One or more fingerprints may be utilized in each class in order to allow for faster subtype checking. A subclass fingerprint may be utilized to track the superclasses of a class, and an interface fingerprint may be utilized to track the locally declared interfaces of the class and any interfaces which it inherits. This allows for subtype checking that is extremely fast and efficient by utilizing comparison and other logical operations during the checking.

A virtual machine is software that acts as an interface between compiler code and a hardware platform. Once a virtual machine has been provided for a platform, any compatible program can run on that platform without necessitating hardware-specific alterations. When running a virtual machine, one or more classes and interfaces may be loaded. A class is a template definition of the methods and variables in a particular kind of object. An interface is a reference type whose members are constants and abstract methods.
Some of the program commands in a virtual machine, also called bytecodes, need to check whether the class of a particular instance is a subclass of another class, or implements a particular interface. In the Java™ Virtual Machine created by Sun Microsystems, Inc. of Palo Alto, Calif., these bytecodes are aastore, checkcast, and instance of.
The hierarchy of classes in a virtual machine may be thought of as a tree structure. Therefore, one way to implement this checking is to begin at the node representing the class being checked, and walk up the hierarchy until the possible superclass or interface is found or the root of the class hierarchy is reached.
This approach, however, can be slow in many cases. There are presently two optimization techniques that may be used to speed up this approach, but as will be seen they each suffer their own drawbacks. The first technique, known as subtype caching, is to put the subclass into a cache for the superclass' subtype when a superclass of the subclass is found. While this speeds up the search when a matching superclass is found, caching does not occur when the subtype check fails. Additionally, when a class or interface is tested against more than two subclasses (the currently implemented cache size), the cache will constantly be trashed.
The second technique, known as subtype matrix generation, involves creating a matrix that stores information regarding the relationships between the classes. While this approach is fast, it requires n2 space for the matrix, where n is the number of classes in the system. This results in wasted memory space. Additionally, classes and interfaces need to know their index for the matrix lookup.
What is needed is a technique that allows for fast subtype checking in an efficient manner.


Methods and apparatus for creating a search framework that provides a semantic interface for searching transactional applications are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for enabling at least one transactional application to be searched includes creating a canonical object associated with the transactional application and indexing data associated with the transaction application. The method also includes creating an index store using information associated with the canonical object. The index store is associated with the indexed data. Finally, a semantic engine is interfaced with the index store.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates generally to allowing applications to be searched. More particularly, the present invention related to a framework which allows a user to search enterprise applications, and to perform actions using the results of a search.
2. Description of the Related Art
As the use of networks expands, the use of enterprise applications is becoming more prevalent. An enterprise application is generally a software application hosted on a server which has the capability of simultaneously providing services to a large number of users on a network. Often, an enterprise application is suitable for performing business-related functions. Business-related functions may include, but are not limited to, tracking customer information, accounting, and production scheduling.
Often, it is desirable to search for information such as information that may be stored in or otherwise associated with enterprise applications. By way of example, an enterprise application may contain within it information pertaining to the name of an account manager for a particular bank such as Bank XYZ in Australia. To answer a question or query such as "Who is the account manager for Bank XYZ in Australia?," there are generally three ways in which answers may potentially be obtained. FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of queries that may be made for information associated with an enterprise application. When a client 118 or a requester desires an answer to a query regarding information 114 that may be included in an enterprise application 110, client 118 may formulate a natural language query 130. Natural language query 130 may be made to an entity 122 that potentially has access to information 114 such as a human being. Entity 122 may have access to information 114 within enterprise application 110, or entity 122 may have access to information 114 via other avenues. While natural language query 130 may be relatively easy to formulate, entity 122 may not necessarily have access to information 114. Hence, an answer to natural language query 130 may not necessarily be readily obtained from entity 122. Client 118 may need to query more than one entity before an answer is obtained. Therefore, querying via an entity 122 with access such as a human being is often inefficient and costly.
As enterprise application 110 stores data such as information 114, client 118 may formulate a SQL or form-based query 134 that accesses information 114 in enterprise application 110. In general, information 114 within enterprise application 110 may only be accessed if a developer of enterprise application 110 makes information 114 available to client 118 or other user. The formulation of SQL or form-based query 134 to access available information 114 is difficult, as information 114 may be stored at a low level within enterprise application 110. The internal structure of enterprise application 110 may be complicated and, often, proprietary. In many cases, client 118 may need to take training courses pertaining to enterprise application 110 before client 118 is able to successfully formulate SQL or form-based query 134. Formulating SQL or form-based query 134 may require significant development efforts. Hence, although information 114 is likely to be successfully obtained based on SQL or form-based query 134, the steps associated with creating SQL or form-based query 134 may be complicated and time-consuming.
A keyword based query 138 may be entered by client 118 into a search engine 126 to locate information 114. If information 114 is the name of an account manager for Bank XYZ in Australia, keyword based query 138 may include the words "account," "manager," "XYZ," and "Australia." The use of search engine 126 may be relatively fast and efficient if information 114 is accessible. However, if information 114 turns out not to be available to search engine 126, i.e., if information 114 is not included in a document, file, or application that is accessible to search engine 126, then client 118 will not get satisfactory results to keyword based query 138. Information 114 may also not be available if it is stored in tables that are transactional, i.e., that contain descriptive fields for viewing but are not indexed for searching. Search engine 126 is substantially only capable of presenting search results that may be read by client 118. In other words, when results to keyword based query 138 are presented to client 118, the results are presented such that client 118 may read the results but generally may not act upon the results without a significant developmental effort.
Though a natural language query 130 and a keyword based query 138 may be effective in enabling client 118 to obtain information 114, natural language query 130 may be inefficient, and natural language query 130 and keyword based query 138 may not always provide client 118 with information 114, e.g., when information 114 is unavailable to entity 122 and to search engine 126. Further, as information 114 may not be accurate, if it is not obtained substantially directly from enterprise application 110 which uses information 114. In general, client 118 may successfully gain access to information 114 which is accurate via enterprise application 110. Such information 114 is at least as accurate as enterprise application 110. However, as mentioned above, forming a SQL or form-based query 134 is typically complicated.
Therefore, what is needed is a method and an apparatus which enables information stored in enterprise application to be readily searched. That is, what is desired is a system which allows a user to search enterprise applications in a structured manner for accurate information.

Search based application development framework


A system and method are provided for operating a power generating asset. Accordingly, a controller detects a fault condition impacting the power generating asset. The controller then determines whether the fault condition is occurring in the power generating asset or is occurring in the power grid. When the fault condition is occurring in the power generating asset, a first response control scheme is implemented. However, when the fault condition is occurring in the power grid, a second response control scheme is implemented. The response control schemes include a first current threshold and a second current threshold respectively, with first current threshold being less than the second current threshold. Additionally, a control action is implemented in response to an approach of a current to the respective current threshold.

As disclosed herein, power generating assets may take a variety of forms and may include power generating assets which rely on renewable and/or nonrenewable sources of energy. Those power generating assets which rely on renewable sources of energy may generally be considered one of the cleanest, most environmentally friendly energy sources presently available. For example, wind turbines have gained increased attention in this regard. A modern wind turbine typically includes a tower, a generator, a gearbox, a nacelle, and one or more rotor blades. The nacelle includes a rotor assembly coupled to the gearbox and to the generator. The rotor assembly and the gearbox are mounted on a bedplate support frame located within the nacelle. The rotor blades capture kinetic energy of wind using known airfoil principles. The rotor blades transmit the kinetic energy in the form of rotational energy so as to turn a shaft coupling the rotor blades to a gearbox, or if a gearbox is not used, directly to the generator. The generator then converts the mechanical energy to electrical energy and the electrical energy may be transmitted to a converter and/or a transformer housed within the tower and subsequently deployed to a utility grid. Modern wind power generation systems typically take the form of a wind farm having multiple wind turbine generators that are operable to supply power to a transmission system providing power to a power grid.
In order to supply power to the power grid, the power generating assets generally need to conform to certain grid requirements. For example, power generating assets may be required to offer fault-ride through (e.g. low-voltage ride through) capability. This requirement may mandate that a wind turbine stay connected to the power grid during one or more transient grid events, such as a grid fault. As used herein, the term "grid fault" or similar is intended to cover an abrupt or unanticipated change in the magnitude of a grid voltage for a certain time duration. For example, when a grid fault occurs, the voltage of the system can decrease by a significant portion for a short duration (e.g., typically less than 500 milliseconds). Grid faults may occur for variety of reasons, including but not limited to a phase conductor being connected to a ground (i.e. a ground fault), short-circuiting between phase conductors, lightning and/or windstorms, and/or accidental transmission line grounding.
In order to provide the required fault-ride through capability, overcurrent protective features may be configured to require a significant amount of overcurrent for a long duration before tripping. This may permit the power generating asset to continue providing power to the power grid throughout the fault. However, such overcurrent/duration configurations may also permit an undesirable amount of current to flow from the power grid to the components of the power generating asset when the fault occurs in the power generating asset, rather than the power grid. For example, should a component of the electrical system of the power generating system be unintentionally grounded, a quantity of power may flow from the power grid and into the power generating asset without tripping the overcurrent protective features. Accordingly, the components of the electrical system of the power generating asset may be designed to handle higher fault currents for longer than would be typically desirable when for a fault located within the power generating asset. This, in turn, may increase the cost and/or result in an undesirable degradation of the components of the electrical system.
Thus, the art is continuously seeking new and improved systems and methods that address the aforementioned issues. As such, the present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for controlling a power generating asset in response to a fault condition.

