A system for providing high connectivity communications over a packet-switched optical ring network comprises a core optical ring having at least one node, the node being coupled to a subtending system by an optical crossbar switch, a source for generating a set of packets, a stacker for forming a first composite packet from the set of serial packets, the stacker coupled to the optical crossbar switch, and the stacker further coupled to the source for generating the set of packets, the first composite packet being parallel packets in a single photonic time slot, the first composite packet to be added to the core optical ring in a vacant photonic time slot via the optical crossbar switch, a second composite packet propagating on the core optical ring destined to be dropped at the node for further distribution on the subtending system via the optical crossbar switch, an unstacker for serializing the second composite packet dropped at the node, the unstacker coupled to the optical crossbar switch and a detector for distributing the serialized packets to a further destination by the subtending system. The source for generating the set of packets may be generated, for example, serially by a tunable laser or may be generated, for example, in parallel by an array of lasers.

The capacity of WDM systems has been growing at a rate surpassing Moore's Law. Nevertheless, while telecommunication networks are evolving towards packet-switching, WDM systems still remain largely circuit-switched. Fast wavelength tunability is both a challenge and key to true packet-switched WDM networks. A tunable laser opens the possibility to connect from any WDM node to any other WDM node with a single transmitter, thus enhancing network flexibility and enabling smooth network upgrades. While tunable Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) lasers with nano-second wavelength tuning speed and fast wavelength insensitive optical switches with gigahertz responses are becoming commercially available, there seems to be no current cost-effective way to reconfigure wavelength add-drop multiplexers at an adequate speed. DBRs are a special type of laser mirror, which reflect light only in a narrow frequency band and allow tunable laser operation.
The previous work on photonic slot routing, as described in "Scalable WDM access network based on Photonic Slot Routing" by I. Chlamtac, V. Elek and C. Szabó published in IEEE Transactions on Networking, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1999, pp 1–9, implies distributed generation of packets, which implies more complicated scheduling of the packets. FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of Chlamtac's proposal. The upper ring, with packets propagating counter-clockwise, is the core optical ring 110. The lower ring, with packets propagating clockwise and which Chlamtac refers to as the segment ring, will be herein referred to as subtending ring 120. The small rectangular boxes are nodes on each ring. Nodes on the core optical ring are denoted as 105. A 2×2 switch 125 is between the core optical ring 110 and a subtending ring 120. There is a plurality of nodes on a subtending ring, and at each node 115 on the subtending ring, there is a receiver tuned to a fixed optical wavelength. Multiple tunable lasers generate packets, with each tunable laser contributing one packet at one wavelength. That is, the generation of new packets is distributed, with each node capable of generating new packets. The system proposed by Chlamtac is lossy because Chlamtac uses power splitters since there are no Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADMs), capable of operating at an adequate speed and power splitters are intrinsically lossy. That is, there is admission loss when the power splitters add channels. There is a significant under-utilization of the tunable lasers in the system proposed by Chlamtac because the lasers are used to generate only one packet at one wavelength.
There is a further necessity for the core optical ring in Chlamtac's proposed system to synchronize with a subtending ring, which is problematical in light of the optical buffers required by a subtending ring. The problem is exacerbated because there can be multiple subtending rings in the network, each of which require optical buffering. In Chlamtac's proposed system, an entire composite packet is dropped at a node on a subtending ring and the first node removes a packet (a portion of the composite packet) in which the node has an interest. The node can then add a new packet at the same wavelength or any other vacant wavelength, where a vacant wavelength is a wavelength not already present in the composite packet. If the first node of a subtending ring removes a packet of the composite packet and adds another packet to the packet, then a subsequent node on the subtending ring can read or inspect the added packet, which means that privacy is lost. This privacy loss may be unacceptable for certain applications.
The proposal described by Chlamtac also does not provide a way of dropping a part of an optical composite packet from the core ring. That is, the entire composite packet must travel around the subtending ring. Transparent bypass is a scheme where each node is transparent to those wavelengths in a packet that do not match the wavelengths present in the set of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) at the node. The concept of transparent bypass (and concomitant bandwidth re-utilization) was not disclosed by Chlamtac. Separate lasers are needed to generate different wavelengths, which means under-utilization of resources, and no implementation of the stacking means described herein was proposed. Distributed generation of packets implies a hierarchical synchronization scheme. Finally, the ability to tune the add/drop filters was not envisioned.

System for providing high connectivity communications over a packet-switched optical ring network using composite packets


The heat-curable resin composition of the present invention comprises an epoxy-containing resin and a curing agent, wherein the curing agent is cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid and/or an anhydride thereof. The heat-curable resin composition exhibits an excellent curability without using an curing accelerator and provides a colorless transparent cured product which is little discolored under high-temperature conditions and irradiation conditions of high-energy light. The heat-curable resin composition is suitable for producing coating compositions, adhesives, shaped articles, protective films for color filters and sealing materials for photosemiconductors such as blue LED and white LED.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a heat-curable resin composition and its use. The heat-curable resin composition is suitably applied to coating compositions, adhesives, shaped articles, sealing resins for photosemiconductors, or coating liquids for forming protective films of color filters of liquid crystal displays (LCD), solid-state image sensors such as charge coupled device (CCD), or electroluminescent (EL) devices, etc.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Automobile coatings, architectural coatings, and adhesives and shaped articles used in these industrial applications are required to be highly durable and have been produced from heat-curable resins capable of forming a rigid three-dimensional crosslinking structure by heating.
In recent years, color liquid crystal displays (LCD) are rapidly spread as flat panel displays for personal computers, etc. For such color LCD, color filters are essential parts for realizing full color display. In general, the color filter is provided with a protective film to cover and protect the color layers of red (R), green (G) and blue (B). The protective film is required to have sufficient hardness and adhesion property as well as excellent transparency and uniform thickness so as not to adversely affect the pixel colors. To prevent the contamination of the contacting liquid crystal, the protective film is further required to have anti-contamination properties such as passivation properties for preventing contaminants from transferring from the colored layer to liquid crystal and have insolubility to liquid crystal for preventing the protective film itself from dissolving into liquid crystal. In addition, the protective film is required to be high or good in various properties such as heat resistance, hardness, resistance to warm pure water, solvent resistance and storage stability. Also, as photosemiconductors for LCD, a high luminance blue LED and white LED have been developed and their applications have been broadened to backlights for display boards, full color displays and cellular phones, etc.
In the production of these coating compositions, adhesives, shape articles, protective films for color filters and sealing materials for photoelectric transducers such as LED, epoxy/acid anhydride curing type heat-curable resins have been used because of their excellent colorless transparency. As the curing agents for such heat-curable resins, there have been used alicyclic acid anhydrides such as methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride.
However, since the above compounds show only a low curing reactivity, a curing accelerator must be additionally used to fully cure the heat-curable resins.
As such curing accelerators, for example, triphenylphosphonium bromide (JP 2000-344868A), 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (JP 2001-114868A), ethylhexane salt of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undecene-7 (JP 2002-97251A), and tetraphenylphosphonium bromide (JP 2003-26763A) have been used.
To apply the heat-curable resin compositions to coating liquids for forming protective films of color filters or semiconductors such as blue LED and white LED, the heat-curable resin compositions must retain a good colorless transparency for a long period of time. In LCD application fields, COG (chip on glass) liquid crystal devices, etc. come to be widely used in overhead projector applications. In photosemiconductor applications, there has been made a rapid advancement in increasing the luminance of LED. Therefore, the protective films of color filters and the sealing resins come to be exposed to higher temperatures and lights of higher energy to cause discoloration (yellowing), making it difficult to maintain the colorless transparency for a long period of time. One of the causes of the discoloration (yellowing) is the change in phenyl group of the acid anhydride-based curing agent (e.g., trimellitic anhydride) contained in the heat-curable resin compositions (for example, as described in JP 2001-158816A). Therefore, the use of curing agents containing an aromatic group in their molecular structure is undesirable. In addition, the phenyl group or nitrogen component in the curing accelerators may cause the discoloration (yellowing) of the heat-curable resin compositions. Therefore, the use of the curing accelerator in coating liquids for forming protective films of color filters or sealing resins for semiconductors is also undesirable in view of maintaining a good colorless transparency of the heat-curable resin compositions.

Heat-curable resin composition and use thereof


A reclosable wiper blade package for holding a beam-type wiper blade having a wiper blade adapter-receiving cradle of a blade receiving cavity formed in one of a pair of package halves that is configured for snap fit engagement with an adapter of the wiper blade releasably retained in the blade receiving cavity. The cradle can also be configured to locate and orient arms of the wiper blade so they engage a corresponding blade arm seat in a substantially straightened condition orienting the blade on its side. One or both package halves are formed with elongate ribs that can define package sidewalls that can even form at least part of the blade receiving cavity that can have spaced apart rib-strengthening gussets where rib width is narrowed or constricted.

