An interlocking wall panel with machine carved decorative texture is provided. An interlocking wall panel may comprise a body comprising a wooden material. The wooden material may be solid wood or any of a variety of engineered wood product or laminates thereof. The body may have a carved top surface. A first side of the body may have an interlocking groove formed therein, and a second side substantially parallel to the first side may have an interlocking tongue extending therefrom. A pair of opposed ends may form a perimeter of the body with the first and second sides. The carved top surface of the interlocking wall panel may include a texture comprising a plurality of decorative grooves. The decorative grooves may vary in depth along their length and may furthermore vary in width. Each of the ends of the body may include respective matching end profiles.

Wood paneling is used to enhance the aesthetic appeal of many environments. Wood paneling may be manufactured from solid wood or plywood, for example, and may include a natural wooden exterior surface, or in some cases an exterior surface featuring a smooth plastic laminate with a wood design imprinted thereon. Natural wood surfaces are typically sanded smooth and finished with paint or stain.
To enhance appearance, in some cases it may be desirable to provide texture to the wood paneling, for visual interest. One manner of providing such texture is to select the wood and finish in a combination that allows the grain to stand up and show through the finish. However, this approach produces a texture that is very shallow, which makes light play on the texture virtually unnoticeable. Another manner of providing texture is to utilize panels manufactured from unfinished, rough sawn boards. While this approach gives slightly more light play on the exterior surface, it results in a rustic appearance which is not always desirable. Yet another manner of providing texture, as shown in Prior Art Document 1, is to use a molding knife to uniformly cut along the panel lengths to impart a shaped groove. While this approach may be desirable in some applications where a uniform grooved pattern is desired, it cannot produce patterns that appear natural and organic to the user.
Prior Art Document 1: Cabinetmaking and Millwork

Interlocking wall panel with machine carved decorative texture


A kayak comprises a hull with a relatively narrow cross sectional underwater width for increasing speed and efficiency of the kayak moving through water and first and second pairs of convex surfaces for providing kayak stability.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a kayak having a hull configured with first and second pairs of convex sidewalls.
2. Description of Related Art
Different hull configurations have been developed for a variety of kayaks. A narrow hull cross section is desirable for increasing speed and efficiency of a kayak moving through water. However, such hulls often lack stability on the water. For the purpose of providing a stable ride, kayak hulls have been developed with relatively wide bottoms. However, such hulls decrease speed and efficiency when traveling on the water. Hulls with a substantially wide bottom generally have a relatively large surface area which increases skin friction and decreases speed and efficiency when in contact with water. In addition, a wide bottom hull displaces water away from the hull, forming waves and developing wave drag as the hull moves through the water which also increases resistance and decreases speed and efficiency.


A new and distinct cultivar of Eryngium plant named ‘Amazing Jackpot’, characterized by its upright and inverted narrow triangular plant habit; moderately vigorous growth habit; freely branching habit; and broadly branched flower heads with dark blue-colored flowers.

The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Eryngium plant, botanically known as Eryngium planum, and hereinafter referred to by the name 'Amazing Jackpot'.
The new Eryngium originated from a cross-pollination in Rijnsburg, The Netherlands in July, 2000 made by the Inventor of a unnamed seedling selection of Eryngium planum, not patented, as the female, or seed, parent with the Eryngium planum cultivar Blue Candle, not patented, as the male, or pollen, parent. The new Eryngium was discovered and selected by the Inventor as a single flowering plant from within the progeny of the stated cross-pollination grown in a controlled environment in Rijnsburg, The Netherlands in July, 2001.
Asexual reproduction of the new Eryngium by cuttings in a controlled environment in Rijnsburg, The Netherlands since March, 2002, has shown that the unique features of this new Eryngium are stable and reproduced true to type in successive generations.


A transferring apparatus transfers an article to be processed, which is carried by a carrier device, to a holder provided in a processing chamber defined by a processing vessel and adapted to hold the article at a specified processing position. The transferring apparatus includes a temporarily holding member, and transfers the article from the intermediate position to the processing position after receiving the article carried by the carrier device at an intermediate position distanced from the holder and temporarily holding it. The temporarily holding member is retracted to a position in the outside of the processing vessel after the article is transferred.

This invention relates to a transferring method and apparatus for loading and unloading an article to be processed such as a semiconductor wafer to and from a processing position inside a processing chamber defined in a processing vessel, and a high-pressure processing apparatus provided with the transferring apparatus.
In the case of loading and unloading a plate-shaped article to be processed such as a semiconductor wafer into and from a processing apparatus for applying a high-pressure processing or the like, a means for quickly, securely and stably carrying the article while protecting it is necessary. Apparatuses, for example, disclosed in Japanese Registered Utility Model No. 2503732, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. H11-186360 and Japanese Patent No. 3107310 are known as such an apparatus.
In the apparatus disclosed in Japanese Registered Utility Model No. 2503732, a semiconductor substrate or an article to be processed is carried to various processing units or processing apparatuses by a second carrying mechanism after being unloaded from a cassette by a first substrate carrying mechanism and transferred from the first substrate carrying mechanism to the second carrying mechanism or, conversely, processed articles are returned to the cassette from the various processing apparatuses by the first and second substrate carrying mechanisms.
In this apparatus, the second substrate carrying mechanism which transfers the article to and from various processing apparatuses has such a construction as to support the article from below. Similar to this, in the apparatuses disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. H11-186360 and Japanese Patent No. 3107310, parts thereof that serve to transfer the article to and from the processing apparatuses have such a construction as to support the article from below.
With such apparatuses in which the articles are directly transferred to the processing apparatuses and a portion of the carrying mechanism supports the article from below, the processing apparatuses need to be formed with a clearance through which the article supporting portion enters and exits from the processing apparatuses in order to avoid the interference of the processing apparatuses and the carrier device.
Particularly in the case that this carrying mechanism moves over a relatively long distance, the article supporting portion of the carrying mechanism is obliged to be solid and large since the articles need to be supported with a sufficient strength during carriage. Accordingly, the clearances for allowing the entrance and exit of the article supporting portion into and from the processing apparatuses tend to be enlarged as much.
Such an enlargement of the clearance leads to the enlargement of the processing chamber as a whole defined in the processing apparatus. Various other problems arise in the case that the processing apparatus applies a high-pressure processing. For example, the enlargement of the clearance leads to a longer time required to compress a processing gas and an increase in the amount of the processing gas used, resulting in a reduction in throughput.
Japanese Patent No. 3174691 shows a carrying mechanism which transfers a substrate between a substrate carrier device and a substrate processing apparatus. However, this carrying mechanism is always placed inside a processing chamber. Consequently, the processing chamber is required to have an increased space to accommodate the carrying mechanism.

Method and apparatus for transferring an article to be processed and processing apparatus


A semiconductor memory device includes memory cells, a memory cell array, word lines, latch circuits, first row decoders, second row decoders, first isolating transistors, and second isolating transistors. The memory cell includes a memory cell transistor having a floating gate and a control gate. The memory cell array includes the memory cells arranged in a matrix. The word line connects in common the control gates of the memory cell transistors in a same row. The first row decoder applies a positive voltage to the word lines in a write operation and in an erase operation. The second row decoder applies a negative voltage to the word lines in a write operation and in an erase operation. The first isolating transistor switches between the first row decoder and the word line. The second isolating transistor switches between the second row decoder and the word line.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a semiconductor memory device with MOS transistors, each including a floating gate and a control gate, and to a memory card including the semiconductor memory device. More particularly, this invention relates to a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device, such as a flash memory.
2. Description of the Related Art
Various types of flash memories have been proposed for a variety of uses.
For instance, a NAND flash memory has been known as a data storage memory for use in a digital camera or the like. A NAND flash memory has been described in, for example, Imamiya K., et al., "A 125-mm/sup 2/1-Gb NAND Flash Memory With 10-Mbytes/s Program Speed," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 37, No. 11, November, 2002, pp. 1493–1501.
Another known flash memory is a NOR flash memory which writes and erases data by using FN tunneling. A NOR flash memory has one memory cell transistor and two select transistors (hereinafter, referred to as a 3Tr-NAND flash memory). A 3Tr-NAND flash memory has been written in, for example, Ditewig T., et al., "An Embedded 1.2-V Read Flash Memory Module in a 0.18-μm Logic Process," Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2001 Digest of Technical Papers ISSCC. 2001 IEEE International 5–7, February, 2001, pp. 34–35, 425.
Furthermore, in recent years, a flash memory combining the features of the NOR flash memory and the NAND flash memory has been proposed. A flash memory of this type has memory cells, each including one memory cell transistor and one select transistor (hereinafter, referred to as a 2Tr flash memory). A 2Tr flash memory has been disclosed in, for example, Wei-Hua Liu, "A 2-Transistor Source-select (2TS) Flash EEPROM for 1.8-V-Only Application," Non-Volatile Semiconductor Memory Workshop 4.1, 1997.
With the recent progress in the processing technology, the memory cells are being miniaturized more in the above flash memories. However, it has been difficult to reduce the size of the peripheral circuits around the memory cell array, particularly the size of the decoder circuits.

