A flexible, high pressure gas safety hose assembly is provided. The safety hose assembly has a tube with a first end and a second end, and a metal braid covering the tube. The hose assembly also has an inner fitting connected about the tube at the first end and at the second end, respectively, as well as a spiral spring guard wrapped around the braid covering the tube. An connection fitting having an integral inner flange is provided at the first end and at the second end of the tube. A collar is crimped over the spring guard to secure the spring guard to the integral inner flange of the connection fitting at the first end and at the second end of the tube. A method of manufacturing a safety hose assembly without welding is also provided. The method has the steps of: providing a tube having a first end and a second end; wrapping the tube in a protective braid; connecting an inner collar at the first end and at the second end of the tube; wrapping a spiral spring guard around the tube; providing a connection fitting having an inner flange; press-fitting the tube and spiral spring guard onto the connection fitting such that the spring guard encircles the inner flange; and crimping an outer collar over the spring guard and the inner flange to capture the spring guard onto the connection fitting.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to hoses and more specifically to a flexible, high pressure safety hose assembly and a method of manufacturing same.
2. Description of the Related Art
In many factories, workshops and other industrial locations, tanks of compressed gas under high pressures and other materials stored in tanks are commonly used. For example, certain welding and cutting applications require the use of these tanks. The high pressure gases in these tanks present several potential dangers and hazards for the operator. For example, problems are common in the transportation, storage and handling of the tanks having contents under high pressure. Another very common hazardous situation involves the filling of the cylinders. Quite often the cylinder tanks are loaded through a standard pigtail hose. However, these standard pigtails often experience wear, including kinking, twisting, abrasion and crushing. These wear factors account for 95% of the failures of pigtails.
In the event of a burst pigtail hose, the pigtail will most likely separate at the fittings. The high pressure gas continues traveling through the pigtail which causes the pigtail to whip around uncontrollably. Such an occurrence presents a dangerous situation wherein extreme harm to an operator could result.
In addition, the cylinder tanks can easily be knocked over. When the tanks are knocked over, the pigtail hose usually breaks causing the problems mentioned above. Also, the fact that the cylinder tank is rolling around in the ground is a very dangerous situation for an operator. Workers could be easily injured by the heavy, loose tanks.
As a result, a need has arisen for a flexible high pressure safety hose assembly that is capable of containing a burst hose and providing increased strength and rupture protection features. In addition, hoses are commonly manufactured wherein the connections of the hose components are crimped or swaged. As a result, a method of manufacturing a flexible high pressure safety hose assembly is also needed which reduces costs and failures.

High pressure safety hose assembly and method of manufacturing


A thin-film device that includes a wiring electrode which contains copper. A terminal electrode is formed on a first region of the first main surface of the wiring electrode. A first close-contact layer made of a material different from copper and that has a shape covering, in a continuous manner, a second region of the first main surface of the wiring electrode, the second region being adjacent to the first region, and the side surface of the wiring electrode that is continuous with the second region.

In the related art, various thin-film devices that use copper (Cu) electrodes in rewiring layers have been put to practical use. For example, in the thin-film device described in Patent Document 1, a rewiring layer is formed on the top surface of a capacitor, and copper wiring electrodes are used in the rewiring layer. In addition, in the thin-film device described in Patent Document 1, an insulating resin layer is formed in a region excluding portions of the wiring electrodes, and solder bumps are formed on portions that are not covered with the insulating resin layer.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-81325

Thin-film device having a close-contact layer covering part of a wiring electrode, and method of manufacturing thin-film device


This device includes a machine tool for cutting and breaking out parts such as a glass template, a positioning shuttle for moving the glass from the cutting station to the different grinders, and multiple grinders for grinding the edgework of the glass. The system uses standard cutting, break out, and grinder machine tools. The special part of the system is the shuttle that transfers the parts to the grinders without relocation. The shuttle maintains the fixed position of the blank with regard to the X, Y axis of the cutting station through the grinding operation.

Current systems in the industry require location stations to transfer blanks from one tooling station to another tooling station. For example, one cutting station cannot feed multiple grinding stations without having a relocation station at each grinding station. If more than one grinder is in the system, the glass parts are transferred from the cutter to locations stations for each grinder. The transfer is normally done with conveyors that only positions the glass well enough to fit in the location stations. Location stations are costly, complicated and subject to locator wear. Further, any transfer of glass blanks to a conveyor or conveyors looses all alignment. A transfer system that eliminates conveyors and relocation stations would be highly desirable and provide a high costs savings to the industry.


Systems, methods, and non-transitory computer-readable media can receive a set of candidate training items for training an early stage model in a multi-stage recall optimization model, wherein the multi-stage recall optimization model comprises the early stage model and a target model. A random subset of the candidate training items is selected from the set of candidate training items. For each training item in the subset of candidate training items, a score is determined based on the target model. Each training item in the subset of candidate training items is labeled with a label based on a probability of the training item being a top-K of the set of candidate training items had the set of candidate training items been scored based on the target model.

Today, people often utilize computing devices (or systems) for a wide variety of purposes. Users can use their computing devices to, for example, interact with one another, access content, share content, and create content. Content may include media content items, such as images, video, or audio content. In some cases, content may be provided to users based on various machine learning models. For example, content recommender systems may utilize one or more machine learning models to suggest or provide content to users.

Systems and methods for resource-efficient data collection for multi-stage ranking systems


A first device may receive a first password from a second device. The first password may be generated based on first time information and first location information identifying a geographic location of the second device. The first device may, determine a second password based on second time information and second location information identifying the geographic location of the second device. The first device may determine that the second device is located at the geographic location at a particular time when characters in the first password match characters in the second password, and may provide a service based on determining that the second device is located at the geographic location at the particular time.

Time-based passwords can be generated and used to authenticate a client device to access a network, a server, an application, or the like. Time-based passwords may periodically update in order to enhance security such that only authorized client devices may access the network, the server, the application, etc. Verifying a location of a client device for location-based applications may be inaccurate, as the location of the client device can be roughly estimated and may be fraudulently altered.

Providing a service based on time and location based passwords


A system and method for detecting peer-to-peer network software operating on a target computer. A target file is created, and placed in one or more folders on the target computer. A search is issued on a Peer-to-Peer network for the target file. Peer-to-peer software is detected to be operating on the target computer in accordance with results of the search.

