According to the principles of the first embodiment of the present invention, a midsole of a shoe comprising an integral midsole, an outer sole with transparent discs, a board last of tractable stiffness; a mechanical spring located within the midsole; and, an upper shoe body. The shoe being capable of providing line-of-sight viewing of the internally mounted contrivances for structural monitoring throughout the life of the shoe so as to improve durability, process of making comfort and acceptability.

Shoes that contain mechanical springs or other contrivances in a prescribed volume between the foot and the surfaces on which a person is walking or running are known to develop functional problems that results in their nonuse or failure of the devices inserted in the sole to increase comfort, reduce fatigue or increase the athlete performance of the wearer. There are shoes with contrivances in the midsole that provide for cushioning of the foot against shock during a foot strike. This shock reduction can be achieved by various design and engineering techniques. Typically, inventors make use of a multiplicity of metal small diameter wave springs or cone springs. It is a primary objective of this invention to provide a shoe that uses large diameter metal cone springs in the midsole mounted in a manner such that the large diameter terminal end of the spring is proximate the board last. A second objective is provide integral wrist pin throughhole on mount discs in the out sole that allows for viewing of the spring from without while simultaneously providing a lower bearing surface for each in contact therewith. A still further objective is to provide shoe with an insole with stiffness greater than the spring rate of the selected springs such that the insole will not deform against the foot while bearing against the springs. Other objectives will become obvious during the course of the detailed description of the shoe of this invention.


One known type of machine in use for separating meat from feed material containing sinew-like material and bone particles includes a foraminous cylinder or sleevelike screen in which a conveying auger rotates. Such feed material is introduced into the infeed end of the cylinder/auger combination. The auger conveys the feed material toward the discharge end of the combination. During conveyance, meat is separated by exuding through the foramina. Compacted residue formed primarily of bone particles and sinew-like material discharges through a restricted orifice provided by a valve located at the discharge end of the cylinder/auger combination. Heretofore, the foramina in the screen were arranged in circumferential rows separated from each other by circumferential bands free of foramina. According to the present invention, novel foraminous cylinders or screens are provided in which the foraminous areas do not include circumferential bands which are free of foramina. Instead, the foramina or holes are arranged in circumferential rows with the holes in each row of adjacent rows being tangent on one side to a common circumferential line. By eliminating foramina-free bands, the number or concentration of the foramina can be substantially increased. The novel foraminous cylinders improve the operation of the meat separating machines by substantially reducing the temperature rise in the exuded meat (e.g. by 15.degree. to 20.degree. F.) and substantially increasing the throughput (e.g. by 30 to 40%).

This invention relates generally to a new and useful improvement in meat separating machines of the type wherein a conveying screw or auger rotates within a foraminous cylinder or sleeve-like screen so as to separate meat from an infeed material which has an appreciable content of sinew-like material and bone particles. In particular, this invention relates to improvements in the foraminous screens or cylinders utilized in such meat separating machines.
Rotary screw-type deboners or meat separating machines of the type in which a foraminous cylinder or sleeve-like screen and conveying auger or screw form important components are disclosed in a number of U.S. Pat. Nos. including: RE 32,531 to Beck et al. dated Oct. 27, 1987; RE 31,631 to McFarland dated Jul. 17, 1984; 4,303,206 to Prince et al. dated Dec. 1, 1981; 4,546,927 to Bloome and Shaw dated Oct. 15, 1985 and 4,824,027 to Shaw and Brooker dated Apr. 25, 1989. The disclosures of Beck et al. RE 32,531, Bloome and Shaw 4,546,927 and Shaw and Brooker 4,824,027, all assigned to The Kartridg Pak Co. of Davenport, Iowa, are incorporated by reference herein. In meat separating machines of the foregoing type an infeed containing appreciable contents of sinew-like material and bone particles is subjected to continuous axial compression of the meat-sinew-bone mass with resultant extrusion of liquid meat through the holes or foramina in the cylinder on screen surrounding the compression conveying screw or auger.
In accordance with this invention, it has been ascertained that the efficiency of operation of such a screw-type deboner or meat separating machine depends upon the relative ability of the screw or auger to generate high compression inside the screen or cylinder by minimizing circumferential slip of the meat-sinew-bone mass with respect to the stationary screen and maximizing slip with respect to the flights on the rotating screw or auger. The degree to which undesirable circumferential slip occurs is believed to reduce the efficiency of the separating process resulting in additional passes of the meat-sinew-bone mass over the screen orifices, thereby frictionally increasing the temperature of the extruded meat product and the amount of bone sheared off by the edges of the screen orifices which passes out as fine bone particles with the meat product.
According to the present invention, the screen anti-rotational gripping action on the meat-sinew-bone mass is materially increased by the design of the screen hole drilling configuration or pattern which eliminates undrilled circumferential areas or bands in the screen drilled areas and by increasing the number of holes or orifices for a given size orifice or hole. The anti-rotational gripping tendency is produced and enhanced by the extrusion of meat fibers into the screening holes or orifices. These fibers tend to plug the screen holes or orifices and are cut off by either the edge of the compression screw flights, in the case of meat separating machines wherein the augers rotate at relatively low revolutions per minute (e.g. under about 200 rpm), or by the relatively high speed motion of the bone particles or fragments in the case of high auger rpm machines (e.g. 900 rpm and above).
Previous screen or foraminous cylinder designs were based upon drilling patterns of circumferentially extending rows of holes which resulted in intervening undrilled parallel circumferetial bands extending at 90.degree. to the longitudinal axis of a cylinder. It is now believed that these undrilled band areas resulted in a reduction of engagement of the meat fibers per unit area and a correspondingly lower anti-rotational frictional grip on the meat-sinew-bone mass.
The drilled hole pattern in accordance with the present invention provides an optimum hole configuration which eliminates the prior undrilled circumferential bands while increasing the number of gripping holes or orifices. The result is that in a typical operation, the meat product temperature rise is substantially reduced (i.e. typically by 15.degree.-20.degree. F.) with a concurrent increase in throughput for a given bone discharge orifice setting (e.g. 30 to 40% increases in throughput).
The object of the invention, generally stated, is the provision of new and improved foraminous cylinders or sleeve-like screens for use in rotary screw-type deboners Which in the operation of such meat separating machines result in substantial reductions in the temperature rise of the separated or extruded meat while at the same time substantially increasing the throughput capacity of the machines.
An important object of the invention is to be able to achieve such significant reductions in temperature and concurrent increases in throughput by utilizing patterns for the foramina or holes in the walls of the screens or cylinders which eliminate the prior undrilled circumferential bands and which greatly increase the number or concentration or holes or orifices.


In a surface inspection system for detecting particles on a surface, a light source mounted to illuminate the surface provides multiple wavelength ranges of electromagnetic radiation. An optical detector produces an image of the surface. An optical signal is produced indicative of returned electromagnetic radiation at each of a plurality of the multiple wavelength ranges from a field of view on the surface. A processor operating on the optical signals resolves presence of a contaminant as a function of the optical signals, and produces a contaminant signal responsive to presence of a contaminant. A heating means positioned to evolve contaminants from the surface is responsively coupled to be activated in response to a contaminant signal. The multiple wavelength ranges comprise ultraviolet, visible, and infrared wavelengths. The processor comprises means to perform false color contrast stretching.

Many fields benefit from composite bonding inspection, including the aerospace and construction industries. Foreign materials (contaminants) can affect the surface energy of the bond surface, causing an impact on adhesion. As foreign materials can be sensed via the use of non destructive evaluation (NDE), this allows the use of something other than the direct measurement of the surface structure to evaluate the quality of the surface. Non contact sensing has the advantage of not touching the surface, a distinct improvement over existing methods. This approach was designed around the concept of being environmentally friendly, uses no consumables and is totally benign to the surfaces being bonded.

Portable composite bonding inspection system


Mutant LIGHT expressed in a tumor environment elicited high levels of chemokines and adhesion molecules, accompanied by massive infiltration of naïve T lymphocytes. Methods and compositions to elicit immune responses against tumors including tumor volume reduction and eradication of metastasis using mutant LIGHT are disclosed.

