The present invention relates to an automatic tent frame capable of preventing an upper coupler and a lower coupler from being rotated with respect to each other or preventing given gaps from being generated on the coupled portions of the upper coupler and the lower coupler even in a case where an automatic tent is not unfolded to its original shape by the reduction of the restoring force of an extension spring and thus falls down due to external impacts like wind, thus preventing support poles supporting main poles from being damaged to extend the life span of the automatic tent frame, and capable of reducing the length of a pipe module, while allowing the pipe module to have the same functions as in conventional one, thus upwardly lifting an outer surface of the automatic tent by the reduced length to increase the interior of the automatic tent by a maximum height.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an automatic tent frame having an extension spring extended when an automatic tent is folded, and more particularly, to an automatic tent frame that is capable of preventing an upper coupler and a lower coupler from being rotated with respect to each other or preventing given gaps from being generated on the coupled portions of the upper coupler and the lower coupler even in a case where an automatic tent is not unfolded to its original shape by the reduction of the restoring force of an extension spring and thus falls down due to external impacts like wind, thus preventing support poles supporting main poles from being damaged to extend the life span of the automatic tent frame, and that is capable of reducing the length of a pipe module, while allowing the pipe module to have the same functions as in conventional one, thus upwardly lifting an outer surface of the automatic tent by the reduced length to increase the interior of the automatic tent by a maximum height and providing very pleasant camping in the relatively extended internal space of the automatic tent.
2. Background of the Related Art
Modern people, who want to live comfortably in nature like mountains and river, away from busy schedules, have enjoyed their camping as one of their endevours to improve their quality of life.
Camping means with modern facilities such as a camping car, a forest park, a bungalow and the like have been developed, but among them, one of the best camping means is an automatic tent capable of realizing the real value of nature and learning the wisdom of life in nature.
However, it is not easy to find an appropriate area for camping, install the automatic tent, and remove the automatic tent, and particularly, it is very hard for women or children to do such works. Accordingly, various developments for an automatic tent frame capable of easily installing and removing the automatic tent have been dynamically made as will be mentioned below.
In this case, an automatic tent is a new tent capable of being installed and removed in a rapid and convenient way, and as shown in FIG. 6, the automatic tent T includes an automatic tent frame 1 forming a frame structure thereof and an outer surface 2 fitted to the outside of the automatic tent frame 1 to shield the automatic tent from rain and wind. The automatic tent T is installed by pulling outer surface loops 21 locked onto the automatic tent frame 1 through momentary unfolding of the automatic tent frame 1 and by unfolding the outer surface 2. The automatic tent is also called foldable tent or one touch tent, and one of the main features of the automatic tent T is the completion of installation and removal with a short period of time through just folding or unfolding, thus improving the convenience in use.
Of course, the outer surface 2 of the automatic tent T basically needs a water proofing function according to the exposure to ultraviolet rays and a flame resistance treatment for protecting a user from fire, but the automatic tent frame 1 basically should improve the easiness in the installation and removal of the automatic tent, maintain the stability of the installed tent, and enhance the conveniences in living in the automatic tent.
Recently, there has been proposed Korean Patent No. 10-1191046 entitled 'automatic tent frame', issued on Oct. 9, 2012 to the same inventor as the present invention, wherein the conventional automatic tent frame has an extension spring extended when an automatic tent is folded.
Referring to FIGS. 7 to 9, the above-mentioned conventional automatic tent frame will be in detail explained below. The automatic tent frame 500 includes: a pipe module 510 having two pipes having different diameters from each other, the small diameter pipe being insertedly fitted to the large diameter pipe in such a manner as to slidingly move therein; an upper coupler 520 located on top of the pipe module 510 in such a manner as to be coupled to any one of the two pipes of the pipe module 510; a lower coupler 530 located on the underside of the pipe module 100 in such a manner as to be coupled to the other pipe of the pipe module 510; an extension spring T inserted into the pipe module 510 in such a manner as to be fixed on the upper end periphery thereof to the pipe to which the upper coupler 520 is fixed and on the lower end periphery to the pipe to which the lower coupler 530 is fixed, the extension spring T being fixed in a state of being extended by a given length; a plurality of main poles F9 hinge-coupled to the upper coupler 520; and a plurality of support poles F10 each having one end hinge-coupled to the main pole F9 and the other end hinge-coupled to the lower coupler 530, wherein the extension spring T has an upper coupling end U and a lower coupling end L on which fastening holes H are formed, the upper end periphery of the extension spring T being fixed to the pipe to which the upper coupler 520 is fixed by means of a fastening member M passing through the upper coupler 520 and the pipe to which the upper coupler 520 is fixed in such a manner as to be inserted into the fastening hole H of the upper coupling end U, and the lower end periphery of the extension spring T being fixed to the pipe to which the lower coupler 530 is fixed by means of a fastening member M passing through the lower coupler 530 and the pipe to which the lower coupler 530 is fixed in such a manner as to be inserted into the fastening hole H of the lower coupling end U, and the lower coupler 530 has a through hole P formed on the underside thereof, the lower coupling end L of the extension spring T having an extension piece E exposed to the outside through the through hole P in such a manner as to allow the extension spring T to be extended by a given length L5 in an arrow direction C when the lower coupling end L of the extension spring T is fixed.
According to the above-mentioned conventional automatic tent frame, in the state where the extension spring is extended while the automatic tent frame is being not used for a long period of time, even if the automatic tent is unfolded, it can be completely unfolded to its initial expected shape.
As the time has passed, however, the extension force of the extension spring becomes weak, and further, the restoring force of the extension spring becomes reduced, so that the automatic tent is not unfolded to its initial shape and thus falls down due to the external impacts like wind. Furthermore, the upper coupler and the lower coupler are rotated with respect to each other, and given gaps are undesirably generated on the coupling portions of the upper coupler and the lower coupler, thus causing the support poles supporting the main poles to be turned and damaged to shorten the life span of the automatic tent frame. Accordingly, separate locking means should be needed.
Additionally, the height of the head portion formed by coupling the upper coupler, the pipe module and the lower coupler with each other is relatively high in the whole height of the installed automatic tent, but the height of the internal space of the automatic tent is not relatively high, which causes many inconveniences in standing or moving in the interior of the automatic tent.