Peer-to-Peer networks comprise multiple nodes, each node typically consisting both of file server and client which can send and receive data or "Communication messages" to or from a node to which such is connected and other nodes on the network. Common Peer-to-Peer networks and software applications are Gnutella, FastTrack, Edonkey, NeoNet, Kazaa, Limewire, Morpheus, Bear Share, Bit Torrent, Shareaza, Emule, and Freenet.
In a Peer-to-Peer network, each node is connected to other nodes over a communication medium such as the Internet either directly or through some type of proxy. For example, when a search request is issued such originating node sends a search request to all of the nodes to which it is connected. (See FIG. 1) These nodes search their list of available files and if a match is found they send a response back with the location. However, a Peer-to-Peer proxy network typically consists of node A which is connected to a node B and node B is connected to a node C. (See FIG. 2) Node A is not connected to node C such that if node A issues a search request it will be forwarded to node B and Node B will search its available files and if a match is found it will send a response back to node A. Node B will then forward node A's request to node C and Node C will search its available files and if a match is found it will send a response back to node B. Node B will then forward this response to node A. FIG. 3 discloses a nonproxy loop network wherein each node is directly connected to another.
Some Peer-to-Peer networks utilize a leaf node/main node proxy topology (see FIG. 4) where some nodes are classified as main nodes and the remaining nodes are classified as leaf nodes. Leaf nodes can only connect to main nodes. Only main nodes can connect to other main nodes. When a leaf node issues a search request it sends the request to the main node to which it is connected. The main node then forwards the request to any other leaf nodes that are connected to it and also to any main nodes to which it is connected. These main nodes forward the request to any leaf nodes that are connected to them.
A Peer-to-Peer network is used to share files among its users. They are commonly used to share and acquire copyrighted music, movies, ebooks, and software but can be used to share and acquire almost any other type of file. To access a Peer-to-Peer network, a user installs a Peer-to-Peer network software application that is capable of connecting to and utilizing the Peer-to-Peer network, much the same way that a user installs a web browser, such as Internet Explorer, to access the World Wide Web.
Organizations are placed at legal risk by Peer-to-Peer network usage by their employees if an employee installs a Peer-to-Peer network software application onto their work PC and utilizes the Peer-to-Peer network to acquire copyrighted works. Peer-to-Peer network usage also consumes a lot of network bandwidth because the commonly transferred files are large software and movie files. This places bandwidth burdens on an organization's computer network. Even though it is normally a violation of corporate policy to have a Peer-to-Peer network software application installed, employees still install these applications.
When installing a Peer-to-Peer network software application, the user must select a folder on their computer system in which to store any downloaded files. For the purposes of clarification, a "folder" is used to organize files on a computer system, also known as a "directory." Any files placed into this folder are also made available to other users. This folder is often called the "Shared Folder". For instance, if user #1 (on a first network node) places a file named "foofile" in their shared folder, user #2 (on a second network node) would then be able to access and download the file. Depending on the Peer-to-Peer network software application used, the user can also select additional folders to make available to other users of the network.
For whatever reason, users sometimes select as their shared folder a folder that contains sensitive information or information they do not otherwise wish to share or they may later begin to place sensitive information or information they do not otherwise wish to share into their shared folder by mistake. Usually this action is done by mistake and unknowingly by the user but sometimes it is done by a malicious person or virus. Sometimes the Peer-to-Peer network software application has a software bug that permits the sharing of files and folders that the user never intended to be shared. Unintended (or malicious) sharing of information may be detrimental the user, the organization they work for, or even to national security. It would therefore be advantageous to be able to locate computers with Peer-to-Peer network software applications installed so that such applications can be assessed or removed.
There are hundreds if not thousands of different Peer-to-Peer network software applications with each having its own set of attributes. Current detection methods concentrate on 1) identifying the presence of each of these different Peer-to-Peer network software applications on a computer system or 2) the placement of a hardware/software based inline filter between the computer system and Internet to detect Peer-to-Peer network communications by looking for their protocols, monitoring for downloads, or increased bandwidth usage.
As Peer-to-Peer network software applications are created or current ones change, detecting the presence of a specific Peer-to-Peer network software application on a computer system or monitoring for Peer-to-Peer network communication on the organization's network becomes increasing challenging.
The method of identifying the presence of Peer-to-Peer network software applications on a computer system entails creating a software "blueprint" of each Peer-to-Peer network software application and checking to see if this blueprint exists on a target computer system. Virus scanning software works in the same way, in that a blueprint of the virus is created and then checked against each file on a target computer system. Using a software blueprint to detect Peer-to-Peer network software applications is successful only if the Peer-to-Peer network software application is known and an accurate blueprint has been created. Each time a new Peer-to-Peer network software application is created a new blueprint must be created and there is an inherent lag in protection during the development of the software blueprint. Furthermore, when a Peer-to-Peer network software application is upgraded or changed because of new developments, a Peer-to-Peer network software application blueprint may no longer be valid. This leaves an organization exposed.
Inline filters detect Peer-to-Peer network usage by monitoring network communications on the organization's network and comparing the communications to known Peer-to-Peer network protocols. Using a protocol comparison method to detect Peer-to-Peer network software application only works if the Peer-to-Peer network software application's protocol is known. Each time a new Peer-to-Peer network software application is created the inline filter must be upgraded to look for the new protocol or data. Furthermore, when a Peer-to-Peer network software application is upgraded or changed because of new developments, the comparison filter that the inline filter uses may no longer be valid. Inline filters also do not work on Peer-to-Peer networks in which the communications between users is encrypted. This leaves an organization exposed.

System for identifying the presence of Peer-to-Peer network software applications


A processor architecture for a learning machine is presented which uses a massive array of processing elements having local, recurrent connections to form global associations between functions defined on manifolds. Associations between these functions provide the basis for learning cause-and-effect relationships involving vision, audition, tactile sensation and kinetic motion. Two arbitrary input signals hold each other in place in a manifold association processor and form the basis of short-term memory.

Since its inception over fifty years ago, the field of artificial intelligence has remained separated from the field of psychology by the fundamental mathematical dichotomy between the discrete and the continuous. While computer scientists regard symbols as discrete bit patterns, psychologists regard them as continuous visual icons. The substitution of integral signs for summation signs sometimes serves to create a bridge across this dichotomy, for example, between the continuous and discrete versions of the Fourier transform.
It is easier to design a symbol processing system on a digital computer by representing symbols as discrete bit patterns, than to design a system that represents symbols as cumbersome digitized images. In biological systems, the central nervous system (CNS) represents and operates on symbols as continuous images because it was forced to do so. Throughout the course of evolution, everything in nature, predator and prey, the external environment and the body itself, was governed by the laws of physics, which are based on functions defined in space and time. In the struggle to survive, an organism had to process, as quickly as possible, continuous symbol representations.
The lack of a complete and thorough scientific understanding of animal intelligence and human consciousness has limited the ability to build computer systems that mimic these capabilities. The present invention provides a new model that may provide insight into how to design such systems. The design connects together a massive number of relatively small processing elements to form a large recurrent image association system. It is completely parallelizable, and all of the computations take place recursively over small, localized regions.
The mathematical definition of a manifold is a metric space, which is everywhere locally homeomorphic to an open set in Rn, where R denotes the real numbers (Spivak, 1979; Schutz, 1980). Less formally, we can regard a one-dimensional manifold as a smooth curve, a two-dimensional manifold as a smooth surface, akin to a deformed balloon, and analogously for higher order manifolds. In order to accommodate discontinuities in the real world, we use Borel measurable functions to represent data, and define operations using Lebesgue integrals (Kolmogorov & Fomin, 1970; Royden, 1988). For brevity, in the following discussion, we will refer to generalized or Borel measurable functions simply as functions.
Since open regions of space, time and frequency as well as their product spaces are all manifolds, one can accurately describe virtually everything in nature, as a function defined on a manifold. At the level of quantum physics, matter and energy are discrete. Nevertheless, as is the case for the electrons that define the current density J in Maxwell's equations, and the molecules that define the density of matter ρ in the Navier-Stokes equations, at the macroscopic level these quantities are differentiable.

Method for extracting spatial knowledge from an input signal using computational manifolds


An adjustable-delay filter performs wave shaping to emulate pre-emphasis or de-emphasis of transmission-line signals. The adjustable-delay filter uses analog components and does not need a clock. The receiver does not have to recover a bit-clock from the data stream, eliminating a clock recovery circuit. An input buffer receives the input signal and drives current to a summer and to an adjustable delay. The adjustable delay inverts and delays the current and drives a delayed, inverted current to the summer. The summer combines the delayed, inverted current and the current from the input buffer to generate an output signal. The delay time of the adjustable delay can be programmed by a user and is less than the bit period. After a signal transition, the output signal initially spikes higher, then falls back to a nominal level after the delay time has expired. The initial signal spike emulates de-emphasis or pre-emphasis.

