An integrated circuit may include at least a first replica driver stage coupled between a reference impedance input and a first power supply node and having a first programmable driver impedance set by a first driver configuration value in the same manner as a first output driver section of the integrated circuit. At least a first replica input termination stage may be coupled between the reference impedance input and the first power supply node and having a first programmable termination impedance set by a first termination configuration value in the same manner as a first input termination section of the integrated circuit. An impedance programming circuit may generate at least the first driver configuration value and the first termination configuration value in response to a potential at the reference node.

Integrated circuits are typically assembled into packages having input and/or output connections, such as pins. Due to the increasing density of integrated circuits and the increasing number of functions that are included into integrated circuits, it may be desirable to ensure functions may be executed with as small a pin count as possible.
Due to the increasing speeds at which data may be transmitted, integrated circuits may include features to address transmission line effects. Due to transmission line effects, in the event of an impedance mismatch between a characteristic impedance of a line and signal source impedance, unwanted signal reflection may occur, leading to high power consumption and/or poor signal integrity.

Circuits and methods for programming integrated circuit input and output impedances


A physical layer device (PLD), comprising: a first serializer-deserializer (SERDES) device having a first parallel port; a second SERDES device having a second parallel port; a third SERDES device having a third parallel port; and a path selector being selectively configurable to provide either (i) a first signal path between the first and second parallel ports, or (ii) a second signal path between the first and third parallel ports.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to data communications.
2. Background
A data communication network includes multiple communication devices and a connection infrastructure or medium for interconnecting or networking the communication devices. The communication devices may include stand-alone computers or embedded controllers. Often, the communication devices include or connect with high-speed analog serial data interfaces or ports configured to operate at Gigabit-per-second (Gbps) data rates. Typically, the serial data interfaces are configured in accordance with known data transmission standards, such as optical fiber and copper wire Ethernet standards. Therefore, there is a need for a connection infrastructure capable of interfacing with such high-speed analog serial data interfaces. It is desirable that the connection infrastructure be capable of operating at the Gigabit-per-second data rates, and in accordance with the different transmission standards.
At any given time, only a subset, such as two, of the communication devices may need to communicate with each other. A direct data connection or path between the two communication devices facilitates high-speed data communication. Over time, different subsets of communication devices require different direct path connections. Therefore, it is desirable that the connection infrastructure be capable of being selectively configurable to provide the different direct path connections between communication devices.

Physical layer device having a SERDES pass through mode


A clamping plate assembly for movement laterally into and out of engagement with a load includes a main plate member which has front, rear, upper and lower edges. Along the lower edge of the main plate member, an auxiliary plate overlies a portion extending from the lower edge a predetermined distance toward the upper edge thereof, and is removably attached to the main plate member. A yieldable friction material then is over substantially the major portion of the auxiliary plate and the portion of the main plate member not covered by the auxiliary plate.

This invention is in the field of industrial lift trucks which employ oppositely disposed load-clamping plates actuated toward and away from each other to clamp a load therebetween for lifting and transporting the load. When the load is transported to the location desired, the load clamping plates are moved away from one another to release the load.


A transponder system for motor vehicle, used both as a RKE system and as a kill switch type safety system, is described herein. The transponder system includes an electronic lock assembly provided with a housing, an interrogator circuit and a coil antenna. The transponder system also includes an electronic key provided with a housing made of a slightly resilient material, a transponder circuit, and a coil antenna. The key assembly may be releasably mounted to the lock assembly since the housing of the key assembly is made of a slightly resilient material. Continuous interactions between the electronic lock and the electronic key are required for the continuous operation of the engine of the vehicle.

Transponders are well known in the general field of security systems.
The use of transponders in this field generally concerns Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) systems. An interrogator circuit is used as a lock and a separate transponder circuit is used as a key. The interrogator circuit transmits a question signal, usually a Radio Frequency signal, that is received by the transponder. The question signal is then modified by the transponder according to a predetermined pattern to generate a response signal that is transmitted from the transponder back to the interrogator circuit. Upon receipt of this response signal, the interrogator circuit compares the received response signal with a stored expected response signal. If the comparison is accepted, the interrogator circuit generates an output signal to deactivate a mechanical lock or any other mechanism electrically connected to the interrogator circuit.
Improvements have been made in these RKE systems to provide keys that do not require power sources, i.e. batteries. In these cases, a portion of the energy of the received question signal is rectified by a rectifier circuit and stored in an energy storage element, usually a capacitor, to provide the required electrical energy to generate the response signal and to transmit this response signal.
A major drawback common to the transponder systems used as RKE systems concerns the constant powered on state of the interrogator circuit. This drawback is not so great when the interrogator is connected to the electrical power grid. However, when the interrogator circuit is used in a battery operated environment such as, for example a motor vehicle (an automobile, a snowmobile, an all-terrain vehicle, a boat, a personal water craft . . .) it is obviously not interesting to leave the interrogator circuit constantly energized.
Safety systems for vehicles using a kill switch automatically triggered when the driver of the vehicle is ejected from the vehicle are also generally well known. Usually, a lanyard links the driver to a mechanical switch that is automatically placed in an open position should the lanyard be disconnected from the switch. Such safety systems are often found on water crafts such as boats and personal water crafts, but could also be used on all-terrain vehicles, snowmobiles or other vehicles where the driver could be ejected.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,352,045 issued to Takashima and entitled "Immobilization system for watercraft" describes a transponder system used on a watercraft as a RKE system. Takashima's system also includes a conventional lanyard safety system provided with a mechanical kill switch to which an end of the lanyard must be connected for proper operation of the vehicle. The key of the transponder system is necessary for the ignition of the engine of the vehicle and the lanyard system is necessary for the continuing operation of the engine.
Canadian Patent application 2,206,286 published on Nov. 27, 1998 and entitled "Transponder System" describes a transponder system using a reed-switch and corresponding magnet to both energize the interrogator circuit and as a safety system. Indeed, the magnet is embedded in the key that is linked to the driver via a lanyard cord.


The object of the invention is to provide a high-frequency heating apparatus which has simple configuration, in which leakage into the apparatus from a water tank is prevented without large-sizing the apparatus, which is not influenced by heat from a heating chamber and which is sanitary and provides ease of use. To achieve the object, the high-frequency heating apparatus 100 provided with a high frequency generator that supplies a high frequency to the heating chamber for housing an object to be heated and a steam generator that generates steam in the heating chamber for supplying at least either a high frequency or steam to the heating chamber and heating the object to be heated is provided and the water tank for supplying water to the steam generator is arranged in any position on the outside face of the high-frequency heating apparatus 100 so that the water tank can be detached.

For a conventional type high-frequency heating apparatus, there are a type having only one function of high-frequency heating and a combination oven provided with a convection heater that generates a hot air in addition to high-frequency heating, and a high-frequency heating apparatus that a high frequency and steam can be supplied to a heating chamber is also discussed. For a high-frequency heating apparatus to which a steam generating function is added, various methods including a method of providing a boiler outside a heating chamber and leading steam generated from the boiler into the heating chamber are proposed.
Recently, a high-frequency heating apparatus the volume of the heating chamber of which is increased by arranging an operator panel at a hatch, arranging a control circuit at the bottom, using the whole front of the body for a hatch and further thinning a wall forming a heating chamber up to the minimum has been adopted.
For a water supply method for generating steam of the high-frequency heating apparatus provided with a steam generating function, there are a method of directly supplying water to a water reservoir heated by a heater and a method of supplying water from a water tank connected to a steam generator. However, in the method of directly supplying to the water reservoir, when water in the reservoir is heated, it is evaporated and condensed, a so-called scale such as calcium and magnesium included in the water is deposited and adheres to the inside face of a heater and the reservoir. Therefore, the thermal efficiency of evaporation is deteriorated, the reservoir is required to be frequently cleaned and it is not desirable sanitarily. Every time an object to be heated is heated, water is required to be supplied to the reservoir, a heating process itself is troublesome and it is a difficulty of such an apparatus.
In that respect, a method of supplying from a water tank is excellent in ease of use, however, the method of using a water tank also has the following problems. First, in case a water tank cannot be detached from a high-frequency heating apparatus, the inside of the water tank is insanitary. When a water tank is simply attached to a high-frequency heating apparatus, the body size of the high-frequency heating apparatus is expanded, the area for installing the apparatus is expanded and the saving of space becomes impossible. Further, when a water tank is arranged inside a high-frequency heating apparatus, water may penetrate into a control circuit into which water should not penetrate and when penetrating water remains in the body, a sanitary problem is caused. Further, as a heating chamber and a water tank are arranged close, heat caused as a result of heating an object to be heated from the heating chamber may be transmitted into the water tank.
As described above, it is desirable from the viewpoint of space for installation that a water tank is arranged in a high-frequency heating apparatus compactly, however, from the viewpoint of the leakage of water from the water tank and the transmission of heat from a heating chamber, it is desirable that the water tank is provided outside the high-frequency heating apparatus. Therefore, the arrangement of a water tank with ease of use by which all problems can be solved at a time has been desired. Particularly, the limit of the usable temperature of a pump for supplying water in a water tank to a steam generator is low and overheat by the transmission of heat is required to be prevented possibly.