A high-frequency circuit element which can be formed by firing simultaneously a microwave magnetic body and a hard magnetic body plate in the form of a laminate. The microwave magnetic body is made of calcium-vadium-iron and the hard magnetic body plate is made of strontium-iron, so that they have approximately the same firing temperature. They are separated by a screening film of palladium or platinum, which prevents the diffusion of strontium ions from the hard magnetic body plate to the microwave magnetic body. This constitution permits the simultaneous firing of the two components. The high-frequency circuit element is useful as a small, high-precision circulator, isolator, or inductor.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a high-frequency circuit element for the microwave band and, more particularly, to a high-frequency element for use in a circulator, isolator, or inductor, for example.
2. Description of the Prior Art
There has been an increasing demand for size reduction and thickness reduction of high-frequency circuit elements as circulators, isolators, and inductors. In compliance with this demand, the inventors of the present application disclosed a new method for producing a high-frequency circuit element in Laid-open Japanese Patent Application No. 6-61708. This method consists of printing a transmission wire on the surface of a microwave magnetic substrate, laminating a plurality of the substrates by pressing, and firing the laminate. This method permits the production of small, thin high-frequency circuit elements and also permits the accurate alignment of substrates. A high-frequency circuit element produced by this method has the structure as shown in FIG. 3.
The high-frequency circuit element 20 shown in FIG. 3 is composed of a microwave magnetic substrate 1a, three pieces of microwave magnetic substrate 1b each having a transmission wire 2 formed on its principal surface, and two pieces of hard magnetic substrate 3, all the substrates being laminated one over another. The high-frequency circuit element 20 is used as an isolator or circulator in the microwave band.
The high-frequency circuit element 20 is produced by the process explained below with reference to FIG. 4. First, an yttrium-iron powder is prepared as a starting material for the microwave magnetic body. This powder is mixed with an organic solvent, binder, dispersing agent, and plasticizer to give a slurry. This slurry is formed into a strip of green sheet (10-200 .mu.m thick) by the doctor blade method. Green sheets for substrate la and the substrate 1b are formed separately. The green sheet for substrate 1a is cut into several pieces, each serving as green sheet 1a' for the microwave magnetic body. (Green sheet 1a' becomes substrate la upon firing.) The green sheet for substrates 1b has its principal surface printed with a conductive paste to form a transmission line 2 thereon. The green sheet is cut into several pieces, each serving as green sheet 1b' for the microwave magnetic body. (Green sheet 1b' becomes substrate 1b upon firing.) Desired pieces of green sheet 1a' and green sheet 1b' are laminated one over another under pressure, and the laminate is fired to obtain a sintered body (not shown) consisting of several pieces of substrate 1a and substrate 1b.
Secondly, a strontium-iron powder is prepared as a starting material for the hard magnetic body plate 3. This powder is mixed with an organic solvent, binder, dispersing agent, and plasticizer to give a molding material. This molding material is formed into a strip of green sheet 3' (10-200 .mu.m thick) by extrusion. The green sheet is cut to a prescribed size and then fired to give the hard magnetic body plate 3.
Thirdly, the laminate sintered body consisting of several pieces of substrate la and substrate 1b is sandwiched between two pieces of hard magnetic body plate 3. The entire assembly is enclosed in a casing (not shown). Finally, the hard magnetic body plate 3 is magnetized. In this way the high-frequency circuit element 20 is obtained.
The disadvantage of the conventional method for producing the high-frequency circuit element 20 is difficulties in firing simultaneously the green sheets 1a' and 1b' of microwave magnetic body and the green sheet of high magnetic body plate 3. This is due to the fact that the firing temperature of the yttrium-iron-containing substrates 1a and 1b is about 1500.degree. C., whereas that of the strontium-iron-containing hard magnetic body plate 3 is 1250.degree. C. This makes it necessary to perform firing separately on the laminate of green sheets 1a' and 1b' and the green sheets of the hard magnetic body plate 3 and to join the sintered bodies together afterward by an appropriate method. The joining is liable to cause a misalignment of the sintered bodies in the individual high-frequency circuit element. Another disadvantage is that when the laminate of green sheets 1a' , 1b' , and 3' formed by pressing is fired at, say, 1500.degree. C., firing causes the strontium ions contained in the hard magnetic body plate 3 to diffuse into the substrates 1a and 1b, thereby greatly deteriorating the electric properties of the high-frequency circuit element.


A fishing boat equipment mounting system is provided including a boat having a horizontal deck included therewith with a plurality of seat post holes formed therein for releasably receiving a plurality of seat posts. Next provided is at least one mounting plate including a top face and a bottom face with a periphery formed therebetween. The periphery is defined by a pair of linear parallel side edges and semi-circular end edges. Each mounting plate further has a gripping layer situated along the entire bottom face. A seat post bore and a plurality of mounting apertures are formed between the top and bottom face. By this structure, fishing equipment may be mounted on the top face of the mounting plates and the seat post bore of one of the mounting plates may be aligned with one of the seat post holes of the deck of the boat. Thereafter, one of the seat posts may be situated through the seat post hole and bore, thereby maintaining the mounting plate and fishing equipment in a constant orientation.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to fishing equipment mounting assemblies and more particularly pertains to a new PEDESTAL SEAT BASE ACCESSORY BOARD for avoiding drilling a deck of a boat when mounting various fishing equipment in a fixed position on the deck.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of fishing equipment mounting assemblies is known in the prior art. More specifically, fishing equipment mounting assemblies heretofore devised and utilized are known to consist basically of familiar, expected and obvious structural configurations, notwithstanding the myriad of designs encompassed by the crowded prior art which have been developed for the fulfillment of countless objectives and requirements.
Known prior art fishing equipment mounting assemblies include U.S. Pat. No. 4,597,356; U.S. Pat. No. 4,008,500; U.S. Pat. No. 5,346,415; U.S. Pat. No. 4,587,921; U.S. Pat. No. 5,197,406; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,722,706.
In these respects, the PEDESTAL SEAT BASE ACCESSORY BOARD according to the present invention substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art, and in so doing provides an apparatus primarily developed for the purpose of avoiding drilling a deck of a boat when mounting various fishing equipment in a fixed position on the deck.


Disclosed is a technique which is for duplicating across a wide region any large region on a chromosome of a fungus belonging to Aspergillus strain, and which enables the stable and systematic acquisition of a previously un-acquirable fungus belonging to the Aspergillus strain having novel traits. Disclosed is a transformant wherein a transformation marker gene sequence is arranged on the outside of terminals (5′, 3′) of a region so as to sandwich an arbitrary region of a chromosome, and chromosome duplication has taken place by means of homologous recombination after double strand breakage generated in a homologous region inside the gene. Also disclosed is a method for duplicating an arbitrary region of a chromosome of a fungus belonging to Aspergillus strain by culturing said transformant.

