A developing device includes a developing roller, a regulating blade, and seal members. The regulating blade extends in a rotation axis direction of the developing sleeve, is disposed opposite to a circumferential surface of the developing sleeve, and regulates a quantity of the toner present on the circumferential surface of the developing sleeve. The seal members are disposed opposite to the circumferential surface of the developing sleeve without being in contact with both ends of the developing sleeve in the rotation axis direction, and inhibit the toner on the circumferential surface from moving to the rotation axis direction ends by magnetic brushes formed between the magnet roller and the seal members. An inner surface part of each seal member which is opposite to the circumferential surface of the developing sleeve has root parts which have crest parts formed in a serrated shape.

This disclosure relates to a developing device that forms a toner image by feeding toner toward an electrostatic latent image formed on a circumferential surface of a photosensitive drum by electrophotography and an image forming apparatus having the same, and particularly to a technique for preventing leakage of toner on a circumferential surface of a developing sleeve.
In such an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, a toner image is formed by feeding toner from a developing device toward an electrostatic latent image formed on a surface of a photosensitive drum. Such a developing device has a developing roller made up of a magnet roller and a developing sleeve, forms a toner layer on a circumferential surface of the developing sleeve, and feeds the toner from the developing sleeve to the surface of the photosensitive drum. The developing sleeve of the developing device is provided with seal members at both ends thereof in a rotation axis direction thereof. The seal members are opposite to the circumferential surface of the developing sleeve, and inhibit the toner on the circumferential surface from moving to the ends in the rotation axis direction and leaking out of the ends. Thus, a developing device A is proposed in which a root part guiding the toner on the developing sleeve into a developing zone is provided for an inner circumferential surface of each seal member in order to more reliably prevent the leakage of the toner.

Developing device forming toner image by feeding toner toward electrostatic latent image formed on circumferential surface of photosensitive drum, and image forming apparatus including the same


This invention provides a vapor phase processing apparatus which forms a film on a substrate by using a source gas, and includes a processing chamber for accommodating the substrate, a gas supply unit, having a gas supply hole, for supplying a source gas into the processing chamber, and a detection unit for detecting a degree of clogging of the gas supply holes.

The present invention relates to a vapor phase processing apparatus for performing a vapor phase process, e.g., film formation, on a substrate, e.g., a semiconductor substrate, in accordance with CVD.
In a semiconductor device, a conductive or insulating thin film is formed on a substrate. As such an insulating film, for example, an SiO.sub.2 thermal oxide film, or an SiO.sub.2 film or SiN film formed by using a source gas, e.g., silane or tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), at a reduced or atmospheric pressure in accordance with chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is mainly used.
CVD is a film formation method which is widely used in the manufacture of a semiconductor device as a method of forming a conductive or insulating thin film on a substrate. In particular, plasma CVD is often used since it enables film formation at a comparatively low temperature.
In recent years, the diameter of a silicon wafer serving as the underlying layer of a semiconductor device increases. In general, a CVD apparatus used for forming a thin film on such a large-diameter silicon wafer uses, as a member which supplies a source gas, a dispersion nozzle having a plurality of source gas supply holes, so that a uniform thin film can be formed.
The diameter of the gas supply holes of the dispersion nozzle used in the CVD apparatus described above is very small (e.g., about 1 mm). A deposit tends to attach to the inner portions of the holes during a film formation process, causing clogging. If such clogging occurs, the gas supply amount onto the wafer becomes nonuniform. As a result, the film formation speed, the film composition, and the like on the wafer vary.
In order to decrease these variations, conventionally, every time a desired thin film is formed on one or a plurality of semiconductor substrates, the inner wall of the processing chamber or the dispersion nozzle is cleaned by using an etching gas, thereby removing the deposit. With this chemical interior cleaning, however, the deposit cannot sometimes be sufficiently removed. If the film formation process is repeated, the deposit is accumulated, and a sufficient cleaning effect cannot be obtained with only the chemical internal cleaning described above. Therefore, conventionally, not only chemical internal cleaning is performed, but also the processing chamber is opened, disassembled, and cleaned in the atmosphere periodically.
Conventionally, it has not been precisely grasped regarding to what extent the film formation process can be repeated until when chemical internal cleaning is to be performed (when chemical internal cleaning should be performed), how long chemical internal cleaning should be performed (when chemical internal cleaning should be ended), to what extent the film formation process can be repeated until when the processing chamber is to be opened, disassembled, and cleaned in the atmosphere (when disassembly and cleaning in the atmosphere should be performed). In other words, conventionally, these matters are determined based on the experience, the in-surface uniformity of the deposition speed of the film formed on the semiconductor substrate, and the like.
Therefore, much time has been conventionally spent on chemical internal cleaning, disassembly and cleaning, and the like. Conventionally, internal cleaning using an etching gas is excessively performed in order to prevent insufficient removal of the deposit. As a result, portions in the processing chamber that have low durability tend to be damaged, and damaged components must be exchanged often. Also, dust tends to be generated easily.


Provided is a display panel having first and second display regions. The display panel includes: a base; an array portion located on base; and a light-emitting functional portion located on a side of the array portion facing away from base and including AMOLED and PMOLED light-emitting units. The AMOLED light-emitting unit is located in the first display region, the PMOLED light-emitting unit is located in the second display region, and the second display region is surrounded or partially surrounded by the first display region. The PMOLED and AMOLED light-emitting units each include an anode, and the anode of the PMOLED light-emitting unit has an area smaller than that of the AMOLED light-emitting unit; and/or, the display panel further includes a transparent carrier substrate located on a side of the light-emitting functional portion facing away from the base, and the PMOLED light-emitting unit has at least one film layer carried thereby.

In the related art, in order to increase a screen occupancy ratio while avoiding a camera and a sensor, researchers have proposed a concept of a specially-shaped screen, in which a screen is hollowed out at positions of a front-facing camera and a sensor, or a notch is provided on a display panel so as to avoid components such as the front-facing camera, the sensor and the like in a display device such as a cellphone. An image cannot be displayed at a "notch" position of a "notch screen", and thus a part of the image will be missing at the "notch" position when the image is displayed. As a result, the user experience is degraded.

Display panel with light-emitting functional units, display device and method for manufacturing display panel

Xiamen Tianma Micro-Electronics Co., Ltd


A filter apparatus includes at least one filter, each filter being tunable and including at least one capacitor arrangement. The capacitor arrangement includes a plurality of first capacitors, a plurality of second capacitors, and a plurality of switches. Each switch is switchable between a non-conducting mode and a conducting mode. The plurality of second capacitors and the plurality of switches are arranged to connect or disconnect the second capacitors on different potentials in order to tune the filter by adjusting the capacitance of the filter. An electrical power transmission or distribution system includes such a filter apparatus. A method is provided for filtering harmonics in an electrical power transmission or distribution system by means of such a filter apparatus.

