Systems and methods for combining operational data transmission (statistics about device health, connected device information, and the like) and keep alive packets (ping type packets which expect a reply back within predetermined amount of time to indicate network connections can pass traffic bi-directionally) are described. Embodiments provide an onboard aircraft communication equipment, in which the onboard aircraft communication equipment is deployed on an operational aircraft and transmits keep-alive packets to a ground network. Embodiments generate operational data from the aircraft, construct a bi-directional keep-alive packet with keep-alive data for transmission between the onboard aircraft communication equipment and the ground network, combine the operational data with the bi-directional keep-alive packet into a combined keep-alive request transmission, and transmit the combined keep-alive request transmission from the onboard aircraft communication equipment to the ground network.

Keep-alive messages or packets are typically "ping" type packets where one end transmits the message and expects a reply back within a predetermined length of time, which confirms the network can pass traffic bi-directionally. See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,304,546 to Natarajan and U.S. Pat. No. 8,326,985 to Luna et al.
Sending operational data and keep-alive messages requires multiple streams/sessions; i.e., separate streams/sessions for operational data and for the keep-alive messages. In normal terrestrial networks, there is plenty of bandwidth, so having multiple streams/sessions is not a problem. In air-ground networks, however, bandwidth is substantially more limited and having multiple streams/sessions can be a problem
The prior art is generally focused on the use of proxy keep-alives, for transparently monitoring network links, or keep-alives as a specific protocol (i.e., IPSEC, NAT), and generally requires the use of proxies or handle a specific protocol. That is, the keep-alive messages are specific to a protocol or implementation of a protocol, and used for the single purpose only
In low bandwidth situations, an ideal solution is to repurpose the keep-alive messages to serve multiple purposes.

System and method providing improved, dual-purpose keep-alive packets with operational data


A fluid end assembly for a high pressure pump receives a fluid from a fluid supply manifold and supplies the fluid to an outlet manifold. The assembly includes a housing with a removable suction module. The housing has a plunger bore to receive a reciprocating plunger, a suction passage intersects said plunger bore, and a discharge passage intersects both said plunger bore and said suction passage. The removable suction module has an inlet passage.

Oil, natural gas, and other hydrocarbons are obtained by drilling wells into the earth and forcing them to the surface for collection. It is often difficult to produce hydrocarbons in an economic manner from low permeability reservoir rocks. Production rates are often boosted by resorting to hydraulic fracturing, a technique that increases rock permeability by opening channels through which hydrocarbons can flow to recovery wells. During hydraulic fracturing, a fluid is pumped into the earth under high pressure where it enters a reservoir rock and cracks or fractures it. Proppants are carried in a suspension by the pumped fluid into the fractures. When the pressure is released, the fractures partially close on the proppants, leaving channels for oil and gas to flow. Specialized pumps are used to develop the pressures necessary to complete a hydraulic fracturing procedure or "frac job."
Specialized pumps are also used in other drilling pump applications. For instance, during drilling of the well hole into the earth, specialized pumps are used to flush out the hole. Flush out is important to remove debris, such as rock chips ground out by the drill bit during drilling.
These specialized pumps are usually provided with fluid ends having reciprocating plungers or pistons that place fluids under pressure and valves that control fluid flow to and from the plungers. The body of a fluid end can be a metal forging of steel, having a "Y-type" configuration.
Y-type fluid ends have been developed in an effort to reduce the number of failures of fluid ends. It is known, Y-type fluid ends reduce concentrated stresses in the body of a fluid end by increasing the angles at which bores within the body intersect one-another above 90 degrees to about 120 degrees. A typical Y-type fluid end is disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2004/0234404, now abandoned, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Y-type fluid ends require periodic replacement due to the loads placed on the portions of the end such as the suction deck. The valves also have to be frequently replaced.

Y-type fluid end with replaceable suction module


A bicycle seat post fixing structure includes a tubular attachment member and a tightening member. The tubular attachment member is configured to be fixed to the frame. The tubular attachment member includes a first threaded component and a first inner peripheral surface configured to receive the seat post. The tubular tightening member includes a second threaded component that mates with the first threaded component and a second inner peripheral surface configured to receive the seat post. One of the first and second threaded components is a female threaded component and the other of the first and second threaded components is a male threaded component having at least one slit formed therein. At least one of the male and female threaded components has tapered threads such that rotation of the tightening member in a tightening direction squeezes the male threaded component to hold the seat post.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to a bicycle fixing structure. More specifically, the present invention relates to a bicycle seat post fixing structure configured to non-movably attach a bicycle seat post with a bicycle seat to a bicycle frame in a height-adjustable manner.
2. Background Information
Bicycling is becoming an increasingly more popular form of recreation as well as a means of transportation. Moreover, bicycling has also become a very popular competitive sport for both amateurs and professionals. Whether the bicycle is used for recreation, transportation or competition, the bicycle industry is constantly improving the various components of the bicycle. One particular component of bicycles, which has been extensively redesigned over the past years, is the bicycle seat post and the structure for attaching the seat post to the frame.
A bicycle seat or saddle is mounted at the top of a seat post. The seat post is typically height-adjustably fixed to a seat tube of the frame by means of a seat post fixing structure. With conventional seat post fixing structures, slits are provided in the lengthwise direction at the upper end of the seat tube of the frame. The seat tube can be constricted by tightening with a tightening bolt, which fixes the seat post at the desired height. More specifically, a U-shaped seat lug is installed at the upper end of the seat tube, and the tightening bolt is installed in the seat lug. A handle in the form of a bent bar is often pivotally provided to the tightening bolt, and this handle is used to turn the tightening bolt in the tightening direction, which tightens the seat tube via the seat lug and fixes the seat post (see, for example, Japanese Utility Model Publication H5-41994). Thus, providing a handle to the tightening bolt allows the saddle height to be adjusted relatively easily.
In view of the above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that there exists a need for an improved bicycle seat post fixing structure. This invention addresses this need in the art as well as other needs, which will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure.