The paucity of activated T cells infiltrating established tumors in immunocompetent hosts helps to explain the inability of hosts to dispose of tumors. Experiments in animal models as well as clinical studies indicate that the immune system can recognize and kill individual tumor cells, but a host cannot generally eradicate established solid tumors. There may be several explanations for the failure of the host to respond effectively to established tumors: 1) lack of early T cell priming due to poor direct or indirect presentation in lymphoid tissues because of an inadequate number of tumor cells (especially those of non-hemopoietic origin) migrating to the lymphoid tissue; 2) inadequate numbers of immune cells migrating to tumor sites due to biological barriers around tumor tissues; 3) exhausted or short-lived activated antigen-specific T cells that fail to combat tumor growth due to limited repertoires; 4) unresponsiveness or ignorance of T cells to tumors; 5) an inhibitory microenvironment or lack of stimulation inside tumors to activate the immune system.
Clinically, increase of infiltration of T cells to the tumor site is closely associated with better prognosis. Previous studies have shown that preventive vaccinations were effective in inducing the rejection of inoculated tumor cells. After tumor growth has been established, however, the therapeutic vaccinations usually fail to reject tumors. Surgical debulk of tumor does not boost the immune response to tumors. Furthermore, it was reported that even the expression of a strong antigen on tumor cells was insufficient in promoting the rejection of an established tumor, despite the presence of excessive numbers of antigen-specific T cells in the lymphoid tissues. Lack of T cells priming and/or infiltrating an established tumor is one of the major obstacles for either natural or therapeutic approaches against antigenic cancers. In addition, insufficient expression of costimulatory molecules inside tumor tissues may fail to activate infiltrating T cells and result in the anergy of tumor-reactive T cells.
The lack of early T cell priming is possibly attributed to only a few tumor cells that migrated from solid tissue to lymphoid tissues for direct presentation. Genetic analysis using bone marrow chimeras has revealed two modes of antigen presentation for priming MHC-1-restricted CD8+ T cells. Direct-priming is mediated by the engagement of T cells with the cells that synthesize the protein with antigenic epitopes, whereas cross-priming is mediated by the host antigen-presenting cells that take up antigens synthesized by other cells. The mechanisms for priming tumor-specific T cells has been vigorously debated and so far remains inconclusive. Understanding how and where tumor antigens are presented to T cells would help find a therapeutic action against tumors.
LIGHT (homologous to lymphotoxin, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for herpes virus entry mediator, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes) is a recently identified type II transmembrane glycoprotein of the TNF ligand superfamily. LIGHT (TNFSF14) is a tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) family member that interacts with Lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) and herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) mainly expressed on stromal cells and T cells, respectively. LTβR signaling is required for the formation of organized lymphoid structures, which can be attributed, at least in part, to its ability to induce the expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules that attract naïve T cells and dendritic cells (DC) in lymphoid organs. Stimulation of LTβR on stromal cells by LIGHT in vivo leads to the expression of CCL21, which attracts naïve T cells in the T cell area of the spleen in the absence of LTαβ, another ligand for LTβR. These results demonstrate that LIGHT is able to interact with LTβR to regulate CCL21 chemokine expression. In addition, LIGHT also exhibits a potent, CD28-independent co-stimulatory activity for T cell priming and expansion leading to enhanced T cell immunity against tumors and/or increased autoimmunity. Signaling via LTβR is required for the formation of organized lymphoid tissues. Lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) plays an important role in the formation of lymphoid structures. LTβR is activated by two members of the TNF family, membrane lymphotoxin αβ and LIGHT (FIG. 1). LTβR plays pivotal roles in the formation of LNs and the distinct organization of T, B zones in secondary lymphoid organs. Signaling via LTβR regulates the expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules within secondary lymphoid organs. Chemokines and adhesion molecules control the migration and positioning of DCs and lymphocytes in the spleen. Over-expression of soluble LT or TNF in non-lymphoid tissues was sufficient to promote functional lymphoid neogenesis.
LIGHT plays a unique role in T cell activation and the formation of lymphoid tissue. LIGHT is a ligand for LTβR and herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM). LIGHT is predominantly expressed on lymphoid tissues. Interactions between LIGHT and LTβR restore lymphoid structures in the spleen of LTα−/− mice. In addition, upregulation of LIGHT causes T cell activation and migration into non-lymphoid tissues and forms lymphoid-like structures. Conversely, LIGHT−/− mice showed impaired T cell activation and delayed cardiac rejection. Therefore, LIGHT is a potent costimulatory molecule that also promotes the formation of lymphoid tissues to enhance local immune responses. Lack of efficient priming of naïve T cells in draining lymphoid tissues and the inability to expand tumor-specific T cells within tumors prevent the eradication of cancer.
Micrometastases (small aggregates of cancer cells visible microscopically) can become established at a very early stage in the development of heterogeneous primary tumors and seed distal tissue sites prior to their clinical detection. For example, the detectable metastasis in breast cancer can be observed when the primary tumor size is very small. Therefore, at the time of diagnosis many cancer patients already have microscopic metastasis, an observation that has led to the development of post-surgical adjuvant therapy for patients with solid tumors. Despite these advances, success has been limited, and optimal treatment of metastatic disease continues to pose a significant challenge in cancer therapy.
A variety of human and murine cancers have been proven to be antigenic and able to be recognized by T cells. Tumor-reactive T cells could theoretically seek out and destroy tumor antigen-positive cancer cells and spare the surrounding healthy tissues. However, the naturally existing T cell responses against malignancies in human are often not sufficient to cause regression of the tumors, primary or metastases. It has been recently reported that sporadic spontaneous but immunogenic tumors avoid destruction by inducing T cell tolerance but that activation of tumor antigen-specific T cells may completely prevent the development of spontaneous tumors. Thus, breaking tolerance and generating such T cells capable of rejecting tumors around the time of treatment of the primary tumor could represent a potential approach to clearing metastatic tumor cells. As antigen-lost variants can escape under immunological pressure, immunotherapy should be applicable independent of knowledge of specific tumor antigens.
From an immunological perspective, present clinical strategies hinder the immune defense against malignancies and further diminish the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Although removal of a tumor may reverse tumor-induced immune suppression, surgical excision of the primary tumor before immunotherapy also removes the major source of antigen, which may lead to a reduction of the activation of CTLs since the efficiency of priming is correlated with the tumor antigen load. In addition, currently utilized adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy and radiation therapy that is meant to kill residual tumor cells may in fact impair anti-tumor immune responses by destroying or inhibiting T cells.
A challenge in developing an effective immunotherapy is to devise an approach to increase the number or enhance the function of circulating tumor-specific T cells that may detect and destroy microscopic metastatic cells before they become clinically meaningful.
In the present disclosure, inducing immune responses in tumor tissues via mutant LIGHT prior to surgery generated sufficient primed antigen-specific effector T cells to exit the tumor and eradicate metastasis. Delivery of mutant LIGHT, using a recombinant adenovirus into to the primary tumor of 4T1 mammary carcinoma bearing mice also mediated prevention and eradication of spontaneous metastasis.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Increased T-cell tumor infiltration and eradication of metastases by mutant light


Minimal memory access times are realized by using a single access to a read-modify-write bank. read-modify-write memory including at least one read-or-write bank is operated in a manner that uses at most one access to each of the at least one read-or-write banks for each read-modify-write access to the memory during a memory cycle. The access can be effected during a single clock cycle and can be used for read, write and read-modify-write memory access.

A variety of memory applications, such as SRAM, DRAM, thin capacitively coupled thyristor applications and others, include a read-or-write bank having a set of memory cells for read-or-write data access. In a minimally prescribed amount of time (hereinafter a "bank cycle"), data is read from or written to a subset of those cells (hereinafter a "word"). The read-or-write access rate of such a memory is the frequency at which read or write operations may be performed, and is comparable to the inverse of the bank cycle time, with the bank cycle time increasing as the capacity of the bank increases.
An array of read-or-write banks can be combined in a read-or-write memory to attain a large memory capacity while keeping the bank cycle time of the memory to a minimum. In such a memory, a "memory cycle" is the time in which a word can be read from or written to the read-or-write memory via access to an appropriate read-or-write bank. Thus, the memory cycle time of the memory is typically comparable to or greater than the bank cycle time. The read-or-write access rate of such a memory array is the frequency at which read or write operations can be performed, and is comparable to the inverse of the memory cycle time.
Read-modify-write data access is another type of data access that is desirable in a variety of memory applications. In such applications, one or more words of data are read from memory, modified and written back into the memory. For brevity, further discussion is limited to single words with the understanding that this following discussion of example embodiments can be extended to multiple words of data.
In some instances, read-or-write memory has been utilized to support read-modify-write operations. For example, one memory cycle can be used to read a word that is subsequently modified over a period of zero or more memory cycles. The word is then written back to the memory in another memory cycle. The modification of the data does not actually use the memory: therefore, other memory accesses may be interleaved during the period of time during which the data is being modified. Thus, this read-or-write memory has a read-modify-write access using two memory operations, with two corresponding memory cycles, from the read-or-write memory. Therefore, the read-modify-write access rate of the memory (e.g., the frequency with which read-modify-write operations may be performed) has been one half the read-or-write access rate.

Read-modify-write memory using read-or-write banks


A dispersion of formononetin solid lipid nanoparticles and process for its preparation, namely having (i) a core system comprising formononetin, a lipid base, and a fluid medium, and (ii) an emulsifier system comprising an emulsifier, and water. The dispersion of formononetin solid lipid nanoparticles of the present disclosure can be used for treating cancer, osteoporosis, diabetes, and inflammation. The dispersion of formononetin solid lipid nanoparticles of the present disclosure are biocompatible, biodegradable, has improved solubility, has enhanced controlled drug release profile and are stable.

The background information herein below relates to the present disclosure but is not necessarily prior art.
Formononetin is an o-methylated isoflavone. Formononetin possess diverse pharmacological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-osteoporosis, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory. However, due to poor oral bioavailability of formononetin, it fails to attain the pharmacological activity with the desired dose. In addition, the formulations having formononetin are not biocompatible, and are unstable.
Therefore, there is felt a need for a formulation that mitigates the aforestated drawbacks.