Pre-curved beam-type windshield or windscreen wiper blades continue to grow in popularity throughout the United States and the world. Beam-type wiper blades have an elongate beam, typically made of a relatively thin generally rectangular strip of metal, which is substantially continuously curved during manufacture to impart a corresponding substantially continuous curve to an elastomeric, e.g., rubber, wiping element extending outwardly from the beam. Imparting such a substantially continuous curve to the wiping element causes the wiping element to make more uniform contact with a vehicle windshield or windscreen during wiper operation improving the squeegee action of the wiper blade.
Pre-curved beam-type wiper blades offer significant improvement over other types of wiper blades including infinite pressure points offer uniform contact, lower profile which minimizes view obstruction, improved aerodynamics with less windlift, and they are specifically engineered for highly curved windshields. Overall, pre-curved beam-type wiper blades maximum performance and durability in all weather conditions.
Numerous challenges have been encountered in making packages that hold pre-curved beam-type wiper blades. One challenge resulted from the pre-curve of beam-type wiper blades having a greater transverse width than previous conventional articulating framework wiper blades. To minimize package volume and maximize retail display package density, thermoformed reclosable packages have been produced that hold pre-curved beam-type wiper blades in a partially or substantially straightened condition. These packages have a cover for covering a blade-holding cavity formed in a blade-retaining package panel configured to receive the beam-type wiper blade.
Another challenge relates to protecting the wiping element while in the package. Due to the curvature of the beam and the relatively fragile nature of the rubber wiping element, the wiping element can become warped or distorted if it comes into contact with the. When this happens, the outer tip or squeegee edge of the wiping element may be unable to make substantially continuous contact with a vehicle windshield when the wiper blade is installed, causing streaking to occur during operation. Another challenge relates to keeping the beam-type wiper blade in a fixed position while in the package without applying pressure to the wiping element. Should either of these occur with a brand new beam-type wiper blade taken right out of the package, customer expectations are not met which can also adversely affect future wiper blade purchasing decisions.
Yet another challenge in beam-type wiper blade packaging is lowering manufacturing costs by forming the package with as little material as possible while still providing a sturdy structure capable of retaining the beam-type wiper blade in a fixed position while in the package without applying pressure to the wiping element.
While known reclosable wiper blade packages have enjoyed substantial commercial success, improvements nonetheless remain desirable. For example, achieving the desired draw ratio of the blade-holding cavity can be a challenge, particularly with narrower beam-type wiper blades. Even where the desired draw ratio can be achieved, it can still be desirable to provide greater clearance between the wiping element and the package to help prevent contact therebetween.
What is therefore needed is an improved reclosable wiper blade package that better protects the wiping element of a beam-type wiper blade by providing greater clearance between the wiping element and the package. What is also needed is a reclosable wiper blade package that is particularly well suited for narrower beam-type wiper. What is also needed is a package design capable of providing adequate structural rigidity while still minimizing the thickness of the package.


The Dorsal Night Splint orthosis for human wearers includes a substantially rigid upright member consisting of an upper portion and a lower portion. When placed upon the foot of the wearer, said upper portion proceeds downward from approximately beneath the knee to the lower portion which terminates at the top of the foot. The lower portion is further defined by two opposed ankle splints. Said opposed ankle splints extend downward on each side of the ankle and wrap around, overlap and terminate at the Plantar aspect of the foot. A flexible member is positioned between the wearer and the upright member to provide padding for extended wearing of the device. The device is fastened to the wearer by one or more Velcro straps. When correctly placed upon the foot, the heel and the attachment of the Achilles tendon, as well as the wearer's toes, remain exposed. This device is designed to be a supplemental form of treatment that, when worn at night or during extended periods of inactivity can, in conjunction with traditional treatment, significantly reduces the recovery time in the treatment of plantar fasciitis, acute ankle sprains, achilles tendon repair, foot drop, or any other condition or injury that would cause heel cord/Achilles tendon shortening in patients during periods of bed rest or when ankle immobilization is desired.

(1) Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a supplemental treatment for Plantar Fasciitis, Acute ankle sprains, acute gastrocnemius strains, achilles tendon repair, injury, foot drop, or any other condition or injury that would cause heel cord/Achilles tendon shortening in patients during periods of bed rest or when ankle immobilization is desired. The subject invention promotes and speeds the healing process when used in conjunction with more traditional treatments.
(2) Description of the Prior Art
In the general area of orthotic splints, prior art has been developed mostly in the area of walking type splints wherein inventors have concentrated on the development of such splints or braces which may be worn by the human in a concealed manner by being placed inside of the trousers and installed into conventional type non-orthotic shoes. Such representative type devices are: U.S. Pat. No. 4,559,934 to Phillip dated Dec. 24, 1985, U.S. Pat. No. 5,219,324 to Hall dated June 15, 1993, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,504,668 to Boudon dated Apr. 7, 1970.
The instant invention is meant to be worn at night or periods of rest wear the wearer is not placing pressure or weight on the effected foot/ankle. Prior art in this area is represented by U.S. Pat. No. 5,399,155 to Strassburg et al. dated Mar. 21, 1995. This device is designed to accomplish substantially the same results as the subject invention; however, it is our belief that the subject invention has some distinctive advantages.
The Strassburg device is for the most part a sock with a tensioner type strap attached to the toe and upper portion thereof The tension placed on the ankle may be varied by lengthening or shortening said tension strap. Many wearers have complained that this type of device is uncomfortable when sleeping with bed linen or covers over the effected foot due to the weight of the covers exerting a downward force upon said tension strap thereby placing a surplus of weight upon the effected ankle. During the summer months of the year or in any particularly warm climate (or in cases where bed linens are placed over the device) the wearing of the sock proved too warm for the wearer. The design of the Strassburg device also does little to prevent the side to side motion of the foot in relation to the ankle. The aforementioned design also does not allow for the foot to be positioned and retained at an exact posture due to the flexible nature of the tension strap.
The subject invention addresses and solves the aforementioned problems of the Strassburg device and like devices. The subject invention provides for a predetermined positive displacement of the foot in relation to the ankle. The wearer does not have to wear any type of sock or undergarment when wearing the subject invention thereby alleviating the heat problem associated with the Strassburg device. The subject invention also allows the posterior side of the lower leg, ankle, foot, and toes to remain substantially exposed while being worn. This substantial exposure provides the wearer with an effective compact device which allows the wearer to enjoy substantial freedom of movement of the effected extremity while still maintaining the desired immobilizing effect.
The subject invention, when worn as prescribed, places the plantar aproneurosis in an immobilized position. While this immobilized position is not sufficient to create to lengthening effect on the aproneurosis, it is of sufficient force so as to prevent it from contracting. This is achieved by holding the ankle and forefoot joints in a position of slight dorsiflexion and preventing the ankle and forefoot joints from adopting a position of plantarflexion. In this way, the plantar aproneurosis is not allowed to contract during the period that the subject invention is being worn. The effect is that after removal of the subject invention by the wearer, and upon bearing weight on the effected foot, the plantar aproneurosis will not be placed in pathologic tension thus reducing and/or eliminating pain. The subject invention may also be utilized to immobilize the ankle for any diagnosis or condition where a neutral position is desired.


A truncated cone shaped holder with a serrated top opening receives and grips any size bottle around the neck with opposing support tabs. The broad cone surface imprinted with a logo covers a substantial portion of the bottle. A bracket with a protruding hook connects to the base of the cone with a living hinge. A pin may connect the cone to the bracket to maintain the bracket in a vertical orientation. The holder hooks onto a belt, waistband, bicycle cable, vehicle window, desk handle or other element. The bottle is released by squeezing in two opposing sides of the base of the cone to widen the top opening and release the support tabs from the bottle neck. Alternately pull tabs on the support tabs release the bottle. The holder may be formed in one piece by molding flexible plastic. The hook bracket lays flat for stacking the units for shipping and storing.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to portable bottle holding devices and in particular to a hook supported bottle holder with a bottle-neck grip and a logo.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A number of concerns and trends have brought about an unprecedented widespread use of portable bottles carried around with people. The current major interest in fitness activity and its related liquid intake requirement prompts runners, bikers, skateboarders, hikers, and other active people outdoors to carry a water bottle with them. A general concern about the availability of pure drinking water has also prompted many people to carry their own water with them in their daily activities. Environmentally concerned individuals often carry their own empty bottles with them to use in place of disposable cups normally provided with take-out drink orders. In addition, people engaged in recreational activity at beaches, parks, tourist sites, or other outdoor locations often buy bottles of soda, water, or other liquid refreshment to enjoy as thirst quenchers in their activities. There is an associated problem in all of these cases in terms of what to do with the bottle while engaged in activities requiring the use of the hands.
Another widespread activity is the use of advertising, particularly on articles of clothing and especially on athletic clothing and accessories. Companies promoting individual athletes or teams or particular sporting events always provide clothing or accessories bearing the company name.
While there have been a number of devices attached to the body for holding cups (U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,380,635; 4,708,273), cans (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,993,611; 5,048,734; Des 276,760); thermos bottles (U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,369,723; 4,848,625) and belt attached holders for a variety of other items (U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,464,659; 4,120,434), many of them are somewhat complex and none provide for holding the necks of bottles which are uniform in size for a wide variety of bottle types and quantities. In addition none provide a major advertising function.