High frequency heating apparatus with steam generating function

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


A terminal to hide a message includes an input unit to receive a signal to hide a message and a signal to restore a hidden message; a display unit to display the message and the hidden message; and a control unit to control display of the message. The terminal hides messages or applications on a separate screen. The separate screen may be a virtual screen or a different display screen. A hidden message may be displayed on the separate screen according to a conversation partner. A hidden message may be restored to a location in which the message would have originally been displayed. A portion of the stored message may be extracted and provided to an application of the terminal.

1. Field
The following description relates to data protection technology, and more particularly, to message hiding and message restoring technology.
2. Discussion of the Background
Developments in the information and communications industry have increased the number of methods of acquiring information available to users. Devices like mobile terminals have become essential communication devices and are used particularly for transmitting messages and receiving messages.
Increasing device usability is accompanied by increasing interest in data protection, which requires a user environment that is highly usable and more intuitive. That is, increasing usability is accompanied by an increasing need for a user environment that is highly convenient and intuitive when displaying messages or managing message lists or messages.
As an example of a message display and management method, if a user wishes to perform an archiving process on a specific message from an outgoing/incoming message list (a first message list) for consolidated management of messages transmitted to and received from a large number of partners, the specific message may be moved from the first message list to a message archiving list (a second message list) to be stored, and eliminated from the first message list.
For example, if the specific message to be archived is selected by the user from the first message list through a hardware button or a software button, a menu screen may pop up, and then the message is eliminated from the first message list if an archiving instruction is input by the user.
Accordingly, it may be difficult for the user to intuitively discern which message is eliminated from the first message list, or where the message is located in the second message list.
In addition, since the archived messages are all stored in a storage box in a list form without distinction between conversation partners, a series of processes of selecting individual messages from the list of the storage box, verifying detailed contents of a message to be retrieved by the user, transmission/reception targets, or the date and time of transmission/reception, and returning to the list have to be repeatedly performed in order to view the detailed contents, the transmission/reception targets, or the date and time of transmission/reception. This repetition may be the result of messages being stored in the message storage box which is integrally managed without distinction between transmission/reception targets, the data, and time of transmission/reception, and the like, if the messages are separately archived.
In addition, when a user wishes to view previously received messages, a considerable amount of time may be required for searching if there is a large history of messages.

Terminal and method for hiding and restoring message


Given a CD-ROM drive having a plurality of speed ranges selectable in n-fold graduation and having linearly reduced rotational speeds within each speed range respectively between outer and inner sector and having the prescription that a reduction of the rotational speed automatically ensues given a negative read result, control means are provided that effective switching into a lower speed range when a predetermined noise level is upwardly transgressed and/or when vibrations occur.

The invention is directed to a CD-ROM drive.
A prior art CD-ROM drive is disclosed in the publication, Pioneer Electronic Corporation XP0020066715, Sep. 17, 1996.
In conformity with the demands made of higher read performances, CD-ROM drives work with higher and higher speeds. Proceeding from single, double, through currently 8-fold speed, corresponding drives with speeds in the range from 500 through 6,500 rpm are offered, so that the drives can be set to different speed ranges as needed. By contrast to hard disk drives wherein an extremely precise adjustment and centering is possible due to the permanently installed hard disks, there is the problem given CD-ROM drives that an adequately exact centering can be achieved here for only a relatively small part of the data disks that can be inserted into the drive. Particularly given increasing speeds, this results therein that vibrations and/or running noises that considerably complicate and impede the work execution at a correspondingly equipped personal computer occur due to the non-optimum position given a majority of the data disks that are inserted. In addition to a high noise emission due to the drive, which can also extend onto the entire housing, this leads to unnecessarily high mechanical stresses of the drives, which in turn results in maintenance, repair and other consequential costs. Vibrations that occur at the CD-ROM drive can usually also be transmitted onto neighboring hard disk or floppy disk drives, so that their operation can be sensitively disturbed. Ultimately, this leads to dissatisfaction on the part of the customer, who no longer accepts CD-ROM drives overall.
As known, the tracks in a compact disk are applied in the form of a helix proceeding from inside to outside, whereby all sectors are of equal length, differing from a hard disk. Dependent on the operating mode of the CD-ROM drive, this means either that the speed of the compact disk is linearly reduced from, for example, 6,500 rpm to 3,000 rpm from the first sector arranged at the inside to the last sector arranged at the outside within a predetermined speed range (what is referred to as CLV mode) of that the speed remains constant, with the result that the read speed steadily increases toward the outside (what is referred to as CAV mode). When it then occurs that a sector cannot be faultlessly read, then the drive automatically switches into the next-lower speed range.
An analogous operation is not provided per se when vibrations and/or noise emissions occur. However, it has been disclosed for what are referred to as dual mode CAVICLV drives (see the above-identified product specification of the Pioneer company, September 1996) that an automatic switch from CLV mode into the CAV modes ensues when vibrations occur, i.e. a switch to a speed that is constant within the selected speed range but that is somewhat lower overall, with the advantage that the risk of occurring resonances within the selected speed range is significantly lower given a fixed speed.
The present invention is based on the object of improving a CD-ROM drive in such a way that an operating sequence deteriorated due to vibrations and/or noise emissions can be avoided with simple means and the CD-ROM drive in turn returns into a malfunction-free operation.
In general the present invention is a CD-ROM drive having a plurality of speed ranges selectable in n-fold graduation and, optionally, having constant or linearly reduced rotational speeds within each speed range respectively between outer and inner circumference, with the prescription that a switching to a lower speed automatically ensues using control means when vibrations occur. A manually actuatable key for switching the drive into a speed range respectively lower by one step (n-1) is allocated to the control means for speed reduction.
Advantageous developments of the present invention are as follows.
The key for switching into a lower speed range is combined with the control key for the CD drawer transport and respectively one of the two functions can be triggered dependent on the duration of the key pressure.
The control key for the drawer transport is controllable such that, given brief-duration activation of the key, a speed reduction is triggered and, given longer key pressure, a transport motion of the CD drawer is triggered.
Advantageous developments of the invention are recited below. It is especially advantageous when the control key for switching the drive into a lower speed range is combined with the control key for the CD drawer transport because there is usually hardly any space for a further operating key given traditional drives. Dependent on the duration of the key pressure, either the function of speed reduction or the function of drawer transport is triggered.

CD-ROM drive having adjustable multiple speed ranges


Techniques for deriving interpolated pilot symbols for a gated pilot in a wireless (e.g., IS-856, cdma2000, or W-CDMA) communication system. In one method, first and second recovered pilot symbols for first and second time instances, respectively, are initially obtained (e.g., derived based on pilot bursts for the gated pilot). A phase change induced in the received signal at a third time instance between the first and second time instances is estimated. First and second phase-rotated symbols are next derived based on the first and second recovered pilot symbols and the estimated induced phase change. Interpolated pilot symbols between the first and third time instances are then derived (e.g., using linear interpolation) based on the first recovered pilot symbol and the first phase-rotated symbol. Similarly, interpolated pilot symbols between the third and second time instances are derived based on the second phase-rotated symbol and the second recovered pilot symbol.

1. Field
The present invention relates generally to data communication, and more specifically to techniques for generating a reference signal, comprised of interpolated pilot symbols, for a gated pilot and with compensation for phase changes induced in a received signal.
2. Background
In a typical wireless communication system (e.g., a CDMA system), data is processed, coded, modulated, filtered, amplified, and transmitted from a transmitter unit (e.g., a base station) to one or more receiver units (e.g., terminals). The transmitted signal typically experiences path loss, multipath, and other phenomena prior to reaching the receiver units. At each receiver unit, the transmitted signal is received, conditioned, demodulated, and decoded to recover the transmitted data. The signal conditioning typically includes amplification, filtering, frequency downconversion, and so on.
Due to path loss, multipaths (which may add constructively or destructively), and other phenomena, the received signal strength may vary over a wide range of values. For example, for a CDMA system, the received signal strength can vary over 85 dB. To provide a conditioned signal having the proper amplitude for digitization, multiple stages of low noise amplifier (LNA) and/or variable gain amplifier (VGA) are usually employed in the received signal path from the antenna to the analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The received signal path may also include one or more sections in which the received signal can be routed through one of several possible signal paths (e.g., a gain path and a bypass path for an LNA stage).
The characteristics of the received signal can change as circuit elements in the received signal path are adjusted and/or as different signal paths are selected. Each circuit element in the received signal path is associated with a particular phase, and each setting of the circuit element may also be associated with a different phase. The received signal can have phase discontinuities if the circuit elements are adjusted in a step-wise fashion (e.g., for a VGA with gain steps) or if the received signal is switched through different signal paths (e.g., the gain and bypassed paths for an LNA stage).
In many wireless communication systems, a pilot is transmitted from each transmitter unit to assist the receiver units perform a number of functions. The pilot is typically generated based on a known data pattern (e.g., a sequence of all zeros) and using a known signal processing scheme (e.g., covered with a known channelization code and spread with a known pseudo-random noise (PN) sequence or scrambling code). The pilot may be used at the receiver units for synchronization with the timing and frequency of the transmitter unit, estimation of the quality of the communication channel, coherent demodulation of a data transmission, and possibly other functions.
Some CDMA systems (e.g., IS-856 and W-CDMA systems) employ a gated pilot transmission scheme. For these systems, the pilot is transmitted in bursts at regular time intervals. At each receiver unit, the pilot bursts are processed to obtain a recovered pilot symbol for each pilot burst, with the recovered pilot symbol being an estimate of the amplitude and phase of the pilot (and thus the communication channel) at a particular time instance. A (continuous) reference signal may then be generated by interpolating the recovered pilot symbols, and this reference signal may be used for data demodulation and other purposes. If phase discontinuities are induced in the received signal due to circuit changes in the received signal path, as described above, then these phase discontinuities need to be accounted for in the reference signal so that data demodulation is not degraded.
There is therefore a need in the art for techniques to generate a reference signal for a gated pilot in a manner to account for phase changes induced in the received signal due to adjustments and/or switching of circuit elements in the received signal path.

