The invention relates to a cone bolt-connection for multi-disc shaft clutches, comprising a clamping bolt (8) and a clamping sleeve (10), whereby the seat between the clamping sleeve and the clamping bolt is conically shaped. The bolt connection according to the invention provides a defined tightening measure and a particularly high centring accuracy. It is characterized in that its clamping sleeve (10) carries a second clamping sleeve (11) which has a collar (18) and, in conjunction with a clamping ring (12), positively fixes the disc packet (6, 7) in axial direction, whereby the seat between the two clamping sleeves (10, 11) is cylindrically shaped, and in that the clamping bolt (8) and the first clamping sleeve (10) form an annular gap (S) whose width is proportional to the tightening measure.

From DE 34 43 485 C2, a flexible all-steel shaft clutch is known which comprises a connecting flange for each of the two clutch halves and a spring-elastic disc-packet ring located between, and axially distant from, the two connecting flanges. This spring-elastic disc-packet is alternately connected to a clamping bolt in circumferential direction by way of one or the other connecting flange. The disc-packet ring is seated on clamping sleeves of the clamping bolts and is clamped between clamping rings, together with the connecting flange. The seat between the clamping sleeves and the respective clamping bolts is shaped conically, whereby the axial dimensions of the disc-packet ring, the clamping rings as well as the conical seats are mutually coordinated in such a way that, as a result of the axial clamping force of the clamping bolt, the disc-packet ring subjected to initial axial clamping force at the fixing points, is subjected to additional initial radial clamping force in its seat, because the clamping sleeves--due to the conical seat--have been opened out during initial clamping. This shaft clutch has been well proven in practical use.
It is the object of the present invention to provide a cone bolt-connection which can be installed in existing multi-disc shaft clutches with cylindrical boreholes in the disc packet and the connecting flange, instead of a traditional cylindrical close-tolerance bolt connection, and which allows fast and simple control of the set tightening measure.

Cone bolt-connection for multi-disc shaft clutches having first and second clamping sleeves


There is provided an information processing apparatus including an acquisition unit configured to acquire a motion state of a real object, and a display control unit configured to display a virtual object according to the acquired motion state.

The present disclosure relates to an information processing apparatus, an information processing method, and a storage medium.
In recent years, advancement of an image recognition technology makes it possible to recognize a position and a posture of a real object (for example, an object such as a signboard or a building) included in an image inputted from an imaging apparatus. A technology called AR (Augmented Reality) is known as an application example of such object recognition.
By using the AR technology, a virtual object associated with a real object (for example, advertisement information, navigation information, or information for a game) included in an image of a real space can be added to the real object. An example of such an AR technology is disclosed in JP 3841806B.

Information processing apparatus, information processing method, and storage medium


Methods of clamping and declamping a wafer from a platen are disclosed. The platen comprises one or more electrodes, which are electrically biased to electrostatically clamp the wafer to the platen. The electrode is biased to a first voltage where the wafer may be processed. Thereafter, one or more voltages are subsequently applied to the electrodes. In some embodiments, each subsequent voltage is less than the previously applied voltage. In other embodiments, one or more of the subsequent voltages may be greater than the previously applied voltage. This sequence of voltage may reduce the likelihood that the wafer will stick or adhere to the platen during the removal process.

Ion implantation process is used in manufacturing electrical and optical devices. It is a process by which dopants or impurities are introduced into a target to alter the target's mechanical, electrical, and/or optical property. In integrated circuit (IC) device manufacturing, the target may be silicon or other semiconductor wafers, or one or more features or films thereon. Generally, the dopants or impurities may have one or more properties that differ from the properties of the target. Once implanted into a region in the target, the dopants or impurities may alter the region's properties.
During the ion implantation process, the target or the wafer 102 may be supported on a platen 112. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the platen 112 may comprise one or more electrodes 114 that are electrically connected to a power supply 116. In some embodiments, multiple concentric electrodes 114 are provided where one of the electrodes may be an inner electrode 114a and another electrode may be an outer electrode 114b. In other embodiments, multiple electrodes are provided at opposite sides of the platen 112. To electrostatically clamp the wafer 102 onto the platen, the bias voltage may be applied to the electrodes 114. In some embodiments, opposite voltage may be applied to different electrodes. For example, one of the electrodes 114 may be applied with positive voltage, whereas negative voltage is applied to another electrode 114. The magnitude of the clamping voltage may be the same or different.
Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown timing of the clamping voltage provided from the power supply 116 to one or more electrodes 114 in the platen 112. After the wafer 102 is loaded onto the platen 112, clamping voltage (V1) is applied to the electrodes 114 at T1 and the wafer 102 is electrostatically clamped onto the platen 112. Although not illustrated, those skilled in the art will recognize that if two or more electrodes are provided, one of the electrodes will be applied positive V1 and the other electrode will be applied with negative V1. The voltage applied to the electrodes 114 may be maintained during the ion implantation process, and the wafer 102 may remain clamped on the platen 112. After the ion implantation is completed (i.e. T2), the clamping voltage V1 is no longer applied to the electrodes 114, and the wafer 102 is removed from the platen 112. In some embodiments, the wafer 102 removal process may include lifting and separating the wafer 102 from the platen 112 with lift pins (not shown) and removing the wafer 102 from the platen 112. As known in the art, the voltage applied to the electrodes 114 is different from the voltage directly applied to the wafer 102 to process the wafer 102. For example, in some process, negative voltage is applied to the wafer 102 to attract positively charged ions. To clamp the wafer 102, voltage is applied to the electrodes 114 in the platen 112 to electrostatically clamp the wafer 102 onto the platen 112. As is also known in the art, a dielectric layer is disposed between the electrodes 114 and the wafer 102 to electrically isolate the wafer 102 from the electrodes 114.
The ion 10 directed and implanted into the wafer 102 may be positively charged ions 10. The residual charge in the wafer 102 due to implanting charged ions may cause at a portion of the wafer 102 to stick to the platen 112 surface. Unloading such a wafer 102 may be difficult. Also, if a layer of dielectric film is coated on the lower surface of the wafer 102, the neutralization of the charged ions and electrons may be delayed, thus causing the wafer 102 to remain attached to the platen 112 surface even when the clamping voltage has been removed. Attempting to separate the wafer 102 from the platen 112 surface using excessive force may result in wafer breakage. The wafer breakage may be more frequent if a layer of dielectric film (not shown) is coated on the lower surface of the wafer 102.
As such, a new method of clamping and declamping is needed.

Techniques for clamping and declamping a substrate

Varian Semiconductor Equipment Associates, Inc.


An estimating method for a rotor position of a motor and an estimating device for the same are disclosed herein. The estimating method includes injecting a first high frequency signal to the motor at a first estimating angle, generating a first sensing signal of the motor in a period when the first high frequency signal is injected to the motor, injecting a second high frequency signal to the motor at a second estimating angle, generating a second sensing signal of the motor in a period when the second high frequency signal is injected to the motor, determining a quadrant of an operating angle according to the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal, and acquiring the rotor position according to the first sensing signal, the second sensing signal, and the quadrant of the operating angle.

1. Field of Invention
The present disclosure relates to an estimating method for a rotor position of a motor and an estimating device for the same.
2. Description of Related Art
With advances in technology, motors are widely used in our daily lives. For example, motors are used in hard disks, air conditioners, cranes, and so on.
A permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) includes a plurality of stators and a rotor. The stators can be fabricated by wires, and are disposed around the rotor. The rotation of the rotor can be controlled by controlling currents applied to the stators.
In a control (or an activation) of the PMSM, it is necessary to first estimate the rotor position of the PMSM, after which the currents can be provided to the stators to rotate the rotor according to the estimated rotor position of the PMSM. If there is a large deviation between the estimated rotor position and an actual rotor position, the rotor may rotate in the wrong rotational direction or control of the PMSM may fail, resulting in operational instability of the PMSM.
Thus, an estimating method for accurately estimating the rotor position of a motor is desired.

Estimating method for a rotor position of a motor and estimating device for the same


Steering stability performance on dry road surfaces and steering stability performance on wet road surfaces are improved.

It is considered that in order to improve the steering stability on dry road surfaces, the land portion width of a tread portion should be set wide, with the aim of ensuring the tread rigidity. However, in this case, ground contact pressure at the center in a width direction of a land portion decreases, and a ground contact length in a tire circumferential direction of the land portion is reduced in a ground contact region. Accordingly, an end portion in the ground contact length is recessed inward, and thus contact with the ground is worsened. As a result, steering stability performance on dry road surfaces may deteriorate. Additionally, the ground contact pressure at the center in the width direction of the land portion decreases, and thus drainage performance deteriorates, and steering stability performance on wet road surfaces may also deteriorate.
In the related art, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3 describe that steering stability performance on dry road surfaces and steering stability performance on wet road surfaces can be improved, by configuring a land portion such that the center of a ground contact surface in a width direction protrudes.