A High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) power distribution network or an HVDC power transmission or distribution system uses direct current (DC) for the transmission or distribution of electrical power, in contrast to the more common alternating current (AC) systems. For long-distance transmission or distribution, HVDC systems may be less expensive and may suffer lower electrical losses. However, HVDC systems may also be used for short-distance transmission or distribution. In general, an HVDC power transmission or distribution system comprises at least one direct current transmission or distribution line, e.g. a long-distance HVDC link or cable for carrying direct current a long distance, e.g. under sea, and converters, or converter stations, for converting alternating current to direct current for input to the HVDC power transmission or distribution system and converters for converting direct current back to alternating current for input to a high voltage AC power system. An HVDC power transmission or distribution system may also be used as a back-to-back system for interconnecting two asyn-chronous AC networks, which may be remote to or in the proximity of one another. In a back-to-back system, the HVDC power transmission or distribution system may take electrical power from a first AC network, convert it into to direct current and transmit it to a second AC network, which may be remote to or in the proximity of the first AC network, where direct current is converted back to alternating current for input to the second AC network.
A converter connected to an AC power system, for example a converter included in a converter plant for high-voltage direct current, generates, by its principle of operation, harmonic currents on its AC side and harmonic voltages on its DC side. In this context, in principle, only harmonics to the fundamental frequency of the AC system of the orders n=k×p±1 occur on the AC side and of the orders n=k×p on the DC side, p being the pulse number of the converter and k being a positive integer. Harmonics of other orders may also occur in power systems of this kind, caused by, for example, un-symmetries between the phases of the AC system.
To reduce the stresses on components, e.g. generators and transformers, included in the electrical power transmission or distribution system, e.g. in the form of heating of the components, and originating from the harmonics, and to fulfill the requirements made on the effect on the electrical power transmission or distribution system and telecommunication disturbances, filters are generally installed to limit the propagation of the disturbances in the electrical power transmission or distribution system. Harmonics of a lower order, e.g. harmonics corresponding to k=1 and for 6-pulse converters also harmonics corresponding to k=2, are generally filtered through filters tuned to these harmonics, whereas harmonics of a higher order may be filtered through a high-pass filter. The filters are composed of pas-sive components, and during the dimensioning, it may also be taken into consider-ation that the filters on the AC side are to serve as members for generating reactive power. In general, however, the requirements for generation of reactive power in a converter plant for high voltage direct power may require the installation of one or more further high voltage capacitor banks on the AC side. In certain cases, it may be necessary to install tuned filters and high-pass filters also on the DC side of the converter. In a converter plant for high voltage direct current, the filters and the capacitor banks constitute plant components which essentially influence the function, volume and cost of the plant.
In general, the tuned filters are designed as series-resonance circuits, comprising capacitive, inductive and sometimes also resistive impedance elements, tuned such that, at one or more of the harmonic frequencies expected in the electrical power transmission or distribution system, they are to exhibit purely resistive impedance.
In narrow-band filters, a small change of the reactance of an impedance element included in the filter may cause a considerable deterioration of the function of the filter. Such a change may, for example, be caused by a fault in one part of a capacitive impedance element.
Variations in the system frequency and drift in component values, caused by, for example, temperature variations or aging, makes it in general difficult to maintain a satisfactory, or exact, tuning although no direct faults occur in the filter, which in turn results in an impaired electric power transmission or distribution and an impaired control thereof. One way to address variations in the system frequency and variations in component values is to make the filters broad enough to cope with the variations. It has also been proposed to provide tunable filters which provide an adjustment of the resonance frequency or frequencies of the filter.
KR 10-1007388 discloses a tunable band pass filter provided to selectively filter a desired signal by band-pass filtering an amplified signal.
CN 102185323-A describes a reactive compensation controller comprising a mechanical thyristor-switched capacitor, the mechanical thyristor-switched capacitor comprising four groups of graded-compensation capacitors and a group of altogether-compensation capacitors.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,769,751 discloses simultaneous power and voltage control by a DC-tie between AC networks carried out by means of fixed and switchable inductive and capacitive compensation elements.
CN 101022219-A describes a device for eliminating harmonic waves and compensating power where a filter is connected to multiple AC contactors and capacitors by multiple switch sets.
CN 101630841-A discloses a dynamic harmonic filter comprising a capacitor group.
US 2007/0237273-A1 describes a complex filter with automatic tuning capabilities for filtering a complex signal. A tuning unit can generate a plurality of control signals to tune the complex filter to a predetermined frequency.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,568,042-A discloses monitoring and control of a filter in a power network. A tuning unit is disclosed, which comprises a reactor and four capacitors. The number of capacitors which are connected in series with the reactor may be controlled by means of switching members in the form of mechanical contacts.

Filter apparatus, a method for filtering harmonics in an electrical power transmission or distribution system, and such a system


A gray scale voltage generator and a method of generating a gray scale voltage in a transmissive and reflective type liquid crystal display device are disclosed. A transmissive mode gray scale data are transformed into real reflective mode gray scale data. An integer part is extracted from the real reflective mode gray scale data as a first reflective mode gray scale data. The first reflective mode gray scale data and temporary reflective mode gray scale data are mixed in a predetermined ratio by N-frame period. The temporary reflective mode gray scale data has a sum of one and the first reflective mode gray scale data. Pseudo gray scale data are inserted into the second reflective mode gray scale data. Therefore, superior display quality is provided in both transmissive and reflective mode.

1. Field of the Invention
The disclosure relates to a gray scale voltage generator, a method of generating a gray scale voltage and a transmissive and reflective type liquid crystal display device using the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
The liquid crystal display (LCD) device includes a lower substrate (or thin film transistor substrate), an upper substrate (color filter substrate) and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the lower and upper substrates. A common electrode and color filters are formed on the upper substrate. Thin film transistors and pixel electrodes are formed on the lower substrate. A voltage is applied to the lower and upper substrates, an electric field is formed between the lower and upper substrates, the alignment angle of liquid crystal molecules is changed, the transmissivity of the liquid crystal layer is regulated, and thus an image is displayed.
The liquid crystal display device is divided into a transmissive type liquid crystal display device and a reflective liquid crystal display device whether or not the liquid crystal display device employs a light source such as a backlight. A transmissive-and-reflective type liquid crystal display device is operated both in a transmissive mode and in a reflective mode.
Since optical characteristic of the conventional transmissive-and-reflective type liquid crystal display device vary according to the transmissive or reflective modes, when the conventional transmissive-and-reflective type liquid crystal display device has a superior optical characteristics in a transmissive mode, the conventional transmissive-and-reflective type liquid crystal display device has a inferior optical characteristics in a reflective mode, and vice versa.
When the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer and the twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules is fixed so as to provide an optimized transmissivity and contrast ratio in the transmissive mode, the liquid crystal display device provides an inferior reflectivity and contrast ratio in the reflective mode such that the liquid crystal display device may not provide a satisfactory display quality.
In addition, the voltage-transmissivity (V-T) curve and voltage-reflectivity (V-R) curve depending on voltage shows different characteristics according to the mode such as transmissive mode or the reflectivity mode. Accordingly, when the liquid crystal display device employs a same gray scale voltage generating circuit both in the reflective mode and in the transmissive mode, the display quality of the liquid crystal display device may be deteriorated.

Gray scale voltage generator, method of generating gray scale voltage and transmissive and reflective type liquid crystal display device using the same


A method and apparatus for treating a mating portion of a fiber optic connector for reducing an insertion force for the mating portion includes providing a mating portion of a fiber optic connector and treating the mating portion of the fiber optic connector by applying a cleaning and/or lubricating solution thereto to reduce the insertion force of the mating portion.

Fiber optic communication networks use fiber optic connectors to create nodes in the network where optical connections can be formed. Simply stated, using an optical connector creates a joining point that can be connected, disconnected, reconnected, and/or rerouted as desired. Fiber optic connectors can include ferrules configured for a single optical fiber or multiple optical fibers. Debris can be generated when mating/unmating ferrule-based connectors. This debris may create issues for fiber optic connectors. For instance, the debris may end up in guide pin bores of the multi-fiber connectors such as MT connectors after repeated mating and unmating. The build-up of debris may cause the pin to bore fit of the ferrule of the fiber optic connector ferrule to become increasingly tighter until eventually, the debris prevents the ferrule from fully engaging, which may affect optical performance. In extreme cases, the ferrule can break due to cocking of the ferrule during un-mating. One attempt to prevent these problems is to clean the connector by hand. As shown in FIG. 1, a connector 900 is cleaned in a conventional manner using a swab 901. However, swabbing is time consuming and its imprecision can result in missing portions of a connector face, bores and/or pins.
Thus, there is an unmet need for quickly and efficiently cleaning and/or lubricating the ferrule face, guide pin bores and/or pins of the fiber optic connector.

Method and apparatus for treating a mating portion of a fiber optic connector


A potential measurement apparatus is provided which can suitably maintain the oscillation state of an oscillator including a detection electrode and stably measure the potential of a measurement object. The potential measurement apparatus includes a bearing part, an elastic supporting part supported by the bearing part, an oscillator movably supported by the elastic supporting part, detection electrodes installed in the oscillator, a drive mechanism driving the oscillator and a signal detection unit. The signal detection unit is connected to the detection electrodes to detect electrical signals appearing in the detected electrodes. A stress detecting element for generating an electric signal according to the stress of the elastic suspension part 142 is provided.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a potential measurement apparatus of a non-contact type measuring potential of a measurement object in a non-contact manner and an image forming apparatus including the potential measurement apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, in an image forming apparatus including a photosensitive drum to form an image with an electrophotographic system, it is necessary to charge the photosensitive drum to appropriate (typically uniform) potential under any environment in order to obtain stable image quality. Therefore, by measuring the charged potential of the photosensitive drum with a potential measurement apparatus and utilizing the results thereof, feedback control is carried out so as to keep the potential of the photosensitive drum uniform.
As a potential measurement apparatus used for an image forming apparatus, the following has been proposed (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-301555). FIG. 9A illustrates a top view of the potential measurement apparatus 500. FIG. 9B illustrates a sectional view taken along the line 9B-9B in FIG. 9A. In the potential measurement apparatus 500, a cradle 504 and two torsion springs 502 and 503 are integrally formed with a bearing substrate. The cradle 504 has two detection electrodes 511 and 512. The cradle 504 is symmetrical about the center line A-A′ in the longitudinal direction of the torsion springs 502 and 503. The detection electrodes 511 and 512 are so arranged as to be line symmetrical with respect to the center line A-A′. In addition, the detection electrodes 511 and 512 are respectively connected, through electrode wirings 513 and 514, to extraction electrodes 515 and 516 provided on the bearing substrate 501. Moreover, the extraction electrodes 515 and 516 are connected to a differential amplifier 520 through wirings 517 and 518.
A potential measurement method with the potential measurement apparatus 500 will be described with reference to FIG. 9B showing a sectional view taken along the line 9B-9B in FIG. 9A. The potential measurement apparatus 500 is set opposite to a measurement object surface 521. The measurement object surface 521 is, for example, a photosensitive drum. In addition, the potential measurement apparatus 500 is placed inside a case 522 which is electrically conductive and electrically grounded. A dashed line in FIG. 9B illustrates a state in which a cradle 504 is shaken by a cradle drive mechanism (not illustrated in the drawing). By periodically shaking the cradle 504, the distance between the detection electrodes 511 and 512 and the measurement object surface 521 and the coupling capacitance therebetween are periodically varied. Thereby, signal current containing information on the potential of the measurement object surface 521 can be taken out of the differential amplifier 520.
In addition, as a unit adjusting the resonance property of an oscillator connected to a fixed part through an elastic supporting part, an optical scanner provided with a spring constant variable element in the elastic supporting part has also been proposed (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 2981600).
The above described potential measurement apparatus involves the following problems. The shaking state of the cradle may change due to changes in environment when being used, which may inhibit the stability of potential measurement being improved. For example, when the temperature of environment when being used changes, the spring constant of the torsion spring may change, and then the resonance frequency may change. In addition, the optical scanner in the afore-mentioned prior art has nothing to do with potential measurement.