A compression spring formed of an elastomer having a ratio of plastic strain to elastic strain that is greater than 1.5 to l and formed into a spherical body having cone frustums at each end to provide for a substantially constant spring rate over a major portion of its displacement. The spring is precompressed to overcome the compression set characteristics of the elastomer and to orient its molecular structure. The spring is particularly useful as a bumper spring for an automotive vehicle.

1. Field of Invention
This invention relates to elastomeric compression springs. The preferred embodiment of our invention is primarily directed to a compression spring for the bumper assembly of an automobile.
The automotive and insurance industries have long sought a bumper assembly that would absorb the energy of a collision at speeds of 5 miles an hour or less. The acceptability of these units is evaluated by two different criteria. The first is the "no visible damage" criteria. On belief, existing hydraulic bumper assemblies generally meet this criteria, i.e., they protect the vehicle from visible damage. The second is the "no dollar damage" criteria. On belief, the presently used hydraulic units cannot consistently meet the latter criteria. Either the bumper assembly itself or other parts of the automobile suffer functional damage from collisions at 5 mph. Moreover, such bumper assemblies are comprised of a plurality of parts that add undesirable weight, impose assembly costs, require separate, preload springs to minimize vibration, and do not provide a generally constant spring rate.
2. Related Art
Numerous efforts have been made to design a bumper spring for automobiles that would meet the industry goals and criteria. These efforts include U.S. Pat. No. 4,893,857 which issued to General Motors Corporation on an application of Bobinger, et. al. This device of General Motors includes a cylindrical tube containing a first energy absorbing medium, a preload unit comprised of a compression spring and disks and a telescoping piston tube that extends to the bumper. One energy absorbing medium described by General Motors is a thermoplastic material such as Hytrel.RTM., a copolymer elastomer manufactured by E.I. dupont de Nemoirs which has a very high compression set characteristic and which, in part, necessitates the preload assembly to insure that the bumper assembly returns to its original position after a collision.
Another prior effort to design a bumper spring is illustrated by U.S. Pat. No. 4,624,493 which issued to Chrysler Motors Corporation on an application of Hillebrand, et. al. Like the General Motors patent, the Chrysler patent also includes a plurality of parts, i.e., a load bearing tube member with an abutment, a reaction coil spring for preload and an energy absorbing capsule containing the Hytrel.RTM. copolymer elastomer of E. I. dupont de Nemoirs.
Additional prior art related to the present invention is U.S. Pat. No. 4,566,678 which issued to Miner Enterprises, Inc. on an application of David G. Anderson. This patent focuses on the thermoplastic Hytrel.RTM.. It explains a method of producing a hollow spring of Hytrel.RTM. and of eliminating the compression set problems of this thermoplastic. While this patent effectively overcomes the compression set characteristics of Hytrel.RTM. and provides a very effective spring for absorbing substantial energy in rail car applications, modifications are required to apply this concept to the automotive industry in order to meet the "no visible damage" and "no dollar damage" tests. A basic modification is the provision of a different force travel curve. And this, in turn, necessitates design modifications and enhancements that go beyond the teachings of this Anderson patent.

Compression spring with cone shaped frustums subject to compression set


A wavelength conversion device that includes a plurality of crystal layers adjacent to one another such that crystal-axis orientations thereof are alternately arranged, the plurality of crystal layers each including a first-thickness portion having a first thickness and a second-thickness portion having a second thickness smaller than the first thickness; and an adhesive layer in at least part of a gap between adjacent second-thickness portions of the plurality of crystal layers and with which the plurality of crystal layers are bonded to one another.