Abstract: A land portion width Wcc of a center land portion (31) and a land portion width Wco of an outer side middle land portion (32) satisfy a relationship of Wcc<Wco. In addition, a ground contact surface (10) of each of the outer side middle land portion (32) and an outer side shoulder land portion (34) is formed to protrude toward an outer side in a tire radial direction with respect to a reference profile PRco, PRso, and a protruding amount Hco of the outer side middle land portion (32) and a protruding amount Hso of the outer side shoulder land portion (34) satisfy a relationship of Hco<Hso.


The invention provides novel bleaching compositions comprising peracid precursors having oxynitrogen leaving groups. Peracid precursors containing these leaving groups provide new, proficient and cost-effective compounds for fabric bleaching.. These compounds have the general structures: ##STR1## wherein R is a straight or branched chain C.sub.1-20 alkyl, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl and mixtures thereof; R.sup.1 contains at least one carbon atom which is singly bonded directly to N; n is an integer from 1 to 6 and X is methylene or a heteroatom; or ##STR2## wherein n is the same as in (I); but R.sup.2 contains a carbon atom doubly bonded directly to N, and, either X is a heteroatom, R is C.sub.4-17 alkyl or both.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to novel peroxygen bleach activator compounds that aid in providing efficient peroxygen bleaching of fabrics over a wide temperature range when combined with a source of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous media. These compounds have the general structures: ##STR3##
wherein R is a straight or branched chain C.sub.1-20 alkyl, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl and mixtures thereof; R.sup.1 contains at least one carbon atom which is singly bonded directly to N; n is an integer from 1 to 6 and X is methylene or a heteroatom; or ##STR4##
wherein n is the same as in (I); but R.sup.2 contains a carbon atom doubly bonded directly to N, and, either X is a heteroatom, R is C.sub.4-17 alkyl or both.
2. Brief Statement on the Prior Art
It is well known that peroxygen bleaches are effective in removing stains and/or soils from textiles. They can be used on a wide variety of fabrics and colored garments. However the efficacy of peroxygen bleaches can vary greatly with temperature of the wash water in which they are used and they are usually most effective when the bleaching solution is above 130.degree. F. Below this temperature, it has been found that peroxide bleaching efficacy can be greatly increased by the simultaneous use of activators, otherwise known as peracid precursors. It has widely been accepted that in aqueous media, precursors and peroxygen combine to form peracid species. However, efficacy of most precursors, such as tetracetylethylene diamine (TAED), is also dependent on high wash water temperature. However, there is a need for bleach activator or peracid precursor compounds which are able to react with peroxide efficiently at low temperatures (70.degree.-100.degree. F.) to form peracids in good yields for proper cleaning performance.
Peracids themselves can be hazardous to make and are particularly prone to decomposition upon long-term storage. Thus it is advantageous to prepare the more stable peracid precursor compounds, which in alkaline water solution will react with peroxide anion to form the desired peracid in situ. As can be seen from the extensive literature in this area, many such peroxygen activators (peracid precursors) have been proposed. However, no reference appears to have taught, disclosed or suggested the advantages of leaving groups containing nitrogen in perhydrolysis.
Various compounds have been disclosed in the prior art that contain nitrogen as part of the leaving group of the peroxygen precursors. Murray, U.S. Pat. No. 3,969,257, Gray, U.S. Pat. No. 3,655,567, Baevsky, U.S. Pat. No. 3,061,550, and Murray, U.S. Pat. No. 3,928,223 appear to disclose the use of acyl groups attached to nitrogen atoms as leaving groups for activators. In all these examples, the acyl carbon atom is directly attached to the nitrogen atom. The nitrogen can in turn be attached to other carbonyl carbon groups.
In Finley et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,164,395, a sulfonyl group is attached to the nitrogen atom of the leaving group. The activator structure is thus a sulfonyl oxime.
Dounchis et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,975,153 teaches the use of only isophorone oxime acetate as a bleach activator. It is claimed that this isophorone derivative results in an activator of low odor and low toxicity. In Sarot et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,816,319, the use of diacylated glyoximes are taught. The use is restricted to diacylated dialkylglyoximes wherein the alkyl group contains one to four carbon atoms and the acyl group contains two to four atoms. In neither reference is it disclosed, taught or suggested that it is surprisingly necessary to provide a heteroatom alpha to the carbonyl of the acyl group if a peracid precursor contains oxime as a leaving group. Additionally, neither reference discloses the unique advantages conferred by surface active peracid precursors which contain about 4-14 carbons in the acyl group.


In a method for generating a query plan for estimating a number of unique entry counts of an attribute in a database, a sample of entries in the database is identified, at least one of a sampling percent and a coefficient of variance of the entries in the sample is identified, and a skewness of the entries in the sample is calculated. In addition, at least one of a plurality of estimators is selected based upon the skewness of the entries and at least one of the sampling percent and the coefficient of variance of the entries in the sample. Moreover, a query plan is generated from the selected at least one of the plurality of estimators. A query optimizer for performing the method is provided.

A database is a collection of information. A relational database is a database that is perceived by its users as a collection of tables. Each table arranges items and attributes of items in rows and columns respectively. Each table row corresponds to an item (also referred to as a record or tuple), and each table column corresponds to an attribute of the item (referred to as a field, and attribute type, or field type).
To retrieve information from a database, the user of a database system constructs a query. A query contains one or more operations that specify information to retrieve from the database. The system scans tables in the database to execute the query.
A database system often optimizes a query by arranging the order of query operations. The number of unique values for an attribute is one statistic that the database system uses to optimize queries. When the actual number of unique values is unknown, a database system can use an estimate of the number of unique attribute values. An accurate estimate of the number of unique values for an attribute is useful and methods for optimizing a query involving multiple join operations. The database system often uses the estimate in methods that determine the order in which to join tables. An accurate estimate of the number of unique values for an attribute is also useful in methods that reorder and group items. And estimate computed from a sample is typically used for large tables, rather than an exact count of the unique values, because computing the exact count is too time consuming for large tables.
Several types of estimators for estimating the number of unique values of an attribute in a database have been proposed in the database and statistics literature. The proposed estimators perform well depending on the degree of "skewness" in the data. The term skewness refers the variations in the frequencies of the attribute values. Uniform data, or data with "low skewness", has nonexistent or small variations.
It would thus be beneficial to have an estimator that provides relatively accurate estimates of the number of unique values of an attribute in a database, regardless of the skewness in the data.

Generating a query plan for estimating a number of unique attributes in a database

Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP


A plurality of cells forming at least a portion of a hive of a data storage system may be capacity balanced by fragmenting a portion of at least one non-empty tile of one of the plurality of cells and moving the fragmented portion to another one of the plurality of cells. A plurality of cells forming at least a portion of a hive of a fixed content storage system may be capacity balanced by identifying at least one of the plurality of cells from which objects are to be moved, and for each of the at least one of the plurality of cells identified, determining a number of objects to be moved to another one of the plurality of cells, identifying one or more tiles that collectively have approximately the number of objects to be moved, and moving the one or more tiles to the another one of the plurality of cells.