System and method for operating a power generating asset


The present disclosure provides a device for separating biomolecules comprising a substrate having a planar surface, nanowires disposed on at least a portion of the planar surface, and a fluid chamber formed to include at least a portion of the nanowires.

This application is an application filed on the basis of Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-128714 filed on Jul. 6, 2018, Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-17630 filed on Feb. 4, 2019, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-049067 filed on Mar. 15, 2019, all of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
Numerous techniques are known for capturing, separating, collecting, extracting, and analyzing solutes from solutions, sometimes referred to simply as "separating" hereinafter.
Some techniques for separating specific solutes from solutions or other solutes are known. For example, a number of separation techniques are known for separating biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, cells, endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles, etc., from bodily fluids or solutions of biological origin.
However, these techniques are generally time-consuming and result in low yields.
As an example, several methods, such as ultracentrifugation and aggregation reagent methods, have been described for separating existing extracellular vesicles.
The ultracentrifugation method may be the most commonly used separation technique. However, a sample volume of several 10 mL and a separation time of 4 to 5 hours are required, and it is difficult to efficiently separate the extracellular vesicles with a collection rate of about 5 to 25%.
The agglutination reagent method is a simple method of dropping an agglutination reagent onto a target sample and allowing it to stand.
Separation, however, requires prolonged standing (0.5 hours to 1 night) and may involve the use of a centrifuge, which may also lead to changes in particle size, a decrease in the number of particles, and a decrease in the amount of marker protein.

Fluidic device and method for separating biomolecules


A charging device for a vehicle including an electric storage arrangement. The charging device is arranged to be mounted to a portion of the vehicle, the charging device including a movable contacting element for electric contact with a stationary contacting element for electric charging of the electric storage arrangement. The charging device further includes an actuator for moving the movable contacting element between a retracted position and a protruded position, the charging device being arranged so that, while the vehicle is in a charging position in relation to the stationary contacting element, the stationary contacting element can be reached by the charging device, while the movable contacting element is in the protruded position, for the electric contact between the movable contacting element and the stationary contacting element, wherein a protective element arranged to restrict access to the movable contacting element and the stationary contacting element when the movable contacting element and the stationary contacting element are in the electric contact with each other.

