Heavy oils are subjected to catalytic cracking in the absence of added hydrogen using a catalyst containing a zeolite having the structure of ZSM-12 and a large-pore crystalline zeolite having a Constraint Index less than about 1. The process is able to effect a bulk conversion of the oil while at the same time yielding a higher octane gasoline and increased light olefin content.

Catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon oils utilizing crystalline zeolites is a known process, practiced for example, in fluid-bed catalytic cracking (FCC) units, moving bed or thermofor catalytic cracking (TCC) reactors, and fixed-bed crackers.
Crystalline zeolites have been found to be particularly effective for the catalytic cracking of a gas oil to produce motor fuels, and have been described and claimed in many patents, including U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,140,249; 3,140,251; 3,140,252; 3,140,253; and 3,271,418. It is also known in the prior art to incorporate the crystalline zeolite into a matrix for catalytic cracking, and such disclosure appears in one or more of the above-identified U.S. patents.
It is also known that improved results will be obtained with regard to the catalytic cracking of gas oils if a crystalline zeolite having a pore size of less than 7 Angstrom units is included with a crystalline zeolite with or without a matrix. A disclosure of this type is found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,769,202. Although the incorporation of a crystalline zeolite having a pore size of less than 7 Angstrom units into a catalyst composite comprising a large-pore size crystalline zeolite (pore size greater than 8 Angstrom units) has indeed been very effective with respect to raising the octane number, nevertheless it did so at the expense of the overall yield of gasoline.
Improved results in catalytic cracking with respect to both octane number and overall yield were achieved in U.S. Pat. No. 3,758,403. In the '403 patent, the cracking catalyst comprised a large-pore size crystalline zeolite (pore size greater than 7 Angstrom units) in admixture with a ZSM-5 zeolite, wherein the ratio of ZSM-5 zeolite to large-pore size crystalline zeolite was in the range of 1:10 to 3:1. Effective cracking processes were disclosed as being achieved when the catalyst was used to obtain the inherent advantages realized in moving bed techniques, such as the thermofor catalytic cracking process (TCC), as well as in fluidized cracking processes (FCC).
The use of ZSM-5 zeolite in conjunction with a zeolite cracking catalyst of the X or Y faujasite variety is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3 894 931; 3,894,933; and 3,894,934. The former two patents disclose the use of a ZSM-5 zeolite in amounts of about 5-10 wt.%; the latter patent discloses the weight ratio of ZSM-5 zeolite to large-pore size crystalline zeolite within the range of 1:10 to 3:1.
The addition of a separate additive or composite catalyst comprising ZSM-5 has been found to be extremely efficient as an octane and total yield improver, when used in very small amounts, in conjunction with a conventional cracking catalyst. Thus, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,309,279, it was found that only 0.1 to 0.5 wt.% of a ZSM-5 catalyst, added to a conventional cracking catalyst under 1-3 RON+O (Research Octane Number Without Lead).
U.S. Pat. No. 4,309,280 also teaches ZSM-5 and other zeolites in conjunction with a conventional cracking catalyst.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,740,292 to Chen et al. discloses catalytic cracking with a mixture of zeolite Beta and a faujasite zeolite.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,309,279; 4,309,280; and 4,521,298 disclose catalytic cracking processes characterized by the addition of very small amounts of additive promoter comprising a class of zeolites having a Constraint Index of about 1 to 12 to cracking catalysts.
U S. Pat. No. 4,416,765 discloses catalytic cracking using a catalyst comprising an amorphous cracking catalyst and a minor amount of a class of crystalline zeolites characterized by a silica to alumina ratio greater than about 12 and a Constraint Index of about 1 to 12.

Use of ZSM-12 in catalytic cracking for gasoline octane improvement and co-production of light olefins


A flush valve includes a body with an inlet and an outlet and a valve seat at the outlet. There is a piston assembly movable in the body toward and away from the valve seat to control flow from the inlet to the outlet. There is a pressure chamber in the flush valve body which maintains the piston assembly on its valve seat. The piston assembly includes a refill orifice connecting the pressure chamber with the body inlet. There is a relief valve in the piston assembly for venting the pressure chamber to the outlet. The piston assembly includes a guide and a piston attached thereto. There is a seal having an annular perimeter portion which is positioned between facing surfaces of the guide and piston and the seal has an annular interior portion positioned on the relief valve seat to form a seal with a relief valve. The seal interior portion and perimeter portion are connected by plurality of radially extending ribs permitting a degree of relative movement between the seal interior and perimeter portions.

The present invention relates to flush valves for use in connection with toilet devices such as urinals and water closets, and more specifically, to a piston type flush valve. More particularly, the invention relates to a specific improvement in the seal between the piston and guide of the flush valve piston assembly, which seal also functions in cooperation with the piston assembly relief valve. In prior art flush valves of the type manufactured by Sloan Valve Company of Franklin Park, Illinois, the assignee of the present invention, there is a single seal which is positioned between the piston and guide of the flush valve, which seal also cooperates with the piston assembly relief valve. At times, if this seal is over-torqued when assembling the piston to the guide, the seal may wrinkle, preventing full closure of the relief valve.
The present invention improves the seal for the piston assembly by having a perimeter portion which provides a seal between the piston and its guide and an interior portion which seals at the relief valve seat. The perimeter portion and the interior portion are connected together by integral ribs which absorb any buckling force at the perimeter seal to maintain concentricity of the interior seal at the relief valve seat.
The present invention relates to piston type flush valve for use with urinals and water closets, and more specifically, to an improved dual function seal for use in the piston assembly.
A primary purpose of the invention is to provide a dual function seal for the described environment which has a perimeter portion sealing between the piston and the guide and an interior portion which seals at the relief valve seat.
Another purpose is a dual seal as described in which the perimeter portion and the interior portion are connected together by a plurality of radially extending ribs which permit a degree of relative movement between the interior and exterior portions.
Another purpose is a seal as described which maintains concentricity of the interior seal even if the exterior seal is over-torqued when assembling the piston to the guide.
Another purpose of the invention is to provide a seal for the use described which creates a semi-permanent seal at the outer perimeter between the upper and lower parts of the piston assembly for the life of the piston assembly and creates a semi-dynamic seal at the interior which allows the relief valve to move relative to its seat during the flush cycle.
Another purpose is to provide a seal for the described environment which has two separate sealing areas connected by several small integral ribs.
Other purposes will appear in the ensuing specification, drawings and claims.


A data storage system comprising a Quality of Service server to optimize revenue realized under multiple service level agreements with a data storage client.

A person offering a data storage service, such as a Storage Service Provider ("SSP") or an information services department within a company, needs to ensure that performance requirements are met for accessing the stored data. It is common in computer systems for a single data storage system to be used to hold data for multiple storage clients, which may be different computers, different applications, or different users. When the data storage system is owned by a Storage Service Provider, different clients using the same system may be separate customers, with separate contractual arrangements with the SSP.
A storage system has many components that participate in the servicing of requests from clients. These include but are not limited to: arm actuators, data channels, disk controllers, memory buses, and protocol chips on the disk drives themselves; processors, memory controllers, buses, and protocol chips on storage system controllers; and SCSI buses, network links, loops, fabric switches, and other components for the client-to-controller and controller-to-disk interconnect. A request generally requires several of these components to participate at particular steps in its processing. Many components can generally be used concurrently, so that steps in the servicing of many requests are being performed simultaneously.
To facilitate the concurrent utilization of resources, the system is built with an ability to enqueue requests and the subtasks involved in servicing them. There is a tradeoff between throughput (the total number of requests or number of bytes processed) and response time (the elapsed time from when the request is received by the system and when its completion is reported to the client). To achieve maximum throughput, a client usually submits a large number of requests for data. The large request load enables efficient workload scheduling in the system, but the response time in this case may be many times greater than that for a lightly loaded system because the requests spend a long time in the queue before being serviced.
Typically, the storage system contains one or more storage devices such as disk drives for storing data in a persistent way. It also contains one or more processors that handle requests for access, generally calling upon the storage devices to do so. Associated with these storage devices and processors are memory devices and data transfer channels, such as data buses, that are all needed for processing the requests. The system further includes some form of interconnect facility through which the clients submit data requests to the processors. This may be a network capable of supporting general purpose communications among clients, processors and other devices, or it may consist of more specialized interconnect facilities such as direct connections. Within one system, there may be many instances of each kind of device and facility. These are all resources of the system; however, they need not all be owned exclusively by the storage system. For example, the processors and memory buses might be involved in other computational tasks that are not part of handling storage requests from the clients.
One request from a client to the system generally does not require exclusive use of all resources. The system is designed therefore to handle many requests from many clients concurrently by scheduling stages in the processing of requests concurrently, such as disk arm motion and data transfer. One of the system's functions for achieving concurrency is queuing, by which the stages of processing for one request can be delayed when other requests are occupying required resources.
Storage service providers often enter into Service Level Agreements ("SLAs") with data owners, whereby each SLA typically specifies a maximum average response time, i.e. an RTSLA, for requests made by the data owner to write and/or read data to and/or from the SSPs storage facility. When servicing requests from (N) multiple data owners under (N) SLAs, the SSP must allocate system resources such that RT(j)SLA, for each value of (j), is satisfied, where (j) is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to (N).
Although the data objects used by different clients will generally be separate, the storage system resources involved in accessing those data objects will often overlap. These resources may include any of the components described above, such as storage devices, processors, memory, buses, and interconnect. One client's access to data can suffer performance degradation when another client consumes too much of one or more resources. If this competition for resources is not controlled, may be difficult to meet the response times specified in the (N) SLAs. Even if each RT(j)SLA is satisfied, permitting each of the (N) applications to consume arbitrary levels of system resources will not likely generate the maximum revenue for the storage system provider.
Various mechanisms are known in the art to allocate system resources amongst multiple storage system clients. What is needed, however, is a data storage system configured to both satisfy the contractual obligations of the storage system provider, and provide system resources in a way that maximizes the revenue to the storage system provider.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Data storage system to optimize revenue realized under multiple service level agreements

International Business Machines Corporation


The present invention relates to a moist pet treat and a method of making the pet treat. More particularly, the invention relates to a moist pet treat comprising an animal by-product selected from the group consisting of a snout, ear, lung, heart, brain, cartilage, organ tissue, muscle tissue, and bone tissue and a humectant.