Communications sometimes occurs across longer lines known as transmission lines. When the speed or frequency of signaling increases, shorter line lengths act as transmission lines. Special layout and termination of transmission lines is often needed to minimize reflections and optimize performance.
The shape of the waveform being driven onto the transmission line as an input can be adjusted to improve performance. The initial portion of the waveform can be increased in amplitude relative to the rest of the waveform, which is known as pre-emphasis.
FIG. 1A shows a prior-art FIR filter. An input signal, XN is altered or shaped by a finite impulse response (FIR) filter to generate output signal YN which is input to the transmit end of a transmission line. Delay elements 12 each delay the signal by 1/Z, where Z is a time-domain function and 1/Z is a one-unit delay. Delayed signals B0, B1, B2, . . . BN have increasing delays and are summed by summer 14 to generate output YN. Delay elements 12 may be flip-flops, latches or delay lines in an analog or a digital implementation of the FIR filter.
FIG. 1B is a graph of a FIR filter response. A bell-shaped curve has a maximum gain at a peak frequency with decreasing gain for frequencies above and below this roll-off frequency.
FIG. 2A shows a coded communication signal that is an input to a FIR filter.
FIG. 2B shows the coded communication signal after shaping by pre-emphasis using the FIR filter.
In FIG. 2A, a coded signal encodes the bit sequence 110010. A differential pair of lines carries the signal, with the solid line in the graph showing the true differential line and the dashed line in the graph showing the complement differential line. The coding of the bits stream onto the differential lines may be a non-return-to-zero (NRZ) code that switches differential lines on bit transitions.
When the bit stream changes from a 1 to a 0, or from a zero to a 1, the true and complement differential lines are switched. When the bit stream does not change, the differential lines do not switch. The bit stream may itself have been pre-encoded such as using a run-length limited code to ensure that bits switch frequently enough so that a clock may be extracted.
When a FIR filter such as shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B is applied to an input signal such as shown in FIG. 2A, the output waveform of FIG. 2B can be created. The output waveform of FIG. 2B contains pre-emphasis, since higher-amplitude spikes are added to each rising and falling edge of the waveform. These initial spikes may be 20 to 50% higher in amplitude than the flat portion of the waveform that follows each spike. These initial spikes can improve performance since a higher initial current occurs when first driving the transmission line during switching. Since the edge contains all the frequency components, and the following trace has a deterministic frequency response, pre-emphasis can be designed to cancel out the trace effect.
Waveform shaping may also be used on the far end of the transmission line, at the receiver. De-emphasis is sometimes used to shape the signal received from a transmission line. Higher frequency components of waveforms tend to attenuate more than lower frequency components over a transmission line. This frequency-dependent attenuation causes portions of the waveform after transitions to have a lower amplitude than portions farther away from transition edges at the far end of the transmission line. The graph of the differential signals, or eye pattern, closes immediately after the switching transitions. Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis both attempt to increase amplitude after transitions to open up the eye pattern.
FIG. 3 shows a prior-art receiver with a clock recovery circuit that controls a filter delay element. The input signal INPUT from the far end of the transmission line is applied to buffer 44 and to clock recovery circuit 48. Clock recovery circuit 48 may include a phase-locked loop (PLL) that locks to the highest frequency of transitions of input signal INPUT. Thus the bit clock is recovered from input signal INPUT by clock recovery circuit 48 to generate a bit clock.
The bit clock from clock recovery circuit 48 is applied to the clock input of latch or flip-flop 42, which delays the buffered input signal from buffer 44 by one bit-clock period. Summer 46 sums the buffered input signal from buffer 44 and the 1-bit-clock-delayed signal from flip-flop 42 to generate the de-emphasized output OUTPUT that can be used by the receiving system.
Receiver 40 uses the recovered bit clock to delay the input signal for filtering. Clock recovery circuit 48 may be difficult to design and operate, since transitions may not always occur at the maximum rate, such as when sequence of 2, 3, or more 1's occur.
FIG. 4A shows an ideal signal received by a receiver that is NRZ encoded. FIG. 4B shows the received signal after de-emphasis filtering. When the filter of FIG. 3 is applied to the ideal signal of FIG. 4A, the resulting waveform is shown in FIG. 4B and has been de-emphasized.
The delayed signal is inverted and added, or subtracted, from the buffered input signal, causing a larger signal to be produced for one bit-clock period after each switch transition of the input signal. After the first bit-clock period, the delayed signal changes to match the input signal, and the sum returns to the steady-state value. Thus a higher-amplitude initial pulse occurs for a pulse-width of exactly one bit-clock after each transition of the input signal.
While useful, the FIR filter is fairly complex and often has many delay stages. These delay states often require a clock. When a digital FIR filter is used, clocks are normally required, although an analog FIR filter may only need clocks for the delay stages. A simpler pre-emphasis device is desirable that does not require a clock. For de-emphasis, the delay flip-flop requires that the bit-clock be recovered from the input signal. Such clock recovery is undesirable. A de-emphasis system that does not need the recovered clock is desirable.
What is desired is a waveform shaping circuit that does not use a clock. A waveform shaping system that does not require a clock recovery circuit is desirable. Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis emulation without using a recovered clock is desirable.

Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis emulation and wave shaping using a programmable delay without using a clock


A display processing apparatus is configured to process linearly polarized light emitted out from a display device. The display processing apparatus comprises a polarization conversion unit, wherein the polarization conversion unit is configured to convert the linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light in different rotation directions according to different display timings of the display device; the display timings include a first display time sequence point and at least one subsequent display time sequence point; a display signal corresponding to the first display time sequence point of the display device is a display signal of a first image, and a display signal corresponding to the subsequent display time sequence point is a display signal of a second image; and the polarization conversion unit converts linearly polarized light, emitted out from the display device during display at the first display time sequence point, into circularly polarized light in a first rotation direction, and convert linearly polarized light, emitted out from the display device during display at the subsequent display time sequence point, into circularly polarized light in a second rotation direction. A display system and a display method, which can greatly improve the confidential display effect, are further provided.

Among flat-panel display devices, thin-film transistor liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCD) have the characteristics such as small size, low power consumption, relatively low manufacturing cost, low radiation (even non-radiation) and the like, and have dominated the current flat-panel display market.
The application of liquid crystal displays (LCD) to display confidential information also gradually comes into sight of people. The confidential information must be kept secret from certain groups and also must be viewed in certain situations. When the confidential information is viewed, if groups who are not allowed to view the confidential information are present, it is best to not allow the groups to view the confidential information, and only in this way, the best confidential effect can only be achieved.
Currently, a device that can realize the confidential display by reducing the viewing angle of a LCD has been introduced, namely the viewing angle of the display is made to be very narrow so that the people sitting directly in front of the display can view contents displayed on the display screen but the people sitting around cannot view the contents displayed on the display screen. However, this kind of confidential display device has a certain defect, namely the people around the observer can also view the contents displayed on the display if standing at the rear of the observer, and hence the confidential effect of the confidential display device may be poor.