Aspergillus strains such as Aspergillus sojae and Aspergillus oryzae have been industrially used in the production of brewed food such as soy sauce, sake (rice wine), soybean paste, etc. With a recent determination of the whole genomic sequence of Aspergillus oryzae and development of an exhaustive analysis of gene expression using a micro-array, it has been expected that genetic modification of their genes, especially their chromosomal modification would increase the productivity of an enzyme and improve a growth rate of these filamentous fungi.
Furthermore, enzymes produced by the Aspergillus strains are utilized in a variety of industries. For example, in the production of soy sauce, the traditional food in Japan, various enzymes produced by the Aspergillus strains are used. The Aspergillus strains are cultured with starting materials such as soybean and wheat so as to produce the various enzymes, which will degrade proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, etc. of the soybean and wheat and promote lactic acid fermentation and yeast fermentation in the following steps. If a large amount of the above degradative enzymes is produced, the productivity can be much improved due to the increase in a utility factor of the starting materials and a rate of squeezing. In addition to that, since substrates shall be sufficiently provided to the lactic acid fermentation and yeast fermentation so as to properly carry out the fermentation processes, the quality of soy sauce can be improved to a large extent.
Unlike Aspergillus nidulans, niger, fumigatus and awamori that have a mononuclear generation, koji molds such as Aspergillus sojae and Aspergillus oryzae are always kept in a multinuclear state in their whole life cycle including in a conidium condition, and their sexual generation has not yet been observed. Their nuclear-distribution mechanism from a parent cell to a daughter cell has not yet been revealed, either. Accordingly, a mutant cannot be produced by means of mating between strains or RIP (Repeat Induced Mutation), which makes it difficult to study their genetics. As a result, the genetic analysis of Aspergillus sojae and Aspergillus oryzae has fallen behind in spite of their industrially very high utility.
As it is therefore very important from an industrial point of view to breed Aspergillus strains of high utility such as those having high productivity of various enzymes, methods for breeding have been vigorously developed for the above purpose. There are two prominent types of such breeding methods, i.e., mutation and genetic recombination (genetic modification) methods.
The mutation method uses various mutation treatments such as X-ray, ultraviolet ray, and heavy ion beam. Useful characteristics have been used as an index for screening strains having various enzyme activities and excellent fermentation properties. Recently, the strains having such useful characteristics have been analyzed by means of genomic information to reveal that the duplication of chromosome is important for providing the Aspergillus strains with such useful characteristics. An Aspergillus strain having duplication of such a large scale as 900 kb or more was obtained by means of mutation treatment method (Patent Literature 1). It was already reported that repeated sequences were found with a high frequency at a boundary region of the duplicated region on the chromosome by analysis of a yeast obtained by means of γ-ray radiation (Non Patent Literature 1).
However, the mechanism of such duplication of the chromosome has not yet been revealed. Accordingly, it has been just possible to accidentally obtain a strain having duplication of a region relating to an enzyme by means of conventional mutation treatments and screening based on activity of said enzyme. However, since mutation will actually occur on various sites at random on the chromosome, it has been impossible to duplicate a particular region on the chromosome of the Aspergillus strains. Furthermore, it is well known that back mutation or revertant (elimination of the duplicated chromosome) will occur with a high frequency due to recombination between the homologous sequences in said strain having the duplication obtained by means of the conventional mutation treatments.
On the other hand, the genetic recombination method utilizes transformation to introduce a target gene into the Aspergillus strains for breeding. Conventionally, the gene that can be introduced in said method has 5˜6 kb. However, in order to actually obtain such useful Aspergillus strains as those having a high enzyme-productivity, it would be necessary to include a promoter region, a terminator region and a marker gene for screening, if necessary, in addition to the target gene region in a region to be introduced, which could enlarge the size of said region up to 10 kb or more.
As seen form the above description, there has exited no technique that enables the duplication of a relatively large region at an arbitrary site on the chromosome.

Method for producing a large region duplication of


The present invention provides load leveling and impact energy absorption webbing comprising warp yarn. If the webbing is used in seat belts, the webbing provides load leveling behavior from about 450 pounds (about 2,000 Newtons) to about 1,800 pounds (about 8,000 Newtons) in vehicle collision. The yarn has a force-displacement profile such that: (a) when the yarn is subjected to an initial barrier stress of from about 0.2 gram/denier to less than or equal to about 1.4 grams/denier, the yarn elongates to less than 3 percent and the initial modulus ranges from about 20 grams/denier to about 150 grams/denier; (b) upon subjecting the yarn to greater than the initial barrier stress and less than or equal to 1.8 grams/denier, the yarn elongates further to at least about 10 percent and the energy absorbed from 0 to the elongation at 1.8 grams/denier is at least about 0.0008 Joule/denierxc2x7meter; and (c) upon subjecting the yarn to greater than 1.8 grams/denier, the modulus increases sharply and the yarn elongates further until the yarn breaks at a tensile strength of at least about 5 grams/denier, wherein the yarn comprises a multiplicity of fibers, all of said warp yarns having substantially the same force-displacement profile, are made from polymer having a glass transition temperature in the range from about xe2x88x9240xc2x0 C. to about +70xc2x0 C., and are not made from polybutylene terephthalate homopolymer.