In fields of manufacturing or inspection of semiconductor devices, laser processing, 3D printers, and medical methods such as LASIK, lasers such as ArF excimer lasers and KrF excimer lasers are employed as light sources emitting vacuum ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 200 nm or shorter. Despite their high output, excimer lasers, which are gas lasers, exhibit low energy-conversion efficiency and require a complicated process of gas exchange. Moreover, since excimer lasers are used with toxic corrosive gas, safety needs to be ensured, which increases the maintenance cost. In addition, size reduction is difficult. Accordingly, there has been a demand for solid-state lasers, which do not require the use of gas, and are capable of generating laser light at a short wavelength corresponding to light generated by excimer lasers.
In response to such a demand, there is a proposal in which light at a long wavelength is generated by a solid-state laser and is converted into light at a short wavelength by a wavelength conversion device. In the wavelength conversion device, heat and stress are periodically applied to a crystal to artificially form a twinned structure in the crystal, whereby a polarization-inverted structure is obtained (see Patent Document 1, for example). Crystal is thermally and chemically stable, has a high damage threshold, and is transparent not only to light at a long wavelength but also to ultraviolet light, which has a short wavelength. Therefore, a wavelength conversion device made of crystal exhibits excellent optical characteristics with high durability and low transmission loss.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-279612

Wavelength conversion device and method of manufacturing wavelength conversion device


The present invention relates to compositions comprising water-soluble alkoxylated polyalkyleneimines with a low melting point. More specifically, the present invention relates to compositions comprising water-soluble alkoxylated polyalkyleneimines having an inner polyethylene oxide block comprising 5 to 18 polyethylene oxide units, a middle polyalkylene oxide block comprising 1 to 5 polyalkylene oxide units and an outer polyethylene oxide block comprising 2 to 14 polyethylene oxide units.

Alkoxylated polyalkyleneimines are known. For example, polyalkyleneimines having a backbone molecular weight of from 600 to 25000 g/mol are known, wherein the polyamine backbone is first modified by 1 to 10 propyleneoxy units, butyleneoxy units and mixtures thereof, followed by ethyleneoxy units such that the total degree of alkyleneoxylation does not exceed 50 units.
Amphiphilic water-soluble alkoxylated polyalkyleneimines are known, wherein the polyamine backbone is first modified by an inner polyalkylene oxide block of propylene oxide, butylene oxide and/or isobutylene oxide, a second middle polyethylene oxide block and an outer polypropylene oxide block.
Amphiphilic water-soluble alkoxylated polyalkyleneimines having an inner polyethylene oxide block comprising 20 to 50 polyethylene oxide units and an outer polypropylene oxide block comprising 10 to 50 polypropylene oxide units are also known.
Polyethyleneimines which have initially been ethoxylated and then propoxylated are known as breakers for crude oil emulsions.
Ethoxylated and/or propoxylated polyalkyleneamine polymers, which have an average ethoxylation/propoxylation of from 0.5 to 10 per nitrogen, that boost soil dispersing performance are known.
Cleaning compositions comprising alkoxylated polyalkylenimines are also known. The alkoxylated polyalkylenimines help to provide cleaning benefits, such as soil anti-redeposition benefits.
When the polyamine backbones of ethoxylated polyalkylenimines are modified with polyethylene oxide units, particularly when the polyamine backbones are modified with a total of fourteen or more polyethylene oxide units per nitrogen atom, the polyalkylenimines are typically solid at room temperature and, thus, generally require melting or incorporation into aqueous solution before further processing. Ethoxylated polyalkyleneimines that are liquid at room temperature would therefore be easier to process and handle.
There is a need, therefore, to provide ethoxylated polyalkylenimines that are liquid at or below room temperature, e.g., at or below 25° C., and cleaning compositions containing the same.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Compositions comprising alkoxylated polyalkyleneimines having low melting points


A method including placing first and second measurement devices proximate first and second aircraft doors, respectively, and determining a first position of the second measurement device relative to a second position of the first measurement device. The method includes placing first and second pluralities of reflective devices inside the aircraft proximate the first and second doors, respectively. The method includes measuring first and second distances from the first and second measurement devices to the first and second pluralities of reflective devices, respectively, and measuring second distances from the second measurement device to the second plurality of reflective devices. Based on a determined position of the second measurement device and further based on the first distances and second distances, third distances are determined between each of the first and second pluralities of reflective devices. The third distances provide a measurement baseline for points on a fuselage and wings.

1. Field
The present disclosure relates generally to measurement systems used in manufacturing aircraft and, in particular, to achieving more accurate alignment of aircraft surfaces, proof of aircraft shape, and improved symmetry of left and right wings.
2. Background
Manufacturers of aircraft and other complex products may desire accurate measurements of their finished products. Stable, repeatable, and easily accessed measurement target points on finished aircraft may be difficult to find. Two or more aircraft of the same model and with identical specifications may not be identical in all dimensions when manufacturing is complete. For example, attaching engines and wings to a fuselage potentially changes the shape and size of the fuselage. Shape, size, and wing positioning may also be affected by fuel level at a given time. If the wings are not precisely positioned on the fuselage, the tips of the wings may not be as aligned with each other as desired.
Previously, alignment point drawings have been traditionally relied upon. Special riveted fasteners, occasionally referred to as "golden rivets", provided nominal x, y, and z values for measurements, and these nominal location points were relied upon by refurbishment and ground personnel to work, rework, or replace certain parts of the aircraft.
Previously, gyroscopes or predictive shim processes have been used to measure relationships among parts of an aircraft. Many measurements included only surface to surface contact parts. Many points of measurement and calibration may be covered and thus are no longer accessible once an aircraft enters service. Therefore, it would be desirable to have methods and devices for aircraft metrology that take into account at least some of the issues discussed above, as well as other possible issues.