Display processing apparatus, system and method


Provided are a method and apparatus for assessing the chaotic nature of a waveform representation of heart function. The method and apparatus accomplish their objects via the following. An indicator of triangular-like components within a waveform representation of heart function is calculated. An indicator of an area encompassed by the waveform representation indicative of heart function is calculated. A ratio is calculated utilizing the calculated indicator of an area and calculated indicator of triangular-like components to assess the chaotic nature of the waveform representation of heart function. Additionally, a ventricular fibrillation index is calculated. The calculated ventricular fibrillation index is utilized, in two dimensional space, with the ratio that is calculated utilizing the calculated indicator of an area and the calculated indicator of triangular-like components to assess the likelihood of ventricular fibrillation based upon waveform representation of heart function. Further additionally, a minimum ventricular fibrillation index is calculated. The calculated minimum ventricular fibrillation index is utilized, in two dimensional space, with the ratio that is calculated utilizing the calculated indicator of an area and the calculated indicator of triangular-like components to assess the likelihood of ventricular fibrillation based upon waveform representation of heart function. The minimum calculated ventricular fibrillation is also utilized in one dimensional space to assess the likelihood of ventricular fibrillation based upon waveform representation of heart function.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates, in general, to a method and apparatus which yield an automated analysis of waveform representations of heart function. In particular, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus which yield an automated analysis of waveform representations of heart function produced by an electrocardiographic device.
2. Description of Related Art
The electrocardiogram (EKG) is a graphic recording of the electrical potentials generated by electrical activity in the heart. The electrical impulse formation and conduction associated with each cardiac contraction produce weak electrical currents that spread through the entire body. By applying electrodes to various positions on the body, and connecting these electrodes to an electrocardiographic apparatus, the variation in the magnitude of the electrical potential is recorded.
A normal EKG consists of a series of waves which are repeated with each cardiac cycle. These waves are labeled as P, QRS, and T according to convention. The P wave represents the depolarization and contraction of both atria, the QRS complex represents the depolarization and contraction of the ventricles, and the T wave represents the repolarization of the ventricles.
An arrhythmia (irregular heart beat) exists when the normal cardiac conduction is disturbed or interrupted. Arrhythmias can occur in many different forms, and have historically been grouped according to different characteristics of the arrhythmia. Arrhythmias can be grouped based on rate: bradyarrhythmias (rate too slow) and tachyarrhythmias (rate too fast). Arrhythmias can be grouped based on the originating site in the heart: atrial arrhythmias, junctional arrhythmias, and ventricular arrhythmias. And, arrhythmias can be grouped based on the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism of the arrhythmia: conduction abnormalities (caused by conduction block, reentry, or reflection), and impulse formation abnormalities (caused by altered automatic or triggered activity). While some arrhythmias are totally asymptomatic and benign (they do not affect the circulation, nor do they warn of the development of more serious arrhythmias), others can be symptomatic and life threatening (due to their impairment of the heart's ability to pump enough blood to meet the body's demands), eventually causing significant mortality and morbidity.
Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a lethal arrhythmia. Its most frequent cause is coronary artery disease, and it is the most common terminal event in sudden cardiac death. VF occurs when multiple ectopic ventricular foci produce complete disruption of the normal order of ventricular excitation, resulting in a quivering motion of the ventricles. The surface EkG pattern is characterized by a rapid, repetitive series of chaotic waves without any identifiable QRS complexes. Due to the lack of coordinated electrical and mechanical activity, the heart becomes an ineffective pump and circulatory arrest occurs within seconds. The patient will die within minutes unless a normal spontaneous rhythm is restored, usually by electric defibrillation. Therefore, rapid and accurate recognition of VF is very important so that appropriate therapies can be initiated promptly.
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is another arrhythmia which originated in the ventricles with a rate greater than 100 beats per minute by definition. There are several different forms of VT, including monomorphic (uniform QRS morphology), polymorphic (constantly changing QRS morphology), torsades de points (polymorphic VT with QT interval prolongation), and ventricular flutter (sinusoidal morphology). While nonsustained VT (VT with short duration and without hemodynamic collapse) is not immediately life threatening, VT with very rapid rate and/or long duration can cause serious hemodynamic deterioration and is always potentially life threatening. Clinical data has shown that most sudden cardiac death patients had VT as their initiating event that degenerated into ventricular fibrillation. Therefore, it is highly desirable to detect these immediate forerunners of VF episodes so that appropriate therapies can be initiated.
For this reason, several forms of VT, including high rate monomorphic VT, polymorphic VT (including torsades de points), and ventricular flutter are usually considered in the same life threatening category as ventricular fibrillation when designing automated detection methods for VF detection. Therefore, even though these detection methods are usually called VF detection method, they are in fact designed to detect both ventricular fibrillation and several forms of potentially life-threatening ventricular tachycardia as described above. From the detection method design viewpoint this is actually desirable, because due to the peculiar QRS morphologies associated with these VT waveforms, which are often -intermediary between VT and VF, it is very difficult to differentiate them from the true VF episodes.
A great amount of work has been done over the past twenty years to develop computer programs for automated VF detection. At present, the automated VF detection capability is an essential component in three major cardiac care devices, including (1) Real-time EKG/arrhythmia monitors, (2) Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), and (3) Automatic external defibrillators (AEDs). Clinical values of these devices in terms of life saving and morbidity reduction are well established despite the fact that the VF detection methods used in these devices are not perfect. Accuracy of these automated detection methods are measured in terms of false negative (true VF episode not detected) and false positive (non-VF episode detected as VF). For a given detection method design tradeoffs between false positive and false negative can usually be made by adjusting the detection threshold. While missed detection of a life-threatening tachyrhythmia episode may have significant impact on a patient's morbidity and mortality, false positive detection on the other hand has the potential of causing the patient to receive inappropriate treatments, which may also have undesirable consequences. Therefore, the ultimate goal of performance improvement is to reduce both the false negative and false positive, which cannot be achieved by just changing the detection threshold.
There are many different techniques which are currently utilized for automated VF/VT detection. One such technique has been described by S. Kuo and R. Dillman in Computer Detection of Ventricular Fibrillation, Computers in Cardiology, 1978, pp. 347-349, IEEE Computer Society, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The functioning of which will be briefly explained with reference to FIG. 3.
With reference to FIG. 3, the method can be briefly described as follows. First, the incoming EKG signal 300 is fed to AND Converter 302 which produces a sampled EKG signal V.sub.(j), which is then fed into Period Computation Unit 304. Period Computation Unit 304 calculates a period estimate T utilizing the following equation: ##EQU1## Second, using the estimated period derived from Equation 1, the sampled EKG signal is fed into VF-Index Computation Unit 306 wherein it is shifted by half a period (i.e., T/2) and added to the original signal. The sum of the absolute values of the resultant residual signal is then computed and normalized within VF-Index Computation Unit 306 utilizing the following equation: ##EQU2## Note that here, for sake of clarity, the VF filter leakage, as Equation 2 is described in the foregoing cited reference, is described here as the VF-Index. Thereafter, the computed VF-Index is fed to Threshold Comparison Unit 308, wherein the VF-Index is compared to a threshold value. Currently, VF is declared if the VF-Index is small (i.e., is less than a preselected threshold). (See Kuo and Dillman page 348).
In rough overview, what the foregoing method does is analogize the waveform to a sinusoidal with estimated period T approximated by Equation 1, "slip" the analogized waveform a half period, and sum the original and "slipped" waveform. Thus, for a waveform that has some degree of regularity (i.e., has some degree of regularity from cycle to cycle within the wave), the summation will have a minimum at a delay of about one-half the amount of time that is required for the waveform to completely repeat itself.
The VF/VT automated detection method as described works well when the waveforms presented resemble the sinusoidal (e.g. ventricular flutter). The symmetric characteristics of the waveform produce excellent cancellation after copies of the signal have been shifted and superimposed onto the original signal. However, when the signals become more chaotic, the cancellation after superimposition is poor (producing a large normalized residual) hence making it more difficult to detect ventricular fibrillation.
Over the past eighteen year period, significant effort has been made to increase the overall accuracy of the described VF/VT automated detection method. Currently utilized methods are to use various and different VF filter leakage threshold levels in order to attempt to detect various and different arrhythmias. However, such currently utilized methods which try to detect the more chaotic arrhythmias (e.g., using a higher threshold for detection) tend to be problematical (e.g., allowing a detector to be more sensitive, under presently utilized methods, also generally increases the likelihood of false positive detection; the converse also tends to be true).
Thus, it is apparent from the foregoing that a need exists for a method and apparatus which yield an automated analysis of waveform representations of heart function produced by an electrocardiographic device, and where such method and apparatus enhance both the sensitivity and selectivity of the automated detection of arrhythmias within even highly chaotic waveform representations of heart function.

Method and apparatus for ventricular fibrillation detection


A multicast service information change notification method comprises: an access network element sends to a UE a multicast service information update command; and the access network element indicates multicast service information to the UE service.

In the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE), single cell point to multipoint (SC-PTM) is introduced, the SC-PTM technology is used to implement transmission of a point-to-multipoint downlink Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) in a single cell.
In the SC-PTM technology, a Single Cell-Multicast Control Channel (SC-MCCH) is defined.
In the SC-MCCH information, identity of the multicast service and the schedule information of its Single Cell-Multicast Traffic Channel (SC-MTCH) are indicated.
The main purpose of introducing SC-PTM in the Narrow Band-internet of things (NB-IoT) is to provide an efficient software update transmission mechanism for a large number of IoT terminals. There are two possibilities in the software update time, periodicity and abruptness. Periodic software updates could be used for non-emergency update requests, and abrupt software updates are more appropriate for situations where software is required to be updated as quickly as possible, for example to fix security vulnerabilities in the software, etc. Obviously, the time for the abrupt software update is uncertain.
When a network side is required to push emergency software update, it is necessary to notify the UE of the USD information related to the service, and in the related technology protocol, there is no effective mechanism for pushing the USD information in time. On the other hand, if the UE is required to keep detecting change notification of the SC-MCCH information, it is very disadvantageous for the power saving of the UE, since it is meaningless for the UE to receive the change notification of the SC-MCCH information in most cases. For NB-IoT and enhanced Machine-Type Communications (eMTC) UEs, power saving is a key performance requirement.
On the other hand, there are multiple carrier deployment scenarios in NB-IoT or eMTC, that is, SC-MCCH and SC-MTCH could be carried and scheduled for sending in different carriers. However, the capability of the UE is limited by the cost, and the channel signals on different carriers could not be received simultaneously, thus limiting the schedule of the base station, that is, when the change notification of the SC-MCCH or the SC-MCCH information is scheduled, the SC-MTCH could not be scheduled on other carriers simultaneously, otherwise the UE could not receive change notification of the SC-MCCH or SC-MTCH data, thereby causing a problem that some data may be missed or change of the SC-MCCH may not be received.

Multicast service information change notification method and apparatus


Permanent magnet alternating current (PMAC) motor systems and methods for starting or restarting PMAC motor system sensorless control algorithms are provided. One system includes a PMAC motor including a rotor, an inverter, and a controller. The controller includes control logic, start/restart logic, drive logic, current detect logic, and estimation logic configured to estimate a position of the rotor, a speed of the PMAC motor, or both based on current detected in each phase of the inverter. A start/restart method includes determining to start/restart the sensorless control algorithm and modifying the inverter voltage in response to the determined start/restart. The method also includes detecting current in each inverter phase after the inverter voltage is modified and estimating a rotor position, a PMAC motor speed, or both based on the current detected in each inverter phase after the inverter voltage is modified. Another controller includes means for performing the above start/restart method.