A typical vehicle safety seat belt system is designed to restrict the displacement of an occupant with respect to the occupant""s seated position within the vehicle when the vehicle experiences a sudden, sharp deceleration. See commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 3,322,163. A typical seat belt system has three main portions: the retractor belt, the torso belt, and the lap belt and the performance of each belt may be characterized by its force-displacement curve. The area under the force-displacement curve is referred to as the energy absorbed by the safety restraint.
Current vehicle safety seat belts are made from fully drawn polyethylene terephthalate (xe2x80x9cPETxe2x80x9d) fiber which is partially relaxed (2.7%) and having a tenacity of at least 7.5 g/denier and 14% elongation at break. However, a problem exists with current PET fiber seat belts. Crash studies indicate that after the initial vehicle impact occurs (e.g. speed of about 35 miles/hr), the occupant tends to move forward from his seated position until the belt engages to build restraining forces. As indicated in FIG. 1, the relatively unyielding belt made from PET fiber exerts a load of at least 2000 pounds (about 9000 Newtons) against the occupant so as to cause the occupant to have chest and rib cage injuries at the seat belt torso position and also neck and back injuries when the occupant rebounds and impacts the back structure of the seat assembly.
U.S. Government regulation requires that seat belts must withstand loads up to 6,000 lbs. When a car collides at a speed of 35 miles/hour, an impact energy to which an average sized person in the car is subjected is at least 500 Joules on the torso belt. Although the current PET fiber may absorb the impact energy, damage to the vehicle occupant still occurs due to the undesirable force-displacement curve. In 70 milliseconds, an average sized passenger will experience high forces of up to 2,000 pounds (about 9,000 Newtons) as shown in FIG. 1.
In order to absorb the impact energy and to reduce the seat belt load against the vehicle occupant, U.S. Pat. No. 3,550,957 discloses a shoulder harness having stitched doubled sections of the webbing arranged above the shoulder of the occupant so that the stitching permits the webbing to elongate from an initial length toward a final length at a controlled rate under the influence of a predetermined restraining force. However, the stitched sections do not give the desirable amount of energy absorption, do not provide uniform response, and are not reusable. See also U.S. Pat. No. 4,138,157.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,530,904 discloses a woven fabric which is constructed by weaving two kinds of yarns having relatively different physical properties and demonstrates energy absorption capability. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,296,062; 3,464,459; 3,756,288; 3,823,748; 3,872,895; 3,926,227; 4,228,829; 5,376,440; and Japanese Patent 4-257336 further disclose webbings which are constructed of multiple kinds of warp yarns having different tenacity and elongations at break. The webbing shows multiple step gives and impact absorbent characteristics. Those skilled in this technical area have recognized the deficiencies in using at least two different yarn types as taught by the preceding references. U.S. Pat. No. 4,710,423 and Kokai Patent Publication 298209 published Dec. 1, 1989 (xe2x80x9cPublication 298209xe2x80x9d) teach that when using at least two different yarn types, energy absorption occurs in a stepwise manner and thus, the web does not absorb the energy continuously and smoothly. Therefore, after one type of warps absorbs a portion of the impact energy, and before another type of warps absorbs another portion of the impact energy, the human body is exposed to an undesirable shock. In addition, these types of seat belts are not reusable.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,486,791 discloses energy absorbing devices such as a rolled up device which separates a slack section of the belt from the taut body restraining section by clamping means which yield under a predetermined restraining force to gradually feed out the slack section so that the taut section elongates permitting the restrained body to move at a controlled velocity. The reference also describes a device which anchors the belt to the vehicle by an anchor member attached to the belt and embedded in a solid plastic energy absorber. These kinds of mechanical devices are expensive, are not reusable, provide poor energy absorption, and are difficult to control. An improvement on the foregoing devices is taught by commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,547,143 which describes a load absorbing retractor comprising: a rotating spool or reel, seat belt webbing secured to the reel; and at least one movable bushing, responsive to loads generated during a collision situation, for deforming a portion of the reel and in so doing dissipating a determined amount of the energy.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,710,423 and Publication 298209 disclose webbing comprised of PET yarns having tenacity of at least 4 grams/denier and an ultimate elongation of from 50% to 80%. Due to the inherent physical properties of PET yarn, the Examples show that, at 5% elongation, the load has already reached more than 700 kg (about 1500 lbs). The damage to the occupant by seat belt still exists and thus, the belt needs to be further modified. Examples in these two patents also show that if PET yarn is overrelaxed, the tenacity drops to 2.3 g/denier.
Kokai Patent Publication 90717 published Apr. 4, 1995 discloses high strength polybutylene terephathalate homopolymer (xe2x80x9cPBTxe2x80x9d) fiber based energy absorption webbing. The fiber""s tenacity is over 5.8 g/denier, breaking elongation is over 18.0%, and the stress at 10% elongation is less than 3.0 g/d. However, this reference fails to teach PBT fiber demonstrating the initial stress requirement which engages the seat belt to protect the occupant and the means to control the initial stress barrier.
It would be desirable to have an improved energy absorbing seat belt which has a smoother performance than that of the known stitched webbing approach or the known use of at least two different fibers, is reusable unlike the known clamp approach, and also addresses the ability to control the initial barrier stress and the impact energy absorption.
We have developed webbings which respond to the foregoing need in the art. The webbings, if used in seat belts, demonstrate different load leveling behavior from about 450 pounds (about 2,000 Newtons) to about 1,800 pounds (about 8,000 Newtons) in a vehicle collision. In order to meet these requirements, the web comprises warp yarn and the warp yarn has a force-displacement profile characterized by: (a) when the yarn is subjected to an initial barrier stress of from about 0.2 gram/denier to less than or equal to about 1.4 grams/denier, the yarn elongates to less than 3 percent and the initial modulus ranges from about 20 grams/denier to about 150 grams/denier; (b) upon subjecting the yarn to greater than the initial barrier stress and less than or equal to 1.8 grams/denier, the yarn elongates further to at least about 10 percent and the energy absorbed from 0 to the elongation at 1.8 grams/denier is at least 0.0008 Joule/denierxc2x7meter; and (c) upon subjecting the yarn to greater than 1.8 grams/denier, the modulus increases sharply and the yarn elongates further until the yarn breaks at a tensile strength of at least about 5 grams/denier, wherein the yarn comprises a multiplicity of fibers, all of said warp yarns having substantially the same force-displacement profile, are made from polymers having a glass transition temperature in the range from about xe2x88x9240xc2x0 C. to about +70xc2x0 C., and are not made from polybutylene terephthalate homopolymer.
The term xe2x80x9cmodulusxe2x80x9d as used herein means the slope of the force-displacement curve.
FIG. 2 illustrates the force-displacement profile of one of the present yarns and webbings. The initial barrier stress is indicated as IBS on FIG. 2. The present web is advantageous because it has better impact energy absorption and a smoother performance than that of the known stitched webbing approach or the known use of at least two different fibers, is reusable unlike the known clamp approach, and also addresses the ability to control the initial barrier stress and the impact energy absorption.

Abstract: The web may be used for safety restraining webs for seat belts, parachute harnesses and lines, shoulder harnesses, cargo handling, safety nets, trampolines, safety belts or harnesses for workers at high attitudes, military arrestor tapes for slowing aircraft, ski tow lines, and in cordage applications such as for yacht mooring or oil derrick mooring.


Examples are disclosed that relate to reading stored data. The method comprises obtaining a representation of a measurement performed on a data-storage medium, the representation being based on a previously recorded pattern of data encoded in the data-storage medium in a layout that defines a plurality of data locations. The method further comprises inputting the representation into a data decoder comprising a trained machine-learning function, and obtaining from the data decoder, for each data location of the layout, a plurality of probability values, wherein each probability value is associated with a corresponding data value and represents the probability that the corresponding data value matches the actual data value in the previously recorded pattern of data at a same location in the layout.

Mass storage of digital data relies on conversion of the data into a persistent, physical perturbation, or state change, within a data-storage medium. Conversely, retrieving previously stored data from a data-storage medium requires probing the medium to detect the perturbation. Perturbations applicable to high-throughput, high-density data storage include, for example, localized changes in the magnetic or optical properties of a medium. However, the transduction processes used to store and retrieve data may be subject to interferences.

Machine-learning optimization of data reading and writing


An electrohydraulic vehicle braking system is provided, comprising an electrically controllable first hydraulic pressure generator and an electrically controllable second hydraulic pressure generator. The braking system further comprises a first valve device for each wheel brake, having at least one first valve, wherein in an electrically uncontrolled state the first valve device separates its associated wheel brake from an output of the first hydraulic pressure generator, and in an electrically controlled state connects it to the output of the first hydraulic pressure generator. In addition, a second valve device for each wheel brake is provided, having a second valve between an output of the second hydraulic pressure generator and its associated wheel brake, as well as a third valve between this wheel brake and a first hydraulic fluid reservoir. The first valve device and the second valve device are arranged in parallel to one another.