The invention relates to a charging device for a vehicle comprising an electric storage arrangement, the charging device being arranged to be mounted to a portion of the vehicle, the charging device comprising a movable contacting element for electric contact with a stationary contacting element for electric charging of the electric storage arrangement, the charging device further comprising an actuator for moving the movable contacting element between a retracted position and a protruded position, the charging device being arranged so that, while the vehicle is in a charging position in relation to the stationary contacting element, the stationary contacting element can be reached by the charging device, while the movable contacting element is in the Protruded position, for the electric contact between the movable contacting element and the stationary contacting element.
The invention also relates to a vehicle comprising a charging device, and a method for charging an electric storage arrangement of a vehicle.
The invention can be applied in heavy-duty vehicles, such as trucks, buses and construction equipment, e.g. working machines. The invention can also be applied to cars. Although the invention will be described with respect to a truck, the invention is not restricted to this particular vehicle type.
Various solutions for charging devices for vehicles, e.g. electric vehicles or electric hybrid vehicles, which automatically provide an electric connection once the vehicle is in a suitable position, have been suggested, e.g. as described in US2011256737A1. Such charging typically involves high currents, and it is desirable to reduce risks to persons or animals in the vicinity of the vehicle.
It is desirable to reduce risks to persons or animals in the vicinity of a vehicle with an electric storage arrangement being charged with a charging device comprising an actuator for moving a movable contacting element between a retracted position and a protruded position for electric contact between the movable contacting element and a stationary contacting element.
According to an aspect of the invention, a charging device for a vehicle comprising an electric storage arrangement is provided,
the charging device being arranged to be mounted to a portion of the vehicle, the charging device comprising a movable contacting element for electric contact with a stationary contacting element for electric charging of the electric storage arrangement,
the charging device further comprising an actuator for moving the movable contacting element between a retracted position and a protruded position, the charging device being arranged so that, while the vehicle is in a charging position in relation to the stationary contacting element, the stationary contacting element can be reached by the charging device, while the movable contacting element is in the protruded position, for the electric contact between the movable contacting element and the stationary contacting element,
wherein a protective element arranged to restrict access to the movable contacting element and the stationary contacting element when the movable contacting element and the stationary contacting element are in the electric contact with each other.
It is understood that the movable contacting element is arranged to be electrically connected to an electric conduit for an electric connection with the electric storage arrangement. It is also understood that the stationary contacting element may be part of a stationary charging station. It is further understood that the actuator is arranged to move, while the vehicle is in the charging position in relation to the stationary contacting element, the movable contacting element to the protruded position and into contact with the stationary contacting element.
The protective element restricting access to the movable contacting element and the stationary contacting element makes it possible to avoid persons or animals coming into contact with the contacting elements. The invention may also simplify and reduce the cost of vehicle charging systems, since it allows dispensing with technologies, e.g. involving sensors, to continuously monitor whether a person or animal, such as a child, a dog, or a cat, comes into a vicinity of the contacting elements to allow touching them.
Preferably, the protective element is arranged to extend in all horizontal directions outwardly from the movable contacting element, when the movable contacting element and the stationary contacting element are in the electric contact with each other. Thereby access to the contacting elements is reduced from any direction around the contacting elements. This further reduces risks to persons or animals in the vicinity of a vehicle with the charging device in operation.
Preferably, the protective element is arranged to extend at least 100 mm in all horizontal directions outwardly from the movable contacting element, when the movable contacting element and the stationary contacting element are in the electric contact with each other. Preferably, the protective element is arranged to be, when the movable contacting element and the stationary contacting element are in the electric contact with each other, at a distance of less than 50 mm from a stationary surrounding element, such as a vehicle supporting element. The stationary surrounding element may be for example a road, a street, a building floor, a loading area, a quayside, or a bridge, surrounding the stationary contacting element. Thus, a relatively large horizontal extension of the protective element beyond the contacting elements may be provided, and a relatively small vertical distance between the protective element and the vehicle supporting element may be provided. Thus further augments the safety function of the protective element, in that it may make it impossible for persons, e.g. children, or animals, e.g. pets, to reach the contacting elements.
Preferably, the protective element is fixed in relation to the movable contacting element. Thereby, the protective element may be positioned according to its function as the movable contacting element is moved into contact with the stationary contacting element.
Preferably, the protective element is made in a non-conductive material, or the protective element comprises a supporting portion and a cover, the cover being in a non-conductive material and arranged to cover the supporting portion. Thereby, protection is provided, e.g. to persons or animals, to electric current in the movable contacting element. The protective element, e.g. the cover of it where this is provided, may present a skirt arranged to surround the stationary contacting element when the movable contacting element is in contact with the stationary contact ng element. The skirt may be in an elastic material, so as to deform by contact with a stationary element surrounding the stationary contacting element, when the movable contacting element and the stationary contacting element are in contact with each other.
The charging device may comprise a charging arm arranged to be pivotally connected at one end to said portion of the vehicle, wherein the movable contacting element is mounted to the other end of the charging arm. Where the protective element is fixed in relation to the movable contacting element, this allows for an accurate positioning of the protective element according to its protective function. The charging arm may comprise a cover in a non-conductive material, providing protection, e.g. to persons or animals, to electric current in the charging arm.
The charging device may be arranged so as to provide the electric contact of the movable contacting element with the stationary contacting element where the stationary contacting element is located on or in a vehicle supporting element. The inventive provision of the protective element is particularly advantageous where the stationary contacting element is located on or in a vehicle supporting element, e.g. a road or a street, where it may be easily accessed by a person or an animal. The charging device may be arranged to be mounted on a downwards facing portion of the vehicle. The protective element will thereby provide protection where the charging elements are located under a parked vehicle, where animals, such as cats, and even children may tend to enter.
Preferably, the protective element is arranged so that when the movable contacting element is in the electric contact with the stationary contacting element, the protective element is in contact with a stationary surrounding element surrounding the stationary contacting element. Thereby, it is possible to eliminate the risk of a person or an animal coming into contact with the contacting elements.
Preferably, a region of contact between the protective element and the stationary surrounding element surrounds the movable contacting element. The stationary surrounding element may be higher, at level with, or lower than the stationary contacting element. The protective element may e.g. comprise a protective skirt arranged so that when the movable contacting element is in the electric contact with the stationary contacting element, the skirt surrounds the movable contacting element, and is in contact with the stationary surrounding element. Thereby, the risk of a person or an animal coming into contact with the contacting elements is eliminated, i.e., the contacting elements may be "touch-proof".
Preferably, the charging device is arranged so that while the movable contacting element is in the protruded position, the movable contacting element extends to a lower position than the protective element. This allows for using the charging device for charging the electric storage arrangement while the vehicle is stationary as well as when the vehicle is moving. This allows for a flexible charging process, involving either a stationary vehicle or a moving vehicle. The moving vehicle can be charged by an electrical road system, comprising an elongated stationary contacting element in the road.
Preferably, the charging device further comprises an aerodynamic device arranged to provide, while the vehicle moves along the elongated stationary contacting element, a downwards directed force to the contacting element of the charging device. The aerodynamic device will reduce, while charging when the vehicle is moving, by means of the downwards directed force, the risk of the movable contacting element losing the electric contact with the elongated stationary contacting element when the vehicle moves along the stationary contacting element.
Preferably the aerodynamic device is integrated with the protective element. Thereby, the combined protective element and aerodynamic device may provide the dual function or reducing access to the contacting element for charging while the vehicle is stationary, and reducing, while charging when the vehicle is moving, the risk of the movable contacting element losing the electric contact with the elongated stationary contacting element. Preferably, the combined protective element and aerodynamic device is relatively small to keep low weight and to manage vibrations during charging when the vehicle is moving.
According to an aspect of the invention, a combination is provided of a charging station and a charging device for a vehicle comprising an electric storage arrangement,
the charging station comprising a stationary contacting element which is provided in a stationary surrounding element comprising a vehicle supporting element,
the charging device being arranged to be mounted to a portion of the vehicle, the charging device comprising a movable contacting element for electric contact with a contacting surface of the stationary contacting element for electric charging of the electric storage arrangement,
characterized in that the charging device comprises a protective element arranged to restrict access to the movable contacting element and the stationary contacting element when the movable contacting element and the stationary contacting element are in the electric contact with each other, and
that the charging device is arranged so that the movable contacting element extends to a lower position than the protective element when the movable contacting element and the stationary contacting element are in the electric contact with each other, and
that the contacting surface of the stationary contacting element is lower than a surface of the stationary surrounding element in a vicinity of the stationary contacting element.
The charging device may comprise an actuator for moving the movable contacting element between a retracted position and a protruded position. This aspect of the invention provides for the protective element being arranged so that when the movable contacting element is in the electric contact with the stationary contacting element, the protective element is in contact with the stationary surrounding element. This substantially reduces the risk of persons, e.g. children, or animals, e.g. pets, reaching the contacting element. At the same time, the charging device may be arranged so that while the movable contacting element is in the protruded position, the movable contacting element extends to a lower position than the protective element. This allows for using the charging device for charging the electric storage arrangement while the vehicle is stationary, as well as when the vehicle is moving, e.g. with the aid of an elongated stationary contacting element. This allows for a flexible charging process, involving either safe charging of a stationary vehicle or charging a moving vehicle by use of the same charging device.
The contacting surface of the stationary contacting element being lower than the surface of the stationary surrounding element in a vicinity of the stationary contacting element, may mean that said contacting surface is lower than the surface of the stationary surrounding element in a an area covered by the protective element when the movable contacting element is in contact with the stationary contacting element. Thereby the protective element may be arranged so that when the movable contacting element is in the electric contact with the stationary contacting element, the protective element is in contact with the vehicle supporting element, or a stationary frame surrounding the stationary contacting element.
An aspect of the invention provides a charging station comprising a stationary contacting element for electric contact with a movable contacting element of a charging device of a vehicle for electric charging of an electric storage arrangement of the vehicle, the stationary contacting element being provided in a vehicle supporting element, the charging station further comprising an electric ground shield surrounding the movable contacting element. The electric ground shield may provide for avoiding leakage currents on the vehicle supporting element due to for example moist, water or salt. For example, if the vehicle supporting element is covered with water, the ground shield will reduce the risk of electric currents outside the ground shield.
A further aspect of the invention provides a charging device for a vehicle comprising an electric storage arrangement,
the charging device being arranged to be mounted to a portion of the vehicle, the charging device comprising a contacting element for electric contact with an elongated stationary contacting element for electric charging of the electric storage arrangement while the vehicle is moving along the stationary contacting element,
the charging device further comprising an aerodynamic device arranged to provide, while the vehicle moves along the stationary contacting element, a downwards directed force to the contacting element of the charging device.
Thereby, the aerodynamic device will reduce, by means of the downwards directed force, the risk of the contacting element of the charging device losing the electric contact with the stationary contacting element where the vehicle moves along the stationary contacting element.
Further advantages and advantageous features of the invention are disclosed in the following description and in the dependent claims.


There is disclosed a computer-implemented method and system for generating a set of training objects for training a machine learning algorithm (MLA) to determine query similarity based on textual content thereof, the MLA executable by the system. The method comprises retrieving, from a search log database of the system, a first query and other queries with associated search results. The method then comprises selecting a subset of query pairs such that: a query difference in queries in the pair is minimized and a results difference in respective search results is maximized.

Machine learning algorithms (MLAs) are used to address multiple needs in computer-implemented technologies. Typically, the MLAs are used for generating a prediction associated with a user interaction with a computer device. One example of an area where such prediction is required is user interaction with the content available on the Internet (as an example).
The volume of available information through various Internet resources has grown exponentially in the past couple of years. Several solutions have been developed in order to allow a typical user to find the information that the user is looking for. One example of such a solution is a search engine. Examples of the search engines include GOOGLE™ search engine, YANDEX™ search engine, YAHOO!™ search engine and the like. The user can access the search engine interface and submit a search query associated with the information that the user is desirous of locating on the Internet. In response to the search query, the search engine provides a ranked list of search results. The ranked list of search results is generated based on various ranking algorithms employed by the particular search engine that is being used by the user performing the search. The overall goal of such ranking algorithms is to present the most relevant search results at the top of the ranked list, while less relevant search results would be positioned on less prominent positions of the ranked list of search results (with the least relevant search results being located towards the bottom of the ranked list of search results).
The search engines typically provide a good search tool for a search query that the user knows apriori that she/he wants to search. In other words, if the user is interested in obtaining information about the most popular destinations in Italy (i.e. a known search topic), the user could submit a search query: "The most popular destinations in Italy?" The search engine will then present a ranked list of Internet resources that are potentially relevant to the search query. The user can then browse the ranked list of search results in order to obtain information she/he is interested in as it related to places to visit in Italy. If the user, for whatever reason, is not satisfied with the uncovered search results, the user can re-run the search, for example, with a more focused search query, such as "The most popular destinations in Italy in the summer?", "The most popular destinations in the South of Italy?", "The most popular destinations for a romantic getaway in Italy?".
In the search engine example, the MLA is used for generating the ranked search results. When the user submits a search query, the search engine generates a list of relevant web resources (based on an analysis of crawled web resources, an indication of which is stored in a crawler database in a form of posting lists or the like). The search engine then executes the MLA to rank the so-generated list of search results. The MLA ranks the list of search results based on their relevancy to the search query. Such the MLA is "trained" to predict relevancy of the given search result to the search query based on a plethora of "features" associated with the given search result, as well as indications of past users' interactions with search results when submitting similar search queries in the past.
In order to use the MLA to predict relevance of search results to a given user-submitted query, the MLA needs to be "trained". Depending on the implementation of the MLA, training can be implemented differently, such as supervised training, unsupervised training, etc. In a typical training approach, though, the MLA is presented with a number of training examples—labelled training sets that are used to "teach" the MLA to draw conclusions on the task at hand (such as predicting relevance of documents to the search query). Typically, the MLA is presented with "positive" examples (in this example, documents that are relevant) and "negative" examples (in this example, documents that are not relevant).
U.S. Pat. No. 8,655,868 issued to eBay Inc, on Feb. 18, 2014 discloses inferring relationships between queries. In an example, queries are related based on the identification of common terms between the queries. Another example is to relate queries based on the identification that the queries are associated with a single search session. Yet another example is to infer relationships based on the identification of relationships between item attributes retrieved from the submission of the queries.
U.S. Pat. No. 8,612,367 issued to Microsoft Corp on Dec. 17, 2013 discloses Techniques are described for determining queries that are similar to rare queries. An n-gram space is defined to represent queries and a similarity function is defined to measure the similarities between queries. The similarity function is learned by leveraging training data derived from user behavior data and formalized as an optimization problem using a metric learning approach. Furthermore, the similarity function can be defined in the n-gram space, which is equivalent to a cosine similarity in a transformed n-gram space. Locality sensitive hashing can be exploited for efficient retrieval of similar queries from a large query repository. This technique can be used to enhance the accuracy of query similarity calculation for rare queries, facilitate the retrieval of similar queries and significantly improve search relevance.
U.S. Pat. No. 9,720,904 issued to IBM Corp on Aug. 1, 2013 discloses a method for generating training data for disambiguation of an entity comprising a word or word string related to a topic to be analyzed includes acquiring sent messages by a user, each including at least one entity in a set of entities; organizing the messages and acquiring sets, each containing messages sent by each user; identifying a set of messages including different entities, greater than or equal to a first threshold value, and identifying a user corresponding to the identified set as a hot user; receiving an instruction indicating an object entity to be disambiguated; determining a likelihood of co-occurrence of each keyword and the object entity in sets of messages sent by hot users; and determining training data for the object entity on the basis of the likelihood of co-occurrence of each keyword and the object entity in the sets of messages sent by the hot users.