Dispersion of formononetin solid lipid nanoparticles and process for its preparation


A permanent magnet rotor includes a rotor shaft, a rotor packet that is secured to the rotor shaft and that has a radially inner region and a radially outer region, reception pockets provided in the rotor packet between its radially inner region and its radially outer region and permanent magnets that are positioned in the reception pockets. Clearances are provided in the radially inner region of the rotor packet. The permanent magnets are fixed in the respectively associated reception pocket by means of a projection of a part region of the inner region, wherein the part region is arranged between the respective clearance and the respective reception pocket.

The invention relates to a permanent magnet rotor which has a rotor shaft, a rotor packet fastened to the rotor shaft and having a radially inner region and a radially outer region, reception pockets provided in the rotor packet between its radially inner region and its radially outer region, and permanent magnets positioned in the reception pockets.
DE 198 51 883 A1 discloses a permanent-magnet-excited synchronous machine with a sheet-laminated rotor packet into which permanent magnets are embedded. At least one magnetic flux barrier is provided at least between a recess for receiving a permanent magnet consisting of at least one magnetic plate and the air gap of the synchronous machine. At the virtual meeting of two recesses which serve for receiving the permanent magnets, the recesses are shaped such that, in addition to fixing of the permanent magnets, stray webs are also obtained.
A permanent-magnet-excited rotor for an electric machine is known from U.S. Pat. No. 4,486,679 A. This known rotor has in its rotor sheet packet recesses into which permanent magnets are introduced. Webs running in the radial direction are provided between adjacent recesses. Thin bridges are located between the outer margins of the recesses and the outer circumference of the rotor sheet packet. The permanent magnets are fixed in the recesses by the bridges being pressed in and due to the resulting deformation of the webs extending in the radial direction.
Furthermore, it is already known for permanent magnets provided in recesses of a rotor packet to be adhesively bonded, sealed in or fastened, using clamps, within these recesses.
The object of the invention is to develop a permanent magnet rotor which has a rotor shaft, a rotor packet fastened to the rotor shaft, reception pockets provided in the rotor packet and permanent magnets positioned in the reception pockets, in such a way that the fastening of the permanent magnets in the reception pockets is improved.

Permanent magnet rotor with projections for fixing the permanent magnets of the rotor packet

Brose Fahrzeugteile GmbH & Kommanditgesellschaft, Würzburg


Disclosed are systems, apparatuses, and methods to deploy and stow a deployable equipment to and from a hoist, to control a load on a suspension without transfer of torque to the suspension cable, for the deployable equipment to obtain data and information from the hoist, and for the deployable equipment to control the hoist, such as a reel of a hoist, to control a z-axis of a terminal end of the suspension cable. Control of the z-axis may be, for example, to control an elevation of a load, such as relative to carrier, ground, or an objective or target, to control a tension on or of suspension cable. Control of the z-axis may be, for example, to control a rate of ascent or descent of a terminal end of suspension cable.

People and/or objects, such as equipment, ("loads") may be transported to or from a location as a load suspended by a suspension cable from a helicopter or crane or from a fixed-wing aircraft, using a hoist system. Cranes, helicopters, and fixed-wing aircraft may be referred to herein as "carriers". When a transportation operation is performed by a fixed-wing aircraft, the transportation operation may be performed by the fixed-wing aircraft orbiting an extraction point, with the suspension cable forming a spiral, with the center of the spiral brought to the general area of the extraction point by relocating the center of orbit of the orbiting fixed-wing aircraft. Loads are typically not buoyant, though may be. During operations by carriers, loads are subject to winds and other external and internal forces that may cause the load to move in an unstable, unpredictable, undesirable, and/or hazardous manner.
In hoist and sling operations or otherwise when transporting a suspended load by a carrier, observed motion of suspended loads includes the following components: vertical translation (motion up and down) along the Y axis (referred to herein as "vertical translation"); horizontal translation along either or both the X and Z axis; and rotation or "yaw" about the Y axis. Roll (rotation about the X axis) and pitch (rotation about the Z axis) may also occur, though if a load is suspended by a cable and is not buoyant, the typical motions are vertical translation, horizontal translation, and yaw. Vertical and horizontal translation may be caused by movement of the suspension cable, movement of the carrier, winding of a wench up or down relative to a carrier, movement of the load, differences in speed and momentum between the load and the carrier, by wind—including propeller wash—impacts, by interaction between the load and a spiraling suspension cable, and external forces. Horizontal translation can manifest as lateral motion or as conical pendulum motion of the load, with the pivot point of the pendulum where the cable is secured to the carrier ("pendular motion"); pendular motion generally also includes a component of vertical translation and may also be referred to as elliptical motion. During extraction operations by fixed-wing carriers, the bottom of the spiraling suspension cable may only approximately find the desired extraction point and the extracted load may be subject to undesirable "yo-yo" effects, in which the bottom of the spiral bobs up and down; "yo-yo" effects are also referred to herein with the term, "vertical translation".
Yaw, lateral motion, pendular motion, and vertical translation complicate lift operations, cause delays, injury, and can lead to death of aircrew, crane operators, and of people on the ground. Yaw can produce dizziness and disorientation in humans and non-human animals. Undesired vertical translation can result in a load, which may include a human, impacting the ground, impacting objects in the environment, or being subject to undesirable acceleration. Yaw, lateral and pendular motion, and vertical translation can also interfere with bringing a load into or delivering a load to a location. For example, delivery of a load to a deck of a ship may be complicated by pendular motion or yaw of the load, even if the deck is stable and is not also subject to heave, roll, or pitch, as it may be. For example, bringing a person in a litter into a helicopter or onto a helicopter strut may be hazardous if the litter is undergoing yaw or pendular motion as it is drawn up to the helicopter. One or more components of undesired motion of the load may increase in amplitude and/or frequency and otherwise grow more pronounced as a load is drawn up to the carrier and the suspension cable shortens. Horizontal translation, vertical translation, and pendular motion of a load can also interact with the carrier to produce dangerous reactive or sympathetic motion in the carrier.
In addition, some suspended load operations may involve an obstacle, such as a surface, cliff wall, building, bridge, tree limb, overhang, or other obstacle that may interfere with one or more of carrier, load, and/or suspension cable.
Carriers often operate or work with multiple pieces of equipment. One such piece of equipment may be a carrier hoist system. The hoist system on a carrier may be used to lift an object, such as a person, litter, load, or the like from the ground to the carrier, above; this may be referred to as a hoist operation. However, in the course of a hoist operation, multiple pieces of equipment may be used to aid or support the hoist operation, such as a suspended load control system ("SLCS"), jungle penetrator, or rescue stokes, or rescue litter. If deployed, this equipment may require a mechanism, such as a load hook, to secure the equipment to the hoist system and suspension cable. In legacy hoist operations, such mechanisms may require that a crew member in or of the helicopter physically connect the equipment to the appropriate component of the hoist system for the piece of the equipment to be used during the operation.
Mechanical and logical complexity of deployed equipment which may be secured to a suspension cable beneath a hoist of a carrier is increasing. For example, deployed equipment may perform services for a load and or for the carrier, such as an SLCS which may stabilize a load against rotation or pendular motion or control a position of the load relative to a target. For example, services may need to be performed for the deployed equipment, such as movement of the deployed equipment in one or more of the X, Y, and Z axis, reeling in or shortening the suspension cable, lengthening or paying out the suspension cable, recharging of batteries in or of the deployed equipment, and the like. Lack of integration between deployed equipment and the hoist and or carrier may require that many such services be provided by one or more people, such as crew of the carrier. Performance of such services may be inconvenient, distracting, or dangerous, whether to the crew, others in the carrier, and or for those on the ground. Inadequate integration between deployed equipment and hoist systems may result in, for example, prematurely discharged batteries, damage to equipment, surroundings, injury, loss of life, and failure of missions, including failure of life saving missions.
Lack of integration between deployed equipment and hoist may occur during, for example, helicopter sling load missions, firefighting, crane operations, navy re-supply missions between ships, deep sea drilling applications, aircraft inflight refueling operations, and fixed-wing hoist operations. Therefore, a need exists for greater integration between deployable equipment and hoist systems.

Hoist and deployable equipment apparatus, system, and method


According to one embodiment, an apparatus for cooling at least one landing gear brake of an aircraft in flight is described. The apparatus includes an air handling assembly that is coupled to the aircraft. The air handling assembly includes at least one air inlet port. The apparatus also includes an air delivery assembly that is in air receiving communication with the air handling assembly. The air delivery assembly includes at least one nozzle that is configured to direct air into a first space adjacent a first side of the landing gear brake to create an air pressure differential across the landing gear brake.