Data types and applications may be classified along two vectors: file versus structured data, and fixed versus dynamic data. Structured dynamic data is typically the data created by relational databases and online transaction processing applications. These applications often run on large servers with either direct attached storage (DAS) disk arrays or storage area network (SAN) disk arrays to store data. Requirements for this type of data may include high throughput, transaction performance and availability, which may be adequately provided by DAS or SAN solutions.
Unstructured dynamic data is usually created by departmental file sharing applications, such as office documents and computer-aided design (CAD). This data has been supported by a variety of storage architectures. Some IT departments, however, are moving to network-attached storage (NAS) systems because they may be easy to deploy, support heterogeneous clients and include advanced data protection features such as snapshot capabilities.
Structured static data created by append-only applications is a relatively new type of data previously served by mainframe and storage archive management solutions. The increasing amount of data associated with digital supply chain, enterprise resource planning (ERP), and radio frequency ID (RFID) applications, however, is creating an opportunity for new approaches to storage.
Unstructured static data (or fixed content), such as digital repositories, medical imaging, broadcast, compliance, media, Internet archives and dark archives, e.g., data that is retained for legal reasons and may be retrieved in the event of a legal dispute, represents a category with fast growing storage requirements. Fixed content may share the long-term storage requirement of structured static data but generally does not change and may require the ability to access the data quickly and frequently, e.g., random reads. Near-line tape may be widely deployed to reduce costs, but are limited in performance and reliability. Large-scale commodity RAID arrays may be economically attractive, unless, for example, added complexity, lack of reliability and limited scalability become evident.
Some characteristics of fixed content, e.g., non-changing data that may be stored long term, yet be quickly and readily accessible, may yield a number of requirements for storage systems:    Data and metadata—to optimally locate and retrieve stored data, the storage system may have the capability to store the files as well as system and user-defined metadata. Metadata describes the content and the attributes for locating the data within the storage system. The system may be optimized to manage different kinds of metadata and queries against the metadata, as well as store data, requiring a separate database. In addition, metadata may be managed so that it may be leveraged to support new data services such as complex queries and data validation.    Data integrity—once written, the data may be protected from accidental damage or intentional tampering and provide assurances that the data is not corrupted or suffering from bit rot over its stored life.    Reliability—the storage system may manage data reliably over the entire lifetime of the data. This may be applicable for large fixed content as these files may be so large that backup and recovery from tape may be too time consuming and thus impractical.    Scalability—the storage system may have the capability to scale from entry-level systems of a few TB to large multi-petabyte (PB) collections, without having to remove and rebuild the data on larger systems. Scalability may be non-disruptive and seamless.    Open architecture—a requirement to archive data for years to decades may mean the data will outlive a number of generations of hardware and software. Open standards may be used to ensure data can migrate across technology generations.
Several conventional technologies may be used in an attempt to meet the above requirements: (i) a DAS or SAN with an application server and metadata database; (ii) a NAS with an application server and metadata database; or (iii) a tape or optical disk with an application server and metadata database. The application servers and metadata databases are used to manage the content-specific functions such as indexing and searching the content.
Conventional solutions may not meet the requirements for unstructured static data. Static unstructured data applications may consume vast amounts of storage, and scale steadily over time. Scaling may create complexity and manageability issues because the process often requires new file systems to be created, clients to be redirected and data to be manually redistributed. NAS systems may be unsuitable because they may be difficult to scale due to the complexity of managing multiple file system mounts.
Another issue with current disk-based solutions may be reliability. For example, large-scale disk-based systems with RAID 5 may not be adequate because of the increasing risk of dual drive failures in a RAID 5 array. Furthermore, in large fixed content systems, the data may not be frequently backed up simply because it is too large. An alternative is to tolerate permanent data loss or implement mirroring schemes that decrease the density and increase the overall cost of a solution.
Tape and optical disks systems are intended for long-term storage, but the access time may be too slow for fixed content application requirements. In addition, fixed content applications may require the data to be always available and on-line, which may reduce the durability of tape or optical disks.
The above solutions may require custom integration of many discrete hardware and software components, as well as application development. Custom solutions may also contribute to complexity and increase management and service costs that surpass the expense of acquiring the technology. The added complexity of databases, application servers, NAS, SAN, volume managers, high availability and hierarchical storage management (HSM) may combine to make these solutions inefficient.

Method and system for capacity-balancing cells of a storage system


The present invention is directed toward a data acquisition and display system for vehicles that connects to the vehicle's on-board computer(s) via a data link connector (DLC). The system includes a display module suitable for permanent or temporary attachment within the interior of a vehicle. The display module preferably includes a full color monitor that also functions as a touch screen for inputting commands to the computer within the display module. The computer includes a suitable processor, operating system, software and tangible data storage media to allow multiple user configurable graphics. The display module collects information from the vehicle via multiple busses and senders through the data link connector and displays the information on the screen of the display module in a user configured graphics format. The software is constructed and arranged to allow user configuration of the displayed graphics by clicking or touching the graphics image.

An instrument panel provides a variety of functions within a vehicle. Gauges mounted within the panel are the primary interface between the driver and the vehicle. For example, a speedometer indicates the speed of the vehicle; a tachometer shows the rotational speed of the engine; while other gauges monitor and show engine temperature, fluid levels and various other parameters.
Typically in a vehicle, a factory installed instrument panel is designed to present a particular arrangement, e.g. a cluster of gauge-type instruments in a pre-set design. These instruments generally include sensors or senders positioned at appropriate points within the vehicle. Each sensor monitors one of numerous parameters and electrically or mechanically transmits a proportional output to an associated instrument. A needle or pointer is mounted on the rotary output shaft of a gauge motor and assumes different positions based on the control signal received by the instrument. The needle is positioned near a display that bears markings relevant to the condition being measured, and the needle points to various indicia as it turns. For example, if the gauge is part of a speedometer, the indicia on the gauge display will indicate various rates of speed in miles or kilometers per hour.
Accurate readings of the factory installed instruments often require the driver to divert attention from the road for extended time periods. Steering wheel or seat positioning may cause a portion of the gauges to become obstructed from clear view, extending the time it takes a driver to accurately read a cluster of instruments. Because many of the instruments must be read while the vehicle is in motion, the time required to complete a reading of the instruments may create a dangerous situation. A vehicle traveling at 60 miles per hour moves 88 feet per second, thus a driver takes his eyes off the road for 88 feet every second he/she diverts their attention to the instrument panel.
An instrument panel also functions as a key component to the interior design of a vehicle. Through the selection of surface material and contour as well as types of displays, backlighting and switches, the instrument panel can change the personality of a vehicle. Vehicle owners often install aftermarket gauges to enhance the attributes of the vehicle, either for actual performance measurement or to dress-up the vehicle for competition. Competition has always been popular among car enthusiasts and has included contests of speed, endurance, detailing, etc., each of which require the vehicle to assume a different personality.
Aftermarket gauges are mounted in various positions within the passenger compartment of the vehicle, generally within peripheral view of the driver. Often the aftermarket gauges are mounted in groups or clusters within gauge pods on the A-pillar of the vehicle or within gauge cups or panels mounted on top or under the dash of the vehicle. The cluster mounts allow the driver to view multiple gauges in a single glance. One common type of gauge, often called a panel meter gauge, is housed in a small cylindrically shaped housing having a lens at one end and lead-in terminals at the other end. The housings are generally available in various standard diameters, with 2 1/16″ and 2⅝″ being the most popular. The standard diameters of the gauge housings correspond to apertures provided in the gauge pods, cups and panels to allow the instrument panels to be customized according to the vehicle owner's preference. However, once the gauge layout and theme are chosen and installed, a change requires replacement and/or reconnection of the gauges.
Generally, the aftermarket gauges are connected in one of two ways. In the first, the car enthusiast locates the correct wiring and splices the new gauge wiring into the existing sensor wiring. Locating the correct wires and following them to a convenient splice point is a difficult task and requires knowledge, time, patience, and skill that some individuals simply do not have. Moreover, this greatly complicates the task of writing comprehensive instructions because many models and makes of automobiles require individually tailored instructions to account for differences in vehicle configurations. In addition, if the splice is not correctly performed and properly sealed, the gauge will fail to work, and the connection between the sensor and the gauge may be degraded, resulting in the possible malfunction of that sensor, and possibly affecting operation of the internal combustion system. In addition, over time the splice connection might fail due to the constant vibrations within the automotive environment. The second common way to connect additional gauges is to add additional sensors to the automobile. Adding additional sensors is a complicated process, which involves mounting the sensor, connecting power to the sensor, and routing the wire to the new gauge. The skill that is required to perform this task is beyond that of many individuals.
Modern vehicles are generally equipped with numerous sensors, such as, for example, oil pressure, coolant temperature, transmission temperature, engine temperature, steering position, air/fuel ratio, etc. Typically, the sensors are connected to an on-board computer control module that continually monitors the sensors and regulates the vehicles functions accordingly. Generally the information generated by the sensor is continually passed along the vehicle data link as part of the vehicle diagnostic system. The vehicle diagnostic system cooperates with the factory installed gauge cluster to provide failure fault indications to the driver in the form of a "service engine" light. The vehicle diagnostic system typically includes one or more separate computer control modules. Examples of such computer control modules (also known as just "modules") are: a powertrain control module (PCM), an engine control module (ECM), a transmission control module (TCM), an anti-lock brake system (ABS) control module, and an air bag control module. Typically the computer control modules are connected together by a data link, forming the vehicle diagnostic system. The data link typically has a connection point, or data link connector (DLC) that is normally located under the dash of the vehicle. The vehicle diagnostic system is generally used to provide relevant information to repair technicians. The DLC provides repair technicians with a place to connect off-board vehicle diagnostic devices, such as scan tools and code readers for communication with the vehicle diagnostic system.
"Off-board devices," such as scan tools and code readers are known in the art. Scan tool and code reader testing devices interface with vehicle diagnostic systems to access, display, and/or print vehicle diagnostic information. On-Board Diagnostics Version II (OBD II) Scan Tools are one commonly known type of scan tool and are governed by a number of standards, e.g., SAE J1978 Rev. 1998-02, SAE J1979 Rev. 1997-09, ISO9141/KWP2000, CAN/IS015765, SAE J1850 PWM, SAE J1850 VPW or the like.
A "Manufacturer-Specific Scan Tool" is a scan tool that accesses and displays proprietary manufacturer-specific data (and possibly also additionally accesses and displays OBD II data). Examples of proprietary manufacturer-specific data include Device Controls on General Motors, On-Demand Tests in Ford, Actuator Tests, Sensor Tests, Interrogator, and Read Temporary Codes in Chrysler. In general, air bag data, ABS data, cruise control data, and climate control data are also considered to be proprietary manufacturer-specific data and are typically included only in Manufacturer-Specific Scan Tools.
Typically, scan tools are capable of performing at least some of the following major functions: "View Data," also known as "Live Data," "Data," and "Data Test, DTC" (viewing and displaying in real-time live changing data from a plurality of module sensors), display of textual diagnosis descriptions corresponding to the various diagnostic codes, recording and playback of data, device control (manually controlling modules for diagnostic purposes), and reading and displaying vehicle information from the vehicle's computer (e.g., VIN information, controller calibration identification number, etc.).
However, the scan tools are often large, cumbersome wheeled devices that set outside of the vehicle with cables extending into the vehicle. Portable scan tool devices are also known; these devices are generally not constructed for permanent installation within a vehicle, nor are they generally equipped for connection to, and collection of data from, peripheral devices. Still yet, scan tools do not include software that allows a user to customize gauges for display on the monitor of the scan tool.
Therefore, there exists a need for a display device that collects information from multiple busses and senders, and can display the information on the screen of the display in a user configured format. The device should also be capable of recording the signals received from the busses and senders as well as signals from peripheral devices simultaneously to single or multiple file(s) with matching timestamps. The system should be configured so that the user can design his/her own gauge displays "skins" in the form of graphics, graphs, fonts, needles, buttons, program generated objects, and backgrounds. The system should store multiple user created skins which can be recalled for use by the user. The system should also allow the user to reassign a gauge skin to a different signal received from one of the busses or peripheral devices. The system should also be configured for automatic skin changes in response to ambient light conditions. The system should also be configured to change background color, font size and shape, and sound alarms or signals based on the signal values being received from the busses. The system should also capable of displaying data from multiple busses and peripheral devices simultaneously on the same display. The system should also configured for bi-directional communication with the vehicle's on-board computer(s) for diagnostics as well as reprogramming of the on-board computer(s). The system should also be configured to integrate with or function as a GPS. The system should also be configured to store and display a commercial that illustrates the functions and capabilities of the device. The software utilized in the system should also be adapted for use in aviation, marine, and industrial devices.
Thus, the present invention provides a gauge display system which overcomes the disadvantages of prior art scanners and gauges. The gauge display system of the present invention not only provides for relative ease in installation of the system, it also permits customization of the display/interface as well as connectivity to peripheral devices.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