Method of and system for generating training set for machine learning algorithm (MLA)


The present disclosure relates to an antenna mounting device and a base station antenna system. The antenna mounting device includes a hinge device and an adjustment arm. The hinge device is configured to be mounted to a pole by a clamp and configured to pivotally connect a base station antenna arrangement. The adjustment arm is configured to be mounted to the pole by a clamp and configured to connect the base station antenna arrangement. The connection of the hinge device with the base station antenna arrangement is located in a middle region of a longitudinal extension of the base station antenna arrangement [having a longitudinal extension] of a maximum of ⅓ of the longitudinal extension of the base station antenna arrangement. A connection of the adjustment arm with the base station antenna arrangement is located in one of two end regions of the base station antenna arrangement. The adjustment arm has a plurality of connection positions for the corresponding clamp, which are configured to define a plurality of different mechanical tilt angles of the base station antenna arrangement about the hinge device. The antenna mounting device realizes easy adjustment of the mechanical tilt angle and good resistance against external disturbance loads.

In a wireless communication system, signal transmission and reception are realized by base station antennas. The position of the base station antenna is important for the wireless communication network, which will affect the coverage of the base station antenna. Therefore, in the process of installing and using the base station antenna, the position of the base station antenna may need to be adjusted accordingly, so that the coverage area of the base station antenna can meet the requirements. With the rapid development of wireless communication networks (such as 4G and 5G networks), in some cases, multiple base station antennas of the same or different types need to be mounted together to realize different functions. These multiple base station antennas of the same or different types may also need to work together, so in some cases it is desirable to be able to jointly adjust their positions during use, such as mechanical tilt angles.
Typically, the antenna mounting device may include an adjustment device mounted above and a hinge device mounted below. The base station antenna can pivot around the hinge device, and the adjustment device can limit the pivot angle or mechanical tilt angle of the base station antenna. In some known antenna mounting devices, the adjustment device is configured as a V-shaped structure having two arms hinged to each other. The opening angle of the V-shaped structure determines the mechanical tilt angle of the base station antenna. In particular, when the V-shaped structure is almost closed, its resistance to external disturbance loads such as strong wind is unfavorable. In addition, due to the force from the weight of the base station antenna, the adjustment of the mechanical tilt angle of the base station antenna is costly.

Antenna mounting device and base station antenna system


A telecommunications system comprises at least one user and provides a first entity for storing information defining a privacy profile for at least one user. A second entity is arranged to store an association between at least one user and the first entity and the system is such that in response to a request for information relating to the user, the association stored in the second entity is used to identify the first entity so that a check can be made with respect to the privacy profile as to whether or not the requested information, can be provided.

Communication systems providing mobility for the users thereof are known. A well known example of the mobile communication systems is the public land line mobile network (PLMN), a cellular communication network being an example of the PLMN. Another example is a mobile communication system that is based, at least partially, on use of communication satellites.
The mobile network apparatus and/or user equipment such as a mobile station can be employed for provision of information regarding the geographical location of the user equipment and thus the user thereof. A mobile user equipment and thus the user thereof can be positioned by various different techniques. For example, substantially accurate geographical location information that associates with a user equipment can be obtained based on the known satellite based GPS (Global Positioning System). More accurate location information can be obtained through a differential GPS.
Another possibility is to use a location service that associates with a cellular telecommunications system for the provision of the location information. In this approach the cells or similar geographically limited radio access entities and associated controllers of the communication system are utilised in production of at least a rough location information estimate concerning the current location of the mobile user equipment. To improve the accuracy of the location information the communication system may be provided with specific location measurement units that provide more accurate data concerning the location of a user equipment within the service area of the cellular system. It is also possible to determine geographical location when the mobile user equipment is located within the coverage area of a visited or "foreign" network. The visited network may be made capable of transmitting the location of the mobile user equipment back to the home network, e.g. to support services that are based on location information or for the purposes of routing and charging.
The location data may be processed in a specific location service entity that is implemented either within the cellular system or connected thereto. The location data may also be processed in the user equipment that is provided with appropriate processing capacity. The location service entity provided by the communication system may serve different clients via an appropriate interface.
The location information may be used for various purposes, such as for location of a mobile telephone that has made an emergency call, for locating vehicles or given mobile subscribers and so on. In general, a client such as user equipment or another entity wishing to receive location information regarding user equipment may send a request for such information to the location service provision entity. The location service provisioning entity will then process the request, obtain the required data and generate an appropriate response.
An example of the provision of location information by a PLMN is described in more detail in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) technical specifications, see e.g. 3GPP TS 23.271 version 4.2.0, titled "Functional stage 2 description of LCS", June 2001.
According to the 3GPP specification a location service (LCS) server entity referred to as a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) is provided for managing the location services. The GMLC is for gathering and storing various data that may be used in the provision of location information for location service clients (LCS clients). The LCS Client may make use of that location information for various services/applications. A possible application comprises a LCS client arranged to provide location information in response to a request for non-call related location information. Such a request for location information is referred to in the 3GPP specifications as a non-call related MT-LR (Mobile Terminated Location Request).
Use of a so called "Authorized UE List" has been proposed. This list contains Mobile Subscriber ISDN (MSISDN) (ISDN—Integrated Services Digital Network) numbers or groups of MSISDNs which are authorised to initiate a location information provision procedure. That is, MSISDNs or groups of MSISDN are listed for which the LCS Client may issue a non-call related MT-LR. Separate lists of MSISDNs may be associated with each distinct external or non-call related client identity. Location information may be provided by the LCS server to the LCS client in response to a request for location information from a user with a MSISDN number that appears in the list.
The LCS Client who is external to the PLMN system may only be enabled to validly issue location information requests for those MSISDNs which are found on the "Authorized UE List". That is, the LCS clients request may only be responded for subscribers who subscribe to the location services provided by the PLMN, as their MSISDNs would not otherwise appear on the list.
Requests from the LCS Client are authenticated based on a combination of a Client ID and password stored in a LCS Client profile at the LSC server (e.g. the GMLC) and authorized based on the "Authorized UE List". That is, the LCS client is authorised to receive location information from the GMLC entity if the requesting user equipment (UE) is found from the list.
LCS clients are typically Application Service Providers (ASP) who are not a part of the PLMN system.
One important issue in Mobile Location Services (MLS) is the subscriber's privacy. In particular the user is able to define only broad privacy requirements which are stored in the home location register HLR. The current privacy requirements allow a user to define whether or not the user's location information can be provided and if so to which clients. Currently these privacy requirements have been handled by Mobile Services Switching Centre (MSC), GMLC, and the mobile terminal based on the information stored in the home location register. For example, Client screening is done in the GMLC (that is clients can request location information via the GMLC network operator) and in the MSC/VLR (that is clients can request for example a user's subscriber's location information) (VLR=Visitor Location Register).
The subscriber specific privacy parameter information is stored in the HLR and copied to VLR, if required. This information is generally called LCS privacy parameters. The problem with the existing system is that it is limited and inflexible.