Semiconductor memory device with MOS transistors, each including a floating gate and a control gate, and a memory card including the same


Example embodiments of the present invention relate to a method and a system for improving performance of flash cache memory, such as in a host of a storage environment, for example, by preventing a cache cell from reaching an operation limit. The method includes determining that a number of operations to a first cell of a flash memory has reached a threshold and managing the flash memory according to the determination to prevent a failure of a second cell of the flash memory.

Flash memory is valued in many applications as a storage medium due to its fast access speeds, low-power, nonvolatility, and rugged operation. The flash translation layer (FTL) is the driver that works in conjunction with an existing operating system (or, in some embedded applications, as the operating system) to make linear flash memory appear to the system like a disk drive. It does that be doing a number of things. First, it creates "virtual" small blocks of data, or sectors, out of flash's large erase blocks. Next, it manages data on the flash so that it appears to be "write in place" when in fact it is being stored in different spots in the flash. Finally, FTL manages the flash so there are clean/erased places to store data.

Method and apparatus for flash cache management


Provided herein are methods and compositions for treatment of Batten disease. Such compositions include a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV), said rAAV comprising an AAV capsid, and a vector genome packaged therein, said vector genome comprising (a) an AAV 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence; (b) a promoter; (c) a CLN2 coding sequence encoding a human TPP1; (d) an AAV 3′ ITR.

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of rare and inherited neurodegenerative disorders. They are considered the most common of the neurogenetic storage diseases, with the accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigments resembling ceroid and lipofuscin seen in patients. NCLs are associated with variable, yet progressive, symptoms, including abnormally increased muscle tone or spasm, blindness or vision problems, dementia, lack of muscle coordination, intellectual disability, movement disorder, seizures and unsteady walk. The frequency of this disease is approximately 1 per 12,500 individuals. There are three main types of NCL: adult (Kufs or Parry disease); juvenile and late infantile (Jansky-Bielschowsky disease). The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) originally were defined by their age of onset and clinical symptoms (as noted herein). However, they have since been reclassified on the basis of newer molecular findings, which have provided evidence of far more overlap for the different genetic variants than had previously been suggested by the clinical phenotypes.
At least twenty genes have been identified in association with NCL. NCL patients with CLN2 mutations are deficient in a pepstatin-insensitive lysosomal peptidase called tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TTP1). TTP1 removes tripeptides from the N-terminal of polypeptides. Mutations have been reported in all 13 exons of the CLN2 gene. Some mutations result in a more protracted course. Although onset is usually in late infancy, later onset has been described. More than 58 mutations have been described in CLN2.
CLN2 disease, a form of Batten disease, is a rare lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) with an estimated incidence of 0.07-0.51 per 100,000 live births (Augestad et al., 2006; Claussen et al., 1992; Mole et al., 2013; National Batten Disease Registry; Poupetova et al., 2010; Santorelli et al., 2013; Teixeira et al., 2003). CLN2 disease is a fatal autosomal recessive neurodegenerative LSD caused by mutations in the CLN2 gene, located on chromosome 11q15 and encoding for the soluble lysosomal enzyme tripeptidyl-peptidase-1 (TPP1). Mutations in the CLN2 gene, and subsequent deficiency in TPP1 enzymatic activity, result in lysosomal accumulation of storage material and neurodegeneration of the brain and retina (Liu et al., 1998; Wlodawer et al., 2003). CLN2 disease is characterized by early onset at 2-4 years of age with initial features usually including recurrent seizures (epilepsy) and difficulty coordinating movements (ataxia). The disease also results in the loss of previously acquired skills (developmental regression). Epilepsy is often refractory to medical therapy, and the general decay of psychomotor functions is rapid and uniform between the third and fifth birthday (Schulz et al., 2013) before premature death by mid-childhood (Nickel M et al., 2016; Worgall et al., 2007).
Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant TPP1 (Brineura® cerliponase alfa, BioMarin Pharmaceuticals) was recently approved in the United States (US) and European Union (EU) for the treatment of CLN2 disease and is administered as a biweekly infusion into the lateral ventricles via a permanently implanted device. The clinical benefit of Brineura® was designated to be limited to stabilization of motor function by the FDA, while the European Medicines Agency (EMA) determined that there was a positive impact on language skills as well (Brineura®, FDA Summary Basis of Approval; Brineura® European Public Assessment Report [EPAR]; Schulz et al., 2016). Brineura® requires specialized expertise for the implantation of a port directly into the brain and must be administered during a 4-hour infusion every two weeks in a healthcare setting by a trained professional knowledgeable in intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration. Repeat infusions are necessary in part due to the short CSF and lysosomal half-lives of Brineura® which are estimated to be 7 hours and 11.5 days, respectively (Brineura®, EPAR). Thus, there remains a significant unmet need for new therapies that can provide durable and long-term TPP1 enzymatic activity in the central nervous system (CNS) of patients with CLN2 disease, without the high patient burden and morbidities associated with repeat administration of ERT. Therefore, compositions useful for delivering and expressing TPP1 in subjects in need for treating CLN2 disease are needed. A one-time administration of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) expressing canine TPP1 (rAAV2.caTPP1) was shown to result in high expression of TPP1 predominantly in ependymal cells and secretion of the enzyme into the cerebrospinal fluid leading to clinical benefit. See Katz et al, Sci Transl Med. 2015 Nov. 11; 7(313): 313ra180; and KATZ, et al, Gene therapy 2017 Feb. 24(4): 215-223, which are incorporated herein by reference. However AAV2 does not penetrate the brain parenchyma and does not target neurons, thus limiting the expected benefits compared to what can be achieved with novel neurotropic AAVs.

The Trustees of the University ofPennsylvania


In distributed system for operating devices in association with one another, a device responsible for determining whether or not an access is permitted, and criteria for determination are hidden from accessing device or user, and flexible access control is provided among devices without need for previously defining accessible devices or user's identifiers. Communication process opens data communications which are interactions between devices to permit indefinite number of other devices to monitor data. A behavior monitoring process acquires interaction within particular device or between other devices in system for storage in behavior log table. Access control process matches the behavior log table with access control policy to determine whether or not device should be associated with target device from which process request is received, or with a target device to which a process program of the particular device attempts to access.

The present invention relates to a distributed system for operating devices having incorporated therein one or a plurality of processors each having a function of preserving data, a function of processing a program, and a communication function such that the devices are association with one another. Particularly, the present invention relates to a method of mutually opening data communicated between devices, which have a function of communicating data with one another and a function of arbitrarily executing a programs, to determine whether or not the devices should be associated with one another. The method is particular suitable for applications in control systems such as a building/home automation system, social systems such as plant control, manufacturing, distribution and the like, traffic systems, and the like.
In step with the advanced downsizing associated with the trend of higher performance and higher density of semiconductor devices, processors having calculating capabilities no longer reside only in dedicated computers but are increasingly incorporated in any devices. Further, as represented by the Internet, means are gradually arranged for communications with computer systems through these devices. When such devices having communication capabilities are associatively operated with one another, an access control list, for example, is used in a method for authenticating a target device. This method involves comparing an identifier of an associated target device or a user identifier entered by the user of the target device with the access control list stored in a particular device to determine whether or not the two devices should be associated with each other. Also, for association through a plurality of devices, a method such as "Delegation" is used for integrating the results of authentications for the plurality of devices. These techniques are described, for example, in "CORBA Security Service—Outline and Implementation," UNISYS Technical Report, No. 55.
According to the foregoing prior art, respective devices must have been previously defined as an accessible device or an inaccessible device in the access control list. In other words, assuming a target device or user, an access right must have been previously determined therefor. However, since users can readily know where exists information which is the basis for the determination, the information is susceptible to attacks such as tampering. Also, from a viewpoint of operation, in an environment which includes a large number of devices that can change in configuration over time, the aforementioned method based on the previous definition has limitations in previously assuming all devices, thus giving rise to a problem that flexible association cannot be provided for new devices. Otherwise, the access control list must be defined again in conformity to changes in the configuration of devices, causing additional labor and time. Moreover, another problem arises when a device is changed in performance or content of processing performed thereby, where after the device has been authenticated only with its identifier, a malfunction of the device will affect the association.

Open information based access control method


A method for dynamic presentations management of electronic presentations including multiple slides, wherein each slide has at least one presentation constraint parameter assigned thereto, and wherein a presentation software is used for generating and displaying the presentation can include gathering metadata regarding the presentation by the presentation software, evaluating the metadata regarding the presentation and determining at least one presentation constraint parameter by the presentation software, and automatically arranging and/or selecting slides and/or modifying a content of slides according to the determined at least one presentation constraint parameter to be presented by use of the presentation software.