Commercial aviation regulations govern many aviation activities associated with commercial aircraft transportation. Some of these regulations directly and indirectly place restrictions and limits on commercial aircraft brake design and operation by specifying the braking power capacity and margins necessary to meet safety and emergency conditions. Braking power capacity is the ability of aircraft brakes to absorb kinetic energy generated in slowing or stopping aircraft movement. Aircraft brakes absorb the kinetic energy by converting the kinetic energy of the aircraft into thermal energy by raising the thermal mass temperature of the brakes. The brakes in turn transfer this thermal energy to the surrounding environment through thermal heat transfer mechanisms, which include conduction, convection, and radiation. These heat transfer mechanisms are dependent on mass, temperature and time. The thermal mass temperature of the brakes at any given time is a measure of the thermal energy stored in the brakes at the given time. The capacity of the brakes to absorb additional kinetic energy is determined by the difference in the thermal mass temperature at the given time subtracted from a predetermined maximum thermal mass temperature of the brakes. Therefore, the frequency and magnitude of kinetic energy absorbed by the brakes is dependent on the time it takes for the brakes to cool. Based on the foregoing, the thermal mass temperature of the brakes prior to a braking action determines the thermal mass temperature of the brakes at the conclusion of the braking action. For this reason, the brake cooling rate directly affects the utilization of the braking capacity of the brakes.
In addition to rules and regulations pertaining to braking power capacity, there are other aircraft configuration and system requirements that drive, and are driven by, the brake temperature, such as wheel fuse plug melt temperature and wheel well material temperature limits. These aircraft configuration and system requirements, as well as the rules and regulations, ensure that the temperature of an aircraft brake, and its associated components, remains below a maximum allowable temperature threshold during certain operating conditions or flight schedules. For example, the temperature of the brakes of an aircraft cannot exceed a threshold temperature during or following a preset number (e.g., four) of short distance flights, which are associated with relatively rapid takeoffs and landings. According to another regulation, the temperature of the brakes of commercial aircraft must be below some other threshold temperature before the aircraft is allowed to depart from a gate for takeoff.
Such rules, regulations, and requirements present challenges for some aircraft and brake types, as well as achieving certain flight schedules. The brakes of an aircraft generate a substantial amount of heat via the absorption of kinetic energy associated with slowing down an aircraft upon landing. For example, aircraft brakes on certain commercial aircraft may reach extremely high temperatures (e.g., 900° F.-1,100° F.) during landing. As soon as an aircraft has slowed down to a taxiing speed after landing, the brakes immediately begin to cool. However, the rate of cool down can be slow and often is inhibited by frequent braking during the taxi phase, which may raise the temperature of the brakes above the original landing temperature. While stationary at the gate, the cool down rate of the brakes typically is extremely low. Natural convective cooling may also take place during takeoffs and flight. However, like the convective heat transfer from the brakes during taxiing and at the gate, the convective heat transfer rate from the brakes during takeoff and flight is relatively low. In view of the high temperatures reached to slow the aircraft down during landing, and the relatively slow rate of heat transfer by natural convective cooling on the ground or in flight, it may be difficult to meet the maximum allowed brake temperature without undesired consequences in some cases. For example, an aircraft may not be in the air or on the ground long enough between landings to meet the repetitive-short flight regulation. Likewise, the gate departure regulation often results in aircraft departure delays as personnel must wait until the temperature of the brakes drop below the regulated threshold, which may cause airlines to miss desired gate turnaround times and associated flight frequency quotas.
Desirably, to meet the brake temperature limits and regulations while avoiding undesired consequences, some aircraft and aircraft component manufacturers, as well as operators, have recognized the need to improve cooling of the brakes. However, conventional methods and techniques employed to improve cooling often fail to adequately cool the brakes fast enough to either meet the brake temperature regulations or desired objectives, and often require the addition of ancillary power systems and other components.
For example, operators may remove a seal between a landing gear door and the body of an aircraft to allow external air to passively flow into the landing gear cavity during flight. Although the flow of air through the landing gear cavity may increase the convective cooling of the brakes, the rate of heat transfer still may not be high enough to sufficiently cool the brakes.
Other techniques involve the use of an electrically-powered fan that generates an artificial flow of air across the brakes during flight. Notwithstanding the ability of such active cooling techniques to lower the temperature of the brakes, these active temperature control techniques require additional electrical systems and power consumption in order to reduce brake temperatures. Not only do active cooling systems introduce reliability concerns commonly associated with electrical components and controls, but active cooling systems require and consume large amounts of power for operation, which can lead to substantial costs over time.
Some aircraft manufacturers and operators use techniques to reduce the temperature of the brakes reached during landing to obviate the need for auxiliary brake cooling. For example, increasing the mechanical braking capacity of the brakes tends to reduce maximum temperature reached during landing. However, increasing the mechanical braking capacity of the brakes also brings some undesired consequences, such as increased weight, cost, and complexity. Operators have also employed thrust reversing techniques or increased existing reverser settings on landing to decrease the maximum temperature of the brakes reached during landing. Although such techniques may result in a decrease in the brake heat loads (e.g., maximum temperature of the brakes), the decrease may not be sufficient to meet brake temperature regulations and/or avoid undesired consequences, such as the inability to meet faster, more frequent flight schedules, as well as placing additional stresses on propulsion systems and aircraft structures. In some instances, thrust reversing degrades the stopping capability of the aircraft by unweighting the landing gear, which results in increased stopping distance and places an even greater burden on the braking capacity.
In addition to concerns associated with meeting commercial aviation regulations, high aircraft brake temperatures may also cause undesirable temperature increases in components near the aircraft brakes when the brakes are stored after takeoff. Some aircraft materials, such as composite materials, may not tolerate extreme temperature increases due to radiated heat transfer from the stored brakes to the materials. To reduce the temperature increase of components near the brakes, some aircraft manufacturers install an insulation layer between the brakes and the components. However, insulation layers tend to increase the cost of the aircraft and reduce space within the aircraft.


A method and apparatus for easily restricting a use right and improving use convenience in a mobile terminal are provided. The method includes displaying a profile list for selecting a set operation mode of the mobile terminal from the displayed profile list; setting an operation mode of the mobile terminal as the selected operation mode, when the set operation mode is selected from the displayed profile list,; and displaying a screen associated with the selected operation mode, wherein the set operation mode includes an open mode to use all functions of the mobile terminal and a limited mode to use only set functions.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for operating a mobile terminal, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus capable of operating a mobile terminal in various operation modes.
2. Description of the Related Art
Modern mobile terminals include, for example, smartphones controlled by on a touch, and performs multi-tasking. The mobile terminal provides various functions such as games, the Internet and call and include various content such as e-mails, moving images, pictures and contact addresses to a user. However, a use right functionality may be required for content due to reasons of billing and security.
If a screen is turned on, a mobile terminal displays a locked screen. When a predetermined password is input by the user, the mobile terminal releases the locked state to allow the user to use functions and content stored on the mobile terminal. Further, a use right of the mobile terminal may be restricted by setting a password to certain functions or content. However, to use functions or content in which the use right is restricted, the user inputs a password each time. This is very inconvenient for the user. In general, because a mobile terminal such as a smartphone or tablet PC is a private terminal, only a single user would use it. That is, the mobile terminal may be configured to be used by a single user. Accordingly, when a password is set, because the user is inconvenienced, the user does not generally use the use right function to restrict the mobile terminal.

Method and apparatus for operating mobile terminal


Methods, devices, and systems for moving wet ophthalmic lenses are described in which the ophthalmic lenses are first placed in wells of lens carriers and are centered by the structure of the wells. The carriers are then moved to a transfer module of a packaging system for transferring the ophthalmic lenses in blister packages. The transfer from the carriers to the blister packages are performed by a pick and place robot having pickup heads sized and configured for suctioning the ophthalmic lenses from the lens carriers.

During the manufacture of ophthalmic lenses, including contact lenses, such as hydrogel contact lenses and silicone hydrogel contact lenses, a polymerizable lens-forming composition containing reactive ingredients is polymerized to form polymerized lenses. The polymerized lenses can be washed to remove un-crosslinked or partially crosslinked materials from the polymerized lenses to produce washed polymerized lenses. Washing steps can include contacting the polymerized lenses with alcohol or other organic solvents, contacting the polymerized lenses with aqueous liquids that may or may not contain alcohol or solvents, solutes, or combinations thereof. The washed polymerized lenses ultimately are provided in packages, such as blister packages, which are subsequently sealed with sealing elements and sterilized. In some processes, the washing is performed in the package, and in other processes, the washing is performed with polymerized lenses located in washing trays or carriers. Additional steps may include inspecting the lenses for defects prior to sealing the package.
When polymerized lenses are washed in washing trays or lens carriers, the lenses must be separately transferred to the lens packages so that one lens is placed in one package. Although these steps can be performed manually, in a commercial manufacturing process, many steps are automated.