Electrohydraulic vehicle braking systems according to the brake-by-wire (BBV) principle include an electrically controllable hydraulic pressure generator which during service braking operation generates the brake pressure at the wheel brakes of the vehicle. A vehicle deceleration that is requested by the driver at a brake pedal is detected by sensor and converted into a control signal for the electrically controllable hydraulic pressure generator.
To allow a brake pressure to be built up at the wheel brakes, even if the electrically controllable hydraulic pressure generator fans, braking systems that are operable according to the BBW principle have thus far additionally included a master cylinder, via which hydraulic fluid may likewise be conveyed to the wheel brakes. When the braking system is operating normally, the master cylinder is decoupled from the wheel brakes, or the brake pedal is decoupled from the master cylinder. In this case, a wheel brake pressure is bunt up solely by means of the electrically controllable hydraulic pressure generator. In contrast, during emergency braking operation, for example if the electrically controllable hydraulic pressure generator fails, this decoupling is discontinued. The driver him/herself may then generate a brake pressure at the wheel brakes by means of the master cylinder.
Due to the discontinued decoupling, the emergency braking operation is also referred to as a pushthrough (PT) operation. The option afforded to the driver for building up a brake pressure at the wheel brakes via the master cylinder in PT operation provides redundancy which is essential based on safety considerations. Motor vehicle braking systems for autonomous or semiautonomous driving must also be redundantly designed. However, in such cases it cannot be assumed that the driver is present in the vehicle (in a remote-controlled parking (RCP) operation, for example), or that the driver is able to immediately actuate a brake pedal for the PT operation (for example, when the driver is looking away from the road).
For this reason, in addition to a function unit that provides an electrically controllable main braking function, braking systems for autonomous or semiautonomous driving must also include a further function unit that can redundantly implement an electrically controllable auxiliary braking function. In this case, two electrically controllable hydraulic pressure generators are used to provide redundancy in the hydraulic pressure generation. Due to this redundancy, consideration may also be given to dispensing with the master cylinder and the PT functionality.

Electrohydraulic vehicle braking system having redundant hydraulic pressure generation, and method for operating the braking system