Telecommunications system and method for controlling privacy


A new and distinct cultivar of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) plant named ‘Tawny Seedless’, characterized by its strong plant growth vigor, high fertility, high resistance to rain, exceptional post-harvest shelf life, low requirement for labor, large fruit size with round shape, firm fruit with good flavor. This combination results in a higher quality fruit with a later availability than other varieties.

The present invention relates to a new and distinct Vitis vinifera (grapevine) variety, which has been given the variety denomination of 'Tawny Seedless'. The new variety 'Tawny Seedless' shows distinctive traits such as high productivity, good flavor, prolonged post-harvest shelf life and robust resistance to rain.
The new variety 'Tawny Seedless' is the result of a grapevine breeding program that was commenced in the summer of 2002 in South Africa. The female (seed) parent 'Red Globe' and male (pollen) parent 'Flame Seedless' were crossed with the hope that they would contribute to desired characteristics of a new variety better than existing red and black seedless varieties. The seedlings from the cross were obtained and 'Tawny Seedless' was selected as a promising early ripening red seedless variety.


A transport arm of a semiconductor substrate transport apparatus carries a semiconductor substrate both into and out of a semiconductor substrate processing chamber in each operation of the transport arm, shortening operation time and prolonging the operating life of the apparatus. First and second arms are rotatably mounted at the leading end of an extensible arm of the semiconductor substrate transport apparatus, each including a substrate holding portion at the leading end for supporting a semiconductor substrate. The first and second arms are turned by an arm driving device while in the semiconductor substrate processing chamber.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a semiconductor substrate transport arm for use in a semiconductor substrate transport apparatus for carrying a substrate into and out of a semiconductor substrate processing chamber.
2. Description of the Related Art
FIG. 6 is an outside plan view of a transport arm in a well-known semiconductor substrate transport apparatus. The transport arm has an extensible transport arm 37 capable of moving into and out of a semiconductor substrate processing chamber (not shown) and a semiconductor substrate pan 38 fixed to the leading end of the extensible transport arm 37, for carrying a semiconductor substrate into and out of the semiconductor substrate processing chamber.
In order to carry a semiconductor substrate (not shown) processed in the semiconductor substrate processing chamber, the transport arm 37 is put into the processing chamber and a processed semiconductor substrate is laid on the pan 38 and carried out of the processing chamber by moving the transport arm 37. Outside the semiconductor substrate processing chamber, the processed semiconductor substrate is taken out of the pan 38, and an unprocessed semiconductor substrate is instead laid on the pan 38 and put into the semiconductor processing change. Semiconductor substrates are transported by repeating the above processes.
Since the transport arm in the conventional semiconductor substrate transport apparatus has the above construction, it is necessary to take a processed substrate out of the semiconductor substrate processing chamber before carrying a new semiconductor substrate into the processing chamber, and to perform two extension and contraction operations of the transport arm to process one semiconductor substrate, thereby making the transport time long. Furthermore, it is necessary to open and close an entrance gate of the semiconductor substrate processing chamber in every transport operation in order to prevent the intrusion of dust into the semiconductor substrate processing chamber. The opening and closing operations take substantial time and shorten the operating life of an opening and closing driving portion for the entrance gate.

Semiconductor substrate transport arm for semiconductor substrate processing apparatus


A variable combustion system for an internal combustion engine, which suppresses mechanical compression ratio change control by a variable mechanical compression ratio control mechanism and carries out internal EGR amount change control by a variable valve actuating control mechanism on a preferential basis in a first operating region in which a compression self-ignition combustion is carried out, and which suppresses the internal EGR amount change control by the variable valve actuating control mechanism and carries out the mechanical compression ratio change control by the variable mechanical compression ratio control mechanism on a preferential basis in a second operating region in which a spark ignition combustion is carried out.

Hitherto, in a field of a gasoline-type internal combustion engine using gasoline as a fuel, spark ignition combustion for forcibly combusting a mixture by means of spark ignition by an ignition plug is generally adapted. However, in recent years, in place of the spark ignition combustion, research in employment of so-called compression self-ignition combustion in the gasoline-type internal combustion engine is in progress. The compression self-ignition combustion is combustion by self-ignition in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment generated by compressing a mixture by a piston.
The compression self-ignition combustion is such combustion that the mixture self-ignites at a plurality of positions simultaneously in the combustion chamber, and it is said that a combustion period is shorter and a higher heat efficiency is provided compared to the spark ignition combustion in which the combustion gradually extends through flame propagation. It should be noted that the compression self-ignition combustion is different from diffusion combustion in a diesel-type internal combustion engine using a diesel fuel, and is thus also referred to as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI).
As a variable combustion system for an internal combustion engine, which is configured to simultaneously use the spark ignition combustion and the compression self-ignition combustion, for example, one described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2013-227941 (Patent Document 1) is known. In the variable combustion system described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2013-227941 (Patent Document 1), an internal combustion engine increased in a mechanical compression ratio (=geometrical compression ratio) up to approximately 18 is used to introduce an internal exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), to thereby realize compression self-ignition combustion excellent in fuel efficiency in a low load region. In a high load region in which the compression self-ignition combustion results in abnormal combustion, the combustion is switched to the spark ignition combustion, to thereby realize rapid combustion by carrying out high-pressure retard ignition for injecting a high-pressure fuel in a second half period in the compression stroke, and to suppress occurrence of knocking in the spark ignition combustion caused by the high mechanical compression ratio.
In Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2013-227941 (Patent Document 1), the fuel is injected at a very high injection pressure as high as 30 MPa or more, and at a significantly retarded timing as late as the second half or later of the compression stroke (such as BTDC 20° to 0° CA). This injection at the high pressure and the retarded timing leads to reduction of an existing period of an unburnt mixture, and thus to avoidance of abnormal combustion.

Variable combustion system for an internal combustion engine


A message displaying area displays a message “DATA HAS BEEN RECEIVED”, which indicates that a print instruction has been received, as well as a message “CONDUCT AUTHENTICATION”, which urges a user to enter identification information. On the other hand, an input area displays a form in which a “username” and a corresponding “password” are to be entered. Specifically, a display presents an entry screen for identification information, including messages indicating that a print instruction has been received and authentication is required.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image formation apparatus connected to a power supplying device capable of supplying power via a data communication line, a control method performed by the image formation apparatus, and a storage medium storing a program used by the image formation apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, there has been proposed a configuration supplying a networked device with power through a communication line propagating a communication signal (or a data signal). Such a configuration is noted as a method of supplying power for driving Internet Protocol (IP) telephones, wireless access points, network cameras, and the like in particular. As a representative example of a network configuration equipped with a power supplying function as described above is established Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.3af. IEEE 802.3af is a standard for supplying predetermined direct-current (DC) power via a communication line used for Ethernet. It is also referred to as Power over Ethernet (PoE). Furthermore, there also exists a power supply system referred to as a universal serial bus (USB) bus power system for a USB standard mainly for connecting a body of a computer and peripheral equipment.
In recent years, in response to increasing concerns about environmental issues, it has been proposed to apply such a configuration, which receives power via a communication line, to an image formation apparatus such as a printer so as to reduce power consumption. Further, a configuration has been proposed which is provided with an authentication function to achieve improved security performance in addition to reduced power consumption.
For example, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2007-241615 discloses an image formation apparatus employing a configuration that allows a power source for a printer board to become on only when authentication is done successfully and utilization of the printer board is permitted accordingly, so as to eliminate wasteful power consumption. Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2004-348615 discloses an information processing apparatus allowing for power saving of a printer used for educational e-learning while preventing wrongdoings in the e-learning.
In addition, each of Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2006-019788 and Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2004-070849 discloses a configuration for controlling powering on and off in accordance with a result of authentication.
An image formation apparatus capable of receiving power via a communication line as described above can receive data even if main power supply (for example, commercial power supply) is interrupted. However, the related arts described above mainly assume configurations that wait for reception of transmitted data after authentication is done successfully, the main power source is then turned on, and power starts to be supplied therefrom. Hence, none of the above-described related arts discloses or suggests a configuration capable of receiving data while supply from the main power source is interrupted.

Image formation apparatus connected to power supplying device capable of supplying power via data communication line, control method performed by same image formation apparatus and storage medium storing program executed by same image formation apparatus

Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc.


