Flow through connectors and pressure sensing devices as well as their methods of use are described. In some instances a pressuring sensing device may include a ceramic body with a flow path extending through the ceramic body and at least one non-ceramic body attached to the ceramic body. The at least one non-ceramic body may include one or more attachment features formed therein and the flow path extends through the at least one non-ceramic body as well.

High pressure liquid chromatography and related bio-chemical fields typically measure process pressure in an uninterrupted flow path with no corners or crevices where material may collect. The flow path is either made from, or is lined with, a material that is inert to the gasses, liquids, and/or other materials being measured. For example, applications such as ion chromatography use an inert flow path lined with tubing materials such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK) or polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE), as well as pressure measurement sensors made with non-metallic inert materials.


A method for rigidifying a fiber-based paper substrate for use in the exhaust system of a combustion device. In the method, a green ceramic fiber-based paper substrate is impregnated with an impregnating dispersion. The impregnated substrate is then dried, calcined and fired to form a rigidified substrate that is suitable for use in the exhaust system of a combustion device. This rigidification process is performed at least once and, preferably, two or more times. The green paper substrate comprises two or more sheets of green ceramic fiber-based paper, with at least one creased sheet and another sheet being a laminated together to form a plurality of tubular channels. The rigidified substrate comprises refractory ceramic fibers in the form of a ceramic fiber-based paper and agglomerates of ceramic particles. The ceramic particle agglomerates are bonded to and disposed so as to thereby bond together the refractory ceramic fibers at spaced locations along and at intersections of the refractory ceramic fibers so that the refractory ceramic fibers retain much of their original flexibility while in the paper.

Internal combustion engines (e.g., vehicle engines, power generators, etc.), power plants, incinerators and other such combustion devices typically include exhaust systems which expel the products of a combustion process. Such exhaust systems typically include some form of flow-through catalyzing substrate and/or wall-flow filter substrate. These combustion products can include non-combusted and/or partially combusted byproducts such as, for example, soot particles, carbon monoxide, NOx, etc. Exhaust systems are typically designed so as to limit the release of such combustion byproducts into the atmosphere.
Particulate soot combustion byproducts have been found to pose health hazards to humans and the environment. As a result, the exhaust of such soot particles has received particular attention. In response to such concerns, increasingly strict governmental regulations have been and are being promulgated to restrict and reduce the exhaust emissions from sources such as internal combustion engines and, in particular, diesel engines. Therefore, additional attention has been directed toward the development of more efficient exhaust systems capable of further restricting and reducing the release of such combustion byproducts and, in particular, of filtering particulate laden exhaust gases.
A number of combustion devices (e.g., diesel engines) produce both undesirable gaseous (e.g., carbon monoxide) and particulate (e.g., soot) combustion byproducts. The exhaust systems of such engines are usually designed with a catalytic and a filter component for limiting the exhaust of both types of combustion byproducts. Catalytic converters typically include a flow-through catalyzing substrate that has a ceramic monolithic construction. Conventional flow-through catalyzing substrates are usually effective in furthering the combustion of exhaust gases (e.g., carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide); however, they are also relatively expensive and are not effective in combusting exhaust particulate. There are various commercially available wall-flow substrates for filtering particulate from exhaust gases. Such filter substrates include porous ceramic monoliths like that disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,276,071. Such extruded substrates have been made from porous materials such as cordierite or silicon carbide. These extruded ceramic filters can be durable and effective, but they are also relatively expensive. Less expensive ceramic fiber-based particulate filters have also been made for this purpose but, to date, such filters have not exhibited the characteristics (e.g., durability and effectiveness) needed to achieve commercial success. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,112,184, 3,899,555, 4,608,361, 4,652,286, 4,718,926, 5,194,078 and 5,322,537. It is believed that the failure of such prior ceramic fiber-based filters to achieve commercial success has been due to a lack of durability in their intended working environment.

Chemically stabilized β-cristobalite and ceramic bodies comprising same


A method and system for recovering after a crash of an instance in a database is disclosed. According to the method, a plurality of dead transactions associated with the crashed instance are identified. Statistical data is compiled from the identified plurality of dead transactions. Based on the statistical data, it is determined that a particular number of recovery servers should be used to recover the plurality of dead transactions. The plurality of dead transactions are then recovered using the particular number of recovery servers. The particular number of recovery servers can execute in parallel to recover the plurality of dead transactions.

In typical database systems, users store, update and retrieve information by submitting commands to a database application. To be correctly processed, the commands must comply with the database query language that is supported by the database application. One popular database query language is known as Structured Query Language (SQL).
A logical unit of work that is atomic and comprised of one or more database language statements is referred to as a transaction. In a database sever, an area of system memory is allocated and one or more processes are started to execute one or more transactions. The database server communicates with connected user processes and performs tasks on behalf of the user. These tasks typically include the execution of transactions. The combination of the allocated system memory and the processes executing transactions is commonly termed a database instance.
A buffer cache resides in a portion of the system memory and holds database information. Buffers in the buffer cache hold copies of data blocks that have been read from data files. The buffers are shared by all user processes concurrently connected to the instance. When a transaction desires to make a change to a data block, a copy of the data block is loaded into a buffer and the change is made to the copy of the data block stored in the database buffer cache in dynamic memory. Afterwards, a database writer writes the modified blocks of data from the database buffer cache to the data files on disk.
The system memory also contains a redo log buffer. A redo log buffer is a buffer that holds information about update operations recently performed by transactions. This information is stored in redo entries. Redo entries contain the information necessary to reconstruct, or redo, changes made by operations such as INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, ALTER, or DROP, for example. Redo entries are generated for each change made to a copy of a data block stored in the database buffer cache. The redo log buffer is written to an active online redo log file group on disk by a background process. The records in the online redo log file group on disk are referred to as redo logs.
An instance failure can occur when a problem arises that prevents an instance from continuing work. Instance failures may result from hardware problems such as a power outage, or software problems such as an operating system or database system crash. Instance failures can also occur expectedly, for example, when a SHUTDOWN ABORT or a STARTUP FORCE statement is issued.
Due to the way in which database updates are performed to data files in some database systems, at any given point in time, a data file may contain some data blocks that (1) have been tentatively modified by uncommitted transactions and/or (2) do not yet reflect updates performed by committed transactions. Thus, an instance recovery operation must be performed after an instance failure to restore a database to the transaction consistent state it possessed just prior to the instance failure. In a transaction consistent state, a database reflects all the changes made by transactions which are committed and none of the changes made by transactions which are not committed.
A typical DBMS performs several steps during an instance recovery. First, the DBMS rolls forward, or reapplies to the data files all of the changes recorded in the redo log. Rolling forward proceeds through as many redo log files as necessary to bring the database forward in time to reflect all of the changes made prior to the time of the crash. Rolling forward usually includes applying the changes in online redo log files, and may also include applying changes recorded in archived redo log files (online redo files which are archived before being reused). By rolling forward, the data blocks will contain all committed changes as well as any uncommitted changes that were recorded in the redo log files prior to the crash.
After the DBMS rolls forward, the DBMS rolls back. During rollback, changes made by uncommitted transactions are removed from the database. Records for undoing uncommitted changes are persistently stored at locations referred to as rollback segments. In database recovery, the information contained in the rollback segments is used to undo the changes made by transactions that were uncommitted at the time of the crash. The process of undoing changes made by the uncommitted transactions is referred to as "rolling back" the transactions.
FIG. 1 illustrates rolling forward and rolling back. Database 110 is a database requiring recovery at time t1. Database 120 represents the database after a redo log is applied at time t2. The database 120 comprises both changes made by committed transactions 121 and changes made by uncommitted transactions 122. Database 130 represents the database at time t3 after a rollback segment is applied. The database 130 comprises only changes made by committed transactions 121.
When rolling back a transaction, the DBMS releases any resources (locks) held by the transaction at the time of failure. Lastly, the DBMS resolves any pending distributed transactions that were undergoing a two-phase commit coordinated by the DBMS at the time of the instance failure.
Conventionally, to recover after a database instance crash, the DBMS invokes a single process to rollback any changes that were made by dead transactions. Once invoked, the single process performs the necessary recover tasks. In general, using a single process to rollback all changes can help ensure proper consistency of the database once the changes have been applied.
A drawback associated with using a single process to recover after a database instance crash is that it can induce a bottleneck in the system as changes that were made by uncommitted transactions are forced to be rolled back serially. In certain cases, a large number of transactions may be active when an instance crashes, and therefore, a large number of uncommitted transactions may need to be rolled back. This large, number of uncommitted transactions may include changes to portions of the database which are of immediate need. Thus, access to certain portions of the database may be delayed for a relatively long period of time, as serially rolling back a large number of uncommitted transactions can be very time consuming.
Based on the foregoing, it is highly desirable to provide a mechanism for reducing the amount of time that is required for the recovery of uncommitted transactions.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A system and method are provided to calculate a real time voltage stability risk index in a power system. The method includes calculating an RMS voltage by using bus voltage measured and calculating an N moving average voltage for the RMS voltages. A percentage diversity between the bus voltage measured and the N moving average voltages is calculated. A voltage stability in that risk index is calculated by dividing the area constructed by the percent diversity by the number of sections. The voltage stability risk index is transferred from a real time phasor measurement device to an upper voltage stability monitoring system. The transferred voltage stability risk indexes are acquired and sequenced and the sequence voltage stability risk indexes are output.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a system and a method for calculating a voltage stability risk index in power system and, more particularly, to a system and a method for promptly monitoring transient voltage stability in real time using voltages measured.
2. Background of the Related Art
In operating a power system, an electric power company controls voltage through two methods. First, the voltage, which is measured and transferred from each main bus, is shown on a display board and the electric power company passively controls the voltage so that the displayed voltage is maintained at a value ranging from 95% to 105% of a rated voltage. Such a method is very simple and effective in controlling voltage for a normal condition, but not helpful for a condition requiring urgent control, for example, when a fault or contingency in the system has occurred due to a disturbance. Moreover, this method cannot provide the information about the sensitivity of a bus voltage.
Second method is to control voltage by analyzing bus voltage sensitivity and calculating a voltage collapse point at a normal state using a power flow calculation method. To apply the power flow calculation, all the data related to a power system have to be inputted: a) impedance data of a power transmission network can be prepared in advance, or may be changed according to the topology of the power transmission network, b) the data on electric power amount and load amount, on the other hand, have to be directly measured and transferred so as to reflect the continuously changing condition of a system. However, it is impossible to measure the electric power amount and load amount for the whole buses in a power system comprising hundreds or thousands of buses. Thus, the voltage, the electric power amount, and the load amount on only some main buses are measured and the data on the rest buses unmeasured are estimated based on the measured electric power amount and load amount. The data comprising the data already prepared, the data measured, and the data estimated, are inputted into a power flow calculation program. The calculation period is more than ten minutes.
One of the voltage stability analyses based on a power flow calculation is a sensitivity analysis on a bus voltage, which calculates a sensitivity representing a minute change of voltage (V) to a minute change of reactive power (Q). If the V−Q sensitivity is positive, it means that voltage stability is stable. The smaller the V−Q sensitivity is, the more robust the bus voltage is. If the voltage stability is reduced, the V−Q sensitivity increases and has an infinite value at a voltage collapse point. Negative V−Q sensitivity means unstable in terms of the voltage stability. Another voltage stability analysis is to calculate a voltage collapse point. The voltage collapse point is a maximum power transmission point at which a power system transmission network can normally transfer, and a point at which the voltage is collapsed. The difference between a voltage collapse point measured and a system operation point may be used as a voltage stability margin. The voltage collapse point is simulated by assuming a scenario because the data on load amounts and electric power amounts cannot be obtained in advance.
However, voltage control methods using such conventional voltage stability analyses cannot completely monitor the voltage in an electric power system and fully reflect voltage characteristics of the whole power system because they uses partial data measured only for main buses. In addition, voltage control methods using such conventional voltage stability analyses cannot achieve a real time voltage monitoring in a power system and cannot represent the soundness of bus voltage at a transient condition.