A data processor capable of controlling memory accessing by the same controls regardless of the bus width to be used. A register is provided for storing data to be inputted and completing a block of data with a size equal to that of the whole bus width of the external data bus when the microprocessor accesses external memory by using only a part of the bus width of an external data bus according to a bus-sizing function. A bus interface is provided for starting memory access by dividing a bus cycle into plural portions according to the bus width and for controlling operation so as to access data equal in size to the case where the whole bus width of the external data bus is used for accessing.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a data processor having a bus-sizing function, more particularly to a data processor capable of accessing data buses having bus widths different from each other according to a bus-sizing function.
2. Description of Related Art
Some data processors are capable of approximately accessing a memory system by switching the effective width of the data bus using a bus-sizing function when data is read/written during memory access.
The bus-sizing function includes dynamic bus-sizing and static bus-sizing. Dynamic bus-sizing as the capability of changing a bus width by designating a bus width every time memory is accessed. In static bus-sizing the bus width is fixed to a constant value after designating a bus width when the whole unit is reset.
In the following, an explanation will given of one example of a ..conventional.!. data processor having a bus-sizing function as mentioned above and also having a cache.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing construction of a ..conventional.!. data processor. This data processor is composed of a microprocessor 1 and an external memory 6 connected thereto by an external data bus 10 and an external address bus 11. Though the bus width of the external data bus D (0:63) 10 is 64 bits, using a static bus-sizing function, the bus width can be designated as either 64-bit width or 32-bit width. In the case where the external data bus 10 is used in a 32-bit width, accessing is carried out by using only lower 32 bits D (32:63) of the external data bus 10. The bit width of the external address bus A (0:31) 11 is fixed at a 32-bit width.
The microprocessor 1 is composed of a bus interface 2 and internal function circuits. The internal function circuits include an alignment circuit 3, a cache memory 4, an internal data operation circuit 5 and so on. Both the alignment circuit 3 and the cache memory 4 are connected to the bus interface 2 by a D bus 12, which is an internal data bus. The alignment circuit 3 and the internal data operation circuit 5 are connected with each other by an S bus 13, while the cache memory 4 and the alignment circuit 3 are connected with each other by a bus 14.
The data obtained over the external data bus 10 according to read-accessing from the external memory 6 is transferred to the alignment circuit 3 and the cache memory 4 through the bus interface 2 and the D bus 12. The read data is registered in the cache memory 4 as well as aligned by the alignment circuit 3. In the case where the data to be read is registered in the cache memory in advance, the data is transferred to the alignment circuit 3 from the cache memory 4 through the bus 14. The data having been aligned by the alignment circuit 3 is transferred to the internal data operation circuit 5 through the S bus 13. The respective bus width of the D bus 12, S bus 13 and bus 14 in the microprocessor 1 is 64 bits.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit for a data transferring system of the bus interface 2. This circuit is composed of tri-state buffers 30, 31 and buffers 32, 33. The bus 10H (which is the higher 32 bits of the external data bus 10) is connected to the bus 12H (which is the higher 32 bits of the D bus 12) through the buffer 32 and the tri-state buffer 30, and the bus 10L (which is the lower 32 bits of the external data bus 10) is connected to the bus 12L (which is the lower 32 bits of the D bus 12) through the buffer 33 and the tri-state buffer 31.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing logical levels of control signals 3A, 3B of the aforementioned tri-state buffers 30, 31 in reading data. In this state, the logical levels of the control signals 3A. 3B are always "1". Accordingly, data is ouputted from the bus 10H to the bus 12H and data is outputted from the bus 10L to the bus 12L.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing construction of the alignment circuit 3. In the alignment circuit 3, an 88-bit register 400 comprising a 4A register 40 of 32 bits, a 4b register 41 of 32 bits, a 4C register 42 of 24 bits is provided in order to store non-alignment data inputed from the D bus 12. A shifter 43 for aligning data stored in the 88-bit register 400 and a 64-bit register 44 for preserving data aligned by the shifter 43 are also provided.
The alignment circuit 3 is so constructed as to be able to align respective data of 8 bits, 16 bits, 32 bits and 64 bits. 64-bit data crosses a 32-bit boundary of memory space of the external memory 6 two times at most. Therefore 88 bits in total are necessary for the sizes of the 4A, 4B, 4C registers 40, 41, 42 storing non-alignment data.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing how data on the D bus 12 is taken into the 4A, 4B, 4C registers 40, 41, 42 shown in FIG. 4. The condition for the data being taken in is determined by the bus width of the external data bus 10 being used and the value of the third bit from the lower side of the address.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a construction of the cache memory 4. The cache memory 4 is composed of a data registering register 50 of 256 bits, a data reading register 52, a cache memory data unit 51, a shifter 53 taking out 88 bits from 256 bits, a tag registering register 54, a cache memory tag unit 55, a tag reading register 56 and so on.
The data registered in one line of the cache memory 4 is 256 bits. External bus access for registering in the cache memory 4 is performed according to burst transfer access in which one line of data can be accessed at high speed. The data registering register 50 is composed of eight 32-bit registers 5A, 5B . . . 5H. The respective registers 5A, 5B . . . 5H are connected to the bus 12H and to the bus 12L.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing construction of a part of the memory space to be processed by the microprocessor 1 shown in FIG. 1. Addresses shown in FIG. 7 are byte addresses. The addresses shown in FIG. 7 are the lower 16 bits of 32-bit addresses and are indicated in hexadecimal.
FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are timing charts showing timings for a burst transfer access. FIG. 8 shows the case where the external data bus 10 has a 64-bit width and FIG. 9 shows the case where it has a 32-bit width, respectively.
Burst transfer access is a transferring method in which four bus cycles are combined as a set. FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, reference symbol (a) designated clock CLK, (b) data on the external address bus A (0:31). (c) bus start signal #BS, (d) address strobe signal #AS, (e) data strobe signal #DS, and (f) designates a read/write signal R/#W respectively. All of these signals are outputted by the microprocessor 1. Preference symbol (g) designates a data-transfer completion signal #DC and (h) designates data on the external data bus D (0:63) 10. These signals are inputted to the microprocessor 1. Further, reference symbol (i) designates an access start signal indicating the start of the burst transfer access and (j) designates a bus cycle finishing signal indicating an end of each cycle of burst transfer. These signals indicate the states of the bus cycles to the internal data operation circuit 5 form the bus interface 2.
Next, an explanation will be given of the operation of such ..conventional.!. data processor as mentioned above.
The microprocessor 1, at first, accesses the built-in cache memory 4 when data reading of the memory is necessary. In the case where a cache miss occurs, that is, where data to be accessed is not stored in the cache memory 4, the bus cycle is started to the external memory 6 to read data by a burst transfer access. When data is read after accessing the external memory 6, the alignment circuit 3 aligns the data and at the same time the data is registered in the cache memory 4. The next time accessing is performed to the same address, since data is already registered in the cache memory 4, (that is, since there is a cache hit), the time required for accessing is shortened because there is no necessity for accessing the external memory 6.
Since the microprocessor 1 has a static bus-sizing function as aforementioned, it can operate by changing the bus width of the external data bus 10.
In the following, an explanation will be given of how the operation in the cache where a cache miss occurs and data is read by a burst transfer access is different due to various bus widths of the external data bus 10 being used.
First an explanation will be given of the case where the external data bus 10 is operated with the bus width thereof being 64 bits. At the time that a cache miss occurs, a burst transfer access is started for reading data for one line of the cache. Reading data for 256 bits is performed by performing only one burst transfer access, composed of four bus cycles with the bus width of the external data bus 10 being 64 bits.
An explanation will now be given of operation for reading data using a burst transfer access in the case where the required first data 701 has addresses in the range shown in FIG. 7, (for example, the address thereof being "000A" and the data length thereof being 64 bits) and a cache miss occurs. FIG. 8 is a timing chart of the operation.
At the first cycle of burst transfer access data within the bounds of a 64-bit group, in which the first data 701 exists and whose head addresses is "0008" are accessed. In the following accesses, the remaining data within the bounds of the 256-bit group having the first data 701, are successively accessed by wrapping around. Accordingly, burst transfer access is executed in the order of addresses: "0008".fwdarw."0010".fwdarw."0018".fwdarw."0000".
The data given to the external data bus D (0:63) 10 and the D bus 12 shown in FIG. 8(h) and FIG. 8(k) are 64-bit data 801, 802, 803, 804, and 811, 812, 813, 814, respectively, starting from addresses "0008", "0010", "0018", "0000" in order.
The alignment circuit 3 is operated according to the case in FIG. 5 where there is a 64-bit data bus width, the third bit from the lower side of the address being "0". The higher 32 bits of the D bus 12, in the first cycle accessing the address "0008", are latched by the 4A register 40 of the 88 bit register 400, and the lower 32 bits thereof are latched by the 4B register 41 of the same, respectively. The higher 32 bits of the D bus 12 in the second cycle accessing the address "0010" are latched by the 4C register 42.
The bus cycle finishing signal shown in FIG. 8(j) indicates that effective data is on the D bus 12, as well as indicating one end of a bus cycle. The data is latched by registers in the alignment circuit 3 and the cache memory 4 while the signal is asserted. According to the operation, the first data 701 is held by the 4A, 4B, 4C registers 40, 41, 42 which make up the 88-bit register 400, and the 88-bit data is then aligned by the shifter 43 and latched by the register 44 to be outputted to the S bus 13.