Aircraft enhanced reference system and method


A method for performing an in-vivo calibration of a blood pressure sensor that is associated with an in-vivo balloon system. The method involves monitoring a patient's blood pressure by observing the system gas pressure while at the same time monitoring the patient's blood pressure through the sensor. The blood pressure measurements obtained by monitoring the system gas pressure are used as reference, or “true,” blood pressure measurements, and an “offset” is determined between the reference blood pressure measurements and the blood pressure measurements obtained through the sensor. The offset can be stored in a memory, which may also store sensor sensitivity data. The offset and/or sensitivity data may be used to adjust future measurements obtained from the sensor, thereby generating calibrated sensor measurements.

In the practice of medicine there are many instances in which accurate measurement of patient blood pressure is required. In some instances, it is necessary to obtain accurate blood pressure measurements from particular locations within a patient's body, or "in-vivo." Among those instances in which it is necessary to obtain accurate in-vivo blood pressure measurements are procedures involving the use of an in-vivo balloon or in-vivo balloon-like construct. (In the interest of brevity the term "balloon" will be used throughout this description to denote both balloons and balloon-like constructs.)

Calibration of in vivo blood pressure sensors


An annular ductile iron flange of nominal size has a non-threaded inner longitudinal surface defining an inner diameter that exceeds the outer diameter of a corresponding length of hubless ductile iron pipe of nominal thickness. The flange also has a basal surface with both a plurality of evenly spaced bolt holes and an annular counterbore adjacent to the inner longitudinal surface. The counterbore has a longitudinal depth slightly larger than the nominal thickness and a radial depth slightly larger than twice the nominal thickness. The flange is coupled to, and configured to rotate longitudinally around, the length of pipe. The bell end of the pipe is machined to an annular stub configured to recess into the counterbore. A threaded annular ductile-iron flange may be screwed onto the spigot end of the pipe.

A flange may be a cast iron (gray iron or ductile iron) plate of nominal size, generally annular in shape, designed to connect lengths of centrifugally cast gray-iron or ductile-iron pipe of corresponding nominal size. A flange of a given nominal size (generally expressed in inches for North American flanges and pipes) may also have a nominal outer diameter. A length of cast iron pipe of a given nominal size may have a nominal outer diameter, a minimum nominal thickness depending on its rated water pressure, and a nominal allowance for casting tolerance. A flange may be incorporated into a length of cast iron pipe. The flange may also be a separate annular plate coupled to a length of pipe via threading. Taper pipe threads on the internal surface of the flange correspond to threads on the external surface of the pipe. Two lengths of pipe may be connected by bolting or screwing the corresponding flanges to each other, face to face, through a plurality of bolt holes evenly distributed in a concentric circle around the perimeter of the flange. The exact size and number of bolt holes will depend on the nominal size of the flange. A gasket positioned between the two flanges, also annular in shape and fashioned from rubber or a like material, may seal the connection.
"Corresponding pipe" and "corresponding flange" refer to the fact that ductile iron flanges of nominal size are standardized to fit ductile iron pipe of the same nominal size. For example, ANSI/AWWA C115/A21.15-11, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, provides that North American ductile iron pipe of 8-inch nominal size may correspond to a standard flange of 8-inch nominal size having an outer diameter of 13.5 inches and eight evenly spaced circular bolt holes of ⅞-inch diameter.
On a large scale construction project, which may involve multiple flanged connections as pipes are run into buildings, through walls, etc., "two-holing" is standard practice to ensure that any two flanges or flanged pipe spools of a given nominal size are property aligned. A flange is properly two-holed when a horizontal centerline connecting the top two bolt holes lies perpendicular to the vertical centerline of the pipe. Section 4.4.4 of ANSI/AWWA C115/A21.15-11 provides that misalignment of corresponding bolt holes of the two flanges should not exceed 0.12 inch measured from like points on bolt holes. Similarly, flange faces should be perpendicular to the pipe centerline and parallel, such that face-to-face dimensions at opposite points on the outer diameter of the flanges do not differ by more than 0.06 inch. When flanges are properly aligned, any connecting valves, hydrants, fittings, etc. should fit uniformly.
Problems arise when flanges and pipe spools are improperly two-holed or misaligned, which may happen for a variety of reasons including but not limited to misaligned plant walls, improperly poured concrete floors, inaccurate equipment specifications, or simple human error. In response to an improperly aligned flange, a builder may tear down and rebuild a wall, pull up and re-pour a floor, or order a new pipe spool piece. Any of these courses of action may lead to delayed completion, increased expenses, or both. Where an improperly two-holed flange may be only slightly misaligned with its companion flange, however, the builder may force a connection of the two flanges, bolting them together at an improper angle. A forced connection may appear to resolve the problem of two misaligned flanges but only conceals and complicates the problem, leading to increased potential for leaking (and further flange alignment issues) at multiple pipe joints. Leaks may only be discovered long after the building has been completed and the builders have left. Equipment suppliers, rather than pipefitters, may be called to account for these leaks. While several solutions to the problem of improper two-holing have been developed, these solutions may present new challenges.