System and method for calculating real-time voltage stability risk index in power system using time series data

Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute


A method of manufacturing a wiring substrate of the present invention, includes the steps of forming a seed layer on an underlying layer, forming a plating resist in which an opening portion is provided on the seed layer, forming a copper plating layer in the opening portion by an electroplating, removing the plating resist, wet-etching the seed layer using the copper plating layer as a mask to obtain the wiring layer, roughening a surface of the wiring layer by a blackening process, and forming an insulating layer on the wiring layer, wherein a surface of the copper plating layer is soft-etched simultaneously in the step of etching the seed layer, whereby a soft etching step of the wiring layer carried out prior to the step of the blackening process is omitted.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a wiring substrate and, more particularly, a method of manufacturing a wiring substrate, which is applicable to a substrate of a semiconductor package.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the prior art, there is the build-up wiring substrate equipped with a multilayer wiring in which wiring layers and resin layers are formed alternately on a substrate. In the method of manufacturing such build-up wiring substrate, first, a wiring layer made of copper is formed on the substrate. Then, unevenness is formed by etching a surface of the wiring layer by about 1 to 2 μm. Then, an interlayer insulating layer is formed by pasting a resin film on the wiring layer, or the like.
By forming unevenness (concave-convex) to a surface of the wiring layer to roughen, adhesion between the wiring layer and the overlying interlayer insulating layer can be secured. Also, the step of forming a via hole reaching the wiring layer in the interlayer insulating layer and the step of forming an overlying wiring layer connected to the wiring layer via the via hole are repeated, and thus a desired multilayer can be obtained.
As the technology related with the above prior art, in Patent Literature 1 (Patent Application Publication (KOKAI) 2003-8199), it is set forth that uneven portions are formed on a surface of a copper layer by the etching using a sulfuric acid hydrogen peroxide mixture, and then the surface of the copper layer is roughened by applying the blackening process to the uneven portions.
Also, in Patent Literature 2 (Patent Application Publication (KOKAI) Hei-2-238942), it is set forth that, in order to improve adhesion between a copper foil and a resin, a coating film made of copper oxide is formed on a surface of the copper foil, and then the surface of the copper foil is roughened by fusing/removing the copper oxide by means of the chemical process using acid.
As described above, in the method of manufacturing the build-up wiring substrate in the prior art, the surface of the wiring layer is etched by about 1 to 2 μm in order to secure the adhesion between the wiring layer and the overlying interlayer insulating layer (resin).
However, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, when the wiring layers 200 are made minute (line:space=10:10 μm or less), a ratio of an etching amount to a line width of a wiring layer 200 (FIG. 1A) before the roughening process is increased. Therefore, the wiring layer 200 (FIG. 1B) after the roughening process is considerably narrowed and goes out of a design specification, and furthermore the pattern jump (pattern disappearance) is caused. Also, when a line width of the wiring layer 200 becomes narrower than the design specification, the problem of a delay of the electric signal arises. As a result, such wiring substrate cannot easily respond to the wiring substrate of the high-performance semiconductor chip.
Conversely, when an etching amount is reduced in order to ease the thinning of the wiring layer 200, the unevenness is made small. Therefore, satisfactory adhesion between the wiring layer 200 and the interlayer insulating layer (resin) cannot be obtained, and thus reliability of the wiring substrate is decreased.

Method of manufacturing wiring substrate


A horizontal carousel conveyor moves in a horizontal plane by using vertically-oriented conveyor links. When used with an oven, it continuously moves foods and other items in a closed, horizontal loop.

Conveyors are well-known to those or ordinary skill in the mechanical arts. Paraphrased, the Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary defines a conveyor as an endless moving belt or a chain of receptacles, which is useful to move articles from place to place.
Prior art conveyors are used to transport virtually any kind of object or material that is capable of being carried in, or on a container. Conveyors carry foods through, or along production lines in food preparation factories. Fast food restaurants and food service providers use conveyors to carry food products through an oven or along a food preparation line.
Virtually all of the prior art conveyors used in factories as well as in food preparation plants, food services and restaurants move in a single, vertically-oriented plane. Put another way, the prior art conveyors used to move food, move it along a straight line. The direction of an item carried by conveyor can be changed by moving a conveyor-carried item from a conveyor that runs in a first direction, onto a second conveyor that runs in a second direction. Prior art conveyors that move items in a straight line can also raise or lower the elevation of an item but they nevertheless move in substantially the same vertical plane.
In high-volume or fast food restaurants, the ability to quickly, reliably and continuously cook food items is important. Unusual or uniquely-shaped food items can be particularly difficult to prepare. Cone-shaped foods are particularly difficult to cook.
As used herein, the term "pizza cone" refers to an edible cone, the interior of which is filled with pizza fillings, such as meats, cheeses and other ingredients. The cone part of a pizza cone is usually made from pizza dough, however, cones made from other types of dough can also be filled with pizza fillings or other foods.
Because of its shape, a pizza cone is particularly difficult to heat and/or cook. Because if a cone is place on its "side" for cooking, fillings inside the cone will spill or fall out of the cone as temperature rises. If the cone is inverted so as to be cooked on a flat surface, the contents will nevertheless spill when the cone is removed from a heating surface to be turned upright for sale and consumption. One way to heat or cook a filled cone is to heat the cone while it is upright, i.e., with the pointed, narrow end of the cone downward, in order to keep fillings in the cone as it the cone is heated. A conveyor that can move foods and other objects and materials along tortuous paths in a horizontal plane, would be an improvement over the prior art because it would enable foods such as cones to be moved into and out of an oven while the items are held upright.