Nowadays, one of industry's main concerns is about effectively communicating with both internal and external audiences. Frequently, electronic presentations are used for communicating to efficiently provide information to the respective audience. Presentations may be built on various technologies, but are all meant to communicate a variety of information to a variety of auditors.
To increase the efficiency of communication, it is desired to exploit a single presentation in different ways depending on the current circumstances at the moment when the presentation is held. These circumstances include the persons forming the audience, i.e., depending on their technical background or forming part of company internals or externals, as well as available time for holding the presentation. For example, a company's strategy is communicated differently to internal employees than to business partners or to customers. Also technical background information is usually omitted when providing information for marketing purposes. Such cases refer to entire slides as well as to a partial content of slides.
Accordingly, a presentation may require updating depending on the above given considerations. This implies that certain information is shown or not shown to the audience or provided in a different way. This requires that slides of the presentation have to be rearranged or omitted, and/or the content of a slide has to be modified. One approach is modifying a presentation each time it is shown depending on the above circumstances. This requires a huge amount of manual work each time the presentation has to be shown under different circumstances.
Another approach is maintaining a set of similar presentations covering the same topic, taking into account the above considerations. Therefore, when the presentation has to be modified, the entire set of presentations has to be modified, which is time-consuming and easily leads to inconsistencies between the different presentations.
It is further known in the art, e.g. from the U.S. Pat. No. 7,512,887 B2 to assign one or more presentation constraint parameters to the slides of a presentation, so that all slides can be kept in one presentation, but are presented to the audience depending on the constraint parameter. This has still the drawback that the constraint parameter has to be set manually by a person holding the presentation and is easily forgotten to be updated. Accordingly, there is certain probability that a presentation will be shown, which is not provided for the present audience. Also dynamic modifications of the presentation are not possible.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION


A treatment system including a first tubular having at least one port therein. A valve member is disposed with the first tubular and operatively arranged to control fluid flow through the at least one port. A second tubular is disposed radially within the first tubular and terminates at an end opening into an interior passage of the first tubular for enabling a treatment media to be supplied through the second tubular into the first tubular, and through the at least one port when the at least one port is open. A seal assembly is disposed between the first and second tubulars for fluidly sealing an annulus formed between the first and second tubulars from the end of the second tubular. A tool is disposed with the second tubular for controlling operation of the valve member.

Fracturing and other formation treatment operations are ubiquitous in the downhole drilling and completions industry. In many fracturing operations a work string is run within an outer tubular string and includes a tool for controlling the operation of one or more valves to selectively permit fluid communication between the interior and exterior of the tubular string. These tools are widely used, taking a variety of forms, and are generally sufficient for performing the tasks for which they were designed. However, as with most technology, these tools may have deficiencies, tradeoffs, or limitations, such as requiring the valve to remain open while reversing out proppant slurry, the need to move the tool in both the downhole and the up-hole directions to close the valve after the fracturing or treatment, and so on. The industry is always desirous of alternatives in downhole treatment systems, specifically hydraulic fracturing systems, and would well receive new systems to alleviate the aforementioned and other drawbacks in currently used systems.


In one general aspect, an apparatus can include a leadframe including a plurality of leads configured to provide electrical connections for the apparatus. The apparatus can also include a semiconductor die disposed on the leadframe and a conductive clip electrically coupling the semiconductor die with the leadframe. The apparatus can further include a heat slug disposed on the conductive clip. The heat slug can include a thermally conductive and electrically insulative material.

In general, metal (e.g., copper) heat slugs can be included in semiconductor device assemblies (e.g., package or module) to conduct heat produced (during operation) by one or more semiconductor die (or other electronic components) included in the semiconductor assembly to a surrounding (external) environment of the assembly, such as to a heat sink, cooling jacket, etc. that can be coupled with assembly. However, such metal (copper) heat slugs can have certain drawbacks. For instance, a metal heat slug can electrically connect (e.g., electrically short) to the semiconductor die (e.g., to electrical nodes of the semiconductor device assembly), such as through a conductive clip on which the heat slug can be disposed. Such electrical connections between the heat slug and the semiconductor die can cause electrical shorts between the semiconductor die and other components in a related electrical system, which is undesirable. Further, an area (e.g., externally exposed area) of a metal heat slug may be limited to prevent undesired electrical connections (e.g., electrical shorts) within a semiconductor device assembly (e.g., due to interference with wire bonds, etc.), which can, in turn, limit the thermal dissipation capabilities of the assembly.

SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS INDUSTRIES, LLC


A motor-assisted power steering apparatus includes a DC motor which is fixed to a heat conductive frame, a torque sensor for detecting steering torque and a control circuit for controlling current supplied to the motor. The control circuit includes a first unit disposed in a space defined by the frame and a commutator of the motor and a second unit disposed outside the motor. The first unit includes multiple switching elements connected to the motor, and the second unit includes a microprocessor for setting motor current, a current detecting unit for detecting current supplied to the motor, a current control unit for providing duty ratio signals and a gate driving circuit for driving the switching elements according to the duty ratio signals.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a motor-assisted power steering apparatus for a vehicle.
2. Description of the Related Art
A recent motor-assisted steering apparatus requires more electric power as it has been adopted to popular cars which have become bigger and heavier.
In such a motor-assisted steering apparatus, because the motor control circuit is disposed on a radially outside portion of the motor, the switching elements in the control circuit are located remote from the brushes of the motor. Thus, the electric resistances of wires connecting the brushes and switching elements are substantial and cause temperature rise of the controller, which in turn causes insufficient performance of the motor and radiation of electric noise.
In order to prevent the temperature rise, it is necessary to control the current flowing in the lead wires by detecting temperatures of the lead wires, switching elements and brushes. This necessitates many temperature sensors and increases the production cost.


A method of manufacturing a large double-sided curved Fresnel lens. The method includes a machining step (A) of performing ultra-precise three-dimensional machining on an upper mold and a lower mold to each have an upper transfer surface and a lower transfer surface engaging an upper surface and a lower surface of a thermoplastic resin plate, respectively. Further, the method includes a hot press molding step (B) of pressing the thermoplastic resin plate between the upper and lower molds by a predetermined pressure with the resin plate being held at a temperature higher than a softening temperature thereof and lower than a melting temperature thereof so that the thermoplastic resin plate is curved, and both lens surfaces for the double-sided Fresnel lens are respectively transferred to an upper surface and a lower surface of the thermoplastic resin plate.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for manufacturing a large, double-sided, curved Fresnel lens that has a Fresnel groove on each surface.
2. Description of the Related Art
FIG. 1A schematically shows a large, double-sided, curved Fresnel lens. It is proposed to use an optical system having two large, double-sided, curved Fresnel lenses 2 and 2′ for imaging in-order to observe light (Cherenkov radiant ray) generated from high-energy particles at the time the high-energy particles fall in the atmosphere from outside the earth. By observing Cherenkov radiant ray, it is possible to measure strength, a wavelength and energy of an elementary particle that falls to the earth.
The large, double-sided, curved Fresnel lenses 2 and 2′ are launched together with a space shuttle into a stationary orbit of the earth to observe elementary particles at the range corresponding to the area of a diameter of about 600 km on the earth's surface. A very wide-sighted refractive optical system that can measure elementary particles includes two large, double-sided, curved Fresnel lenses 2 and 2′ each of which has a diameter of 2500 mm. One Fresnel lens 2 includes two spherical surfaces S1 and S2 that have radii of 4099 mm and that are separated from each other by the distance of 20 mm in the optical axis direction. Fresnel grooves are formed on the surfaces S1 and S2, respectively.
The other Fresnel lens 2′ includes two spherical surfaces S4 and S5 that have radii of 2555 mm and that are separated from each other by the distance of 20 mm in the optical axis direction. Fresnel grooves are formed on the surfaces S4 and S5.
In order to manufacture the large, double-sided, curved Fresnel lenses 2 and 2′ having the diameters of 2500 mm, it is necessary to prepare a ultra-precise machining apparatus having a large rotary table of which diameter is no smaller than 2500 mm. Further, in the future, when a further larger, double-sided, curved Fresnel lens is required, the ultra-precise machining apparatus has to be made larger in size. In addition, a reinforcing tool needs to be attached to the large lens to increase the lens strength. Therefore, it is not easy and realistic to develop such a large ultra-precise machining apparatus.
For this reason, as schematically shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, it is assumed to divide the large, double-sided, curved Fresnel lenses 2 and 2′ into a plurality of segment lenses 3. That is, it can be considered to manufacture a predetermined number of segment lenses 3 having specific sizes. In this example, three or four types of segment lenses 3 needs to be manufactured.
Specifically, in the example of FIG. 1A, each of the two lenses 2 and 2′ are assembled by arranging a center lens 4 having a diameter of 1500 mm, twenty-four inside tablet slice segment lenses 3 and twenty-four outside tablet slice segment lenses 3 each of which corresponds to a circle part equally divided from one circle by 15 degrees. In this manner, by manufacturing small components and putting them together, it is possible to ease transportation difficulty arising when one large Fresnel lens is manufactured.
One tablet slice segment lens 3 needs to be formed such that the back sides 5a and 6a of the Fresnel lens surfaces 5 and 6 have uniform heights of 1 mm, and the segment lens 3 needs to have an entirely uniform thickness "t" of 20 mm in the direction of the lens optical axis Z. Further, the lens 3 needs to have an entire shape of a surface of revolution around the optical axis Z, and the optical axis Z of the Fresnel surface at the front side needs to conform to the optical axis Z of the Fresnel surface at the back side. Additionally, the height of the back sides 5a and 6a of the lens 3 is indicated by "h" of FIG. 1C.
Furthermore, the Fresnel lens is required to have high transparency, highly precise Fresnel lens groove, and high lens quality because of its use application.
The Fresnel lens has the structure in which refractive surfaces are distributed to narrow band-shaped regions with the refractive surfaces being flat. Since the outline of the Fresnel lens is thin plate-shaped, it is advantageous to make good use of a small volume and light weight of the Fresnel lens. A mold having Fresnel lens transfer groove engraved on the flat surface thereof is used together with a flat plate for sandwiching a Fresnel lens material between the mold and the flat plate to fabricate the Fresnel lens by heat pressing. Accordingly, the Fresnel lens is formed on the one side surface of the material.
Recently, in order to take more advantage of characteristics of the thin plate-shaped Fresnel lens and more freely design the Fresnel lens, it has been desired to form the Fresnel lenses on both sides of a curved plate. Two plate materials each of which has the Fresnel lens surface on one side thereof are combined to each other on the other flat surfaces thereof to assemble a thin, flat, double-sided, plate-shaped Fresnel lens.
However, there has not been a mold by which the Fresnel grooves are formed on both sides of a curved plate. Accordingly, it has been difficult to produce a curved lens having Fresnel grooves on both sides thereof.