It is provided a computer system, comprising a server and first and second storage systems. The first storage system stores deduplicated data sharing at least a part of data with other data, shared data shared by a plurality of pieces of the deduplicated data, and first type data representing a type of the stored data including the deduplicated data and the shared data. The deduplicated data is associated with the shared data by a pointer to the shared data, and includes differential data indicating a difference from the shared data. The server creates second type data representing a type of the data stored in the second storage system from the first type data. The second storage system stores the shared data associated with the deduplicate data at a reading position before a position at which the deduplicated data is read in sequential reading and stores the second type data.

In recent years, an amount of data stored in a file server is increasing rapidly. In order to reduce a data storing cost of the file server, a file-level deduplication function capable of reducing an amount of file data stored in the file server is attracting attention.
The file-level deduplication function is realized by extracting a group of duplicate files having duplicate data bodies from among file groups stored in a file system of the file server and deleting data bodies except for one data body to replace the data bodies with reference data. By sharing the one data body by a plurality of files, redundant data bodies stored in the file system may be deleted. Therefore, the amount of data stored in the file system may be reduced.
Meanwhile, as a countermeasure against a failure of the file server or a disaster, the data managed by the file system, to which the file-level deduplication has been applied, is backed up regularly to a tape device as before. For the backup, for example, the Network Data Management Protocol may be used.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 8,204,862 B discloses a method for restoring deduplicated data. The method may include receiving a request to restore a set of deduplicated data segments to a client system, where each data segment in the set of deduplicated data segments is referred to by one or more deduplication references. The method may also include procuring reference data that indicates, for each data segment in the set of deduplicated data segments, the number of deduplication references that point to the data segment. The method may further include using the reference data to select one or more data segments from the set of deduplicated data segments for client-side caching, caching the one or more data segments in a cache on the client system, and restoring the one or more data segments from the cache on the client system. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.
In addition, U.S. Pat. No. 8,200,926 B discloses a computer-implemented method for creating a full backup. The computer-implemented method may include creating a first full backup of a set of data units at a first time. The computer-implemented method may also include identifying one or more data units in the set of data units that have been modified since the first time. The computer-implemented method may further include creating a second full backup of the set of data units by providing copies of the one or more data units that have been modified since the first time and storing references to copies of one or more data units in the set of data units that have not been modified since the first time. The references may be configured such that the second full backup is a standalone backup that is independent of any other backups.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A power supply assembly for converting input power into desired output power comprises a plurality of printed circuit boards each having oppositely facing front and back major surfaces. The back major surfaces of the first and second circuit boards are substantially devoid of the electrical components. The power supply assembly further includes a heat sink disposed adjacent to the first and the second circuit boards, an electrically conducting spline member, which is disposed between the first and second circuit boards, being attached to the heat sink, and a plurality of connectors electrically connecting the first and second circuit boards.

A power supply is the power source for many electrical systems, such as communication network systems, computer main frames, etc. which have power requirements which are not satisfied by standard Alternating Current (AC) and/or Direct Current (DC) sources. The power supply may derive their electrical current standard AC sources such as conventional utility power and/or from DC sources such as batteries. The power supply then massages the current to produce the required power output.
A power supply is often the largest portion in an electrical system, and is often the most space-consuming portion in the electrical system as well. Therefore, achieving a small package configuration is an important consideration for design purposes.
Another concern in designing a power supply is the ventilation of the power supply. Most of the electrical elements or components on a power supply are heat producers. Heat has an impart on the reliability of performance and efficiency of the power supply. In order to maintain temperatures in the power supply at a desired level, it is often necessary to transfer heat from the heat generating components to a heat dissipative body, such as a heat sink, etc.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,707,726 issued to Tinder discloses an arrangement for mounting a packaged semiconductor with a heat sink having a channel formed therein. The semiconductor package is positioned within the heat sink channel and is engaged by one or more spring beams which are interposed between one of the channel walls and the semiconductor package. Thus, Tinder provides a heat dissipating passage from the semiconductor package to the heat sink. In Tinder, the packaged semiconductor is typically preassembled to a printed circuit board prior to mounted assembly with the heat sink.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,193,444 issued to Boyd et al. discloses a mounting arrangement for thermal conduction. Boyd et al. provides a heat dissipating path from a U-shaped carrier element to a heat sink through a U-shaped support element. The support element is mounted on the heat sink. The carrier element is attached to the support member. Heat is dissipated from the heat generating electrical components, which are carried by the carrier element, to the heat sink.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,639,834 issued to Mayer discloses a power supply having a partition at a bottom of a housing subdividing the housing into first and second spaces, and two heat sinks dissipating heat generated from both spaces.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,077,638 issued to Andersson et al. discloses a heat sink intended for mounting along the edge of an electrical circuit board in order to cool heat generating components on the circuit board. The heat sink is designed with a longitudinal slot for mounting on the circuit board and a mounting flange located in substantially the same plane as the slot.
The present invention provides a power supply assembly which overcomes many of the disadvantages associated with such devices of this general type.


Polyboronic compounds useful as delayed crosslinking agents may be produced by using a polyamine as base scaffold and incorporating boron via reaction with intermediate borates which may be formed in the condensation reaction between boric acid and a diol. A di-aldehyde, such as glyoxal, may be introduced following caustic treatment of the reaction mixture of polyaminoboronate to form the polyboronic compound.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to polyboronic compounds, compositions containing such compounds and methods of making and using the same.
Description of the Related Art
Hydraulic fracturing techniques are widely used to enhance oil and gas production from subterranean formations. During hydraulic fracturing, a fluid is injected into a well bore under high pressure. Once the natural reservoir fracture gradient is exceeded, the fracturing fluid initiates a fracture in the formation that generally continues to grow during pumping. The treatment design generally requires the fluid to reach a maximum viscosity as it enters the fracture that affects the fracture length and width. The viscosity of most fracturing fluids is generated from water-soluble polysaccharides, such as galactomannans or cellulose derivatives.
The gelled fluid can be accompanied by a propping agent (i.e., proppant) that results in placement of the proppant within the fracture that has been produced. The proppant remains in the produced fracture to prevent the complete closure of the fracture and to form a conductive channel extending from the well bore into the formation being treated once the fracturing fluid is recovered.
Guar based fracturing fluids are the most commonly used fluids in reservoir stimulation. Guar is composed of polymannose backbone with galactose branching with an approximate ratio of 2:1. The solubility of guar gum is greatly enhanced by the galactose branching compared to other polysaccharides.
Hydrated guar or its derivative (linear gel) at ambient temperature does not possess the required viscosity for proppant transport. Thus, crosslinkers, such as boron, zirconium, titanium compounds, are used to significantly improve viscosity of the fluid system. Hydrated guar gum is mostly crosslinked with borates while derivatized guar gums such as, carboxymethyl guar (CMG), hydroxypropyl guar (HPG) and carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar (CMHPG), are mostly crosslinked with transition metals. Borate crosslinked fluids are typically preferred due to their reversibility to mechanical shearing and favorable environmental properties.
Pumping fluids with high viscosity requires tremendous amount of horsepower due to high pipe friction, so delayed crosslinkers are desired. Further, while boron and zirconium crosslinking agents are effective for many types of fracturing fluids containing hydratable polymers, a certain amount of the polymer is needed to achieve the viscosity necessary to fractionate the formation. It is desirable to use as little polymer as possible in a fracturing fluid so that the overall cost of the fracturing job is lower. With reduced polymer loading, less polymer residue remains in the fracture and the sand pack after breaking. Formation damage is therefore minimized.
In view of the foregoing, a need exists for a crosslinking agent that would effectively increase the viscosity of the polymer, which also reduces the polymer loading as much as possible in fracturing fluids. In addition, a need exists for agents which are capable of exhibiting delayed crosslinking activity. A need also exists for compounds, such as polyboronic compounds, that can be prepared and have more than one B—N bond that helps with functions, such as crosslinking. Additionally, it would be advantageous if such crosslinking system is compatible with existing fracturing systems.

Fracturing method using polyboronic compound


A remote triggering device, an overspeed governor assembly and an elevator system are provided. The remote triggering device includes: an actuator seat mounted on a fixed bracket and rotatable between a first position and a second position; an actuator disposed on the actuator seat and having an action end movable between a retracted position and an extended position; and a reset lever extending from the actuator seat; wherein in a case that the centrifugal mechanism of the overspeed governor assembly rotates in a first direction corresponding to ascending of an elevator car, when the action end of the actuator moves to the extended position, the centrifugal mechanism of the overspeed governor assembly contacts the action end of the actuator and drives the actuator seat to rotate from the first position toward the second position, and the reset lever rotates with the actuator seat.