A method and system for electrocardiographic monitoring includes receiving cardiac signals recorded from electrodes attached to a patient according to a known electrode configuration and determining the known electrode configuration. The cardiac signal is then automatically analyzed based on the alternative electrode configuration. In one embodiment, the method includes acquiring a cardiac signal through electrodes connected to the patient according to a known electrode configuration and analyzing the cardiac signal to detect whether the known electrode configuration deviates from a standard 12 lead ECG configuration. If a deviation is detected, then an estimated electrode configuration is determined for the electrodes connected to the patient and the estimated electrode configuration is presented to a user. Confirmation information is received from the user regarding whether the estimated electrode configuration is the known electrode configuration, and the physiological data is automatically analyzed based on the confirmation information.

In cardiac monitoring clinicians often need to vary electrode placement in order to meet specialized physiologic and for monitoring needs of a patient. In electrocardiography (ECG), for instance, clinicians often utilize electrode configurations other than the standard 12 lead ECG. For example, some clinical guidelines suggest the use of right-sided chest (precordial) leads for pediatric and neonatal applications. Schwartz. P. J., et al. "Guidelines for the Interpretation of the Neonatal Electrocardiogram: A Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology." European Heart Journal 23 (2002): 1329-1344. Likewise, right-sided chest (precordial) leads may be used in clinical applications relating to detection and treatment of certain myocardial infarctions (heart attacks). Antman, Elliott M., et al. "ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction." ACC/AHA Practice Guidelines (2004): Kligfield, Paul, et al. "Recommendations for the Standardization and Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram: Part I. The Electrocardiogram and Its technology: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society Endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology." Circulation, Journal of the American Heart Association 115 (2007): 1306-1324. Additionally, some clinical guidelines suggest the use of posterior leads for posterior myocardial infarctions. Id. Moreover, clinicians may use an alternative lead placement for a host of other reasons, including patient injury, such as a lesion at the site of standard electrode placement, and dextrocardia.
Current cardiac monitoring systems, including ECG systems, do not account for such alternative electrode placements that differ from a standard placement, and the systems do not automatically adjust their processing of the cardiac signal to correspond with the alternative electrode placement. Thus, current systems often misanalyze cardiac signals recorded from electrodes in alternative configurations because they analyze the signal as if it were recorded using a default, or standard, configuration, which results in the system providing inaccurate interpretations of the cardiac signal and incorrect suggestions for diagnoses.

Method for ECG lead placement changes to be accurately accounted for


An electronic device for processing image data including a camera module configured to obtain the image data. The electronic device also including a control module configured to set at least one pointing object in the image data and configured to control the image data on an object corresponding to a position of the set pointing object according to at least one of a position and movement of the at least one pointing object.

A user can directly manipulate an electronic device in order to perform functions such as zoom-in, zoom-out, and auto-focusing while obtaining image data by using the electronic device. Additionally, in order to insert a specific effect into the obtained image data, functions such as partial zoom-in or partial zoom-out can be performed by controlling the image data.
In the above typical electronic device, a user can undergo the inconvenience of having to directly manipulate the electronic device in order to perform functions such as zoom-in, zoom-out, and auto-focusing for a subject, which can be used while image data is being obtained.
Additionally, after the image data is obtained, the typical electronic device can provide and control a specific effect to meet the request of a user, but it can be difficult to obtain image data having an effect that the user wants.

Electronic device and method for image data processing


A hand-held device for sliding along the length of a windshield wiper blade to clean it. The device includes a resilient hollow, cylindrical shell which houses two cleaning strips forming a V-shaped groove. The wiper blade is accommodated within the V-shaped groove and the two legs of the shell are squeezed together and slid along the length of the blade to remove dirt therefrom. The device is optionally quipped with an ice-scraping ridge on one leg of the shell, and/or an absorbent cleaning ridge on the other leg of the shell, and insect-scraping grooves running along the base.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a windshield wiper blade cleaner. More particularly, it relates to a portable, hand-held device for cleaning the wiper blade.
2. The Prior Art
Typically, windshield wipers are cleaned by spraying pressurized cleaning fluid onto the windshield while operating the wipers. If the wipers still streak, they are cleaned with a material sheet such as a paper towel or rag. While the prior art cleaning methods are satisfactory for small amounts of dirt, they are usually unsatisfactory for cleaning ice and heavy accumulations which require some degree of abrasive cleaning. In addition, the prior art methods have been found to be unsatisfactory because the windshield wiper fluid runs out without warning or a suitable material sheet is not available.
An attempt to overcome these drawbacks can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,670,459 which discloses a combined abrading and scraping implement. However, the patented device still has certain drawbacks in that it requires two passes, one for each channel on the device, to effectively clean a wiper blade. In addition, the channels have fixed sidewalls which do not account for wiper blades of different sizes. Finally, the fixed sidewalls do not allow the user to adjust the compressive, cleaning form on the wiper to account for varying degrees of dirt accumulation.

Hand-held windshield wiper blade cleaner


A computer-based system for providing electronic monitoring and management services for an instant messaging (IM) user. The system can include a processor configured to execute computer-readable instructions. The system can also include an IM server, wherein the IM server accepts connections from one or more IM clients. Additionally, the system can include a bot program configured to execute on the processor. The bot program can be configured to receive a request from a first user to manage messages on behalf of the first user and further receive a token from the first user and a user name associated with the first user, wherein the first user is logged into the IM server via an IM client of the one or more IM clients. Also, the bot program can be configured to receive a notification indicating that the first user is logged off the IM server. Furthermore, the bot program can further be configured to utilize the token and the user name to log into the IM server on behalf of the first user upon receiving the notification. Moreover, the bot program can be configured to receive and store a message intended for the first user from a second user utilizing another IM client of the one or more IM clients.

With the tremendous advances in technology over the years, people have increasingly taken advantage of these technological advances in order to fulfill their needs. For example, people can now communicate rapidly with other people via computer networks and the Internet by utilizing technologies such as electronic mail and instant messaging. Instant messaging has a particular advantage in that it provides the capability of real-time communication between two or more users using instant messaging clients over a network. However, as a greater number of users began to use instant messaging, they desired to have the ability to message other users when those other users were either offline or otherwise unavailable. As a result, a few of the instant messaging platforms modified their platforms to allow users to send messages to offline users for eventual delivery to the offline users when they came back online.
Although various technology solutions exist for sending messages to offline users using instant messaging clients, existing solutions require the application providing a message monitoring service to be completely trusted by the instant messaging service before being allowed to access messages intended for an offline user. Current message monitoring services typically need to be implemented as part of an instant messaging server and utilize the security credentials of the user in order log in on behalf of the offline user and to perform message monitoring services. Such a requirement can provide the message monitoring service with complete access to the user's account and other information.
As a result, there is a need for more efficient and effective systems for providing electronic monitoring and management services for an instant messaging user by utilizing security tokens.

System and method for client-based instant message monitoring for off-line users

International Business Machines Corporation


A system and method for displaying a geographical map using a single stylus movement is presented. A user contacts a display with the stylus and selects an area on the geographical map in which the user wishes to view. The user moves the stylus into a zoom zone which processing interprets stylus movements to either zoom in or zoom out of the map. When the user is satisfied with a magnification level corresponding to the zoom commands, the user enters a pan zone. The user moves the stylus around the selected area to view other parts of the map. Processing displays different map views corresponding to the stylus movement.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates in general to a system and method for displaying views using a single stroke control. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system and method for manipulating a digital map view on an electronic device using a pointing device, such as a stylus.
2. Description of the Related Art
Electronic devices, such as personal computers, handheld devices, and mobile phones, are used to view digital images of maps. A user may wish to view a digital map in order to plan a trip, get driving directions, or to find a city location. A user may use a server-dependent method or a self-contained method for viewing digital maps. One type of server-dependent method for viewing a digital map is using the Internet. For example, many websites offer a feature which allows a user to enter a city location and the website provides a digital map for the user to view.
One type of self-contained method is mapping software which includes digital maps for a user to load on an electronic device. The user may load the mapping software on a pervasive device, such as a handheld device, an automotive computers/GPS device, or a mobile phone, in order to have the ability to view digital maps in a mobile environment. A large percentage of these devices offer a display screen, and most devices also offer some type of stylus or pointing device to allow simple command and object selection shown on the display screen. A challenge found with the existing art is that the existing art tends to mimic a desktop computer's graphical user interface (GUI) functionality. However, in mobile applications it is important to offer the user methods of processing display data with simple commands.
Another challenge found with existing art is that the user may be required to enter multiple commands in order to view an acceptable map. For example, the user may have to select a "zoom-in" button multiple times in order to achieve a desired magnification. Once the user has achieved an appropriate magnification level, the user may need to select directional arrows to pan the digital map.
What is needed, therefore, is a way for a user to manipulate a map view using a minimal amount of command sequences.