Bottle holder with bottle-neck grip and logo

224
FSC 215
FSC 248
FSC D 3
FSC D 7
FSC D24


An apparatus and method for efficiently transferring a plurality of segmented data with various sizes. An address translation storage unit stores an address translation table which provides a plurality of translation descriptor domains to support a plurality of translation step sizes. Depending on the segment size of each data block to be transferred, a translation descriptor domain selection unit chooses a suitable translation descriptor domain within the address translation table. Data segment mapping is then performed with translation descriptors in the selected translation descriptor domain.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for transferring data between address spaces having different structures, as well as to a computer-readable medium storing a computer program therefor. More particularly, the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for transferring data in such an environment where the source and destination address spaces are organized by a plurality of various-sized segments. The invention also relates to a computer-readable medium storing a data transfer program which causes a computer to function as the above apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
When transferring data between differently structured address spaces (e.g., computer main memory, input and output channels, external mass storage), it is necessary to properly associate a given source area with its corresponding destination area. To this end, computer systems generally use an address translation table to map one address space to another.
FIG. 11 illustrates a conventional address mapping method. In this example, an address translation table 103 describes how to associate a p-bit wide address space 101 with a q-bit wide address space 102. The two address spaces 101 and 102 are each divided into a plurality of segments with a size of a1. These segments constituting the address spaces 101 and 102 are designated by their respective index numbers xe2x80x9c1-0xe2x80x9d to xe2x80x9c1-nxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9c2-0xe2x80x9d to xe2x80x9c2-n.xe2x80x9d The address translation table 103 contains a plurality of table entries 103a, which describe how to translate addresses within each segment of the size a1. These table entries have their index numbers xe2x80x9c3-0xe2x80x9d to xe2x80x9c3-n,xe2x80x9d similarly to the address spaces 101 and 102.
Each entry of the address translation table 103 is associated with a particular segment of the address space 102, permitting a given segment in the address space 101 to be mapped to its corresponding part of the address space 102. Take the table entry 103a of index xe2x80x9c3-j,xe2x80x9d for example. Besides storing the index value i of the segment 101a, this table entry 103a is associated with a segment 102a of index xe2x80x9c2-jxe2x80x9d in the address space 102. This setup of the table entry 103a enables the segments 101a to be mapped to the segment 102a.
The conventional address mapping method is, however, not efficient enough because of its lack of flexibility in handling uneven segment sizes. As previously stated, the conventional method only supports a single segment type. Although the data to be transferred may actually include some blocks that are larger than others, the conventional method cannot handle them as a bulk segment, because the step size of address translation is not allowed to exceed the greatest common divisor of such different block sizes.
Suppose, for example, that the source address space has two portions with different segment sizes a1 and (a1xs), where s is an integer, and data is to be transferred from these two portions to another address space. In this situation, the translation step size of the address translation table must be chosen from among the common divisors of a1 and (a1xs). That is, the translation step size cannot exceed a1, the greatest common divisor of the two segment sizes. Since a mapping occurs at every segment of the size a1, the related hardware and software mechanisms are triggered s times as frequently as in the case where the segment size is (a1xs), being unable to enjoying the advantage of the large source data blocks.
Taking the above into consideration, an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus which efficiently transfers a plurality of data segments with different sizes.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method which efficiently transfers a plurality of data segments with different sizes.
To accomplish the first object, according to the present invention, there is provided a data transfer apparatus which transfers data from a first address space to a second address space, where the first and second address spaces are different in data structure. This data transfer apparatus comprises the following elements: an address translation table storage unit, a base address register, a boundary location register, a translation step size register, a translation descriptor domain selector, and a data segment association unit.
The address translation table storage unit stores an address translation table which is organized by a plurality of translation descriptor domains to support a plurality of translation step sizes. The base address register stores base addresses of a plurality of portions of the second address space which are corresponding to the plurality of translation descriptor domains. The boundary location register stores the boundary location of each translation descriptor domain. The translation step size register stores the translation step size that is supported in each translation descriptor domain. The translation descriptor domain selector selects one of the translation descriptor domains that is suitable for mapping a given data segment in the first address space. The data segment association unit associates that data segment in the first address space with another data segment in the second address space, according to the translation step size supported in the translation descriptor domain selected by the translation descriptor domain selector.
To accomplish the second object, according to the present invention, there is provided a method of transferring data from a first address space to a second address space, where the first and second address spaces are different in data structure. This method comprising the following steps: (a) storing an address translation table which is organized by a plurality of translation descriptor domains to support a plurality of translation step sizes; (b) storing base addresses of a plurality of portions of the second address space which are corresponding to the plurality of translation descriptor domains; (c) storing boundary locations of the plurality of translation descriptor domains; (d) storing translation step sizes that are respectively supported in the plurality of translation descriptor domains; (e) selecting one of the translation descriptor domains that is suitable for mapping a data segment in the first address space; and (f) associating the data segment in the first address space with another data segment in the second address space, according to the translation step size supported in the selected translation descriptor domain.
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention by way of example.

Apparatus and method for transferring data between address spaces with different segment lengths


A lead wire of a motor is prevented from being damaged, and the reliability of an electric compressor is enhanced. The electric compressor 1 is provided with a division wall 80b which divides a discharge chamber 62 and a connection space 65 which connects a sealed terminal 90 and a lead wire 5c of a motor 5. With this configuration, it is possible to prevent discharge gas from directly flowing into the connection space 65, and to prevent the discharge gas from flowing into a wire passage 64 through which the lead wire 5c is passed. Therefore, vibration of lead wire 5c caused by gas pulse can be suppressed, the lead wire can be prevented from being damaged, and the reliability of the electric compressor can be enhanced.

In a conventional compressor of this kind, there is a conventional technique to lead out a lead wire of a motor toward a sealed terminal by cutting an outer periphery of a compressing mechanism to form a notch, and then, using a communication passage for refrigerant provided between the notch and a container as a wire passage for leading out a lead wire (e.g., see patent document 1).
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a conventional vertical type electric compressor. FIG. 4 is a plan view of the electric compressor shown in FIG. 3.
In FIG. 3, compressed refrigerant discharged to a discharge chamber 103 from a discharge hole 102 of a compressing mechanism 101 passes through a descending communication passage 104 formed in the compressing mechanism 101 and enters into a lower motor space 105, passes through an ascending communication passage 107 provided between a hermetic container 106 and a notch formed by notching the compressing mechanism 101, enters into an upper sealed terminal-side space 108, and is discharged from a discharge tube 109.
In FIG. 4, a sealed terminal 110 and a motor 111 are electrically connected to each other through a lead wire 112 passing through the ascending communication passage 107. That is, the ascending communication passage 107 for refrigerant is also used as a wire passage.
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2001-020865

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


An alarm device with cross-bar that includes a telescoping cross-bar having a spring tensioning mechanism; an alarming circuit having a pair of contact points extending out from a contact point end of the cross bar; and a contact bracket, sized to detachably hold the contact point end of the cross-bar, having a moveable contact plate constructed from an electrically conductive material provided thereon in a manner such that both of the contact points of the alarm circuit contact the moveable contact plate when the contact end of the cross-bar is held by the contact bracket. The moveable contact plate is preferably pivotally supported from a central point. In a preferred embodiment the alarm circuit of the alarm device further includes a key-strip upon which a preselected deactivation code must be entered to turn off the alarm device after activation of the audible alarm.

Many individuals feel that need to provide increased security to their dwellings by providing an alarm mechanism that activates an audible alarm when an intruder enters the dwelling through a door or window. It would be a benefit, therefore, to have an alarm device having a cross-bar that could be placed across a window or door opening that would block the window or door sufficiently to require dislodgement of the cross-bar before any intruder could enter the dwelling and that emitted an audible alarm when dislodged to warn occupants of the dwelling that an intruder was attempting to enter the dwelling.


A component carrying tray is removably mounted in a luminaire housing. The luminaire housing has a pair of thumb screws that fit in a pair of key holes shaped opening in the tray so the tray can be removed with one hand. To disengage the tray, a maintenance person simply loosens the thumb screws one quarter turn to align them with the holes, lifts the tray off the thumb screws with one hand, and then pulls the tray out of luminaire housing.

This invention relates to an outdoor luminaire having an easily removable component carrying tray to facilitate maintenance of the luminaire.
Luminaires generally have a ballast/transformer and a capacitor to boost the line voltage. In addition, other electrical components are sometimes also provided. From time to time the components require replacement. Since the luminaires are usually mounted on poles, they can not be accessed from the ground. Maintenance of the luminaires is thus a difficult and sometimes dangerous task.


A method and a system is disclosed for managing distribution of computer-executable program threads between a plurality of central processing units (CPUs) administered by an operating system in a multi-CPU computer system having a plurality of memory caches shared amongst the CPUs. The method includes assigning the CPUs to a plurality of CPU-groups of a predetermined group-size, selecting a CPU-group form the CPU-groups, setting a predetermined threshold for the selected CPU-group, and affinitizing a program thread to the selected CPU-group based on the predetermined threshold wherein the operating system distributes the program threads among the CPU-groups based on the affinitizing. In this way, the memory access time delays associated with the transfer of data amongst the CPU-groups can be advantageously reduced while the ability to more effectively utilize the total number of available CPUs in the processing of the program threads is advantageously increased.