In the cache memory 4, the data having been read by a burst transfer access is latched in order by the data registering register 50. Since the addresses to accessed is in order of "0008".fwdarw."0010".fwdarw."0018".fwdarw."0000", the higher 32 bits of the D bus 12 in the first cycle are latched by register 5C of the data registering register 50, the lower 32 bits are latched by register 5D, the higher 32 bits of the D bus 12 in the second cycle are latched by register 5E, the lower 32 bits are latched by register 5F, the higher 32 bits of the D bus 12 in the third cycle are latched by register 5G, the lower 32 bits are latched by register 5H, the higher 32 bits of the D bus 12 in the fourth cycle are latched by register 5A, and the lower 32 bits are latched by register 5B.
Since the bus cycle finishing signal shown in FIG. 8(j) indicates that effective data is on the D bus 12 as well as indicating the end of a bus cycle, the data are latched by each register while the signal is asserted.
When the fourth cycle is finished, the data is registered in the cache memory 4. Accordingly, within the bounds of data the 256-bit group including the first data 701 are registered in the cache.
In the following, an explanation will be given of operation for reading data according to a burst transfer access in the case where the second required 702 has data addresses in the range shown in FIG. 7, (for example, the address thereof being "000E" and the data length thereof being 64 bits) and a cache miss occurs. In the first cycle of the burst transfer access, data within the boundary of the 64-bit group in which the second data 702 exists and whose address is "0008" are accessed by wrapping around. This case is identical to the case where the first data 701 is read. The method for registering in the cache memory 4 is also the same. But the operation of the alignment circuit 3 is different.
The alignment circuit 3 is operated according to the case in FIG. 5 where there is a 64-bit data bus width and the third bit from the lower side of the address is "1". The lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 in the first cycle accessing the address "0008", are latched by the 4A register 40 The higher 32 bits of the D bus 12 of the second cycle accessing the address "0010" are latched by the 4B register 41, and the lower 32 bits are latched by the 4C register 42. According to this operation, the second data is held by the 4A, 4B, 4C registers 40, 41, 42 configuring the 88-bit register 400. The 88-bit data held by the data registering register 50 is aligned by the shifter 43 and then latched by the register 44 to be outputted to the S bus 13.
In the following, an explanation will be given of the case where the bus width of the external data bus 10 is 32 bits. At the time that a cache miss occurs, burst transfer accesses are started two times in order to read data for one line of the cache. Two burst transfer accesses, each composed of four bus cycles with the bus width of the external data bus 10 being 32 bits, allows a read data of 256 bits.
An explanation will next be given of the operation for reading data according to burst transfer accesses in the case where the first data required 701 has addresses in the range shown in FIG. 7 (for example, the address thereof being "000A" and the data length thereof being 64 bits), and a cache miss occurs. FIG. 9 is a timing chart showing the operation.
At the first cycle of the first burst transfer access data within the bounds of the 32-bit group, in which the remaining first data 701 exists and whose head address is "0008", are accessed. In the following accesses the remainder of data within the 128-bit group is successively accessed by wrapping around.
At the first cycle of the second burst transfer access, data within the bounds of the 32 bit group, in which the remaining first data exits and whose head address is "0010", are accessed In the following accesses, the remainder of data within the bounds of the 128 bit group are successively accessed by wrapping around.
Accordingly, the first burst transfer access is performed in the order of addresses: "0008".fwdarw."000C".fwdarw."0000".fwdarw."0004" and the second burst access is performed in the order of addresses: "0010".fwdarw."0014".fwdarw."0018".fwdarw."0001C", respectively.
The data 901 through 908 and 911-918 given to the external data bus D (0:63) 10 and D bus 12 shown in FIG. 9(h) and (k), respectively, are 32-bit data starting from "0008", "000C", "0000", "0004", "0010", "0014", "0018", and "001C". Each of the data 901-908 is on the buses 10L and 12L, i.e., the lower 32-bits of the data buses.
The alignment circuit 3 is operated according to the case in FIG. 7 where there is a 32-bit data bus width. The lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 in the first cycle of the first burst transfer access where the address "0008" is accessed, is latched by the 4A register 40. The lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 in the second cycle where the address "000C" is addressed, are latched by the 4B register 41. The lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 in the first cycle of the second burst transfer access where the address "0010" is accessed, are latched by the 4C register 42.
The bus cycle finish signal shown in FIG. 9(j) indicates that effective data is on the D bus 12, as well as indicating the end of a bus cycle. The data is latched by registers in the alignment circuit 3 and the cache memory 4 while this signal is asserted. According to this operation, the first data 701 is held by the 4A, 4B, 4C registers 40, 41, 42 which make up the 88-bit register 400. This 88-bit data is latched by the register 44 after it is aligned by the shifter 43 to be outputted to the S bus 13.
In the cache memory 4, the data read during burst transfer access is latched sequentially in the data registering register 50. Since the order of the addresses to be accessed in the first burst transfer access is "0008".fwdarw."000C".fwdarw."0000".fwdarw."0004", the lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 in the first cycle are latched by register 5C of the data registering register 50, the lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 in the second cycle are latched by register 5D, the lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 in the third cycle are latched by register 5A, and the lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 in the fourth cycle are latched by register 5B. Since the order of the addresses to be accessed in the second burst transfer access is "0010".fwdarw."0014".fwdarw."0018".fwdarw."001C" the lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 in the first cycle are latched by register 5E of the data registering register 50, the lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 in the second cycle are latched by register 5F, the lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 in the third cycle are latched by register 5G and the lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 in the fourth cycle are latched by register 5H.
The bus cycle finish signal shown in FIG. 9(j) indicates that effective data is on the D bus 12 as well as indicating an end of a bus cycle. The data is latched in the register while this signal is asserted.
When the fourth cycle of the second burst transfer access is finished, data is registered in the cache memory 4. Thus, data within the bounds of the 256-bit group, including the first data, 701 is registered in the cache.
An explanation will next be given of the operation in which data is read by a burst transfer access in the cache where required second data 702 has addresses in the range shown in FIG. 7, the address thereof being "000E" and the data length thereof being 64 bits and where a cache miss occurs.
At the first cycle of the first burst transfer access data within the bounds of the 32-bit group, in which the first data 701 exists and whose head address is "000C", is accessed. In the succeeding accesses, the remaining data within the bounds of the 128-bit group having the first data 701 are sequentially accessed by wrapping around. Accordingly, the first burst transfer access is performed in the order of addresses: "000C".fwdarw."0000".fwdarw."0004".fwdarw."0008". The second burst transfer access is the same as the case of the first data 701. Since the order of the addresses in the first transfer accessing is different, the operation at the alignment circuit 3 and the operation of registering to the cache memory 4 are also different.
The alignment circuit 3 is operated identically to the case where there is a 32-bit data bus width, shown in FIG. 5. The lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 during the first cycle of the first burst transfer access, where the address "000C" is accessed, is latched by register 4A (40). The lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 in the second cycle of the second burst transfer access where the address "0010" is accessed, is latched by register 4B (41). The lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 during the second burst transfer access where the address "0014" is accessed, is latched by register 4C (42).
In the cache memory 4, the data read by burst transfer access is sequentially latched in the data registering register 50. Since the order of the addresses to be accessed in the first transfer access is "000C".fwdarw."0000".fwdarw."0004".fwdarw."0008", the lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 during the first cycle are latched by register 5D of the data registering register 50, the lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 during the second cycle are latched by register 5A, the lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 during the third cycle are latched by register 5B, and the lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 during the fourth cycle are latched by register 5C. Since the order of the addresses to be accessed in the second burst transfer accessing is "0010".fwdarw."0014".fwdarw."0018".fwdarw."001C", the lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 during the first cycle are latched by register 5E of the data registering register 50, the lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 during the second cycle are latched by register 5F, the lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 during the third cycle are latched by register 5G, and the lower 32 bits of the D bus 12 during the fourth cycle are latched by register 5H.
When the fourth cycle of the second burst transfer access is finished, data is registered in the cache memory 4. Thus, data which is within the bounds of the 256-bit group including the second data 702 are registered in the cache.
In the ..conventional.!. data processor, the controlling method of the internal function circuits such as alignment circuit, cache memory, and internal data operation circuit, is changed to correspond to the bus width of the external data bus (which can be changed according to the static bus-sizing function). And, as aforementioned, in order to read only the data required for registering to the cache memory, the data processor is so operated as to change the number of times burst transfer access is performed, responsive to the bus width of the external data bus. The internal data operation circuit transmits addresses to the bus interface to request accessing. The internal data operation circuit, however, so controls as to request only one access when the bus width of the external data bus to be used is 64 bits and to request two accesses when the bus width thereof is 32 bits.
Accordingly, in the ..conventional.!. data processor, it is necessary for the internal function circuit of the microprocessor to be operated under the control of different procedures corresponding to the bus width of the external data bus indicated by the bus-sizing function. Because of this, the internal function circuit is complicated.