System and method for display views using a single stroke control


An indicator (e.g., “5G+” or “5G”) displayed on a mobile device is based on whether the mobile device is connected in or (if idle) has the potential of connecting in a high channel bandwidth frequency band (e.g., n77 or mmWave). An accurate indication is displayed when the mobile device is connected, or when idle and the aggregated bandwidth is not directly known, such as when anchored to a lower bandwidth cell. When in idle mode, the mobile device can maintain cell identifiers (“fingerprints”) and determine a location estimated to be within a high bandwidth cell, to thereby determine potential high bandwidth operation (e.g., and display 5G+) when connected. When in the idle mode, the mobile device can evaluate neighbor cells including if within a high channel bandwidth cell's coverage to decide whether to select “5G+” or “5G” for display to indicate the potential high bandwidth operation (or not) when connected.

For fifth generation (5G) new radio, the third generation partnership project (3GPP) provides defined standards, including for 5G standalone and non-standalone 5G-LTE (long term evolution) architectures. With respect to the non-standalone operating mode, 3GPP has defined an information element (IE) "upperLayerIndication" to indicate to user equipment that a cell is capable of supporting LTE-NR dual connectivity, which the user equipment uses to display a "5G" icon. For standalone mode, the 3GPP defined frequency band information in the system information element provides a similar indication.
However, 5G operators provide different levels of 5G service, including what is considered standard 5G, and enhanced 5G having higher bandwidth, such as including what is referred to as "5G+" and 5G ultra-wideband technologies. The information that is provided according to the 3GPP standards does not provide sufficient granularity for operators who wish to differentiate their 5G services that result from different frequency bands/channel bandwidth.


Printed circuit boards (PCBs) may include embedded lateral connectors. The embedded lateral connectors may be configured to enable components to quickly couple to or plug into a PCB, thus saving time to form connections. The embedded lateral connectors may also reduce weight and/or size by avoiding need for bulky tradition collections with conventional components (e.g., solders, external pin connectors, etc.). The connectors may include male connectors, female connectors, and/or mounting connectors. The connectors may be configured to connect multiple PCBs together, such as using a stacked configuration, which may enable reducing a volume of space needed in a housing for the PCBs.

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are formed during a manufacturing process, and then often later modified to add components, such as surface-mounted processors and other components. Some components are added to PCBs by adding solder to create electrical connections. Other components may be added by bolting through apertures formed through a thin side of a PCB, which is typically less than a few millimeters thick. Both of these processes add weight to the overall system and add bulk by increasing an overall volume of the PCB, and in particular, a thickness of the finished PCB.

Printed circuit board with embedded lateral connector


An electronic door system is disclosed for a door that selectively closes a door opening of a building structure. The electronic door system includes two or more of a gyroscope that senses angular velocity of the door, an accelerometer that senses acceleration of the door, a capacitive sensor that capacitively senses the building structure, or a microphone that senses sound of the door. The electronic door system also includes a controller that assesses a physical position of the door according to the two or more of the gyroscope, the accelerometer, the capacitive sensor, or the microphone.

Building door security systems may include door sensors for determining whether a building door or other entry point (e.g., a window) is open or closed. Conventional door sensors are multi-component systems that include a permanent magnet that is affixed to and moves with the door and a magnetic sensor that is affixed to a non-moving portion of the building (e.g., molding surrounding door opening). When the door is closed, the magnetic sensor detects the permanent magnet and sends a corresponding signal.


A method of forming a contact structure is provided. A silicon-containing substrate is provided with a composite dielectric layer formed thereon. An opening penetrates through the composite dielectric layer and exposes a portion of the source/drain region. A titanium nitride layer is formed in the opening, and the titanium nitride layer is in contact with the exposed portion of the source/drain region. The titanium nitride layer is annealed, so that the bottom portion of the titanium nitride layer is partially transformed into a titanium silicide layer. A conductive layer is formed to fill up the opening.

Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a semiconductor process, and more particularly to a method of forming a contact structure.
Description of Related Art
MOS is a basic structure widely applied to various semiconductor devices, such as memory devices, image sensors and display devices. An electric device is required to be made lighter, thinner and smaller. The traditional MOS transistor is difficult to scale down due to the limitation of the fabricating process, and a multi-gate transistor with better properties is therefore developed.
In either a traditional MOS transistor or a multi-gate transistor, the aspect ratio of a contact opening becomes larger and larger as the device size is continuously scaled down. Complicated steps are usually implemented to form a high-aspect-ratio contact structure, and the process cost is thereby increased.


In a method for determining the relative position, velocity, acceleration, and/or the rotation center of a body displaceable in a three dimensional space, at least twelve linear acceleration sensors are provided and in each case arranged on a position which is stationarily fixed with respect to the body. At least one acceleration measurement signal is captured by the linear acceleration sensors. A position, velocity, acceleration, and/or rotation center signal is generated for the body from the acceleration measurement signal and data describing the position and orientation of the linear acceleration sensors in the body-fixed coordinate system.

The invention relates to a method for determining the relative position, velocity, and/or acceleration of a body displaceable in a one to three dimensional space, wherein a plurality of linear acceleration sensors, which in each case have a sensitive measurement axis, is arranged and wherein the individual linear acceleration sensors are always arranged on a position Pi which is stationary with respect to the body. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for determining the relative position, velocity, and/or acceleration of a body in a one to three dimensional space, wherein the device has a plurality of linear acceleration sensors stationarily arranged with respect to the body for capturing at least one acceleration measurement signal {right arrow over (a)}=(a1, a2, a3, a4, . . . an).
A relative position is to be understood as a position relative to a reference position, for example, a starting position. A linear acceleration sensor is to be understood as a unidirectional acceleration sensor, which is sensitive to accelerations that have at least one component that lies on the measurement axis of said linear acceleration sensor. The linear acceleration sensors can be structurally separated from each other, each one being arranged in its own housing. However, it is also possible for at least two and especially three linear acceleration accelerators having different measurement axes to be integrated as a multidirectional acceleration sensor in a common electric or electronic component.
A method and a device for determining the angular velocity of a turnable body, such as a vehicle, are disclosed in DE 199 62 687 A1. For measuring an acceleration measurement signal, a total of nine linear acceleration sensors, in each case having a sensitive measurement axis passing through the corresponding position, are fix mounted on the body in four non-adjacent positions. Three linear acceleration sensors, which in each case are oriented with their sensitive measurement axis toward one of the x, y, z axes of the body-fixed coordinate system, are provided in a first position arranged in the origin of the body-fixed coordinate system. Two other linear sensors, of which one is oriented with its measurement axis in z-direction and the other of which is oriented with its measurement axis in x-direction, are provided in a second position arranged at a distance r1 from the origin on the y-axis. Two other linear sensors, of which one is oriented with its measurement axis in y-direction and the other of which is oriented with its measurement axis in z-direction, are provided in a third position arranged at a distance r2 from the origin on the x-axis. In a corresponding manner, two linear sensors, which are oriented in x- or y-direction, are provided in a fourth position arranged on the z-axis at a distance r3 from the origin. The acceleration {right arrow over (a)} at a given point P is expressed as:{right arrow over (a)}=A(t)+{right arrow over ({dot over (ω)}x{right arrow over (r)}+{right arrow over (ω)}x({right arrow over (ω)}x{right arrow over (r)})+2·{right arrow over (ω)}x{right arrow over ({dot over (r)}+{right arrow over ({umlaut over (r)}  Equation (1)
Where:
A is the acceleration of the origin of the body-fixed coordinate system,
t is the time,
{right arrow over (ω)} is the angular velocity of the body, and
{right arrow over (r)} is the position vector that indicates the point P from the origin of the body-fixed coordinate system.
Assuming that a linear acceleration sensor is fix mounted on the point P of the body, the terms {right arrow over ({dot over (r)} and {right arrow over ({umlaut over (r)} become equal to zero. With this assumption, one obtains:{right arrow over (a)}=A(t)+{right arrow over ({dot over (ω)}x{right arrow over (r)}+{right arrow over (ω)}x({right arrow over (ω)}x{right arrow over (r)})  Equation (2)
This is a three dimensional, non-linear differential equation system, which as a rule cannot be solved analytically. The determination of the angular velocity of the turnable body therefore requires a relative complicated calculation. The device operating according to the procedure is therefore correspondingly complicated, expensive, and this notwithstanding, usually inaccurate.
DE 199 62 687 A1 discloses another prior art procedure in which the angular acceleration {right arrow over (ω)}x of the body about the x-axis is measured by only four linear acceleration sensors fix mounted on the body. In this arrangement, two linear acceleration sensors are arranged in the origin of the body-fixed coordinate system, wherein a first linear acceleration sensor is oriented with its measurement axis toward the y-axis and a second linear acceleration sensor is oriented with its measurement axis toward the z-axis. A third linear acceleration sensor is arranged on the y-axis at a distance r1 from the origin and oriented toward the z-axis. A fourth linear acceleration sensor is arranged on the z-axis at a distance r3 from the origin with its sensitive measurement axis oriented toward the y-axis. If one plugs the positions of the four linear acceleration sensors into equation (2), algebraic transformation gives:
                                          ω            .                    x                =                                                            a                                  z                                                                                1                                            -                              a                                  z                                                                                0                                                                    2              ·                              r                1                                              -                                                    a                                  y                                                                                3                                            -                              a                                  y                                                                                0                                                                    2              ·                              r                3                                                                        Equation                                                            (          3          )
wherein az0, az1, ay0, ay1 represent the measurement values of the four linear acceleration sensors. Equation (3), however, only applies to the special case where the first and third linear acceleration sensors are always oriented with their measurement axes exactly in y-direction and where both of the other linear acceleration sensors are oriented with their measurement axes perpendicular thereto in z-direction. The perpendicular arrangement of the linear acceleration sensors, however, is problematic in practice, as manufacturing and positioning tolerances arise in the manufacture and attachment of the linear acceleration sensors on the body. Deviations in positioning and alignment are almost inevitable, especially when mounting the linear acceleration sensors on the body. Even small deviations of the position of the linear acceleration sensors from the sensor arrangement on which equation (3) is based can lead to relatively large errors in the calculation of the angular acceleration {right arrow over (ω)}x. This is especially disadvantageous when the angular acceleration signal for determining the position of the body integrates and the errors add up without limit. This last point in particular was the decisive reason why the use of position determining devices that employ linear sensors only never caught on.
It is therefore the object of the invention to develop a method and a device as mentioned in the introduction that enable a simple, exact determination of the position, velocity, and/or acceleration of one of the bodies.