Pet owners have a variety of commercially available pet treats to choose from, including rawhide, jerky treats, and biscuits. Two types of treats are animal or meat product derivatives, and starch based products that include meat palatability enhancers. Both treat types have a meat based flavor to which cats and dogs are attracted. Generally, meat or poultry broth concentrate or powder, such as liver digest, function as a palatability enhancer in starch based pet treats. Thus, there are meat and meat flavored treats available which are desired by consumers.
Starch based pet treats, however, suffer from a number of drawbacks including being brittle or hard. The starch treats also have a tendency to become hard after the treat has been removed from its packaging. Harder pet treats are difficult for pets to chew and may not be desirable to pets having sensitive teeth or gums. For this reason alternatives to hard starch based treats are desired such as soft moist pet treats.
Animal derivative products are usually by-products including ears, snouts, hooves, and other animal parts. By-products have a couple of problems; first bacteria, mold, and yeast will grow on these products, if the moisture content is higher than 14%. If the moisture content is less than 14% it is likely that the treats are hard and in some cases brittle. As stated, many consumers prefer a soft and "moist" treat. Most of the by-products are cooked in an oven-like process and dried to a moisture content of less than 15%, whereby most of the free water has been removed. This moisture content is critical to make the product shelf stable. The resultant low moisture content yields a hard treat, such as a cooked and dried pig ear. Currently, available animal pet treats made with bones, rawhide, cow tails, pig ears and cow snouts, are generally very hard and not very easy for a pet to chew. Generally, younger pets with undeveloped teeth or older pets having fewer teeth also have a hard time with these types of treats. Thus, animal by-products suffer from either too much moisture or being hard and sometimes brittle.
There are options for making soft animal by-product treats, that have a sufficiently low bacteria count. Unfortunately, many of these products have deficiencies. For example, one pet treat currently available mixes turkey meat with turkey liver, followed by an anti-oxidant. The mixture is emulsified and mixed with other additives and extruded to form a sausage like product. Such an extrusion process is capital intensive, as it includes mills, mixers, an extruder, and a drier.
Another animal pet treat currently available is a soft rawhide product that is made by soaking animal rawhide in a humectant and at least one antimicrobial agent. Although this process produces a moist pet treat that is palatable to a pet, it also includes an antimicrobial agent, such as hydrogen peroxide. The use of antimicrobial agents, such as hydrogen peroxide, can adversely affect a pet by causing organ and tissue damage. Thus, a moist pet treat with a low microbial count is desired without the addition of an antimicrobial agent.
As described above, there are various problems with currently available soft animal treats. The pet treats that are soft, generally have a high moisture content. This moisture content may lead to bacterial growth that if consumed by a pet, may make the pet sick. The pet treats that include an antimicrobial agent to prevent such bacterial growth may also be detrimental to the pet, as consumption of the antimicrobial agent may also make the pet sick. There is, therefore, still a need for a pet treat that is soft, moist, and does not promote bacterial growth while also not including antimicrobial agents.


A circuit arrangement includes a load current controller (10a) and a monitoring device (11a, 11b). The load current controller (10a) has its input side connected to a first reference signal connection (A6) and a load reference connection (A2), the latter being able to be coupled to an output of the current source (SQn) and being designed to provide a control signal (IB) at an output which is coupled to a control connection (A1) for controlling the current source (SQn). The control signal (IB) is determined on the basis of a comparison of a load current (IL) with a first reference signal (IL-REF, IREF, VREF). The monitoring device (11a, 11b) has its input side coupled to the output of the load current controller (10a) and to one of the inputs of the load current controller (10a). The monitoring device (11a, 11b) is designed to provide a feedback signal (RS) at an output coupled to the feedback connection (A3) on the basis of a comparison of the control signal (IB) with the load current (IL). The feedback connection (A3) provides an external feedback signal (ERS) for adjusting a load voltage (VL) which drops across the current source (SQn) and the load (LK) coupled thereto.

The back-lighting in modern LCD panels (TVs, monitors) is generated by light-emitting diodes (LEDs). A large number of LEDs are required to achieve a homogeneous illumination of the entire screen. Multiple controlled current sources are used in order to deliver a load current that flows through the LEDs, which are arranged in LED chains. A corresponding arrangement can be found in FIG. 1, in which several current sources SQn are coupled to the LED chains LK. In order to reduce the power loss of the current sources SQn, the voltages VC are adjusted in such a manner that correct operation of the current sources SQn is just barely possible. For this purpose, the voltages VC are supplied to a DC/DC feedback circuit that evaluates the voltages VC and supplies the result of this evaluation to a DC/DC voltage regulator. Based on this input, the DC/DC voltage regulator transforms an input voltage VIN into an appropriate load voltage VL. The load voltage VL drops across the current source SQn and the load LK. This control loop has the effect that the current source SQn is operated at the desired operating point. Because the LED chains LK can all have a different voltage drop, all voltages VC are taken into account by the DC/DC control loop circuit. The decisive factor for the adjustment of the load voltage VL is the LED chain LK that has the highest voltage drop. The result of this is that an excessively high voltage VC is set for the remaining current sources SQn. This in turn leads to an increased power loss of the current sources in question.
The arrangement shown in FIG. 1 also has an LED monitor that checks whether an LED chain LK is interrupted or short-circuited. The detection of an interruption of an LED chain LK is necessary for such a control loop because the DC/DC feedback loop would otherwise raise the load voltage VL more and more. Because this effect leads to high power losses at the other current sources SQn, the interrupted LED chain LK must be switched off. The detection of a partial or complete short circuit in an LED chain LK is necessary in order to prevent thermal destruction of the affected current source SQn due to high power loss.
FIG. 2 shows the curves of the load voltage VL and the voltage VC for different operating situations. If an arrangement according to FIG. 1 is put into operation, the voltages VL and VC initially rise, until an optimum operating range (VCmin, VLmin) is reached. A typical load voltage runs in the range between 5 and 500 V, depending on the number of LEDs that are connected in series. Because the temperature, and therefore the voltage drop on the LED chains, varies in the course of operation, the load voltage VL also changes. FIG. 2 also shows different operating situations for the voltage VC (VC(a) to VC(e)). The difference between the voltage VL and the voltage VC designates the voltage drop on the corresponding LED chain LK. The voltage VC(a) shows an application case for dimming an LED chain LK. Dimming an LED chain LK is accomplished via a pulse-width modulation of the voltage signal VC. The pulse-width modulation switches the current source SQn on and off in defined time intervals and thus causes dimming of the LED chain LK. The load voltage VL is held constant. The voltages VC(b) and VC(c) show the voltage curve on different LED chains LK. This shows, for the sake of example, that the voltage drop at different LED chains LK can be of different magnitudes. VC(c) is the relevant voltage here for regulating the load voltage VL, because it has a lower value than the voltage VC(b). The voltage VC(d) shows an example for an LED chain that has an interruption. Therefore, the entire load voltage VL drops at the LED chain. There is no longer any voltage drop at the current source SQn. The voltage VC(e) shows a voltage curve for a partially short-circuited LED chain LK. Therefore, an increased voltage V(e) drops at the current source SQn due to the short circuit inside the LED chain LK and leads to an increased power loss.
From the descriptions for FIGS. 1 and 2, it follows that a DC/DC feedback circuit is necessary in order to reduce the voltage drop at the current sources SQn. Without this regulation, there is an excessively high loss of power at the current sources SQn. The detection of an interruption inside the LED chain LK is also necessary in order to exclude the relevant LED chain LK from the evaluation by the DC/DC feedback circuit. An interruption of the LED chain LK would otherwise lead to a falsified evaluation in the DC/DC feedback circuit and thus to an excessive load voltage VL. The recognition of a short circuit inside an LED chain LK is additionally necessary in order to protect the affected current source SQn from excessive power losses and therefore from thermal destruction. Furthermore, the current sources SQn should also be located outside of an integrated circuit in the case of load currents through the LED chains LK exceeding the value of 100 mA, because the power loss that occurs would be too high, particularly on smaller modules. This leads to an integrated control circuit that comprises the DC/DC feedback circuit and the LED monitor from FIG. 1 and external current sources SQn, which are electrically coupled to the integrated control circuit. The integrated control circuit acquires the voltages VC from the LED chains LK in order to adjust the DC/DC voltage regulator therewith and to be able to handle the LC monitoring functions. For this tapping of the voltages VC, however, the integrated monitoring circuit requires a connection that is designed even for high voltages.