Methods and devices for moving wet ophthalmic lenses during their manufacture


A method of recording information in an information recording medium having a user data area and a management information area is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: (a) obtaining division information in at least a specified portion of the user data area; and (b) recording, in the management information area, information on the correspondence between multiple partial areas into which the specified portion of the user data area is divided based on the division information and multiple information parts in a management table, the information parts each storing information on the presence or absence of data.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to information recording methods and apparatuses, and more particularly to a method of recording information (data) in an information recording medium, an information recording apparatus suitable for performing the method, and a recording medium in which a program employed in the information recording apparatus is recorded.
2. Description of the Related Art
Optical disks such as CDs (compact disks) and DVDs (digital versatile disks) have attracted attention as information recording media for recording data, so that optical disk units have been widely used as information recording apparatuses for recording data in optical disks.
Recordable CDs include CD-Rs and CD-RWs, and recordable DVDs include DVD-Rs, DVD+Rs, DVD-RWs, and DVD+RWs. Data are recorded in and reproduced from those recordable CDs and DVDs in compliance with their respective predetermined standards.
According to the DVD+R standard, in order to access a recording start position on a disk at high speed, the user data area is divided into multiple partial areas each of 640 ECC blocks, and recorded area indicators (RAIs) storing information (maximum 256 items) indicating whether the corresponding partial areas are areas in which recording has been performed (recorded areas) are provided as disclosed in, for instance, Standard ECMA-349 Data Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +R Format-Capacity: 4.7 and 1.46 Gbytes per Side 2nd Edition (June 2004). When data is recorded in the user data area, information indicating that a partial area including the area in which the data is recorded is a recorded area is recorded in the RAI area. As a result, with respect to each partial area, it is possible to know whether the partial area is a recorded area.
As optical disks have become more popular, more types of data have been recorded in the optical disks, such as music data, video data, picture data, computer programs, and document data. Further, these data also differ greatly in amount. Accordingly, in some cases, it is necessary to determine with respect to a unit smaller than 640 ECC blocks whether the area is recorded (a recorded area). However, the information of the RAI area corresponds to the size of 640 ECC blocks. Accordingly, in order to determine with respect to a unit smaller than 640 ECC blocks whether the area is recorded, the user data area should actually be searched, thus causing the inconvenience that it takes time to access a recording start position.

Information recording method allowing improved access to a recording start position of user data in an information recording medium and apparatus performing the same


The present disclosure provides compositions and methods of use involving binding proteins, e.g., antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof, that bind to the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) protein (MMP9 is also known as gelatinase-B), such as where the binding proteins comprise an immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain (or functional fragment thereof) and an Ig light chain (or functional fragment thereof).

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to a family of extracellular enzymes involved in forming and remodeling the extracellular matrix. These enzymes contain a conserved catalytic domain in which a zinc atom is coordinated by three histidine residues. Over 20 members of this family are known, organized into a number of groups including collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, enamelysins and membrane MMPs.
MMP2 and MMP9 belong to the gelatinase group of matrix metalloproteinases. Besides containing signal peptide, propeptide, catalytic, zinc-binding and heamopexin-like domains common to most MMPs, the gelatinases also contain a plurality of fibronectin-like domains and an O-glycosylated domain.
MMPs are associated with a number of diseases. However, available inhibitors of MMPs have been unsuccessful, in part due to toxicity and lack of efficacy. Therefore, there is a need for specific and effective MMP inhibitors.

Method of detecting human matrix metalloproteinase 9 using antibodies


The described embodiments include a networking subsystem in a second computing device that is configured to receive a task message from a first computing device. Based on the task message, the networking subsystem updates an entry in a task queue with task information from the task message. A processing subsystem in the second computing device subsequently retrieves the task information from the task queue and performs the corresponding task. In these embodiments, the networking subsystem processes the task message (e.g., stores the task information in the task queue) without causing the processing subsystem to perform operations for processing the task message.

Field
The described embodiments relate to computing devices. More specifically, the described embodiments relate to remote task queuing in networked computing devices.
Related Art
Some modern computing devices are configured to use a network connection between themselves and another computing device to send tasks (each task comprising one or more computational operations) to the other computing device to be performed by the other computing device. In this way, these computing devices are enabled to offload the tasks to the other computing device, thereby freeing the computing devices to perform other tasks.
In such a computing device, upon encountering a task that is to be sent to another computing device, the computing device (the "sending" computing device) prepares a protocol data unit with information about the task in accordance with a protocol used for the network connection between the computing devices. The sending computing device then sends the protocol data unit to the other computing device (the "receiving" computing device). In the receiving computing device, an operating system executed by a processing subsystem (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), etc.) processes the protocol data unit to extract the information about the task and then adds the task to a task queue, from where the task is subsequently retrieved and performed.
Sending tasks to receiving computing devices as described above can be inefficient because the operating system (and thus the processing subsystem) in the receiving computing device is required to process the protocol data unit to extract the task information from the protocol data unit. For example, when the processing subsystem is in a lower-power state (sleep, etc.), it may be necessary to transition the processing subsystem to a higher-power state (full power, etc.) to process the received protocol data unit.
Throughout the figures and the description, like reference numerals refer to the same figure elements.

Remote task queuing by networked computing devices


A connector assembly for a draper belt in a harvesting machine having first and second connecting bars on opposite first and second sides of belt end flanges and a flat belt splice along the leading or trailing edge of the draper belt. By providing a flat belt splice along the leading edge, the draper belt can be located underneath a belt cover to prevent grain from leaking out onto the ground.

Draper platforms for harvesting equipment have one or more flat, wide belts, referred to as a draper or a draper belt, to convey crop material. The arrangement and the number of belts vary among platforms. One style of platform has two side belts that convey crop material laterally to the center of the platform where a feed belt moves the crop material longitudinally into the harvesting machine. The draper belts have two ends that are joined together to form a continuous belt. At each end of the belt, an upstanding flange is provided. These belt end flanges are joined together by a connector assembly to form a continuous belt. The connector assembly serves as a transverse cleat which, together with other cleats formed along the belt length, functions to convey crop material in the direction of belt travel.
In this typical belt, the upstanding cleat extends substantially along the entire width of the belt from the leading edge to the trailing edge. See, for example, the arrangement of U.S. Pat. No. 6,238,131. When a belt cover is provided to hold down the leading edge of the belt, the cleats get in the way and prevent a good seal between the cover and the belt.
What is needed in the art is a draper belt for a platform of a harvester that provides a good seal between a cover and the belt.


A network configuration capable of prioritizing and categorizing paging messages using a deep packet inspection (“DPI”) idle mode agent (“IMA”) is disclosed. In one embodiment, upon redirecting a downstream packet stream to a DPI agent after discovery of destination end user (“EU”) equipment is in an idle mode, the legitimacy of the downstream packet stream is determinate in accordance with previously stored information. The downstream packet stream is subsequently categorized to a high priority paging category, a medium priority paging category, or a low priority paging category in response to the legitimacy of the downstream packet stream.

With rapid growth of mobile data transfer over a high-speed communication network such as 3G or 4G cellular services, managing and controlling such data transfer become increasingly difficult and complicated. A conventional network layout includes Internet, LAN (local area network), and wireless networks that include hundreds of network devices such as access switches, routers, and bridges for facilitating data delivery from source devices to destination devices. Transferring massive amount of data efficiently between wireless portable devices such as smart phones and laptops over a typical and/or standard network becomes increasingly challenging.
In typical mobile wireless networks, subscriber devices or end user ("EU") equipments enter idle mode or idle state to conserve power. When downstream data arrives for a mobile which is in an idle state, a conventional gateway typically pages the mobile to wake up the mobile from the idle mode before it can receive the downstream data. In a high speed network environment, however, such paging process can result in high signaling load bursts. Bursts of paging messages can consume network resources and negatively impact overall network performance.
To maintain a gateway or network properly functioning during highly loaded conditions such as bursts of paging messages, a conventional approach provides rate limiting of paging messages which limits the amount of paging triggers, messages, and/or other activities that can be broadcasted at any given time. Although the conventional approach of rate limiting can alleviate signaling stress over the network, the network is nevertheless sluggish partially due to the drawback of crude rate limiting without any knowledge of nature of the paging activities.

Methods and apparatus for improving idle mode performance using deep packet inspection (DPI) idle mode agent


A process that assists with the identification of potential hydrocarbon deposits that includes performing a structural interpretation of a three-dimensional seismic volume, transforming the three-dimensional seismic volume into a stratal-slice volume, performing a stratigraphic interpretation of the stratal-slice volume which includes the extracting of bounding surfaces and faults and transforming the stratal-slice volume into the spatial domain. As illustrated in FIGS. 24a, b and c, an exemplary seismic volume before Domain Transformation is presented in FIG. 24a, interpreted horizons and faults used in the transformation are presented in FIG. 24b, and the Domain Transformed stratal-slice volume is presented in FIG. 24c. The input seismic volume in FIG. 24a has deformations associated with syn- and post-depositional faulting. The output Domain Transformed volume (FIG. 24c) is substantially free of deformations.