Method and device for determining the relative position, velocity and/or acceleration of a body


An impact absorption system for a motor vehicle has a steering column with a first sleeve and a second sleeve. The first sleeve is sized to receive a portion of the second sleeve. The sleeves extend between a first mounting bracket and a second mounting bracket. A piston cylinder assembly is mounted between the first and second mounting brackets. A plurality of igniters is in communication with the piston cylinder assembly. The plurality of igniters, when activated, are capable of releasing a pressurized fluid to pressurize the piston cylinder assembly. A plurality of sensors are mounted within the motor vehicle for signaling the vehicle and driver conditions. A controller is in communication with the plurality of sensors and the plurality of igniters. The controller activates at least one of the plurality of igniters based on the signals from the plurality of sensors during an impact event.

Throughout the automotive industry, safety systems have become standard equipment on all automobiles. Two typical safety systems include the airbag deployment system and the collapsible steering column system. Both systems act to absorb the energy of a collision to thereby protect the occupants of the vehicle. The airbag system accomplishes this by deploying an airbag which then collapses as the driver or other occupant strikes the airbag. The airbag absorbs impact energy as it collapses and deflates. The collapsible steering column absorbs energy by collapsing, or "stroking", such that it absorbs the energy of the impact as it strokes.
Typically, these safety systems have a set level of energy that they are capable of absorbing. Specifically, the airbag deploys with a predetermined pressure and force under all impact events, and the steering column strokes under a given impact force and absorbs a set amount of energy during the stroke. These devices as an integrated system are not tunable to specific vehicle and driver conditions in a "real time" impact event. For example, a larger, heavier occupant requires a different level of energy absorption in a given collision than a smaller, lighter occupant. Traditional airbag and steering column systems are not tunable in real time.

Steering column/airbag tunable impact absorption system


Provided are a nonvolatile memory device and a method for fabricating the same. The method includes sequentially stacking on a semiconductor substrate a first interlayer dielectric film, a first sacrificial layer, a second interlayer dielectric film, and a second sacrificial layer, forming a resistance variable layer and a first electrode penetrating the first and second interlayer dielectric films and the first and second sacrificial layers, forming an upper trench by removing a top portion of the first electrode, filling the upper trench with a channel layer, exposing a portion of a side surface of the resistance variable layer by removing the second sacrificial layer, forming an insulation layer within the channel layer, and forming a second electrode on the exposed resistance variable layer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a nonvolatile memory device and a method for fabricating the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
A semiconductor memory device is a storage device implemented using a semiconductor material, such as silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), gallium arsenide (GaAs), or indium phosphide (InP). Semiconductor memory devices are largely divided into volatile memory devices and nonvolatile memory devices.
A volatile memory device is a memory device that can lose stored data when power is cut off. Volatile memory devices include a static RAM (SRAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), and a synchronous DRAM (SDRAM).
A nonvolatile memory device is a memory device that retains stored data even when the supply of power is cut off. A nonvolatile memory device includes a read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable and programmable ROM (EEPROM), a flash memory device, a resistive memory device (for example, phase-change RAM (PRAM), ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), or resistive RAM (RRAM) etc.).

Nonvolatile memory device and method for fabricating the same


In an icing condition detection system, a circuit provides an output representing impending icing conditions as a function of power consumption of a single element detector. A thermal isolation pedestal includes a detector support end that supports the single element detector and an opposite strut mounting end. A thermal isolation controller controls a thermal isolation pedestal temperature to thermally isolate the single element detector from a strut mounting end.

Various types of thermal icing condition detectors for aircraft are known. Thermal icing condition detectors typically include a "wet" thermal sensor that is exposed to atmospheric conditions including water and ice, and a "dry" thermal sensor that is shielded from icing. The shielding from icing typically uses complex internal probe passageways to separate water and ice from the "dry" thermal sensor. The internal passageways are expensive to construct, difficult to inspect, and subject to plugging with debris during use, and difficult to clean.
Embodiments of the present invention provide solutions to these and other problems, and offer other advantages over the prior art.

Impending icing probe with thermal isolation pedestal


There is a need for keeping the amount of data to be saved and a simulation process time almost constant irrespectively of a hierarchical level of a hierarchical circuit to be simulated. This simulation method includes a first process and a second process. The first process saves result data obtained from simulating an interface node between higher-level and lower-level hierarchies in accordance with a result of simulation using hierarchical circuit data hierarchized for multiple hierarchies. The second process uses result data saved by the first process to reproduce internal node data not saved by the first process. Result data for the interface node between hierarchies indirectly determines a value for the internal node. Result data to be saved is data concerning the interface node between hierarchies. The amount of saved data and the time needed for the second process are independent of a hierarchical level or a higher-level or lower-level hierarchy.