With the development of the technology of overspeed governor assembly for elevators, the new Car Mounted Governor (CMG) assembly has been more widely used. The CMG governor assembly is more compact in structure than conventional overspeed governor assemblies with or without a machine room. An overspeed governor assembly was disclosed in U.S. Patent No. US 2013/0098711A1 by Aguado, et al., on Apr. 25, 2013, wherein the overspeed governor assembly includes a centrifugal mechanism that is gradually unfolded as the speed of a sheave increases. When the sheave reaches a first speed, an outer side of the centrifugal mechanism toggles an overspeed protection switch, thereby braking the elevator through an electrical mechanism. If the speed of the sheave continues to increase to a second speed, the centrifugal mechanism will drive a core ring on an inner side thereof, thereby triggering a mechanical brake device. After the car is braked and the maintenance on the elevator is completed, the overspeed protection switch needs to be returned to an untriggered position so that the elevator can be re-operated and protection can be provided when the overspeed occurs next time.
Such a car-mounted overspeed governor assembly further includes a remote triggering device, such as the type described in the Chinese utility model No. ZL201621141734.2, entitled "Remote Triggering Device, Overspeed Governor Assembly and Elevator", filed by Otis Elevator Company. The remote triggering device can be actively controlled to act on the centrifugal mechanism so that the overspeed governor assembly can be actively triggered without overspeed of the car for purposes such as testing.
In prior designs, the overspeed protection switch and the remote triggering device are each configured with an actuator such as an electromagnet to implement the above functions.

Remote triggering device, overspeed governor assembly and elevator system


Disclosed are isolated polynucleotides encoding an omega-3 desaturase and a delta-12 desaturase, the enzymes encoded by the isolated polynucleotides, vectors containing the isolated polynucleotides, transgenic hosts that contain the isolated polynucleotides that express the enzymes encoded thereby, methods for producing the desaturase enzymes, and method of using the enzymes to make polyunsaturated fatty acids. The isolated polynucleotides are derived from a fungus, Saprolegnia diclina (ATCC 56851). In particular, omega-3-desaturase may be utilized, for example, in the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Delta-12 desaturase may be used, for example, in the conversion of oleic acid (OA) to linoleic (LA). EPA or polyunsaturated fatty acids produced therefrom may be added to pharmaceutical compositions, nutritional compositions, animal feeds, as well as other products such as cosmetics.

Desaturases are a class of enzymes critical in the production of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play many roles in the proper functioning of all life forms. For example, PUFAs are important components of the plasma membrane of a cell, where they are found in the form of phospholipids. PUFAs also are precursors to mammalian prostacyclins, eicosanoids, leukotrienes and prostaglandins. Additionally, PUFAs are necessary for the proper development of the infant brain, as well as for tissue formation and repair in mature mammals. In view of the biological significance of PUFAs, attempts are being made to produce them in an efficient manner.
A number of enzymes, most notably desaturases and elongases, are involved in PUFA biosynthesis (see FIG. 1). Elongases catalyze the addition of a 2-carbon unit to a fatty acid substrate. Thus, for example, an elongase (generically designated "elo" in FIG. 1) catalyzes the conversion of γ-linolenic acid (18:3n-6) to dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6), as well as the conversion of stearidonic acid (18:4n-3) to eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4n-3), etc.
Desaturases catalyze the introduction of unsaturations (i.e., double bonds) between carbon atoms within the fatty acid alkyl chain of the substrate. Thus, for example, linoleic acid (18:2n-6) is produced from oleic acid (18:1n-9) by the action of a Δ12-desaturase. Similarly, γ-linolenic acid (18:3n-6) is produced from linoleic acid by the action of a Δ6-desaturase.
Throughout the present application, PUFAs will be unambiguously identified using the "omega" system of nomenclature favored by physiologists and biochemists, as opposed to the "delta" system or I.U.P.A.C. system normally favored by chemists. In the "omega" system, a PUFA is identified by a numeric designation of the number of carbons in the chain. This is followed by a colon and then another numeric designation of the number of unsaturations in the molecule. This is then followed by the designation "n-x," where x is the number of carbons from the methyl end of the molecule where the first unsaturation is located. Each subsequence unsaturation (where there is more than one double bond) is located 3 addition carbon atoms toward the carboxyl end of the molecule. Thus, the PUFAs described herein can be described as being "methylene-interrupted" PUFAs. Where some other designation is required, deviations from the "omega" system will be noted.
Where appropriate, the action of the desaturase enzymes described herein will also be identified using the "omega" system. Thus, an "omega-3" desaturase catalyzes the introduction of a double bond between the two carbons at positions 3 and 4 from the methyl end of the substrate. However, in many instances, it is more convenient to indicate the activity of a desaturase by counting from the carboxyl end of the substrate. Thus, as shown in FIG. 1, a Δ9-desaturase catalyzes the introduction of a double bond between the two carbons at positions 9 and 10 from the carboxyl end of the substrate. In short, where the term "omega" is used, the position on the substrate is being designated relative to the methyl terminus; where the term "delta" is used, the position on the substrate is being designated relative to the carboxyl terminus.
It must be noted that mammals cannot desaturate fatty acid substrates beyond the Δ9 position (i.e., beyond 9 carbon atoms distant from the carboxyl terminus). Thus, for example, mammals cannot convert oleic acid (18:1n-9) into linoleic acid (18:2n-6); linoleic acid contains an unsaturation at position Δ12. Likewise, α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3)(having unsaturations at Δ12 and Δ15) cannot be synthesized by mammals. However, for example, mammals can convert α-linolenic acid into stearidonic acid (18:4n-3) by the action of a A6-desaturase. (See FIG. 1. See also PCT publication WO 96/13591; The FASEB Journal, Abstracts, Part I, Abstract 3093, page A532 (Experimental Biology 98, San Francisco, Calif., Apr. 18-22, 1998); and U.S. Pat. No. 5,552,306.)
Still referring to FIG. 1, in mammals, fungi, and algae, the stearidonic acid so formed is converted into eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4n-3) by the action of an elongase. This PUFA can then be converted to eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) by a Δ5-desaturase. Eicosapentaenoic acid can then, in turn, be converted to ω3-docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) by an elongase.
Other eukaryotes, including fungi and plants, have enzymes that desaturate fatty acid substrates at carbon Δ12 (see PCT publication WO 94/11516 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,443,974) and at carbon delta-15 (see PCT publication WO 93/11245). The major polyunsaturated fatty acids of animals therefore are either derived from diet and/or from desaturation and elongation of linoleic acid or α-linolenic acid. In view of these difficulties, there remains a significant need to isolate genes involved in PUFA synthesis. Ideally, these genes would originate from species that naturally produce fatty acids that are not produced naturally in mammals. These genes could then be expressed in a microbial, plant, or animal system, which would thereby be altered to produce commercial quantities of one or more PUFAs. Thus, there is a definite need for novel Δ12- and Δ17-desaturase enzymes, the respective genes encoding these enzymes, as well as recombinant methods of producing these enzymes. Additionally, a need exists for oils containing levels of PUFAs beyond those naturally present. Access to such Δ12- and Δ17-desaturase enzymes allows for the production of large amounts of PUFAs that cannot be synthesized de novo in mammals. These PUFAs can be used as pharmaceutical agents and/or nutritional supplements.
All patents, patent publications and priority documents cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Desaturase genes, enzymes encoded thereby, and uses thereof