Permanent magnet alternating current (PMAC) motor systems may be utilized in many different applications and are well-known in the art. Some PMAC motor systems include a PMAC motor connected to each phase of a three-phase inverter, and a controller connected to the PMAC motor and the three-phase inverter in a configuration known as a three-phase PMAC motor.
The three-phase inverter is configured to provide voltage to the PMAC motor to control the amount of torque produced by the PMAC motor. To do this, each inverter phase is coupled between a voltage source and the PMAC motor, and includes a pair of (e.g., a high-side and a low-side) field effect transistors ("FETs") or other type of solid state switching devices that, via their switching operations (i.e., ON/OFF functions), control the amount of voltage provided to the PMAC motor. The switching operations of the switching devices are typically controlled using pulse-width-modulation ("PWM") techniques. Specifically, the switching devices are connected to provide three-phase voltage to the A, B, and C phases of the PMAC motor. During operation, the A, B, and C phases of the PMAC motor are maintained 120 degrees (electrical) apart. For example, if phase A is at 120 degrees (i.e., θ=120°), then phase B would be at phase A plus 120 degrees (i.e., θ+120°), and phase C would be at phase A minus 120 degrees (i.e., θ−120°).
The amount of torque produced by the PMAC motor is functionally related to the amplitude of the electric current in the A, B, and C phases, which is also referred to as the motor current. The frequency of the motor current is selected to create a magnetic field or flux in the phase windings that rotate about an armature at a predetermined speed, which induces a rotor in the PMAC motor to rotate. The rotational speed of the rotor is thus determined by the amplitude and frequency of the motor current.
Typically, the rotating flux is commanded to lead the rotor by some angle, which is often referred to as an "advance angle." The advance angle can be controlled by adjusting the phase angle of the current supplied to the PMAC motor windings, and is increased as the rotor speed increases, depending on the torque and power requirements of the PMAC motor. If the flux is not leading the rotor by the proper advance angle and/or if the flux does not include the proper rotational speed, the PMAC motor may experience high currents and/or torque oscillations, which can result in damage the PMAC motor system.
To prevent the PMAC motor from experiencing high currents and/or torque oscillations, PMAC motor systems track the present position of the rotor (or the flux) and the present motor speed at all times. As such, PMAC motor systems typically include an absolute position sensor (e.g., a resolver) to synchronize the rotor position and the motor speed, or employ a control algorithm that estimates the rotor position and motor speed without the use of a mechanical sensor, which control algorithm is often referred to as a "sensorless algorithm" or a "sensorless control algorithm," to track the present position of the rotor (or the flux) and the present motor speed during operation.
A sensorless control algorithm is typically performed by the controller, and the controller estimates the present rotor position and present motor speed based on a measurement of the inverter output voltage (i.e., the voltage in each inverter phase) and the inverter output current (i.e., the current in each inverter phase). In some sensorless control algorithms, the controller assumes that the rotor is at a "zero position" and that the motor has a "zero speed" (i.e., is at rest) when starting (or restarting) the sensorless control algorithm. A problem may arise in this type of sensorless control algorithm because there can be times when the rotor may not be at the "zero position" because the rotor is rotating when the controller starts the sensorless control algorithm. For example, an engine fan rotor may be rotating at the start of the sensorless control algorithm because air flowing through the engine is applying a force to the fan blades, which causes the rotor to rotate, while a motor vehicle is being driven. Similarly, execution of the sensorless control algorithm may be interrupted due to external events (e.g., the PMAC motor system being exposed to strong electromagnetic interference), or by the unlikely event of a diagnostic malfunction, both of which would require that the controller restart the sensorless control algorithm while the PMAC motor is operating and the rotor is rotating. That is, in each of these situations, the sensorless control algorithm has to be started or restarted without any knowledge of the present rotor position and present motor speed (referred to hereinafter as "initial conditions").
To solve this problem, PMAC motor systems typically use one or more additional circuits and/or sensors to calculate the initial conditions. Specifically, these additional circuits and/or sensors detect the actual output voltage of the inverter and calculate the initial conditions based on the detected inverter output voltage. In these PMAC motor systems, after the sensorless control algorithm is stopped and the controller is reset, the proper initial conditions (i.e., the newly calculated rotor position and motor speed) are calculated based on the measured inverter output voltage, and a restart portion of the sensorless control algorithm is performed in order to provide the proper initial conditions to the sensorless control algorithm.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide PMAC motor systems and methods for starting or restarting a PMAC motor system sensorless control algorithm without needing additional circuits and/or sensors to detect the inverter output voltage and using the inverter output voltage to calculate the proper initial conditions. Furthermore, other desirable features and characteristics of the present invention will become apparent from the subsequent detailed description of the invention and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and this background of the invention.

Permanent magnet AC motor systems and control algorithm restart methods


Improvements in ear buds includes a two-in-one ear buds with a light-up cable provides two sets of stereo ear buds that can be joined for a single person to use or separated so the stereo sound can be enjoyed by two people at the same time. The connecting cord is a flat cord with magnetic coupling that joins the cords together to reduce wiring that connects from the audio device to the ear buds. The cable joins a left and a right set of wiring and the ear buds are coupled to provide a single left and right or a pair of left and a pair or right separate ear buds. The cord has illumination LED elements that provide different color patterns to interact with the mp3. The lighting controller gives the user the option to turn the lights on and off with buttons on the controller.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to improvements in ear buds. More particularly, the present two-in-one ear buds with a light-up cable provides two pairs of ear buds that allows two people to listen to music and further provides the wiring from the connector to the ear buds to be illuminated and light based upon the music.
2. Description of Related Art Including Information Disclosed Under 37 CFR 1.97 and 1.98:
Many people listen to music or other audio performances though headphones or ear buds that connect to an audio player. For many people that listen to music there is a need to share the audio signal with a friend. Most audio players have a single phone jack, and when the user wants to share the audio signal with another person they must give the other person one of the ear buds and therefor can only listen to half of the stereo signal. The problems with ear buds that are currently available are that the ear buds do not allow the user to share music with their friends. Some people use a "Y" splitter, but this requires the splitter and a separate set of ear buds to share the sound. The use of four ear buds creates four separate sets of ear buds and there is no prior art where the left-left and right-right ear buds can be combined or connected when a single person wants to enjoy the music.
Because there are two sets of ear buds there is a need to reduce the multiple sets of cables that are used with the multiple ear buds. The cable is designed as a flat cable and includes a magnet or multiple magnets that join the pairs (four cables) of left-left and right-right into a joined left and a right set of wiring and the ear buds are coupled to provide a single left and right or a pair of left and a pair or right separate ear buds.
There are a further improvements that where the audio cable has LED lighting that illuminates the cable in sequence with the music. There have been several jump ropes that play music and illuminate with the music. While these patents provide illumination of the jump rope with the music they are not ear buds that can be inserted into the ears and illuminate based upon the music from an audio device.
A number of patents and or publications have been made to address these issues. Exemplary examples of patents and or publication that try to address this/these problem(s) are identified and discussed below.
U.S. Publication number 2002/0154784 was published on Oct. 24, 2002 discloses an Earphone signal Check Device. This publication allows a person to visually check the earphone connection on a cell phone. While this publication provides an LED indicator it does not operate with music to synchronize lighting with the music.
U.S. Publication number 2013/0288860 discloses a jump rope with Lights and Music. The jump rope is a self-contained device the both produces music and lights that flash while the jump rope is being used. This publication does not provide a connection to an external music source and does not provide for the lights to synchronize with the sound.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,983,437 issued on Jul. 19, 2011 to Hammond Wong et al., and discloses an Earphone Set with Detachable Speakers or Subwoofers. While the patent discloses a separable set of speakers it is only operable for use with a single person.
U.S. Pat. No. 8,480,401 issued on Jul. 9, 2013 to Steven Swain et al., and discloses a Multi-User Headset Teaching Apparatus. In this patent the multiple headsets are retained on a base and exist as separate pieces. This patent may show multiple ear pieces, the ear pieces are not connectable so a single user can retain all of the ear buds.
What is needed is a set of ear buds that can be separated to allow two people to listen to stereo music, for the cables to be connectable, and for the cable to include illumination that operates is sequence with the music. The proposed invention provides this solution as a two-in-one light-up ear buds.

Two-in-one ear buds with a light-up cable


A rotating electric machine according to the embodiments includes a rotating-electric-machine unit, a rotation detector, an Oldham coupling, and a washer. The rotating-electric-machine unit includes a shaft. The rotation detector includes a body and a rotation input pin that is rotatably provided on the body. The Oldham coupling couples the rotation input pin of the rotation detector and the shaft to each other while allowing any relative displacement in a direction intersecting an axial direction. The washer is provided on the rotating-electric-machine unit while being positioned with respect to the shaft. The washer includes an attaching portion at which the body of the rotation detector is attached to the washer.

1. Field of the Invention
The embodiments disclosed herein relate to rotating electric machines.
2. Description of the Related Art
Rotating electric machines including rotation detectors such as encoders are hitherto proposed. A rotation detector detects the rotational position of a shaft of a rotating electric machine by detecting the rotational position of a rotation input pin that is coupled to the shaft of the rotating electric machine and rotates together with the shaft.
In a related-art rotating electric machine, a rotation input pin of a rotation detector and a shaft of the rotating electric machine are coupled to each other with a leaf spring, whereby any axial displacement between the shaft and the rotation input pin is absorbed by the leaf spring (see Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-181315, for example).