Method and apparatus for manufacturing large double-sided curved Fresnel lens


The present invention discloses a push-out limiting mechanism and a display screen module, wherein the push-out limiting mechanism has a first mounting component which comprises a first mounting base, a plug connector arranged in the first mounting base and a first elastic member for electrically jumping the plug connector on the first mounting base; and a second mounting component which comprises a second mounting base, a plugging base arranged in the second mounting base and a second elastic member for connecting the second mounting base and the plugging base; the plug connector is vertical to a movement direction of the plugging base; and the plug connector has a first plugging part, and the plugging base has a second plugging part matched with the first plugging part. The push-out limiting mechanism has good buffering and pulling effects.

A display screen module generally comprises a display screen frame and a display screen body, the display screen body is detachably fixed in the display screen frame, a maintainer needs to remove the display screen body from the display screen frame along a depth direction of the display screen frame when the display screen body is disassembled, and then the display screen body can be separated from the display screen frame. Moreover, in the process that the display screen body is removed from the display screen frame, because of the inertance of the display screen body, the technique of the maintainer and other problems, the display screen body can generally move a long distance along the depth direction of the display screen frame to affect the operation of the maintainer. Moreover, since the mistaken operation of the maintainer sometimes can further damage the display screen body, the reason is that the existing display screen module is lack of a push-out limiting mechanism for buffering and pulling the display screen body.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a push-out limiting mechanism having buffering and pulling effects, and a display screen module having the push-out limiting mechanism.

Push-out limiting mechanism and display screen module


A fluorochemical graft copolymer comprising: a base polymer comprising polymerized units derived from monomers having terminal olefinic double bonds, having a moiety comprising a fluoroaliphatic group grafted thereto. Also disclosed are processes for preparing such fluorochemical graft copolymers, forming and annealing methods for enhancing the surface activity of such a graft copolymer, polymer blends comprising such a fluorochemical graft copolymer and a matrix polymer that is miscible with the base polymer, and a method for reducing the surface energy of a polymer comprising polymerized units derived from monomers having terminal olefinic double bonds.

1. Technical Field
This invention relates to continuous processes using wiped-surface reactors for free radical graft polymerization of polyolefins, and to graft copolymers thereby produced. In another aspect, this invention relates to polymerizable olefins containing fluoroaliphatic groups, and copolymers thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
Processing or production of polymeric resins using wiped-surface reactors such as screw extruders and twin screw extruders is well known (such processing is often called reactive extrusion). Twin screw extruders and their use in continuous processes such as graft polymerization, alloying, bulk polymerization of vinyl monomers, and condensation and addition reactions are generally described in Plastics Compounding Jan./Feb. 1986, pp. 44-53 (Eise et al.) and Plastics Compounding, Sept./Oct. 1986, pp. 24-39 (Frund et al.). Graft reactions are said to be carried out by first melting a polymeric species in the initial stages of an extruder, injecting a peroxide catalyst into the extruder, and mixing in a monomer under high shear conditions. Advantages of the twin screw extrusion process are said to include narrow distribution of molecular weight, improved melt-flow properties, consistent process control, and continuous processing.
Graft polymerization reactions of polyolefins with various monomers using wiped-surface reactors are known. Such grafting is said to be useful in providing a polymer adduct with functionality to allow further modification of structure and properties. General mechanistic proposals regarding formation of these "mechanochemically synthesized" adducts are discussed in connection with grafting of maleic anhydride onto polypropylene in Polymer Prep., 1986, 27, 89 (Al-Malaika).
A number of particular free radical graft polymerization reactions have been reported. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,177,270 (Jones et al.) discloses a process for preparing graft copolymers by mixing an olefin polymer at a temperature between 110.degree. C. and 250.degree. C. while contacting the polymer with a minor proportion of a mixture comprising a monovinyl aromatic compound and optionally one or more other monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, methacrylonitrile, or maleic anhydride, the mixture having dissolved therein an organic peroxide.
British Pat. No. 1,292,693 (Steinkamp et al.) discloses use of a single-screw extruder to graft monomers such as maleic anhydride and acrylic acid onto polyolefins such as polypropylene in the presence of a suitable free radical initiator such as an organic peroxide. The product graft copolymers are said to have a melt flow rate (MFR) of at least 50% greater than the MFR of the base polymer.
U.S Pat. No. 4,003,874 (Ide et al.) discloses modified polyolefins obtained by adding an unsaturated carboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof and an organic peroxide to a polyolefin and melting these components in an extruder. The polyolefin so obtained is said to adhere to glass fibers.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,146,529 (Yamamoto et al.) discloses a process for production of modified polyolefins by combining a polyolefin with one or more carboxylic acids or their anhydrides in an extruder in the presence of a radical producing agent and an organosilane.
U.S. Pat No. 4,228,255 (Fujimoto et al.) discloses a method for crosslinking a polyolefin, the polyolefin being a low density polyethylene or a polyolefin mixture containing a low density polyethylene, comprising reacting the polyolefin with an organic silane and an organic free radical initiator to form a silane-grafted polyolefin, then mixing the silane-grafted polyolefin with a silanol condensation catalyst. The mixture is extruded with heating in a single-screw extruder to provide a crosslinked polyethylene.

Graft copolymers containing fluoroaliphatic groups

Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company


A Y/C separation apparatus separating a luminance signal and a chrominance signal from a composite color television signal includes a high band level detection circuits for detecting a high band level of each input signal and a judge circuit for controlling Y/C separation and selects one of filters to pass the input signal according to the high band levels detected by the high band level detection circuits and controls a separated chrominance signal component. As a result, when the high band level is small, a horizontal BPF is selected and even when the input signal is a black or white video signal without chrominance signal, dot interference is not conspicuous.

The present invention relates to a Y/C (luminance/chrominance) separation apparatus for separating a luminance signal and a chrominance signal from a composite color television signal.
According to recent digital processing techniques, a Y/C separation apparatus for separating a luminance signal and a chrominance signal from a composite color television signal is used.
For example, an adaptive type Y/C separation apparatus selecting a plurality of filters according to correlation between a reference signal and a signal near the reference signal in the horizontal or vertical direction as described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open 7-298291.
A Y/C separation apparatus in accordance with the prior art is explained below, referring to the drawing.
FIG. 6 is an example of a block diagram of Y/C separation apparatus in accordance with the prior art.
In FIG. 6, the blocks 601 and 602 are a first delay device and a second delay device delaying each input signal (composite signal) by one horizontal scanning period (lH, hereafter), respectively. The block 603 is a first chrominance signal bandpass filter (first BPF, hereafter) for extracting a chrominance signal from the output of delay device 601. The block 604 is a first comb filter for extracting a chrominance signal from the input signal and the output of delay device 601. The block 605 is a second comb filter for extracting a chrominance signal from the output signals of delay devices 601 and 602. The block 606 is a first correlation detection circuit for detecting a correlation between the input signal and the output signal of delay device 601. The block 607 is a second correlation detection circuit for detecting a correlation between the output signals of delay devices 601 and 602. The block 608 is a mixer for mixing the outputs of the filters 603, 604 and 605 according to the correlation results of correlation detection circuits 606 and 607. The block 609 is a second chrominance signal bandpass filter (second BPF, hereafter) for limiting a bandwidth of the output of mixer 608. The block 610 is a subtracter for outputting a luminance signal by subtracting a chrominance signal which is an output of second BPF 609 from the input signal delayed by 1H.
In the prior art described here, the signal is processed taking an input signal delayed by 1H as a center. Here, let us call the input signal delayed by 1H a reference signal.
The function of the Y/C separation apparatus composed like the above is explained below. The inputted composite signal is delayed at delay devices 601 and 602. The output of delay device 601 is defined as a reference signal. Comb filters 604 and 605 are composed by making differences between the reference signal and the signals apart from the reference signal by 1H, ahead and behind. The comb filters separate chrominance signal components by subtracting the signals apart from the reference signal by 1H from the reference signal.
A chrominance signal component of the reference signal is extracted by making the reference signal pass through first BPF 603. Correlation detection circuits 606 and 607 detect correlations (called vertical correlation) between the reference signal and the signals apart from the reference signal by 1H, ahead and behind (geometrically locates up and down the reference signal position)
Correlation is detected, for example, by filtering the absolute value of the difference between chrominance signal components of two signals and comparing the filtered output with a designated value. Mixer 608 selects a chrominance signal from the outputs of comb filters 604 and 605 and first BPF 603 according to the outputs of correlation detection circuits 606 and 607. That is, mixer 608 selects an output of comb filter 604 when a correlation between the reference signal and the signal ahead by 1H (one horizontal scanning period) exists, selects an output of comb filter 605 when a correlation between the reference signal and the signal behind by 1H exists and selects an output of first BPF 603 when neither correlation ahead nor behind exists. Thus, a signal passed an optimum filter is outputted according to the correlation between the reference signal and the signals ahead and behind by 1H.
Further, a chrominance signal can be outputted from second BPF 609 having a bandwidth for a chrominance signal by filtering the output of mixer 608. A luminance signal can be outputted from subtracter 610 by subtracting the above-described chrominance signal from the signal time compensated by delaying from the input signal by 1H.
However, according to the above composition, in the case in which a comb filter is adapted by misdetecting at correlation detection, for example, when the reference signal is only a luminance signal without chrominance component, a dot interference occurs and it is conspicuous.