The present invention relates to a data processing method typified by a circuit simulating method and a simulation program. For example, the invention relates to a technology effectively applied to a simulator used for development or design of semiconductor integrated circuits.
The circuit simulation technology is used as a circuit verification technology for the circuit design and the layout design of a semiconductor integrated circuit. Recently, devices have become smaller and consequently circuits have become large in scale and highly integrated. It becomes obvious that the circuit simulation time becomes long and the amount of data for saving simulation results increases. When a designer wants to ensure he obtains the information he needs, he needs to specify explicitly the information to output before doing the actual circuit simulation. Only specified information is saved as result data. Accordingly, result data that is not saved cannot be displayed. To enable any result to be displayed without specifically selecting the data to output, it is necessary to perform a simulation that specifies all the circuit nodes to be output. As a result, the data of from all nodes need to be maintained. A large-scale circuit generates a large amount of data because all the results need to be saved. It is practically impossible to save all the data. Increasing the amount of data for result display also increases the retrieval time for result data and slows display speed. In addition, large-scale circuits increase simulation process time and therefore also increases the re-simulation time required when the circuit is partially modified or an element parameter is modified.
Concerning reduction of a storage area for saving simulation results, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 11(1999)-96207 describes a technology of compressing the saved simulation result data. Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication NO. Hei 9(1997)-259151 discloses a technology that divides a circuit from an upstream and a downstream side of a signal path with respect to a modified circuit block and performs simulation for each part downstream of the modified block which would be affected by the modification of the block.
However, the technology described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 11(1999)-96207 additionally requires compression and decompression processes and further increases computation time due to the simulation and the result display. The technology described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication NO. Hei 9(1997)-259151 decreases the amount of memory used for computation, but does not decrease the storage capacity of auxiliary storage means for maintaining results. The circuit needs to be divided so as not to be dependent on the other simulation results and needs to be serially simulated. The process time is considered to increase.
The applicants made an application for patent (International Publication 03/036523 in the form of a brochure). The simulation method according to the application includes first and second processes. The first process performs simulation and saves a result so that a result output node corresponds to a higher hierarchical circuit node for hierarchical circuit data. The second process performs simulation under a specified initial condition for a lower hierarchical circuit node using the simulation result saved by the above-mentioned process as input/output information about a circuit area containing the lower hierarchical circuit node.

Simulation method and simulation program


A flush toilet includes a rear storage configured to store a control unit of a toilet main body. The rear storage includes a supporting wall configured to support the control unit so as to divide a storage region of the rear storage into upper and lower regions. In a rear supporting region of the rear storage, a first distance in a horizontal left-right direction from an outer joining portion to an inner joining portion in the supporting wall is shorter than a second distance in the horizontal left-right direction from an outer wall in the double wall of the skirt to an inner joining portion of the supporting wall. The second distance is set to a maximum width dimension in the left-right direction in an internal space of the double wall of the skirt.

Conventionally, as a flush toilet which is flushed with flush water to discharge waste, there is known, for example, as described in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2017-89282) and Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2014-114632), a so-called "full skirt" or "total Hakama" flush toilet in which a skirt formed on an outer side than a side surface of each of a bowl of a toilet main body made of ceramics and a water discharge trap is formed all around the toilet main body. In this conventional "full skirt" or "total Hakama" flush toilet, a storage region that can store a control unit including a function of controlling the spout water to the bowl of the toilet main body is provided in a region more rearward than the bowl of the toilet main body.
Further, in a conventional flush toilet described in Patent Document 1, a side wall of a skirt forms a double wall including an outer wall forming an outer surface, and an inner wall provided inside this outer wall. The side wall of the skirt has a structure of the double wall, forms an internal space between the outer wall and the inner wall in the double wall and is attached to a supporting wall that supports the control unit in a storage region of the control unit of the toilet main body. Furthermore, in a conventional flush toilet described in Patent Document 2, a supporting wall provided in a storage region of a control unit of a toilet main body extends in a horizontal direction from an attached portion to a water discharge trap to skirts on opposite left and right sides. Opposite left and right ends of this supporting wall are attached to single wall portions of side walls of the left and right skirts, respectively, and in the side wall of the skirt below the attached portion, a double wall is formed. That is, the opposite left and right ends of the supporting wall are supported by the single wall portion above the attached portion to the skirt, and are also supported by the double wall below the attached portion to the skirt.
On the other hand, one of aims that have been requested to be achieved in recent years with design diversification of the flush toilet and improvement in design such as appearance of the flush toilet is to acquire a large storage region that stores a control unit in a region more rearward than a bowl of a toilet main body, while reducing (slimming) an external dimension of the whole toilet main body. For example, in the conventional flush toilet described in Patent Document 1, the double wall of the side wall of the skirt is attached to the supporting wall of the storage region of the control unit, and hence a storage section with a sufficient strength to withstand a weight of the control unit can be acquired. However, there is a problem that a structure of the side wall of the skirt with a thickness of the double wall in an entire region from a lower end to an upper end reduces and narrows the storage region of the control unit. Furthermore, in the conventional flush toilet described in Patent Document 2, a region of the skirt below the attached portion between the supporting wall provided in the storage region of the control unit and each of the left and right side walls of the skirt is a double wall, and a region of the skirt above the attached portion between the supporting wall and each of the left and right side walls of the skirt is a single wall portion. Consequently, there is a problem that the storage region of the control unit cannot be acquired in a region below the horizontal supporting wall and is integrated in the region above the horizontal supporting wall, and hence it is difficult to acquire a large storage region of the control unit in each of the regions below and above the wall part. Also, the storage region integrated in the region above the supporting wall is surrounded with the single wall portion of the side wall of the skirt and might lack strength depending on a weight of the control unit stored in a storage part, and there is a problem that deformation such as distortion of the supporting wall or the skirt affects an appearance shape or the like of the toilet main body.
Accordingly, the present invention is aimed at solving problems of the conventional arts described above and is aimed at providing a flush toilet in which a large storage region of a control unit in a toilet main body can be acquired while suppressing an external dimension of the whole toilet main body, and in which strength can be increased while ensuring design and productivity for the whole toilet main body.


A method of assigning identification codes to devices, each device including a controller, a memory, and a switch, with the devices connected in a series circuit. The method includes opening all of the switches, supplying a signal, including an identification code, to the first device of the series circuit and storing the identification code in the memory of the first device, closing the switch of the first device to connect to the next device in the series circuit, sending an acknowledgement to the series circuit, and repeating the process for each of the devices, successively, for each of the devices in the series circuit, and assigning a different identification code to each of the devices.

DMX512 (i.e. Digital Multiplex with 512 pieces of information) is a standard protocol for digital communication networks. It is being widely used in certain industries and in particular the stage lighting industry. RDM (i.e. Remote Device Management) is a protocol enhancement to DMX512 that allows bi-directional communication between each individual device and the master controller. It allows every individual device to report the current status back to the master controller. e.g. temperature and power consumption, etc.
The network construction of DMX512 is based on EIA-485, a standard defining the electrical characteristics of drivers and receivers for use in balanced digital multipoint systems. It supports bi-directional digital communication. Every device linked in the system has a unique identification address or ID code for sending and receiving commands and data between the individual device and the master controller. During installation, it is necessary to assign a unique ID code to each individual device linked in the system either by setting certain DIP switches or programming it onto EEPROM. This makes installation tedious and time consuming.
The invention seeks to mitigate or at least alleviate such a problem by providing a new or otherwise improved method of assigning identification codes to a plurality of devices connected in a network.

Method of assigning identification codes to devices in a network


A packet loss processing method and a network device are provided. The method includes: A first node obtains a first forwarding label of a first packet, where the first packet is a discarded packet. The first node determines, based on the first forwarding label, that the first node does not have a LSP corresponding to the first forwarding label. The first node sends a first message to a second node, where the first message includes the first forwarding label, and the first message is used to indicate that the first node does not have the LSP corresponding to the first forwarding label. The second node may be, for example, a peer node of the first node. The first node sends the message to the peer node, to indicate that the first node does not have the LSP corresponding to the forwarding label.

Multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) is a technology that uses a label to guide data transmission in an open communications network. Specifically, when a packet enters an MPLS network, a network device in the MPLS network allocates a corresponding label to the packet, and encapsulates the label and the packet together. Therefore, the network device may forward, in an entire forwarding process of the packet, the packet based on the label.
In the MPLS network, when a service traffic packet loss occurs in a live network, a packet loss cause needs to be quickly identified, and a service needs to be restored, to ensure normal forwarding of service traffic. Currently, when the service traffic packet loss occurs in the live network, operation and maintenance personnel usually log in to a faulty network device in the live network and a neighboring network device of the faulty network device, to collect a large amount of entry information. The operation and maintenance personnel then deduce, based on the collected information, a cause of a network device fault, and restore the network device, thereby restoring the service.
A current fault rectification manner requires the operation and maintenance personnel to collect a large amount of information and perform comparison and deduction. As a result, network rectification efficiency is low, and normal forwarding of the service may be affected for a relatively long period of time.

Packet loss processing method and network device


A machine for preparing coffee, white coffee or similar infused beverages, on single or multiple doses thereof, utilizes waffles (40) packed in advance, applied in a continuous band (41), in a number sufficient to prepare various coffees or other infused beverages. The machine has guide and feeding device (43) associated to the infusion units (35), (36) and the filters (97), (98) thereof, to determine the advancement of the band (41) through the infusion units (35), (36), by stopping each waffle in correspondence thereto for performing the related infusion operation. The machine may contain also a mixer-emulsifier (52) with conduits (105) communicating or not communicating with the infusion units (35), (36) through a switching valve member (106), for preparing the white coffee or other infused beverages mixed with milk.