Pilot interpolation for a gated pilot with compensation for induced phase changes


A rendering system includes a rendering unit (2) and a data processing unit (1) for the processing of a multi-dimensional object data set. The data processing unit is arranged to sample a surface model of the object data set. The successive representations of the surface model from the respective viewing directions are shown on the rendering unit. For the last viewing direction indicated, that is, the final direction, the representation of the multi-dimensional object data set is shown as viewed from the final direction.

The present patent application relates to the formation of a variety of visual renderings of an object data set. Such an object data set relates to actual data of an object to be examined. For example, the object is a patient to be medically examined. The object data set contains, for example, density values, a temperature distribution, the local magnetization or flow data. Other applications are also feasible, for example, applications involving hydrodynamic data or meteorological data, such as flow data, or seismic or medical diagnostic density values.
The invention relates to a rendering system with a rendering unit and a data processing unit for the processing of a multi-dimensional object data set, wherein
the object data set associates data values with positions in a multi-dimensional space, and
the data processing unit is arranged
to sample a surface model in the multi-dimensional object data set, which surface model contains positions on a predetermined surface in the multi-dimensional space.
A rendering system of this kind is known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,782,762.
The known rendering system is designed especially for visualizing the inner side of a hollow lumen, such as the intestine of a patient to be examined, on the basis of computed tomography data. The known system forms a volume file of data values by stacking a series of computed tomography images, each of which relates to a cross-section of the patient to be examined. The volume file is a data set which associates the tomographic data values with positions in the three-dimensional geometrical space. The known rendering system segments a region of interest from the volume file on the basis of comparison of the data values with a predetermined threshold value. In the region of interest an isosurface of the hollow lumen is determined, said isosurface being subjected to rendering, thus forming a view of the wall of the hollow lumen from inside the hollow lumen. Such an isosurface is a two-dimensional surface in the three-dimensional space of positions having each time the same data values. The known rendering system utilizes a so-called xe2x80x9cwireframe modelxe2x80x9d of the isosurface so as to derive the rendering of the inner wall of the hollow lumen from the volume file. The known rendering system is alternatively capable of forming a coarse rendering of the inner wall by shading or coloring the polygons of the wireframe model. This coarse rendering is used, for example in the case of a quickly changing point of view from within the hollow lumen, thus creating the impression that the observer moves inside the hollow lumen while looking around at the interior wall.
The cited United States patent also deals with increasing the speed at which rendering is executed. To this end, in conformity with the cited document it is necessary to reduce the volume file. As alternatives for such a reduction the article mentions a reduction of the number of bits/pixel in the computed tomography images from 16 bits/pixel to 8 bits/pixel, a selection of a smaller sub-volume from the volume file and a reduction of the spatial resolution of the volume file, composed of 500 computed tomography images, from 512xc3x97512xc3x97500 voxels to 256xc3x97256xc3x97500 voxels. It is also proposed to reduce the sampling of the computed tomography images.
When the known rendering system increases the speed at which the inside of the hollow lumen is rendered from successive points of view, the diagnostic quality of the image is degraded. The diagnostic quality is degraded notably because use is made of the wireframe module with the polygons shaded therein and because a significant reduction of the volume file is required. Moreover, the operation of the known rendering system is rather laborious, because a new isosurface is derived for each new view of the interior wall of the hollow lumen from a given direction.
It is an object of the invention to provide a rendering system that enables rendering of the object data set with a high diagnostic quality from different directions.
This object is achieved by means of a rendering system which is arranged in accordance with the invention so as to
derive successive representations of the surface model while viewing from respective directions of view in a range between a starting direction and a final direction,
successively render on the rendering unit the successive representations of the surface model from the respective directions of view,
derive a representation of the multi-dimensional object data set while viewing from the final direction, and subsequently
to render on the rendering unit the representation of the multi-dimensional object data set while viewing from the final direction.
In conformity with the invention the rendering system samples a surface model of the object data set that can be used for a plurality of renderings. The surface model represents a part of the object data set on a surface in the multi-dimensional space. The surface model in practice represents a surface of the object to be examined. For example, the surface model is an isosurface in the object data set. The rendering system successively shows renderings of the surface model as viewed from different directions. These renderings of the surface model, for example, are checked by the user who utilizes a control member such as a mouse. The user can thus rotate and/or shift the surface model as if it were on the rendering unit. The surface model comprises a quantity of data values which is much smaller than that of the multi-dimensional data set. This is because the surface model concerns a less-dimensional space in comparison with the object data set. Consequently, a next rendering can be very quickly ready for display on the rendering unit. This can even take place at approximately the same speed as that at which the user issues a command to render from each time a new direction of view. In practice the user can issue new commands very quickly, for example by moving the mouse, each position of the mouse corresponding to a new direction of view wherefrom the surface model is to be rendered. It is thus avoided that the rendering annoyingly lags the commands issued by the user. For the last direction of view entered by the user, that is, the final direction, the rendering system provides a representation of the (complete) object data set, so not only of the surface model. For example, the final direction is determined by the position where the user keeps the control member, such as the mouse, still. For example, the user can indicate a section through the object data set or given positions in the object data set in the representation of the object data set from the final direction. The invention makes it very easy for the user to rotate or shift the rendering of the object data set merely by showing the surface model in a different orientation. As soon as the user indicates the final direction, the complete object data set is automatically rendered in the orientation from the final direction.
These and other aspects of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments that are defined in the dependent claims.
A suitable representation of the surface model consists of a collection of polygons having vertices formed by the positions on the relevant surface in the multi-dimensional space. A polygon model of this kind requires only few data for adequate representation of the surface. Moreover, such a polygon model can be readily manipulated by the data processing unit.
An advantageous embodiment of the rendering system selects the object data set from a larger multi-dimensional basic data set. This embodiment is suitable, for example for use in contrast angiography. It makes the rendering system in accordance with the invention particularly suitable for use as a medical diagnostic workstation. In contrast angiography computed tomography or rotational radiology is used to form profiles or projection images of a part of the patient to be examined while blood vessels are filled with a contrast agent, that is, from different projection directions. The multi-dimensional basic data set is reconstructed from said profiles or projection images. The multi-dimensional basic data set can also be reconstructed from magnetic resonance signals. The multi-dimensional data set comprises a representation of a part of the vascular system in the surrounding tissue of the patient to be examined. Segmentation enables accurate separation of the object data set from the basic data set, the object data set relating to the vascular system of the patient to be examined.
The rendering system is preferably arranged to perform the segmentation on the basis of a histogram which represents the distribution of data values in the basic data set.
This histogram very clearly shows which range of data values is suitable for the segmentation of the data values of the object data set from the basic data set. It is notably easy to select a suitable threshold value for the segmentation from the histogram. It is particularly handy to show the histogram on the rendering unit and to indicate the threshold value in the rendering of the histogram by means of the control member, for example, the mouse.
A further advantageous embodiment of the rendering system stores the surface model, for example the polygon model, in a Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) format. The surface model can thus be readily exchanged between users. For example, the surface model can be observed in a web browser and it can also be dispatched by e-mail. In this way it is not necessary for different users to sample the surface model each time again.
The invention also relates to a method of processing multi-dimensional object data set. The method according to the invention is defined in claim 8. The method according to the invention enables rendering of the object data set with a high image quality from different directions and renderings from successive directions are achieved at a high rate.
The invention further relates to a computer program as claimed in claim 9. When the computer program of the invention is loaded into a general purpose computer, the computer is enabled to carry out the method of the invention as claimed in claim 8. The computer program of the invention may be supplied on a data carrier such as a CD-rom or the computer program may be downloaded via a data network such as the xe2x80x98world-wide webxe2x80x99.