An ultrasonic lithotripter comprising a first transmission probe which has a hollow portion in the form of a through hole and transmits ultrasonic vibration and a superfine second transmission probe which can be passed through the hollow portion of the first transmission probe. An object of manipulation is held by means of the second transmission probe as it is manipulated by means of the first transmission probe.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a calculus manipulation apparatus capable of crushing and recovering an object of manipulation, such as a calculus in the body cavity, e.g., the kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, etc., by utilizing ultrasonic vibration.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, there are various surgical instruments that approach and remove a calculus in the urinary bladder or a ureter through the urethra (refer to Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKOKU Publication No. 6-38804 (Patent Document 1), for example). A surgical instrument of Patent Document 1 uses an ultrasonic probe to crush a coral calculus that adheres to the kidney. Then, the calculus that is chipped away from the kidney is picked up in a basket and pulverized.
An ultrasonic calculus crusher, kinetic-energy lithotripter, electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripter, etc. are conventionally known as apparatuses that are inserted into the body cavity through a channel of an endoscope and crush a calculus. The ultrasonic calculus crusher crushes the calculus by means of the distal end of a lithotriptic probe that undergoes ultrasonic vibration. The kinetic-energy lithotripter uses compressed air or electromagnetic means to subject a probe to longitudinal vibration and crushes the calculus by utilizing the shock of the vibration. The electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripter crushes the calculus with shock waves based on electric discharge.
FIG. 28 shows an example of the ultrasonic calculus crusher. The ultrasonic calculus crusher comprises a high-frequency power source a, a vibrator b for converting high-frequency power from the power source a into ultrasonic vibration, and an elongate lithotriptic probe c of which the proximal end portion is connected to the vibrator b. The vibration generated by the vibrator b is propagated to the distal end side by means of the lithotriptic probe c. Further, a footswitch d is connected to the high-frequency power source a. A calculus is crushed by ultrasonic vibration in a manner such that the distal end portion of the lithotriptic probe c is brought into contact with the calculus with the probe c in a manipulation channel of the endoscope.
The vibrator b and the lithotriptic probe c are hollow. This hollow pipeline is connected to a suction tube e. The suction tube e is fitted with a roller pump f. In operation, the distal end portion of the lithotriptic probe c of the ultrasonic calculus crusher is brought into contact with the calculus. As this is done, the calculus is crushed by ultrasonic vibration, and at the same time, fragments of the calculus are sucked through the hollow pipeline.
Examples of the kinetic-energy lithotripter are described in Patent Specification No. 3132972 (Patent Document 2) and Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 62-144645 (Patent Document 3). The apparatus of Patent Document 2 transmits a shock produced by compressed air to a lithotriptic probe and crushes a calculus by means of the distal end of the probe. The apparatus of Patent Document 3 transmits a shock produced by an electromagnetic method to a lithotriptic probe and crushes a calculus by means of the distal end of the probe.
FIG. 29A shows an example of the electrohydraulic lithotripter. This apparatus is provided with two electrodes i1 and i2 on a distal end portion h of a soft lithotriptic probe g, as shown in FIG. 29B. A calculus j is crushed with shock waves that are generated when electric discharge is caused between the electrodes i1 and i2.
According to alternative known methods (refer to Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 60-96241 (Patent Document 4) and Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 5-111493 (Patent Document 5), for example), a calculus is crushed mechanically by means of a basket forceps or by ultrasonic vibration. These methods cannot ensure a satisfactory crushing force.
Means for holding down a calculus is described in Jpn. UM Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 63-84215 (Patent Document 6) and Jpn. UM Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 63-84216 (Patent Document 7). This means efficiently applies shock waves to a calculus in crushing it and holds it down lest it move and hinder positioning of a probe for shock wave generation.
Described in Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 62-14843 (Patent Document 8), moreover, is an example in which a sucker that is attached to the distal end of an endoscope channel is brought into contact with a calculus to suck it, whereby the calculus can be fixed in front of the channel during a lithotriptic operation.


An organic electro-luminescence display is disclosed. The display includes a pixel unit configured to display at least a portion of an image, a first regulator configured to generate first and second power voltages and to transmit the first and second power voltages to the pixel power source line, a second regulator configured to generate a predetermined voltage and to transmit the predetermined voltage to a driver driving unit, and a power generating unit. The power generating unit is configured to generate another predetermined voltage, to transmit the other predetermined voltage to the signal generator, to generate a third power voltage, to transmit the third power voltage to the pixel unit, and to generate a fourth power voltage. The display also includes a switching unit configured to transmit the third and fourth power voltages to the pixel power source line when the first and second power voltages are off.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an organic electro-luminescence display and a driving method thereof, and more particularly to an organic electro-luminescence display and a driving method thereof, capable of reducing power consumption in a partial driving thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, various flat panel display devices with small weight and volume compared with cathode ray tubes have been developed. The flat panel display devices have a plurality of pixels on a substrate in a matrix to form a pixel unit, and scan lines and data lines to each pixel to selectively apply data signals to the pixels for displaying.
The flat panel display device may be a passive matrix type display device or an active matrix type display device in accordance with a driving scheme for the pixels. The active matrix type has mainly been used in view of better resolution, contrast and an operation speed.
Such a flat panel display device has been used as a display device of a portable information terminal such as a personal computer, a mobile telephone, a PDA, etc., or a monitor for various information equipment. An LCD using a liquid crystal panel, an organic electro-luminescence display using organic light-emitting element and a PDP using a plasma panel, etc., have been known. In particular, the organic electro-luminescence display, is excellent in view of emission efficiency, brightness, view angle and has a rapid response speed.
In the case when an organic electro-luminescence display is partially driven, that is, when only a portion of the display is used to emit light for an image and the rest of the display is black, and in the case when the image is displayed at low brightness, if the electro-luminescence display is in a standby mode, the electro-luminescence display has a disadvantage of relatively larger power consumption compared with a LCD. The LCD can display a partial driving by turning off a part of backlight units, and can display a standby mode state by turning on the entire display, making it possible to reduce power consumption in the backlight unit. In contrast, since each pixel in the organic electro-luminescence display displays an image corresponding to data signals, and a first power voltage and a second power voltage, a display of a gray scale corresponds to the data signals and the first power voltage. Therefore, even when the pixel displays black, the organic electro-luminescence display should receive the first power voltage and the data signals displaying black.
The organic electro-luminescence display generates the first power voltage and the second power voltage by using a switching regulator, and the efficiency of the switching regulator drops when load is low because of its characteristics, and the organic electro-luminescence display has to consume several tens of NW of power in order to operate the switching regulator.
Therefore, when the organic electro-luminescence display is used in a portable information terminal, etc., such as a cellular phone, etc., the power consumption becomes large enough to significantly reduce battery life.

Organic electro-luminescence display and driving method thereof


A hand-pushed mower of which blade height setter is provided with a sphere rolling on the ground, many small spheres holding the sphere as to freely roll, a semi-spherical receiving member forming a gap between an upper spherical face of the sphere to hold the many small spheres in the gap, and a scraping ring frame portion disposed to be parallel to and having a predetermined interval with a lower end edge of the semi-spherical receiving member. The scraping ring frame portion is disposed to be near the surface of the sphere as to scrape foreign matter on the surface of the sphere. A window portion for removing the foreign matter is formed between the lower end edge of the semi-spherical receiving member and the scraping ring frame portion.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a hand-pushed mower.
2. Description of the Related Art
A conventional hand-pushed mower is provided with a frame, a pair of wheels disposed on a lower end of the frame, a handle disposed on an upper end of the frame, and a mowing blade disposed in front of the pair of wheels (refer to Japanese provisional publication No. 11-127654, for example).
In mowing with the hand-pushed mower, a worker holding the handle pushes the mower with hands to proceed and rotate the mowing blade by rotation of the proceeding wheels as a driving source for mowing.
However, in this conventional hand-pushed mower, regulation of the height of the mowing blade is difficult, the wheels tend to fall into concave portions on rough ground having great convex and concave portions, the mower can not be smoothly pushed and the blade is not properly rotated, and the operation of the mower becomes difficult and dangerous thereby. So the mower is difficult to manage when the worker is not a highly-skilled adult.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a hand-pushed mower which can mow with even height safely and easily without high skill, and can be easily controlled even on a place with great convex and concave portions.


A carpet cleaner device and method having feed and dispensing lines for applying and removing cleaning solutions from carpets, upholstery, floors and similar surfaces is disclosed. Connections to these lines, and also connections for electric power are mounted on a tray which is supported within the device during use. The tray may be pulled out from the device to expose the lines and connections for ready access during servicing, and/or repair.

This invention relates to a new and improved carpet cleaner supply and recovery tanks which enable easy access to various components of the device such as solution connection lines, electrical connections, electrical components, and the like. Normally during use of similar prior art devices, servicing of these items is difficult since they are typically positioned at the bottom of the carpet cleaner, and hence access to these items is quite awkward, or it necessitates a partial or complete disassembly of the device for these purposes. This may require the device be serviced by the manufacturer or by a service company, or to employ specially trained personnel to service the equipment, all of which tend to be expensive. In any event, service and repair time is expensive, and returning the device to a manufacturer or service dealer means the device is taken out of service, which represents an added expense.
Also if the device is used frequently, it may be more cost effective to simply remove and replace some or all of these items with new components, rather than undergoing a service or repair routine. The above conditions would apply irrespective of whether servicing or replacement is made by a frequent user who is not commercial, or by a commercial user such as a janitorial service operator.
It would be desireable to provide a carpet cleaner device whose major components are readily accessible for inspection, servicing, repair, replacement, adjustment, cleaning and the like in a relatively short time, and with personnel or users who do not require skilled training. A carpet cleaner device also is desired which may be used in both modes of dry vacuuming and carpet cleaning with cleaning liquids. A carpet cleaner is also desired which is compact, mobile, and where filling with fresh liquid, removal of used liquid from a carpet, and emptying of used cleaning solution from the device is easily facilitated.

Carpet cleaner with pull-out tray support for service and repair of components