User configured display system for motor vehicle


A method and apparatus for detecting a defect of an object to be measured that has a first section having a first plate part and a second plate part which has a plate surface opposite to a plate surface of the first plate part and is integral with the first plate part or is connected to the first plate part and a second section that is united integrally with the first section or is bonded to the first section. The object to be measured has an intersection part formed between the plate surface of the first and/or second plate part of the first section and the surface of the united part of the second section with the first section, any defect formed in the intersection part being detected. Further, if the first section is a major working section, the life of the object to be detected is detected by detecting deterioration of the first section.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting a defect formed at an intersection part of a united part of an object to be measured which has two plate parts having one section with the plate surfaces opposite to each other and other section that is united integrally with said one section or is bonded to said one section with the other section having the intersection part to said plate part, such as a turbine blade used in a turbine engine.
Further, this invention also-relates to a method and apparatus capable of detection of a change in thickness of two plate parts due to a change in the state of plate surfaces of the two plates sections of an object to be measured, such as a turbine blade, which has a section with the plate surfaces of the two plate parts opposite to each other with a gap between them, such as a turbine blade used in a turbine engine mentioned above.
Further, this invention relates to a method and apparatus for predicting the life of an object to be measured by detecting the degree of deterioration of a section of the object to be used that is mainly used thereby enabling the life of the particular object to be measured to be predicted.
2. Description of the Prior Art
If a structure, such as a machine and a part of a product, has a defect, such as a crack, a cavity called "su" in Japanese, or a recess, there is a risk that leads to various inconveniences, and therefore it is desired that the part having a defect, such as a crack, a cavity, and a recess, is eliminated by detecting the presence of such a defect in advance.
Heretofore, as means of detecting a crack or the like, nondestructive inspection methods are known. Nondestructive inspection methods that are now available include, for example, an ultrasonic wave reflection method of detecting defects by using ultrasonic waves reflected, a so-called AE (acoustic emission) detection method based on sounds attributable to the formation of a crack, an observation method using a CCD camera, an X-ray photograph method, and a color check method.
Meanwhile, with respect to structures, such as parts, there are many structures that have a part in the shape with two platelike items bonded together (including the case wherein two platelike items are integrally constructed) in order to make it light or to provide the inside thereof with a flow passage for a gas or a liquid.
For instance, the blade part of a turbine blade of a turbine engine of an airplane has a structure that two opposite platelike items with a gap between them are connected through bridge sections. The spaces partitioned by the bridge sections are constructed to serve as flow passages for heated air.
The turbine blade is composed of blade parts, a pedestal that is called a so-called platform part and to which the blade parts are connected, and a leg part continuous to the pedestal.
In the case of such a structure, the pedestal that is a united section joining the blade part to the leg part is in a state having an intersection part with surfaces intersecting at a prescribed angle, for example, 90.degree., like an L-shaped part. In this specification, the term "unite" include both "connect different sections" and "unite integrally different sections".
In such an intersection part wherein surfaces intersect like an L-shaped part, stress is concentrated in many cases, and such a section is apt to be scared. Further, in the case wherein a scar of the intersection part has penetrated into the part of the joined section, the scar in concert with the concentration of stress into the intersection part is enlarged, which will likely lead to destruction or the like of the united part, and therefore it is desirable that a scar in the intersection part can be detected separately from other sections.
However, in the case wherein a scar formed in said intersection part is probed by the above-described conventional nondestructive inspection method, it is required to probe this intersection part in a concentrated manner. In the case wherein the examination is carried out in such a manner, the ultrasonic reflection method of examining a defect is a contact method and measures only the section where a sensor is applied because of rectilinear propagation of ultrasonic waves, and therefore there are such disadvantages that the examination takes time, and judgement is not easy because of reflection of ultrasonic waves due to nonalignment in the sensor connection surface and because visible waveforms become different depending on a small angular difference of the propagation direction of ultrasonic waves.
Further, in the case of the AE method, it is a contact method like the ultrasonic reflection method of examining a defect and there is the problem that the measurement is impossible if the crack is not a linear crack. In addition, in some cases of linear cracks, it is required to carry out the measurement with the crack being increased.
Further, in the case of the observation method using a CCD camera, there is the fault that a judgement is disturbed if there is a stain or a pattern other than a crack. Further, in the case of the X-ray photograph method, although it is effective because a direct visual observation is possible, for example, there is the fault that the amount of X-ray is required to be adjusted depending on the thickness of the object to be measured and this adjustment is troublesome not to allow observation.
A first object of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for detecting a defect that is capable of detecting quickly and easily a defect, such as a crack and a cavity, formed in an intersection part of a structure as described above without causing faults as mentioned above.
By the way, since hot air is passed through the inside of a blade part of a turbine blade, the inner wall surface thereof is oxidized. Then with the passage of the operating time, a crack and the like are formed in the oxidized section, the particular inner wall surface section comes off, and the platelike item constituting the blade part becomes thinner. Therefore, it is important to monitor the thickness of the platelike item constituting the blade part to judge the deterioration of the turbine blade or to judge the necessity of the repair.
However, if a change in the thickness of this blade part is measured by the above-mentioned conventional nondestructive inspection method, generally it takes very long time, and in some cases, even it requires to take 1 hour to measure a thickness. Further, most of the conventional nondestructive inspection methods are contact-type inspection methods wherein measurement is carried out with a sensor in contact with a site to be-checked, and therefore are not suitable, for example, for judgement of a defect in the blade part.
A second object of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus that can detect quickly and easily a defect formed in the inner surface of a section which is possessed by an object to be measured and wherein two plate parts are opposed with a prescribed gap between their plate surfaces as described above and a change in thickness of the plate parts of that particular section resulted thereby.
Further, the conventional methods of detecting a defect as described above detect whether or not a defect or the like is formed in an object to be measured and are not suitable for knowing the life of an object to be measured as to ascertain how long the object to be measured can be used safely.
However, parts are gradually deteriorated by the use thereof and, for example, in the case of turbine blades used in turbine engines of airplanes described above, it is very important to predict the life thereof and prevent a serious accident from occurring by replacing it in a suitable early stage before the formation of a defect or the like.
In that case, the blade part in the turbine blade is deteriorated mainly by the use thereof and it is expected that the progress of deterioration is quicker in the blade part than in the pedestal called the platform part to which the blade part is united. Therefore it is important to detect the degree of deterioration of the blade part.
A third object of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus that can predict the life of an object to be measured that has a first section which is a major working section and a second section that is united integrally with said first section or is bonded to said first section by detecting the degree of deterioration of said first section.