Computers and computer based systems are in widespread use today, ranging from desktop personal computers to global and sophisticated computer networked systems which provide the backbone for today's World Wide Web. As a result, computers form an integral part of today's modern society.
Computers have been developed in a wide variety of electronic manufacturing and system architecture configurations, depending upon the intended use. At the core of each computer is a central processing unit (CPU) that performs the processing of program data and instructions necessary for the execution of a desired task. A CPU communicates with memory units comprised of random access memory (RAM) in main memory or cache memories during the execution of a desired task, called a "program" by practitioners of the art. Cache memories typically provide each CPU (or, less commonly, groups of CPUs) with a higher-speed copy of selected portions of the data in main memory. The memory units are used to store and retrieve a program's data and instructions during its execution. Generally, execution of most programs requires millions of memory accesses between a CPU and the memory units. The speed with which a memory unit can provide access to the data for a CPU can therefore greatly affect the overall performance of a computer. As the processing speed of the CPUs steadily increases, the need for faster delivery of data to a CPU from its memory units becomes increasingly important. Consequently, modern CPU architectures typically implement a hierarchy of caches starting with a very small and extremely fast first-level cache, and adding n-level caches that are progressively slower, but able to hold more program data and instructions.
Currently, methods for reducing the delay time associated with accessing data in memory units are based on a combination of memory access speed and proximity of each of the memory units with respect to the CPU. Cache (faster) memory units, can be placed closer to the CPU than main (slower) memory because of their smaller size and because typically only some, and not all, of the CPUs in the system need to access a single cache. In fact, caches are frequently placed inside the CPU unit to minimize the distance between the CPU and the cache. Two factors necessitate access to main memory: First cache memory can generally store less data than main memory and therefore it cannot accommodate all the program data and instructions required for the execution of a typical task. When there is not enough available memory space in cache memory, some of the program data and instructions contained in cache need to be relocated (or "evicted") to make available memory space for accommodating of new program data and instructions. Second, because a cache memory may not be accessible to all the CPUs in a multiple CPU system, any portions of its data that a particular CPU has modified need to be written back to main memory before they can be accessed by any other of the CPUs which do not share the same cache. Minimizing these two factors can result in substantial improvements in the overall computer performance.
To minimize the amount of cache eviction and to therefore maximize the effectiveness of cache memory, various well known techniques are used to estimate the program data and instructions most frequently accessed by a CPU in a given time interval, so that these data can be retained on the faster cache units. The general underlying principle of these techniques is that computer programs tend to access small portions of their data and instructions, which fit in the cache, during a given time interval. The first time a program accesses its data and instruction, the data and instructions are loaded into the cache and can be accessed rapidly thereafter. When a CPU proceeds to the execution of another sub-program, the pertinent new program data and instructions are also loaded into the cache from main memory for faster access. In this way, a CPU needs to access data in main memory only once in any small interval of time. When the cache becomes full, special hardware evicts (i.e. overwrites) the least-recently used instructions and data in the cache. Thus, the longer the time since the last access to a given portion memory, the less likely it is that the data will later be found in the cache.
Modern computer systems utilize CPU "time-slicing" techniques to simulate concurrent processing of multiple tasks, such as those by different users. Time slicing techniques execute a portion of a first task in a CPU for fraction of a second, before interrupting the CPU and instructing it to execute a second task. This process continues from one task to the next until the first task once again gets a turn to execute. Each subsequent task overwrites some of the first task's data and instructions in the cache, so that when the first task returns for execution, little or none of its program data and instructions may still be in the cache, and must therefore be "reloaded" into the cache from the relatively slower main memory.
As described above, because a cache memory may not be accessible to all the CPUs in a multiple CPU system, any portions of its data that a particular CPU has modified need to be written back to main memory before they can be accessed by any other of the CPUs which do not share the same cache. This factor becomes particularly evident on multiple CPU computer systems. In such computer systems, the operating system makes multiple CPUs available for the execution of tasks, which are typically divided amongst a number of CPUs for faster overall processing. One such multi-CPU environment is the Symmetrical Multi-Processor environment (SMP) in which multiple CPUs share a single main memory. In SMP systems when two or more CPUs need to access the contents of the same portion of main memory, they must take turns doing so, thus reducing the effectiveness of SMP for faster processing. Another multi-CPU environment is a NuMA™ environment in which each of several groups of CPUs has direct access to a predetermined subset of main memory. In a NuMA™ environment, CPUs in one group do not have direct access to memory units of another Group of CPUs, as in a SMP. Consequently, while this approach reduces competition among CPUs for a main memory location, it limits the number of CPUs that can work efficiently on a single task.
In a third approach, known as Cellular Multi-Processor (CMP) architecture, all CPUs share a single main memory (as in an SMP environment), but take advantage of special memory caches, known as third-level caches (TLC), which are shared amongst a group (called a "subpod") of CPUs. The TLC provides a large cache that can store much more program data and instructions. Because TLCs are shared among a group CPUs, such as a group of four CPUs, other CPUs in the same group can share data in the cache, resulting in more efficient use of the cache.
As with any cache, the performance improvements CMP gains from the use of TLC depends on program data and instructions staying in cache as long as possible. In a multiple-CPU system, a task often has an opportunity to run on a different CPU instead of waiting for the CPU on which it was last executed to become available. The benefits of switching to another CPU, however, can be detrimentally and often substantially reduced by the added delay associated with the reloading all of the task's program data and instructions into a different cache. For this reason, a system's performance may improve if tasks are discouraged from frequently switching CPUs. Likewise, in a CMP environment, system performance may improve if tasks are discouraged from switching from the CPUs of one Group of CPUs (such as a subpod) to the CPUs of another group of CPUs. This is because in a CMP system, all the CPUs in a Group of CPUs share a common TLC, and in the event the task switched to another CPU in the same Group of CPUs the task's data and instructions do not need to be reloaded from one TLC to another TLC.
Another benefit of restricting task switching between subpods in a CMP environment becomes most evident whenever a task splits itself into two or more concurrent sub-tasks called program threads, or, simply, threads. Program threads are sub-tasks that can be performed concurrently with only occasional need to communicate their results to one another. When threads do need to communicate, they often do so through a pre-designated memory location. If the threads that share such a pre-designated memory location are allowed to execute on CPUs in different subpods, then every access to that memory location must be carefully coordinated because one CPU may have altered the contents of the memory in its own TLC, and such a change would not be visible to the other thread on the other TLC without such coordination. Such coordination among TLCs, however, is time-consuming, and during which time some CPUs may sit idle while waiting for the TLCs to determine which CPU will be allowed to modify the data.
One existing approach to the foregoing problem is to use task affinitization, wherein a task (and all its program threads) is "affinitized" to a Group of CPUs (in this case, a subpod). In other words, a task affinitized to a Group of CPUs is executed only within that Group of CPUs. While this approach may reduce the time delays associated with the transfer of data amongst the TLC of different Group of CPUs, it restricts the execution of a task or tasks to a particular Group of CPUs (which is necessarily less than the total number of available CPUs in the system) and therefore compromises the benefits of having multiple CPUs.
An ongoing need thus exists in a CMP system to minimize the sharing of data between program threads executing on CPUs in different Group of CPUs, and to increase the number of available CPUs available for executing a given task's program threads.

Method and system for managing distribution of computer-executable program threads between central processing units in a multi-central processing unit computer system


Sliding bearings for chocks (11) in back-up rolls (12) under load, the back-up rolls (12) cooperating with the respective working rolls (112) and being able to perform crossed displacement in a four-high rolling mill stand for the hot rolling of sheet and/or large plate, the chocks (11) cooperating on the outside with organs to transmit the load from the rolls to the stationary housing (21) and organs to regulate the gap between the working rolls (112), these organs comprising millscrews, hydraulic capsules (13), spacers, etc., the bearings comprising a revolving bearing with conical, truncated cone or barrel-shaped rollers arranged in an intermediate contact position between a lower sliding element, attached to the chock, and an upper sliding element solid with the relative organs to transmit the load, the top or the smaller base of the rollers facing the chock opposite the one with which they are associated, the rollers being disposed radially to define a circular section the center of which is defined by the vertical projection of the center of rotation of the relative back-up roll.