Potential measurement apparatus and image forming apparatus


A disk spindle motor having a permanent magnet central shaft. A pair of annular, non-magnetic combination thrust and journal bearings having truncated-conical outer surfaces are spaced apart on the shaft. The bearings coact with complementary surfaces of the hub of a motor rotor. Shaft end caps connect the shaft to base means and have radially extending shoulders which define annular gaps with the rotor and function as ferrofluidic seals.

The present invention relates to bearing cartridges, and in particular to bearing cartridges having a ferrofluid lubricant.
The use of ferrofluid bearings as an alternative to ball bearings is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,734,606 by the inventor of the present invention and incorporated herein by reference. Ferrofluid bearings have provided particular advantages over ball bearings when used in magnetic disk storage systems. More specifically, ferrofluid bearings tend to produce less audible noise than ball bearings. Furthermore, the use of ferrofluid bearings instead of ball bearings eliminates vibration produced by the inner ball bearing race, the outer ball bearing race and the ball bearings.
The use of a ferrofluid bearing in a disk spindle motor improves several performance factors of a magnetic disk storage device. Ferrofluid bearings tend to reduce or attenuate vibration originating in other parts of the disk storage device. In addition, ferrofluid bearings tend to have lower electrical resistance between the outer race and the inner race than ball bearings thereby providing a better discharge path to more rapidly dissipate any electrostatic charge that builds up on the disk surface. Furthermore, ferrofluid bearings tend to have a larger surface area between the bearing races over which to distribute shock loads, thereby withstanding mechanical shock better.
The ever increasing demands for greater memory capacity, lower production costs, faster memory access times, decreased size and weight of disk storage devices has placed increasing demands on the performance of the disk spindle motor. There is an increasing need for the bearing cartridges used in disk storage devices to provide improved performance factors such as reduced drag characteristics, improved ferrofluid containment and reduced manufacturing costs.


To provide an injection molded pipe member having a high quality, the pipe member is integrally provided with a holder portion (20), a pipe portion (30) and ribs (40) arranged in an outer periphery of the pipe portion (30) at a uniform interval in peripheral direction, protruding in radial direction and reaching the holder portion (20) from a middle of the pipe portion (30), and has a resin injecting position (20f) in a surface of a portion except the pipe portion (30) and the ribs (40), so that molten resin flows quickly through the forming space uniformly in peripheral direction without being deflected when injection molding, thereby bend of the pipe portion (30), thickness shrink, and forming die breakage is prevented.

In conventional, as a structure for supplying a liquid filler filled in a filling region in an inner portion of a container, to a brush in a leading end of the container, there has been known a structure obtained by integrally forming a ring-like base portion (a holder portion) attached to a leading end side within a container, and a tubular portion (a pipe portion) in which a rear end is connected to the base portion and a leading end is inserted to a brush (for example, refer to Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-165878). In the structure mentioned above, it is necessary to make the pipe portion thin in order to make an outer diameter of the brush smaller.
In this case, the integrally formed product constituted by the holder portion and the pipe portion is generally formed in accordance with an injection molding. In this injection molding, the integrally formed product mentioned above is obtained by preparing a forming die provided with shapes corresponding to the holder portion and the pipe portion, injecting a molten resin through a resin injecting port provided in a portion of the forming die in correspondence to a rear end surface of the holder portion at a predetermined pressure, and releasing from the mold after being solidified.
However, in the integrally formed product mentioned above, since the pipe portion is thin and long, the molten resin from the holder portion is hard to uniformly flow toward the leading end of the cylinder portion of the pipe portion, and a difference is generated in a cooling time between the cylindrical portion through which the resin first flows and the cylinder portion through which the resin flows later, so that the pipe portion is curved after being cooled and solidified. Further, in the case of forming at a higher pressure than necessary in order to uniformly fill the molten resin in the pipe portion, an excessive load is applied to a narrow core pin for forming an inner peripheral surface of the pipe portion so as to bend the core pin, and the forming die is broken.

Pipe member and manufacturing method of the same


Embodiments of the invention provide a method, apparatus and article of manufacture for modeling a variety of three-dimensional (3D) utility networks constructed from individual network part elements. In one embodiment, users may construct a utility network by selecting and assembling a network of inter-connected parts, where each part is selected from a pipe and structure list. Connectivity among parts is established through part placement. Structure and connected pipe properties may be managed as a single property set. As parts are placed in the utility network, auto-sizing logic resizes existing structures to connected pipes. Pipes and structures are represented by part model data that defines a set of common behavior and properties. When a user modifies part model data or property sets or moves inter-connected parts, a logic component resizes and automatically updates any associated two-dimensional and three-dimensional views of the utility network.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to computer software. More specifically, the present invention relates to computer software applications configured to facilitate the interactive design of three-dimensional (3D) models of utility networks.
2. Description of the Related Art
Currently, computer aided design (CAD) applications allow a designer or engineer to compose graphical representations of utility networks. For example, a user interacting with a CAD application may generate a model of a utility network by drawing simple 2D objects to represent components such as pipes, conduits, manhole covers, etc. Common 2D drawing objects include simple lines and arcs, etc. Additionally, some CAD applications may provide groupings of 2D objects used to model certain real-world structures (e.g., a collection of lines and ellipses to represent a cylinder). The user positions these 2D drawing objects relative to one another to generate the graphical representation of the utility network.
Additionally, a given 2D drawing object may be displayed with a label that presents information regarding the real-world component being represented by the 2D drawing object. Such attributes may be part of engineering and construction documentation generated from the 2D drawing. For example, a line representing a pipe may be displayed with a label that provides attributes such as the diameter, length, inner diameter etc., of the pipe.
Typically, the user of a CAD application will create many different views to represent the same utility network from different perspectives. For example, a plan view may provide a "top-down" perspective and a profile view may provide a cross-sectional perspective of the utility network. To modify the utility network represented by the 2D drawing objects, the designer or engineer may have to edit one or more of the 2D drawing objects within an individual view. For example, if a user changes the diameter of a 2D graphical object representing a pipe displayed in a profile view, the user may also have to determine what other changes have to be made to the 2D drawing objects in the profile view to account for this modification. Further, the user must also make similar modifications to other views, such as a plan view. The editing process is thus quite tedious and labor intensive.
Furthermore, the 2D graphics objects such as lines and curves only provide a crude representation of the network parts and thus the utility network and do not adequately describe or portray the actual real-world parts being used to construct the utility network. As stated, users often compose 2D graphical models to generate engineering and construction documentation. For example, a user may compose a plan view that includes labels or annotations that indicate the size, type, manufacturer, model number, etc. for a particular utility network component. In addition to the requirement that multiple views may have to be modified to reflect a desired change, a user may also have to update the labels or annotations provided with a given view. Because modifications to 2D drawing objects (and any attributes or annotation labels) must be replicated individually within each view, the process is both time consuming and error-prone.
Accordingly, the crude 2D drawing objects fail to reflect the real-world characteristics of utility network components. Moreover, because views are created independently from one another, any changes made for one view requires other views to be updated individually.