Method and apparatus for detecting a defect of an object to be measured


A fluid applicator mounting device includes a main body to removeably receive a fluid applicator module. The main body includes a common fluid channel having a main input port, a main output port, a supplemental input port to provide fluid to the fluid applicator module, and a supplemental output port to output fluid from the fluid applicator module. The fluid applicator mounting device also includes an input fm member disposed inside the common fluid channel and arranged proximate to the supplemental input port to guide fluid to the fluid applicator module. The fluid applicator mounting device also includes an output fin member disposed inside the common fluid channel and arranged proximate to the supplemental output port to guide fluid from the fluid applicator module away from the supplemental output port.

Fluid applicator mounting devices may removeably receive fluid applicator modules. The fluid applicator modules may selectively apply fluid to an object. The fluid applicator mounting device may include a common supply channel to supply fluid to the fluid applicator modules. The fluid applicator modules may include printhead modules, or the like.

Hewlett-Packard Industrial Printing LTD.


A fogless mirror having a mirror, a heater element and a light assembly. The mirror includes a transparent substrate and reflective coating attached to the transparent substrate. The mirror has at least one light transmissive region. The heater element is mounted with respect to the mirror. The light assembly is mounted with respect to the mirror such that light emitted from the light assembly passes through the light transmissive region.

Ambient air includes a certain amount of water vapor amongst other gases. The amount of water vapor that ambient air can hold is dependent, in part, upon the temperature of the ambient air. Dew point is a measure of the temperature at which water vapor in ambient air will begin to fall out and condense upon a surface. In situations of high humidity such as a bathroom where a shower or other hot water sources are present, it is common for the dew point to be higher than the surface temperature of structures in the bathroom, such as the mirror. When the temperature of a mirror or other surface is below that of the dew point, water vapor from the ambient air will condense onto the surface of the mirror causing fogging.
One way to prevent condensation and fogging on a mirror is to maintain the surface of the mirror at a temperature higher than that of the dew point. This is most conveniently done by providing a source of heat to the mirror.
Heated mirrors have long existed in the art. Heated mirrors have fallen into two basic classifications. The first classification includes those mirrors that are heated by hot water drawn from the bathroom plumbing system. Heating a mirror by using hot water from the bathroom plumbing system has the obvious disadvantage in that the plumbing required might be complex and is subject to the risk of leaking.
The alternative approach is to heat the mirror by the use of electrical heating elements. Examples of such mirror, which utilize electrical heating elements, are described in the following prior art references: Catterson, U.S. Pat. No. 3,160,736; Feldman et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,280,981; Ghiassy, U.S. Pat. No. 5,302,809; and Mischel, U.S. Pat. No. 5,408,069. All of the previously cited references disclose electric heating elements that are connected to an electrical source, which are secured to the backs of mirrors or wall behind the mirror for defogging them. However, all of these references fail to adequately protect the heating element and electrical connections from exposure to moisture or require additional materials used in combination with the element to uniformly heat the mirror surface.
Other prior art references disclose or suggest fogless mirrors, but do not provide a moisture resistant assembly for the protection of the heating element and electrical connections or for a lighted mirror. For example, Reiser et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,406,049, discloses a fog-resistant mirror assembly including a conductive coating within the mirror thereby providing a heating element. Additionally, Rust, U.S. Pat. No. 3,530,275, and Reuben, U.S. Pat. No. 4,940,317, respectively, disclose resistant heating elements secured to mirrors per se. Furthermore, Winter, U.S. Pat. No. 5,904,874, discloses a resistance heating device that is incorporated as a plurality of layers in a bathroom mirror. Finally, U.S. Pat. No. 5,911,896 reveals a thin film heater element that can be laminated between two glass ceramic panels.
It is noted that the prior art references cited above are not specifically designed to be used in an environment where direct exposure to flowing water may occur. The devices disclosed in the previously mentioned references fail to provide a heating element adequately sealed from outside moisture. Furthermore, the previously cited references do not disclose a heating element enclosed in a moisture insulation assembly that will not absorb moisture or deteriorate when in contact with moisture, but still possesses the capability of uniformly and controllably transferring heat to a mirror surface. In addition, the prior art references do not provided for a lighted mirror.
Sellgren et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,420,682, however, is designed to be used in an environment where direct exposure to flowing water may occur. Sellgren et al. discloses a fogless heated mirror that can be incorporated into a shower or bathtub surround and is incorporated herein by reference.
Lighted mirrors are known in the art, and are often used to provide improved visibility of the face especially for use when shaving or applying make-up or other facial skin preparations. Examples of lighted grooming mirrors are described in the following prior art references: Burton, U.S. Pat. No. 6,347,876; Chu, U.S. Pat. No. 5,997,149; and Goldstein et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,441,969. All of the previously cited references disclose lighted grooming mirrors, however these mirrors are not adapted to be used in a wet environment such as a shower or bathtub surround. Zadro, U.S. Pat. No. 4,733,468, is designed to be used in a shower, however, the mirror is heated through the use of hot water and water is used to turn a small generator to power the light.
In recent years, architectural trends have moved toward the development of larger, more comfortable, more luxurious bathrooms in residential construction. These architectural trends have been in response to changes in lifestyle in which bathrooms have often changed from purely utilitarian areas to areas of greater convenience and luxury. For example, bathrooms in new construction and remodeling now often incorporate hot tubs or whirlpool tubs as well as luxury shower facilities.
Along with these changes has been a general trend toward increasing convenience items in bathroom facilities. Thus, it is now more desirable than in the past to be able to have a lighted fog-free mirror incorporated into a luxury shower or tub surround to accommodate such activities as shaving, hair coloring and other cosmetological activities. With this desire comes an increased concern for absolute electrical safety since the fog-free mirror may be exposed directly to water, more than a typical vanity mirror.
In addition, with the aging of the population, a mirror incorporated into the bathtub or shower surround presents enhanced convenience and also provides accommodations to certain types of disabilities. For example, persons with arthritis may find it much more comfortable to do fine motor tasks such as shaving in a warm moist environment. Therefore, the placement of a fog-free mirror in a shower or bathtub surround accommodates individuals with such conditions.


A system and method for accessing a hidden partition during a boot sequence is disclosed. An information handling system can include a basic input output system (BIOS) that can be operable to access a master boot record (MBR) of a storage device. The digital media storage device can include a fixed number of visible partitions and at least one hidden partition. The information handling system can further include a processor operable to detect a boot event operably associated with initiating a request to access contents that can be stored within an associated hidden partition of the storage device. The information handing system can also include a memory that can be operable to store at least a portion of the contents of the hidden partition. The contents can be stored upon accessing the hidden partition using an association established between one of the fixed number of visible partitions and the hidden partition.

As the value and use of information continues to increase, individuals and businesses seek additional ways to process and store information. One option is an information handling system. An information handling system generally processes, compiles, stores, and/or communicates information or data for business, personal, or other purposes. Because technology and information handling needs and requirements can vary between different applications, information handling systems can also vary regarding what information is handled, how the information is handled, how much information is processed, stored, or communicated, and how quickly and efficiently the information can be processed, stored, or communicated. The variations in information handling systems allow for information handling systems to be general or configured for a specific user or specific use such as financial transaction processing, airline reservations, enterprise data storage, or global communications. In addition, information handling systems can include a variety of hardware and software components that can be configured to process, store, and communicate information and can include one or more computer systems, data storage systems, and networking systems.
Initialization of conventional information handling systems can begin with accessing a system's basic input output system (BIOS) using the microprocessor of the information handling system. When the BIOS boots up the system, the BIOS typically first determines the functionality of critical hardware components and then loads all or a portion of the operating system from a system hard disk drive, diskette drive, or optical drive. The BIOS enables an operating system and various other applications to not have to understand exact details (such as hardware addresses) about various electronic components within an information handling system. For example, an operating system can not have to keep track of addressing for devices such as hard disk drives, video adapters, keyboards, pointing devices, printers, and other devices. As such, altering or changing an input/output device typically does not require an application or operating system to be modified in order to operate as an information handling system's BIOS typically handles this function.
The use of the same reference symbols in different drawings indicates similar or identical items.