This invention concerns sliding bearings for chocks in rolling mill stands with crossed displacement of the rolls under load.
The sliding bearings are applied in cooperation with the chocks of the four-high rolling mill stands to produce hot rolled sheet and/or large plate which include the crossed displacement of the rolls also during the hot rolling cycle.
The state of the art covers four-high rolling mill stands which comprise two opposed working rolls associated with relative back-up rolls with the function of limiting the bending of the working rolls during the rolling step.
Moreover the state of the art also covers rolling techniques which include the reciprocal pair crossing of both pairs of rolls or at least the crossed displacement of the working rolls alone.
These techniques make it possible to control more accurately the profile of the rolled product and therefore more generally to obtain products of a higher quality.
At the present time the pair crossing movements are carried out during the resting stage between the rolling of two successive slabs; this is necessary because of the considerable thrust forces transmitted by the rolls during the passage of the rolled product which make this displacement practically impossible during the rolling step.
These thrust forces generate friction between the chocks of the upper and lower back-up rolls and the respective organs, such as millscrews, hydraulic actuator capsules, spacers, etc., which discharge the rolling force onto the housing of the rolling mill stand.
This friction contrasts the pair crossing movement.
The introduction of continuous rolling of sheet or large plate, with welding of the ends of the individual slabs, has highlighted this problem of the pair crossing of rolls, which in this case must necessarily take place also during the processing step.
To carry out pair crossing in rolling mill stands such as those known to the state of the art is in fact extremely difficult and inaccurate because of the above-mentioned friction which contrasts the crossing movements; this causes disfunctions and/or damage in the rolling assembly, it causes products of an inferior quality to be obtained, wear in the components which are in reciprocal contact, high powers in play and a whole series of other disadvantages.
Various solutions have therefore been proposed to solve the problem of moving the rolls under load with respect to the relative chocks, but these solutions have not been able to solve the problem efficiently.
JP 57-193211 teaches to use sliding bearings suitable to reduce the friction between the supporting chocks of the back-up rolls and the corresponding equalizer beams on which the adjustment means of the stand act.
The equalizer beams make the structure of the stand heavy, and also make the conventional operations of adjusting the rolls and transmitting the rolling load less precise.
The sliding bearings consist of a series of cylindrical rollers arranged parallel to each other and separated in such a manner as to cover substantially the entire width of the relative chock.
This parallel arrangement of the cylindrical rollers, and their cylindrical shape itself, causes a high level of rubbing on the horizontal plane, both between the cylindrical rollers and the chock and also between the cylindrical rollers and the stationary housing; on the one hand this makes the pair crossing adjustment very imprecise and on the other hand it requires high forces of thrust to be used. Moreover the cylindrical rollers are subjected to anomalous stress, with localised and disuniform overloads.
GB-A-2141959 describes friction-reducing means interposed between the chock and the housing and not between the chock and the means to adjust the rolls.
The friction-reducing means can include, in the various solutions proposed, limiting plates inside which a fluid is made to circulate, a series of cylindrical rollers arranged parallel to each other on the width of the relative chock and a series of pads made of high resistance elastic material, for example rubber or similar.
In the first case, the plates to limit the fluid cause problems if the rolling stand includes systems to adjust the rolls and to transmit the load placed between the housing and the chock.
Moreover, they create problems of sliding friction and therefore of wear caused by rubbing between the parts in reciprocal movement.
The system with parallel cylindrical rollers has the same problems as those mentioned above with regard to JP'211, while the system with elastic pads does not guarantee a sufficient reduction in the friction, given the extremely high forces of thrust which act between the housing and the chock when the rolls are under load.
JP 06-269812 does not refer to a four-high stand and includes friction-reducing means between the supporting chock of the working rolls and the stationary housing. These means consist of two plates arranged in contact with each other defining small chambers into which fluid under pressure is fed.
The surface of the parts in contact is very large, and this causes a minimum reduction of the friction, and premature wear; moreover, a great force of thrust is required due to the sliding friction which develops between the two parts in reciprocal movement.
The Research Disclosure n.degree.. 293, September 1988, simply describes the introduction of lubricating fluid into pads located between the hydraulic capsules and the relative chocks, but this solution does not solve any of the above-mentioned problems.
JP 04-55004 describes the use of cylindrical bearings consisting of a plurality of small rollers of very reduced diameter arranged radially with their axis lying on the radius of the circumference where the centre is the point of rotation of the chock.
This solution, although it improves on the solution with the cylindrical rollers arranged parallel, does not completely solve the problems which derive from using small cylindrical rollers which in any case cause horizontal rubbing of the parts in reciprocal movement precisely because of the cylindrical shape of the friction-reducing rollers.
Moreover, this solution involves complex construction, assembly and adjustment, and also keeps wide areas without rollers, with a high concentration of loads, which concentration is accentuated by the small size of the rollers themselves.
Moreover, this document also proposes using an equalizer plate placed between the chock and the housing.
For this reason, it does not solve the problems of decreased accuracy of the crossover movements, the need to use extremely high displacement forces, and the premature wear of the parts in reciprocal contact.

Sliding bearings for chocks in rolling mill stands with crossed displacement of the rolls under load


A direct acting hydraulic tappet including a one piece body shell having an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder and a plurality of integral axially extending webs that connect the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder. A cam face member is attached to one end of the body. An oil hole extends from the outer surface of the outer cylinder through one of the webs to an inner surface of the inner cylinder. The hydraulic lash compensating unit is positioned in the inner cylinder. The body shell is made from an extruded length of aluminum and is preferably coated with a Teflon impregnated anodized coating. The cam face is made of steel, cast iron or ceramic and is attached to the one end of the body shell by electromagnetic deformation or by the use of adhesive.

Existing direct acting tappets consist of an outer cylinder which is held in a bore in the cylinder head. It is contacted on one end by the camshaft and on the other by the valve. It is allowed to slide axially within the bore, translating the rotary motion of the camshaft into axial motion to the valve. The inside of this outer cylinder is large enough in diameter to surround the engine valve spring.
They also contain an inner cylinder which holds a miniature hydraulic lash compensating element. These two cylinders are connected using a radial cross member which is roughly perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. This cross member effectively closes off the area between the two cylinders on either end. This can be done using one or two pieces, and is normally done using a low cost material.
A wear resistant cap is then affixed to the end of the part facing the camshaft. In some applications the camface is integral with the outer cylinder and the perpendicular cross member is integral with the inner cylinder and is attached to the outer cylinder. In other designs the inner and outer cylinders are integral with an attached camface cap. In other designs the cylinder extends past the perpendicular cross member and captures the cap which is supported on the cross member.
The joining methods for such tappets include welding, brazing, and staking (mechanical deformation). Because of the difficulty in joining steel to aluminum, proposed aluminum designs for this shell have been of the type using a perpendicular cross member which extends between the lash adjuster and the camface. The camface is simply held in place by the outer cylinder and the valve spring preload.
Engine oil is supplied to the hydraulic lash compensating unit through a cavity or reservoir between the outer and inner cylinders. This cavity is bounded by the camface on one end and by the perpendicular cross member on the other. This cavity is filled from a hole in the outer cylinder which is in contact with pressurized engine oil. The outer cylinder is either coated or heat treated to prevent wear from contact with bore in cylinder head.
In such tappets a major disadvantage is that the body of the tappet must be machined or cast in order to provide the perpendicular portion. Other disadvantages of the hydraulic tappets is that they are heavy, costly to manufacture, have multiple pieces, and are noisy in operation.
Among the objectives of the present invention are to provide a direct acting hydraulic tappet and a method of manufacturing which is lighter; lower in cost; easier to manufacture; quiet in stop-start tests; which can use a steel or cast iron camface; and which can be made of aluminum.
In accordance with the invention, a direct acting hydraulic tappet including a one piece body shell having an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder and a plurality of integral axially extending webs that connect the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder. A cam face member is attached to one end of the body. An oil hole extends from the outer surface of the outer cylinder through one of the webs to an inner surface of the inner cylinder. The hydraulic lash compensating unit is positioned in the inner cylinder. The body shell is made from an extruded length of aluminum and is preferably coated with a Teflon impregnated anodized coating. The cam face is made of steel, cast iron or ceramic and is attached to the one end of the body shell by electromagnetic deformation or by the use of adhesive.

Sealed Power Technologies Limited Partnership


A single-sided three-way indexable milling insert for 90° shoulder milling operations, includes a positive basic shape, a rake surface, a peripheral surface including side abutment surfaces, a base bearing surface and a screw hole connecting the rake and base bearing surfaces. The insert has three main cutting edges which lie along an imaginary equilateral triangle. A material volume VF of the cutting insert and a void volume VS of the insert's screw hole fulfill the condition VS/VF≥0.30.

For the purposes of the present invention, end mills can be theoretically divided into two general groups, namely insert-mills and solid end mills.
Insert-mills are milling tools which comprise tool holders with pockets and replaceable inserts, typically indexable, configured to be mounted in the pockets. An advantage of insert-mills is that the replaceable inserts, which are made of comparatively expensive, harder, material constitutes a relatively small portion of the milling tool. The tool holders comprise a shank which is held securely by a collet or chuck during milling.
Unlike insert-mills which regularly require replacement of small inserts and less regularly require replacement of the tool holder, solid end mills comprise integrally formed teeth and the entire solid end mill is replaced after it is worn. Solid end mills also comprise an integrally formed shank which is held securely by a collet or chuck during milling. Accordingly, solid end mills utilize far more comparatively expensive material than insert-mills. Despite the comparatively higher cost, one of the advantages of solid end mills over insert-mills is that the solid end mill's single integrally formed body can be manufactured with a comparatively smaller diameter (typically less than 20 mm diameter, with smaller diameters being more popular, e.g., at about 12 mm diameter or less) allowing milling in relatively smaller locations than is possible or practical with insert-mills.
Accordingly, the present invention is directed to inserts and insert mills that have a range of design features that make them functionally and economically competitive with solid end mills at tool cutting diameters (also referred to as "cutting diameter(s)") of 20 mm and less, particularly in the range of 9 to 16 mm. More particularly, in the range of 9 to 12 mm.
A publication of interest is US 2015/0202697, which discloses a three-way indexable insert and tool holder for 90° shoulder milling. It is noted therein, in paragraph [0006], that 90° shoulder milling directs most of the cutting force in the radial direction, in which tool rigidity is low, and, in paragraph [0007], that reduction of the size of the cutting inserts of the prior art will result in the strength thereof being insufficient. The solution provided is primarily directed to sloping angles of the flank portion.
A publication of interest is EP 3050655, which discloses single-sided two-way indexable inserts for small diameter tool holders.