Control loop arrangement, circuit arrangement and method of regulating a load-coupled current source and the supply voltage therefor


A railway car brake system comprising a control device engageable with a predetermined portion of such railway car for compensating braking force in response to a load carried by such railway car. The control device includes a sensor mechanism engageable with a truck bolster or a movable car structure for sensing a vertical position thereof corresponding to a load carried by the railway car. There is a control valve engageable with the sensor mechanism which generates a fluid pressure signal responsive to such load. A pneumatic actuator engageable with a predetermined brake beam disposed on such truck assembly and connected to such control valve. This pneumatic actuator generates a predetermined braking force responsive to the fluid pressure signal and further responsive to the load carried by the railway car as sensed by the sensor mechanism. Such predetermined braking force may be proportionally adjusted to variations in the load carried by the railway car.

Brake systems for railway car double axle wheel trucks generally include brake shoes mounted on opposite ends of a pair of brake beams which are positioned between the axles. These brake beams are movable away from each other in order to bring such brake shoes into engagement with the wheel treads.
Customarily, these prior art type brake systems include a cylinder and piston for actuating the brake shoes into frictional engagement with the wheels. The cylinder and piston can either be mounted on the railroad car which the wheel truck supports, "car mounted", or can be mounted on the wheel truck, "truck mounted." In both cases, a multiple lever system interconnects the piston and the brake beams for proper operation of the brakes.
As is well known in the railway industry, one of the major problems arising in all railway car brake systems is that the load imposed by the cars on their respective wheel trucks can vary considerably from car to car and truck to truck. Thus, in a single train consist, some of the cars may be fully loaded, some partially loaded, and some empty. Conditions may exist where one end of a car is loaded differently than the other end which poses different requirements for braking systems mounted at each truck.
Consequently, if uniform pressure is applied to the pneumatic means, i.e., the piston/cylinder, for the wheels of all the cars, the braking effect will be much higher on partially loaded and empty cars than on fully loaded cars. Obviously, as would be expected, this situation is undesirable.

Brake system with integrated car load compensating arrangement


To provide a method of manufacturing an optical film formed on a plastic substrate. There is provided a method of manufacturing an optical film including the steps of laminating a separation layer and an optical filter on a first substrate, separating the optical filter from the first substrate, attaching the optical filter to a second substrate. Since the optical film manufactured according to the invention has flexibility, it can be provided on a portion or a display device having a curved surface. Further, the optical film is not processed at high temperatures, and hence, an optical film having high yield with high reliability can be formed. Furthermore, an optical film having an excellent impact resistance property can be formed.

In recent years, a technique of forming a thin film transistor (TFT) using a semiconductor thin film (with a thickness of approximately from several nm to several hundreds nm), which is formed over a substrate with an insulated surface, has been attracting attention. The thin film transistor has been widely applied in various electronic devices such as an IC and an electronic apparatus. In particular, development related to the thin film transistor as a switching element for a liquid crystal panel and a light emitting display panel has been hurried.
With respect to a liquid crystal display panel, a liquid crystal material is sandwiched between an element substrate and an opposing substrate. Here, TFTs using amorphous silicon or polysilicon as semiconductors are arranged in matrix, and pixel electrodes, source wirings and gate wirings connecting to each TFT are formed over the element substrate respectively. The opposing substrate having an opposing electrode is placed opposite to the element substrate. Further, a color filter for color display is formed over the element substrate or the opposing substrate. Polarizing plates are then arranged over the element substrate and the opposing substrate as optical shutters, respectively, to display color images.
The color filter of the liquid crystal display device has colored layers consisting of R (red), G (green), B (blue), and a light shielding mask (black matrix) covering gaps between pixels, and extracts red light, green light, and blue light by transmitting light therethrough. A light shielding mask for the color filter is generally made from a metal film or an organic film containing a black pigment. The color filter is arranged at a position corresponding to the pixels, thereby being capable of changing the colors of light to be extracted for each pixel. Note that, the position corresponding to the pixels indicates a position that accords with a pixel electrode.
With respect to a light emitting display device, there are a colorizing method by arranging light emitting elements that emit red light, green light, or blue light in matrix; a coloring method by utilizing a color filter with use of a light emitting element that emits white light; and the like. The colorizing method by utilizing the color filter with use of the light emitting element that emits white color is similar to a colorizing method for a liquid crystal display device using a color filter in principle (see patent document 1).
[Patent document 1]: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-217072

Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.


A cover assembly for a trigger guard is described having a housing, a catch member connected to the housing, a release assembly mounted to the housing, and a biometric sensor assembly at least partially mounted to the housing. The housing has a base, a first sidewall and a second sidewall extending upwardly from the base to define a trigger guard receiving space. At least the first sidewall has an opening extending therethrough. The catch member is moveable between a locked position and an unlocked position. The release assembly is operable to cause the catch member to move from the locked position to the unlocked position. The biometric sensor assembly is configured to validate a biometric input and cause the release assembly to move the catch member from the locked position to the unlocked position based on validation of the biometric input.

Numerous ways have been attempted for securing firearms against unauthorized use. One such way has been to securing a cover assembly over the trigger guard to block access to the trigger of the fire arm.
Some trigger guard covers are formed of multiple discrete pieces covering either side of the trigger guard with an element extending between the pieces to secure the cover over the trigger guard. Multiple piece trigger guard covers with an exposed seam present inherent structural and security weak points. Covers having a single piece construction are also known, but fail to provide a secure cover for the trigger
Regardless of construction, multi-piece or single piece, trigger guard covers generally cannot be removed from the trigger guard with one-handed operation. Further current trigger guard covers are not generally removable by authorized users while the firearm hosting the trigger guard cover is in a firing or ready position.
A need exists for a trigger guard cover that can be removed by one-handed operation in a firing position. Further, there is a need for a trigger guard cover which enables an authorized user to access the firearm while preventing unauthorized access without adding substantial weight or bulk to the firearm hosting the trigger guard cover.


An item of clothing (10) for daily pharmacological treatment of a fungal infection, comprising: a textile material (20) to manage moisture when the item of clothing (10) is worn; microcapsules (30) grafted on the textile material (20); and antifungal agents encapsulated within the microcapsules (30) to pharmacologically treat the fungal infection when released from the microcapsules (30).

Fungi cause a wide spectrum of diseases. The most common examples are localized infections of the skin and mucous membranes, such as tinea pedis, vaginal yeast infections and infections of keratinized nails. Tinea pedis, also known as athlete's foot, is a form of ringworm associated with highly contagious yeast-fungi colonies. Tinea pedis is estimated to be the second most common skin disease in the United States behind acne, and up to 15% of the population may manifest the disease. Based on a review, tinea pedis may be present in a particular patient as one of the several syndromes. Typically, three variants are seen as shown in the following:    a) Interdigital type of tinea pedis.            This is the most common form usually manifested in the interspace of the fourth and fifth digits, and may spread to the underside of the toes. Patients often complain of itching and burning sensations on the feet accompanied by malodor.            b) Moccasin type tinea pedis            This type is a more severe, prolonged form of tinea pedis that covers the bottom and lateral aspects of the foot. Its appearance is in the form of a slipper or moccasin. The skin of the inflamed area in this type of infection is often scaly and hyperkeratotic with erythema around the soles and sides of the foot.            c) Vesiculobullous type of tinea pedis            This type comprises pustules or vesicles on the instep and adjacent plantar surfaces of the feet, and is less common.
Both non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments are applied to treat tinea pedis. Non-pharmacological treatment focuses on educating patients about the predisposing factors, and the chronic nature of the disease. The patients should try to eliminate the moisture that provides the environment for infection.
Keeping the feet clean and dry with the toenails trimmed reduces the incidence of skin disease on the feet. Wearing open-toed shoes and avoiding skin maceration are also recommended. However, some patients may not be able to wear the open-toed shoes due to reasons of etiquette, safety, or work requirements. In the market, there are some hygienic products such as anti-bacteria or anti-odor socks for common use. Silver ions or ceramic magnetic powders are used to eliminate bacteria resulting in controlling the odor-causing bacteria and preventing bad odor. However, for tinea pedis patients, these products are not suitable due to the lack of pharmacological treatment.
Pharmacological treatments involve the use of topical antifungal agents such as ketoconazole, terbinafine, econazole, or cicloprox creams. The treatments are applied onto the normal skin about 2 cm beyond the affected area. For example, 1% terbinafine cream is applied twice a day for one week. However, the data have shown that this kind of treatment fails to cure about one-third of patients with tinea pedis. Most of the relapses are due to poor compliance as the topical treatment should continue a minimum of one more week after the symptoms have cleared up.
In order to increase the successful rate of curing patients with tinea pedis and reduce the chances of relapse, there is a strong need to design and develop a convenient pharmacological treatment and protective measure which will reduce the suffering of disease symptoms.

Item of clothing for daily pharmacological treatment of a fungal infection


A method for quantitatively assessing diffusion anisotropy according to an invariant anisotropy index that accounts for orientational coherence of the measured principal directions between different localized regions of an object to counteract the bias and increased variance effects of noise inherent in the diffusion measurement. A diffusion weighted imaging sequence is performed on a two-dimensional slice of an object to provide raw diffusion weighted image signals, which are processed by conventional Fourier transform and magnitude reconstruction to provide diffusion weighted images, from which a diffusion tensor is estimated for each voxel of the imaged slice. In each voxel a lattice anisotropy index is calculated as a function of both the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of neighboring voxels such that intervoxel orientational coherence compensates noise-induced bias effects. The orientational coherence measure between two voxels is calculated according to an intervoxel deviatoric tensor dot product. The intervoxel lattice index for a given voxel is locally averaged over a group of adjacent voxel to provide a resulting lattice index for the given voxel. Lattice index images for visual observation of diffusion anisotropy are generated according to the lattice index in each voxel. Monte Carlo simulations are used to assess the noise immunity of lattice index functions formulated according to the present invention.