Method for dynamically generating multiple views of three-dimensional models for utility networks


A component-embedded substrate includes a multilayer body formed by stacking up a plurality of resin layers in a predetermined direction, a component embedded in the multilayer body, the component having a plurality of terminal electrodes, a plurality of joining conductors provided in the multilayer body and joined to the plurality of terminal electrodes, a plurality of wiring conductors provided in the multilayer body and electrically coupled to the plurality of joining conductors and at least one auxiliary member enclosed within an outer boundary of the component provided in the multilayer body. The auxiliary member may be electrically insulated from each of the plurality of wiring conductors and arranged to balance pressures acting on the plurality of terminal electrodes when pressure is applied on the multilayer body.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to component-embedded substrates in which an electronic component is embedded in a multilayer substrate and manufacturing methods thereof.
2. Description of Related Art
One of examples of conventional component-embedded substrates is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2008-141007. This component-embedded substrate includes an insulating base 601, at least one electronic component 602, a plurality of external electrodes 603, a plurality of wiring conductors 604, and a plurality of interlayer connectors 605 as shown in FIG. 7.
The insulating base 601 may be formed by stacking up a plurality of resin layers 606 (e.g., five resin layers 606a to 606e) in a predetermined direction Z and then adhering the layers together. The resin layers 606a to 606e may be made of a thermoplastic resin. More specifically, the resin layer 606b may be adhered to one of the principal surfaces of the lowermost resin layer 606a, and the resin layer 606c may be adhered to one of the principal surfaces of the resin layer 606b. Likewise, the resin layers 606d, 606e may be adhered to one of the principal surfaces of the resin layers 606c, 606d, respectively.
The electronic component 602 may be buried in a cavity formed inside the above-described insulating base 601. To electrically couple the electronic component 602 with the external electrodes 603, the wiring conductors 604 may be formed on the principal surface of a required resin layer 606. To electrically couple together two wiring conductors 604 formed on resin layers 606 which are adjacent to each other in the layer stacking direction, an interlayer connector 605 may be formed in a resin layer 606 lying between the wiring conductors 604.
The above-described component-embedded substrate may be manufactured generally through the processes which will be described below.
First, a metal foil (e.g., copper foil) may be adhered to one of the principal surfaces of each of the resin layers 606a to 606e that are made of a thermoplastic resin. Thereafter, photolithography and etching may be carried out on this metal foil, whereby the external electrodes 603 and the wiring conductors 604 may be formed as shown in FIG. 8A.
Then, a through hole 607, which is to form the cavity, may be formed in the resin layer 606c.
Then, via holes 608, which are closed by the wiring conductors 604, may be formed at predetermined positions in the resin layers 606a to 606e. These via holes 608 may be filled with an electrically-conductive paste which is to form the interlayer connectors 605.
After the above-described process, the resin layers 606a to 606e may be stacked up as shown in FIG. 8A. In that process, the electronic component 602 may be placed at a predetermined position on the resin layer 606b and inserted into the through hole 607 of the resin layer 606c. The resin layer 606d may be placed on this resin layer 606c (layer stacking process).
Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 8B, the multilayer body of the resin layers 606a to 606e may be placed between a pair of heat press plates 609a, 609b. The heat press plates 609a, 609b apply pressure and heat to the multilayer body at both surfaces thereof. As a result, the resin layers 606a to 606e may be softened, and adjacent ones of the resin layers 606 may be adhered to each other. In this way, the insulating base 601 may be formed (heating and compression process).
In the heating and compression process, the softened resin layers 606a to 606e may flow, and as a result, the electronic component 602 may be encapsulated in the insulating base 601. At the same time, electrodes 610 of the electronic component 602 may be joined to the wiring conductors 604 or interlayer connectors 605 formed on or in the resin layer 606b. Further, the electrically-conductive paste may be sintered and changed into an alloy, whereby the interlayer connectors 605 electrically coupling the wiring conductors 604 to each other are formed.

Component-embedded substrate and manufacturing method thereof


The present disclosure relates to a network access node and a client device for content type indication. The network access node selects a subset of bits among a set of bits in a second data packet associated with the first data packet based on the content type for the first data packet. The network access node scrambles the selected subset of bits with a first scrambling sequence associated with an identity of the client device. The network access node transmits the first data packet and the second data packet to the client device (300). Upon reception of the first data packet and the second data packet, the client device descrambles the scrambled subset of bits in the second data packet using a first scrambling sequence associated with an identity of the client device to determine the content type for the first data packet.

The upcoming fifth-generation (5G) wireless cellular communication system, also known as new radio (NR), is expected to carry more traffic and providing new service types compared to the current fourth-generation (4G) wireless cellular communication system, also known as long term evolution (LTE). LTE is mainly optimized for enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) traffic with target block error rate (BLER) of 10e-1 before re-transmission and an expected one-way latency of around 20 ms.
A critical requirement of 5G is the support of new services and one such service is ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), for which latency expressed as the time required for transmitting a data packet through the network and reliability is measured in packet error rate (PER). The requirements for URLLC one way over the radio access network (RAN) have been set to a latency of 1 ms combined with a PER of 10e-5 for 32 bytes packet. Thus, URLLC traffic requires much higher reliability and lower latency than eMBB traffic. The addition of such new services with significant reductions in latency while guaranteeing ultra-reliability will put several challenges on the design of the 5G wireless communication system.

Network access node and a client device for content type indication


Provided is a refrigerant distributor including: a first space forming portion having a first refrigerant port and a second refrigerant port; and a second space forming portion, which extends laterally from a lower part of the first space forming portion, and has a plurality of heat transfer pipe connecting portions. A gas-liquid refrigerant mixture flows into the first space forming portion through the first refrigerant port. Heat transfer pipes are connected at positions of the plurality of heat transfer pipe connecting portions in the second space forming portion.

There has hitherto been known a heat exchanger having the following configuration for even distribution of refrigerant to a plurality of heat transfer pipes connected between a refrigerant inflow-side flow divider and a refrigerant outflow-side flow divider. Specifically, a gas-liquid refrigerant mixture is separated into a liquid refrigerant and a gas refrigerant by a gas-liquid separator, which is separate from a refrigerant inflow-side flow divider. The liquid refrigerant is caused to flow into the refrigerant inflow-side flow divider from the gas-liquid separator through refrigerant pipes (see, for example, Patent Literature 1).

Refrigerant distributor, heat exchanger, and refrigeration cycle apparatus


A method of manufacturing a flexible display apparatus includes sequentially forming a flexible substrate, a thin film transistor (TFT), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) including a first electrode, an intermediate layer, and a second electrode, and a first attachment layer on a carrier substrate, sequentially forming a deposition layer and a second attachment layer on a sealing film, attaching the carrier substrate and the sealing film to each other such that the sealing film covers flexible substrate on the carrier substrate, sealing the first and second attachment layers, laminating the carrier substrate and the sealing film, and separating the sealing film and the flexible substrate from the carrier substrate.

1. Field
Embodiments relate to a flexible display apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, an organic light-emitting display apparatus that includes a thin film transistor (TFT) may be applied as a display apparatus in mobile devices, such as smartphones, digital cameras, video cameras, camcorders, personal digital assistants (PDAs), ultra slim laptops, and tablet personal computers (PCs), or in electronic devices, such as ultra slim TVs and flexible display apparatuses.
The organic light-emitting display apparatus includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an intermediate layer disposed between the first and second electrodes. The organic light-emitting display apparatuses provide high-quality features such as wide viewing angles, high contrast ratio, and quick response times.

Flexible display apparatus and manufacturing method thereof


An automatic output offset control circuit for a DC-coupled RF amplified optical-to-electrical converter has a photodiode for converting an optical signal to an electrical signal. The current from one side of the photodiode is coupled into the input of a bipolar RF amplifier that generates a voltage output. The current from the other side of the photodiode is sensed for generating a voltage that is compared with the output of the RF amplifier. Any mismatch between the sensed current and the RF amplifier generates an error signal that is used to control the DC bias supplies of the RF amplifier. The DC bias supplies are adjusted in unison to produce the correct offset at the amplifier output for the given photodiode current while maintaining a constant AC-gain. The circuit automatically corrects for the DC-coupled output offset drift and variations of the RF bipolar amplifier. The circuit may be implemented using either voltage or current signals to the feedback circuit.