A device for generating an electric signal in response to movement of an object (1) past a predetermined point or within a predetermined area. At least three light sensitive elements (4, 5, 6) are placed side by side in the path of movement of the object (1) so that the object (1) moves past the elements (4, 5, 6) in sequence. A light source (2) is disposed for illuminating the light sensitive elements (4, 5, 6) directly or indirectly via a reflector (3). The light sensitive elements (4, 5, 6) are coupled to a signal processsing circuit, (12- 15) for evaluating the signals from the elements. The two outer light sensitive elements (4, 6) are coupled to respective differential amplifiers (12, 13), while the intermediate light sensitive element (5) is reference coupled to both of the differential amplifiers (12, 13).

The present invention relates to a device for generating an electric signal in response to movement in a certain direction of an object, eg. a thread, past a predetermined point and/or within a predetermined area.
Within the technology for contact-free sensing of the movement of an object, eg. a thread, past a predetermined point or within a predetermined area, it is known to utilize optical arrangements with a transmitter (light source) and a receiver (light sensitive element) or one transmitter and two receivers. The commonest design is with one transmitter and one receiver. In the case of one transmitter and two receivers, the two receivers are often coupled differentially for compensation against disturbances from the surroundings. In practice however, these latter systems suffer from a major drawback in that they are relatively insensitive, in particular to relatively rapid movement of a thin thread past the receivers. It has moreover been found that such a system does not react to a thick thread moving slowly past the receivers. This may be because the thread bends powerfully and acts on both receivers simultaneously and is, therefore, discriminated against by the differentially coupled receivers. In other systems with two receivers, the object is not to provide a differential coupling but to distinguish between passing dust particles and a thread movement. In this case, an arrangement is employed in which the thread always actuates first one receiver and then the other receiver, while passing dust particles in all probability actuate only the one or the other receiver. In this case, the receivers are coupled to a signal processing circuit which requires first a signal from the first receiver and, within a certain time period, a signal from the second receiver. This otherwise satisfactory solution does not, however, allow for a strongly bending thread, since such a thread can actuate both receivers simultaneously, as mentioned above.

Directional movement sensor using three light sensing elements and differential amplifiers


A computer system includes a branch detection module and a branch predictor module. The branch detection module determines that a first program branch is a possible call branch having a next sequential instruction address (NSIA), and determines that a first routine branch is a possible return capable branch having the first routine instruction address that is a detected as being offset. The branch predictor module determines that a second program branch is a possible call branch having a next sequential instruction address (NSIA), and determines that a second routine branch is a predicted return branch having a predicted target instruction address based on the NSIA of the second program branch and the predicted offset.

The present disclosure relates to branch prediction and, in particular, to distance-based branch prediction and detection.
Branch prediction attempts to identify the location of branches in an instruction stream that is being executed by a processor to improve performance. Accuracy is important to avoid costly branch wrong restart penalties. Branch prediction can predict both the direction and target instruction address of a branch. Alternatively, without branch prediction, the pipeline may have to wait for branch resolution before proceeding along the taken or not taken path.
One current solution for predicting the target instruction address is to use a branch target buffer (BTB). The BTB stores what the target instruction address was for a branch the last time the branch was encountered. This approach works well for branches whose target instruction addresses are not a function of the path taken to arrive at the branch. However, for branches whose target instruction addresses are a function of the path taken to arrive at the branch, history-based structures may be used, such as a multi-target table (MTT) (sometimes referred to as a changing target buffer (CTB)). Other target prediction solutions exist to predict return-type branch targets to the next sequential instruction after their respective call-type branch.

Call/return stack branch target predictor to multiple next sequential instruction addresses

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION


A method and apparatus to enable IP networking for mobile hosts without requiring changes to be made to the TCP/IP stack in the operating system installed on the mobile hosts. The apparatus is an “intelligent device” that can be installed on or connected to a mobile host, and may comprise a software-only logical module, physical hardware, or a combination of both. To a mobile host, the intelligent device emulates a network interface such as an Ethernet card or a telephone modem. The intelligent device appears to an access network just like any regular IP host connected to the access network through a physical network interface device. The intelligent device handles all mobile networking functions for the mobile host, and may control multiple different physical network interface devices to enable a connection to an access network available to the mobile user at his location.

Computer networks are typically comprised of a plurality of networks and may be defined at many levels of grouping and communication. A primary network, such as a LAN, may be characterized as a geographically localized network consisting of hardware and software. LANs link personal computers, workstations, printers, file servers and other peripherals over generally short distances. A secondary network may be thought of as two primary networks connected by a router. A tertiary network is defined as a network including at least first and second primary networks separated from each other by a third primary network (i.e., an intervening network). The third network is connected to the first network by one router and to the second primary network by another router.
In low level networking, several devices exchange data over a communication link such as hard wire, fiber-optic cable, radio frequency (RF) or the like, via network cards. A network card facilitates a data connection between the communication link and a device connected to the network (i.e., a personal computer, information appliance, personal data assistant, data-enabled wireless handset, or any other type of device capable of accessing information through a data network). The device (host) can be characterized as a node on the network. A server is a computer connected to a network through a network card and programmed to function as a traffic manager and storage apparatus for data communicated over the network from the nodes on the network. A network can have anywhere from a single to a plurality of servers, depending upon the configuration.
In a wireless communication system such as, for example, a WLAN, there is no hard wire connection between a node and a primary network. Each node (or mobile host) contains a network card for transmitting and receiving data over a wireless link. An access point bridges the gap between a hard wire associated with a primary network and the node connected by a wireless communication link with the primary network. The access point can be described as a transmitter and receiver for communicating between the network and the mobile node.
The layer or level concept for networked computing was developed by the International Organization for Standardization Open Systems Interconnection Model (ISO/OSI). The ISO/OSI model is a layered architecture that standardizes levels of service and types of interaction for computers exchanging data through a communications network. The ISO/OSI model encompasses seven layers or levels, each of which builds upon the standards contained in the layer(s) below it. From the lowest to the highest, layer 1 pertains to hardware or physical level links, layer 2, data link, layer 3, network, layer 4 transport, layer 5, session, layer 6, presentation and layer 7, application. The well-known TCP/IP protocol stack comprises the transport layer, network layer and some upper interfaces to the data link layer.
The transport layer receives data from the application layer and facilitates the flow of data between the application layers on the end systems. In the TCP/IP stack, two different transport protocols are utilized: the transmission control protocol (TCP) and the user Datagram protocol (UDP). TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that reliably transfers data between the source and destination. The TCP layer on the source establishes a connection with the TCP layer on the destination, and then the TCP layers transfer all packets over this connection. TCP guarantees that the data will be send correctly from the source to the destination. The TCP at the source divides the data received from the application layer into packets for the network layer, acknowledges all packets received, sets time-outs to ensure that lost data is retransmitted, and implements other functionality to make sure that the corresponding TCP layer at the destination receives data correctly from the application layer.
UDP is a connection-less protocol that provides unreliable data transfer.
Upon receiving data from the application layer, UDP forms a packet known as a Datagram and sends the packet to the network layer for transfer to the destination without acknowledgments and no guarantee that the Datagrams will reach the destination.
The TCP/IP protocol stack is utilized to transfer data within a single network or within an internetwork (i.e., internet) that is a collection of networks using the same protocol stack. An addressable application program that can be accessed through the TCP/IP protocol stack has an associated IP address specifying a host ID (identifying the computer on which the resource is located) and a network ID (identifying the network on which the computer is located). See, e.g., "INTERNET PROTOCOL," IETF Network Working Group, RFC 791 (September 1981); S. Deering, R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification," IETF Network Working Group, RFC 1883 (December 1995), which are incorporated by reference herein.
IP is a Datagram-oriented protocol that encapsulates data into an IP packet for transmission, and attaches addressing information to the header of the packet. IP headers contain 32-bit addresses that identify the sending and receiving hosts. These addresses are utilized by intermediate routers to select a path through the network for the packet to travel to the ultimate destination at the intended address.
In this connection, the initial prefixes of an IP address can be used for generalized routing decisions. IP addresses contain implied geographical information about the location of a particular host on the Internet. Thus, the IP protocol allows Datagrams from any Internet node to be routed to any other Internet node if the sender knows the IP address of the receiver.
With the large growth in mobile computing and network access, mobile IP has been growing in popularity. The IP addressing scheme used for regular Internet routing, however, is not compatible with mobile IP because the IP addressing scheme contains implicit geographic information. If a user desires to employ a fixed IP address to identity a mobile host, the IP packets destined for that mobile host will not be routed to the mobile host when it is away from its "home" network, the network that relates to its fixed IP address, unless the IP packets are forwarded to the mobile host in a special way that is not supported by the regular Internet routing scheme.
In order to address this concern, RFC 2002, entitled "IP Mobility Support," 1996, specifies an enhanced protocol that enables the transparent routing of IP Datagrams to mobile hosts on the Internet. In accordance with RFC 2002, each mobile host can always be identified by its home IP address, irrespective of the current attachment point to the Internet. When disposed away from the home network, the mobile host can have an associated "care-of" address, which provides information that enables routing of Datagrams to the mobile host. RFC 2002 facilitates this by registering the care-of address with a "home agent." The home agent forwards IP packets destined for the mobile host using a technique referred to as "IP tunneling." The home agent attaches a new IP header containing the care of address to any IP packet having a destination address corresponding to the mobile host's home IP address. A "foreign agent" at the care of address strips off the IP tunneling header and sends the Datagram to the mobile host at the current point of attachment to the Internet via a special link layer routing method, or the mobile host serves as a "foreign agent" for itself and strips off the IP tunneling header before passing the data to the upper layer.
Mobile IP requires the IP stack on the mobile host to be modified. Because most operating systems, like Windows, are designed for "static" computers, there is no need to have this functionality built in, especially since Mobile IP based networks are not very popular. Moreover, the operating systems that support Mobile IP require specialized knowledge and must be specially configured by a mobile user.
It is, therefore, advantageous to provide a method and intelligent interface for a mobile host that supports IP networking functions to enable the mobile host to connect to a plurality of networks, without having to change the mobile host's operating system.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Layer-2 IP networking method and apparatus for mobile hosts


