The present disclosure discloses a method and computer device for monitoring a wireless network. The method is implemented as follows. The computer device obtains configuration file information for accessing the wireless network after the computer device accesses the wireless network, wherein the configuration file information comprises an IP address and a subnet mask of the computer device. The computer device calculates an IP address range of the wireless network according to the IP address and the subnet mask of the computer device. The computer device searches for a device that accesses the wireless network and of which IP address is within the IP address range.

With the rapid development of Internet technologies, the number of Internet users is increased greatly. Since mobile devices with a wireless fidelity (WIFI) function, such as mobile phones and laptops, are popular and easy to carry, more and more users would like to access the Internet through a wireless mode. The users may access the Internet through wireless routers at home, in school dorm as well as various consumption concourses, which satisfies the demands of users on mobile entertainment and mobile office, but brings new problems.
Signals of wireless router are visual in a certain space for all devices accessing the Internet through the wireless mode. Accordingly, a device cannot be connected to the wireless router unless the device passes a key certification. At present, multiple encryption algorithms may be selected for a certification process. However, some encryption algorithms are not secure enough. For those unsecure encryption algorithms, a device called wifi password breaker is provided. Such device has a signal emission source with large power, and thus may find surrounding wireless networks. If an encryption algorithm used by a wireless network is not secure enough, the device may decrypt the wireless network easily. Once the wireless network is decrypted, some users loving small gain may access the Internet without paying Internet access fee. In this case, those users paying Internet access fee may suffer losses. However, those users paying Internet access fee may be unknown of the losses because they are ignorant of wireless network knowledge.
At present, most home wireless routers may provide a Media Access Control (MAC) address bundling/filtering function. A user may open a router management interface, start the MAC address filtering function, and inputs a MAC address of a legal device. In this way, the wireless router may allow the legal device to access the Internet, and reject access requests of other devices, thereby preventing other devices from accessing the Internet without paying Internet access fee. Herein, a device allowed to access the Internet is called the legal device.
However, if a user wants to use the MAC address filtering function, the user is required to have computer system knowledge. The user is required to obtain a MAC address of each legal device, and configure the MAC address on an advanced management page of the wireless router. These operations are complex for most common users, and thus are difficult to be implemented.
Some home advanced wireless routers may provide a Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) function. Through the WPS function, a Service Set Identifier (SSID) and a Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) security key may be configured automatically. Without needing to comprehend the SSID and the security key, a common user may access the Internet securely through inputting a simple Personal Identification Number (PIN) or pressing a button. Moreover, because the security key is generated randomly, it is impossible to decrypt the security key. Further, the user does not need to remember a redundant key, thereby avoiding the bother of key loss.
If a WPS certification mode is used, the configuration and encryption of wireless network may be simplified. However, if the WPS certification mode is used, a wireless access point and a client device must pass the WPS certification. Herein, the wireless access point may be a wireless router, and the client device may be a wireless network card. If any one of the wireless access point and the client device does not pass the WPS certification, the WPS function cannot be implemented. Moreover, because devices provided by different manufacturers may be different, the wireless access point and the client device provided by different manufacturers respectively may be incompatible. At present, most wireless network cards do not follow a WPS standard. Moreover, because of high costs, most users do not select WPS wireless routers. Accordingly, the application scope of WPS wireless routers is limited, and thus it is difficult to prevent other users from accessing the Internet without paying Internet access fee.

Method and computer device for monitoring wireless network

Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Company Limited


A motor vehicle according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a frame including a rail and an electrical distribution system routed at least partially through the rail. A method is also disclosed.

The need to reduce automotive fuel consumption and emissions is well known. Therefore, vehicles are being developed that reduce reliance on internal combustion engines. Electrified vehicles are one type of vehicle being developed for this purpose. In general, electrified vehicles differ from conventional motor vehicles in that electrified vehicles are selectively driven using one or more electric machines powered by a traction battery. The electric machines can drive the electrified vehicles instead of, or in addition to, an internal combustion engine. Example electrified vehicles include hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), and battery electric vehicles (BEVs).
The traction battery is a relatively high-voltage battery that selectively powers the electric machines and other electrical loads of the electrified vehicle. Electrified vehicles are known to include electrical distribution systems, which include a number of electrical cables and connectors, coupling the electric machine and other loads to the traction battery.

Vehicle with electrical distribution system routed through frame


Embodiments of the present invention provide an adaptive data path for computer-vision applications. Utilizing techniques provided herein, the data path can adapt to the needs of a computer-vision application to provide the needed data. The data path can be adapted by applying one or more filters to image data from one or more sensors. Some embodiments may utilize a computer-vision processing unit comprising a specialized instruction-based, in-line processor capable of interpreting commands from a computer-vision application.

Mobile phones, cameras, and other electronic devices often utilize an imaging core to capture and process imaging data for imaging applications such as video or still image capture. The imaging core includes a collection of hardware and/or software components providing a data path through which data can flow from an image sensor (e.g., camera) to an application processing unit, such as a general purpose processor, and/or a display. In many electronic devices, the imaging core is also utilized for computer-vision applications (also known as "machine-vision applications").

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Adaptive data path for computer-vision applications


The present invention is directed to a load/unload ramp assembly which is interconnectable with a base plate of a dynamic load/unload-type disk drive. The load/unload ramp assembly generally includes a load/unload ramp and at least one base plate attachment cantilever. A fastener shaft is directed past each of the base plate attachment cantilevers and into a fastener receptacle on the base plate. A fastener head simultaneously exerts a force on each of the base plate attachment cantilevers that are engaged by the head to deflect such base plate attachment cantilevers toward the base plate, to in turn dispose the load/unload ramp assembly in forcible engagement with the base plate.