Rendering of a multi-dimensional object data set


Various embodiments are directed to a surgical device including an end effector. The end effector may include a first jaw member defining a first groove and a second jaw member defining a second groove. The first jaw member and the second jaw member may be selectively pivotable between an open position and a closed position. Also, the first groove and the second groove may align to form a combined helical groove when the first jaw member and the second jaw member are in the closed position. In addition, the first jaw member may define a wire opening aligned with the first groove. Further, the first jaw member may define a beveled edge directed distally and substantially parallel to a distal portion of the wire opening.

Various embodiments relate to surgical fastening devices and to creating and/or placing surgical fastening devices. The surgical fastening devices may be particularly suited to use in open, laparoscopic and/or endoscopic surgical environments and, in various embodiments, may be inserted through a natural orifice in the body to reach a surgical site.
Surgical clips are generally used to apply clamping force to ducts, vessels, and other tissues. In addition, surgical clips are used to control bleeding of a tissue in lieu of suturing or stapling where suturing and stapling are difficult, such as in laparoscopic and/or endoscopic surgical environments. For example, surgical clips may be used to close perforations in the gastrointestinal tract resulting from ulcers, polypectomies, etc. Because of their relatively large size, it is difficult to place multiple surgical clips in close proximity to one another. Therefore, if a surgeon fails to place a surgical clip at an optimum location on the first attempt, it may be necessary to remove the surgical clip before placing another. This may unnecessarily lengthen surgical procedures and cause damage to tissue.
It is also known to use surgical sutures to close various wounds. In a laparoscopic or endoscopic environment, however, it may be difficult to pass instruments suitable for performing a typical "pass and catch" suturing method through a trocar or an endoscope working channel. Accordingly, various suture anchors such as "T-tags" and other fasteners have been developed. These fasteners anchor themselves either through or within tissue. Suture material is then secured to the anchors, allowing a wound or other opening to be closed. Suture anchors, however, present their own difficulties. For example, placing a suture anchor often requires partially or completely perforating the tissue, creating a risk of puncture or injury to surrounding tissue and organs. Also, once a suture anchor has been placed, it may be difficult to remove it or place additional anchors in close proximity. Additional fastening methods are needed.


A leak detecting apparatus and method by which a regulated supply of gas is delivered from an adjustable pressure regulator to a smoke generator so that smoke generated within the smoke generator and carried to a fluid system being tested for leaks is at optimal density throughout the pressure range. The leak detecting apparatus and method have particular application for testing high pressure operating systems (e.g., the engine of a turbo-charged motor vehicle). A flow transducer measures the rate at which the regulated supply of gas flows to the smoke generator. First and second pressure transducers measure the pressure of the regulated gas and the pressure of the system being tested for leaks. The system under test is visually inspected for leaks after the pressure regulator is adjusted to a pressure to create an optimal maximum flow rate and the pressures measured by the first and second pressure transducers are equalized.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an automatically adjustable, microcontroller controlled leak detecting apparatus and method for delivering smoke at an optimal smoke density throughout the pressure range so as to provide a reliable visual indication of the presence and location of a leak. The foregoing is accomplished by delivering a regulated supply of gas (e.g., compressed air) at an optimal pressure and flow rate from a pressure regulator to a smoke generator to be mixed with the gas and carried thereby to a fluid system under test. The leak detecting apparatus and method herein disclosed have particular application for testing systems (e.g., a turbo-charged engine of a motor vehicle) that operate at high pressures.
2. Background Art
Because of concerns for the environment, and due to excessive engine fuel consumption, it has become increasingly important to be able to test the integrity of the engine of a motor vehicle so as to determine the presence and location of a leak in need of repair. In this regard, with the engine turned off, air has been introduced into the engine system in order to attempt to hear the air leak(s). In another method, also with the engine turned off, smoke generating machines have been used for generating a visible gas or vapor that is mixed with air or other gas and carried to the system undergoing testing. By observing any smoke which exits a small and often visually imperceptible hole in the system under test, an indication is provided to the observer of the presence and location of the leak so that a repair might be made. Engine air leaks create engine loss of power and increased fuel consumption.
In the case of turbo-charged and/or boosted motor vehicles, several methods are known for locating vehicle system leaks. One such method is to use compressed air, controlled by a pressure regulator and pressure gauge, in order to introduce air pressure into the engine systems, with the engine turned off. An attempt is then made to listen for the air pressure escaping at potential leak sites that may need repair. Another method is to supply a gas under pressure (e.g., typically compressed air/shop air) to a system under test by way of a leak detector including a solenoid, a manually-operated pressure regulator, a ball indicator-type flow meter, a pressure gauge, a canister containing mineral oil, and a heater. Voltage is applied to the heater to heat the mineral oil within the canister. The oil is vaporized into smoke, and the smoke is blown by the gas supply to the test system. The visual observation of any smoke which exits the system provides a technician with an indication of the location of the leak so that a repair can be completed.
However, turbo and other boosted engine systems operate at significantly higher system pressure than non-turbo or non-boosted systems. These systems will commonly experience air leaks at high system pressures. Therefore, in the case of smoke generating leak detectors, using low pressure smoke generators cannot create sufficient pressure in the engine systems in order to simulate the engine's operating pressures. Consequently, it would be quite difficult to find leaks in such higher pressure systems using a low pressure device.
The density of the smoke being supplied to a system under test is greatly affected by the rate at which the gas flows into and out of the smoke-producing canister. A heater for vaporizing the smoke-producing solution can produce only a finite volume of smoke vapor. The volume of gas introduced into the smoke-generating canister is directly affected by the smoke generator's output pressure, such that the higher the set pressure, the greater the volume. Consequently, high pressure smoke generators produce a less-dense smoke by volume, which results in the system under test being filled primarily with the carrier gas from the initial supply thereof. In this same regard, less visible smoke exits the system making it harder for the technician to detect the leak site. When the pressure regulator is randomly increased for too long a time and/or too high a pressure setting and the system being tested is at a lower atmospheric pressure, the flow rate of the carrier gas is correspondingly increased to sometimes exceed the rate at which visible smoke can be produced. That is to say, the higher the flow rate, the thinner the smoke that will be available to exit the leak site. Consequently, the density of the smoke which exits the system is decreased which also makes it difficult for the technician to identify the leak site.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages inherent with a conventional manually-adjusted leak detector by automatically and simultaneously adjusting the flow rate and pressure of the carrier gas to optimal levels at which to ensure that thick dense smoke throughout the pressure range is carried to the system under test so that the leak site can be more easily and reliably determined.

Automatic pressure-adjusting leak detecting apparatus and method


A service discovery request is received from a printing device at a cloud server. The request includes profile information for the printing device. In response to the request, service information is provided to the printing device. The service information includes location information and an encryption scheme for retrieving a list of services available to the printing device.

A web-connected printer enables a user to print content from the web by using a unique e-mail assigned to the user's printer. For example, a web-connected printer may connect to the web through one-touch print apps to access printable maps, movies, tickets, coupons, news, and so on. Further, web-connected printers such as an all-in-ones (AIOs) (or e-AIOs) enable users to print, copy, scan, or fax documents received from an external source (e.g., a smartphone).

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


A scrubber cleaner for cleaning the unsucked face and peripheral chamfers of a semiconductor wafer. A wafer holder capable of holding the wafer by vacuum suction and turning the wafer circumferentially, and including a wafer suction head for fixing the wafer on it and a motor to rotate the suction head. A brush assembly including a rotatory plate having a brushing surface on one side consisting of a flat ring portion and a side-of-cylinder portion, and being capable of shifting axially and in radial directions; a motor for rotating the rotatory plate circumferentially; an air cylinder for shifting the rotatory plate axially; and another air cylinder for shifting the rotatory plate in radial directions. The side-of-cylinder portion of the brushing surface axially extends from the inner boundary of the ring portion, and the rotatory plate is disposed such that the flat ring portion of the brushing surface of the brush is opposed to and in parallel to the unsucked face of the wafer which is held on the suction head.

The present invention relates to a scrubber cleaning apparatus for cleaning a thin disk work, such as semiconductor wafers; more particularly the invention relates to a scrubber apparatus for holding a thin disk work by sucking at one of the faces thereof by means of a sucking means and cleaning the circumferential periphery as well as that face of the work which is not being sucked (hereinafter "unsucked face").

Scrubber apparatus for cleaning a thin disk work


In the case of a filling level sensor (1) for detecting a fuel filling level in a fuel tank (2), a lever arm (7) which secures a float (6) has a guide part (14). The guide part (14) interacts with an installation opening (3) in the fuel tank (2) and deflects the lever arm (7) in a designated direction. This avoids the filling level sensor (1) being damaged during installation in the fuel tank (2).