The present invention relates generally to offset controls for amplifiers and more specifically to an automatic output offset control for a DC-coupled RF amplifier for use in an optical-to-electrical converter.
Optical-to-electrical (O/E) converters are used for converting an optical signal into an electrical signal, such as the optical transport signals used in the telecommunications industry. These optical transport signals have bit-rates ranging from 51.840 Mb/s for OC-1 to 2488.320 Mb/s for OC-48. To accurately convert such high bit-rate optical signals, O/E converters need to have a wide bandwidth with no DC offset. The bandwidth of an O/E converter for an OC-48bit-rate is in the range of 2 GHz referenced to a fourth order Bessel-Thompson response at the 3 db point. High frequency amplifiers are used in such O/E converters in which the amplifier output is DC-coupled. Generally, high frequency RF amplifiers are AC coupled with a blocking capacitor on the output and a bias voltage in the range of 5 volts. DC coupling is needed for O/E converters for accurate measurements of the optical signal. DC offset and other non-ideal characteristics of the amplifier in the O/E converter affect the steady-state voltage level following fast rising and falling incident optical edges which degrades the performance for extinction ratio measurements, absolute optical power measurements, and the like.
Previous O/E converters, such as the P6701A and the P6703A Opto-Electronic converters, manufactured and sold by Tektronix, Inc., the assignees of the present invention, overcame the DC offset and temperature drift problem by providing a current feedback to the input of a transimpedance amplifier. The P6701A/P6703A include a photodiode for converting the optical signal into an electrical current. The anode current is coupled into the input of a high frequency transimpedance amplifier whose output is a voltage representative of the optical signal. The cathode current from the photodiode is sensed and converted to a voltage by a precision low frequency amplifier and compared with the output voltage of the transimpedance amplifier. An error signal is generated based on the difference between these voltages, which is integrated and used to generate a current that is fedback and added to the current from the photodiode at the input of the amplifier to mimic the DC offset at the output of the amplifier. The feedback current is automatically adjusted until the voltage error is zero. The sign of the feedback current is positive or negative depending on the sign of the offset at the output.
Picometrics, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan, manufactures and sells a family of optical-to-electrical converters having a photodiode for converting an optical input signal into a corresponding electrical current. The current signal is coupled to a high frequency amplifier for generating a voltage signal representative of the optical input signal. A variable resistor is provided for adjusting the bias voltage on the amplifier to set the output to ground at a particular current input to the amplifier and at a particular temperature. One drawback to this open loop system is that temperature varies the DC offset and other nonlinearities of the amplifier causing degradation of various measurements.
What is needed is an optical-to-electrical converter having a closed loop system for controlling DC offset and other nonlinearities on the output of a DC-coupled RF amplifier. The automatic output offset control circuit needs to vary the bias voltages on the RF amplifier as the temperature and operating parameters of the optical-to-electrical converter vary over time to minimize the DC offset and other nonlinearities of the amplifier.

Automatic output offset control for a DC-coupled RF amplifier


A method of making an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible trinuclear molybdenum-sulfur compound, comprising: reacting two to less than three equivalents of a tetrahydrocarbyl thiuram disulfide and one equivalent of a compound containing the Mo.sub.3 S.sub.13 !.sup.2- ion to produce a trinuclear molybdenum compound of the formula Mo.sub.3 S.sub.x (L).sub.4 wherein x is from 4 to 10 and L is dihydrocarbyl-dithiocarbamate.

There is a continuing need for new lubricant additives that possess antifriction, antiwear and antioxidant properties. Some molybdenum compounds possess one or more of these properties but are typically less commercially attractive to produce in comparison to other antifliction, antiwear and antioxidant additives. Trinuclear molybdenum sulfur complexes have been found to be promising lube oil additives. Thus, new methods for synthesizing trinuclear molybdenum sulfur containing lube additives would be desirable. Applicants' invention addresses these needs.

Method of synthesizing Mo.sub.3 S.sub.x containing compounds


A printed circuit board (PCB) has a “U” shape circuit connected to a light emitting diode (LED) by a proximal end, connected to a conducting spring by a distal end. LED mounted inside a conducting shell to emit light toward a light guide tube by magnetic attraction realized by a conducting member having a conducting pole; a refill fits through the light guide tube, and a magnet mounted inside a cap member. One lead of the LED electrically connected to an anode of batteries, the other lead electrically connected to the conducting shell. But the batteries are insulated from the conducting shell; a cathode of the batteries electrically connected to the conducting pole, which is insulated from the conducting shell, as the magnet attracts to the conducting pole and conducting shell by magnetic attraction to conduct an electric current, the LED is lit up for illumination.

LED, hidden from view, mounted inside pen to illuminate for writing are already disclosed in international patent database.
Pressing a pushbutton, pushing a slide, rotating a shaft or a cap, or elevating a refill etc., may electrify LED inside pen to illuminate and a further press, push, or rotation of a switch darken it.
As above, equipped with an on-off switch to determine whether LED is lit simply manually operated by user. But, LED inside pen lit up spontaneously without manual operation without on-off switch is sought by the present invention.


An apparatus for attenuation of fluid pressure pulses in a hydraulic system of an automatic transmission is provided. In one embodiment of the invention, a wave tuner is disposed within a fluid conduit between the transmission and a transmission fluid cooler. In another embodiment of the invention, a stand pipe is teed into the conduit with an open end of the stand pipe communicating with the conduit and an opposite closed end reflecting pressure pulses.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to attenuation of fluid pressure pulses in hydraulic systems, and more particularly, to an apparatus for attenuation of fluid pressure pulses in a hydraulic system of an automatic transmission.
2. Discussion of Related Art
Many conventional automotive vehicles include an automatic transmission. Vehicle transmissions enable relatively wide variation in output torque as applied to the vehicle wheels while allowing the vehicle engine to operate within a relatively narrow range of engine speeds. Engine torque and speed are converted in the transmission in accordance with the tractive-power demand of the vehicle. A conventional transmission includes a hydromatic torque convertor to transfer engine torque from the engine crankshaft to a rotatable input member of the transmission through fluid-flow forces. The transmission then uses hydraulic pressure to automatically select the proper gears for the torque and speed requirements of the vehicle. A hydraulic pump is used to maintain proper hydraulic pressure within the transmission and to lubricate components within the transmission. The pump is typically contained within the transmission housing. The transmission fluid is cooled by routing the transmission fluid outside of the transmission housing to a transmission oil cooler that is typically mounted on the vehicle radiator. The transmission fluid is then returned to the transmission where it is redistributed by the pump.
The fluid pump in the transmission produces fluid pressure pulses during operation. These fluid pressure pulses create noise and energy surges at the pumping frequencies that relate to the pump speed. In particular, these pressure pulses produce audible noise, as well as structural vibration, that are transmitted into the vehicle structure. Developing a structure that is not sensitive to these pressure pulses may be time-consuming and costly and greatly affect design flexibility.
The inventors herein have recognized a need for an apparatus for attenuation of fluid pressure pulses in a hydraulic system of an automatic transmission that will minimize and/or eliminate the above-identified deficiencies.

Automotive automatic transmission noise attenuators


A process for the recovery of phytonutrients such as carotenes, phospholipids and ubiquinones from palm oil esters is disclosed. This process comprises the steps of vacuum distillation, treatment and purification of concentrate containing these phytonutrients. The alkyl esters is subjected to at least one stage vacuum distillation at temperature from 80° C. to 220° C. and pressure less than 40 mTorr. The carotenes concentrate is subjected to various physical and chemical treatments to yield higher carotenes concentration enriched with ubiquinones in indigenous diacylglycerols.

Carotenoids are the natural pigments, which impart a rich orange-red colour in plants and animals. Carotenoids are found in abundance (˜600 types) in nature. These include beta-carotene and alpha-carotene, which can be converted into Vitamin A (retinal) in the body. Other non-vitamin A carotenoids includes lycopene and phytoene. All these are present in crude palm oil. In fact, crude palm oil is one of the richest natural plant sources with carotenes with concentration of 500–700 ppm. Carotenoids have a number of important physiological properties. For example lycopene suppresses the growth of various cancer lines. These include the lung and liver cancer as well as colon tumours.
Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10) is a naturally occurring coenzyme found in palm oil. The concentration of ubiquinone in crude palm oil is determined in the range of 10–100 ppm (Hazura et al. 1990). Ubiquinone is found mostly in the inner mitochondrial membrane, especially in the heart, liver, kidney and pancreas. It plays an important role in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is also a powerful antioxidant and free radical's scavenger, and it is believed to possess membrane-stabilising properties. Since its discovery, ubiquinone has been used to aid in the treatment of many cardiovascular diseases such as congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension.
Phospholipids are essential for cell membrane repair, optimum mental function (it provides vital neurotransmitter precursor) and lipid metabolism. Phospholipids (phosphatides) are indispensable components of cell membranes and are also natural emulsifiers, helping fats dissolve in water. They support a healthy cardiovascular system and have been used as a fat emulsifier in preventing arteriosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, brain function, and proper nerve function and maintain proper electrical energy and nutrients transfer across the cell membrane.
A number of patents have been filed on the recovery of carotenes from palm oil. These include U.S. Pat. No. 5,157,132, GB2160874, U.S. Pat. No. 6,072,092 and EP0349138. The recovery processes employ esterification/transesterification, molecular distillation, adsorbent at some stages. The current process is an advanced process integrating steps of at least one stage vacuum distillation, various physical and chemical treatment and purification to the phytonutrients concentrates. The integrated process yields higher carotenes concentration enriched with ubiquinones in indigenous diacylglycerols; and phospholipids enriched fraction.


Polyol impurities in a sorbitan ester mixture is removed by treating a polyol-containing sorbitan ester dissolved in a solution containing a hydrocarbon and a polar organic solvent with an aqueous metal halide salt solution.