Conventional dynamic load/unload-type disk drives typically include a base plate and a cover that is detachably connected to the base plate to define a housing for various disk drive components. One or more data storage disks are generally mounted on a spindle which is interconnected with the base plate and/or cover so as to allow the data storage disk(s) to rotate relative to both the base plate and cover via a spindle motor. An actuator arm assembly (e.g., a single rigid actuator arm, a plurality of rigid actuator arms, an E-block with a plurality of rigid actuator arm tips), is interconnected with the base plate and/or cover so as to allow the actuator arm assembly to move relative to both the base plate and cover in a controlled manner. This motion is either typically a pivoting or a linear motion.
A suspension or load beam may be provided for each data storage surface of each data storage disk. Typically each disk has two of such surfaces. All suspensions are appropriately attached to and extend away from the actuator arm assembly in the general direction of the data storage disk(s) during normal operations. A transducer, such as a read/write head, is carried by a slider that is disposed on the free end of each suspension. Signals are exchanged between the head and the corresponding data storage disk to read and/or write information. The position of the actuator arm assembly, and thereby each transducer, is controlled by a voice coil motor or the like which moves the actuator arm assembly to dispose the head(s) at the desired radial position relative to the corresponding data storage disk.
The head(s) of the disk drive is parked off its corresponding data storage disk by using a load/unload ramp. The load/unload ramp is typically disposed at least toward (and possibly beyond) the perimeter of the corresponding data storage disk. Load/unload ramps may be made from plastic to reduce material costs, and are nonetheless attached to the base plate. It is desirable to have the load/unload ramp demonstrate good wear characteristics as the suspension/slider moves along the ramp. Moreover, it is desirable for the load/unload ramp to tolerate the increased temperatures that exist within the disk drive housing during disk drive operations. Certain plastics may have a tendency to creep at these temperatures, particularly over those areas of the load/unload ramp that are stressed by the attachment of the load/unload ramp to the base plate. "Creeping" refers to a progressive deformation over a period of time due to a material being under a constant load or stress. This time dependent deformation has proven to be a limiting factor in the operational integrity of at least certain designs of load/unload ramps that are formed from plastic.
Creeping of a plastic load/unload ramp may have a number of undesired effects. For example, if the plastic load/unload ramp is attached to the base plate using a screw, over time, creeping of the ramp plastic may loosen the screw and result in the screw failing to adequately secure the load/unload ramp to the base plate. This problem has been addressed in a number of ways. A common practice to combat creeping has included insert-molding a metal plate into the plastic load/unload ramp to increase the integrity of the attachment of the ramp to the base plate. However, this addition of a metal plate to the load/unload ramp can more than double the cost of producing such ramps. Another attempt at solving the problem of creeping reflects using a screw in combination with locking devices to attach the plastic load/unload ramp to the base plate. However, locking devices such as thread locks not only add cost, but also add the risk of outgassing (i.e., the vaporization of materials from one or more surfaces of the thread locks after they are placed in low pressure environments during disk drive operations). Further, locking devices such as lock-washers add cost, create particulates, and may require a more expensive grade of ramp plastic for compatible use. While suitable plastics with improved creep characteristics are known, they are significantly more expensive than even the attempted improved attachment methods. Therefore, it would be desirable to have a load/unload ramp of a configuration that reduces manufacturing costs, provides a use-life that is greater than that of conventional ramps, and/or that reduces the effect of creep in relation to the attachment of the load/unload ramp to the base plate.

Method of interconnecting a load/unload ramp assembly with a base plate of a disk drive


For monitoring a data processing system, a sequence of critical conditions with increasing severity indexes is defined. Each critical condition is detected when a corresponding state parameter exceeds a threshold value with a predefined persistence over time. The persistence may be specified by a minimum number of repeated occurrences of this event, with a maximum number of consecutive non-occurrences that are allowed between them. Whenever critical conditions are detected, the monitoring application retrieves the severity index of the last detected critical condition with the highest severity index, and calculates an incremental index indicative of how closely the state parameter is approaching the next critical condition. An indicator of the health of the system may be generated by subtracting the severity index of the last critical condition plus the incremental index from an optimal value.

Applications for monitoring data processing systems play a key role, especially in managing large systems with distributed architectures. Such monitoring applications may be used to detect any critical conditions that occur in the systems. Information gathered by a monitoring application can then be used for enforcing appropriate corrective actions in an attempt to remedy unfavorable situations, or for off-line analysis.
The process of monitoring a system is typically based on the periodic measurement of predefined state parameters such as processing power usage. The monitoring application detects a critical condition when the state parameter reaches a predefined threshold value.
Some monitoring applications known in the art allow defining different levels of critical conditions with corresponding threshold values. For example, if processing power usage is higher than 60% a warning critical condition may be detected, and if processing power usage exceeds 80% a dangerous critical condition is entered. One drawback of this approach is that the monitoring application may report a huge number of critical conditions, since critical conditions are detected as soon as state parameters reach the corresponding threshold values. Therefore, a system administrator may be swamped with notifications caused by transient problems such as spikes in processing power usage.
Different monitoring applications may consider the persistence of critical conditions. In this case, it is possible to define how long a condition must last before being classified as critical. For this purpose, the monitoring application may define a minimum number of times a state parameter must reach its threshold value before being consolidated into the corresponding critical condition. The occurrences of a potentially troublesome event must be consecutive, or at most have a maximum number of allowable missing occurrences or "holes" between them. However, this approach requires the definition of a single critical condition for each state parameter, without the possibility of having different levels of detail.
In any case, monitoring applications known in the art provide only static information about the health of a system. In other words, the administrator is notified simply of the occurrence of a problem, without receiving any information about the actual dynamics of the system.
Therefore, the information provided by the monitoring system can be used only to restore proper operation after a critical condition has been detected, rather than to prevent the occurrence of problems in the future.

Monitoring method, system, and computer program based on severity and persistence of problems

International Business Machines Corporation


In a mounting arrangement for supporting a radiator in a motor vehicle the radiator is pivotally supported by a first pair of pins extending from its narrow side while a second pair of pins which is spaced from the first pair of pins is engaged by flexible holding members locating the radiator in a predetermined installation position but permitting the radiator to yield when subjected to impact forces thereby to void damage to the radiator.