The invention relates to a filling level sensor for detecting a fuel filling level in a fuel tank of a motor vehicle, with a lever arm which secures a float, follows the fuel filling level and has a support provided for installation in the fuel tank, and with a mounting of the lever arm on the support.
Filling level sensors of this type generally have a potentiometer arranged on the support or a magnetically passive position sensor for detecting the deflection of the lever arm, and are known from practice. In the case of fuel tanks nowadays which are generally very shallow and long, the lever arm is likewise very long. For installation, the filling level sensor is introduced with the float in front into the fuel tank through an installation opening which is kept very small. The support is subsequently fastened in the fuel tank. It is necessary in this case for the filling level sensor to be threaded through the installation opening into the fuel tank in a sufficiently careful manner, since the lever arm in particular can be damaged. Furthermore, when the filling level sensor is introduced into the fuel tank, the lever arm has to be pivoted in order to prevent the float from bumping against a wall of the fuel tank.
The invention is based on the problem of developing a filling level sensor of the type mentioned at the beginning in such a manner that it permits particularly simple installation in the fuel tank.


A method and apparatus for deriving diagnostic data about a technical system utilizing learning metrics gained by at least one data driven learning process while generating and updating soft sensor models of said technical system.

Complex technical systems and machines such as gas or wind turbines change their behaviour over time. Complex technical systems such as gas or wind turbines are governed by many complicated physical interrelationships that can often only be assessed by use of statistical methods since many values or parameters can only be roughly estimated. Conventional signal evaluations are not sufficient to maximize a turbine's life span and performance. By using so-called recurrent neural networks it is possible to depict the processes of a turbine and to make forecasts regarding its output. In particular, for maintenance purposes it is important to know not only what happened in the past but also how the processes of the technical system will continue in the future. By learning different situations the evaluation system can get better at independently forecasting which settings or decisions are required for a technical system such as a wind or gas turbine.
Monitoring and diagnostics for technical systems can be realized in different time scales. Up to now, simple monitoring functions can be handled by control systems of the technical system and these monitoring functions can comprise a comparison of measured values provided for instance by physical sensors to absolute limits or thresholds. Further, ratios between different measured values can be calculated compared to predetermined ratios. Moreover, it is possible to compare results of fixed formulas calculated by the control system to predetermined ranges. Complex and more accurate diagnostics are performed offline or on separate devices that only receive part of the operational data from the technical system.
Conventional control systems lack the resources to evaluate many complex models for all measured variables in real-time. Soft sensors learned from operational data can capture complex and nonlinear dependencies but need to be retrained regularly to keep their high accuracy. This retraining to account for the current system operation conditions however leads to the situation that small and continuous changes and degradations within the technical system are not detected anymore but learned as a changed system behaviour of the technical system. A conventional way to accurately detect fast as well as slow system changes in a technical system is the use of several monitoring models for one variable that are trained on different time scales. However, this again increases the computational load of the control system.
Another conventional way to accurately detect fast as well as slow system changes is the comparison of models on data of a long period such as months or years. However, accessing these old data also creates significant performance problems. Another issue is that a changed or updated system configuration or replacements of physical sensors can lead to different measurements, causing this approach to be impractical.
Accordingly, there is a need to provide a method and an apparatus for deriving reliable diagnostic data about a complex technical system which overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages and which are able to capture a complex system behaviour and accurately identify fast as well as slowly degrading components of the technical system.

Method and apparatus for deriving diagnostic data about a technical system


This invention concerns a sprocket gear for facilitating the derailing of the chain of a bicycle transmission and other prime movers. The sprocket gear includes at least two sprockets axially and concentrically positioned relative to one another. Each sprocket includes a perimeter, a front face, and a back face. Gear teeth project axially from at least a first perimeter segment of the front face and at least a second perimeter segment of the front face is free of gear teeth. Gear teeth project axially from the back face perimeter at the at least second segment of the front face. No gear teeth project from the back face perimeter at the at least first perimeter segment of the front face.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a bicycle transmission mechanism, and more particularly, to a multi-speed transmission employing a sprocket gear of the bicycle transmission mechanism that facilitates movement of the chain from one sprocket to an adjacent sprocket during derailing.
2. Description of the Background Art
The bicycle gear-shifting mechanism is generally composed of two sprocket sets and a sprocket chain interconnecting the two sprocket sets for transferring motion from one sprocket to another. The sprocket sets are provided respectively with gears having various numbers of teeth. The gear-changing process of the bicycle is attained by an action of pulling the transmission cable so as to actuate the sprocket chain to move from one sprocket to another.
A derailleur mechanism allows a rider to selectively move the chain to a different one of the sprockets in each set of sprockets. This enables the rider to select a gear ratio that is most appropriate for the current riding conditions.
There have been many attempts to improve upon the derailing of the chain from one sprocket to an adjacent sprocket. Presently, there exist many types of transmissions that employ a sprocket gear and a derailer gear for selectively moving a chain from one sprocket to another adjacent sprocket so as to change the speed of the bicycle.
Basically, derailers function to exert a force on the chain in a location proximate to the sprocket gear so as to force the chain into alignment with the adjacent sprocket. During derailing from one sprocket to another sprocket, the chain is forcibly urged off the teeth of the one sprocket and onto the teeth of the adjacent sprocket. Upon a full revolution, the chain is thus fully derailed from the one sprocket and is fully engaged around the adjacent sprocket, thereby completing the derailing to the adjacent sprocket.
Sprocket gear and derailers have been universally accepted throughout the bicycle industry. However, it has also been widely known that the chain may slip during derailing should the teeth of the adjacent sprocket not fully engage the chain as the chain is forcibly moved off the one sprocket onto the adjacent sprocket. Slippage during shifting is highly undesirable as it causes the bicyclist to lose cadence. Moreover, chain slippage during a power stroke may cause the bicyclist to lose control of the bicycle and may even result in an accident.
A disadvantage of currently available derailleur systems is that they do not always shift smoothly under load, for example, when a rider is riding a bicycle up a hill. A further disadvantage of some derailleur type multi-speed transmissions is that a significant amount of force is generally required to shift the chain between adjacent sprockets in one of the sets of sprockets. Therefore, if it is desired to automate the shifting function by controlling shifting with a computer-controlled actuator; for example, the actuator must be capable of supplying the necessary force. Consequently, an expensive and typically power hungry actuator is required. The result is that electronically controlled automatic derailleur type transmissions have not been widely accepted.
A major problem of the prior art is that the conventional variable speed bicycle uses the conventional sprocket of the single speed bicycle, without taking into consideration the design of the chain shifting process. In other words, when the gear changing is under way, the sprocket chain engages the other sprocket in a random manner. As a result, the chance of success of gear changing of the conventional variable speed bicycle is relatively low. In the meantime, the speed changing process is slow while the operation feel is less smooth. In view of these drawbacks, various improvements in the sprocket structure of the variable speed bicycle have been made in recent years in the hope that the engagement of the sprocket chain and the sprocket takes place successfully with precision when the bicycle gear changing is under way.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,192,248 entitled "Multi-stage Sprocket Gear for Bicycle" to Nagano discloses an invention making use of the reduction in the engaging tooth height of the deformed tooth or the affixed tooth. The fixed-point gear changing is attained by means of the relay engagement of the intermediate teeth. However, this design is costly, and the split tooth also weakens tooth strength and has negative impact on safety.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,413,534 entitled "Chain Shift Aiding Structure for Bicycle Sprocket" to Nagano discloses a gear changing path which is provided with a support projection for bracing the waist of the sprocket chain at the time when the gear changing takes place, thereby averting the chain shifting failure which is brought about by the fall of the sprocket chain before the chain has arrived at the engaging teeth.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,085,621 entitled "Multi-stage Sprocket Gear for Bicycle" to Nagano discloses a sprocket having the design of the slanted pocket of recess for averting the sprocket changing outer chain plate and for bracing the waist portion of the sprocket chain, so as to enhance the chance of success of gear changing.
The prior art also teaches the use of transmissions including a "variable diameter sprocket."For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,634,406 entitled "Multiple Speed Transmission for Bicycles" to Hufschmid, discloses a transmission, in which one of the front and rear groups of sprockets is replaced with a segmented sprocket. The segmented sprocket has a number of radially movable segments that engage the chain. By moving the segments inwardly or outwardly, the effective diameter of the segmented sprocket can be changed, thereby varying the gear ratio of the transmission.
Unfortunately, this transmission has not been commercially acceptable, because it is complicated, too heavy, inefficient, and is not well suited to automation with low powered actuators.
In addition, the prior art teaches various types of gear-tooth configurations and placements to facilitate derailing of the chain from one sprocket to an adjacent sprocket. As can be seen in such patents, tooth configuration has heretofore been optimized to allow the chain to twist axially sideways so as to more easily be derailed from one sprocket to an adjacent sprocket. The positions of the teeth on the sprockets are likewise optimized to facilitate derailing. For example, a "missing" tooth configuration has been known to facilitate derailing as the "missing" tooth space more easily allows the chain to be grasped by the tooth of an adjacent sprocket without slippage. U.S. Pat. No. 4,348,200 entitled "Multi-speed Sprocket Gear for a Bicycle" to Terada discloses a "missing" tooth configuration wherein a reduced radius, or recess, is provided at the point of the "missing" tooth. A tooth is positioned in the reduced radius, or recess, to facilitate shifting of the gear of the chain from one sprocket to an adjacent sprocket by means of the tooth positioned in such recess.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,192,249 entitled "Multi-step Bicycle Transmission Sprocket Gear" to Mu discloses multi-step transmission sprocket gear and includes a large sprocket gear, an intermediate sprocket gear, and a small sprocket gear. The intermediate sprocket gear is provided in the top surface of a predetermined tooth with a first recess and is further provided with a chain-guiding recess located in the back side of a plurality of adjoining teeth along the reverse revolving direction of the predetermined tooth. The large sprocket gear is provided in the top surface of a predetermined number of teeth thereof with a second recess corresponding in location to the chain-guiding recess of the intermediate sprocket gear in the reverse revolving direction. The sprocket chain is capable of shifting from the small sprocket gear to the intermediate sprocket gear with speed, thanks to the first recess and the chain-guiding recess of the intermediate sprocket gear. The second recess of the large sprocket gear serves to avert the deflection of the sprocket chain so as to eliminate the mechanical interference of the large sprocket gear by the sprocket chain when a transmission process is in progress.
A disadvantage presented by the MU patent is that the chain is not always engaged to the teeth, the recesses do not overlap, thus a slip of the chain can occur.
Finally, U.S. Pat. No. 6,293,884 entitled "Cluster Sprocket for Bicycle Transmissions and Other Prime Movers" to the present inventor, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference, discloses a multi-sprocket gear including a plurality of progressively-sized sprockets that are positioned adjacent to one another to define an increasing diameter sprocket gear.
A disadvantage presented by the Chattin patent is that the cluster system does not provide a smooth derailing of the chain from one sprocket to an adjacent sprocket.
While the foregoing sprocket gears noted above have been recognized in the industry as providing some solutions to the problem of slippage during derailing, there is nevertheless a substantial need in the derailer industry for cluster sprockets having configurations that optimize the derailing of the chain from one sprocket to an adjacent sprocket.
What is needed is a reasonably simple variable ratio cluster sprocket—which is reasonably light in weight, yet reasonably robust, reasonably inexpensive to fabricate and readily shifted from one ratio to another.