At the present time, there are known machines of different kind for preparing coffee, white coffee or similar infused beverages, comprising substantially one or more infusion units housed into a box-like housing and provided with a respective boiler for containing water, which is suitably heated by means of electric heating elements connected in the machine electric circuit, and one or more filters in which the ground coffee (or other raw material for the infusion) is introduced in advance, which filters are arranged on a position below the relative infusion units for permitting the heated water coming from the related boiler to pass therethough, thus preparing the coffee or other infused beverages.
Moreover, in the case in which such machines are arranged for preparing white coffee too, they also include one or more mixer-emulsifier units of per se known type, communicating with at least a milk containing receptacle housed into said machine box-like housing, on a position above the corresponding mixer-emulsifier unit. Then, in this case the milk is heated in advance in the machine and introduced on metered amounts thereof in the corresponding mixer-emulsifier, where it emulsifies itself with air at a pre-established ratio, thereby forming milk foam, which is subsequently introduced in the receptacle containing the coffee or other infused beverage which has been prepared in advance in the machine, by mixing with it therewith. These kinds of machines therefore permit to obtain coffee, white coffee or similar infused beverages with different operations, in which first of all are needed the 1) preparation of the ground coffee (or of the different raw materials for the other infused beverages), 2) the introduction in the corresponding filter thereof, which filter has been detached from the machine in advance, and subsequently coupled in the same machine, and finally 3) the introduction of the associated infusion unit for preparing the desired infused beverage, with the need to provide another mixing with the milk foam thereof, in case in which infused beverages mixed with milk have to be prepared.
Moreover, there is the need to clean the different filters after a prolonged operation period thereof, for being re-used in subsequent operations of the same kind and this makes complicated and less practical in use the operation and maintenance of these machines and permits the use thereof exclusively as machines for a bar, wherein they are able to prepare infused beverages generally in a limited and discontinuous frequency, and therefore do not lend themselves evidently for a use in which a continuous preparation of numerous infused beverages is required such as for example in community refectories and the like.

Machine for preparing coffee, white coffee or similar infused beverages, on single or multiple doses thereof


In a sampling signal generation circuit, means for producing a plurality of clock signals from a reference clock signal is provided. The transition points of these clock signals are compared with those of a signal to be sampled. As the result of this comparison, the most suitable clock signal is selected to be a sampling signal, in order to carry out a sampling of the signal.

1. Field of the invention
This invention relates to a sampling signal generation circuit in which the most suitable signal can be generated so as to carry out a correct sampling of an input signal.
2. Description of the prior arts
In a circuit for sampling digital signals, e.g., data signals, according to a synchronizing signal, e.g., a clock signal, these digital signals should be input in a stable and effective state. The circuit includes a sampling circuit for separately sampling output signals from a flip-flop circuit. In order to realize said stable sampling, clock signals should not be given when signals to be sampled are in an unstable state or in a transition state.
In the past, to realize said stable sampling, the length of signal lines, in which sampling signals and clock signals are traveling, were so adjusted that timings between both signals become appropriate. In other words, the traveling speeds of signals to be sampled and clock signals were adjusted by changing their signal line lengths. In this case, however, the signal line lengths should be decided precisely by correctly calculating the traveling delays of signals in the circuit, so as to obtain an appropriate timing between both signals. This means that an enormous effort was required to design circuits correctly. Furthermore, as traveling speeds of signals become faster, flexible period of timings between both signals becomes shorter. The signal line lengths should, therefore, be decided more precisely, thus making it a difficult to design such circuits.
Once the circuit, which is designed as mentioned above, is fabricated as an integrated circuit product, errors arise between real circuit values of the product and designed values, due to various reasons which are caused within fabrication processes. If these errors are above the tolerance, an additional adjustment, such as to form a signal line using a concentric cable outside a chip, is required to correct the errors. Because of this adjustment, however, the integration of the circuit become difficult, thus causing difficulty in reducing the size of a product.
In addition to the disadvantages mentioned above, the prior art circuit has another disadvantage. That is, when the phase of a sampling signal, which is synchronous with a clock signal, varies during the operation, there is no way to correct the timing of both signals to avoid an erroneous operation. In other words, the prior art circuit cannot carry out real time processing for the phase variations of a sampling signal and a signal to be sampled. As a result, the reliability of the prior art circuit is degraded.


A method and system for call admission and preemption in a network having an ingress node and an egress node defining an ingress/egress node pair, and one or more core nodes located in a path between the ingress node and the egress node and configured to mark packets exceeding an admission threshold. The method includes calculating a sustainable preemption rate based on a rate of traffic received at the egress node from the ingress node that passed through the one or more core nodes without being marked, and a ratio between a preemption threshold and the admission threshold. If a traffic load to the egress node is greater than the sustainable preemption rate, at least some traffic is dropped so that the traffic load does not exceed the sustainable preemption rate for the ingress/egress node pair.

The present disclosure relates generally to stateless call admission and call preemption with a single metering and marking scheme.
The IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) is investigating methods for controlling the admitted load of voice (and multimedia) traffic over a packet network without support of per flow, or even per aggregate, states in the core. (See, B. Briscoe et al., "A Framework for Admission Control over DiffServ using Pre-Congestion Notification", IETF draft-briscoe-tsvwg-cl-architecture-03.txt, Jun. 26, 2006 and B. Briscoe et al., "Pre-Congestion Notification Marking", IETF draft-briscoe-tsvwg-cl-phb-02.txt, Jun. 26, 2006, which are both incorporated by reference herein in their entirety). This can be referred to as a CAC (Call Admission Control) approach over a stateless core.
The method relies on core nodes providing explicit notification information to edge nodes when the traffic load on a core link reaches certain levels. The edge nodes use some of this explicit notification information to decide whether new calls should be accepted. This is referred to as a flow "Admission" process. The edge nodes may also use some explicit notification information to drop calls that are already in place if needed. This is referred to as a flow "Preemption" process.
In order to provide the explicit notification information, the core node meters voice traffic load on each link, and when it reaches predefined thresholds the core node sets particular bits in the header of packets (PCN-bits (pre-congestion notification-bits)).
An important requirement for this method is that the Admission and Preemption processes are able to react at different load thresholds. For example, a network operator policy may be to stop admitting new voice calls when the load through a given link reaches 50%, but only start dropping calls when the load exceeds 70%.
Because of this requirement, the solutions proposed in IETF typically involve separate metering/marking schemes for Admission and for Preemption. In core routers, the traffic is metered against the Admission Threshold, and if in excess, a codepoint is set in the PCN-bits indicating "Admission Threshold exceeded". The traffic is also metered against the Preemption Threshold, and if in excess, another codepoint is set in the PCN-bits indicating "Preemption Threshold exceeded".
One approach proposed in IETF does not require preemption marking, however, it does require two separate measurement schemes; one measurement for Admission and another measurement for Preemption/Dropping. Furthermore, this approach mandates that the configured preemption rate is set to a drop rate. This is a significant restriction in that it results in preemption only taking effect once packets actually get dropped.

Stateless call admission and call preemption with a single metering and marking scheme


A measuring apparatus for measuring a substrate concentration by using a sensor including an enzyme reagent layer includes a state detecting unit that applies a first voltage and a second voltage different from the first voltage to the sensor to detect a state of the enzyme reagent layer based on a difference between a first response current value obtained under application of the first voltage and a second response current value obtained under application of the second voltage.

As a subcutaneous indwelling type glucose sensor, one in which an enzyme reagent layer is provided on a working electrode and the enzyme reagent layer (or the whole sensor in general) is covered with an outer layer film for restricting diffusion of a substrate in the enzyme reagent layer is known.
The outer layer film of such a glucose sensor is degraded during use of the sensor (over time elapsing after subcutaneous indwelling). When the outer layer film is degraded, an error occurs in a measurement result of a glucose concentration, and therefore, a technique for detecting that the outer layer film has been degraded (a defect has been caused in the outer layer film) has been developed.
Specifically, a technique in which a voltage for obtaining a response derived from a substrate is continuously applied to a sensor, a time T at which change of a response current value caused immediately after the voltage application becomes smaller or larger than a change threshold value is measured, and it is determined that a defect has been caused in an outer layer film if the time T is smaller than a time threshold value (see, for example, Patent Document 1) has been developed.
[Patent document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2012-176229
According to the aforementioned technique, although it may be detected that the outer layer film of the sensor has been degraded, it is impossible to detect that the enzyme reagent layer of the sensor has been degraded. Besides, the enzyme reagent layer of the sensor may be degraded prior to the outer layer film in some cases. Therefore, there is a demand for a technique in which a state (a normal state, a degraded state or the like) of an enzyme reagent layer of a sensor including an outer layer film and the enzyme reagent layer, such as the aforementioned glucose sensor, may be detected.
Besides, in some of glucose sensors not of the subcutaneous indwelling type, the diffusion is restricted without providing an outer layer film (for example, as in a self monitoring blood glucose sensor for measuring a Cottrell current), but a technique in which degradation of an enzyme reagent layer of such a sensor has also not been developed at present.
Accordingly, an object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a technique in which a state of an enzyme reagent layer of a sensor including an outer layer film and a sensor not including an outer layer film may be detected.