An exemplary embodiment of this invention is in the field of 3-D interpretation, and more particularly to 3-D seismic interpretation. More specifically, an exemplary embodiment includes a workflow, including two new processes, implemented as software that is designed to enable automatic or semi-automatic interpretation of paleo-depositional features in three-dimensional seismic data for exploration, development and, for example, production of hydrocarbons.
The need for computer-aided, semi-automatic and automatic interpretation of depositional systems derives from a combination of factors. Energy resources are becoming steadily more difficult to find and develop. It has been recognized for many years that the majority of new oil and gas reserves are a function of a complex combination of geological, structural and stratigraphic elements. While the problems of exploration and the efficient development of hydrocarbon reserves have become more difficult, the volume of data to be interpreted for each project has become orders of magnitude greater over the past 20 years. Simultaneously, both the number of interpreters and the time allowed for interpretation have been substantially reduced. This drives the need for more advanced computer-aided processes that can support the interpreter by enabling more efficient, precise and effective interpretation of 3-D seismic data volumes.
Computer-aided structural interpretation of 3-D seismic data volumes has been embodied in tools in interactive seismic interpretation for a number of years. Since the early 1980s, horizon autotracking tools have been available to help increase the speed and consistency of horizon interpretation in 3-D seismic surveys (Dorn, 1998). More recently, techniques have been developed to provide computer-aided interpretation of faults and automatic fault interpretation (e.g., Crawford and Medwedeff, 1999, U.S. Pat. No. 5,987,388; Pederson, S. I., 2002, U.S. Pat. No. 7,203,342), as well as techniques beyond event autotracking to automatically interpret horizons (Dorn, 1999, U.S. Pat. No. 5,894,417; Stark, 1997, U.S. Pat. No. 5,671,344).
Computer tools to aid in stratigraphic interpretation of seismic volumes have developed much more slowly. Elements of depositional systems can most readily be identified by an interpreter when the morphology of the paleo-depositional system can be viewed. Similarly, it is most likely that a computer algorithm can be written to recognize, image, and extract elements of depositional systems if the computer algorithm is able to operate on the data in a domain where the paleo-depositional system's morphology is most readily imaged. In both of these cases, the optimal environment is the stratal-slice domain, where the slices through the volume of seismic data are close approximations of paleo-depositional surfaces.
In an undeformed data volume, horizontal slices (planar slices parallel to the (x,y) plane in the volume) may accurately represent depositional surfaces. However, in volumes with structural deformation, horizontal slices do not represent depositional surfaces for more than a small portion of the total volume. Faulting, folding, and velocity anomalies prevent the complete representation of such a surface by a simple horizontal slice.
Horizon-slicing is defined as creating a slice through a 3-D seismic volume in the shape of an interpreted seismic reflection in that volume. Horizon slicing (as opposed to horizontal slicing) has provided better images of depositional systems since the mid-to-late 1980s.
A continuous interval is a package of sediments that represent the same span of geologic age, but were deposited at different sedimentation rates in different parts of the volume. The result is an interval that represents that same amount of geologic time, but does not exhibit the same thickness. In such an interval, growth is caused by spatially variable rates of sedimentation. If we assume that sedimentation rates between a pair of bounding horizons are variable only in space (i.e., not vertically variable in a given location), stratal slices may be extracted by interpolating trace values vertically, where the interpolated sample interval at each (x,y) location is controlled by the upper and lower bounding surfaces and the number of samples desired in the interval on the output trace. This type of stratal slice has been referred to as a proportional slice.
Proportional slicing or stratal slicing developed in the mid 1990s (Posamentier, et. al., 1996; Zeng, et. al. 1998a, b, c) provides even better imaging of depositional systems, and better discrimination between stacked channel systems in the seismic data because these surfaces are typically a better approximation of paleo-depositional surfaces than either horizon slices or horizontal slices.
Zeng, et. al. (1998 a, b, c) describes the first instance of extracting slices based on geologic age. They reasoned that seismic reflectors do not always follow depositional surfaces. Thus, they interpolated seismic slices between surfaces judged to be time-equivalent. They referred to these interpolated slices as 'stratal' slices. Stark (2004) describes a similarly motivated effort. He used unwrapped phase as a proxy for user-interpreted age horizons. Slices were extracted from the data volume by drawing data from points of equal unwrapped phase. Stark's approach assumes that unwrapped phase closely approximates geologic age, but this is an assumption that is often in error.
Both horizon slicing and proportional slicing generally suffer from substantial limitations in that they do not accommodate and compensate for generalized 3-D structural deformation subsequent to deposition, nor do they properly account for the wide variety of depositional environments. Horizon slicing is only appropriate for a conformable sequence of horizons in the seismic volume (i.e., a spatially uniform depositional environment over time). Proportional slicing is only appropriate for an interval that exhibits growth (i.e., a spatially gradational change in depositional thickness over an area, often due to spatially differential subsidence). Horizon and proportional slicing do not properly reconstruct paleo-depositional surfaces in other depositional environments, nor do they account for post-depositional structural changes (particularly faulting) or post-depositional erosion.
Among the situations that the proportional or stratal slice volume (as defined by Zeng, et. al, 1998 a, b, c) does not handle properly are:                Angular unconformities        Non-linear growth in the interval between two horizons        Carbonate platform intervals        Faulting
For example, both proportional slicing and stratal slicing (as defined by Zeng, et. al., 1998 a, b, c) produce volumes that have gaps or undefined zones where the volume is cut by a dipping fault surface. FIG. 1 shows, in a 2-D cross-section, the effects of dipping faults on this simple type of proportional slice for a pair of horizons. The output proportional slice volume is null or indeterminate at all (x,y) positions where one or both horizons is missing (e.g., Null Zone—1 Horizon in FIG. 1). The proportional slice volume is also indeterminate for (x,y) positions where both horizons are present but on opposite sides of a dipping fault surface (e.g., Null Zone—2 Horizons in FIG. 1).
The situation for more than one pair of horizons is shown in FIG. 2. In this case, there are null or indeterminate zones for each pair of horizons. These indeterminate zones are in different (x,y) positions for each pair of horizons.
In most previous attempts to solve this problem, where this simple form of proportional slicing is implemented, the indeterminate zones are filled with input seismic data rather than nulls, which can be quite misleading. Lomask et. al. (2006) have developed an approach that attempts to create a stratal volume without requiring interpreted horizons, faults or other surfaces to define and constrain the transformation. The lack of interpreted structural control in their approach produces poor results for seismic volumes that contain any significant structural deformation.
One exemplary embodiment of the Domain Transform method of this invention explicitly requires interpreted horizons, faults, and other geologic surfaces as input, and, as a result, does not suffer the limitations of the method proposed by Lomask.
Seismic-Wheeler Volumes (e.g., Stark, 2006) represent interpreted depositional systems tracts as well as hiatuses in deposition based on horizon interpretations of system boundaries in 3-D. This approach requires recognition of the system tract by the interpreter as a starting point, and does not take into account the effects of post-depositional structural deformation and faulting. The implementations of Seismic-Wheeler Volumes described by Stark (2006) also depend on association of each seismic sample in the volume with a relative geologic time (Stark, 2004; Stark 2005a, U.S. Pat. No. 6,850,845; Stark 2005b, U.S. Pat. No. 6,853,922). This constraint is not present in the process described here.
By transforming seismic data from the (x,y,time/depth) domain to the (x,y,stratal-slice) domain, data in a deformed volume can be interpreted in stratal-slice view. One exemplary goal is to reconstruct the data volume along stratal surfaces in an undeformed state using user-interpreted surfaces and user-supplied information on geologic relationships in the volume as a guide. Seismic data in this undeformed state is more easily and accurately interpreted for stratigraphy, depositional systems, and depositional environments.
Finally, a lightweight representation of volumetric data is often necessary for real-time rendering, for the segmentation of interpreted data, and for reducing visual clutter. A new Surface Wrapping technique has also been developed in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of this invention, and is described herein. For example, it allows, for example, the user to create a 3-D polygonal mesh that conforms to the exterior boundary of geobodies (such as stream channels) that offers significant improvements over existing techniques.
An inspiration for this Surface Wrapping approach was the Surface Draping algorithm (Dorn, 1999, U.S. Pat. No. 5,894,417), which allows a polygonal mesh to be defined that reflects the geometry of an interpreted horizon. The surface draping algorithm is based on the metaphor of laying an elastic sheet over a contoured surface: gravity pulls the sheet down, causing it to conform to the surface beneath it, and the tension of the elastic material allows the sheet to smoothly cover small gaps in the surface while preserving the important features.
Dorn's Surface Draping allows the user to view seismic data and define a series of points slightly above the desired horizon. These points define the initial shape of the 3-D mesh, which corresponds to the elastic sheet described above. When the user has completed this stage, the actual mesh is computed, generally using one vertex per voxel. These vertices are then iteratively "dropped" onto the horizon. At each step, the value of the voxel at each vertex's position is compared to a range that corresponds to the values found in an interpreted horizon. If the value falls within that range, the vertex is fixed in place.
The Surface Draping concept would have benefits if adapted to work on geobodies and other 3-D volumes. Other approaches have been used to define a mesh that surrounds and conforms to the shape of a volume. Acosta et. al. (2006a and b; U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,006,085 and 7,098,908) propose a technique where the bounding surface is defined slice-by-slice by a user as a set of spline curves or general polylines that are then connected in 3-D. Kobbelt et. al. (1999) describes a technique based on successive subdivision of an initially simple mesh that completely surrounds the volume. The technique described by Koo et. al. (2005) improves on the same idea by allowing the user to define an arbitrarily shaped grid around a point cloud, allowing holes in the volume to be interpreted properly. Both of the above algorithms work by moving each vertex to the nearest point in the volume.