Cluster sprockets for bicycle transmissions and other prime movers


A panel module for a computer enclosure includes a main panel, a linkage member, a cover panel, and a resilient limiting member. The main panel has a cover region and an opening provided in the cover region. The linkage member is connected pivotally to the main and cover panels. The cover panel is movable relative to the main panel to be closed upon or flipped away from the cover region. The linkage member is disposed at a closed position when the cover panel is closed. The limiting member is interposed between the main panel and the linkage member to limit the linkage member to the closed position, and enables the linkage member to be automatically restored to the closed position when the cover panel is to be closed, thereby permitting easy and proper closing of the cover panel.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a panel module for a computer enclosure and to the computer enclosure, more particularly to a panel module having a cover panel that can be opened forwardly or closed rearwardly, and to a computer enclosure having the panel module assembled thereto.
2. Description of the Related Art
Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, a conventional panel module 1 for a computer enclosure includes a main panel 11, a cover panel 12, and a linkage member 13. The main panel 11 is disposed to be assembled to a front side of a case body 10 and has an opening region 111. The cover panel 12 is connected pivotally to one side of the opening region 111 of the main panel 11 through the linkage member 13 so as to be openable relative to the main panel 11 to permit access to the opening region 111 or to be closable relative to the main panel 11 to conceal the opening region 111.
When the panel module 1 is assembled to the front side of the case body 10, electronic components (not shown) within the case body 10 are accessible through the opening region 111 of the main panel 11. Thus, when a user intends to remove or install an electronic component from or in the case body 10, the cover panel 12 is opened and the electronic component is removed forwardly from the case body 10 or pushed rearwardly into the case body 10 through the opening region 111, without the need to detach the panel module 1.
However, there are some drawbacks associated with the conventional panel module 1. Since the cover panel 12 is connected pivotally to the main panel 11 through the linkage member 13, when the cover panel 12 moves relative to the main panel 11, the linkage member 13 also swings pivotally relative to the main panel 11 along directions indicated by the arrow 14 in FIG. 3. In practice, it is only when the linkage member 13 is rotated to a closed position as shown in FIG. 3 that the cover panel 12 can be properly closed upon the main panel 11, as shown in FIG. 1. Therefore, when the user wants to turn the cover panel 12 for closing upon the main panel 11, it is often necessary to adjust the linkage member 13 to the closed position in order to enable the cover panel 12 to be properly closed upon the main panel 11, which is relatively inconvenient.

Panel module for a computer enclosure, and the computer enclosure


Stabilized compositions of nithiazine which are suitable for long term use in an agricultural application. The compositions typically contain nithiazine, a hydroxyalkyl-tert-amine and an antioxidant. Suitable hydroxyalkyl-tert-amines include, for example, triethanolamine, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine, ETHOMEEN S12.RTM., ETHOMEEN C12.RTM. and ETHOMEEN T12.RTM.. Suitable antioxidants include, for example, TENOX GT-2.RTM. (a mixture of 70% tocopherols) and alkyl gallates.

Nithiazine, 2-nitromethylene-tetrahydro-2H-1,3-thiazine is an active ingredient in a number of insecticidal compositions. It has been described as having activity against rice insects including both moths and flies. However, nithiazine is a relatively unstable compound which will decompose under thermal, sunlight, or moisture conditions.
A number of approaches have been investigated in an effort to stabilize nithiazine formulations. Japan patent JP 57002208 reports the stabilization of nithiazine using .alpha.- and .beta.- naphthols or phenols having two to three hydroxy radicals attached to the benzene ring. In Japan patent JP 5718604, nithiazine is stabilized with potassium salts of carboxylic acids or phosphoric acids. Japan patent JP 5718605 describes the stabilization of nithiazine with urea or thiourea. More recently, JP 59134703 described the use of secondary aromatic amines such as N-methylaniline, N-methyltoluidine, diphenylamine and N-phenyl-.beta.naphthylamine to prevent decomposition of nithiazine.
Despite the above approaches, there exists a need for compositions which provide a long-term stabilization of nithiazine to both thermal and UV conditions. Surprisingly, the present invention provides such compositions.


A riser for a surface irrigation system has a housing and an outlet valve. The housing has an open upper portion and an outlet defining an orifice. The valve includes an upper closure, a valve member, and an actuating lever. The upper closure is securable to the riser. The valve member is coupled to the closure and mountable within a flow path of the fluid, the valve member operable for opening and closing the valve, and configured to seat against a valve seat of the housing, and on an upstream side of the orifice, whereby the pressure of fluid within the valve urges the valve member against the seat when the valve is closed. The pivotable actuating lever having one end extending through the orifice and coupled to the valve member, and an operable end for operating the valve member to open and close the valve.

Pipe and riser irrigation systems can be an efficient way to deliver irrigation water for surface irrigation. Pipe and riser irrigation systems can be used as an alternative to open channels, which can be prone to clogging, leakage and evaporation losses.
Outlet valves for pipe and riser irrigation systems can be difficult to operate, particularly due to the variation in pressure of the irrigation fluid. In use, the irrigation fluid pressure can vary, particularly if other valves in the system and opened or closed. Also, if pressure drops within the system, for example in the event of the irrigation pump ceasing operation, the water column within the riser can abruptly drop, causing the creation of a vacuum within the riser that can lead to collapsing and damage of the riser.
Furthermore, closing the valve against the pressure of irrigation fluid can be difficult, leaving the outlet valve prone to damage and/or leakage.
There is a need to address the above, and/or at least provide a useful alternative.

Outlet valve for a riser of a surface irrigation system and riser


A developing device for developing an electrostatic latent image, which is formed on an image-bearing body, with a developer which includes a toner and a carrier, the developing device comprises a developing roll, which includes a fixed magnet at an interior portion and a rotatable sleeve at an outer side thereof, and which is disposed to oppose the image-bearing body, rotates while carrying the developer, and conveys the developer to a developing region in a direction opposite to a direction of progress of the image-bearing body for developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the image-bearing body, wherein the developing roll includes a magnetic pole which includes, in a circumferential direction of the developing roll, at least two magnetic flux density peaks with the same polarity in the developing region, one of the magnetic flux density peaks opposing an end portion of the developing region at a downstream side in the direction of progress of the image-bearing body.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a developing device to be employed in an image formation device at which an electrophotography system is applied, such as a copier, a printer, a fax machine, a multifunction device including functions thereof and to an image formation device which employs this developing device.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, a developing device which is charged with a developing agent (a "two-component developer" formed of a toner and a magnetic carrier) is mounted at an image formation device at which an electrophotography system is applied, such as a copier, a printer, a fax machine, a multifunction device including functions thereof, or the like. This developing device (a developing roll) is disposed to oppose a photosensitive body, the toner is adhered to a surface of the photosensitive body, and an electrostatic latent image is made visible with the toner. Thus, image formation is implemented.
In order to improve movement of the magnetic carrier within a development nipping area and raise developing efficiency of such a two-component developer, lowering of carrier magnetizations has been implemented (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A) No. 62-38476, JP-A No. 11-27484 and suchlike).
However, when magnetic flux density of a developing magnetic pole is lowered and/or carrier magnetization is lowered, there is a problem in that adherence of carrier to an image-bearing body is more likely to occur, particularly in conditions of high temperature and high humidity, low temperature and low humidity, and the like.
In particular, because a toner with small particle diameters has a larger overall toner surface area, in order to use such a toner, it is desirable to reduce particle diameters of the carrier and increase surface area of the carrier. However, in such a case, magnetic attraction of the carrier is lowered, and therefore, adherence of the carrier to an image-bearing body is more likely to occur.
Adherence of carrier to an image-bearing body is likely to occur when a contrast between respective potentials at an image portion and a non-image portion is large. When carrier adherence occurs at an image portion, because the carrier particles are larger than the toner particles, a toner image and a transfer object body cannot be tightly contacted in the vicinity of an adhered carrier particle, and transfer dropouts will occur at and around these carrier particles.
Furthermore, if carrier adherence occurs at either of a non-image portion and an image portion, carrier particles that are not transferred can cause damage to a cleaner, the photosensitive body and the like, while carrier particles that are transferred are developed in the form of stains in an image, and can cause damage to a fixing device.