Face-to-face positive restrained rotating pipe flange


A x-y array of light emitting diodes has insert molded leadframes to minimize manufacturing costs during assembly.

Conventionally, tiled light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB). The PCB is often a multi-layer substrate with pins inserted. After bonding with gold or aluminum sire, the PCB is usually encapsulated with epoxy in a plastic housing. There are a large number of piece parts and sub-operations that contribute to the high cost of tiles through material and assembly costs.
Simplifying the number of piece parts and assembly processes needed to build a tiled LED frame would result in a high level of automation and mechanization. In addition, there would be a marked decrease in overall manufacturing costs.
In the present invention, a package for light-emitting diodes is made of injection molded material to minimize manufacturing costs during assembly. The package includes an M.times.N array of cavities, e.g. 4.times.4. Each cavity has an upper ring and a base. A first metal contact, e.g. anode, is attached to the upper ring. A second metal contact, e.g. cathode, is attached to the base. For each contact, leads extend beyond the housing. The first and second metal contacts are electrically isolated from each other. The metal contacts may be copper-based and coated with silver or palladium. A die, e.g. a light-emitting diode (LED), is electrically connected to the base. Wire bonds extend from the die to the first metal contact. Silicone fills the remaining cavity. Diffusant tape is used to seal the cavity.


In an approach to adaptive tape calibration criteria based on the number of dead tracks, the number of rewrite occurrences for each dead track on a tape drive is determined. Responsive to detecting that a head is in a dead track state, the number of dead tracks is stored on the tape drive. A calibration threshold is determined, where the calibration threshold includes the number of dead track rewrites and the calibration reference value for a specific tape drive type. Responsive to the number of rewrite occurrences exceeding the calibration threshold while writing a data set, a calibration of the tape drive.

The present invention relates generally to the field of tape-based data storage, and more particularly to adaptive tape calibration criteria based on the number of dead tracks.
Magnetic tape data storage is a system for storing digital information on magnetic tape using digital recording. Today, most magnetic tape is packaged in cartridges and cassettes. Since much of the data recorded today does not need to be accessed immediately, magnetic tape is a preferable solution for long-term data storage. Although the technology may seem outdated, it has advanced tremendously since its introduction. The first commercial digital-tape storage system stored roughly a megabyte of data on one reel of tape, but modern cartridges hold 15 terabytes or more, and the capacity is constantly increasing.
The reason magnetic tape drives are still in use today, especially as an offline data backup is because of long archival stability and very favorable unit costs. Although data stored on tape cannot be accessed as quickly as data stored on hard drives, the storage is more energy efficient and reliable. Magnetic tape storage is also more cost effective, typically as little as one-sixth the cost to store the same amount of data on a disk. And while the rate for increasing capacity for disc drives is decreasing, the capacity for storage on magnetic tape still increases approximately 33 percent each year.
On a tape drive, a channel is the process of converting a digital signal into an analog signal and outputting the analog signal from the data track to a tape or reading the analog signal from the tape and converting it into a digital signal. Depending on the state of each head element, the channel determines the optimum values of various parameters based on the amount of current flowing through the head in order to optimize the signal input and output. The values are stored in the tape drive vital product data (VPD), which is the non-volatile memory of the tape drive, for each head. When reading or writing data to or from tape, the values saved in the VPD are set in the registers of the components that control the channel.
These channel parameters are adjusted at the time of initial configuration immediately after shipment of the tape drive, or when it is necessary to reconfigure the values due to deterioration of the head or the state of the tape media. This adjustment is called calibration. Calibration is a procedure to adjust the channel settings of each track. When performing calibration, various parameters are optimized by moving to an area on the tape media where user data is not written and repeatedly writing and reading data until the optimal values are determined. For example, during calibration data is written to the tape while changing the voltage/amplitude level of each track, then the signal to noise ratio is measured as the data is read back. Calibration then selects the channel parameters from the best result of each track independently. This calibration process takes time, which reduces the transfer rate of the tape drive since new data cannot be written while the calibration is being performed.
An increasing number of users are concerned about the decrease in transfer rate due to calibration. These users want a tape drive that does not perform calibration when it is unnecessary. One such case where calibration is unnecessary is when calibration is attempting to reduce rewrites which are actually caused by dead tracks, since calibration cannot fix a dead track. The problem addressed by the present invention is to avoid calibration of the tape drive, which reduces tape throughput, when the rewrites are caused by dead tracks.