MR measurements of water diffusion in organs and tissues having an orderly, oriented structure, such as skeletal, cardiac, and uterine muscle, portions of the kidney, the lens, and white matter, exhibit diffusion anisotropy (i.e., a dependence of the diffusively on direction). The development of quantitative MRI measures of diffusion anisotropy is deemed to have important biological and clinical applications, helping clinicians infer microstructural characteristics of normal tissues that are undetected using other techniques, as well as pathological changes in tissue microstructure. This microstructural information may be useful in arriving at a correct diagnosis, as well as choosing and implementing appropriate therapies.
However, while a qualitative indication of diffusion anisotropy can be obtained by inspecting diffusion weighted images (DWIs), a quantitative assessment is more problematic. On theoretical grounds, it has been predicted that currently used indices of diffusion anisotropy derived from DWIs or from two or three apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) measured in perpendicular directions are not quantitative. In particular, they are rotationally variant because their values depend upon the direction of the applied diffusion gradients and the orientation of structures within each voxel. See, e.g., P. J. Basser, J. Mattiello, D. LeBihan. "MR diffusion tensor spectroscopy and imaging", Biophys J 66, 259-267 (1994), which is herein incorporated by reference. Further, it has been experimentally observed in living monkey brain that these indices which are calculated directly from ADCs generally underestimate the degree of diffusion anisotropy, and that this orientational artifact can be so severe as to make some highly anisotropic white matter structures appear completely isotropic, indistinguishable from gray matter. See, Pierpaoli, Carlo, and Basser, Peter J., "Toward a Quantitative Assessment of Diffusion Anisotropy", Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol. 36, pp. 893-906 (December 1996).
This orientational artifact can be eliminated by using rotationally invariant anisotropy indices that are functions of the eigenvalues of the diffusion tensor. These rotationally invariant anisotropy measures have values that are independent of the laboratory frame of reference, the direction of the applied diffusion gradients, and the orientation of the tissue structures within each voxel. Some of these rotationally invariant anisotropy measures require that the eigenvalues be sorted in magnitude order, while others do not require such sorting.
Nevertheless, even though these rotationally invariant indices elucidate anisotropy independent of orientational artifacts, these indices are still susceptible to noise inherent in the DWIs. Specifically, it has been demonstrated by Monte Carlo simulations that measurement noise introduces a bias in rotationally invariant diffusion anisotropy measures such that isotropic structures appear anisotropic and anisotropic structures appear more anisotropic. See, Pierpaoli, Carlo, and Basser, Peter J., "Toward a Quantitative Assessment of Diffusion Anisotropy", Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol. 36, pp. 893-906 (December 1996).
Further, due to the noise-induced bias in the measured eigenvalues, rotationally invariant anisotropy measures that require the eigenvalues to be sorted by their magnitude (such as the ratio of the largest and smallest eigenvalues, .lambda..sub.1 /.lambda..sub.3) are susceptible to a sorting bias that systematically overestimates of the degree of diffusion anisotropy. Moreover, once the eigenvalues (and/or eigenvectors) are sorted, the assumptions of random sampling are violated so that standard statistical tests used to analyze their distributions no longer apply.
In inhomogeneous tissues, attempts to increase SNR, either by increasing voxel size or by averaging the signal intensity of DWIs (or diffusion tensors, or rotationally invariant indices) over a region of interest, introduce a partial volume artifact that causes one to underestimate diffusion anisotropy by averaging a nonuniform distribution of fiber-tract directions. Therefore, such averaging techniques cannot be applied generally to mitigate noise and bias in the anisotropy indices.
It is further noted that the diffusion tensor may be used to construct diffusion ellipsoid images to elucidate anisotropy. The diffusion ellipsoids are surfaces of constant mean-squared displacement of diffusing water molecules at some time .tau. after they are released at the center of each voxel. The diffusion ellipsoids summarize the information contained in the diffusion tensor. The degree of diffusion anisotropy is embodied in the shape or eccentricity of the diffusion ellipsoid; the bulk mobility of the diffusing species is related to the size of the diffusion ellipsoid; and the preferred directions of diffusion are indicated by the orientation of the diffusion ellipsoid. If the tissue were isotropic, then the water mobility would be the same in all directions, and these surfaces would be spherical. However, if the medium were anisotropic, like brain white matter, then the mobility would depend upon the direction in which it is measured, and these surfaces would be ellipsoidal. Although the diffusion ellipsoids embody the information contained in the diffusion tensor, they are subject to the same artifacts that affect other rotationally invariant anisotropy measures.
Thus, it may be understood that anisotropy measures are susceptible and sensitive to background noise inherent in all DWIs. This effect influences the mean and variance of all diffusion anisotropy measures estimated from DWIs, and thus their accuracy and precision.
There remains a need, therefore, for further improvements in quantitatively assessing diffusion anisotropy, and particularly, a need for an anisotropy measure or index which is not only rotationally invariant but also is immune to noise.

Method to significantly reduce bias and variance of diffusion anisotrophy measurements

The United States of America as represented by the Department of Health and Human Services


A turbine rotor disk and a method of making the turbine rotor disk using solid state bonding techniques are disclosed. The turbine rotor disk includes a radially inner portion comprising a wrought nickel alloy having a yield strength of at least 126 ksi at 1,000° F. The turbine rotor disk also includes a radially outer portion bonded to the radially inner portion, said radially outer portion comprising a cast nickel alloy configured as a single crystal or with a grain size of ASTM 2 or larger.

Exemplary embodiments pertain to the art of ceramic matrix composites.
In gas turbine engines, disks which support turbine blades rotate at high speeds in a high temperature environment. In modern engines, operating temperatures can exceed 1500° F. (816° C.) in the exterior or rim portion of disks, and about 1000° F. (538° C.) at the inner or hub portions. In addition to this radial temperature gradient, there is also a stress gradient, with higher stresses occurring in the lower temperature hub region, while lower stresses occur in the higher temperature rim region in a typical disk. These differences in operating conditions radially across a disk result in different mechanical property requirements in the different disk regions, with the rim portion subjected to severe creep and hold time fatigue crack growth conditions, and the hub portion subjected to severe fatigue and high stress conditions. In order to achieve the maximum operating conditions in terms of efficiency and performance in an advanced turbine engine, it is desirable to utilize disk alloys having excellent hold time fatigue crack growth resistance and high temperature creep resistance in the rim portion while having high tensile strength and fatigue crack resistance at moderate temperatures in the hub portion.

Gas turbine rotor component and method of manufacture


A system for isolating a production pipeline string from the flow of fluids includes an isolation pipe string assembly. The isolation pipe string assembly is positioned by a shifting collet assembly so that in a first position fluids are allowed to the well bore through a sand control production screen. The shifting collet assembly is then used to position the isolation pipe string assembly in a second position wherein seals are placed both above and below the sand control production screen so that fluids are not allowed to re-enter the well bore.

Once a well has been drilled into an underground formation to obtain fluids contained in the underground formation, it is necessary to establish a system for removal of these fluids from the formation through the well bore. Typically the fluids enter the passages or tunnels which are formed in the formation. As the passages or tunnels are positioned to be near perforations formed in the casing which lines the well bore, the fluids flow through these perforations into the production piping through a screen formed in the production piping. Following the completion of a well, the fluids flow out the top of the well through one or more openings formed in the wall of an isolation pipe string assembly.
Wells drilled in sandy formations present distinct problems for well operators. Not only does the sand from the formation clog equipment, its abrasive nature quickly damages the equipment used to conduct fluids out of the well bore. Further, when sand is removed from the formation from which fluids are obtained, the formation surrounding the well bore may actually collapse and thus prevent further extraction of fluids from the well.
The necessity for and the systems typically used to control sand in wells is explained in an article entitled "Sand Control: Why and How?" which was published in Oil Field Review 4, No. 4 (October 1992) at pages 41-53.
To assure the continuous production of fluids through the well bore it is necessary to stabilize the passages or tunnels formed in the sandy formation through which the fluids must pass before being extracted through the well bore. Such stabilization is called well completion. Several different methods are typically used to stabilize the passages or tunnels which emanate outwardly from the well bore. The most popular of these well completion methods is known as gravel packing.
In the gravel packing method of completion of a well, gravel and a carrier or completion fluid are injected into the well in the form of a slurry. The slurry is guided into position near that portion of the formation through which fluid flow using a gravel packer assembly. The solid portion of the gravel slurry collects in the tunnels formed in the sandy formation through which the fluids pass and it also collects in the annular space between the interior wall of the casing which lines the well bore and the exterior wall of the production piping which is passed through the casing. This collection of solid gravel both stabilizes the tunnels formed in the sandy formation exterior to the well bore and it also acts as a filter to dramatically reduce the amount of sand which flows into the production piping.
The carrier fluid, or the completion fluid, which is used to create the gravel slurry to move the solid gravel into the well bore and into the tunnels which emanate outwardly from the well bore either leaks off into the sandy formation or is allowed to flow back into the well. In many situations well operators desire to prevent the flow of completion fluids through the sand control production screen. Accordingly, there is a need for a downhole tool which will prevent undesired fluids from flowing through the sand control production screen.
A didatic description of a system for the placement of a gravel pack assembly in a well appears in U.S. Pat. No. 4,858,690. This patent describes the placement of a gravel pack or assembly in a sub-sea well.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,579,844 and 5,609,204 describe systems for the zonal isolation of wells from the flow of completion fluids. The construction of the tools described in these two patents is complex and accordingly these zonal isolation tools are expensive and difficult to operate.
Therefore a need remains in the art to provide an inexpensive zone isolation system for use with a gravel packer assembly which has a minimum number of parts and is both reliable and easy to operate.