Method and system to dynamically boot to a non-visible partition


Glucocorticosteroids that are derivatives of isoxazolidine are useful as anti-inflammatory and antiallergic compounds of the glucocorticosteroid series.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to novel anti-inflammatory and antiallergic compounds of the glucocorticosteroid series, methods of preparing such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such a compound, combinations containing such a compound, and therapeutic uses of such a compound. More particularly, the present invention relates to glucocorticosteroids that are isoxazolidine derivatives.
2. Discussion of the Background
Corticosteroids are potent anti-inflammatory agents, able to decrease the number, activity and movement of inflammatory cells. Corticosteroids are commonly used to treat a wide range of chronic and acute inflammatory conditions including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), allergic rhinitis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and autoimmune diseases. Corticosteroids mediate their effects through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The binding of corticosteroids to GR induces its nuclear translocation which, in turn, affects a number of downstream pathways via DNA-binding-dependent (e.g. transactivation) and -independent (e.g. transespression) mechanisms.
Corticosteroids for treating chronic inflammatory conditions in the lung such as asthma and COPD are currently administered through inhalation. One of the advantages of employing inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is the possibility of delivering the drug directly at site of action, thereby limiting systemic side-effects, thus resulting in a more rapid clinical response and a higher therapeutic ratio.
Although ICS treatment can afford important benefits, especially in asthma, it is important to minimize ICS systemic exposure which leads to the occurrence and severity of unwanted side effects that may be associated with chronic administration. Moreover, the limited duration of action of ICS currently available in the clinical practice contributes to suboptimal management of the disease. While the inhaler technology is the key point to target the lung, the modulation of the substituents on the corticosteroids molecular scaffold is important for the optimization of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties in order to decrease oral bioavailability, confine pharmacological activity only in the lung (prodrugs and soft drugs) and increase systemic clearance. Moreover, long lasting ICS activity in the lung is highly desirable as once daily administration of ICS would allow the reduction of the frequency of administration and, thus, substantially improve patient compliance and, as a result, disease management and control. In sum, there is a pressing medical need for developing ICS with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics.
Glucocorticoids isoxazolidine derivatives are for instance described in WO 2006/005611, GB 1578446 and in "Synthesis and topical anti-inflammatory activity of some steroidal [16α,17α-d] isoxazolidines" (J. Med. Chem., 25, 1492-1495, 1982), all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Some glucocorticoid isoxazolidine derivatives are also described in the co-pending patent applications WO 2011/029547, WO 2012/123482, and WO 2012/123493, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
However, there remains a need for glucocorticosteroid with improved pharmacological properties.


Provided is a data setting system that has an image forming apparatus provided with an image reading part, and the communication terminal apparatus provided with a light irradiating part. The image forming apparatus is provided with an optical-communication receive part and an optical-communication execution part. The optical-communication receive part receives an external light signal by using an image reading part. The optical-communication execution part performs a setup of the data corresponding to the received light signal. The communication terminal apparatus is provided with an optical-communication sending part. The optical-communication sending part sends the light signal corresponding to a setup of data using a light irradiating part.

The present disclosure is related with a data setting system and a data setting method.
In detail, it is related with the data setting system and data setting method that can set up data by using a scanner unit without connecting physically.
Typically, there are some technology for performing adjustment and inspection work without contact to an apparatus on a production line. For example, there is a typical adjustment and an inspection method for the subject for adjustment and examination in a production line. In this method, each of the subject of adjustment and examination including an electronic circuit, which is conveyed on the production line one by one, required adjustment and inspection are performed at a stations in each. In this case, at the stations in each, bidirectional optical communication is performed between the subject of adjustment and examination in a carrying state or a conveyance idle state, and a control unit attached to the station. Thus, required adjustment and inspection are to be conducted. Therefore, required adjustment and inspection are performed at the stations in each of the subject of adjustment and examination including an electronic circuit, which is conveyed on the production line one by one. In this case, it is not based on mechanical electric connection between the subject of adjustment and examination in the carrying state or the conveyance idle state, and the control unit attached to that station. Moreover, it is supposed that required adjustment and inspection are noncontact states, and is moreover conducted promptly.

Data setting system and data setting method that use optical-communication


A music composition system, comprising receiving a first harmony including a first melody, analyzing the first harmony to derive in real-time a rule relating the first melody to the first harmony, receiving a second melody, and applying the rule in real-time to the second melody to produce a second harmony relating to the second melody.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to computer-aided music analysis and composition.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Composition and playing of music requires years of dedication to the cause. Many talented individuals are simply unable to dedicate so much of their lives to learning the skill. Technology has grappled with allowing non-practiced individuals to play music for years. Player pianos, automated music and rhythm organs, and electronics keyboards have minimized the learning curve. While these devices automated some parts of music reproduction to some extent, they severely constrained creativity.
The player piano, for example, used a predetermined program indicated by holes in a roll of paper. The keys that were pressed based on those holes were indifferent to the creative ideas of an unskilled operator.
All of these technologies force operators to rely on pre-packaged music originated by others. They allow very little creativity. Even the keynote in which the pre-programmed sounds are to be played is preselected. Merely arranging snippets of another's music has proved a poor substitute for creating one's own music.
Recently, some have tried to apply computer power in aid of the composer. U.S. Pat. No. 5,308,915 is representative of the many systems that use a neural network. Computer-based music analysis and composition has used, for example, neural network computer technology. Neural networks which make use of concepts related to the operation of the human brain. Neural networks operate in an analog or continuously variable fashion. Some neural network approaches use some sort of rule-based preprocessing and post-processing. The knowledge which the system uses to make its decisions is inaccessible to the user.
For example, takes a system with the following steps:
______________________________________ Input from MIDI keyboard (10) .vertline. .vertline. Preprocessor puts input into a form that a neural network can understand (20) .vertline. .vertline. Neural network (30) Postprocessor to turn neural network output back into MIDI (40) .vertline. Output to MIDI sound module (50) ______________________________________
The input and output that the system is sending may be understandable at each point in the process. However, ALL of the LEARNED knowledge that the system uses to make its decisions is hidden in the weights of the connections inside the neural network (30). The inventors recognized that this knowledge is extremely difficult to extract from the network. It is difficult to phrase music in a form directly that can be understood by a network. All neural networks share the common characteristic that at some point in the process, knowledge is not stored in a directly-accessible declarative form.
Another limitation commonly encountered in neural network approaches is related to external feedback, where the output of the network is used at some point in the future as input to the network. Here, the analog nature of the network allows it to slide away from the starting point and toward s one of the melodies on which it was trained. One example is a network which learned the "blue danube". The problem with this network was that no matter what input you gave it, eventually it started playing the blue danube. The key point here is that the network may have learned the blue danube, but it did NOT learn HOW to write it or how to write SIMILAR but not IDENTICAL music.
Moreover, neural networks are analog machines, and it is difficult to make an analog machine (a neural network) approximate a discrete set of data (music with a finite number of pitches and rhythmic positions).
One type of network used for composition is a single feed-forward network. This network has been used to associate chords with melodies. This system was described by Shibata in 1991. This system represents chords as their component tones instead of by their figured bass symbols. The network also required the entire melody at once, meaning it could not be performed in real-time as the melody was being generated by a musician. An important contribution from Shibata's work is the use of psychophysical experiments to gauge the success of a computer compositional approach; listeners evaluated the output of the network compared to a table-driven harmonizing approach and indicated a measure of how natural the output sounded.
Adding recurrent connections to a neural network provides additional computational complexity, and allows the network to evolve some sense of movement through time. This approach has been used to teach a network a single 153-note melody.
The inventors recognized certain limitations in these previous studies. Neural networks have a continuous analog nature, which has proven to be difficult to apply to apply to music's a discrete set of events. Almost all music has some sort of regular rhythm, with notes starting either directly on a beat or at just a simple fraction of the beat. Note durations behave similarly.
Most music is also tonal, using only a finite number of pitch values. Neural networks, which use a continuous or analog mode of operation, require excessive training to approximate this discrete behavior. This is a very inefficient use of a nueral network.
Neural networks learn in a connective way, which is not conducive to determination of the rationale behind the learning. The inventors recognized that a music composer either likes or dislikes certain effects which have been obtained. It is an object of the present invention to allow the composer to interact with the computer based learning system by viewing and/or modifying the results of the computer based learning system. It might be possible to modify a neural network to respond to feedback from a user about what that user likes or dislikes as suggested according to the present invention. Even if this were done, however, it would not be easy to ask the network, "I HATE that| Why did you do that?"
Some research has been done using rule-based computer analyses that learn from examples. Rule-based systems are inherently discrete, easing system training. An example of a generic rule is shown below, with a left-hand side (LHS) referencing one or more attributes A.sub.x and a right-hand side (RHS) referencing an attribute A.sub.RHS. Such a rule inferences the RHS attribute A.sub.RHS. A set of such rules is known as a rule base. ##EQU1##
U.S. Pat. No. 5,418,325 describes a computer receiving a musical element, i.e., a series of notes over time. This is used to build a table of rules that indicate which notes are most likely to follow each note received. Such a table is of some help to a composer of a new element in order to create a series of notes that are pleasing to the ear.
The inventors recognized that this will give a correct distribution, but will not necessarily sound good. Music which is done purely probabalistically is BORING, i.e., it doesn't interest the ear.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,418,323 describes a system in which rules built from a small seed string of notes. The system is usually not responsive to feedback in real-time.
The systems of U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,302,777, 5,218,153, and 4,981,544, for example, create such competing rules but follow through with only simplistic methods of making use of these rules. The present invention defines a new technique of weighing which allows competing rules to be maintained and appropriately used.
It is hence an object of the present invention to provide a system which includes all of the advantageous aspects of the present invention--a system which operates using the least possible amount of computer power to learn musical rules and weights and apply them in real-time. The present invention also allows interaction with the rules, e.g. by viewing and/or modifying the rules that have fired.
The system preferably stores information in the form of rules, unlike the conventional learning system which stores information. The use of rules in addition to learning provides some of the benefits of both. The present invention uses probabilistic rules to obtain many of the capabilities of analog networks. By so doing, the present invention obtains all of the benefits of a rule-based system. This allows us to ask the system to explain its decisions.
Practical operation of these systems is enhanced if the rule base is appropriately managed. Another aspect of the present invention defines a special real-time dependency pruning system which enhances the accuracy of the rulebase. Another aspect teaches segmenting the rulebases in a way which facilitates their use. Yet another aspect of the invention defines using probabilistic, e.g., not deterministic, rules.
The operating techniques used by the present invention allow a simple algorithm with small chunks of data to accompany a live musician. The preferred system uses special rules which are optimized for the use according to the present invention.
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a music composition system useful to one lacking formal training in musical arts. Another object is to provide a system which creates rules through analysis of music. Another object of the system is to provide a real-time composition system which applies these rules in real-time. The present system does not need to create the rules in real-time. In fact, the computers presently being used take several minutes to create the rules it later is able to apply to musical input with a delay of less than 1/10 second.
Another object of the invention is to provide an automated music composition system that creates rules through real-time analysis of music. In addition, it is an object of the invention to provide an automated music composition system requiring little explicitly-coded knowledge of music. It is a further object of the invention to provide an automated rule-based music composition system in which multiple competing rules contribute to an outcome. Still another object of the invention is to provide an automated rule-based music composition system using special rules optimized to provide the best results.