Adaptive tape calibration criteria by number of dead tracks

International Business Machines Corporation


An electronic apparatus with a rotatable hanger fixed on a rack, which has a first fixed portion. The electronic apparatus includes a housing and a rotatable element. In this case, the housing has a first pivoted portion. The rotatable element has a second pivoted portion and a second fixed portion. The second pivoted portion is pivoted with the first pivoted portion. When the rotatable element rotates to a first position, the second fixed portion contacts with the first fixed portion.

1. Field of Invention
The invention relates to an electronic apparatus and, in particular, to an electronic apparatus with a rotatable hanger fixed on a rack.
2. Related Art
With the rapid changes in the business environment, the information market has undergone many innovative changes. The most obvious trend is that the IT operational environment is going to be extremely simplified for the convenience of the enterprises to get a hold of their information within the shortest possible time and with the greatest amount of efficiency.
In particular, the servers or exchangers used in the enterprises usually have the most powerful functions and are often very expensive. To extend their lifetimes, to avoid poor heat dissipation, and for the convenience of the user, the servers or exchangers are mostly installed on a rack. The stack arrangement can further save a lot of space and energy for the enterprises.
As shown in FIG. 1, a conventional server 10 is fixed on a rack 20. The rack 20 mainly contains four vertical legs 21 and several positioning holes 22. As shown in the drawing, the server 10 has a housing 11, a plurality of fixed plates 12, a plurality of first screws 13, and a plurality of second screws 14. The housing 11 has a plurality of first through holes 15. The fixed plates 12 are formed with corresponding second through holes 16. The first screws 13 go through the second through holes 16 and the first through holes 15 for fixing the fixed plates 12 on the housing 11. The second screws 14 go through the third through holes 17 on the fixed plates 12 for fixing the fixed plates 12 onto the positioning holes 22 on the rack 20.
However, a lot of screws are used in the above-mentioned server for fixing the server on the rack. And according to this reason, the method of manufacturing the above-mentioned server spends more time for assembly and it also reduces the productivity and increases the production costs. In this case, the screws and the fixed plates 12 are bought along with the purchase of the server 10. Since they are small, they are easily lost, which may result in difficulties in assembly.
It is therefore an important subjective of the invention to provide an electronic apparatus with a rotatable hanger that reduces the use of screws and thus makes assembly much easier.

Electronic apparatus with a rotatable hanger for fixing


There is provided a source device, which is adapted to communicate with a sink device through an HDMI cable. The sink device comprises an internal circuit, handshaking circuitry adapted to verify if the sink device is able to supply a current on a line of the HDMI cable, an internal power supply intended for powering the line and a switching circuit able to uncouple the internal power supply from the line and able to couple the internal circuit to the line. There is also provided a sink device, which is adapted to communicate with a source device through an HDMI cable. The sink device comprises a power supply, hand-shaking circuitry able to indicate that the sink device is able to supply a current on a line of said HDMI cable, and a circuit able to couple the power supply to the line.

The HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) standard defines a physical (cable) and logical (signaling and control protocol) interface for the transfer of high definition video and audio data between a device holding the data and a device for presenting the associated information contained in the data.
The device holding the data, or source device, may be a video or audio record/playback device. The device for presenting the associated information may be a displaying device, such as a television, or an audio amplification and speaker system, and is known as a sink device.
Typical data transfer rates are such that significant power is required by the source device in order to drive the data lines in the cable and power the circuits processing the stored data in order to transmit it down the cable.
The source device may also be portable equipment and as such will be battery-powered. The power needed for processing the data and that needed to drive the cable are such that many portable devices will only be able to function for a short time before requiring re-charging. This would mean, for example, that the user would have to be content with only watching short films or accept to plug in the charging equipment for the portable device.
Thus there is a need for improving the autonomy of battery powered source devices whilst they are transferring data over an HDMI interface.


The invention relates to a method for producing a structured coating on a substrate, wherein the method comprises the following steps: providing a substrate having a surface to be coated and producing a structured coating on the surface of the substrate to be coated by depositing at least one evaporation coating material, namely aluminium oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, or titanium dioxide, on the surface of the substrate to be coated by means of thermal evaporation of the at least one evaporation coating material and using additive structuring. The invention further relates to a coated substrate and a semi-finished product having a coated substrate.

A method for producing a structured coating on a substrate surface which is to be coated is described in document DE 102 22 609 B4. The known process relates to a lift-off method in which a first layer with negative structuring is applied to the substrate surface to be coated. A second layer is then deposited on said surface, so that the first layer with the sections of the second layer located on it can finally be at least partially removed. The structured coating is produced with the known method by depositing the second layer, which comprises an evaporation glass material, by means of evaporation.
In addition to the known lift-off process, mask structuring can be used to produce a structured coating on a substrate, the structured coating being produced using one or more shadow masks. The shadow mask enables areas of the substrate to be kept free of the material being deposited.
The two aforementioned methods of forming a structured coating on a substrate are special characteristics of so-called additive structuring.