A process for manufacturing a multi-layer printed circuit board comprises a first metallic layer, a first Ta or Hf layer on one face of the first metallic layer, a first layer of Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 or HfO on a face of the Ta or Hf layer opposite the first metallic layer, a second metallic layer on the Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 or HfO layer opposite the Ta or Hf layer, a first dielectric layer on the first metallic layer opposite the Ta of Hf layer, and a second dielectric layer on the second metallic layer opposite the Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 or HfO layer. A multi-layer printed circuit board is formed by adding the following layers to form the second capacitor. A third metallic layer on said second dielectric layer, a second Ta or Hf layer on a face of the third metallic layer, a second Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 or HfO layer on a face of the second Ta or Hf layer opposite the third metallic layer, a fourth metallic layer on the second Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 or HfO layer opposite the second Ta or Hf layer, and a third dielectric layer on the fourth metallic layer opposite the second Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 or HfO layer.

The present invention relates generally to printed circuit boards, and deals more particularly with a capacitor formed within a printed circuit board.
Printed circuit boards are widely used today to mount and interconnect electrical components such as discrete resistors, discrete capacitors, transistors, digital circuits, etc. It is common for the printed circuit board to contain many layers. Typically most of the components are mounted on the surface. Some of the conductors used to interconnect the components are also printed on the surface. The inner layers are primarily used to interconnect the components through other conductors printed on these inner layers and conductive vias passing through the outer and inner layers. For complicated circuits, the surface area must be carefully allocated to fit the many requisite components. Also, it is desirable to position some of the capacitors near to other, associated components to minimize path length and thereby minimize parasitic inductance.
It was also previously known to form a discrete capacitor from a bottom aluminum electrode, a next layer of tantalum (Ta), a next layer of Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 serving as a dielectric, and a top electrode layer. This capacitor was mounted on the surface of a substrate, and two conductive vias passed through the substrate to connect to the two electrodes. This capacitor was not part of a printed circuit board, but instead was a surface component on a substrate.
To conserve surface area of a printed circuit board, it may be desirable to form some of the capacitors within the printed circuit board. This will reduce demands on the surface area and also permit a capacitor to be located near to an associated component, if there is no space available on the surface near to this component.
Various techniques were previously known to form a capacitor within a printed circuit board. See for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,079,069 and 5,161,086. While theses techniques may be effective in their respective printed circuit boards and for their respective applications, further improvements are desirable to provide a high amount of capacitance per amount of inner layer area utilized, provide a fabrication process with acceptable cost and complexity and provide a fabrication process which is compatible with the requisite printed circuit board materials, such as epoxy, polyimide or Teflon polymers and polymer impregnated glass cloth or fiber laminate materials and the like. Epoxy resins typically have glass transition temperatures from about 120.degree. C. to about 190.degree. C. and thermal decomposition temperatures from about 300.degree. C. to about 375.degree. C. Epoxy resins will withstand short duration exposures above the glass transition temperature, but will not withstand temperature excursions above the thermal decomposition temperature. For example, the fabrication process required for the capacitor cannot require so much heat or harsh chemicals as to degrade the printed circuit board materials.

Capacitor formed within printed circuit board

International Business Machines Corporation

by Jane C. Mahmoud, legal representative


The present invention relates to a cutter for a raise boring head. The cutter is rotatable about a center axis and mounted, via a shaft of the cutter, in a saddle secured to the raise boring head. The shaft has ends that are secured to the saddle by a fastening mechanism. Bearings are provided between the shaft and a hub of the cutter in order to make it possible for the hub to rotate relative to the shaft. Seals are provided between the shaft and the hub, and the bore which is provided for introducing lubrication into the interior of the cutter. An expansion plug is mounted in the bore. The expansion plug is designed to accommodate the lubrication that enters into the bore from the bearings. A stopper is provided in the bore. The stopper encases a part of the fastening mechanism and is arranged to prevent mud from entering the orifice of the bore.

The present invention relates to a cutter for a raise boring head. The cutter is rotatable about a center axis and mounted, via a shaft of the cutter, in a saddle secured to the raise boring head. The shaft has ends that are secured to the saddle by fastening means. Bearing means are provided between the shaft and a hub of the cutter in order to make it possible for the hub to rotate relative to the shaft. Sealing means between the shaft and the hub, and bore/hole means for introducing lubrication means into the interior of the cutter are provided. An expansion plug is mounted in the bore means. The expansion plug is designed to accommodate lubrication means that enters into the bore means from the bearing means. A stopper means is provided in the bore means. The invention further relates to a stopper means and a method of preventing mud from entering into a cutter.
When cutters of the type mentioned above are working it is necessary that the bearing means are embedded in a lubricant, preferably grease, i.e. the space between the shaft and the cutter is filled with grease. This is done in order to minimize the friction when the hub is rotated relative to the shaft. By having a low internal friction in the bearing means the life of the cutter is kept at an acceptable level. When the cutter is subjected to a heavy load, much heat is generated when the hub is rotated relative to the shaft and by friction when the cutter works the rock. Due to the heat generation the grease expands and the internal pressure of the cutter rises. Under such conditions it occasionally happens that the internal pressure of the cutter reaches a level where the sealing means are not able to withstand said internal pressure, i.e. the sealing means collapses and the grease emerges from the bearing means. It is readily understood that if the sealing means collapses then the cutter will rapidly break down.
In our SE-B-501 854 a cutter for a reaming head is provided with means to avoid the above-mentioned drawbacks. Said reference is incorporated in the present description by reference. However, it has turned out that during normal generally dry working conditions, mud has a tendency to clog the exit to the outside of the cutter. The clogged mud assume properties similar to concrete. This means that the escape route of the grease becomes blocked and that regreasing has to be preceded by a thorough cleaning in order to facilitate dismounting of a retainer plug.
In our U.S. Pat. No. 4,448,271 a mounting system for a saddle is described to which the present invention relates.

Cutter, a stopper means and a method of preventing mud from entering into a cutter


Methods and apparatus for processing a service request received from a client are disclosed. When a service request is received, a plurality of packets are transmitted, where each of the plurality of packets identify a different type of service via which to send the corresponding packet. In addition, a mapping of each different type of service to an IP address is preferably maintained, thereby enabling the service request to be processed via an IP address associated with a type of service identified in a first one of the plurality of packets to be received.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to traffic redirection in a distributed system. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for redirecting traffic to a particular network location.
2. Description of the Related Art
A computer network may be defined as an interconnected collection of autonomous computers. In a distributed system, the existence of these multiple autonomous computers is transparent to the user. To achieve this transparency, allocation of jobs to processors and all other system functions must be automatic. These automated system functions are typically provided by an operating system.
In general, the operating system hides the details of the hardware from the user and provides the user with a convenient interface for using the system. More particularly, the operating system is responsible for allocating resources within the distributed system and schedules the execution of various services accordingly. Thus, the operating system selects the best processor, locates and transfers all corresponding service requests to the appropriate location. In this mariner, the operating system ensures that system resources such as file servers are used in an efficient manner.
The resource allocation provided by the operating system includes the retrieval and processing of data. Often, this data is stored on one or more shared file servers. Users in such a system are called clients. Communication from a client generally comprises a request message asking for a particular service to be performed. The service request message is then sent to an appropriate server. The server then does the work requested and sends back a reply. Thus, data is accessed and processed by the server in accordance with the service request message.
Similarly to allocating resources among multiple servers in a simple network, it is also important to appropriately allocate client requests among servers on the Internet. For instance, redundant data centers are often required in order to provide a backup in the event of failure of one of the data centers. Thus, when there are globally distributed data centers that provide the same content, various metrics are often used to select the optimum site to which to send a client request.
When a client requests access to a particular Internet domain name on the Internet, this domain name must be translated to an Internet Protocol (IP) address. More particularly, the Domain Name System (DNS) is used to map domain names of hosts and clients on the Internet to their corresponding IP addresses. Since a central list of domain name-IP address mappings would be impractical, such lists are distributed throughout the Internet in various DNS servers. By way of example, a client typically sends a DNS query to a DNS server that includes a host name with an indication that an IP address is requested. The DNS server then returns an IP address associated with the host name.
Ping is a basic Internet program that enables a client to verify that a particular IP address exists and that the host can accept requests. More particularly, ping is typically used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer is actually operating. Ping is also used with a host that is operating to determine how long it takes to get a response back. Ping operates by sending a packet to a designated address and waiting for a response.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a system in which a round-trip-response time metric is used to determine the optimum route among multiple possible routes. More particularly, when a client 102 sends a DNS query to a DNS server 104, the DNS server 104 sends a query to a content router 106 capable of determining the optimum route via which to send a client request. As shown, the content router 106 holding the client request sends a "ping" packet 108 to multiple routers 112, 114. For instance, the routers 112, 114 may be located at geographically disparate locations. Each router receiving a "ping" packet responds back to the content router 106 with a response 116 that indicates the total round-trip time. In other words, the total round-trip time is calculated by adding the time that the "ping" packet 108 travels from the content router 106 to one of the routers 112, 114 and the time that the response packet 116 travels back to the content router 106. In this manner, the content router 106 is able to measure the latency of response time from various disparate, geographically located servers or routers 112, 114. The content router 106 then informs the client DNS server 104 which server 112, 114 is closest. The client DNS server 104 then informs the client 102 which server is the most accessible server. The DNS server 104 then connects the client 102 to the appropriate web site.
Although the round-trip-response time metric is a valuable tool that may be used to determine the most efficient route and therefore the most appropriate web server to send a request, there are several drawbacks to this approach. First, the ping packet is often blocked by firewalls. Second, another method using TCP syn ack packets may look like a security denial of a service attack. As a result, another "boomerang" race system is also commonly used to determine the optimum route for routing of client requests.
Both the round-trip-response time metric and the boomerang race system methods are valuable in determining a fastest link among multiple links. However, such calculations rely upon the premise that these travel times are static. In other words, these calculations do not take into consideration that transmission times rely, at least in part, upon network availability of service providers of the Internet. Accordingly, neither of these methods is capable of determining a fastest provider from among multiple facilities or service providers. It would therefore be desirable if a mechanism were provided to enable the optimum service provider to be selected dynamically among multiple service providers on a per transaction basis.
While the Domain Name System is important in locating a particular web site or domain name on the Internet, the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is important in exchanging files on the World Wide Web. Each web server contains an HTTP daemon that is designed to wait for HTTP requests and handle them when they arrive. A web browser is an example of a HTTP client that sends requests to server machines. When the browser user enters a file request by "opening" a web file (e.g., by typing in a Uniform Resource Locator) or clicking on a hypertext link, the browser builds an HTTP request and sends it to the IP address indicated by the URL. The HTTP daemon in the destination server machine receives the request and, after any necessary processing, the requested file is returned.
When an HTTP request is processed, it is sent to a particular HTTP server. As described above, various metrics have been implemented for selecting a suitable server on the Internet. However, existing metrics only consider the link between the client's DNS server and the server that the client is attempting to reach. Thus, it would also be desirable if a mechanism for selecting the optimum server (or link) via a preferred service provider could be implemented that takes into account the entire network, from client to server, when making server site selections.
In view of the above, a system and method for redirecting traffic in a distributed system according to individual service provider capabilities would be desirable.