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


A method for rectangular cropping including the steps of: (i) providing a sequence of images on a graphical interface device; (ii) analyzing each pixel in the first image included in the sequence of images; (iii) locating a boundary between the background of the first image and the border of the first image; (iv) determining the degree off true horizontal of the first image; (v) rotating the first image based on the determining step; (vi) applying a cropping operation to the first image; and (vii) automatically applying the cropping operation to each other image in the sequence of images.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to digital image processing and more particularly to digital image processing performed, at least in part, with human aesthetic input.
2. Description of the Related Art
Methods exist to enable manual straightening and manual rectangular cropping of digital images in many popular image editing programs such as Google Picasa (the terms Google and/or Picasa may be subject to trademark rights in the US and/or internationally), but these operations are generally limited to editing one image at a time. High-end commercial versions of professional image editing programs feature an automatic straightening tool, which is capable of analyzing pixels within a digital image to permit "true horizontal" alignment, by detecting the horizon in an image's background, or detecting sea level, and calculating the angle of difference from the true horizontal perspective. The image is then adjusted by the same angular amount, resulting in the automatic straightening of the single image. Rectangular cropping of sections of a digital image, however, is not typically automated, since too often it depends on the personal preference of the user.
It is conventional for image editing software to allow a human user to manually select a portion of a larger digital image, and then crop the image based on the selection manually made by the user. It is also conventional for digital image editing software to allow human users to manually create macros and/or scripts by recording operations performed by the user on a given image and later applying the recorded macro to other images. For example, an editing macro can be defined such that each digital image in a batch is cropped at a specific location coordinates within each image of the batch, but these predetermined location coordinates may not be suitable or desirable for all images in the batch.
Automatic cropping of digital images is also conventional. For example, US patent application 2006/0228044 ("Yeh") discloses a method for automatically cropping image objects. In the Yeh method, an object contour detecting step written into computer software detects an image object contour with a Modified Laplacian Contour Detector to generate a binary image. The automatic cropping of the single image is based on the automatic, algorithm based image detection.
US patent application 2007/0076979 ("Zhang") discloses a cropping system that automatically crops an image by selecting an image template whose condition is best satisfied by the image and then by selecting a cropping of the image that best attains the goal of the selected image template. The cropping is based on automatic, algorithm-based, software-implemented detection of a face area and/or an attended area.
US patent application 2007/0201765 ("DuBois") discloses an image processing system that allows a user to upload a digital image in an initial frame size and indicate the desired finished print size. The DuBois system then searches for the presence and location of an area of interest in the digital image. Upon determining the location of the area of interest through the use of an algorithm, the system then calculates a crop border size and placement based on this software-based determination.
US patent application 2008/0181512 ("Gavin") discloses an image editing system that detects regions of the image representing faces, stores the data representing the coordinates of the faces as points of interest, receives user input adding additional points of interest, determines the portion of the image containing the maximum number of points of interest that will fit within the crop area, and crops the image. The combination of data representing manually user-specified portions of an image is referred to, in Gavin, as a point of interest. These points of interest may take the shape of a square, rectangle, or other quadrilateral, a circle, an ellipse, or any other closed two-dimensional shape. A user operates a client computer to manage and manipulate points of interest on a computer image. The user can add, reposition, and resize points of interest through the graphical user interface. Software may also automatically detects points of interest by using algorithms such as face detection and feature recognition. The software-detected points of interest are also presented to the user in a graphical fashion, allowing the user to adjust or deleted the automatically-detected points of interest manually. Once these points of interest have been finally determined, they are stored in a along with the digital image and used appropriately as the image is displayed in different contexts. It is noted that the Gavin points of interest are only disclosed to be used with the particular, identical image that was used to manually determine or adjust them, and are not disclosed to be used in connection with other images in a batch of images.
Other publications which may be of possible interest include: (i) U.S. Pat. No. 7,162,102 ("Cahill"); (ii) U.S. Pat. No. 7,269,292 ("Steinberg"); (iii) US patent application 2007/0057815 ("Foy"); (iv) International patent application WO2006050395 ("Abnet"); (v) article entitled "Automatic Thumbnail Cropping and its Effectiveness" ("Suh Article"); (vi) article entitled "Detection of Near-Duplicate Images For Web search" ("Foo Article"); (vii) article entitled "Efficient Near-Duplicate Detections and Sub-Image Retrieval" ("Ke Article"); and/or (xiii) US patent application 2006/0153470 ("Simon").
Description Of the Related Art Section Disclaimer: To the extent that specific publications are discussed above in this Description of the Related Art Section, these discussions should not be taken as an admission that the discussed publications (for example, published patents) are prior art for patent law purposes. For example, some or all of the discussed publications may not be sufficiently early in time, may not reflect subject matter developed early enough in time and/or may not be sufficiently enabling so as to amount to prior art for patent law purposes. To the extent that specific publications are discussed above in this Description of the Related Art Section, they are all hereby incorporated by reference into this document in their respective entirety(ies).

International Business Machines Corporation


An apparatus having an accessory carrier that slides along an exercise rack and repositions an accessory through one-handed operation. A stationary handle fixedly mounts to the accessory carrier by first spacers. A moving handle mounts to the accessory carrier by second spacers. Each second spacer includes a barrel having an open end a closed end. A shaft extends through the barrel and the closed end and is mounted to the moving handle. As the moving handle moves to an engaged position, a pin end of the shaft slides out of the open end of the barrel and engages the exercise rack. This engagement prevents relative movement of the accessory carrier with respect to the exercise rack and fixes the accessory carrier at a selected position. A biasing member biases the moving handle to automatically engage the pin end and lock the accessory carrier in place.

In the description that follows, the term "exercise rack" is used broadly to include any sort of structure intended to support exercise weights, including squat racks, press racks, and the like. Certain exercise racks include left and right vertical members with pairs of mounting locations provided along the length of the vertical members for mounting accessories to the vertical members. For example, bar catch accessories for supporting an exercise bar, such as a barbell, provided with or without weights, may be placed onto the exercise rack. The and left and right bar catches are mounted to the vertical members and may be moved to various mounting locations to support the barbell at various heights. The height of the bar may need to be adjusted based on the type of exercise being performed. For example, the exercise bar may be placed at a low position in the rack with respect to the floor surface and used for bench press exercises. At other times, the exercise bar may be placed at a higher position in the rack with respect to the floor surface and used for squats or overhead press exercises. In addition to transitioning from one type of exercise to another, another reason that the bar might be moved from a first vertical position to a second vertical position on the rack is to accommodate multiple users of the rack that are of varying heights. Other accessories, such as safety bars, may also be mounted to the vertical members of the exercise rack. These bars are often used to support a loaded barbell during rest periods, such as between sets, and also to catch the bar in an accidental drop.
One problem with mounting accessories to an exercise rack using the methods described above is that vertically adjusting the accessory is time consuming. Vertically adjusting the accessory often requires that the accessory be disconnected from the vertical members, repositioned, and then reconnected to the vertical members. This can be a difficult and dangerous process, which could result in the accessory being dropped and or damaged in the process. Another problem is that only the bar catches and safety bars can be mounted to the vertical members of the exercise rack, and other accessories cannot typically be mounted to the rack. Thus, the vertical members provided limited utility.
Accordingly, what is needed is an exercise rack and accessory mount that provides for faster and safer vertical adjustment of an accessory on the rack and that allows for greater flexibility in the types of accessories that can be mounted to the rack.