Single-sided three-way indexable milling insert having high void volume to material volume ratio and insert mill therefor


A power supply test device includes a function generator, a loading circuit, a current detection circuit, and a controller. The function generator outputs a square-wave signal to the loading circuit. The loading circuit is electronically connected to a power supply, the loading circuit regulates an output current of the power supply according to the square-wave signal. The current detection circuit cooperates with the controller in detecting a slope of the output current. The controller compares the detected slope with a preset value, and regulates the square-wave signal according to the comparison to regulate the slope of the output current.

1. Technical Field
The exemplary disclosure generally relates to test devices, and particularly to a power supply test device.
2. Description of Related Art
A load of a voltage regulator module (VRM) of a computer is a dynamic load, which means the load of the VRM continuously changes and an output of the VRM dynamically changes with the change of the load. For example, when the computer executes a large software game, the load of the VRM increases, and the output current of the VRM increases accordingly.
When testing a dynamic response of the VRM, an electronic load is connected to an output terminal of the VRM. The electronic load regulates the output current of the VRM to simulate a dynamic load. FIG. 3 shows a simplified wave diagram of an output current of a VRM when the VRM executes a dynamic response test. In FIG. 3, a rise time t1 is the time taken by the output current of the VRM to change from 0 to a specified value I1. A slope of the output current is a ratio of the value I1 and the rise time t1. In use, different VRMs may have different requirements for slope of the output current to drive different specified loads. However, a present electronic load can drive the VRM to output an output current with only one slope, and cannot arrive at the requirement of variable slopes.
Therefore, there is room for improvement within the art.

HONG FU JIN PRECISION INDUSTRY (ShenZhen) CO., LTD.


To provide a controller for an internal combustion engine which can determine presence or absence of misfire with good accuracy, even when the rotational variation occurs due to factors other than misfire. A controller for an internal combustion engine calculates, as a reference detection period, the detection period detected within a reference angle interval including a top dead center; calculates a period deviation which is a deviation between the reference detection period and the each detection period; calculates a former period deviation integration value by integrating the period deviation in a former angle interval before the top dead center; calculates a later period deviation integration value by integrating the period deviation in a later angle interval after the top dead center; and determines presence or absence of misfire in the combustion stroke based on the former period deviation integration value and the later period deviation integration value.

The present disclosure relates to a controller for an internal combustion engine which determines presence or absence of misfire.
As the controller for the internal combustion engine which determines presence or absence of misfire, the technology disclosed in JP 4509986 B is known. The technology of JP 4509986 B measures the detection period of the crankshaft angle detected by the crank angle sensor, and calculates the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine based on the angle detection period. Then, the technology of JP 4509986 B sets the detection value of the rotational speed near the top dead center of the compression stroke of the cylinder in which misfire is determined, to the reference rotational speed; integrates the deviation between this reference rotational speed and the rotational speed detected at each crankshaft angle in the combustion stroke after the top dead center; and determines presence or absence of misfire based on the integration value.

Controller which determines a misfire for an internal combustion engine


A microfluidic device made from nanolaminate materials that are capable of electrophoretic selection of particles on the basis of their mobility. Nanolaminate materials are generally alternating layers of two materials (one conducting, one insulating) that are made by sputter coating a flat substrate with a large number of layers. Specific subsets of the conducting layers are coupled together to form a single, extended electrode, interleaved with other similar electrodes. Thereby, the subsets of conducting layers may be dynamically charged to create time-dependent potential fields that can trap or transport charge colloidal particles. The addition of time-dependence is applicable to all geometries of nanolaminate electrophoretic and electrochemical designs from sinusoidal to nearly step-like.

The present invention relates to nanolaminated microfluidic devices, particularly to multiple-interleaved nanolaminate device for steady-state electrophoretic transport within a fluid channel, and more particularly to nanolaminate microfluidic devices using time dependent voltage envelopes to enable the simultaneous travel of different voltage envelopes in different directions, at different speeds, and provides time-dependent voltage profiles which encompass all conceivable time dependences, from sinusoidal to nearly step-like, and permits discrimination or separation of particles based on their dynamics or mobilities.
Electrophoretic and electrochemical devices have been proposed that employ flat, polished, exposed surfaces of nanolammate composites to enhance the detection of dilute analyte particles. The nanolaminate composites were formed by magnetron sputtering of alternating layers of a conductive material and an insulative material, such as silica and alumina, whereafter the composites were cut and polished to expose a nanolaminate surface as a sensor. These prior nanolaminate composites or structures are exemplified by the sensor template described and claimed in copending U.S. Patent Application Publication Number 2003-0129087, filed Jun. 11, 2002.
The present invention involves a multiple-interleaved nanolaminate microfluidic device for steady-state electrophoretic transport within a fluid channel. The present invention utilizes slow time-dependent effects which offer improvements in the multiple-interleaved nanolaminate devices. Under the present invention, specific subsets of the conductive or metallic layers of the nanolaminate are coupled together to form a single, extended electrode, interleaved with other similar electrodes. Thereby, the subsets of metallic layers may be dynamically charged to create time-dependent potential fields that can trap or transport charge colloidal particles.

Nanolaminate microfluidic device for mobility selection of particles

The Regents of the University of California


Disclosed is a device for conveying a stack of flat objects, in particular a stack of mail items, in a conveyance direction. The conveyor device comprises a base face, a side wall, which is perpendicular to the base face, a base face conveyor facility let into the base face and a side wall conveyor facility let into the side wall. The side wall is divided into two partial side walls. The rear partial side wall—viewed in the conveyance direction—is offset outward in a direction perpendicular to the conveyance direction in relation to the front partial side wall. The side wall conveyor facility is let into the rear partial side wall. The base face conveyor facility is embodied to exert a force on the objects, which moves the objects toward the side wall conveyor facility.

A device with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is known from DE 19540992 C2. This discloses a device with a base face and a side wall. At least two rotatable spindle threads are let into the base face and at least one is let into the wall. The pitch of the spindle threads increases when viewed in the conveyance direction, with the result that the mail items are drawn upward.

Device for conveying a stack of flat objects


A method of storing and picking individual articles and/or packaging units in a storage system includes separating and transferring individual articles from incoming-load carriers and depalletizing and separating packaging units from incoming-load carriers. Individual articles, load carriers and packaging units are transported to a warehouse for intermediate storage of individual articles on or in load carriers and packaging units. Individual articles and packing units are picked at a picking area and the picked articles or packing units loaded onto order-load carriers. Individual articles, load carriers and packaging units are transported from the warehouse to the picking area. Load carriers are used only for the transportation and storage of non-conveyable individual articles or non-conveyable packing units and conveyable packaging units and wherein conveyable individual articles are transported and stored directly and without load carriers.

The invention relates to a method of storing and picking individual articles and/or packaging units in a storage system.
In modern central warehouses for supplying retailers, the goods are supplied on pallets and are intermediately stored on trays once they have been depalletized and separated into individual articles and packing units. For a corresponding order, the required articles and packing units are then retrieved from the warehouse and are supplied in a sorted or sequenced fashion to a picking station, where the individual articles and packing units, in turn, are packed onto pallets or rolling carts for dispatch.
The demands placed upon these storage and picking systems are high. For instance, in spite of a broad spectrum of articles, it should be possible to make optimum use of the space in the warehouse and to achieve a large throughput at the picking stations while keeping operating costs as low as possible.
EP 1 698 573 B1 discloses an automated storage system for storing and picking articles and a corresponding method, in which there is provided a device for separating supplied articles into packing units and for transferring them onto trays, a tray store for storing the packing units on the trays, removal-conveyance technology for removal and for provision of the packing units sequenced for loading onto order-load carriers, and a loading station for loading the packing units onto the order-load carriers. Therefore, continuously flat tray-shaped load carriers, so-called trays, are used for transporting and storing all articles or packing units.
DE 10 2009 033 697 A1 discloses a method for storing and picking articles in the form of individual articles and/or packaging units in a storage system consisting of a pallet racking system for storing articles supplied on incoming goods-load carriers, a device for depalletizing, separating and transferring articles from incoming goods-load carriers to transport-load carriers, a racking system for storing separated articles as an intermediate buffer prior to picking, at least one picking station, in which articles are loaded onto a destination-load carrier, and conveyance technology for transporting separated articles to the racking system and from the racking system to the picking station, wherein transport-load carriers are used for transporting separated articles on the conveyance technology. The method corresponds in this regard to the one above, wherein the only modification thereto is that articles separated in the store are stored without transport-load carriers.
EP 0 776 308 B1 likewise discloses a picking method, in which flat tray-shaped load carriers are continuously used. In the described picking method, distribution units which comprise at least one but preferably several units and are compiled in an article-specific way are compiled into several large units comprising such distribution units, wherein the distribution units are taken from the arriving large units and intermediately stored, whereupon from these intermediately stored distribution units the individual orders are compiled and put into transport containers. The distribution units are each placed one-by-one on a respective goods carrier provided with a code and the data of the distribution unit located on the relevant goods carrier are supplied to a computer and are allocated to the goods carrier receiving this distribution unit and then the goods carriers are inserted into storage containers and are transported with the storage containers and intermediately stored, after which the distribution units of different goods which are each intended for a specific order, together with the goods carriers carrying the same are removed from the storage containers with the help of a computer and inserted into consignment containers and brought with the same to a removal station where they are removed, again with the help of a computer, from the consignment containers according to a predetermined packing order.