Method for producing a structured coating on a substrate, coated substrate, and semi-finished product having a coated substrate


A plasma display panel (PDP) including a protective layer and a material for preparing the protective layer that can be easily fabricated and has little defects, includes a magnesium oxide (MgO) powder including a cathode rays emission spectrum having a first emission peak in a wavelength in the range of 300 to 450 nm, a second emission peak in a wavelength in the range of 650 to 750 nm, and an intensity ratio between 1:0.15 and 0.40 as an intensity ratio of the second emission peak with respect to the first emission peak.

1. Field of the Invention
An aspect of the present invention relates to a plasma display panel (PDP) that has high efficiency discharge characteristics and that can be easily fabricated, and more particularly, to a material for preparing a protective layer of a PDP and a PDP including the protective layer.
2. Description of the Related Art
A conventional plasma display panel (PDP) protective layer may be formed in double layers by coating a magnesium oxide powder prepared using a vapor phase method on a magnesium oxide poly-crystal thin film. At this time, the magnesium oxide powder can be prepared by heating magnesium in a chamber, injecting an atmosphere gas such as oxygen (O2), hydrogen (H2), argon (Ar), etc. into the chamber and then oxidizing the atmosphere gas. However, the magnesium oxide powder prepared using the above vapor phase method has many defects.
Since magnesium needs to be vaporized in order to prepare the magnesium oxide powder by using the above vapor phase method, the preparation time increases and the preparation conditions are complicated, thereby increasing the preparation costs.

Material for preparing protective layer and plasma display panel comprising the protective layer


Some embodiments include a support movable with at least four degrees of freedom, a therapeutic radiation source coupled to the support, a plurality of radiation sources disposed in a fixed relationship to each other, the plurality of radiation sources movable in the fixed relationship with at least four degrees of freedom, a detector to acquire a projection image based on radiation emitted from one of the plurality of radiation sources, and a processor to perform digital tomosynthesis on the projection image acquired by the detector and a plurality of other projection images to generate a cross-sectional image representing a plane viewed from a perspective of the therapeutic radiation source.

1. Field
The embodiments described below relate generally to systems for delivering radiation treatment. More specifically, some embodiments are directed to treatment verification systems used in conjunction with such delivery.
2. Description
Conventional radiotherapy systems direct a beam of photon, proton, neutron, or other radiation toward a target volume of a patient. The radiation destroys cells within the target volume by causing ionizations within the cells or other radiation-induced cell damage.
Isocentric radiotherapy is typically delivered by a therapeutic radiation source integrated into a rotatable gantry. The gantry rotates around a horizontal axis such that a radiation beam emitted from the therapeutic radiation source passes through a same volume of space (i.e., an isocenter) at each angle of rotation. A target volume of a patient is therefore positioned at the isocenter prior to emission of the beam and rotation of the gantry. Due to physical constraints, isocentric treatment is particularly suited to target volumes located above the chest region.
Multi-jointed robotic arms are typically used to deliver non-isocentric radiation treatment. Such arms include an integrated therapeutic radiation source and provide more flexible positioning with respect to a patient in order to deliver treatment radiation from any angle to a target volume located virtually anywhere within the patient. Non-isocentric radiation treatment may therefore irradiate the target volume from fewer external positions than those used during isocentric radiation treatment. Accordingly, non-isocentric treatment may be required in order to avoid irradiating sensitive healthy structures.
In both isocentric and non-isocentric treatment modes, the target volume and the radiation source must be registered to one another in three-dimensional space so as to ensure delivery of the radiation according to a treatment plan. Errors in radiation delivery can result in low irradiation of tumors and high irradiation of sensitive healthy tissue. Positioning accuracy may be particularly problematic in the case of non-isocentric treatment, since up to six degrees of freedom may be available. All six degrees of freedom may be necessary to irradiate a certain spatial position (x, y, z) within the target volume from an arbitrary direction orientation (yaw, pitch, roll).
The GammaKnife® radiosurgical system by Elekta employs Cobalt-60 radiation sources which are fixed in space. An anatomical target (e.g., a volume within a patient's head) is moved and registered to the focal point of radiation sources. This scenario requires the rigid fixation of the patient's skull within a pin based stereotactic frame, with substantial discomfort to the patient. By relocating the frame within the system, the patient's skull is repeatedly repositioned relative to the fixed radiation reference frame based on a pre-calculated radiation plan.
Some radiosurgery systems avoid such fixed-frame positioning by using external markers on the patient as well as markers internal the patient. Spatial correlation between the external markers and the internal markers is established by an X-ray image showing both sets of markers. Positions of the external markers are tracked during treatment and, based on the predetermined spatial correlation, corresponding positions of the internal markers are determined. The accuracy of the latter determination is limited due to the variability of the actual correlation between the external and internal markers.
What is needed is improved determination of a target position within a robotic stereotactic radiosurgery system.