Spring release for exercise rack accessory mount


A red brick comprising waste foundry sand of 30.about.50 wt %, dusts of 5.about.10 wt %, and a remainder of clay. The waste foundry sand and dusts can be efficiently recycled, and the quantity of the sand used, the supply of which sand which is nearly exhausted, can be reduced. The heating temperature in the red brick manufacturing process is remarkably lowered, and the economical efficiency of the manufacturing process is improved greatly by using iron oxide included in dusts, instead of a chemical compound to obtain desired color.

The present invention relates to a red brick and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a red brick formed primarily of waste foundry sand discharged from a foundry and dusts discharged from a steel factory, and to a method for manufacturing the same.
The main ingredients of a red brick are clay and sand. The sand is used for preventing contraction and cracks of the bricks and maintaining the strength of the same. However, efforts to reduce the quantity of sand used for manufacturing the red bricks or to search for a substitute for the sand are necessary since sand is in continuously increasing in demand and the supply is being exhausted.
The waste foundry sand is about 9.about.10 in a pH level and contains SiO.sub.2 (about 97%) as a main component and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, etc, as other small amount components. However, the waste foundry sand contains materials such as Pb, Cu, Cd, As and Cr, etc, which are undesirable or harmful components. It is not easy to eliminate those harmful components. Also, if elimination cost of the undesirable components of the waste foundry sand exceeds a certain level, the economical efficiency of manufacturing industries which use the waste foundry sand is considerably lowered.
At present, most waste foundry sand is disposed of by being buried, which causes a serious shortage in burial land. Specific waste foundry sand containing harmful components such as Pb and Cu, etc, must be disposed under the relevant waste disposal laws in order to prevent an environmental pollution caused by heavy metals. Otherwise, general waste foundry sand which does not include the heavy metals must be recycled without being buried. However, there is no desirable way for utilizing the general waste foundry sand.
Also, one of the industrial wastes discharged in large quantities is the dusts discharged from a steel factory. The main components of these dusts are Fe, C, and limestone, etc. The recycling rate of these dusts is very low at present, and it is difficult to secure burial land as in the case of waste foundry sand. Research study into an application method of recycled products which can be manufactured at a low cost without causing environmental pollution is keenly necessary due to a secondarily caused pollution and excessive processing costs, even though the dusts are recycled.
Meanwhile, in conventional processing for manufacturing red brick, a heating temperature should be raised up to 1300.degree. C. In this case, the economical efficiency of the manufacturing processing is very poor since about 13 hours at that temperature are needed and about 240 liters of fuel oil is consumed to raise that temperature, and about 25 hours are needed to cool the bricks. A reduction process is generally performed in order to make the bricks exhibit a desirable color. Since installation for the reduction process is very complicated and the costs for manufacturing the red bricks are very high, the economical efficiency of the red brick manufacturing industry is very poor.

Red brick and method for manufacturing the same


A location validation system comprising a communication interface configured to receive an asserted location of a wireless communication device and a processing system configured to determine a trusted location of the wireless communication device, receive the asserted location from the communication interface, compare the asserted location to the trusted location, and generate a notification if the asserted location differs from the trusted location.

As technology has developed, the functionality available in wireless communication devices has increased dramatically. Many wireless communication devices and systems now have integrated location determination capabilities which allow system operators to determine the physical location of users who place 911 emergency calls.
In addition to being useful for emergency calls, other applications can benefit from the widespread implementation of location determination capabilities. Law enforcement can use the capabilities to identify the location of a person of interest. In commercial environments, vendors may be required to verify that customers making certain types of purchases are either inside or outside specific regions. The continuing migration to ecommerce means fewer transactions take place face-to-face and vendors may have a need to verify the physical location of their customers, particularly when the purchase involves electronic goods.
In order to circumvent these uses of location determination features, users may be motivated to cause their wireless communication device to incorrectly report location information. In addition, some system operators and service providers may simply want an efficient means of validating a user's location in order to facilitate the offering of location based services. Consequently, system operators, vendors, law enforcement, and others have a need to validate the location being reported by a user's wireless communication device.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A speaker is provided. The speaker includes: a vibration unit; a magnetic circuit unit configured to drive the vibration unit to vibrate and emit sound, and a frame for fixing the magnetic circuit unit. The magnetic circuit unit includes a magnetic frame and a magnet received in the magnetic frame. The magnetic frame comprises a bottom wall connected to the magnet, a side wall formed by extending from the bottom wall while being bent towards the vibration unit, and a positioning boss formed by extending from an outer side of the side wall towards the frame. The positioning boss is positioned to abut against a surface of the frame facing away from the vibration unit. Compared with the related art, the speaker is more convenient in assembling.

With the advent of the mobile Internet era, the number of smart mobile devices continues to rise. Among the numerous mobile devices, mobile phones are undoubtedly the most common and portable mobile terminal devices. At present, functions of the mobile phones are extremely diverse, one of which is high-quality music. Therefore, speakers for playing sound are widely used in today's smart mobile devices.
In the related art, a speaker includes a frame, and a magnetic circuit unit and a vibration unit that are received in the frame. The magnetic circuit unit is used to drive the vibration unit to vibrate and emit sound. The magnetic circuit unit includes a magnetic frame and a magnet mounted on the magnetic frame and forms a magnetic gap with the magnetic frame. The vibration unit includes a diaphragm for vibrating and emitting sound, and a voice coil. The voice coil has one end connected to the diaphragm and another end inserted into the magnetic gap. By applying a current to the voice coil, the voice coil vibrates by being subjected to the Lorentz force in the magnetic field, and drives the diaphragm to vibrate and emit sound.
However, the speaker in the related art does not have any positioning structure on the magnetic frame, so that it is uneasy to determine a position of the magnetic frame during assembly. Once the assembling position of the magnetic frame is deviated, a relative position between the magnet and the voice coil will change, thereby affecting the sound emission effect of the speaker.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new speaker to solve the above problems.

Speaker with holder having engaging groove


In an apparatus comprising: an evaporator 1 for boiling and evaporating a cold/heat evaporable liquid under a reduced pressure; a condenser 2 for condensing vapor; a cold/heat indirect heat exchanger 6 at a load 14 side; a cooling heat exchanger 11 using the air; cold-heat circulation means 5 and 7 for circulating a cold/heat evaporable liquid in the evaporator to the cold/heat indirect heat exchanger; cooling circulation means 10 and 12 for circulating a cooling evaporable liquid in the condenser to the cooling heat exchanger; and a vapor compressor 20 provided in a vapor duct 19 extending from the evaporator to the condenser, a running cost is reduced when a temperature at the condenser side becomes lower than a temperature at the evaporator side due to a drop in air temperature, without a rise in a temperature of the cold/heat evaporable liquid. The vapor duct 19 is provided with a bypass vapor path 22 for bypassing the vapor compressor. The bypass vapor path is provided with an on-off valve 23. When a temperature at the condenser side becomes lower than a temperature at the evaporator side, the vapor compressor is shut down and the on-off valve is opened.

Patent Document 1 as a related art sets forth:
"An evaporation cooling apparatus including: an evaporator for boiling and evaporating a cold/heat evaporable liquid such as water under a lower pressure than an air pressure; a condenser for condensing vapor generated in the evaporator by a cooling evaporable liquid such as water; a cold/heat indirect heat exchanger installed at a load side such as a site to be cooled with air conditioning; a cooling heat exchanger using the air as a cooling source; a cold/heat circulation means for circulating a cold/heat evaporable liquid in the evaporator to the cold/heat indirect heat exchanger; and a cooling circulation means for circulating a cooling evaporable liquid in the condenser to the cooling heat exchanger, further including a vapor compressor such as a Roots compressor in a vapor duct extending from the evaporator to the condenser.
In the evaporation cooling apparatus of the related art, a cold/heat evaporable liquid is cooled by boiling and evaporation in the evaporator to a specific temperature required at the load side such as a site to be cooled with air conditioning, and the vapor generated through boiling and evaporation is guided to the condenser and then condensed by a cooling evaporable liquid using the air as a cooling source. The vapor generated in the evaporator is compressed by the vapor compressor into the condenser, whereby it is possible to cause a larger difference in temperature by a compression ratio between the evaporator and the condenser, as compared with the case where the vapor compressor is not used. Accordingly, even in the case where an air temperature as a cooling source is high, a temperature of a refrigerant evaporable liquid that is supplied to the load side can be lowered than an air temperature by a temperature difference equivalent to the compression ratio.
In the case of using a Roots compressor as the vapor compressor, for example, a compression ratio of vapor can be obtained with a temperature difference of about 15° C. As a result, it is possible to cool down reliably an evaporable liquid supplied to the load side to a low temperature of about 17 to 20° C., even if a temperature of the cooling evaporable liquid cooled by the air as a cooling source for the cooling heat exchanger, that is, a temperature of the cooling evaporable liquid supplied to the condenser reaches 32 to 35° at a maximum in the summer season or the like.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-97989