Developing device and image formation device


A winch system 10 coupled to a processor energy source 12 having multiple processor driving rollers 14. The processor 12 provides energy to the winch system 10. The winch system has a body 18 with a front face 20, a back face 22, lateral sides 24, a top 26, a bottom 28 and an imaginary vertical axis A-A. Multiple driven winch drive rollers 32 are supported by the body 18 so that they are rotatable about axes that are parallel to the vertical axis in response to the multiple processor driving rollers. A winch drum 36 is attached to the body 18. A drum gear 38 influences the speed and direction of winch drum rotation. Attached to the winch drum is a cable 40 having a proximal end 42 region and a distal end region that is detachably attachable to an object 46 to be retrieved by the winch system. The cable extends outwardly from the front 20 or back faces 22 of the body 18.

(1) Field of the Invention
The present disclosure relates to a winch system coupled to a processor that energizes the winch system, usually in a forestry environment.
(2) Related Art
Particularly in the lumber business, it is known that there are challenges imposed by remote locations, hard-to-reach job sites, the size and weight of trees to be felled and the movement after felling of heavy, unstable trees and limbs. To meet such challenges, machinery has been developed that deploy tree and limb processors. Examples include equipment made by Waratah, such as the HTH625C harvester head—http://www.waratah.net.
The following patent numbers were considered before filing this patent application: JP 7232899; AU 2010/202945; U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,705,597; and 5,386,970.


A first valve member has an axis and a first seat surface with a tapered contour facing axially downstream. A second valve member has a second seat surface with a tapered contour facing axially upstream. The second valve member has a closed position in which the second seat surface abuts the first seat surface, and has an open position in which the second seat surface is spaced axially downstream from the first seat surface. The second valve member further has a terminal end portion configured as a nose cone. The nose cone may be located entirely downstream of the second seat surface, and may have a cavity with a drain opening.

A test apparatus for pipes may have a fill valve for directing a pressurized flow of fluid into a test pipe. The fill valve may be mounted in a conduit defining a fluid flow path from a pump to the valve, and further from the valve to the test pipe. Turbulent conditions in the flow path may entrain air into the fluid, which could interfere with the test.


A painting apparatus for applying paint to a painting surface within a narrow space. The painting apparatus includes a handle portion, an applicator portion and an applicator material. The handle portion is configured to prevent a user's hand from moving with respect to the handle portion while grasping the handle portion. The applicator portion is attached to the handle portion. The applicator material is arranged relative to an external surface of the applicator portion for applying paint to the painting surface.

In certain situations it is desirable to mount objects close to surfaces to minimize the portion of the location in which the object is located that is occupied by the object. An example of one such object is a toilet. It is possible to mount the toilet close to a wall because it is generally not necessary to access the portion of the wall that is behind the toilet.
One of the primary times that it is necessary to access the space behind the toilet is when decorating. For example, it is generally desirable to paint the space behind the toilet when painting other portions of the wall that are not behind the toilet.
While conventional painting implements such as rollers and paint brushes may be used on the other portions of the wall that are not behind the toilet, the toilet is typically located sufficiently close to the wall such that it is not possible to access all of the space that is behind the toilet with a conventional roller or paint brush.
To overcome this limitation, it is common to disconnect at least a portion of the toilet to facilitate painting behind the toilet. A problem with disconnecting a portion of the toilet is that it may be necessary to have the portion of the toilet disconnected by a plumber because the toilet contains water and drain lines. Any water and/or waste that inadvertently escapes from the toilet may not only cause damage to the areas that surround the toilet, but also could present a health risk.
A need exists for improvement in paint application devices. This, and other needs, are addressed by one or more aspects of the present invention.


An apparatus for restraining an assembly suspended by a structure on an offshore platform or vessel, includes a movable carrier configured for controllable movement on a structure of the platform or vessel. A restraining member is movably connected to the carrier via a joint and the restraining member includes an abutment region for abutment with at least one element of the assembly. An assembly-locking device is provided for selectively and releasably locking at least one element of the assembly to the restraining member. A restraining device for a tensioner assembly which is suspended by a structure on an offshore platform or vessel and extending into a moonpool, includes a pair of restraining apparatuses, arranged on opposite sides of the moonpool and individually movable on respective rails by a traction device in interaction with respective racks.

In the offshore petroleum industry it is well known to use tensioner systems on floating drilling rigs and other vessels, in order to maintain a pre-selected vertical tension in a marine riser extending from the rig and down to a subsea wellhead. When the vessel is heaving and rolling due to waves, currents and winds, the tensioner system will try to keep constant tension in the riser.
One type of tensioner system which is known in the art, is termed a "direct acting tensioner" (DAT) system. In a typical arrangement on a drilling vessel, a DAT system basically comprises a number of hydraulic-pneumatic cylinders suspended underneath the drill floor in a circle-symmetrical configuration above the lower deck. The cylinders' free (lower) ends are connected to a so-called tensioner ring, which may be connected to a telescopic joint which in turn is connected to the marine riser.
When the DAT system is not in use and not connected to the telescopic joint, the tensioner assembly is "parked" in a location away from the well centre, on the x-mas tree side or on the BOP side, where it does not interfere with other operation taking place above or through the moonpool. However, as the drilling rig may be moving considerably in waves and swell, the cylinders (and thus the tensioner ring) of a parked DAT system is susceptible of swinging uncontrolled back and forth, with the risk of damaging adjacent equipment—as well as the cylinders themselves—and causing harm to personnel.
Methods and means of DAT system seafastening exist, commonly employing an arrangement of wires and winches. The known systems are, however, cumbersome and time consuming to connect and activate. In addition, the prior art seafastening systems induce large, undesired, forces on the cylinders and/or packing boxes.
The uncontrolled movement of the DAT system also makes connecting the tensioner ring to the telescopic joint difficult and potentially dangerous.
Another problem with DAT systems arises when the tensioner ring is connected to the telescopic joint and the DAT system is in operation: Due to the rig motions, the hydraulic and/or pneumatic hoses extending from the control systems and to each of the tensioner cylinders are swinging about in the moonpool in an uncontrolled manner, and are often damaged.
The state of the art includes US 2010/0047024 A1 (Curtiss) which describes an apparatus to restrain a riser tensioner of an offshore drilling rig and which includes a restraint cone configured to fit within hydraulic cylinders of the riser tensioner, a hoist configured to extend and retract the restraint cone, and a tension member extending from a lower end of the restraint cone, the tension member configured to engage a lower end of the riser tensioner and maintain a wedging action between the restraint cone and the hydraulic cylinders.
The present inventor has devised and embodied this invention to overcome these shortcomings and to obtain further advantages.

Restraining device for a tensioner assembly


Various systems and methods are provided for the manufacture of sausages. In one example, a method for manufacturing sausages with a filling machine comprises ejecting a mass through a filling tube into a sausage casing ruffled on the filling tube, and exerting a brake force on the sausage casing via a sausage casing brake on a braking area of a brake ring pressing onto the sausage casing, wherein the braking area extends around a longitudinal axis of the filling tube such that the braking area presses onto a part, and not the entirety, of a circumference of the sausage casing in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and wherein the brake force is distributed in a direction along the longitudinal axis.