A developing device includes: a developer bearer configured to bear developer thereon; a developer conveyance path for conveying developer to be fed to the developer bearer; a developer conveying member configured to convey the developer in the developer conveyance path; a developer discharge port disposed in the developer conveyance path to discharge developer from the developer conveyance path by overflow; and a contact member configured to be brought into contact with the developer conveyed toward the developer discharge port in the developer conveyance path, the developer conveyance path being configured to receive externally-supplied developer therein, the contact member being configured to repeat a sequence of movements including being elastically deformed by being brought into contact with the developer conveying member being driven and thereafter being elastically restored by being brought out of contact with the developer conveying member.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to developing devices and image forming apparatuses.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, developing devices configured to convey externally-supplied developer to a developer bearer through a developer conveyance path while discharging surplus developer in the developer conveyance path via a developer discharge port by causing an overflow are known.
An example of such a developing device is disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 5158473. The developing device disclosed in Patent Document 1 obtains a toner image by developing an electrostatic latent image borne on a photoconductor, which is a latent image bearer, with developer containing toner and magnetic carrier particles and borne on a surface of a developing roller, which is a developer bearer. The developer, the toner of which is consumed in the development, is released from the surface of the developing roller, collected into a recovery conveyance path, and conveyed by rotation of a recovery screw in an axial direction of the screw. Thereafter, the developer conveyed to a downstream end of the recovery conveyance path is pushed up to a feeding conveyance path arranged above the recovery conveyance path and conveyed in the direction opposite to the conveying direction of the recovery screw by rotation of a feeding screw. During this conveyance, the developer is fed to the developing roller arranged parallel to the feeding screw. Developer conveyed to a downstream end of the feeding conveyance path without being fed to the developing roller is let fall to an upstream end of the recovery conveyance path. At this time, surplus developer is discharged through a developer discharge port by overflow. The surplus developer is produced because, when concentration of toner declines as toner is consumed in development, fresh toner is replenished to the recovery conveyance path. If flowability of toner in the developer drops due to an environmental change or the like, it is possible that the developer is not overflown through the developer discharge port favorably, causing an amount of the developer in the developing device to become excessive. To avoid this, a loosening screw for mechanically loosening the developer is arranged above the feeding screw at a same level as the developer discharge port. According to Japanese Patent No. 5158473, it is possible to cause the developer to be overflown through the developer discharge port smoothly by mechanically loosening the developer by rotating the loosening screw.
However, the above-described configuration is disadvantageous in that, because the loosening screw, which rotates by being driven, is used as a loosening member for mechanically loosening the developer, a dedicated drive mechanism for driving the loosening screw is required, which leads to an increase in cost.

Developing device and image forming apparatus including a contact member which is elastically deformed


Provided is a liquid crystal display including: a first insulation substrate; a thin film transistor positioned on the first insulation substrate; a first subpixel electrode positioned on the thin film transistor and to which a first voltage is applied; a second subpixel electrode positioned on the thin film transistor and to which a second voltage is applied; a second insulation substrate facing the first insulation substrate; a common electrode positioned on the second insulation substrate and receiving a common voltage; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first insulation substrate and the second insulation substrate, in which the first subpixel electrode includes a plate region and a minute branch region overlapping the plate region with a passivation layer between the plate region and the minute branch region, and the plate region and the second subpixel electrode are positioned on a same layer.

(a) Field
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display.
(b) Description of the Related Art
Liquid crystal displays are one of the most common types of flat panel displays currently in use. Liquid crystal displays include two sheets of display panels a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween. The two sheets of display panels include field generating electrodes, such as a pixel electrode, a common electrode, and the like. The liquid crystal display generates an electric field in the liquid crystal layer by applying voltage to the field generating electrodes. The alignment of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer is determined by the generated electric field, thus controlling polarization of incident light so as to display images.
One display panel of the liquid crystal display also includes a switching element connected to each pixel electrode, and a plurality of signal lines such as a gate line and a data line for applying voltage to the pixel electrode by controlling the switching element.
Among the liquid crystal displays, a vertically aligned mode liquid crystal display, in which long axes of liquid crystal molecules are aligned to be vertical to the display panels without applying the electric field, has received attention due to a large contrast and a wide reference viewing angle. Here, the reference viewing angle means a viewing angle or a luminance inversion limit angle between grays having a contrast ratio of 1:10.
In the case of the vertically aligned mode liquid crystal display, in order to provide side visibility that is approximately the same as the front visibility, a method of varying transmittance is proposed in which one pixel is divided into two subpixels and different voltages are applied to the two subpixels. However, as such, in the case of providing the side visibility that is approximately the same as the front visibility by dividing one pixel into two subpixels and varying the transmittance, luminance is increased at a low gray or a high gray, a gray expression at the side is difficult, and as a result, there is a problem in that image quality deteriorates.
The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.


A door system includes a support connected to a structure, and a door mounted on the support and movable relative to the support between an opened position and a closed position. The door includes a detection device and a remote module coupled to the detection device. The remote module includes a battery and an RF module for supporting two-way communication and sending signals indicative of the status of the detection device and the battery. The door system also includes a motor to drive the door, and a controller to control the motor. The controller includes a user interface and a memory. The door system also includes a base module coupled to the controller for receiving signals from the remote module. The received signals are indicative of the status of the detection device and the battery. The base module also sends signals related to successful transmission acknowledgements to the remote module.

The present invention relates to a door system and method of operating the same. For example, current high-speed roll-up door systems utilize a coiled cord (or "coil-cord") to provide communication between bottom-bar devices, which are mounted on the roll-up door of the system, and a controller generally mounted on the nearby structure of a building. Typically, the coil-cord is connected between the bottom-bar of the door and an electrical junction mounted on the building near the top of the door. Additional cabling is necessary to connect the electrical junction to the controller. Because of the constant movement of the door, the coil-cord can fatigue, break, and tangle with door parts and supports. The flapping coil-cord can also cause false photosensitive safety device trips. Coil-cords are also expensive to purchase and time consuming to install and service.

Wireless communication system for a roll-up door


The present disclosure provides a circuitry. The circuitry includes a comparator and a signal correlated circuit. The comparator includes a first input terminal, a second input terminal, and an output terminal. The signal correlated circuit includes a first input terminal, a second input terminal, a first output terminal, and a second output terminal. The first input terminal is coupled to receive a first input signal. The second input terminal is coupled to receive a second input signal independent from the first input signal. The first output terminal is configured to generate a first output signal and to send the first output signal to the first input terminal of the comparator. The second output terminal is configured to generate a second output signal and to send the second output signal to the second input terminal of the comparator. The first output signal and the second output signal are correlated.

Dynamic comparators play an important role in mixed-signal circuits, especially in analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). With the advancement of high precision and low voltage sensors, the required resolution of ADCs increases as well. As a result, the voltage step of a Least Significant Bit (LSB) of ADCs may fall below micro-voltage level. The input referred noise of a comparator may not be ignored in such precision ADCs and precise noise measurement is required in circuit design.

Circuitry and method for reducing environmental noise

TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY LTD.


In a method and a system for providing secure communication in a cellular radio system radio base station key is generated by determining a set of data bits known to both the UE and the radio base station, and creating the radio base station key in response to the determined set of data.

The evolved packed system (EPS) is a standardized cellular telecommunication standard, standardized within the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). EPS is a part the long-term evolution (LTE) of third-generation cellular systems designed to meet demands for higher user bit rates. Within the EPS, Access Stratum (AS) traffic is protected by cryptographic means. In particular the user plane is confidentiality protected and the Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling is both confidentiality and integrity protected. The keys used for providing encryption are derived from a cryptographic key called K_eNB.
At handovers of mobile station, also referred to as User Equipment (UE), from one base station the K_eNB of an originating source base station is transformed in the source evolved Node B (eNB), i.e. the base station into a transformed key called K_eNB* before it is delivered to the target eNB. Presently, the target eNB transforms the K_eNB* together with a user target eNB Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI). Hereby it is possible to provide continued encryption between the UE and the target base station using the transformed cryptographic key.
Furthermore it has been decided that not only the intended target cell should be prepared to accept a particular mobile station but also other base stations shall be able to do so. The underlying reason is to help recover from radio link failure, and in particular failed handovers. To facilitate acceptance by other base stations besides the target base station, the source base station eNB sends key information and a Terminal Identity Token (TeIT) to the set of "to-be-prepared" base stations. Typically the source base station eNB sends key information and a Terminal Identity Token (TeIT) to base stations located close to the target base station and/or close to the source base station. However, if the same security token is shared by all eNBs in the to-be-prepared set, any one of those could masquerade as the mobile station, at least until AS protection is enabled.
A problem within the existing proposed standard is that the same transformed key K_eNB* should not be used by all base stations as this would allow all base stations in the to-be-prepared set to generate the K_eNB finally used by the base station after hand over, see the contribution to SA3, Td S3a070975. One proposed solution is that the system generates initial data which is used in transformation of K_eNB for a given base station eNB in the to-be-prepared set of base stations. This initial data is then forwarded together with the corresponding base station key K_eNB to the base station eNB. Also, the document "Key refresh in SAE/LTE, S3-070234", XP-002445697 describes a method where data is sent over the air-interface to generate input when generating a new base station key.
However, there exists a constant demand to reduce complexity and enhance security in existing telecommunication systems. Hence there exists a need for an improved method for providing secure communication in a cellular radio system.

Methods and apparatuses generating a radio base station key in a cellular radio system


The invention relates to a test bench that reproduces the performance of a gearbox. The invention consists of: at least one gearshift module (2) comprising a linear motor (12) and a ball joint (14) that can be used to convert a linear motion of the motor (12) into a rotational motion of a gearshift shaft (5) and a force sensor (17) that can be used to measure the force applied to the gearshift shaft (5). In particular embodiments of the invention, the test bench also comprises a vertical linear selection module or a horizontal selection module. The modules employed can be used to simulate forces as a function of the shift and selection position in a manner that is representative of a gearbox.