A bicycle handlebar bar end for attachment to a handlebar on a bicycle includes a continuous wall section which extends continuously and completely around the handlebar from one side to the other of a tubular body member of the bar end without any gaps or spaces therebetween. A slot in the center of the tubular body member of the bar end provides a means for reducing the diameter of the central opening formed by the continuous wall section for attaching and tightening the bar end onto the end of the handlebar.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to bicycle handlebar bar ends for attachment to a handlebar on a bicycle.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
On a traditional two-wheel bicycle, the front wheel is of course controlled through the use of a handlebar attached to the front steering fork. On bicycles designed primarily for road riding and in particular for racing, the handlebar is commonly comprised of a generally horizontal tubular member which provides a first pair of gripping surfaces for the rider's hands, and attached to the extreme ends of the handlebar are bar ends which provide a second pair of gripping surfaces. The first pair of gripping surfaces are used in situations where the rider desires to ride in a relatively upright posture. The second pair of gripping surfaces are normally positioned forward of the first set, the second set of gripping surfaces being used when the rider desires to ride in a relatively crouched position. The upright position enables the rider to exert maximum power to the pedals for starting a race while the crouched position reduces drag due to air resistance when riding at higher speeds.
The bar ends are commonly tubular members having a clamping means for attaching the bar end to the ends of the tubular handlebar. In prior art bar ends the clamping means for attaching the bar ends to the handlebar has typically consisted of a common C-clamp formed by a wall portion which extends from one side of the tubular portion of the bar end around the handlebar. The handlebar is inserted through a substantially cylindrical opening formed by the wrap-around wall portion of the bar end. The end of the wrap-around wall portion is spaced apart slightly from the opposite side of the tubular portion of the bar end. The end of the wrap-around wall portion is normally fastened to the tubular portion of the bar end with a common threaded fastener. Tightening the fastener causes a compression of the space between the end of the wrap-around wall portion and the tubular portion of the bar end which in turn causes a reduction in the diameter of the cylindrical opening to thereby attach and tighten the bar end onto the end of the handlebar.
In such prior art bar ends it is the end of the wrap-around wall portion of the C-clamp which defects the most. Consequently, the clamping force is concentrated mostly on a small area at the end of the wrap-around wall portion. This concentrated force causes some handlebars to become deformed, which is of course aesthetically undesirable particularly on a new bicycle, and in some cases where the handlebar is made of a lightweight composite material the handlebar has been known to fail because of cracking of the composite material.
An improved handlebar bar end is therefore desired.


User friendly magnification system with varying/optical powers of magnification, 5.0 fold, 10.0 fold, 15.0 fold, 20.0 fold. Magnifying screen protector system, designed for smart phone applications, android applications, galaxy applications, touch-pad applications, tablet applications, blackberry applications generally all mobile devices, wherein the magnifying screen and case are impregnated with conductive material during the manufacturing process which allows and promotes the user's gloved hands/fingers to mimic touch of human skin for nuance, and for tactile control capacitive touch screen devices.

Competition and advances in technology are staggering among the plethora of industries and specialized niche based platforms. Consumers in all walks of life are inundated with mobile devices that enhance and optimize our way of life. Visually compromised people are more susceptible and challenged by the decreased size in digital display with the majority of hand held devices. Those individuals are no longer unique to such challenges because technology continues to embrace the principles of smaller and lighter is better. Even those who are visually sound and unimpaired, discover in general, the difficulty in legibility with most hand held devices digital display. Technology has developed magnification properties available within the software of many devices, but not all applications and functions are capable of magnification. This invention will captivate all audiences by catering to those consumers who are visually acute or visually compromised.

Mobile phone/mobile device magnifying screen protector and mobile phone/mobile device magnifying case


In a light emitting display apparatus requiring power supply lines, excellent uniformity in display luminance is provided over a relatively large screen by disposing at least one of input terminals for the power supply lines between input terminals for signal lines.

The present invention relates to an image display apparatus featuring excellent uniformity in display luminance, even in the case of a relatively large screen size.
Hereinafter, conventional techniques will be described by referring to FIGS. 11 and 12.
FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of a liquid crystal display device as a first prior art employing a conventional technique. Arranged in a display section in a matrix configuration are a plurality of pixels 205 each of which has a liquid crystal capacitance 204 optical properties of which are controlled by an applied electric field. The pixels 205 are mutually connected via gate lines 206 and signal lines 207. One end of each of the gate lines 206 is terminated as a gate line terminal 208, and one end of each of the signal lines 207 is terminated as a signal line terminal 209. In each of the pixels 205, the signal line 207 is connected to one terminal of the liquid crystal capacitance 204 via an input TFT (Thin-Film-Transistor) 201, and a gate of the input TFT 201 is connected to the gate line 206. Although omitted in FIG. 11, all the other terminals of the liquid crystal capacitance 204 of all the pixels are connected together to form a common electrode and are connected to the same power supply. The above structure is provided on a glass substrate 200.
In the following, operation of the first prior art will be described. The gate line terminals 208 are connected to an external gate line driver IC (Integrated Circuit), and the gate line driver IC scans the gate lines 206 successively. Here, the signal line terminals 209 are connected to an external signal line driver IC, and the signal line driver IC applies signal voltages to the signal lines 207 in specified timing. The gate line driver IC opens or closes the input TFTs 201 in an intended pixel row via the gate lines 206 such that the signal voltages supplied to the signal lines 207 from the signal line driver IC are input into and retained in the liquid crystal capacitances 204. With this configuration, each of the liquid crystal capacitances 204 can produce an optical display in accordance with a corresponding of the signal voltages. Such prior art has been used most typically as a configuration of an active matrix liquid crystal display device using amorphous Si.
Next, a second prior art will be described by referring to FIG. 12.
FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram of a light emitting display device as the second prior art. Pixels 215 each provided with an organic light emitting diode (OLED) element 214 as a light emitting element are arranged in a display section in a matrix configuration Here, the OLED is sometimes referred to as an organic EL (electroluminescent) element, but it shall be referred to simply as an OLED element hereunder for simplification.
The pixels 215 are mutually connected via gate lines 216, signal lines 217, power supply lines 220, etc. Both ends of the gate lines 216 are connected to gate line scanning circuits 218 on the right and left sides of the gate lines 216, respectively. One end of each of the signal lines 217 is connected to a signal input circuit 219. One end of each of the power supply lines 220 is terminated as a power supply input terminal 225 via a power supply bus 221. An input line group 222 to the gate line scanning circuit 218 and an input line group 223 to the signal input circuit 219 are respectively bundled together to be connected to a gate-line-scanning-circuit input terminal group 224 and a signal-input-circuit input terminal group 226, respectively.
In each of the pixels 215, the signal line 217 is connected to one terminal of a pixel capacitance 212 and a gate of a drive TFT 213 via an input TFT 211, while the other terminal of the pixel capacitance 212 and a source terminal of the drive TFT 213 are connected to the power supply line 220. A drain terminal of the drive TFT 213 is connected to a common power supply terminal (omitted in FIG. 12) via the OLED element 214. Here, the input TFT 211 and the drive TFT 213 are formed of polycrystalline Si TFTs. The aforementioned structure is disposed on a glass substrate 230.
In the following, operation of the second prior art will be described. When display data fed by the signal-input-circuit input terminal group 226 are written into the signal line 217 via the signal input circuit 219, the gate line scanning circuit 218 successively selects the gate lines 216 based upon drive signals fed from the gate-line-scanning-circuit input terminal group 224 in synchronization with the above-stated writing. Thereby, the signal voltage fed to the signal line 217 is input into the pixel capacitance 212 and the gate of the drive TFT 213 of a corresponding one of the pixels 215 in a selected one of the gate lines 216 via the input TFT 211 of the corresponding one of the pixels 215, and the signal voltage is retained in the pixel capacitance 212. In the pixel 215, the drive TFT 213 is driven according to the signal voltage thus written, and thereby the OLED element 214 emits light of a specified luminance.
Such prior art is described in detail in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-14653, etc., for example.


An embodiment has an armature member having a linear core with transverse open slots distributed over its length. Two sets of coils are disposed in the slots and distributed over the length of the core preferably in an overlapping interlaced pattern such that when the sets of coils, or corresponding sub-sets of the coils, are simultaneously energized the magnetic forces produced by one augments the forces produced by the other to produce a greater total force. The armature member also has disposed on opposite sides of the core and parallel to the core a pair of linear commutators. A field member has a carriage which travels rectilinearly along the core between the commutators. Dual sets of brushes are linearly mounted on the carriage at opposite sides to communicate with the commutators. The dual sets of coils can be energized in parallel or in series via the brush/commutator contacts or each set of coils can be energized separately by independently powering the set's corresponding set of brushes. An impedance matching device allows armatures to be joined colinearly to increase the effective stroke of the field member without an impedance anomaly at the juncture.