An epoxy resin composition for semiconductor sealing, which comprises an epoxy resin, a curing agent and an inorganic filler, and has a J-value of 10 to 50, which is a maximum jetting flow value determined according to a method of evaluating jetting flow of epoxy resin composition.

(a) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to epoxy resin compositions for semiconductor sealing which can be transfer molded to produce full-molded type packages with different resin thickness for the marking side and the back, such as full-molded type power TRS (FM-type P-TRS), without leaving voids, and also to resin molded type semiconductors sealed with the epoxy resin compositions.
(b) Description of the Related Art
Resin molded type semiconductor devices are produced by sealing semiconductor elements, such as ICs, LSIs, TRSs or diodes, with thermosetting resins to protect them from the external atmosphere and mechanical shock. From the viewpoints of mass-productivity, cost and reliability, low pressure transfer molding with epoxy resin compositions, which suits mass production, is widely used to seal semiconductor elements.
The diversity of the package forms of recent resin molded type semiconductor devices increases packages having forms difficult to mold, including TSOPs (thin single outline packages), which are ultra thin packages 1 mm thick or less, and packages containing radiator plates, being about 10 mm thick and having different resin thickness for the marking side and the back, such as full-molded type transistors (FM-type TRSs), full-molded type power transistors (FM-type P-TRSs) and full-molded type ICs (FM-type ICs).
When a conventional epoxy resin composition for semiconductor sealing (hereinafter, may be called sealing resin) are transfer molded to produce packages with different sealing resin thickness for each side of an insert, such as FM-type TRSs, FM-type ICs or FM-type P-TRSs, the behavior of the sealing resin flowing into the cavity is different for the upper side (the marking side) and the lower side (the back), and makes weld marks (a kind of voids which are left at the joining points of the upper resin and the lower resin flowing separately on and under the insert during filling the cavity with the resin) on moldings. The weld marks decrease the electric properties (such as insulation voltage) and reliability in moisture resistance of resin molded type semiconductor devices. For example, when the moisture resistance is tested by a PCT at 120.degree. C. in a steam of 2 atm, water enters from the weld marks and causes a leakage current and breakage of electrodes due to corrosion and, at a high voltage, decreases the insulation properties.

Epoxy resin composition for semiconductor sealing and resin molded type semiconductor device sealed with the epoxy resin composition


An aerated mixture of unflavored ice cream, yogurt or other food base mix is applied to one end of the interior of an elongated freezing chamber and is advanced along the chamber by a rotating screw or auger. As the mix is advanced within the chamber, it is cooled and worked to form a semi-solid product. Prior to discharge from the remote end of the chamber, flavor is injected and mixed into the product. The free volume in the system from chamber inlet to the discharge point is carefully limited to a minimum amount so that most of the product is cleared from the system during each individual serving. The result is the availability of individual servings of a fresh, high-quality frozen food product.

A. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to the manufacture of high-quality frozen foods such as ice cream, yogurt, and the like.
B. Prior Art
Frozen food products are typically produced in batch form, i.e., a quantity substantially larger than the amount commonly required by a single user is produced in advance of a specific request and is held available for subsequent dispensing. For example, in machines for dispensing "soft" ice cream to the individual consumer, although an individual consumer might want a serving of only a few ounces, it is common to dispense this from a machine which makes a quantity measured in quarts or gallons in advance of the request and which stores the excess for subsequent sale. The product necessarily deteriorates during this storage, both through oxidation and through the growth of ice crystals which detract from whatever smoothness the product originally possessed when fresh.
Novel apparatus and methods suitable for producing, on demand, quantities of frozen food product such as ice cream, yogurt or the like that range from in the order of ounces to gallons or unlimited amounts is described in a series of patents of which two of the inventors of the present invention are co-inventors, namely, U.S. Pat. No. 5,292,030, "Method And Apparatus For Producing And Dispensing Aerated Products", issued Mar. 8, 1994; U.S. Pat. No. 5,433,967, "Method And Apparatus For Producing And Dispensing Aerated Or Blended Food Products", and U.S. Pat. No. 5,473,909, "Method And Apparatus For Producing And Dispensing Aerated Or Blended Fluid Products", issued Dec. 12, 1995. The teachings of these patents are expressly incorporated herein by reference.

Apparatus for manufacturing frozen confection


A reluctance machine including one or more damping windings placed within the stator or within the rotor which are used to store and provide energy so as to reduce unwanted machine vibration and noise, improve current commutation, and improve the efficiency and torque output of the machine.