An adjustable display board system comprises a display board, first and second grippers, first and second racks, and a handle. The first and second grippers are coupled to the display and include a plurality of teeth. The first and second racks are mounted to a rigid structure and include a plurality of teeth generally greater than the number of teeth of the first and second grippers. The teeth of the first and second grippers mesh with the teeth of the first and second racks to maintain the vertical position of the display board. The handle is pushed to disengage the grippers from the racks and allow vertical motion of the display board. The adjustable display board system also comprises a display board, a linear actuator unit, and one or more pivot arms. The linear actuator unit includes a movable actuator rod and is coupled to the one or more pivot arms, which in turn is coupled to the display board. Motion of the actuator rod is converted to raising and lowering of the display board.

1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the present invention relate to display boards, such as erasable white boards. More particularly, embodiments of the present invention relate to position-adjustable display boards.
2. Description of the Related Art
A board for displaying information, such as a white board, is routinely mounted to a wall in a fixed position. The board may be hung with brackets, or other mounting components, rigidly attached to the wall that keep the board positioned at a constant height from the floor. The board may be placed at what is considered to be a nominal height that is convenient for many people. However, the board may be positioned at too great a height for shorter people to easily reach all areas of the board. On the other hand, the board may be placed to low for taller people to comfortably reach the lower portions of the board.


An operating system of a computing device can include or operate in conjunction with a data usage service. The data usage service can determine the network data usage of applications and features of the applications and attribute the network data usage to the specific application and features of the specific application responsible for the network data usage. The data usage service can utilize the determined network data usage in order to control and adapt the network behavior of the application and features of the application.

The classification of network data flows on the Internet backbone has helped provide an insight into the trends of network usage over time based on applications, devices, geographies, and network types. Such efforts to study and control the network usage behavior relate to and are often aggregated over a large number of users on the Internet. Current computing devices, however, do not provide fine-grained visibility and control of network usage patterns on individuals' computing device where the network data flows originate.
There has been an exponential growth in the number of Internet connected devices in the past decade. For example, mobile devices, such as cellular telephones, tablet computers, laptops, etc., are increasingly using wireless networks to send and receive data. In the past, wireless network providers allowed unlimited data plans that charged a flat rate for sending and receiving data over the wireless network. The explosive growth in the data transmitted over the wireless network by mobile devices has led to the replacement of unlimited data plans with pay-per-use plans. These pay-per-use plans require that the users of the mobile devices pay by bandwidth used, for example, by the rate for GigaBytes (GB) per Month for typical cellular telephone plans, and the rate for MegaBytes (MB)/Hour for WiFi hotspots. This move towards pay-per-use plans has adversely affected users because of the overage charges that are incurred when a user unexpectedly exceeds the monthly quota of download and upload limits. Similarly, wired network providers may also offer plans which include quotas on network data usage.
More and more applications, e.g. social networking, online gaming, news/weather, used by mobile devices rely on sending and receiving data over the wireless networks. Some applications may cause excessive usage of the network, and, thus, cause the user to incur large and sometimes unexpected charges. Some governments are imposing rules that require wireless network providers to warn the user when such limits are being approached or exceeded. But from the user's perspective, it is not clear which application or feature of the application is causing the data usage in the wireless network.
The problem of attributing the data usage of an application is further complicated by the fact that sometimes separate applications, e.g. a mediaserver, download manager, or the operating system (OS) on the mobile device provide a network data exchange service to the application. To correctly account for data usage by the application, it becomes important to correctly attribute data usage to the application requesting the network data exchange service, and not the separate application providing the network data exchange service. Likewise, to control data usage, limits need to be imposed on the application requesting the network data exchange service, and not the separate application providing the network data exchange service.
Conversely, from an application developer's point of view, it is important to profile the data usage of their application. Because data exchanged over the network has an associated overhead in terms of the system setup costs (e.g. battery and cpu usage) and protocol overheads at each layer of the networking stack (e.g. hypertext transfer session (HTTP) session, transmission control protocol (TCP) handshake, and transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) headers for each packet), the ability to profile, control, and adapt the behavior of an application based on a data usage can be extremely useful for application developers. Applications, however, can themselves not determine how much data they are using, as the payload they want to transfer actually incurs an overhead caused by the protocols used. For example, some applications will request a secure HTTP (HTTPS) connection to a server, but the applications cannot determine how much extra data is used to establish a secure connection. Likewise, applications will use a connection for different types of transfers which don't all have the same importance, for example, speculatively pre-fetching the attachments of unread emails versus getting the actual subject lines needed to notify the user of an available email. In all these cases, it is difficult for the developer to know which parts of the application need to avoid costly traffic, and difficult for the end user to apply limitations on specific portions of an application's traffic.
Some OSes, e.g. Unix and Linux derived OSes, offer network filtering and quota handling at a coarse level. The OSes allow determining on specific networking interfaces, set quota limits that cut off traffic on the interfaces, allow filtering specific users, and specific protocols. Additionally, on mobile devices, some tools exist that will determine data usage globally for all applications as a whole. Data usage selecting/notifying apps can then disable access to the network for all applications when a certain quota is exceeded by all the applications combined. But, none of the these tools and applications are able to distinguish which application or part of an application is causing the data usage, and when those applications are using services like Download Managers. Due to this ambiguity, tools and applications cannot attribute the data usage to a specific application or parts of the applications. Accordingly, it impossible to set a quota on a specific application and on specific parts of the applications.
This inability to attribute network data usage exists for any type of computing device running applications whether mobile computing devices or other types of computing devices such as a desktop computer, a set-top box, a gaming console, etc. Likewise, the need to determine data usage can apply to any type of computing device and to any network whether wireless or wired.
Accordingly, there is a need for determining, controlling, adapting, and reporting data usage for specific application and features of applications that are running on computing devices and exchanging data with networks.

Methods and systems for determining and controlling network data usage at the application and feature level


Exemplary inter-network profile repository interworking systems and methods are disclosed. An exemplary system includes an interface facility that interfaces with a home subscriber server (“HSS”) of a long term evolution (“LTE”) communications network and a home location register (“HLR”) of an alternate communications network, the HSS and the HLR maintaining separate profiles associated with a user device configured to access the LTE communications network and the alternate communications network. The exemplary system further includes a synchronization facility communicatively coupled to the interface facility and that synchronizes profile data associated with the user device across the separate profiles maintained by the HSS and the HLR. Corresponding systems and methods are also disclosed.