Sorbitan fatty acid esters have wide spread utility in many areas as an emulsifying agent in the formation of water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions. They are readily available commercially as SPAN.RTM. emulsifying agents and ALKAMULS.RTM. sorbitan esters.
Sorbitan esters can be manufactured by processes described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,322,820. Generally, sorbitol and a fatty acid, or a combination of fatty acids are reacted at a temperature greater than about 200.degree. C. under a flow of inert gas, in the presence of an acidic or basic catalyst, to produce sorbitan fatty acid esters. A combination of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-esters of sorbitan as well as impurities such as polyols formed by the self-condensation of sorbitan molecules, unreacted sorbitans and isosorbides are produced from this process. These impurities are also present in the commercial sorbitan esters.
It has been found that these polyol impurities tend to form undesirable sludge during emulsifying processes. Therefore, it is desirable to remove these impurities from the sorbitan fatty acid esters in order to avoid the formation of sludge.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a process to purify sorbitan esters containing polyol impurities.


A manhole frame having a top with an opening therein defining a cover seat area, a side wall extending downward from the top to an inwardly extending lower flange, the exterior of the side wall being outwardly extending at its top and inwardly extending at its lower portion down to an inwardly extending lower flange. Also disclosed is a method of installing and raising the manhole frame to a new level.

1. Field of the Invention
The field of this invention resides in the area of manhole frames and more particularly relates to adjustable manhole frames which are easily raisable to new pavement heights.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The standard practice in manhole installations is to supply precast concrete manholes which are assembled at the job site. These manholes extend from the depth of the pipe up to its top cone which is disposed about 12 inches below the road surface. This 12-inch space is for the installation of a manhole frame and cover which assemblies vary in height from 4 to 10 inches. The void between the bottom of the manhole frame's outwardly extending bottom flange and the cone of the concrete manhole is filled with either brick, mortar, brick and mortar, cement block and mortar, or precast concrete rings mortared in.
After installation of the frame, available fill material consisting of gravel or a combination of gravel and dirt is deposited around the exterior of the manhole cone and manhole frame above its outwardly extending bottom flange, and the fill is then compacted with whatever means is available, leaving 2 inches or more on top for the final paving material. Invariably, settling occurs within a short period of time resulting in a separation and cracking of the final paving around the frame. This settling process causes potholes to develop that require constant patching. Over a period of time seepage of surface liquids such as water, gasoline, oil, and in cold climate areas, water carrying salt causes deterioration of the support base under the manhole frame. In areas of severe deep frost penetration, entire sections of the frame and its base can be lifted above the road surface. A great number of these structures have to thus be repaired which repair necessitates extensive and expensive digging out of the entire manhole frame and the subsequent rebuilding of its base.
At the present the vast majority of manhole frame members are of the non-adjustable type, therefore any needed repair necessitates digging them entirely out of the ground to raise, lower, repair or replace worn or broken frames.
It has long been desirable to have a simple and easy way of providing an adjustable manhole frame member to avoid the necessity of digging up the entire manhole frame out of the ground which project entails a great deal of labor with air compressor equipment and jack hammers to cut through the pavement and to loosen the compacted fill with the accompanying great expense and traffic dusruption.
In an attempt to raise manholes without the necessity of digging out the entire structure, one prior technology utilized ring members for placement upon existing frame cover seats into which the covers are replaced. These ring members have limited use as their minimum overall height is greater than the height of the thinner layer of pavement used today. Also, if they are not carefully installed or do not properly fit the cover seat and cavity, these ring members can be dislodged and cause traffic accidents.
Many adjustable manhole frames are disclosed in the prior art. One is the "Preko" adjustable manhole frame disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,858,998 which includes a second frame within an outer frame with screw adjustment means to raise or lower the inner second frame member in relation to the outer frame member so that if the road level is raised, one turns the screws on the manhole, and the inner frame will raise or lower the manhole cover to the desired height. These "Preko" adjustable manhole frames have not gained widespread usage in the industry because of their higher initial cost due to the complexity of machining that must be done to create them and to the inherent fear that the screw elements might jam and fail to operate after the frame has been installed for a long period of time.
Another adjustable type is the "self-level", a United Kingdom invention disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,174,183. This frame is installed during paving operations and requires hot pavement as well as the use of a pavement roller for compression of the paving material and the positioning of the frame. A special exterior concrete ring is also required which is mortared to the base of the manhole. Height adjustments for this frame are limited to shallow height adjustments, and when the frame is raised, a void can be created that could trap water which, if frozen, could force the unit up into the traveled way. Further, unless care is taken to properly fill and compact around the frame's exterior, surface and underground liquids could undermine and/or deteriorate the frame support.
A further development in adjustable manhole frames is disclosed in my U.S. Pat. No. 4,536,103 which provides an improved adjustable manhole frame and method of construction utilizing a formed concrete base or base of brick or cement mortar that supports the frame of the invention in the pavement. As disclosed in this patent, the height and angle of the specially designed inner frame are determined by the method of installation which sets the height and angle of the formed concrete base as the frame is installed.


A self-secure mount for a tubular object includes an outer holder and an inner holder. The outer holder includes two spaced apart holding panels and an arc-shaped cornering panel extended between the two holding panels for applying an elastic clipping force between the holding panels. The inner holder includes two spaced apart clipping panels overlapping with each other to define a clipping channel therebetween, wherein two inner edges of the clipping panels are extended towards a closed end of the clipping channel. The two inner edges of the clipping panels are adapted for pressing against an outer surface of the tubular object to retain the tubular object in position, such that when the holding panels are pressed to minimize a distance therebetween, the clipping force of the outer holder is substantially increased towards the inner edges of the clipping panels to hold the tubular object within the cornering panel.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a method and a device of self-secure mount, and more particularly to the mount of tubular objects on walls, e.g. dry wall.
2. Description of Related Arts
For most currently used cable clamps, wire clips, and pipe mounts, there are two major disadvantages. The first issue is lacking of the adjustment for objects with different diameters. Most of the mounts have a fixed diameter. For every specific object with a specific diameter, a specific mount is required to match. Other wise, if the diameter of the mount is smaller than the diameter of the object, it can not hold the object; if the diameter of the mount is larger than the diameter of the object, the object can not be secured within the mount stably and can be sliding. While there are all different kinds of cables, wires, and tubes, it is difficult to find a mount which is just match. It also cost a lot of resources to fabricate mounts with the whole range of diameters. Some mounts have a rubber inner layer for fastening. But this rubber layer can only supply a small range of adjustment, it can not be applied to objects with large diameters, also the rubber aging will diminish the fastening effect.
Another disadvantage is the mounting process. In most cases, the object needs to be located first, then the mounts can be hooked with the object, and be fixed on the mounting surface. In this way, there is a period of time the object needs to be suspended without the support from the mount. This is inconvenient for the alignment of the object. The present invention will overcome those disadvantages.


A system for permitting a user having a personal directory number (PDN) to use a virtual terminal identified by the PND from any of said telephone terminals that the PDN is linked with. If a request for a virtual terminal assignment and the ID of a user are received from one of the terminals, a PDN linked with the ID in personalized feature data is associated with the TDN of the terminal. Thereafter, if a virtual terminal for the PDN linked with the TDN of the terminal is requested from the terminal, the terminal is associated with personalized feature data identified by the PDN and key data associated with the PDN and the TDN to make the terminal in a personal mode of the PDN. In response to a reception of call processing data from the terminal, a call processing is performed on the basis of the personalized feature data, the key data, and terminal data identified by the TDN for specifying a type of the terminal. If a call is originated by dialing the PDN of a called party while the called party's presence is registered for a nearby terminal, the call is connected to the nearby terminal. The invention is applicable to a PBX system through a nation wide public switched telephone network.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a telecommunication switching system, more particularly to a telephone system and method for permitting a user to use any telephone terminal in the same operational environment as his or her own telephone terminal by means of a virtual telephone terminal assigned to the user.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A variety of telephone features has become available with advances in exchange facilities and telephone terminals. An integrated service digital network (ISDN) provides, for example, calling number indication, call transfer, voice mail services, a private branch exchange (PBX) enables trunk calling limited by a class of service, various kinds of call transfers, speed dialing and function assignment to keys, etc. Most of these features are achieved by using personalized data stored in a feature data storage location associated with the user's home base telephone in the telephone exchange to which the user's home base telephone is connected. According, there is a problem in the prior art that the personalized features are available only from the user' home base telephone.
Arrangements have been devised so far to cope with the problem. One such arrangement is disclosed by Tadahiro Akiyama in U.S. Pat. No. 4,759,056 (1988). Also, Chinmei C. Lee et al. describes in U.S. Pat. No. 4,899,373 an arrangement for making personalized telephone features available to users away from their home base by storing data associated with their ID in a nationally accessible data base system.
However, in such arrangements, a service required by a user may not be supported for the type of the telephone terminal being used by the user. Since neither Akiyama nor Lee et al. have taken telephone terminal types into account in the above cited arrangements, the above problem will rise when the arrangements are applied to a public switched telephone network or a PBX to which various types of telephone terminals are connected.
Another problem with the prior art is that a call is not necessarily connected to the telephone terminal at the location where there is a person to whom the caller desires to talk because the call is placed by specifying as a destination the terminal number or directory number of a telephone terminal at a location where the caller expects the person to be.