The invention concerns an arrangement for mounting a radiator in a motor vehicle.
A radiator mounting arrangement is known from DE-PS 39 33 410 in which a radiator is supported by pins located on opposite narrow sides of the radiator by means of elastic sleeves disposed in recesses which are formed in support members fixed to the vehicle. Securing elements are used to fix the installation position of the radiator.
It is the main object of the invention to provide a radiator mounting arrangement wherein the radiator is so supported that it can, if required, be pivoted relative to its installation position to avoid damage when it is subjected to impact forces.


The application disclose a method of preventing immune cells from binding to other cells, which includes contacting the immune cells and the other cells with a composition comprising Bst2 antagonist.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to molecules inhibiting intercellular adhesion during inflammation and the use of the same. The present invention also relates to using Bst2 protein or fragments thereof as a decoy or Bst2-binding antibody in inhibiting intercellular adhesion of cells participating in inflammation. The present invention is also concerned with a composition, comprising the same, and a method for preventing or treating inflammation-associated diseases.
2. General Background and State of the Art
Inflammation is a normal response of the body to protect tissues from infection, injury or diseases. The inflammatory response begins with the production and release of chemical agents by cells in the affected tissues. The chemical agents cause redness, swelling, pain, heat and loss of function. Cells in inflamed tissues generate signals that recruit leukocytes to the site of inflammation. Leukocytes must adhere to endothelial cells to migrate from the bloodstream into the site of inflammation. Also, leukocytes should adhere to antigen-presenting cells to allow normal specific immune responses, and should finally adhere to suitable target cells to lyse pathogen-infected cells, cancer cells, or the like. The recruited leukocytes eliminate any infective or injurious agent and remove debris of damaged cells from the injured tissue.
The infiltrating leukocytes play critical roles in tissue regeneration and immune response in normal inflammation by engulfing invading microorganisms or dead cells. However, the infiltrating leukocytes cause serious or lethal status in pathological chronic inflammation. The abnormal recognition of self cells as non-self (foreign) or excess inflammation by sustained inflammatory responses causes a variety of inflammatory diseases including diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, cataract, reperfusion injury, infectious meningitis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis.
The interaction between leukocytes and endothelial cells is as follows.
Leukocytes have dual functions to act in a form circulating in the bloodstream or adhering to specific cells. In particular, adherent leukocytes interact with endothelial cells, stabilize intercellular adhesion with antigen-presenting cells or act as effector cells to migrate into inflammatory or infected sites. For normal specific immune response, leukocytes should adhere to antigen-presenting cells and should finally adhere to suitable target cells to lyse pathogen-infected cells, cancer cells, or the like. A massive invasion of leukocytes occurs in an allograft rejection, skin infection or in an injured area, and is also observed in various diseases including degenerative joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, contact dermatitis and inflammatory bowel disease
In such diseases, greater than 95% of myeloid cells move to and accumulate at the site of inflammation. Leukocytes are crucial agents of the inflammatory response, which exert antimicrobial, secretory and phagocytic activity. They gather in tissues where inflammation is occurring or needs to occur by producing a water-soluble mediator or through specific adhesion to various cells. In fact, anti-inflammatory agents such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or glucocorticoid exert therapeutic efficacy by preventing the adhesion and influx of leukocytes. In animal models, the inhibition of intercellular adhesion improves or prevents diseases or allograft rejection in animal models of autoimmune diseases. Recent clinical studies have revealed that humanized monoclonal antibodies inhibiting LFA-1/ICAM-1 or VLA-4/VCAM-1 interaction have significant efficacy and good safety on autoimmune diseases including psoriasis, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease.
The uncontrolled invasion of leukocytes into endothelial cells, which is a key feature in the pathogenesis of inflammation-associated diseases, occurs by a multi-step process, which begins with leukocyte adhesion and binding to the surface of endothelial cells. The binding of leukocytes to endothelial cell surface is mediated by cell surface molecules present on the surface of leukocytes and endothelial cells [Bevilacqua, J. Clin. Invest. 11:767-804, 1993]. The cell surface molecules are overexpressed as a result of migration of leukocytes from the bloodstream.
The interaction between leukocytes and endothelial cells is a critical factor in many inflammatory diseases. For example, increased leukocyte-endothelial interaction leading to hepatic microperfusion disorders is proposed as a major contributor of hepatic failure [Croner et al., Microvasc. Res. 67:182-191, 2004]. For example, atherosclerosis is a typical inflammatory disease in which a number of inflammatory cells including T lymphocytes and activated macrophages are concentrated in the site of atherosclerosis. The accumulation and adhesion of monocytes in discrete segments of arterial endothelium is among the earliest detectable events in atherogenesis and is a central feature of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis [Ross, Nature 362:801-809, 1993]. In this region, proinflammatory cytokines are abundant, which include interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, regulating regional inflammatory response. A great number of adhesion molecules are expressed on the surface of monocytes [Valente et al., Circulation 86:III20-25, 1992], and endothelial cells overlying atherosclerotic lesions express a number of vascular ligands [Poston et al., Am. J. Pathol, 140:665-673, 1992].
The extravasation of leukocytes across the endothelial barrier is a critical event in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Endothelial cells participate in the basic mechanism of arthritis, by which various inflammation mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and inflammation-inducing cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta, activate endothelial cells. This leads to elevated expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules in rheumatoid arthritis, resulting in increased interaction between leukocytes and endothelial cells. The recruitment of leukocytes to vascular endothelial cells is also an important step of asthma.
In the airway of patients with asthma, there are increased numbers of activated eosinophils, CD25-positive T lymphocytes and immature macrophages with the phenotypic characteristics of blood monocytes. The expression of HLA class II increases in epithelial cells, macrophages, and other infiltrating cells [Arm et al., Adv. Immunol. 51:323-382, 1992]
An increased rate of leukocyte transmigration across the blood-brain barrier is a major symptom in multiple sclerosis. The interaction between tight junction proteins in leukocytes and those in endothelial cells contributes to the leukocyte extravasation to the central nervous system under physiological conditions, and the altered expression of tight junction proteins is a pathological prerequisite for multiple sclerosis [Worthylake et al., Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 13:569-577, 2001].