Wireless communication network technologies continue to advance. For example, wireless communication service providers such as mobile phone service providers are deploying and/or working toward deployment of Long Term Evolution ("LTE") based wireless communication networks ("LTE networks"). These service providers typically operate existing wireless communication networks, such as Code Division Multiple Access ("CDMA") based networks ("CDMA networks") and Global System for Mobile communications ("GSM") based wireless communication networks ("GSM networks"). Accordingly, deployment of a new LTE network will generally be by staged implementation that allows user devices (e.g., mobile phones) to roam between the new LTE network and one or more legacy CDMA and/or GSM networks. After full deployment of a new LTE network, a service provider may continue to allow user devices to roam between the new LTE network and one or more legacy networks to leverage existing resources such as bandwidth, applications, etc.
However, the roaming of a user device between a next generation network such as an LTE network and a legacy network such as a CDMA network or a GSM network presents certain technological challenges. For example, a CDMA network typically employs a Home Location Register ("HLR") as a database in which profile information is stored, and an LTE network typically employs a Home Subscriber Server ("HSS") in which separate profile information is stored. When a user device roams from the LTE network to the CDMA network, the user device registers with the CDMA network and retrieves a profile associated with the user device from the HLR of the CDMA network. However, the information included in the profile stored in the HLR of the CDMA network may differ from the information included in a separate profile for the user device stored in the HSS of the LTE network, which may cause one or more profile-dependent operations performed by the user device and/or profile-dependent services accessed by the user device to differ from the LTE network to the CDMA network. Such differences from across networks may be highly inconvenient (e.g., repeat configuration of profile settings may be required from network to network) and potentially confusing for a user, especially when the user is unaware that the user device has roamed from one network to another. Moreover, the use of disparate profiles for a user device across networks may expose the user of the user device and/or the service provider to fraud.

Inter-network profile repository interworking systems and methods


A specimen centrifuge apparatus includes a specimen container carry-in system and a specimen container carry-out system. The specimen container carry-in system has a specimen container carry-in conveyor for loading pre-processed specimen containers into specimen centrifuge units stacked one on another in a centrifuge device, a carry-in elevator, a carry-in transfer arm, and a loading arm. The specimen container carry-out system has a specimen container carry-out conveyor for unloading the processed specimen containers from the specimen centrifuges, a carry-out elevator, a carry-out transfer arm, and an unloading arm.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a specimen centrifuge apparatus for use in a specimen testing center and the like.
2. Description of the Related Art
The following specimen centrifuge apparatus is proposed as one for use in a specimen testing center and the like (see Japanese Patent Application KOKAI Publication No. 2000-84436). This apparatus includes first and second rotors. While one of the rotors is centrifuging a specimen, the other rotor replaces a specimen-contained tube with another one.
The above specimen centrifuge apparatus is capable of centrifuging specimens with efficiency. However, the apparatus requires a relatively large space because the first and second rotors need to be arranged together within the same horizontal surface. It is difficult for the apparatus to centrifuge a number of specimens at once because its centrifuging capacity is limited. Even though the number of specimens to be centrifuged is very small, the apparatus has to be operated in its entirety. It is therefore likely that energy will be consumed in vain.


An embroidering machine comprised of a common electronic sewing machine having a first controller and an embroidering unit detachably connected to the electronic sewing machine. The operating speed of a main motor of the electronic sewing machine is controlled according to a feed by which an embroidery frame holding a workpiece is moved when forming a stitch of an embroidery pattern. The embroidering unit has a second controller which generates a speed control signal relevant to the feed by which the embroidery frame is moved to form a stitch, the speed control signal is applied through a signal line and a connector to the first controller of the electronic sewing machine, and the first controller controls the operating speed of the main motor according to the speed control signal.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an embroidering machine and, more particularly, to an embroidering machine, provided with a main motor and a detachable embroidering unit having an embroidery frame, capable of controlling the operating speed of the main motor according to the movement of the embroidery frame.
2. Description of Related Art
There have been proposed various mechanically or electronically controlled embroidering machines, provided with an embroidering unit having an embroidery frame for holding a workpiece, for stitching embroideries by the cooperative effect of the vertical reciprocation of a needle bar and the horizontal movement of the embroidery frame.
An embroidering machine proposed in, for example, Japanese Utility Model Publication (Kokoku) No. Sho 57-24305 comprises a presser bar, a presser foot support plate attached to the lower end of the presser bar, a presser foot pivotally supported on the presser foot support plate, a presser lever extending obliquely upward from the presser foot and capable of engaging the horizontal shaft of a needle clamp, a magnet provided on the presser foot support plate so as to swing in synchronism with the vertical movement of the needle bar, a reed switch disposed near and above the magnet so that the output signal thereof remains HIGH (ON signal) during a period from a moment when the needle bar reaches its uppermost position to a moment when the presser foot presses a workpiece to allow the embroidery frame of an embroidering unit to be moved during the period in which the output signal of the reed switch is HIGH.
The embroidery frame of this embroidering machine is able to move while the output signal of the reed switch is HIGH, and the operating speed of the main motor is set by operating the speed volume of the embroidering machine independently of the feed of the workpiece. Because the period in which the output signal of the reed switch is HIGH is very short, the operating speed of the main motor must be held at a relatively low speed to ensure that the embroidery frame can be surely shifted during the period even if the feed of the workpiece is relatively large.

Embroidering machine including sewing machine and embroidering unit connectable to sewing machine


A folding workbench includes a rectangular benchtop frame and first and second leg assemblies pivotably coupled to the frame. Each leg assembly includes first and second legs coupled to respective side rails of the frame, the leg assembly rotatable between a folded position, in which the leg assembly lies substantially within the benchtop frame, and an open position in which the leg assembly extends from the benchtop frame at about a 90 degree angle. Each leg assembly includes a shelf bracket extending between the first and second legs, with a notch extending lengthwise in the shelf bracket. With the leg assemblies in their open positions, a shelf assembly extends between and engages the notches of the shelf brackets, preventing rotation of the leg assemblies away from their open positions. Ends of the legs can be shaped to bind against the frame at selected positions, to provide detents to hold the leg assemblies in their folded or open positions.

1. Technical Field
The embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to a prefabricated workbench, and in particular, to a workbench that is foldable into a compact package for storage and transport, and that is assembled, in part, by unfolding legs from beneath the bench top.
2. Description of the Related Art
Hardware and garden stores often offer inexpensive folding workbenches for sale, typically made of wood that can be purchased and assembled for use in a shop or garden. Simplicity and ease of assembly vary according to the particular design, in some cases requiring significant effort and skill for successful assembly.


A first access policy is stored to provide information on a first distributee to which an electronic document is distributed, to which the first distributee is permitted to distribute the electronic document, and use rights that permit the second distributees to use the electronic document. Also stored is a distribution target information indicating the second distributees. When the first distributee requests permission to grant use rights to a specific distributee, the distribution target is consulted to confirm whether or not the specific distributee is included in the second distributees. A second access policy associating the specific distributee with the information on the use rights is then registered. When the specific distributee requests permission to use the electronic document, the second access policy is consulted to permit the specific distributee to use the electronic document.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a computer-readable recording medium storing an access rights management program, an access rights management apparatus, and an access rights management method, and more particularly to a computer-readable recording medium storing an access rights management program for controlling access rights to an electronic document, an access rights management apparatus, and an access rights management method.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the case where a document author (hereinafter simply referred to as "the author") creates an electronic document using a computer and allows other users to read the electronic document, the electronic document is stored e.g. in a file server for shared access of the users to the electronic document to thereby easily allow the users to read the document.
To prevent leakage of such an electronic document to a third party, there have been proposed various methods of managing electronic documents (see e.g. Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication Nos. 2001-167016 and 2002-244927). For example, as a basic method of managing electronic documents, a user-based (identity-based) management method is known in which policies as information indicative of conditions for access to electronic documents are controlled on a user-by-user basis. This method allows an author who intends to distribute an electronic document to set access conditions on a distributee-by-distributee basis, and is effective in managing use of electronic documents when applied to a relatively small-sized organization. When an organization is large in size or has a complicated hierarchical structure, however, the author has to carry out a complicated and troublesome operation.
Another known method is a role-based management method in which policies are managed according to roles or attributes of users. With this method, it is possible to set access conditions on a role-by-role basis or on an attribute-by-attribute basis, and policy management becomes possible for up to medium-sized organizations.
However, even when the role-based management method is employed, if an organization is large-sized or has a complicated hierarchical structure, the number of roles and attributes in policy management becomes enormous, which sometimes makes it impossible for an author to determine which policy to be used and makes his operation therefor very troublesome, resulting in the incapability of use and management of policies.
As described above, it is not easy for an author to finely specify distributees as intended within his authority for safe management of use of electronic documents.
On the other hand, in the case where electronic documents which are not policy-managed are distributed in an organization having a large size or a complicated hierarchical structure, an author of an electronic document trusts and permits a primary distributee (i.e. a person who receives the electronic document directly from the author) to perform secondary and tertiary distributions of the electronic document. This distribution method is noticeably used particularly in the distribution of electronic documents from a higher-ranked distributor to lower-ranked distributors.
However, when the distribution is repeatedly carried out in secondary and tertiary distributions or in even lower-order distributions, policies generated by the author or the primary distributee sometimes fail to be transferred to lower-ranked distributees. In such cases, policy management is loosened, and hence there is a fear that electronic documents might be leaked from lower-ranked or end distributees.

Computer-readable recording medium storing access rights management program, access rights management apparatus, and access rights management method