In some approaches to mechanical sausage production, a sausage casing is placed onto a filling tube at an end. A sausage casing brake may then be positioning at the filling tube end. Sausage casing brakes are employed to keep a sausage casing tensioned at the filling tube end when it is being filled with a mass such as sausage meat. To produce a desired sausage product, a sausage casing brake may be sensitively adjusted.
Several issues may arise in approaches to sausage production that utilize sausage casing brakes. For example, adjustment of the sausage casing brake force can be difficult because, if the brake force is too strong, regions where successive casings overlap may be pulled open. Moreover, if the brake force is excessively low, air may be stuffed into a sausage and/or the sausage may be insufficiently filled.
One approach that at least partially addresses the above issues includes a method for manufacturing sausages with a filling machine comprising ejecting a mass through a filling tube into a sausage casing ruffled on the filling tube, and exerting a brake force on the sausage casing via a sausage casing brake on a braking area of a brake ring pressing onto the sausage casing, wherein the braking area extends around a longitudinal axis of the filling tube such that the braking area presses onto a part, and not the entirety, of a circumference of the sausage casing in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and wherein the brake force is distributed in a direction along the longitudinal axis.
In this way, overlapped points of two subsequent sausage casings may be drawn off without hindrance and without pulling apart the casing parts. Further, air inclusions and insufficiently filled products may be mitigated or prevented, as a sufficient braking effect can be realized.
The above advantages and other advantages, and features of the present description will be readily apparent from the following Detailed Description when taken alone or in connection with the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that the summary above is provided to introduce in simplified form a selection of concepts that are further described in the detailed description. It is not meant to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, the scope of which is defined uniquely by the claims that follow the detailed description. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any disadvantages noted above or in any part of this disclosure. Finally, the above explanation does not admit any of the information or problems were well known.

Albert Handtmann Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG


An energy application apparatus and a method to operate at high speed that makes high usage of light. An exposure apparatus includes a laser oscillator, an optical shutter, imaging lenses, a screen, a vertical deflecting device, a horizontal deflecting device, a vertical moving device, a liquid crystal panel, and a controller. A light beam emitted from the laser oscillator passes through the optical shutter when in its open position, and is directed by the imaging lens onto the slit or pattern on the screen. After passing through the slit, the light is gradually made to converge by the imaging lens and to enter the galvanomirror. The galvanomirror deflects the beam by a predetermined angle in the vertical direction, and the deflected beam enters the galvanomirror. The galvanomirror deflects the beam by a predetermined angle in the horizontal direction. Thereafter, the beam exposes a desired location of the liquid crystal panel located on the stage to form an image thereon.

Several methods have been successfully used for controlling the orientation of liquid crystal to balance the direction of liquid crystal molecules and to extend its viewing angle characteristics. Obtaining a wider viewing angle is particularly important to a liquid crystal panel with a thin film transistor. To control the orientation of a liquid crystal, a selected portion of an organic polymer, such as polyimide, is coated on the liquid crystal cell that corresponds to a single pixel. It is then selectively exposed by a deep ultraviolet laser, having a wavelength in the range of 200 to 300 nm.
To selectively expose a predetermined portion of a liquid crystal cell, it is necessary that the exposure be patterned. By way of example, in a 10-inch VGA color display, an exposure range of about 200 mm.times.150 mm that includes a set of 480.times.640 (.times. three colors) rectangular liquid crystal cells, a portion of each liquid crystal cell, e.g., a range about 100 to 150 .mu.m in height along the upper and lower boundaries, must be selectively exposed.
Methods for applying a desired intensity of light at a selected location of such an object on a plane include:
(1) exposure methods that use a mask, such as direct exposure and projection exposure; and PA1 (2) beam exposure methods that use a raster or a vector scan device. PA1 (a) it is difficult to irradiate the overall object with light of uniform intensity; PA1 (b) for projection exposure, aberrations must be minimized over the entire object, which necessitates an advanced optical system; PA1 (c) if a high coherent light source, such as a deep ultraviolet laser is used, interference fringes are likely to occur, thereby preventing a uniform exposure; PA1 (d) since light on the portion that is not exposed is blocked by a mask, the usage of light is low if the ratio of the transmissive portion of the pattern to be drawn is small. PA1 (e) if a wide range is exposed as in a liquid panel, a large lens is required. PA1 (f) The optical materials available for use in obtaining a transmission factor that is required for light of short wavelength, such as deep ultraviolet rays, are limited to synthetic liquid crystal and fluorite. These materials are expensive and difficult to process; furthermore they cannot be formed as aspheric lenses. It is thus difficult to design a combination of lenses for minimizing aberration. PA1 (g) If an optical material other than the above described materials is used, e.g., glass, the necessary transmission factor cannot be obtained. (h) It is likewise difficult to obtain a high optical output, since the use of light over a substantial application time must be increased in addition to the transmission factor. PA1 (i) Saw-tooth waves are used as drive currents for controlling the horizontal deflection. Only the outgoing route for spot movement is used for exposure, while the incoming route, i.e., the retrace line, is not used to move the spot as rapidly as possible. PA1 (j) Since light is blocked when using an optical shutter while the portion that does not require exposing is being scanned, the use of light is limited. PA1 (k) If a wide range is exposed, the difference between the distance between a light source and the center of the object and the distance between the source and the periphery of the object may cause pincushion aberration, wherein the horizontal track of the spot is not a straight line but a curve bending toward the center.
The exposure method that uses a mask as in (1) is known to suffer from the following limitations:
In the beam exposure method in (2), a deflecting device routinely includes a polygon mirror or a galvanomirror. When scanning with a polygon mirror, a beam deflected by the mirror moves in a predetermined direction at a specific angular velocity. An f.THETA. lens commonly used in laser beam printers is focused on the object to maintain the scanning velocity of the spot on the object over a wide range of the deflection angle .THETA. from its center. This method suffers from the following drawbacks:
When scanning with a galvanomirror, a deflecting device can be placed between the lens and the object, since the angular velocity of the mirror can be controlled. This allows to regulate the angular velocity of the mirror to maintain constant the velocity of the spot on the object, without having to resort to f.THETA. lens. If the position of the focal point must vary between the middle and the periphery of the object, an actuator for moving the lens on its optical axis to adjust its focal point can be installed to solve the problem. If, on the other hand, raster scan is used, the following problems occur:

Apparatus and method for exposing a liquid panel by beam scanning

International Business Machines Corporation


A method for copying data from a source disk storage device to a destination disk storage device. In response to a copy command from a requesting host application identifying the storage locations in source and destination disk storage devices, an environment is established. Thereafter a calling system receives an immediate response that the copy operation is complete even though no data has been copied. Application programs may access storage locations in either the source or the destination disk storage device during the copy phase. A copy program transfers the date on a track-by-track basis to the storage locations in the destination disk storage device. Procedures assure that any data access to a particular track in either the source or destination disk storage devices by any application prior to the transfer of that track are accommodated to maintain data integrity.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention generally relates to data storage in data processing systems and more particularly to a method for copying data from one storage device to another storage device.
2. Description of Related Art
Copying data from one location, commonly a "source location" to a second or "destination location" is well known in the art. In some situations copying provides data redundancy. In other situations providing two or more copies enables a like number of independent applications or procedures to process the copied data independently.
In one conventional approach, as particularly well known in the use of personal computers, copying is performed on a file-by-file basis between different logical volumes or between different directories on the same logical volume. The conventional device utilizes a "copy" command that specifies a path to a source and file to be copied and a path to a destination location. The processor then copies the data from the source to the destination location. During the copy process no application can access the data at either the source location or the destination location.
In other systems involving larger and more sophisticated data storage facilities, applications may operate on multiple host processors. Such facilities often have the capability of performing copying independently of other host applications. That is, while data is being copied from a source to a destination, other programs or processes can operate on data in locations other than the source or destination file locations. However, in these systems any access to the source file or the destination file is precluded until such time the copy has been completed.
In such systems data can be identified either by physical or logical addresses. Physical addressing includes the identification of device number, a track number and a record number. Logical addressing refers to a logical volume, a file and in some instances a record. Each of these elements has a "granularity", a term of differing values. For the physical device granularity, from the coarsest to the finest granularity is ranked as a physical disk, a track, a sector and a record; in logical devices, the element ranking is logical volume, file and record.
Data processing systems have evolved into two arbitrary classes, namely: "mainframe systems" and "open systems". Generally speaking "mainframe systems" refer to larger IBM and IBM-like data processing systems with a powerful set of internal input-output commands that use CKD (Count-Key-Data) data formatting. "Open systems" refer to other data processing systems that operate with different internal input-output commands and different internal protocols and an FBA (Fixed Block Architecture).
Initially large capacity data storage devices were configured for operation with mainframe systems because at the time they were the only systems that had the power and storage capacity to handle large data sets. These systems also provided a track level of control. These systems have several ways to copy data from one location to another. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,101,497 discloses a process for obtaining a single copy of data by logical volume essentially independently of normal processing. However, this process requires a specially configured logical storage device called a BCV device.
More recently, however, open systems have become popular particularly with advances in networking and hardware capabilities. However open systems generally make copies on a file-by-file basis where one logical volume is involved. However, they do not have commands with the capability of handling data on a track-by-track basis. In recent times, the need for making single or multiple copies essentially independently of normal processing has become more desirable even in open systems. Moreover, it has become desirable to transfer entire logical volumes even to copy a subset because in open systems logical volume transfers can actually occur more quickly because it is not necessary to incur the overhead of finding data blocks associated with a single file which can be at any arbitrary position in a logical volume.
What is therefore needed is a method adapted for both mainframe systems and open systems for copying data from a source to a destination independently essentially of any processor operation with a minimal delay between the processing of a copy command initiating a copy process and the availability of both the source and destination locations for processing by different applications.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Method and apparatus for making independent data copies in a data processing system