Method and system for providing virtual telephone terminals


A method and apparatus for inhibiting restenosis of arteries utilizing Bremstralung created radiation. A preferred apparatus includes an elongate shaft having a heavy-metal envelope disposed on the distal end. The apparatus can include a second elongate shaft slidably disposed parallel to the first shaft for increasing the outer diameter of the envelope by proximally pulling the envelope distal end relative to the envelope proximal end.

Coronary arteries provide blood and nutrients to the heart muscle. The arteries are subject to atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries. Vascular regions have plaques formed within, resulting in stenosed regions having reduced cross-sectional area. The reduced area causes a reduction in transport of blood, oxygen, and nutrients which can result in angina, myocardial infarction and death.
A commonly used method for treating atherosclerosis is Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA). PTCA includes insertion of a balloon catheter through an insertion in the femoral artery near the groin, advancement of the balloon over the aortic arch, further advancement within the selected coronary artery, continuing until the balloon portion is placed across the stenosed region. The balloon is inflated, widening the narrowed vessel region.
After catheter withdrawal, significant vessel reclosure may develop. The reclosure may occur within hours or days of dilation, an "abrupt reclosure". When reclosure does occur, it more commonly occurs progressively, within six months of the angioplasty. The gradual reclosure is referred to as "restenosis", and largely negates the dilatation treatment.
One approach to dealing with restenosis utilizes stents, short tubular sections, placed across the recently dilatated vessel region. Stents can be either self-expanding or balloon-expandable. Stents are normally left in place indefinitely. As the stent is forever pushing radially outward against the vessel wall, the wall may be undesirably irritated over long time periods. Stent ends, which push radially outward, are adjacent to soft tissue which can be irritated by the stent end. Some believe the stent could promote restenosis in the region immediately beyond the stent ends.
Stents commonly have wire mesh or spring structures, with openings in the stent walls. "Intimal hyperplasia", rapid tissue growth through stent openings has also been reported. While the exact mechanism of restenosis is not understood, it is believed that the vessel narrowing is due more to cellular growth mechanisms than to an elastic rebound mechanism.
Thus, to prevent restenosis, use of a stent, or a stent without additional therapy may not be a solution for all patients. An alternative to stents or an additional treatment associated with the use of stents may be desirable for some patients.
One proposed alternative to standard stents is the use of radiation to inhibit restenosis using a radioactive stent. Radioactive stents are indefinitely placed devices, with the possible irritating effects of stents. Furthermore, as stents are commonly formed of open structures such as springs or meshes, portions of vessel walls near stent wires are exposed to cell killing radiation while other vessel areas more remote to stent wires are exposed to much less radiation.

Conversion of beta radiation to gamma radiation for intravascular radiation therapy


A pressure release encoding system for communicating downhole information through a wellbore to a surface location has a valve for providing a fluid restriction to fluid passing in the wellbore, a sensor positioned in the wellbore for sensing a downhole condition in the wellbore, an actuator cooperative with the valve for moving the valve between at least two positions in timed relation to the downhole condition sensed by the sensor, and a detector positioned at the surface location for providing a measurement value at the surface location correlative to the time between the changes of the pressure of the fluid in the wellbore. The sensor is an inclination sensor for sensing an angle of inclination of a drill bit in the wellbore.

In underground drilling, such as gas, oil or geothermal drilling, a bore is drilled through a formation deep in the earth. Such bores are formed by connecting a drill bit to sections of long pipe, referred to as a "drill pipe," so as to form an assembly commonly referred to as a "drill string" that extends from the surface to the bottom of the borehole. The drill bit is rotated so that it advances into the earth, thereby forming the bore. In rotary drilling, the drill bit is rotated by rotating the drill string at the surface. In directional drilling, the drill bit is rotated by a downhole mud motor coupled to the drill bit; the remainder of the drill string is not rotated during drilling. In a steerable drill string, the mud motor is bent at a slight angle to the centerline of the drill bit so as to create a side force that directs the path of the drill bit away from a straight line. In any event, in order to lubricate the drill bit and flush cuttings from its path pumps on the surface pump fluid at a high pressure, referred to as "drilling mud", through an internal passage in the drill string and out through the drill bit. The drilling mud then flows to the surface through the annular passage formed between the drill string and the cut formation borehole.
Depending on the drilling operation, the pressure of the drilling mud flowing through the drill string will typically be between 500 psi and 5000 psi. Some of this pressure is lost at the drill bit so that the pressure of the drilling mud flowing outside the drill string is less than that flowing inside the drill string. In addition, the components of the drill string are also subjected to wear and abrasion from drilling mud, as well as the vibration of the drill string.
The distal end of a drill string is the bottom hole assembly (BHA), which includes the drill bit, the bit sub and drill collars. In "measurement while drilling" (MWD) applications, sensing modules in the BHA provide information concerning the direction of the drilling. This information can be used, for example, to control the direction in which the drill bit advances in a steerable drill string. Such sensors may include a magnetometer to sense azimuth and accelerometers to sense inclination and tool face direction.
Historically, information concerning the conditions in the well, such as information about the formation being drilled through, was obtained by stopping drilling, removing the drill string, and lowering sensors into the bore using a wireline cable, which were then retrieved after the measurements had been taken. This approach was known as wireline logging. More recently, sensing modules have been incorporated into the BHA to provide the drill operator with essentially realtime information concerning one or more aspects of the drilling operation as the drilling progresses. In "logging while drilling" (LWD) applications, the drilling aspects about which information is supplied comprise characteristics of the formation being drilled through. For example, resistivity sensors may be used to transmit, and then receive, high frequency wavelength signals (e.g., electromagnetic waves) that travel through the formation surrounding the sensor. By comparing the transmitted and received signals, information can be determined concerning the nature of the formation through which the signal traveled, such as whether it contains water or hydrocarbons. Other sensors are used in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Still other sensors include gamma scintillators, which are used to determine the natural radioactivity of the formation, and nuclear detectors, which are used to determine the porosity and density of the formation.
In traditional LWD and MWD systems, electrical power is supplied by a turbine driven by the mud flow. More recently, battery modules have been developed that are incorporated into the BHA to provide electrical power.
In both LWD and MWD systems, the information collected by the sensors must be transmitted to the surface, where it can be analyzed. Such data transmission is typically accomplished using a technique referred to as "mud pulse telemetry." In a mud pulse telemetry system, signals from the sensor modules are typically received and processed in a microprocessor-based data encoder embodied in a collar as part of the BHA, which digitally encodes the sensor data. A controller in the control module then actuates a pulser, also incorporated into the BHA, that generates pressure pulses within the flow of drilling mud that contains the encoded information. The pressure pulses are defined by a variety of characteristics, including amplitude (the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the pressure), duration (the time interval during which the pressure is increased), shape, and frequency (the number of pulses per unit time). Various encoding systems have been developed using one or more pressure pulse characteristics to represent binary data (i.e., bit 1 or 0)—for example, a pressure pulse of 0.5 second duration represents binary 1, while a pressure pulse of 1.0 second duration represents binary 0. The pressure pulses travel up the column of drilling mud flowing down to the drill bit, where they are sensed by a strain gauge-based pressure transducer. The data from the pressure transducers are then decoded and analyzed by the drilling rig operating personnel.
In the past, various patents have issued relating to the transmission of downhole condition to a surface location. U.S. Pat. No. 3,867,714, issued on Feb. 18, 1975 to B. J. Patton, describes a logging-while-drilling (LWD) system which is positioned within the drill string of a well drilling apparatus. The system includes a tool which has a turbine-like, signal-generating valve which rotates to generate a pressure wave signal in the drilling fluid which is representative of a measured downhole condition.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,520,468, issued on May 28, 1985 to S. A. Scherbatskoy, provides measurement-while-drilling (MWD) systems. The measurements are transmitted to the earth by a pulser which produces common responses to electrical signals from a measuring instrument, and pressure pulses in the drilling fluid which are detected and decoded at the surface of the earth. The pulser is mounted in a special pulser sub which is of short length and enlarged internal diameter compared to the standard drill pipe and which is threadly secured at each end to the drill string. An elongated housing is supported by the pulser sub. This elongated housing contains instrumentation or batteries and is connected to the pulser.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,562,560, issued on Dec. 31, 1985 to A. W. Kamp, provides a method and means for transmitting data through a drill string in a borehole. The data is in the form of pressure waves (such as pressure pulses) which are generated by means of a downhole mud motor that is driven by the drilling mud. The pressure waves are generated by varying the load on the mud motor according to a predetermined pattern that is representative of the data to be transmitted.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,679,894, issued on Oct. 21, 1997 to Kruger et al., describes a drilling system in which sensors are placed at selected locations in the drill string so as to continually measure various downhole operating parameters, including the differential pressure across the mud motor, rotational speed of the mud motor, torque, temperature, pressure differential between the fluid passing through the mud motor and the annulus between the drill string and the borehole, and the temperature of the circulating fluid. A downhole control circuit has a microprocessor so as to process signals from the sensors and transmit the process data uphole to a surface control unit by way of suitable telemetry.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,105,690, issued on Aug. 22, 2000 to Biglin, Jr. et al., provides a method and apparatus for communicating with a device downhole in a well, such as a sub in the BHA at the end of the drill string. Pressure pulses, such as those generated by the pistons of the mud pump, are transmitted through the drilling mud to a pressure pulsation sensor in the BHA. Based on its analysis of the pressure pulsations, the sensor can decipher a command from the surface so as to direct the steering of a steerable drill string.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,443,228, issued on Sep. 3, 2002 to Aronstam et al., is a method for utilizing flowable devices in wellbores. These flowable devices are used to provide communication between surface and the downhole instruments so as to establish a communication network in the wellbore. The flowable devices are adapted to move with a fluid flowing in the wellbore. The flowable device can be a memory device or a device that can provide a measurement of a parameter of interest. The flowable devices are introduced into the flow of a fluid flowing through a wellbore. The fluid moves the device in the wellbore. The flowable device is returned to the surface with the returning fluid.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,691,804, issued on Feb. 17, 2004 to W. H. Harrison, describes a directional borehole drilling system and method. Instrumentation located near the bit measures the present position when the bit is static and a dynamic toolface measures position when the bit is rotating. The data is processed to determine the error between present position and a desired trajectory.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,714,138, issued on Mar. 30, 2004 to Turner et al., discloses a method and apparatus for transmitting information to the surface from downhole in a well in which a pulser is incorporated into the BHA of a drill string that generates pressure coded pulses to contain information concerning the drilling operation. The pressure pulses travel to the surface where they are detected and decoded so as to decipher the information. The pulser includes a stator forming passages through which drilling fluid flows on its way to the drill bit. The rotor has blades that obstruct the flow of the drilling fluid through the passage when the rotor is rotated into a first orientation and when rotated into a second orientation, such that the oscillation of the rotor generates the encoded pressure pulses. An electric motor, under the operation of a controller, drives a drive train that oscillates the rotor between the first and second orientation. The controller controls one or more characteristics of the pressure pulses by varying the oscillation of the rotor. The controller may receive information concerning the characteristics of the pressure pulses from a pressure sensor mounted proximate the BHA, as well as information concerning the angular orientation of the rotor by means of an encoder. The controller may also receive instructions for controlling the pressure pulse characteristics from the surface by means of encoded pressure pulses transmitted to the pulser from the surface that are sensed by the pressure sensor and decoded by the controller.
Conventional downhole tools, MWD tools and steering tools typically will use a dedicated mud pulser (valve) that requires a large amount of power to actuate the valve and modulate the mud pressures in a manner that can be detected with a pressure transducer at the surface. These tools are cost prohibitive as a means of transmitting the direction of the borehole when drilling vertical boreholes. Typically, periodic measurement of the "verticality of the well" is required by measuring the inclination of the borehole as the well is drilled deeper. Most vertically drilled wells use a cost-effective mechanical "drift indicator" that is lowered via a wireline into the well to make the inclination measurements at the required depth and pulled out of the hole to read the inclination. Mechanical drift tools are currently being replaced by electronic drift indicators. The industry has a need for a cost effective tool that can send inclination information to the surface without requiring the stopping of the drilling operation and the running of the wireline tool into the wellbore.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a cost effective system for communicating downhole directional information to the surface.
It is another object of the present invention to improve the existing use of the float valve (i.e. the reverse flow functionality) by imposing a pressure release encoding system.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a system and method that does not require significant modification of the drilling sub which is already employed in the BHA.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a pressure release encoding system and method which utilizes a minimal amount of power during the transmission of pressure information to the surface.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a system and method whereby downhole conditions can be monitored in a relatively realtime manner at a surface location.
It is a further object of the present invention to make use of shock and movement sensors to allow the tool to automatically activate when in a borehole and automatically shut down when not needed such that surface communication to the tool is not required prior to running the tool down hole.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from a reading of the attached specification and appended claims.