A handle apparatus is provided to a door of a vehicle and inside the vehicle compartment. The handle apparatus includes a handle lever, a locking knob, and cover member. A latch mechanism is released and a door of a vehicle can be opened by operating the handle lever. The locking knob is movable between a lock position and an unlock position by moving a lock operational unit in a specific region. The door gets locked when the locking knob is in the lock position, and the door gets unlocked when the locking knob is in the unlock position. The cover member covers at least a rear region of the specific region in which the lock operational unit can move.

1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a handle apparatus provided inside the vehicle compartment to open the door of the vehicle and lock or unlock the door.
2) Description of the Related Art
Handle apparatuses of vehicle doors usually has a handle lever and a locking knob. A latch mechanism is released and the door can be opened by operating (turning or pulling) the handle lever. The door can be locked by operating the locking knob in a specific direction and can be unlocked by operating the locking knob in another specific direction. When the door is locked, an operation on the handle lever is not conveyed to the latch mechanism so that the door can not be opened. On the contrary, when the door is unlocked, an operation on the handle lever is conveyed to the latch mechanism so that the door is opened.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 3333745 discloses a conventional handle apparatus. In this handle apparatus, a lock operational unit of a locking knob is disposed near on a base of a handle lever in neighboring manner, and they are rotatably born by a common supporting shaft member.
Generally the handle apparatus is provided in a front half of the door. Accordingly, there is a little risk that a passenger unconsciously touches the handle lever or operates the locking knob while the vehicle is running. The passenger can perform the opening/closing of the door or the locking of the door only by stretching his/her hand.
However, due to shocks, for example if the vehicle collides with an object, the passenger can move greatly in the vehicle compartment, and can happen to operate the handle apparatus and open the door or lock the door. If the door is opened while the vehicle is running, it can lead to an accident. On the other hand, it becomes difficult to open the door from outside, for example in an emergency, if the door is locked from inside.


A picture frame has a plastic rear wall wherein a bearing member is mounted so as to be pivotable about an axis orthogonal to the rear wall between a first and a second end position spaced by 90.degree.. A prop is hinged to the bearing member so as to be unfoldable from a recess of the rear wall into a first spread-apart position when the bearing member assumes the first end position and into a second spread-apart position when the bearing member is in its other end position. In either spread-apart position, the prop defines a different angle with the rear wall, said angles being determined by stops on the rear wall cooperating with stops on the prop.

The present invention relates to a frame for the display of pictures. Such frame may be an ordinary picture frame but the invention is preferably used in connection with a so-called sheet exchanger or picture exchanger as disclosed e.g. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,879,825. Briefly, such an exchanger comprises a housing having a display window in which a picture or sheet of a stack of sheets is exhibited. A slider may be reciprocated relative to the housing in a direction parallel to the window and activates an exchange mechanism by which the stack is cyclically rearranged. Such an apparatus stores a relatively great number of pictures, in particular photographic prints, but may also be used as a hanging frame or as a display stand. In the latter case, the housing is to be provided with a stand or prop.
A sheet exchanger having a prop is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,798,015. The prop extends under an angle almost diagonally with respect to the outer edges of the substantially rectangular housing and is connected to the housing by means of a hinge about which the prop may be pivoted into its operative position defined by stop lock means. The term "stop lock" as used herein defines a positive arresting of the prop when unfolded from the frame. The design is such that the frame defines the same angle with a table or like support when it is in upright and when it is in sidewise position. When the prop is not used it may be folded back into a complementary housing recess. A complementary recess for accomodation of a triangular frame prop is also disclosed in Swiss patent 456 875. Another sheet exchanger having a prop which may be pivoted relative to the housing about two axes is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,376,348.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,343,777 discloses a display stand provided with a prop. The prop is hinged to a support member which is pivotably mounted on the rear side of a frame member. The pivotable support member may be turned into any position, and the angle between the frame member and the prop may be arbitrarily adjusted to the convenience of the user.
Another frame provided with a prop is disclosed in British patent 1,073,651. The prop is integrally molded from plastics material. It comprises a hub portion to be mounted on the frame back and a prop portion connected to the hub portion by means of a hinge formed by a notch between hub and prop. The notch is triangular in cross section so as to define a stop which limits the angle between frame and prop. As the frame is rectangular but not square, the angle between the frame and a supporting surface is different for up-right and sidewise position when the prop is positioned by the stop.
German patent 150994 discloses a frame having a prop system basically similar to that of British patent 1,073,651.


The present invention provides a component-based tool for converting a data source from a first format into a second format. Specifically, the present invention includes reusable importer and resource writer components. Each importer component is designed to import all or a portion of a data source of a particular first data type and convert this data source from the first data type into an intermediate data type. A resource writer component may then convert the data source in the intermediate data type into an application artifact in the specific second data format that corresponds to the resource writer. Furthermore, a framework may be included within which the appropriate importer and resource writer may be stored and/or chosen from a plurality of importers and resource writers for performing a required conversion.

The world of information technology is a dynamic and rapidly changing world. As this world of information technology evolves, new tools are constantly being developed to assist in its further development. Because of this constant evolution, a tool that was cutting edge just a short time ago may be virtually obsolete today.
This rapid obsolesce caused by new tools is especially true in the area of development tools. These development tools are tools that are used by a developer to create new forms of data. They include such tools as programming languages, database creation and management software, word processors, and spreadsheet programs. Each of these types of development tools allows a developer to use data in important and unique ways.
One major challenge in the industry occurs in the case that a development tool that had been used to develop a number of data sources becomes supplanted by a newer development tool. A developer that encounters such a situation may be forced to choose from a number of unpleasant options. If the developer refuses to make a change to the new software in order to maintain the current group of data sources, new efficiency and functionality resulting from the new development tool may be sacrificed. In contrast, if the user decides to employ the new development tool, the current data sources must be rewritten in the new format, converted from the old format to the new format, or discarded. Any of these options may result in large amounts of time and/or money simply to return the developer to a place in which the data sources may be used as previously.
Currently, there are a few tools for converting from a particular old format to a particular new format. However, these tools are limited in that they are dependant on both the old format and the new format for which they are written. For example, if a conversion tool is designed to convert Cobol code into Java™ code, and later there is a need for converting DB2 (DB2 is a trade-mark of IBM Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both) database definitions into Java code, an entirely new conversion tool must be used. This is likewise true if a need arises for converting Cobol code into Extensible Markup Language (XML). In addition, the current tools are often stored and accessed separately so that users of the current tools may have difficulty finding the correct tool for a particular task.
In view of the foregoing, there exists a need for a solution that overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art.