In general, a reluctance machine is an electric machine in which torque is produced by the tendency of a movable part to move into a position where the inductance of an energized phase winding is maximized. In one type of reluctance machine the energization of the phase windings occurs at a controlled frequency. These machines are generally referred to as synchronous reluctance machines. In another type of reluctance machine, circuitry is provided for detecting the position of the movable part (generally referred to as a "rotor") and energizing the phase windings as a function of the rotor's position. These types of machines are generally known as switched reluctance machines. The present invention is applicable to both synchronous and switched reluctance machines.
The general theory of the design and operation of reluctance machines in general, and switched reluctance machines in particular, is known in the art and is discussed, for example, in Stephenson and Blake, "The Characteristics, Design and Applications of Switched Reluctance Motors and Drives", Presented at the PCIM '93 Conference and Exhibition at Nuremberg, Germany, June 21-24, 1993.
As explained above, the basic mechanism for torque production in a traditional reluctance motor is the tendency of the rotor to move into a position to increase the inductance of the energized phase winding. In general, the magnitude of the torque produced by this mechanism corresponds to the magnitude of the current in the energized phase winding such that the motor torque is heavily dependent on the phase current waveforms. For an ideal traditional reluctance motor with no magnetic saturation, the instantaneous torque T, per phase, is: ##EQU1## Where i is the instantaneous current in the energized phase winding and dL/.sub.d.theta. is the derivative of the phase inductance L with respect to the rotor position .theta.. While all practical reluctance motors have some magnetic saturation, this equation is useful for purposes of the present analysis.
As a switched reluctance motor (or generator) operates, magnetic flux is continuously increasing and decreasing in different parts of the machine. The changing flux results in fluctuating magnetic forces being applied to the ferromagnetic parts of the machine and in rapidly varying and pulsating radial forces. These forces can produce unwanted vibration and noise. One major mechanism by which these forces can create noise is the ovalizing of the stator caused by forces normal to the air-gap. Generally, as the magnetic flux increases along a given diameter of the stator, the stator is pulled into an oval shape by the magnetic forces. As the magnetic flux decreases, the stator springs back to its undistorted shape with possible overshoots. This ovalizing and springing back of the stator can cause unwanted vibration and consequently produce audible noise.
In addition to the distortions of the stator by the ovalizing magnetic forces, unwanted vibration and acoustic noise may also be produced by abrupt changes in the magnetic forces in the motor. These abrupt changes in the gradient of the magnetic flux (i.e., the rate of change of the flux with time) may be referred to as "hammer blows" because the effect on the stator is similar to that of a hammer strike. Just as a hammer strike may cause the stator to vibrate at one or more natural frequencies (determined by the mass and elasticity of the stator) the abrupt application or removal of magnetic force can cause the stator to vibrate at one or more of its natural frequencies. In general, the lowest (or fundamental) natural frequency dominates the vibration, although higher harmonics may be emphasized by repeated excitation at the appropriate frequency. These abrupt changes in machine flux often occur at the current commutation instant when the energization of an active phase winding is switched off. This current commutation contribution to unwanted noise and vibration is a difficult problem since such current commutation is an inherent characteristic of conventional switched reluctance machines. Moreover, the problem of unwanted noise and vibration is particulate significant at low rotational speeds where the stator has more time to "spring back" in response to changes in the magnetic characteristics of the machine.
Although the problem of unwanted acoustic noise and vibration has been recognized, known solutions often do not adequately solve the problem and/or require complex, and potentially expensive, controls for controlling the current in the windings of a reluctance machine.
As explained briefly above, in most switched reluctance machines, current in an active phase winding is switched on to produce positive torque when the inductance of the phase winding is increasing and switched off to avoid negative torque when the inductance of the phase winding is decreasing. To produce the appropriate amount of output torque it is important that the magnitude of the current be at a sufficient value over an appropriate portion of the positive-rising inductance region. The inductance of the phase winding, however, limits the rate at which the current in the phase winding may change and tends to slow down the current rise and fall time. This inductance, thus, tends to limit the current available for torque production. Moreover, the back-EMF produced by an operating machine also tends to limit the rate of change of the current and thus potentially limit the torque output of the machine. The limiting effects of the phase winding inductance and the back-EMF become more serious as the rotational speed of the machine increases and the back-EMF becomes greater and the time allowed for current rise and fall time becomes more limited.
A further limitation of conventional reluctance machines concerns the rating of the power converter and DC bus (or DC link) capacitor often required with such machines. It is known in the art that during each stroke period of an active phase winding (e.g., the period over which the phase winding is energized and then de-energized) a significant portion of the electrical energy that is applied to the phase winding when the winding was energized and that is not converted into output torque or motor losses is returned to the power converter. This significant energy circulation characteristic often necessitates the use of power converters having relatively high volt-amp ratings (to provide all of the required power) and in the use of relatively large DC bus (DC link) capacitors (to absorb the power returned to the power converter). Such high rated power converters and large capacitors may significantly add to the overall cost of a reluctance machine system.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome these and other limitations of traditional reluctance machines by, inter alai, providing an improved reluctance machine that has one or more auxiliary damping windings that tend to reduce unwanted noise and vibration in a cost-efficient manner; enhance the current commutation characteristics of the machine so as to provide increased output torque and/or motor efficiencies; and allow for the use of reluctance systems having lower rated power converters and smaller DC link capacitors that would normally be required. Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.

Switched reluctance motor with damping windings


A method and system to receive the secondary notification messages when an ETWS primary notification message is received in connected mode of UE are provided. The method includes the way to receive the secondary notification information in UE. The secondary notification information comprises necessary associated information of the ETWS like government aid, help centers, health centers, and refugee camps and so on to help the user in many ways to combat the situation. The method discloses different ways of transition to idle mode to receive the secondary notification message according to configuration defined by the user within the UE.

With advances in technology, mobile devices are playing a key role in our day to day life. The affordability of mobile devices in conjunction with the advances in technology has enabled most people to own a smart phone. Moreover, the introduction of user friendly operating systems into the consumer handset market enables most people to use a smart phone more efficiently than ever before. As a result, such devices have been used all over the world.
Although smart phones now have many applications in various fields such as multimedia, entertainment, gaming and so on. The main use of these devices is still to achieve communication, either using voice or data. In today's world, most smart phone users possess an email account, and would want to access these services on their handheld devices.
Today, there is work ongoing to provide different types of public warning systems. For example, support for an ETWS, enabling transmission of warning notifications about coming earthquakes and/or tsunamis to a UE through the network is ongoing. The ETWS warning notifications may be divided into a primary notification and a secondary notification. The primary notification is sent in order to notify users about the most urgent event in seconds rather than minutes, such as imminent occurrence of an earthquake and the like. There are requirements to reach the users with an ETWS primary notification message within 4 seconds. In order to avoid fake messages, inclusion of authentication or security check information is also provided in the primary notification. The secondary notification is sent to give users supplementary information that is of lesser urgency, such as instructions on what to do, where to get help, a map to refuge facilities, a time table of food distribution, and the like.
ETWS primary notification information can be delivered to the UE in all its states through messages defined in UMTS, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), and Long Term Evolution (LTE). However, when the UE is in connected mode (either Dedicated CHannel (i.e., DCH) or Forward Access CHannel (i.e., FACH) states) because of either Circuit Switching (CS) or Packet Switching (PS), 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specifications in UMTS do not explain how to receive the secondary notification through Cell Broadcasting Service (CBS) messages in these states. CBS messages (secondary notification messages) are received only in idle mode or cell Paging CHannel (CELL_PCH) or Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) Registration Area Paging CHannel (URA_PCH) states of a UE. In an existing system, it is left to the implementation of the UE on how to go to idle mode or CELL_PCH or URA_PCH states to receive the secondary notification when the UE receives the ETWS Message in either DCH or FACH states. Further, it is also left to the network implementation whether to release all the calls of the UEs, if they are connected and move them to idle mode/CELL_PCH/URA_PCH states or not.
Due to above mentioned reasons, it is evident that the existing system lacks a method that is used by the UE to go to idle mode or CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state to receive secondary notification CBS messages when ETWS messages are received either in DCH or in FACH states of the UE.
The above information is presented as background information only to assist with an understanding of the present disclosure. No determination has been made, and no assertion is made, as to whether any of the above might be applicable as prior art with regard to the present disclosure.

Method of reception of secondary notification after ETWS message is received by user equipment in connected mode


A dispensing capsule including a cap body having an outer race, an ingredient storage chamber, an upper sealing member, and a lower sealing member; a hollow plunger slidingly disposed within the chamber; an actuating cover disposed at a top portion of the cap body including a flexible actuator and an internal punch. The internal punch is disposed on an underside of the flexible actuator. The flexible actuator is configured to deform downward causing the internal punch to puncture the upper sealing member and engage the hollow plunger, causing a distal end of the hollow plunger to puncture the lower sealing member, therefore dispensing an ingredient stored in the ingredient storage chamber.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates generally to dispenser capsules for various ingredients and more particularly to a chambered dispensing capsule having a flexible button blast and a drinking channel for use on a variety of containers and in conjunction with a variety of ingredients.
2. Description of Related Art
Most if not all liquids, creams, gels and even certain powders and other substances are formulated and created for the longest shelf life and not necessarily for optimal performance and/or usefulness. There are many ingredients and/or combinations of ingredients that have reduced shelf life due to requiring combinations of liquid substances. In most all cases when any ingredients are exposed to one another, including air, deterioration begins and the clock on the limited shelf life starts. Also in most products in any category, "Shelf Life" is the key factor with respect expiration dates based on the product and category.
Several attempts have been made to design capsules and containers to improve the shelf life of compositions such as gels, liquids, powders and the like; however, the majority of the available devices rely on a plurality of interconnected parts which are not cost effective to manufacture and assemble. The present invention is designed to be inexpensive to mass produce, fill and seal to be able to deliver an affordable dispensing capsule in virtually any application and category. This invention can be made from a one piece mold or more pieces depending on the desired application with features and benefits for keeping ingredients separate and fresh until time of use. This invention allows formulas and new products in any categories to be invented and made for desired end effects and not for what has to be done do to normal packaging and manufacturing and eliminating many unhealthy ingredients that are currently and normally used to produce most products. The present invention, therefore, is useful for packaging ingredients such as enzymes, calcium and magnesium with bio flavinoids vitamin C, probiotics creatine and many more. Moreover, the present invention is particularly useful because it includes a drinking channel which allows the user to access the contents of a mixture without needing to remove the dispensing capsule. This provides a substantial improvement over the prior art with respect to shelf life and overall versatility.
It is, therefore, to the effective resolution of the aforementioned problems and shortcomings of the prior art that the present invention is directed. However, in view of the container and dispensing capsules and related devices in existence at the time of the present invention, it was not obvious to those persons of ordinary skill in the pertinent art as to how the identified needs could be fulfilled in an advantageous manner.

Dispensing capsule with button blast and drinking feature