System for communicating downhole information through a wellbore to a surface location


An industrial truck, in particular a fork lift truck, is provided with a rear weight and an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine is fastened to the rear weight. The internal combustion engine is advantageously mounted so that it can oscillate around an axis that extends in the transverse direction of the industrial truck.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to an industrial truck and, more particularly, to a fork lift truck having a rear weight and an internal combustion engine.
2. Description of the Currently Available Technology
During the operation of an industrial truck, the internal combustion engine located in the truck generates vibrations that are frequently transmitted via the vehicle frame into other areas of the industrial truck which include, for example, the vicinity of the driver's cab. Consequently, structural noises and vibrations are generated that are frequently experienced as a significant annoyance by the person in the driver's cab. The rear weight or "counterweight", which is usually connected to the vehicle frame of the industrial truck, represents a component that is independent of the internal combustion engine in known industrial trucks.
On industrial trucks of the prior art it is customary to fasten the internal combustion engine to the vehicle frame and to use damping elements to minimize the transmission of vibrations from the engine to the frame. Such a mounting of the internal combustion engine is relatively complex and expensive. Further, with this location of the internal combustion engine, it is not possible to completely isolate the various components of the industrial truck from the vibrations of the internal combustion engine.
Therefore, it is an object of the invention to provide an industrial truck on which it is possible to use an easily manufactured mounting of the internal combustion engine to prevent the transmission of vibrations into additional components of the industrial truck, in particular into the vicinity of the driver's cab.

Industrial truck with a rear weight and an internal combustion engine


According to aspects of the disclosure, a method and system are provided for managing signaling in a wireless communication network. In accordance with the disclosure, a base station radiates to provide an antenna radiation pattern defining a coverage area, and the base station serves a UE in the coverage area defined by the antenna radiation pattern. The base station also selects, based on the determined antenna radiation pattern, a CSI reporting rate. Responsive to the selection of the CSI reporting rate, the base station causes the UE to periodically report CSI to the base station according to the selected CSI reporting rate.

Unless otherwise indicated herein, the description provided in this section is not itself prior art to the claims and is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
In a wireless communication system, a base station may provide one or more coverage areas, such as cells or sectors, in which the base station may serve user equipment devices (UEs), such as cell phones, wirelessly-equipped personal computers or tablets, tracking devices, embedded wireless communication modules, or other devices equipped with wireless communication functionality (whether or not operated by a human user). To facilitate this, the base station may have one or more antennas that provide one or more radiation patterns defining the coverage areas.
In general, each coverage area may operate on one or more carriers each defining one or more ranges of frequency spectrum and having a respective downlink channel for carrying communications from the base station to UEs and a respective uplink channel for carrying communications from the UEs to the base station. Such carriers may be frequency division duplex (FDD), in which the downlink and uplink channels are defined as separate respective ranges of frequency, or time division duplex (TDD), in which the downlink and uplink channels are defined on a common range of frequency but are distinguished through time division multiplexing. Further, the downlink channel and uplink channel of each carrier may also be divided into respective sub-channels for carrying particular communications, such as one or more control channels for carrying control signaling and one or more traffic channels for carrying application-layer data and other traffic.
For instance, in a system operating according to an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) protocol, such as the Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) for example, the air interface is divided over time into slots, and the uplink and downlink channels are each divided over their frequency bandwidth into sub-carriers that are grouped within each slot into resource blocks. When a UE is positioned within coverage of a base station in such a system, the UE may register or "attach" with the base station on a particular carrier on which the base station is configured to provide service, and the base station may then schedule particular downlink and uplink resource blocks on that carrier to carry data communications to and from the UE.
When a base station serves a UE, the base station and UE may modulate their air interface data communications at a coding rate selected based on the UE's channel quality, such as with higher coding rate when the UE has better channel quality and with a lower coding rate when the UE has worse channel quality. Further, while the base station serves the UE, the UE's channel quality may change for a variety of reasons such as, for example, due to channel fading or multipath (i.e., a condition in which a signal reaches an antenna by two or more paths causing interference that can reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal received by the antenna). To determine the channel quality for a UE, the base station may employ a channel state feedback reporting procedure. For instance, in an LTE system, the UE periodically reports to the base station channel state information (CSI), which includes, among other things, a channel quality indicator (CQI) that takes into account factors such as signal-to-noise ratio, antenna configuration, UE receiver type, and so forth. The UE determines the CSI based, at least in part, on downlink transmissions, and the UE reports the CSI to the base station using uplink channels at regular intervals specified by the base station (i.e., according to a specified "CSI reporting rate"). The base station may then determine from the reported CSI a particular coding rate to use for communication with the UE, and the base station may allocate air interface resources and schedule transmissions of data accordingly. It is thus beneficial for the base station to have accurate and up-to-date information of the prevailing channel quality for a UE so that the base station can, among other things, make appropriate decisions as to coding rate.

Management of channel state information reporting rate in a communications system