Configurable importers and resource writers for converting data into another format


Silylated polyurethanes exhibiting a superior combination of mechanical properties and which cure in reasonable time to a low-tack sealant, without excessive viscosity, are prepared by reacting a polyol component having terminal unsaturation of less than 0.2 meq/g with a diisocyanate component to form a hydroxyl-terminated prepolymer, and endcapping the prepolymer with an isocyanate silane of the formula OCN--R--Si--(X).sub.m (--OR.sup.1).sub.3-m wherein m is 0, 1 or 2, each R.sup.1 is alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, each X is alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R is a difunctional organic group.

Urethane polymers have in the past been modified to modulate their finctionality by endcapping some or all of the isocyanate groups with a variety of organosilanes to yield silane end-capped urethane polymers containing minimal or no isocyanate groups. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,632,557 to Brode and Conte, the complete end-capping of polyurethanes with primary and secondary aliphatic aminosilanes was disclosed, yielding silane-terminated polymers that were curable at room temperature. In U.S. Pat. No. 3,979,344, Bryant and Weis disclosed that a small amount of 3-(N-2-aminoethyl)-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane blended with vulcanizable silane-terminated polyurethanes yielded room-temperature-curable silane-terminated sealant compositions having improved cure speeds, useful in metal and glass primer compositions. Bryant et al., in U.S. Pat. No. 4,222,925, disclosed the same composition as that set out in U.S. Pat. No. 3,979,344, with the addition of a high strength reinforcing carbon black filler, and optionally, a moisture curing catalyst such as dibutytin diacetate.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,374,237 to Berger, et al., curable isocyanate-terminated polyurethanes having at least some of the terminal isocyanate groups reacted with a secondary amine containing silane monomer having two trialkoxy silane groups were described. The compounds were disclosed as being useful in sealant compositions having enhanced wet adhesion.
Other silane end-capped urethane polymers and sealants were disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,627,722 to Seiter, which described polyurethane sealants such as alkylaminoalkyltrialkoxysilanes, mercaptoalkyltrialkoxysilanes, and arylaminoalkyltrialkoxysilanes containing a significant percentage, but preferably less than all, of terminal isocyanate groups endblocked with--Si(OR)3, where R was a lower alkyl group; in U.S. Pat. No. 4,067,844 to Barron and Turk, which disclosed curable poylurethanes in which a portion of the NCO terminations are reacted with certain amino silanes (or with the residue on reaction of a mercaptosilane with monoepoxide, or with the residue on reaction of an epoxysilane with a secondary amine); in U.S. Pat. No. 4,345,053 to Rizk, et al., which disclosed a moisture-curable silane-terminated polymer prepared by reacting a polyurethane having terminal active hydrogen atoms with an isocyanato organosilane having a terminal isocyanate group and at least one hydrolyzable alkoxy group bonded to silicon; and in U.S. Pat. No. 4.625,012 to Rizk and Hsieh, which disclosed a moisture-curable polyurethane having terminal isocyanate groups and silane groups having at least one hydrolyzable alkoxy group bonded to silicon, in which the silane groups may be pendant to the chain.
Silane-endcapped urethane sealants frequently exhibit insufficient flexibility to be useful in applications requiring considerable extension and compression. To overcome these problems, U.S. Pat. No. 4,645,816 to Pohl and Osterholtz described a novel class of room-temperature, moisture-curable, silane-terminated polyurethanes bearing terminal isocyanate groups reacted with a silane monomer having one dialkoxy silane group and an organo-functional group with at least one active hydrogen. The polymers were crosslinked to produce elastomeric networks with improved flexibility.
Another approach to reducing the crosslinking density of the cured elastomers, is to use secondary aminosilanes with bulky substituents on the nitrogen as silane endcappers, preferably reacting all free isocyanate endgroups with these secondary amino silanes. Feng reported in European Patent Application No. 676,403 that the use of arylaminosilanes, particularly having one dialkoxy silane group provided the added benefit of further improved flexibility. Zwiener, et al. disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,364,955 similar benefits using certain N-alkoxysilylalkyl-aspartic acid esters.
The use of difunctional silanes and/or sterically hindered silanes, typically employing amine reactivity for the endcapping of the urethane prepolymers, suffers from several drawbacks. The secondary amine containing silanes are slow to react with the urethane prepolymer while polymer endcapped with dialkoxyfunctional silanes are typically very slow to cure. Particularly the formation of urea which is experienced when using amino silanes leads to a meaningful increase in viscosity of the prepolymer, potentially resulting in processing problems and application restrictions.
Employing trialkoxy silane groups as endcappers for silylated precursors intended to have considerable flexibility has heretofore required forming extended polymer chains with a significantly high average molecular weight to balance out the crosslinking density inherent in the use of the trifunctional endcapper. This however has led to increased viscosity of the eventual product, to unacceptably high levels particularly using amino silane endcappers building urea bonds. The synthesis routes to build up chain length via the polyurethane polyaddition reaction using conventional polyether polyols have exhibited the problem of low to negligible residual functionality of the urethane prepolymer before silane endcapping. Hence, synthesis of these types of systems may be not feasible, and/or these systems may offer unacceptable cure profiles and mechanical properties.
Thus, there remains a need for silylated polyurethane precursors that offer simultaneously favorable viscosities, faster cure, and significantly improved mechanical properties, flexibility, and no residual tack after final cure.

Process for producing prepolymers which cure to improved sealants, and products formed thereby


A ventilation exhaust intake device is located at ceiling level of a production space and has a low profile form with combination of vertical and horizontal jets. Recesses and other feature are provided to enhance capture and containment and other functional aspects. Certain embodiments include a light source adjacent the jet registers.

Exhaust devices, such as exhaust hoods and ventilated ceilings, are used to remove pollutants from occupied spaces with sources of pollutants. Examples include factories, kitchens, workshops, and food courts which contain industrial processes, kitchens appliances, tools, and portable cooking appliances, respectively. Preferably, exhaust hoods remove pollutants by drawing them from a collection area near the source and may also provide a containment function, usually by ensuring that the velocity of exhaust is sufficient near the source to overcome any local buoyancy or draft effects to ensure that all pollutants are prevented from escaping to the general occupied space. By managing transients in this way, an effective capture zone is provided.
In exhaust systems, an exhaust blower creates a negative pressure zone to draw pollutants and air directly away from the pollutant source. In kitchen applications, the exhaust generally draws pollutants, including room-air, through a filter and out of the kitchen through a duct system. A variable speed fan may be used to adjust the exhaust flow rate to match the extant requirements for capture and containment. That is, depending on the rate by which the effluent is created and the buildup of effluent near the pollutant source, the speed of exhaust blower may be manually set to minimize the flow rate at the lowest point which achieves capture and containment.
The exhaust rate required to achieve full capture and containment is governed by the highest transient load pulses that occur. This requires the exhaust rate to be higher than the average volume of effluent (which is inevitably mixed with entrained air). Such transients can be caused by gusts in the surrounding space and/or turbulence caused by plug flow (the warm plume of effluent rising due to buoyancy). Thus, for full capture and containment, the effluent must be removed through the exhaust blower operating at a high enough speed to capture all transients, including the rare pulses in exhaust load. Providing a high exhaust rate—a brute force approach—is associated with energy loss since conditioned air must be drawn out of the space in which the exhaust hood is located. Further, high volume operation increases the cost of operating the exhaust blower and raises the noise level of the ventilation system.
Also known are "make up" air systems, some of which have been proposed to be combined with exhaust hoods in a manner in which make-up air is propelled toward the exhaust intake of a hood. This "short circuit" system involves an output blower that supplies and directs one, or a combination of, conditioned and unconditioned air toward the exhaust hood and blower assembly. Such "short circuit" systems have not proven to reduce the volume of conditioned air needed to achieve full capture and containment under a given load condition.
Another solution in the prior art is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,475,534 titled "Ventilating System for Kitchen." In this patent, the inventor describes an air outlet in the front end of the hood that discharges a relatively low velocity stream of air downwardly. According to the description, the relatively low velocity air stream forms a curtain of air to prevent conditioned air from being drawn into the hood. In the invention, the air outlet in the front end of the hood assists with separating a portion of the conditioned air away from the hood. Other sources of air directed towards the hood create a venturi effect, as described in the short circuit systems above. As diagramed in the figures of the patent, the exhaust blower must "suck up" air from numerous air sources, as well as the effluent-laden air. Also the use of a relatively low velocity air stream necessitates a larger volume of air flow from the air outlet to overcome the viscous effects that the surrounding air will have on the flow.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,346,692 titled "Make-Up Air Device for Range Hood," the inventor describes a typical short circuit system that relies on a venturi effect to remove a substantial portion of the effluent. The patent also illustrates the use of diverter vanes or louvers to direct the air source in a downwardly direction. Besides the problems associated with such short circuit systems described above, the invention also utilizes vanes to direct the air flow of the output blower. The use of vanes with relatively large openings, through which the air is propelled, requires a relatively large air volume flow to create a substantial air velocity output. This large, air volume flow must be sucked up by the exhaust blower, which increases the rate by which conditioned air leaves the room. The large, air volume flow also creates large scale turbulence, which can increase the rate by which the effluent disperses to other parts of the room.
Currently, in workplaces where fumes, dust, or chemical vapors present a hazard, local exhaust ventilation devices are used to prevent workers from inhaling contaminated air. Generally, an exterior exhaust hood, for example, a receiving hood, is disposed above the emission source to remove airborne contaminants. However, theoretical capture efficiency of such a receiving hood holds only in still air, the capture efficiency decreases due to crosswind in the surrounding environment, no matter how weak the crosswind is. To control the adverse effect of crosswind, a fume hood having a back panel, two side panels, and a hood sash in the front has been designed to replace a receiving hood. However, the side panels and hood sash of a fume hood limit the size of operation space for operators' upper limbs. Therefore, how to eliminate the adverse effect of crosswind, and meanwhile retain the freedom of operators' upper limbs, becomes a key topic to a receiving hood.
In order to accomplish the key topic, U.S. Pat. No. 4,788,905, published on Dec. 6, 1988, disclosed a combination cooking, heating and ventilating system. The system contains an open fire grill surrounded by an unperforated griddle, both of which are surrounded by an eating counter. A fan is positioned below the cooking grill and griddle which forces the air upward between the eating counter and the griddle in the shape of an air curtain for removing hot smoking air from the cooking area. However, due to the limited size, the fan is not applicable in a large-scale worktable. Further, generally speaking, there is not necessarily enough space to accommodate the fan device below the worktable.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,042,456, published on Aug. 27, 1991, disclosed an air canopy ventilation system. The system comprises a surface having two substantially parallel spaced apart side panels surmounted at their respective upper edges by a canopy. A vent means having a plurality of outlets extends between the side panels and substantially the whole length of the front edge of the surface. A fan means connected to the vent means is adapted to drive a flow of air through the vent means upwardly to form a curtain of air over the front of the system, thereby entraining within the area fumes and odors. The upwardly flowing air, fumes and odors are removed by an exhaust means. Though the system can solve the problem of the lateral diffusion of the smoke and the influence of the crosswind, the air flow perpendicular to the side panel affects the efficiencies of the upward air curtain and canopy. Meanwhile, the structure of the system having the side panel and back panel limits the size of the operation space in which the operator can operate.
Further, U.S. Pat. No. 6,450,879, published on Sep. 17, 2002, disclosed an air curtain generator includes a casing with a fan received therein so as to blow an air curtain from opening of the casing, and the air curtain separates the workers and the source where generates contaminated air. However, the air curtain only isolates the smoke from laterally diffusing towards the operator, but does not isolate the smoke from diffusing towards the side without the air curtain generator. Additionally, the inventor of the present invention disclosed an air curtain generator in U.S. Pat. No. 6,752,144 published on Jun. 22, 2004, and the present invention is a continued invention along the lines of this patent.
In U.S. Pat. No. 685,121, an exhaust hood has a vertical curtain jet which helps to prevent the escape of pollutants in the vicinity of the source. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,811,724 and 5,220,910 describe a canopy type exhaust hood with a horizontal jet to enhance capture. In one the latter, general ventilation air is provided on a side face of the canopy hood. U.S. Pat. No. 5,063,834 describes a system in which a ceiling-level ventilation zone is created to remove unducted fumes from exhaust hoods. U.S. Pat. No. 4,903,894 describes displacement ventilation techniques in which ventilation air is brought into a conditioned space at low velocity and without mixing to capture impurities and convey them toward a removal zone near the ceiling. U.S. Pat. No. 5,312,296 describes an exhaust hood that is located near the ceiling with an exhaust intake jutting from the ceiling level. Ventilation air enters the occupied space via a horizontal jet that runs along the ceiling level and a displacement ventilation registers that distributes air at low (non-mixing) velocities.