As described above, since the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells is important in a variety of diseases, the inhibition of intercellular adhesion may result in a therapeutic strategy for diverse inflammatory and immune diseases.
With respect to the molecular biology, the following molecules are known to participate in inflammation.
Cytokines: systemic inflammation, which is a general response to serious bacterial infections or traumatic injuries, may affect tissue systems distal to the early damage [Lush and Kvietys, Microcirculation 7:83-101, 2000]. Bacterial products and other inflammation-inducing mediators, released from affected tissues, induce the formation of inflammation-inducing mediators including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta, gamma-interferon and interleukin-6. In sepsis, vascular endothelial damage promotes the production of TNF-alpha and interleukin-1 beta. These cytokines directly act on endothelial cells and enhance leukocyte adhesion [Pober et al., J. Immunol. 137:1893-1896, 1986; Dustin and Springer, J. Cell Biol. 107:321-331, 1988; Cotran and Pober, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1:225-235, 1988]. These cytokines also activate blood neutrophils in blood and vascular endothelium [Arai et al., Annu. Rev. Biochem., 59:783-836, 1990]. For example, TNF-alpha induces a series of cytokines, chemokines and proteases by an autocrine or paracrine pathway [Ghezzi and Cerami, Methods Mol. Med. 98:1-8. 2004]. Interleukin-6 induces mononuclear-endothelial cell interaction and inflammatory damage through expression of adhesion molecules, thus initiating a process of atherosclerosis. Increased blood concentration of interleukin-6 involves vascular inflammation and development of atherosclerosis [Rader, N. Engl. J. Med. 343:1179-1182, 2000]. Interleukin-17 induces the expression of many mediators of inflammation, and is involved in the differentiation, maturation and chemotaxis of neutrophils [Witowski et al., Cell Mol Life Sci. 61:567-579, 2004]. Increased levels of interleukin-17 have been associated with several pathological conditions, including airway inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, intraperitoneal abscesses and adhesions, inflammatory bowel disease, allograft rejection, psoriasis, cancer and multiple sclerosis
Cell surface adhesion molecules: a plurality of inflammatory cytokines induce the expression of endothelial cell-lymphocyte adhesion molecules (ELAMs) on the cell surface [Nortamo et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 21:2629-2632, 1991]. They are divided into two classes: intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and endothelial cell-lymphocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) [Staunton et al., Cell 52:925-933, 1988]. In response to various mediators, vascular endothelium expresses specific cell surface glycoproteins. The binding and extravasation of blood leukocytes are achieved by interaction with a specific ligand or counterreceptor [Bevilacqua et al., 1993, 1994]. Molecules participating in this process include intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) as a ligand for CD18, selectins recognizing glycoconjugates on the leukocyte surface, and members of the immunoglobulin superfamily interacting with other members of the same family, and leukocyte integrin molecules [Panes et al., J. Physiol. 269:H1955-1964, 1995; Khan et al., Microcirculation 10:351-358, 2003; Nelson et al., Blood 82:3253-3258, 1993; Bevilacqua and Nelson, J. Clin. Invest. 91:379-387, 1993]. Leukocyte rolling is regulated by selecting, and transmigration and adhesion of leukocytes on endothelial cells are triggered by the beta 2 integrin, Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18, aMb2, CR3), and LFA-1. Mac-1 and LFA-1 interact with a counterreceptor expressed on the surface of endothelial cells, ICAM-1.
The prior art associated with inflammation therapy are as follows.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,367,056 describes the inhibition of the binding of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to endothelial cells by treatment of molecules or fragments thereof interrupting the binding to endothelial cell-leukocyte adhesion molecules (ELAMs) as receptors or ligands. This patent also describes antisense nucleotides and ribozymes for suppressing ELAM expression. This patent further describes a method for identifying molecules which inhibit the binding of ELAM to its ligand, and antibodies against ELAM and its ligands.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,863,540 discloses a method of suppressing T cell activation by administrating a CD44 protein peptide or a derivative thereof in an amount sufficient to suppress T cell activation. Also disclosed is a method of inhibiting CD44-mediated cell adhesion or CD44-mediated monocyte IL-1 release by administering the CD44 protein peptide or derivative thereof in an amount sufficient to inhibit CD44-mediated cell adhesion or monocyte IL-1 release. Further disclosed is a method of transporting a drug or cytotoxic agent to a site of inflammation by administering the CD44 protein peptide or derivative thereof linked to the drug or cytotoxic agent.
The U.S. Pat. No. 5,912,266 involves the inhibition of intercellular adhesion mediated by the beta 2 integrin family of cell surface molecules. Through this inhibitory action, a pharmaceutical composition according to this patent is useful for inhibiting or treating inflammatory and other pathological responses associated with cell adhesion. This patent also discloses a method of inhibiting or treating pathological conditions where leukocytes and lymphocytes cause cellular or tissue damage.
WO2003/026692 relates to the therapeutic use of an antibody against CD3 antigen complexes in patients with chronic articular inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis.
EU 1304379 relates to a humanized anti-CD18 antibody comprising a portion or the whole of an antigen-determining region capable of binding to CD18 antigen.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,689,869 describes the use of a humanized anti-CD18 antibody in inhibiting influx of leukocytes into the lung and other organs during sepsis, and other infectious or non-infectious traumas. The humanized anti-CD18 antibody can be used for inhibiting the ingress of leukocytes into the lung and other organs in patients having endotoxic shock or adult respiratory distress syndrome. The antibody can administered to treat asthma or leukocyte-mediated reperfusion damage post thrombolytic therapy. Also, the antibody can be used to reduce or eliminate inflammation in a patient being administered with an anti-infective agent, or to assist in the administration of a therapeutic drug to a patient during anticancer chemotherapy.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,821,336 describes polypeptides having a molecular weight of 160 kD, which are mediators or precursors for mediators of inflammation, derivatives thereof, such as mutants and fragments, and processes for their preparation. Nucleotide sequences coding for the polypeptides and derivatives, vectors comprising the nucleotide sequences, antibodies against the polypeptides or their derivatives and antibody derivatives are also included in the scope of this patent. Moreover described are diagnostic and therapeutic methods for inflammatory conditions and Hodgkin's lymphomas using the antibodies and antibody derivatives.