This invention relates to linear direct-current (DC) permanent magnet motors.
Heretofore, linear motors have been presented having a permanent magnet field member that moves rectilinearly over a linear bed of overlapping, stationary (relative to the field member) armature coils wound about teeth of an elongated slotted core, each coil being energized in sequence via commutator/brush contacts as the field member passes overhead. Movement of the field member relative to the armature is caused by interaction of the energized coils with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet member. An example of such a motor is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,369,383 by Langley.
Such motors have traditionally had overheating problems and commutator/brush contact burn problems, and so various ways have been devised to reduce the heat generation and/or dissipate the heat generated, particularly heat in the commutators.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,906,878 by Twealfhoven et al. presents a linear DC motor as described above having a network of fluid coolant manifolds strategically placed to remove heat.
This invention was conceived and designed to, among other things, distribute current in a more even and balanced fashion which results in less concentrated heat generation, particularly in the commutators, giving motors built according to this invention improved heat damage resistance. As will be explained, this invention also provides basically two motors in one because of separately controllable armature coils.
Other attributes and advantages of this invention will become apparent upon a reading of the text hereinafter.


A method of driving a liquid crystal display device having a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of data lines and a plurality of pixel electrodes includes: applying sequentially a gate signal to the plurality of gate lines, the gate signal being applied to odd gates lines of the plurality of gate lines for a first pulse time period and being applied to even gate lines of the plurality of gate lines for a second pulse time period shorter than the first pulse time period; and supplying a data signal to each of the plurality of data lines.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display (LCD) device, and more particularly, to a method of driving a LCD device.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Flat panel display (FPD) devices having portability and low power consumption have been subject of recent researches in the coming of the information age. Among the various types of FPD devices, liquid crystal display (LCD) devices are widely used as monitors for notebook computers and desktop computers because of their high resolution, ability to display colors and superiority in displaying moving images.
In general, a LCD device includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates. The LCD device uses the optical anisotropy and polarization properties of liquid crystal molecules to produce an image. Due to the optical anisotropy of the liquid crystal molecules, refraction of light incident onto the liquid crystal molecules depends upon the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal molecules have long thin shapes that can be aligned along specific directions. The alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules can be controlled by applying an electric field. Accordingly, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules changes in accordance with the direction of the applied electric field. Thus, by properly controlling the electric field applied to a group of liquid crystal molecules within respective pixel regions, a desired image can be produced by appropriately modulating transmittance of the incident light.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a liquid crystal display device according to the related art. In FIG. 1, a LCD device includes a liquid crystal panel 100, a gate driver 120, a data driver 110, and a timing controller 130. A plurality of gate lines "GL1" to "GLn" and a plurality of data lines "DL1" to "DLm" are formed in the liquid crystal panel 100. The plurality of gate lines "GL1" to "GLn" and the plurality of data lines "DL1" to "DLm" cross each other to define a plurality of pixel regions "P." A thin film transistor "T" is connected to the gate line and the data line, and a liquid crystal capacitor "LC" connected to the transistor "T" is formed in each pixel region. The charging of the liquid crystal capacitor is controlled by the ON/OFF state of the transistor "T," thereby modulating transmittance of incident light.
When a gate signal is applied to a selected one of the plurality of gate lines "GL1" to "GLn," the transistor "T" connected to the selected gate line is turned ON and a data signal applied to the plurality of data lines "DL1" to "DLm" is supplied to the liquid crystal capacitor "LC." When a gate signal is not applied, the transistor is turned OFF and the liquid crystal capacitor "LC" keeps the charged data signal until the next frame. Even though not shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal capacitor "LC" may be defined by a pixel electrode on a first substrate, a common electrode on a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer between the pixel electrode and the common electrode. Furthermore, a storage capacitor (not shown) may be connected to the transistor to keep the charged data signal stable. Accordingly, an alignment state of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is controlled according to the charged data signal in the liquid crystal capacitor "LC," thereby modulating the transmittance of incident light and displaying images.
The gate driver 120 receives control signals from the timing controller 130, and sequentially applies the gate signal to the plurality of gate lines "GL1" to "GLn" to turn ON transistor "T." The data driver 110 receives control signals and an image signal from the timing controller 130, and supplies the data signal corresponding to one horizontal line to the plurality of data lines "DL1" to "DLm" in sync with the gate signal. The timing controller 130 receives the control signals and the image signal from an exterior circuit (not shown), and supplies the control signals and the image signal to the gate driver 120 and the data driver 110.
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram showing a gate driver of a liquid crystal display device according to the related art. In FIG. 2, a gate driver includes a shift register unit 210, a level shifter unit 220 and an output buffer unit 230. The shift register unit 210 receives a horizontal sync signal and a vertical sync signal and sequentially generates a scan pulse. The level shifter unit 220 receives the scan pulse and converts the scan pulse to a voltage level capable of driving transistor "T" (of FIG. 1). The output buffer unit 230 stabilizes the converted scan pulse and supplies the stabilized scan pulse to the plurality of gate lines "GL1" to "GLn" as a gate signal.
FIG. 3 is a schematic timing chart showing gate signals for a liquid crystal display device according to the related art. In FIG. 3, a sequential scan method is used for driving a plurality of gate lines. In a sequential scan method, a gate signal is applied to a selected gate line for a single horizontal time period "TL" and a plurality of gate signals are sequentially applied to the plurality of gate lines for a single horizontal time period.
As a LCD device increases in size, the number of gate lines and a resistance and a load capacitance of data lines increase. These increases reduce the time to charge a liquid crystal capacitor with image signals is reduced. As a result, a display quality of a LCD device is deteriorated due to a reduction in charge ratio.

Method of driving liquid crystal display device


A plasmonic quantum well laser may be provided. The plasmonic quantum well laser includes a plasmonic waveguide and a p-n junction structure extends orthogonally to a direction of plasmon propagation along the plasmonic waveguide. Thereby, the p-n junction is positioned atop a dielectric material having a lower refractive index than material building the p-n junction, and the quantum well laser is electrically actuated. A method for building the plasmonic quantum well laser is also provided.

Today's computing devices integration level is getting higher and higher with every generation of processing devices. The internal communication speed of such devices is pushing the physical limits to a maximum. As an alternative for an electrical signal-based communication, light of photon-based chip internal communication infrastructures are envisioned—and in some cases already practically used—to increase the bandwidth of chip-internal communication systems. Light as a communication medium may be used within one single semiconductor device layer or—in 3D chip designs—also as a means of communication from one layer to another layer of the same integrated circuit. In particular, for a communication within one single semiconductor device layer, low-loss surface plasmons might be foreseen as an alternative to photonic modes for short range (<100 um) communications as properties such as speed and confinement might outweigh the high optical absorption associated with the plasmonic waveguide. In such a scheme, plasmonic lasers may be instrumental as a candidate for a radiation-source in large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits using alternatives to pure electric communications aids.
Very recently, ultra-small lasers based on collective charge of selectors at the interface between the metal and a semiconductor, called surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), have been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. However, the strong mode confinement of SPP's modes at the semiconductor-metal interface strongly reduces the overlap of active gain material with a propagating plasmon, while the presence of metal adds to the optical losses and a large fraction of bulk semiconductor material typically do not contribute to stimulated emission. The consequent increase of the lasing threshold together with inferencing plasmon propagation losses has rendered plasmon lasers inefficient compared to their photonic counterparts.
Photonic lasers, based on semiconductor quantum well structures, have already been proposed in the 1970s and have become one of the most important semiconductor laser technologies today. Although, the overlap of the optical modes with the quantum well gain material is reduced compared to bulk semiconductors, the high gain and temperature stability provided by quantum well gain material typically over-compensate these intrinsic current losses. A main limitation for achieving integration densities of photonic components compared to micro-electronics is the much larger size of photonic devices. A conventional semiconductor laser is typical of dimensions in the order of 100s or micrometers, which is about 10,000× greater than a typical electronic MOSFET switch in an advanced computing node. The ability to scale photonic components is limited by the diffraction of light, by dimension less than the wavelength of light in a given material; the optical mode will leak out.
Thus, there may be a need for VLSI chips to have a non-electric communication mechanism that requires less space than typical light-based photonic concepts.


A method for editing Web-based documents and a software package for implementing the method is provided. The method can include receiving from a user an indication of a selected portion of a Web-based document to be edited and of a desired editing function to be performed on the selected portion and inserting immediately prior to the selected portion a first editing tag corresponding to the desired editing function. Also, the method may include detecting object tag elements within the selected portion, inserting immediately prior to each object tag element within the selected portion a second editing tag corresponding to the desired editing function and inserting the second tag at the end of the selected portion, and inserting immediately after each object tag element within the selected portion the first editing tag, wherein the first and second editing tags are distinguishable from the object tag elements.

Web-based documents are most often created in hyper text mark-up language (HTML). They are typically stored on a server computer so that they can be accessed on a read-only basis by web browsers on remote computers via, for example, the Internet. Presently, in order to edit these documents, they must be taken off-line (e.g., removed from a usef user's browser) and imported into a text or HTML editor. This makes editing of HTML documents by remote users cumbersome.

System and method for in-line editing of web-based documents