Exhaust apparatus, system, and method for enhanced capture and containment


A deflection system for a cathode-ray tube including a horizontal deflection core, a magnetic coil, and a vertical deflection coil toroidally wound on the magnetic core. The vertical deflection coil has a plurality of superimposed winding layers arranged with respect to a vertical axis of the deflection system with at least one of the layers of the vertical deflection coil being disposed asymmetrically with respect to the vertical axis or disposed symmetrically with respect to the vertical axis and having winding portions delimiting at least one gap along an extent thereof at a position other than the vertical axis. In this manner, an induced voltage in the at least one of the layers is substantially equal to an induced voltage in each of another of the layers at least in the region of the vertical axis, whereby ringing is substantially prevented.

The present invention relates to a deflection system for a cathode-ray tube, particularly to a deflection system for enabling a decrease of ringing.
According to conventional devices of this type, as described in Japanese Patent Laid Open No. 34549/83, first and second resistors are respectively connected between a central connection point of a deflecting coil wound in a toroidal fashion around a core between winding start and end points of the coil, and the resonance of a resonance circuit formed by a deflection system and a floating capacity induced between lines of winding layers of the toroidally wound deflecting coil is damped to reduce ringing which causes light and dark stripes in a reproduced image reproduced on a cathode-ray tube simultaneously with the above resonance.
Referring to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a conventional winding method for a conventional vertical deflecting coil, in which the ordinate represents the number of each winding layer, while the abscissa represents the angle .theta. of each winding. In the figure, 1 represents a first layer, a second layer, 2 . . . and 5 a fifth layer. A vertical axis 6 extends through the center of the vertical deflecting coil. According to the winding method shown in FIG. 1, the winding for layer 1 starts from a winding start point 10 at a -70.degree. point and ends at +70.degree. point with return being made to the -70.degree. point using a return line 12 (indicated by a dotted line). The second-layer 2 winding starts from the -70.degree. point and ends at the +70.degree. point with a return being made to a -50.degree. point. Then a third-layer 3 winding starts from the -50.degree. point and ends at the +50.degree. point, with return being made to the -50.degree. point. The fourth-layer 4 winding also starts from the -50.degree. point and ends at the +50.degree. point with return being made to a -30.degree. point; and a fifth-layer 5 winding starts from the 30.degree. point and ends at a winding end point 14 at a +30.degree. point. Thus, in the winding method shown in FIG. 1, all the winding layers are approximately symmetric with respect to the vertical axis 6.
FIG. 2 illustrates the distribution of induced voltages from a horizontal deflecting coil relative to the vertical deflecting coil wound according to the winding method shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 2, a normalized induced voltage distribution curve of the first and second layers 1 and 2 exhibits an increase from 0.degree. at the -70.degree. point with respect to the vertical axis 6 and reaches a maximum at the 0.degree. point, and after passing the 0.degree. point, exhibits a decrease until becoming 0.degree. at +70.degree. point. The reason why a change is made from increase to decrease at the 0.degree. point is because the voltage induced in the coil of a small number of windings is inverted in polarity between positive and negative sides of angle .theta. with respect to 0.degree. as a boundary. An induced voltage distribution of the third and fourth layers 3 and 4 increases from 0.degree. at the -50.degree. point and reaches a maximum at the 0.degree. point, then after passing the 0.degree. point, it decreases until it becomes 0.degree. at the +50.degree. point. The induced voltage distribution of the fifth layer 5 increases from 0.degree. at the -30.degree. point and reaches a maximum at the 0.degree. point, then after passing the 0.degree. point, it decreases until it becomes 0.degree. at the +30.degree. point.
In FIG. 2, the induced voltage at the winding start point of the coil is assumed to be 0.degree. and differences are developed in the following relation among the induced voltage of the first and second layers, induced voltage of the third and fourth layers, and induced voltage of the fifth layer: (1st and 2nd layer induced voltage)>(3rd and 4th layer induced voltage)>(5th layer induced voltage). This relation is valid on the condition that the winding pitch (rad/turn) is constant and that all the winding layers are approximately symmetric with respect to the vertical axis 6.
In the winding method shown in FIG. 1, as mentioned above, there is developed a voltage difference of [(1st and 2nd layer induced voltage)-(3rd and 4th layer induced voltage)], i.e., an inter-layer voltage difference 8.
On the other hand, FIG. 3 is an electrical equivalent circuit diagram of a deflection system related to a ringing phenomenon which ringing is generated in the deflection system. In FIG. 3, there is shown a deflection system 1 including a horizontal deflection coil 2 supplied with power from a horizontal deflection circuit 2' and a vertical deflection coil 3 magnetically coupled with the horizontal deflection coil. Only half of the upper and lower portions of the vertical deflection coil is illustrated in FIG. 3, and a connection circuit to a vertical deflection circuit is omitted because it has nothing to do with the occurrence of ringing. The vertical deflection coil 3 is divided into a negative-side coil 3a and a positive-side coil 3b, with angle .theta., on both sides of the vertical axis 6. The coils 3a and 3b are magnetically coupled to the horizontal deflection coil 2 (supplied with electric power from the horizontal deflection circuit 2') so as to be opposite in polarity to each other. Since the winding layers of the vertical deflecting coil 3 are stacked successively, an inter-layer floating capacity 9 is present between adjacent winding layers. Between the winding layers which are different in winding start angle from each other, there occurs the inter-layer potential difference 8 corresponding to only an induced voltage which varies in such angular range. Consequently, a voltage corresponding to the inter-layer potential difference 8 is developed relative to the inter-layer floating capacity 9 developed between adjacent winding layers of the vertical deflecting coil 3, thus causing resonance, and hence the occurrence of ringing. As to the ringing phenomenon generated in the deflection system, ringing caused by the inter-layer floating capacity 9 of the vertical deflection coil is more predominant than ringing caused by an inter-line floating capacity of the winding layers. Heretofore, no consideration has been given to decreasing the ringing caused by the inter-layer floating capacity 9. Additionally, a satisfactory ringing diminishing effect is not obtained in the case of a high horizontal deflection frequency. In the prior art, moreover, since a damping resistor is used, the working efficiency is poor and the manufacturing cost increases.