A management system manages a storage system and a server computer. The management system (A) acquires the storage level pool information that includes the information of a capacity of a storage level pool from the storage system, (B) acquires the server level pool information that includes the information of a capacity of a server level pool from the server computer, (C) determines a first risk degree that indicate a risk of a depletion of a free capacity of the storage level pool based on the storage level pool information, (D) determines a second risk degree that indicate a risk of a depletion of a free capacity of a server level pool based on the server level pool information, and (E) displays the information that is associated with the first risk degree that indicate a risk of a depletion of a free capacity of the storage level pool and the second risk degree that indicate a risk of a depletion of a free capacity of the server level pool.

In recent years, a capacity virtualization technique has been used for a storage system and a server computer for the purpose of increasing the intensity to reduce a cost. As the capacity virtualization technique, there can be mentioned a virtual hard disk that is configured to be used for a virtual computer (VM) for instance. For a virtual hard disk file, there are a virtual hard disk of a fixed type in which a file of a size that is equivalent to a disk size of a virtual hard disk is prepared in creation and a virtual hard disk of a variable type in which a file size is extended in accordance with a volume usage size on a virtual hard disk. The virtual hard disk of a variable type consumes only a capacity that is being used as a practical matter. Consequently an extra capacity is not consumed and a resource can be utilized with no waste. A similar capacity virtualization technique exists for a storage system.
In the case where such a capacity virtualization technique is used, since an actual physical capacity and a logical capacity that is allocated to a server/virtual server (virtual machine) are greatly different from each other, a management has a tendency to be complicated. Moreover, in the case where a physical capacity is depleted, there is a real possibility that a work is stopped by a disk I/O error and a virtual computer that is configured to use a virtual hard disk of a variable type on a volume in which a capacity has been depleted is stopped.
As a technique for simplifying a management of a computer system in which a capacity virtualization technique is used and a management is complicated, a technique that is disclosed in Patent Literature 1 is publicly known. The technique that is disclosed in Patent Literature 1 is a technique for executing an extension of a storage pool and a migration of a virtual server in the case where a value that is called an END-TO-END leverage ratio that is a ratio of a total capacity of one or more server level virtual volumes that are corresponded to a storage level pool to a capacity of the storage level pool exceeds a threshold value.


8PSK modulation methods and apparatuses are provided. In a first embodiment, product factors of symbol vectors and a coefficient of a shape filter are stored in a table and compressed by 8 times based on a law of a trigonometric function, wherein a method of table looking-up is used to replace a multiplication operation. In a second embodiment, all states of 8PSK modulation are stored in a table after shape filtering, and then the data of the states stored in the table are compressed based on a corresponding relationship of a law of a trigonometric function and an electrical level diversity, and then a table looking-up operation is performed. In a third embodiment, new modulated vectors are stored in a modulated phase table after simple 8PSK modulation and phase rotation, the modulated phase table is compressed by 4 times, and new modulated vectors are obtained by a table looking-up operation and data processing. Then, shape filtering is performed by utilizing a RAM coefficient filter. The 8PSK modulation methods and apparatuses are compatible with GSM systems and are capable of providing sufficient capability of data services and sufficiently extending a life cycle of prior GSM systems. It allows a service agent not only to save investment, but also to provide competitive services.

The second generation of mobile communication systems represented by GSM has been ripe, and voice services have become main streams of the second generation of mobile communication systems. With rapid growth of the Internet, the demand for data communication via radio interface over-the-air has been increased significantly. However, the standard data rate for the existing GSM is 9.6 kbps/slot. Such standard data rate is not sufficient to meet the growing demand of mobile communication.
International Telecommunications Union (ITU) has been working out a standard for the third generation of mobile communication systems, which is capable of providing high speed data transmission. Since the second generation of GSM has established a large amount of fundamental networks and customers, the tendency of the development would be that both generations of mobile communication systems co-exist for a relatively long period of time. Also, to transit from the second generation to the third generation of mobile communication systems, European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) has employed developing steps according to stages based on reserving a time slot structure and a frequency band of GMS over-the-air interface. At the first stage, two operating modes, a High-Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD) operating mode and a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) operating mode, have been recommended to increase data communication capacity. At the second stage, Enhanced Data Rates for Global/GSM Evolution (hereinafter referred to as "EDGE") has been recommended to cause a transmission rate to be three times faster by using high efficiency modulation technology, such as eight-phase shift keying (8PSK) modulation.
EDGE has been developed based on GSM. The original frequency spectrum and 200K frequency division are still being used and are compatible with the GSM. By changing a modulation method, data services up to 384 kbps can be realized. EDGE is also supported by North American IS-136 TDMA. In packet regions, EDGE and the over-the-air interface of IS-136 are completely compatible, whereby EDGE has become a global unified TDMA standard.
Digital modulation technology is one of the key technologies of over-the-air interfaces of digital mobile communication systems. Different types of digital mobile communication systems use different digital modulation technologies. Modulation methods of the existing digital mobile communication systems can be divided roughly into two types. One type is constant envelope continuous phase modulation, in which time quantization frequency modulation (TFM) and Gaussian minimum frequency shift keying (GMSK) modulation are typical. The other type is linear modulation, such as four-phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation and eight-phase shift keying (8PSK) modulation. EDGE for a transition stage developing towards the third generation of mobile communication systems uses two types of modulation modes: eight-phase shift keying (8PSK) modulation and Gaussian minimum frequency shift keying (GMSK) modulation. The parameters of the newly added eight-phase shift keying modulation in a mobile communication system have been specified in details in a protocol of the EDGE.
The eight-phase shift modulation method specified in the above protocol is not a conventional simple eight-phase shift modulation method which is only a phase modulation and cannot be used for modulation in EDGE. If the conventional simple eight-phase shift modulation method is used in EDGE, the fluctuation of the frequency spectrum will occur. In addition, because a signal may pass through an original point value, the dynamic range of a signal amplitude and the distortion of an output signal are increased, and the requirements for system devices and subsequent amplifiers become very high.
With the rapid development of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI), it is possible to manufacture digital devices with lower cost, more functions and better performances.
A digital modulator is an essential part of a radio transmitter of a digital communication system. EDGE is a new digital communication system, wherein an eight-phase shift keying (8PSK) modulation can be used such that its digital modulator would save resources and provide easier implementation and higher signal quality. Also, the corresponding application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) can be implemented in a higher integrity wherein the consumption current is less, and the modulated signals are more precise.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide an improved method and apparatus of 8PSK modulation.