I. Field of the Invention
The technical field of the present invention is that of test benches to simulate gearboxes, for example, vehicle gearboxes.
II. Description of Related Art
In the field of application of test benches, it is sometimes necessary to simulate a gearbox and this is particularly true of test benches for external control of gearboxes.
Test benches using pneumatic rams are currently known in the field of test benches that simulate gearboxes.
Such devices have the major disadvantage, on account of the use of pneumatic rams, of lacking in precision and above all of having performance that is limited in terms of responsiveness and in terms of dynamic range.


The present invention relates to a composition for preventing, improving or treating a mental disorder, the composition containing a Lactobacillus sp. bacteria-derived vesicle as an active ingredient. The present inventors have confirmed that, when a Lactobacillus sp. bacteria-derived vesicle is administered to a stress and depression animal model, resistance to stress efficiently increases, and an effect of treating chronically persisting long-term depression behavior is exhibited, and thus the Lactobacillus sp. bacteria-derived vesicle, according to the present invention, is expected to be capable of being usefully employed in developing a medicine or a functional health food, etc., for preventing, reducing the symptoms of or treating a mental disorder such as stress, anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, depression, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia.

Depression is a disorder in which negative emotions arise due to the change in brain function for controlling emotions, and over 300 million persons are suffering from depression all over the world. In addition, according to the analysis data of depression for five years from 2005 to 2009 according to the Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, patients diagnosed with depression and total medical expenses respectively increased 4% and 10.4% annually on average, and the patients diagnosed with depression increased from 435,000 in 2005 to 500,300 in 2009, demonstrating that the number of patients is increasing by approximately 18,000 annually on average. Particularly, the increment in the elderly aged seventy or higher is the highest.
Although various studies have been attempted to establish the cause of depression, the precise neurological pathogenesis has not been defined yet, but it is assumed that there are various causes of depression. Depression involves a chemical imbalance of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, etc. Among the neurotransmitters, serotonin is a neurometabolite found in the cerebrospinal fluid, circulating the brain and serving as a neurotransmitter. Serotonin is closely related to emotional expression, and if it is deficient, due to emotional instability, anxiety increases, and impulsiveness occurs. Therefore, among the drugs currently used as antidepressants, there are several drugs which inhibit reuptake of serotonin so that it is retained in the brain for a long time.
Among the causes of depression, biological, psychological, sociological, pharmacological and pathological factors affect the imbalance of neurotransmitters, and particularly, it has been known that psychological trauma caused by accidents, assault or abuse in childhood is highly likely to develop into depression afterwards. This is caused by protein damage in the human brain under stress. Stressful environments, that is, environmental factors such as the spread of egoism, rapid industrialization, fierce competition and the lack of a social safety net for people falling behind in the competition have been known as causes of depression.
Representative antidepressants used in depression treatment are a tricyclic antidepressant such as imipramine and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). However, SSRI-based drugs such as trazodone and mirtazapine have a problem in stability, and particularly, when the elderly take these drugs, a possibility of increased risk of stroke, fractures and death is raised.
Recently, it has been revealed that mental disorders including depression, autism, schizophrenia, etc. are deeply associated with colic. It has been revealed that colic is accompanied by diarrhea and constipation, results in irritable bowel syndrome if repeated, and is associated with gut microbial dysbiosis. When gut microbial dysbiosis occurs due to bad food or the use of antibiotics, intestinal leakage occurs due to cracks in a strong barrier of the large intestine, caused by harmful intestinal microorganisms, and it has been reported that toxins derived from harmful bacteria are systemically absorbed, and thereby depression occurs or worsens [Pharmacotherapy. 2015 October; 35(10):910-6].
Lactobacillus sp. bacteria are gram-positive bacilli, which grow well in an aerobic environment as well as an anaerobic environment, and are abundant in fermented food such as kimchi. Although kimchi is over-fermented, while other types of lactic acid bacteria are killed, the Lactobacillus sp. bacteria are highly viable bacteria and easily degrade a polysaccharide such as galactose or arabinose.
Bacteria release extracellular vesicles (EVs), often called nanoscale vesicles or nanovesicles, are bilayer membrane structures consisting of proteins and lipids and creating an extracellular environment for the exchange of information between intracellular proteins, lipids, genes, etc. Vesicles derived from gram-positive bacteria such as Lactobacillus plantarum or Lactobacillus casei also contain bacterial cell wall components such as peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid, in addition to bacteria-derived proteins and nucleic acids.
While it has been known that Lactobacillus plantarum secretes a factor that inhibits depression in the brain, there was no case of vesicles secreted from Lactobacillus plantarum or Lactobacillus casei being used for prevention or treatment of a mental disorder such as stress, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder, depression, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or schizophrenia.

Composition for preventing or treating mental disorder, containing


A video display mirror is provided with a half mirror, a monitor, and an interlocking mechanism. The half mirror is used so that a vehicle passenger can look toward the rear of the vehicle. The monitor is disposed near the half mirror toward the front of the vehicle. The interlocking mechanism moves in relation to a video image being displayed on the monitor and changes the angle of a reflection surface of the half mirror from the position of the half mirror when the rear of the vehicle is viewed.

A technology for displaying a video by combining a monitor with a rearview mirror for an automobile has been known (see Patent Literature 1 or 2).
In an image recording rearview mirror during traveling described in Patent Literature 1, a mirror surface is installed on a front surface of an auxiliary rearview mirror, and a liquid crystal screen is installed in a hidden mode so as not to influence a rearview mirror function the mirror surface on one end of the mirror surface. On a surface opposite to the auxiliary rearview mirror, a camera can be fixed for photographing an image on the front during traveling by arbitrarily adjusting an angle. The image during traveling photographed by this camera is replayed on the liquid crystal screen.
In Patent Literature 2, one reflective lens capable of light transmission is provided inside a housing of a rearview mirror for an automobile, one liquid crystal display screen is bonded to a rear edge of this reflective lens, and one micro infrared wide-angle video camera is provided at an appropriate position on a peripheral edge of the housing. When an operation of the automobile is normalized, the liquid crystal display screen is brought into a non-display state, and no light is emitted on a rear surface of the reflective lens so that the reflective lens reflects a rear image like a traditional rearview mirror. If a video image photographed by the video camera is displayed on the liquid crystal display screen, light of the video image penetrates the reflective lens capable of light transmission, and a real video image on the rear is displayed on the reflective lens and offered for direct view by a driver.

Video display mirror and video display mirror system


A passive oscillation damper (8), in particular for a switch cabinet (2), includes a supporting structure (12) having a longitudinal direction (y) and a transverse direction (x) and with a central oscillating mass (14) mounted by means of spring elements (20, 22, 24, 26) so as to be able to oscillate in the longitudinal direction (y) and in the transverse direction (x). At least one peripheral oscillating mass (40, 42) is mounted on the central oscillating mass (14) so as to be slidable in the longitudinal direction (y) and to be movable relative to the central oscillating mass (14). At least one peripheral oscillating mass (44, 46) is mounted on the central oscillating mass (14) so as to be slidable in the transverse direction (x) and to be movable relative to central oscillating mass (14).

Oscillation absorbers which are fastened to an object in order to protect said object with respect to a massive oscillation excitation, for example, by seismic or other influences (in particular impact of other objects) are referred to as oscillation dampers. Such an oscillation damper, which is also referred to in the English language area as "tuned mass damper," usually has, as main elements, a mass mounted so as to be able to oscillate, in short, an oscillating mass and associated spring elements and damper elements, which enable a damped oscillation of the oscillating mass relative to the object to be protected. The design of the mentioned components is thereby such that a natural frequency of the object, which is critical with respect to the expected load case, is suppressed in the overall system formed by the object and the oscillation damper or is shifted into non-critical areas. Thus, a damping of the overall system at the excitation frequency is achieved. Design parameters are thereby above all the mass (weight), the spring stiffness and the damping (dissipation).
An oscillation damper is known from KR 10-2011-0108913 A, which is mounted on a switch cabinet of a nuclear power plant, in order to protect the electrical or electronic components located therein in the event of seismic excitation or in the case of other induced oscillations from excessive loading due to acceleration forces. This is important, in particular, in the case of an I&C switch cabinet, which contains components of the power plant control (I&C=Instrumentation and Control).
The oscillation damper disclosed there has an oscillating mass arranged in a square box at a distance to the edge and mounted with low friction on balls. A plurality of coil springs, which are tensioned between the oscillating mass and the edge of the box, brings about a reset into the rest position when the oscillating mass is laterally deflected. The coil springs are compressed and stretched when the system oscillates in the longitudinal direction. The damping of the oscillation is thereby achieved by viscous oscillation dampers, which are clamped parallel to the coil springs between the oscillating mass and the edge of the surrounding box.
Typically, a switch cabinet has a rectangular cross section and has different natural oscillation modes in relation to the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction. In the case of the mentioned oscillation damper according to KR 10-2011-0108913 A a certain adaptation can indeed be made by setting or selecting different spring stiffnesses and damping constants for the transverse- and the longitudinal direction, however, in practice this adaptation is frequently insufficient. Moreover, the viscous oscillation dampers require a regular inspection and maintenance.

Oscillation damper, in particular for a switch cabinet