An over-the-range microwave oven includes air intakes in its bottom wall and fans disposed at an upper portion of the oven for drawing air through respective intakes. The fans are mounted in respective cases, each of which forms an air inlet and an air outlet. Each air inlet communicates with a respective intake, and the air outlets communicate with a common duct leading to a discharge grill. Filters extend across respective ones of the air outlets and are of substantially the same size as the respective air outlets.

(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a microwave oven. More specially, it relates to an over-the-range microwave oven which has improved filters to filter odors generated during range cooking.
(2) Description of the Prior Art
An over-the-range microwave oven (hereinafter, microwave oven) is an oven that utilizes high frequency energy to cook food. It is positioned above a gas range for filtering range-cooking odor. A conventional microwave oven includes a main body 10, a cooking chamber 11, and an electrical component compartment provided to the inside of the main body 10, as shown in FIG. 4. The cooking chamber 11 is open at the front of the main body 10, and a door 13 is hinged on one side of the front of the main body 10 for opening and closing the cooking chamber. The electrical component compartment 12, installed at one side of the cooking chamber 11, includes a magnetron 12a for supplying microwave frequencies to the cooking chamber 11, and a high-voltage transformer 12b for supplying high voltage to the magnetron 12a. A control panel 14 is located at the front surface of the electrical component compartment 12 to control the cooking operation.
An air vent or intake 40 is positioned in the bottom of the main body 10 for the inflow of odor, smoke, etc. from foodstuffs being cooked by the gas range under the microwave oven. The indoor air begins the ventilation cycle through the air intake 40. This cycle filters bad air, smoke, odor, etc. so that filtered air re-enters and circulates inside the room. The conventional ventilator will be fully described referring to FIG. 5.
An upper duct 18 is located in the upper part of the main body 10 for conducting air that was filtered after being received via the air vents 40. A grill 20 is provided at the front of the upper part of the main body 10 to vent the filtered air out of the upper duct 18. A pair of duct cases 15, each having an air inlet 15a and an air outlet 15b, are installed in the rear of the upper duct 18. A fan 16 is housed in each of the duct cases 15. An electric motor 17 is positioned between the duct cases 15 and is connected to the fans 16, thus rotating the fans 16. The upper duct 18 also includes a filter 19 to filter air sent to the grill 20, and a pair of rails 21 for supporting the filter 19. Both ends of the filter 19 are respectively inserted into the rails 21, and the filter 19 is vertically installed in front of the fans 16 and the electric motor 17.
Once power is applied to the microwave oven, the high voltage transformer 12b increases the amplitude of voltage and furnishes it to the magnetron 12a. The magnetron 12a emits high frequency energy to the cooking chamber 1. The high frequency energy, produced by the magnetron 12a, cooks food in the cooking chamber 11. At the same time, as the ventilator goes into action, odor, smoke, etc. created from the range-cooking process are sucked in by the fans 16 through the air intake 40 formed on the bottom of the main body 10, and conducted via right and left paths (not illustrated) of the main body 10, and are sent to the filter 19 through the outlets 15b of the duct cases 15. The air is filtered by the filter 19 and reintroduced to the room through the grill 20.
The filter 19, spaced horizontally from the cases 15, must be sufficiently large to extend completely across the duct 18 in order to filter all of the air being discharged. It will be appreciated that the cost of the filter is proportional to its size.

Microwave oven having filtered air exhaust passages


A security system is disclosed in which a secure communication session is established between an external security processor and an interface device. After insertion of the external security processor into the interface device, an authorization server provides authorization to the external security processor and the interface device based on, for example, identification information for each device. A derived key may be generated using a common device security key, and a seed value stored at the interface device. The derived key may then be used for multiple communication sessions between the interface device and the external security processor.

Content service providers, such as video or television service providers, often offer portable security modules, such as smart cards, to their customers. The portable security modules may communicate with other access devices, such as satellite receivers and cable set-top boxes, to authorize those devices to receive secured content on the service provider network.
These modules and devices often employ key-based mechanisms for security, but unfortunately, hackers occasionally are able to compromise that security by figuring out the keys being used. When this occurs, the security in the system is lost, and the user may have to undergo an inconvenient re-keying process that may often involve replacing the smart card and the access device.
There remains an ever-present need for greater security, and to minimize disruptions to users' lives when a security system is compromised by a hacker.

Establishing a secure communication session with an external security processor


The problem of undesired power consumption in an oscillator during xe2x80x9cstopxe2x80x9d periods of a device is addressed by providing the oscillator in apparatus external to the device, the apparatus including a current sensor sensing current in a line between the apparatus and the device, the line communicating an oscillator xe2x80x9cclockxe2x80x9d signal. If the device enters a xe2x80x9cstopxe2x80x9d state the current flow during certain half-cycles of the oscillation is relatively low compared to the current flow in the xe2x80x9cno-stopxe2x80x9d state. In response to the relatively low current, the apparatus halts oscillation. Later, when the device exits the xe2x80x9cstopxe2x80x9d state, current flow increases in the line, and the apparatus resumes oscillation, thereby resuming the communication of the clock signal to the device. Alternatively the apparatus monitors two oscillator lines by means of an XOR gate, powering down the oscillator when the XOR output goes low and restoring the oscillator when the XOR output goes high.

Recent popularity of portable, battery-powered electronic appliances has prompted intense pressure to maximize battery life by cutting power consumption in the appliances. The system designer attempting to respond to this pressure will scrutinize every part of a system to attempt to identify opportunities to save power.
Some integrated circuits, including microprocessors and microcontrollers, depend upon an oscillator to provide a clock for clocking various processes. The oscillator typically draws a non-negligible portion of the energy budget, and is thus a natural target of the system designer in efforts to conserve power. Thoughtful analysis of the functions provided by the integrated circuit in relation to the system in which it functions will often identify some regimes of operation in which the integrated circuit could slow down or halt, thus conserving power.
If the integrated circuit uses an internal oscillator with an external crystal or resonator, then the oscillator takes some time to stabilize each time it is started, and for short tasks the stabilization time may account for a large portion of the xe2x80x9conxe2x80x9d time for the oscillator. This is wasteful of power.
If the integrated circuit uses an external oscillator of conventional design, then it is generally not within the ability of the designer of the external oscillator to power down the oscillator at the right times and power it up again at the right times, for the simple reason that the events that would desirably trigger such powering-up and powering-down are internal to the integrated circuit and thus are not easily externally discernable.
For system designers concerned with reducing power consumption to the greatest extent possible, it would be extremely desirable to have an external clock apparatus which could discern the internal use state of an integrated circuit so as to power-up and power-down an oscillator as needed, based on the internal state. Such apparatus would desirably require no pins on the integrated circuit other than pins already provided for clock purposes, and would desirably itself take up very little space.
The problem of undesired power consumption in an oscillator during xe2x80x9cstopxe2x80x9d periods of a device is addressed by providing the oscillator in apparatus external to the device, the apparatus including a current sensor sensing current in a line between the apparatus and the device, the line communicating an oscillator xe2x80x9cclockxe2x80x9d signal. If the device enters a xe2x80x9cstopxe2x80x9d state the current flow during certain half-cycles of the oscillation is relatively low compared to the current flow in the xe2x80x9cno-stopxe2x80x9d state. In response to the relatively low current, the apparatus halts oscillation. Later, when the device exits the xe2x80x9cstopxe2x80x9d state, current flow increases in the line, and the apparatus resumes oscillation, thereby resuming the communication of the clock signal to the device. Alternatively the apparatus monitors two oscillator lines by means of an XOR gate, powering down the oscillator when the XOR output goes low and restoring the oscillator when the XOR output goes high.

Power-conserving external clock for use with a clock-dependent integrated circuit


Material is first formed into a flat ring. Ball receiving pockets are formed in the flat ring leaving bridge material between adjacent pockets. Bridge material between adjacent pockets is flattened such that the bridge material spreads to meet the adjacent bearing balls, thereby locking the retainer within a ball bearing assembly. The resulting substantially flat bridge between adjacent reconfigured ball pockets is then crimped such that ends of the bridge are moved slightly toward each other and pressure of the reconfigured ball pockets against the bearing balls is reduced.