Digital tomosynthesis in robotic stereotactic radiosurgery


Dynamic power driven clock tree synthesis is described. Some embodiments can select one or more cells from a cell library based on power ratios of cells in the cell library. The embodiments can then construct a clock tree based on the one or more cells.

1. Technical Field
This disclosure relates to clock tree synthesis (CTS). More specifically, this disclosure relates to dynamic power driven CTS.
2. Related Art
CTS refers to the process of creating a clock distribution network (or clock tree) for distributing a clock signal to a set of clock sinks (e.g., clock inputs of sequential circuit elements) in a circuit design. A clock sink can generally refer to any circuit element to which a clock signal is provided, and a sequential circuit element can generally refer to any circuit element that is timed using a clock signal. A "D flip-flop" is an example of a sequential circuit element. A circuit design may include multiple clock domains, and each clock domain can include multiple clock trees. Clock trees can consume a significant amount of dynamic power. Hence, what are needed are systems and techniques for CTS that create clock trees that consume less dynamic power.

Dynamic power driven clock tree synthesis (CTS)


A transmitter emits into an intended search space a radar wave having a predetermined frequency pulse-modulated by a trigger pulse of a predetermined width. A receiver receives a reflected wave of the radar wave and outputs a receive signal. A local pulse generator outputs a local pulse signal having the predetermined frequency pulse-modulated by the trigger pulse delayed by the delay unit. A correlation value detector detects a strength correlation value between the receive signal and the local pulse signal. A delay time changing unit changes the delay time sequentially within a range of a predetermined period representing a generation period of the trigger pulse. A correlation value storage unit stores the strength correlation value detected for each delay time changed. A frequency distribution generator generates a frequency distribution of a stored correlation value against the delay time. A search control unit executes an analyzation for the intended search space based on a generated frequency distribution.

In the prior art, a pulse radar device is used to search for the position (distance to and direction of the object), size and motion of an object existing around the user as a short-range radar device for on-vehicle application, blind persons and medical purposes.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the essential parts of a conventional pulse radar device 10.
Specifically, in the pulse radar device 10, a trigger pulse generator 11 generates a trigger pulse Pt of a predetermined width periodically and outputs it to a transmitter 12.
The transmitter 12 emits a radar wave P pulse-modulated by the trigger pulse Pt to an intended search space through a transmission antenna 12a.
A receiver 13 receives, through a receiving antenna 13a, the wave R reflected from an object 1 receiving the radar wave P. The receive signal Rr is detected by a detector 14 including a diode detection circuit and a detection signal D is output to a search control unit 15.
The search control unit 15, based on the detection signal D output from the detector 14 during a predetermined length of time from the timing of emission of the radar wave P, checks the presence or absence of an object in the intended search space and the distance thereof and outputs the result visually or aurally in a form that can be grasped by the observer.
In this case, though not shown, the gain of the receiver 13 is controlled by feeding back the detection signal D to the receiver 13.
The above-mentioned radar device for making the search with the trigger pulse Pt generated at predetermined time intervals T is disclosed in, for example, the non-patent document 1 described below.
Non-patent document 1: Merrill I. Skolnik "RADAR HANDBOOK" 2nd ed. 1990, pp. 1.2 to 1.6. Also, a short-range radar device for medical purposes is disclosed, for example, in the following non-patent document 2.
Non-patent document 2: http://www.hrvcongress.org/second/first/placed—3/Standerini_Art_Eng.pdf. The pulse radar device 10 described above and known for a long time includes a long-range radar device large in size and output which can search for a large object such as an airplane or a ship located at a remote place.
In recent years, however, a short-range radar device for personal use has been proposed to support the safe driving of automotive vehicles, protect visually-handicapped persons walking on the road or help monitor in-patients during the nighttime. As a frequency band dedicated to such a radar device, the assignment of a wide band (6 to 7 GHz) of 23 to 29 GHz called UWB (Ultra Wide Band) is being studied.
It is basically unavoidable that the personal short-range radar device interferes with other radar devices. The assignment of a wide band (6 to 7 GHz) as described above, however, can take advantage of the difference in transmission timing due to both the separation by frequency and a narrow pulse (1 nsec or less, for example), and thus can reduce the effect of interference to a level posing practically no problem.
The response rate of the diode detection circuit comprising the detector 14 described above, however, is at most about 100 nsec, and cannot correctly reflect the strength of the reflected wave R having a pulse as narrow as not more than 1 nsec as described above, thereby posing the problem that a high-resolution search with a radar wave having a narrow pulse width is impossible.
The strength of the reflected wave Rr which the radar device receives from the object 1 is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the distance to the object 1. In the case of a short-range radar device, therefore, a slight distance change-causes a sharp, large change of the input level of the reflected wave Rr. The conventional gain control method of the feedback type cannot follow this sharp change and may be unable to recognize the level of the reflected wave correctly.

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.