Measuring apparatus, detection method, electrochemical sensor and measuring system


In a case where facsimile communications are executed via a communication line according to a specified communication protocol, in a machine in the receiving side, expanded functional information indicating the receiving form of the machine is stored in an expanded functional information memory, the expanded functional information stored in the expanded functional memory is returned by a control section to a machine in the transmitting side according to a request from the machine in the transmitting side, and then a facsimile message is received in the receiving form according to the expanded functional information notified from the machine in the transmitting side after a response is returned for controlling an output operation of a color printer.

In a color facsimile machine having a function for transaction of color documents, the color space has been standardized with L*a*b*, the compression system with JPEG (Joint Photographic Coding Experts Group) or the like, the communication protocol with, for instance, the Group 4 color extension.
In a monochrome type of facsimile machine which is used in a wide range, a received image is generally outputted at a resolution of 240 dpi or 300 dpi. In an outputted image at this resolution, the image is not degraded even if it is copied by a copying machine because the image is monochrome.
As described above, as for an image outputted by the monochrome facsimile machine, a sufficient grade of reproduction thereof can be obtained even if it is copied by a copying machine, and for this reason, when a plurality of copies of a document are required, the plurality of copies in the required grade thereof can be obtained by copying them with the copying machine, which means that it is not required to make the monochrome facsimile machine output a plurality of copies of a document.
However, in a case where an output image obtained by a color facsimile machine from image data transferred in the L*a*b* color space and an output image obtained by color-printing in three colors of Y (Yellow), M (Magenta), and C (Cyan), or in four colors of Y, M, C, and Bk (Black) which is added thereto with a color printer are copied by a copying machine, the image obtained thereby is largely degraded as compared to the monochrome image described above because there is a big difference in a gray scale expression and in a color reproduction system between the color facsimile machine or color printer and the copying machine, which causes the reproduction of the image to be degraded.
Also, in the monochrome facsimile machine described above, in a case of a machine which processes a binary image in black and white, the image is not degraded, however in a case of a machine which processes a multi-valued image in black and white, the output image is expressed in a multi-level of a gray scale (if a black and white gray scale is 8 bits, the gray scale has 256 levels), so that a degree of degradation in an image is affected according to the expression with the gray scale. For this reason, the more multiple levels the gray scale has, the more the reproducibility is degraded.
Furthermore, a data rate of color data for a color facsimile machine as well as of multi-valued data for a monochrome facsimile machine becomes substantially larger as compared to binary data for the monochrome facsimile machine, and especially, a period of time by units of a couple of minutes is required for outputting a color image per sheet in the process of forming a color image by a copying machine. For this reason, in a case where a plurality copies of a color image are outputted by the copying machine, the copying machine is occupied for a long period of time therefor.

Facsimile machine and facsimile communication system


A hook assembly for a modular conveyor belt having a conveying surface is provided. The hook assembly has a link interleaved with a plastic link from the modular conveyor belt. A hinge pin secures the link and plastic link together. The link has a recess in the conveying surface, an aperture disposed in the recess and a slot adjacent the aperture opening into the recess. The slot has a reinforced segment. A hook having a shall is provided which is slidable in the slot and includes a sharpened end of the hook disposed on a conveying side of the link and a translational member carried by the shaft and engagable with a track on a conveyor assembly such that the interaction between the track and the translational member results in movement of the hook between a lowered position in which the hook is positioned within the recess and a raised position in which the hook is disposed above the conveying surface. A modular conveyor belt is also provided.

It is known to use conveyor systems including conveyor belts in many industries to transport product. Conveyor belts and systems in the food industry must be cleaned continuously and effectively to keep the belts and systems sanitary. Modular plastic belts or chains are frequently used in the food industry as they are cleanable.
Unfortunately, current devices used to hold down product, such as Meat or other food product, on a conveyor belt are not suitable for use with a modular conveyor belt. Instead these conveyor belts used with hold down assemblies are often formed of metal, and in particular are often formed of multiple steel chains with stainless steel slats bolted to the chains to form a continuous belt. As a result, the belts are often difficult to clean, leading to problems maintaining a sanitary conveyor system. Furthermore, metal conveyor belts are prone to bind or jam, are heavy, and are generally cumbersome and expensive to install and use.
Accordingly, a hook assembly which is easy to install, use, and maintain in a sanitary condition with a plastic modular conveyor belt is provided.

Industrial Design Fabrication & Installation, Inc.


Technologies for virtual attribute assignment include a compute device. The compute device is configured to receive an attribute assignment command from a user and analyze the attribute assignment command to determine a user-selected virtual object, a user-referenced attribute of the user-selected virtual object, a user-selected real object, and a user-referenced attribute of the user-selected real object. Based on the attribute assignment command, the compute device is further configured to determine a state of the user-referenced attribute of the user-selected real object and update a state of the user-referenced attribute of the user-selected virtual object based on the state of the user-referenced attribute of the user-selected real object.

Augmented Reality (AR) technology includes techniques for displaying virtual objects or images on real space or on a display of an image of that real space. In some augmented reality systems, the virtual objects may include various attributes that may be selected or modified by a user. For example, in the case of a virtual character, the character's hair or skin tone may be selectable by the user to produce a user-customized virtual character.
Depending on the complexity of the augmented reality system, varying levels of user interaction with the virtual objects may be supported. For example, in some systems, the virtual objects may exhibit scripted interactions or functions, such as moving about the real space and interacting with the user and/or other virtual objects.

Technologies for virtual attribute assignment referencing real objects


An apparatus for installing multiple utility meters is provided. The apparatus may be attachable to an existing setter in place of a utility meter. The apparatus includes connectors for a plurality of utility meters, wherein one of the utility meters attaches such that intake into the meter and outtake out of the meter utilize the setter. The apparatus may include connectors for one or more additional meters and secondary outtakes for each of the additional meters.

When an additional metered water output is required at a property that is adjacent to a property that already has metered water, a second line is often required for the new output and a second meter. This commonly requires tapping off of a main water line in a second place, a task that requires shutting off the water main, digging a location for the second output, and installing piping for the second metered utility output.

Apparatus for multiple meter installation


A shrink fit tool holder includes a shank or body that includes a tool holder portion, a flange member, a tapered outer surface that generally corresponds to a tapered bore of a spindle, and a central bore or aperture for accommodating a cutting tool. The central bore includes a plurality of grooves formed in a predetermined pattern that decrease a surface contact area between the tool holder portion and the cutting tool, thereby reducing an amount of conductive heat transfer between the tool holder portion and the cutting tool. As a result, there is less expansion in the tool shank relative to the tool holder.

It is known in the art to utilize heat shrink or shrink fit tool assemblies in industrial applications. The prior designs have utilized unitary chucks having an inner diameter slightly smaller than the exterior diameter of the shank of the cutting tool or other work piece. During use the tool chuck is heated, typically by means of induction heating, causing the chuck to expand a sufficient amount to allow the tool shank to be inserted within the chuck. The tool is then allowed to cool during which the thermal contraction of the chuck exerts a uniform pressure on the tool shank, allowing the chuck to shrink down around the tool shank to securely lock or hold the shank in place. It has long been recognized that these types of heat shrink tool assemblies provide an improvement in accuracy and rigidity over standard milling chucks or collet chucks.
In order to remove the tool, the chuck is re-heated to expand the opening. During the heating process the chuck transfers heat to the tool shank itself. The expanding tool shank can create problems with the removal of the tool from the chuck, even resulting in the tool remaining grasped by the chuck and requiring a significant force to remove the tool or a high temperature applied to the tool holder
Accordingly, there is a need for a heat shrink tool assembly that allows for the easy and quick removal of the tool from the chuck, especially in tools with small diameters. The thermal expansion is proportional to part dimension and the temperature difference between the tool and the chuck. In small tools, the removal may become an issue as the thermal expansion approaches the manufacturing tolerances.