This invention relates generally to ball retainers for ball bearings and, more particularly, to a one-piece ball bearing retainer with a crimped configuration providing ball retention.
Many types of prior art ball bearing retainers and cages have been used. One of the major types includes welded metal retainers where two halves are welded together. These welded two-piece retainers have fair wrap-around and conformity to the ball shape. Operating temperature is limited by the lubricant and not by the retainer. However, it is difficult to ensure 100 percent good welds with a welded two-piece retainer design.
Riveted two-piece metal retainers are similar to welded two-piece metal retainers except the two halves are riveted together rather than welded. That type retainer requires many small rivets that are difficult to insert. Visual inspection is more accurate than with welded retainers; however, poor riveting may occur. Similarly, mechanically interlocked retainers also require two halves and may be difficult to fasten together.
Spring finger-type retainers offer a one-piece design but are difficult to make with sufficient ball contacting surface or wrap-around. Spring finger-type retainers usually require special heat treating. Polymer retainers offer one-piece design and have good wrap-around and ball conformity. However, polymer retainers are generally limited to lower temperature and low strength applications.
One proposed metal retainer is formed as one-piece by fashioning a sheet metal ring into an undulatory form with open ball pockets spaced apart by U-shaped connecting portions. After balls are placed into the pockets, the U-shaped connecting portions are upset, causing the sides of the U-shaped connecting portions to spread and partially conform to the contour of the balls. However, that proposed design fails to provide sufficient ball retention without gripping the balls to tightly.
The foregoing illustrates limitations known to exist in present ball bearing retainers. Thus, it is apparent that it would be advantageous to provide an alternative directed to overcoming one or more of the limitations set forth above. Accordingly, a suitable alternative is provided including features more fully disclosed hereinafter.

Method of making a one-piece ball bearing retainer


The present disclosure provides a speaker including a housing, a vibration unit received in the housing, a magnetic circuit unit, flexible circuit boards, and conductive terminals. The housing includes an upper cover and a holder. The housing includes an upper cover and a holder. The holder includes a holder body and extension portions extending from the holder body. The extension portion includes a groove formed by inwardly recessing from a side surface of the extension portion facing away from the receiving space, and a through hole formed by recessing from a top end of the extension portion and communicating with the groove. One end of the flexible circuit board is received in the groove, and the conductive terminal passes through the through hole to be fixedly connected to the flexible circuit board. The present disclosure also provides a method for manufacturing the speaker.

In order to adapt to the miniaturizing and multi-functional development of various audio devices and information communication devices, a speaker used in these devices is required to be more miniaturized correspondingly, and to cooperate with other components around the speaker more compactly.
In the related art, a conductive terminal of the speaker includes a flexible circuit board and a conductive member. In a process of manufacturing the speaker, the flexible circuit board is first welded to a holder, and then the conductive member is welded to the flexible circuit board. When the manufacturing method is adopted, it is necessary to provide two welding pad positions, which wastes the space and does not meet the needs of miniaturization of the speaker.
Therefore, it is urgent to provide a speaker and a method for manufacturing the speaker to solve the above technical problems.

Speaker and method for manufacturing speaker


A pinned lug joint comprising: a first part comprising two first lugs projecting from a bridge which extends between them; a second part pivotally coupled to the first part, the second part comprising a second lug positioned between the first lugs; and a sealing member, the sealing member being mounted to the first lugs and extending between them to seal an air gap between the second lug and the bridge at least when the second part is in a first position. The pinned lug joint may be used to attach a panel assembly to part of an aircraft.

Spoilers are typically provided on the upper aerodynamic surface of an aircraft wing, between the main fixed wing box and the trailing edge flaps. The performance of the flaps can be improved by attaching them to the fixed wing box by drop hinge mechanisms. This allows the flaps to be deployed in both aft and downward directions and to be rotated downwardly (or "drooped"). When the flaps are fully deployed in this way, gaps are formed between the trailing edges of the spoilers and the leading edges of the flaps. Small air gaps in these regions improve lift when compared to conventional Fowler flaps. However, if these gaps are too large and the continuity of the upper aerodynamic surface is not maintained, then the performance of the flaps is reduced. To control the size of these gaps, the spoilers are rotated downwardly (or "drooped") when the flaps are fully deployed (e.g. during take-off).
The spoilers are typically attached to the fixed wing box by structural ribs. Cut-out sections are provided on the leading edges of the spoilers to prevent clashing between the spoilers and the ribs when the spoilers are deployed to a braking position. However, particularly when the spoilers are in their drooped positions, these cut-out sections become exposed. When the flaps are deployed, voids are opened on the high pressure lower surface of the wing. This can lead to cross-bleed air flowing from the high pressure lower surface, through air gaps in the joints between the structural ribs and the spoilers, and through the cut-out sections to the low pressure upper surface. This leads to a reduction in lift. Also, when the spoilers are in their cruise positions, the cut-out sections act as discontinuities in the path of the air flow, increasing drag and noise. Consequently, for optimum performance, these air gaps need to be sealed, while allowing the spoilers to rotate over their entire pivotal range without clashing with the structural rib.


A sprayable adhesive composition superior in removability from a surface of paper and making it difficult to cause an adhesive transfer phenomenon to a surface to be affixed, which is constructed by dispersing adhesive microspheres having an average particle diameter of 10 to 100 .mu.m obtained by subjecting a composition containing a (meth)acrylate, a water-soluble monomer copolymerizable with the (meth)acrylate, and an oil-soluble polyfunctional monomer having two or more polyumerizalbe unsaturated groups in a molecule to aqueous suspension copolymerization under the presence of an oil-soluble polymerization initiator and a surface-active agent in an aerosol-dispersion medium containing a first solvent for maintaining dispersion properties of the adhesive microspheres so as to exhibit sprayable properties, a second solvent for restraining the swelling of the adhesive microspheres, and an aerosol propellant.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to sprayable adhesive compositions used as spray-type adhesives, and more particularly, to a sprayable adhesive composition making it possible to repeatedly affix and strip a surface coated with the adhesive composition to and from a surface to be affixed and making it difficult to cause adhesive transfer of the adhesive composition to the surface to be affixed when the above surface coated with the adhesive composition is stripped from the surface to be affixed.
Conventionally, various spray-type adhesives have been commercially available. Furthermore, in recent years, spray-type adhesives having adhesive properties which allow affixing and stripping to and from a surface of paper many times have been commercially available.
One example of adhesive compositions usable as the above described spray-type adhesives is disclosed in British Patent No. 1,250,261. The specification discloses a sprayable adhesive composition constructed by dispersing in a suitable organic solvent and aerosol propellant an adhesive substance composed of a copolymer, which contains a (meth)acrylic ester and a monomer copolymerizable with the (meth)acrylic ester and is crosslinked by a crosslinker.
Furthermore, another example of adhesive compositions usable as the spray-type adhesives is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 453,825. The specification discloses a spray-type adhesive using an elastomer composed of a butadienacrylonitrile copolymer.
In any of the above described conventional sprayable adhesive compositions, a bulk-shaped copolymer and an elastomeric polymer are crushed into particles, the adhesive particles obtained are caused to swell by a solvent, and an aerosol container is filled with the adhesive particles along with an aerosol propellant.
In spray-type adhesive superior in adhesive properties to a surface of paper out of the conventional spray-type adhesives, however, when a substrate coated with the adhesive is affixed to a surface of paper, the surface of paper to which the substrate is affixed may, in many cases, be torn off in the case of stripping. That is, the adhesive power of the adhesive is high, so that the surface of paper to which the substrate is affixed may, in many cases, be damaged.
On the other hand, an adhesive composition containing adhesive microspheres exhibiting superior removability has been proposed in recent years as a removable adhesive composition (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Gazette No. 260973/1988). However, the microspherical adhesives which have conventionally existed are ones, which are used for coating a substrate, such as "Post-it note pad" (trade name) manufactured by Minesota Mining and Manufacturing Company in the United States. No microspherical adhesives used as a sprayable adhesive composition have existed yet.


This disclosure includes ice machine riser apparatuses and methods of using the same. Some of the present riser apparatuses include a housing that defines an interior channel and has a first end defining a first opening and configured to be coupled to an ice machine, a second end defining a second opening and configured to be coupled to a drink dispenser, and sidewall(s) extending between the first end and the second end and defining at least a third opening, and in some riser apparatuses a fourth opening, in direct communication with the interior channel, a door configured to selectively cover the third opening, and a removable cover configured to cover at least a portion of the fourth opening. Some riser apparatuses elevate an ice machine relative to a drink dispenser. Some riser apparatuses include a third opening disposed at a non-parallel angle relative to the first opening.

1. Field of Invention
This invention relates generally to ice machines and drink dispensers, and more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to ice machine riser apparatuses for coupling ice machines to drink dispensers.
2. Description of Related Art
Ice machine adapters are generally used to couple an ice machine to a drink dispenser such that the ice machine can deliver ice directly to the drink dispenser. Such ice machine adapters typically locate a lower end of an ice machine immediately above an upper end of a drink dispenser or soda fountain. Examples of such adapters are disclosed in: (1) U.S. Pat. No. 7,168,261; (2) U.S. Pat. No. 7,263,853; (3) U.S. Pat. No. 8,245,999; and (4) Patent Application Pub. No. US 2009/0278024.