A wound closure device having a filamentary element having a proximal end and a distal end, and a stop element coupled thereto and having a leading edge area defined by thickness and a width and having a total surface area. The leading edge area is substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the filamentary element. The device may have a ratio of the leading edge area to the total surface area that is less than 10%, a ratio of the length to the maximum thickness of the stop element that is at least 4, or a ratio of the length to the width of the stop element is at least 1 for any given thickness.

Many wound and surgical incisions are closed using surgical sutures or some other surgical closure device. Barbed sutures are well known and have recently been gaining attention for various medical applications. Typically, barbed sutures are constructed with a series of "barbs" or "protrusions" (used interchangeably herein) that extend outwardly from the suture, and function to increase the holding strength of the suture and/or eliminate the need for knot tying. The size and shape of the barbs have practical limitations in a surgical setting, and cannot simply be increased wherever increased holding strength is desired.
Some sutures and barbed sutures have been known to include anchors, tabs or the like on the distal end of the suture to provide a "stop" at the end that increases the holding strength of the suture and eliminates the need to tie knots to secure the suture. Conventional thinking dictates that the larger the surface area of the stop in a direction perpendicular to the direction of insertion of the suture, the more holding strength that will be achieved. Again, there are practical limitations on size however, as large masses may be intolerable in surgical procedures and/or palpable and therefore undesirable. Further, with T-shaped stops, the perpendicular portion is structurally weak when a bending moment is applied as it would be when pulling on the suture to approximate a wound.
Therefore, there remains a need to enhance the holding strength of a surgical suture without significantly increasing the insertion force, stiffness of the suture, or palpability of the device.

Barbed suture having increased holding strength


The present invention provides a method and system for constructing one or more a comprehensive summaries of event sequence(s). The present invention approaches the problem of finding the shortest yet most comprehensive summary of an event sequence by transforming this summarization problem into a concrete optimization problem and provides a computer-implementing technique for solving this optimization problem to construct and/or form the basis for constructing the summaries. The summaries describe an entire event sequence while at the same time reveal local associations between events of that sequence. In certain embodiments, the segmentation of the event sequence produced in accordance with the present invention is itself a summary of the event sequence. In other embodiments, the segmentation produced forms a basis for one or more summaries.

Log data records systems' or users' activities through time. Large volumes of log data are often managed by database systems. In log data, every tuple (i.e., an ordered set of data) corresponds to a logged event and every event is associated with a timestamp that specifies the event's time of occurrence. We use the term "event sequences" to characterize this data. The set of unique tuples formed by ignoring the occurrence times of the logged events defines a set of different "event types".
Summarization and analysis of event sequences can provide useful insights in forensic investigation. However, when attempting to review activity for forensic investigation, the volume of information in the event sequences can be overwhelming. Standard SQL methodology is generally inadequate for such complex, large-scale data-analysis tasks. Other work on event sequence mining, including off-the-shelf event sequence data-mining software, has focused on discovering local patterns based on known constraints. The constraints are typically provided by a data analyst as parameters to those mining methods. Those methods find recurring local structures based on the predefined constraints (e.g., episodes of more than three consecutive failed attempts to access a computer system), but fail to provide a global model of the data and fail to give a comprehensive summary of an entire event sequence. Furthermore, those data mining methods tend to discover a prohibitively large number of local patterns since they provide all possible local patterns that satisfy a predefined constraint. This can overwhelm data analysts with too many local patterns to be useful for spotting general activity trends and/or for pinpointing specific suspicious actions. This causes the data analyst to have to adjust parameters iteratively in an attempt to determine general activity trends and/or suspicious actions.

Constructing a comprehensive summary of an event sequence


A method for manufacturing copper wires on a substrate for a flat panel display device is disclosed. The method comprises following steps: providing a substrate; forming a seed layer on the surface; forming a patterned photoresist on the surface of the seed layer to expose a part of the seed layer; and plating a copper layer on the exposed part of the seed layer. As the copper layer is plated, an electrolyte solution comprises a sulfur-containing compound is used. The angle between the surface of the copper layer and the contact surface of the seed layer is greater than 0 degree and less than 90 degree. Through the method illustrated above, the film step-coverage in the following process can be improved, the generated voids in device can be reduced, the manufacturing steps can be simplified, and the complicated etching process can be avoided.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing copper wires on a substrate of a flat panel display device and, more particularly, to a method for manufacturing electrodes or conductive lines made of copper of a thin film transistor on a substrate of a flat substrate display device.
2. Description of Related Art
To improve the signal transmission speed of a driving signal for a thin film transistor and to meet the requirements of large panel size and high picture quality for a flat panel display device, copper of the low resistance is used as metal conductive lines or gate electrodes on a flat panel display device to solve the problem of delayed driving signals.
However, many problems such as oxidation, moisture corrosion, poor adhesion, and diffusion between layers need to be solved for the application of the copper wires on the substrate of the flat panel display devices. So far, these problems are improved by the multilayered copper wires. Unfortunately, the multilayered copper wires also increase the difficulty of the following etching process.
On the other hand, it is known that the key point of improving the yield of the active matrix thin film transistor is to control the taper angle of thin films on the substrate. In the conventional method for manufacturing these substrates, the taper angle defined by etching process usually exceeds the tolerant range. Therefore, the taper angle is controlled by adjusting the conditions of the etching process. For example, the taper angle is controlled through applying special etching solution in wet etching, or applying special gas in dry etching under some specific process conditions.
For the etching of the multilayered metal (e.g. Ti—Cu—Ti), the etched width of each metal layer is different since the etching rate for each metal layer is different. This also results in the formation of voids between layers, or poor step-coverage in the following process. Furthermore, the difficulty in controlling of the etching process conditions could bring about short between copper wires, damage to the active channel, or even the disablement for the devices.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,887,776 discloses a method for manufacturing the thin film transistor. The method is achieved by depositing a metal layer of a thin film transistor by electroplating. The flowchart of the method for depositing a metal layer of a thin film transistor is shown in FIG. 1. The method is achieved by depositing a seed layer 210 on a substrate 200 first. The method is subsequently processed by forming a patterned photoresist 220 on the surface of the seed layer 210 to expose partial surface of the seed layer (shown in FIG. 1(a)), and electroplating a metal layer 230 on the exposed surface of the seed layer (shown in FIG. 1(b)). Finally, the photoresist is removed to produce a metal layer structure 230 shown in FIG. 1(c). However, this method cannot naturally form a metal layer with a taper angle, and so the problems caused by etching process (e.g. the short between conductive metal lines, or the damage to active channel) still need to be overcome.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide an improved method to manufacture electrodes or conductive lines made of copper with tapers on the substrate. Through the improved method, the shape of the conductive thin films can therefore be modified, the film step-coverage in the following process can be improved, the generated voids in device can be reduced, the manufacturing steps can be simplified, the complicated etching process can be avoided, and yield of the flat panel display devices can be increased.

Method for manufacturing copper wires on substrate of flat panel display device


A vehicle anti-theft system that disables a vehicle engine upon detection of an unauthorized vehicle start-up, after the engine is running, by disconnecting the vehicle battery and draining the alternator voltage to ground through a resistor. A fob transmitter transmits a coded frequency signal that is received by a receiver associated with the anti-theft system to arm the system. When the system is armed, it monitors whether the engine is running and has been recently started using a combination of vibration detection, voltage fluctuations in the battery voltage and the actual battery voltage. If the system determines that the engine is running and has been recently started, the system will issue a first command that opens a relay switch to disconnect the battery and a second command that closes a switch to connect the alternator to ground through the resistor. In order to prevent a vehicle from being jump started by using a second battery, the system includes a reset clock and associated delay that resets the decision to connect the alternator to ground at periodic intervals so as to repeatedly test for the presence of the second battery and cause the engine to stall after the second battery is disconnected. A driver entry detection portion of the system determines whether someone has entered the vehicle, and issues a chirp signal to notify the occupant that the system is armed. A state of charge algorithm is also provided to determine whether the battery voltage has reached a minimum state of charge for reliably starting the vehicle, and also disconnect the battery once the minimum level has been reached.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to a vehicle anti-theft system for preventing theft of a vehicle and, more particularly, to a vehicle anti-theft system that disables the vehicle's engine after the engine is running, if an unauthorized vehicle start-up has occurred, by disconnecting the vehicle battery and draining the alternator voltage to ground.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Theft of vehicles is a very significant and important problem facing vehicle owners. To address this problem, many different types of anti-theft systems that attempt to prevent a potential thief from stealing a vehicle are known in the art. However, as the sophistication of the anti-theft systems increases, the sophistication and ingenuity of the thieves also increases. The different types of anti-theft systems include steering wheel locks, alarm systems, and devices that disable certain essential components of the vehicle ignition system when an attempted theft is recognized. The systems that disable essential components of the vehicle ignition system generally include systems that interrupt the vehicle ignition circuit so as to prevent the vehicle from actually starting. One particular system includes providing an authorization circuit within the vehicle ignition key that is electrically coupled to the ignition circuit when the key is put into the ignition switch to provide a signal of an authorized user to enable the vehicle to be started.
Some of the known anti-theft systems attempt to prevent theft of a vehicle by disconnecting the vehicle battery from the ignition circuit to prevent the vehicle from being started, when an unauthorized ignition is detected. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,958,084 issued to Carlo et al. discloses an anti-theft device that prevents the vehicle from being started by disconnecting the vehicle battery from the ignition circuit upon detection of a high current flow indicative of an attempt to start the vehicle. The Carlo anti-theft device includes a power switch having a first condition connecting the battery to the ignition circuit to allow the battery to deliver power to the ignition circuit and a second condition that disconnects the battery from the ignition circuit. The power switch is shifted from the first condition to the second condition in response to a flow of a substantial amount of current through the ignition circuit that shows an attempt to start the vehicle. An externally received coded command signal from a hand-held transmitter deactivates the shifting of the power switch to the second condition when the high current flow is detected to enable the authorized user to start the vehicle.
The Carlo anti-theft system suffers from a number of drawbacks that can be improved upon. For example, because the Carlo anti-theft system senses the large amount of current (about 800 amps) that is present during ignition just prior to starting the vehicle engine, high integrity and robust mechanical elements are necessary to disconnect the vehicle battery at that time. Therefore, the Carlo power switch must be a heavy-duty and expensive mechanical switch. Further, because the Carlo anti-theft system only disconnects the battery from the ignition circuit to prevent the engine from being started, the system is susceptible to jump starting to complete the theft, where a second battery is connected to the vehicle starting system. The second battery would not be disconnected from the starting circuit by the anti-theft system. Also, because modern vehicles usually start very quickly after the ignition key has been turned, the chance that the Carlo anti-theft system will be able to sense the high current in time to prevent the vehicle engine from starting in these vehicles is reduced.
What is needed is an anti-theft system that disables a vehicle engine by disconnecting the battery from the vehicle ignition system, but does not suffer from the drawbacks discussed above. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide such an anti-theft system.

Anti-theft system for disabling a vehicle engine


Congestion information is determined based on a file segment transferred to one of user terminals. The congestion information is available to a server or controller communicatively linked with a plurality of user terminals. The congestion information is shared with other user terminals that share a bottleneck link.

Embodiments relate to the field of computer networks and communications over computer networks, including communications over wireless networks.
Many computer networks in existence today communicate through the transfer of data. Some examples include networks that can function independently (e.g., as Local Area Networks or LANs) or collectively as part of a group of interconnected networks (e.g., Wide Area Networks or WANs), such as the World Wide Web. Some of these networks include technologies that facilitate relatively fast, high data-rate transmissions (e.g., wired, fiber-optic, cable, and Digital Subscriber Line networks). Others facilitate slower data-rate transmissions (e.g., 3G cellular networks).
Mobile broadband services are becoming very popular in modern society. These services can provide a way for individuals having wireless communications devices (e.g., a cellular phone or tablet) to stay connected to the Internet while operating within and roaming between various wireless coverage areas. A concurrent trend is the huge increase in applications and media content distribution services that can facilitate the delivery of large, burdensome media content files to or from user equipment. Large media content file transfers have the signature feature of consuming significant amounts of network resources (e.g., channel bandwidth) over extended periods of time. Methods of enabling and making this particular data type delivery more efficient are important to end users and service providers alike. The processes facilitating more efficient media content delivery are particularly relevant for wireless networks that have limited bandwidth resources.
Most wireless networks operate using shared communications channels where concurrent, competing requests for channel access is commonplace. In these networks, data transfers can be slowed or degraded during periods of network channel congestion. Congestion can occur if the demand for a shared channel's bandwidth resources nears or exceeds the channel's capacity. Under these circumstances, the active users of the shared channel may come into conflict as each user attempts to complete individual data throughputs. To solve this problem, users can revise their requests so that the shared network channel can successfully deliver all requests in a timely manner For example, in a well-known strategy, users reduce their individual traffic using a fair-share policy. Many other prioritization schemes exist, but in existing methods the users of the congested shared network resource must first become aware that congestion is present before users can take corrective action to mitigate the congestion.
Congestion awareness by a user of a shared channel or link may be achieved in a variety of ways. In an example, end user terminals could individually operate packet data protocols with a congestion detection mechanism and develop congestion metrics. For instance, one transport-layer packet data protocol is the transport control protocol (TCP). TCP is also known by names of its many implementation variants such as TCP-Reno, TCP-Vegas and CUBIC. Other packet data protocols with congestion detection capability exist such as SCTP. In using TCP or other similar protocols, sending and receiving terminals interconnected by a network typically conduct periodic measurements of the network by transporting data over the network and measuring delivery performance of the data. Thus, the periodic measurements taken in accordance to these protocols also present a traffic load to a network. Accordingly, if many end user terminals attempt to detect congestion in this manner, the aggregate burden to the network traffic exacerbates any congestion that may already be present. Sending and receiving terminal pairs do not share congestion state information with other terminals of the shared channel or link or even with separate transport layer data sessions operating using the same sending and receiving terminals.
Furthermore, congestion detection and control is often assigned to lower protocol layers such as TCP, while upper application protocol layers and application programming interfaces typically do not have access to the congestion status of the network. Without access to congestion information upper application layers and application programming have difficulty reacting to or mitigating the congestion.

Method and system for cooperative congestion detection in cellular networks


A refrigeration apparatus, including a main circuit (1) for circulation of a main flow (90) of refrigerant, and a lubrication branch (20), comprising a lubrication inlet (21), configured to derive a lubrication flow (91) from the main flow (90) circulating through a supply part (16) of the main circuit; and a lubrication outlet (22), to feed the compressor (2) with the lubrication flow (91) for lubrication. According to the invention, the refrigeration apparatus further includes: a subcooling branch (40), comprising a subcooling inlet (41), connected to an evaporator (8) of the main circuit (1), so as to derive a subcooling flow (92), and a subcooling outlet (42), connected to the evaporator (8), for reintroducing the subcooling flow (92) into the main flow (90); and a subcooling heat exchanger (31).

The present invention concerns a refrigeration apparatus and the use of said refrigeration apparatus.
The invention relates to the domain of machines that implement a thermodynamic cycle to a refrigerant, for producing a refrigeration effect.
A refrigerating apparatus is known from EP 1 400 765 A2, comprising a refrigerant passage including a screw compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator. This known apparatus comprises a bypass flow passage, branching at a part of said refrigerant passage, between the condenser and the expansion valve, routing the refrigerant through throttle means, and communicating with a rotor cavity of the screw compressor. Lubrication of the rotor cavity is achieved by the same fluid that is also used as the refrigerant in the passage, and in the absence of oil.
For successfully lubricating the rotor cavity, one must ensure that a significant part of the refrigerant reaching the rotor cavity is in a liquid state. This is usually the case when the refrigerating apparatus is operating at high load, corresponding in particular to a high flow of refrigerant. When the refrigerating apparatus is operating at full load, the refrigerant emitted by the condenser is generally entirely in a liquid state, or in a diphasic state with little proportion of the refrigerant in gaseous state.
However, if the need for refrigeration is lower, the apparatus may be operating at low load, including in particular a smaller flow of refrigerant. During low load operation of the apparatus, it may happen that the refrigerant circulating through the bypass flow passage is not entirely in liquid state and contains a non-negligible proportion of refrigerant in gaseous state, or even a high proportion of refrigerant in gaseous state. Since refrigerant in a gaseous state is not able to sufficiently lubricate the compressor, there is a risk of damaging or destroying the compressor due to a lack of lubrication during low load operation of the apparatus.

Refrigeration apparatus having subcooling heat exchanger for lubrication flow