The present invention provides a collapsible, portable, tripod chair.

1. Field of the Invention (Technical Field)
The present invention relates to a collapsible, portable, tripod chair.
2. Description of Related Art
Note that the following discussion refers to a number of publications by author(s) and year of publication, and that due to recent publication dates certain publications are not to be considered as prior art vis-a-vis the present invention. Discussion of such publications herein is given for more complete background and is not to be construed as an admission that such publications are prior art for patentability determination purposes.
Numerous collapsible and easily transportable chairs and stools are known for use during outdoor activities or spectator activities. A fairly common design incorporates a tripod leg configuration in which the three legs are joined at their center and over which a flexible material spans the tops of the three legs to form a seat.
Examples of such seats include the collapsible seat of U.S. Pat. No. 6,871,905 is designed to provide increased ground support to prevent instability of the seat in, for example, soft soil, and to provide for an increased, load carrying capacity. The stool of U.S. Pat. No. 4,934,638 is designed to be reduced to a small size when not in use by using telescoping legs and to provide good stability by minimizing the movement of the legs with respect to each other.
However, the chairs of the prior art do not provide for the light weight and small size necessary for easy portability during extended periods of time such as during backpacking expeditions or during long days at amusement parks where standing in line is common. Designs that provide for small size and light weight compromise strength and stability.
Therefore, there is a need for a chair that is easily portable, light, and strong.


Cosmetic brush (11) is extensibly received in cosmetic container to pick up cosmetic (2) from lid (1) without being damaged. Lid (1) is engaged with and disengaged from body (10) without fail. Body (10) is constructed of: lift sleeve (14) holding the brush (11); intermediate sleeve (15) with neck (17) cooperating with lid (1) to realize threadable engagement therebetween; and outer sleeve (25) with spiral groove (26) which is a part of a telescopic mechanism for extending and retracting the brush (11) from intermediate sleeve (15). Threadable engagement is larger in frictional resistance than the telescopic mechanism to make it possible: to move first the brush (11) when the lid (1) is rotated; and, then to disengage the lid (1) from intermediate sleeve (15) after the brush (11) press-contacts with the cosmetic (2) and is prevented from moving upward.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a cosmetic container of a stick type, which is suitable for portable use and constructed of: a lid element which holds therein a cosmetic such as a solid one, a powdered one such as a cheek rouge, a presto powder, a face powder and like cosmetics; and, a main body element engaged with the lid element, wherein a cosmetic brush is extensibly mounted in the main body element and extended upward from the main body element by means of a telescopic mechanism of the main body element when the cosmetic stored in the lid element is picked up by the cosmetic brush in use.
2. Description of the Related Art
One of conventional cosmetic containers of a stick type is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. Hei 6-30106, for example. This conventional one comprises an applicator container and a cosmetic container. The applicator container (herein after referred to as "main body element") stores therein an applicator (hereinafter referred to as "cosmetic brush"), wherein the cosmetic brush is extensibly mounted in the main body element and extended downward from the main body element by means of a telescopic mechanism of the main body element when a cosmetic stored in the lid element is picked up by the cosmetic brush.
In use, the cosmetic brush is extended downward from the main body element by operating the telescopic mechanism of the main body element to have a lower end portion of the cosmetic brush brought into press-contact with the cosmetic of the lid element, so that the cosmetic in the lid element is partially transferred to the lower end portion of the cosmetic brush through frictional contact between the cosmetic and the cosmetic brush. The operation the telescopic mechanism of the main body element described above is effected by rotating the main body element relative to the lid element held stationary. Under such circumstances, the cosmetic brush is further extended downward from the main body element.
Due to this, the main body element is pushed upward relative to the lid element as a result of the reaction to the cosmetic brush's downward push on the cosmetic of the lid element held stationary by the user, so that the main body element has an engaging portion of its sleeve component disengaged from the lid element. At this time, since the cosmetic brush has already picked up the cosmetic of the lid element through friction contact between the cosmetic brush and the cosmetic stored in the lid element, it is possible for the user to apply the thus picked up cosmetic to his or her face using the cosmetic brush.
However, the conventional cosmetic container suffers from serious damage to the cosmetic brush resulted from failure in disengagement of the main body element from the lid element. More specifically, in use, the main body element is rotated relative to the lid element to move its cosmetic brush downward and brought into press-contact with the cosmetic stored in the lid element. At this time, when the user does not pull up the main body relative to the lid element held stationary by the user, further rotation of the main body element relative to the lid element leads to the cosmetic brush's excessive pressure onto the cosmetic in the lid element, which causes seriously damage to the cosmetic brush. One of examples of such serious damage to the cosmetic brush is a mushroom-like deformation of the lower portion of the cosmetic brush.
In addition to the above problem, the above-mentioned further rotation of the main body element relative to the lid element also leads to transfer of an excessive amount of the cosmetic to the cosmetic brush in use. Such excessive transfer of the cosmetic to the cosmetic brush is further enhanced by the mushroom-like deformation of the lower portion of the cosmetic brush.
Further, after use of the conventional cosmetic container, when the main body element is engaged again with the lid element, there is a fear that a considerable amount of the cosmetic is emitted from the lid element due to a so-called "piston effect" of the main body element inserted into the lid element. This is further another problem inherent in the conventional cosmetic container.


Provided is a camera optical lens including first to fifth lenses. The camera optical lens satisfies: 0.35≤f1/f≤0.65; 2.00≤f5/f≤4.00; 0.90≤d6/d8≤1.30; and −10.00≤(R5+R6)/(R5−R6)≤−2.00, where f denotes a focal length of the camera optical lens; f1 denotes a focal length of the first lens; f5 denotes a focal length of the fifth lens; d6 denotes an on-axis distance from an image side surface of the third lens to an object side surface of the fourth lens; d8 denotes an on-axis distance from an image side surface of the fourth lens to an object side surface of the fifth lens; and R5 and R6 respectively denote curvature radiuses of an object side surface and an image side surface of the third lens. The camera optical lens can achieve good optical performance while satisfying design requirements for ultra-thin, long-focal-length lenses having large apertures.

With the emergence of smart phones in recent years, the demand for miniature camera optical lens is increasingly higher, but in general the photosensitive devices of camera optical lens are nothing more than Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) or Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Sensors (CMOS sensors). As the progress of the semiconductor manufacturing technology makes the pixel size of the photosensitive devices become smaller, plus the current development trend of electronic products towards better functions and thinner and smaller dimensions, miniature camera optical lenses with good imaging quality have become a mainstream in the market.
In order to obtain better imaging quality, the lens that is conventionally equipped in mobile phone cameras adopts a three-piece or four-piece lens structure. Also, with the development of technology and the increasingly diverse demands from users, the pixel area of photosensitive devices is becoming smaller and smaller and the requirement of the system on the imaging quality is improving constantly, such that a five-piece lens structure gradually emerges in lens designs. It is urgent to provide a camera optical lens with excellent optical characteristics, ultra-thin and long-focal-length.


A code pattern such as a self-clocking glyph code pattern is parameterized in at least three dimensions by parallel propagating, unique numeric sequences.

Self-clocking glyph codes, such as Xerox DataGlyphs, are attractive for embedding machine readable digital information in images of various types, including ordinary hardcopy documents. These codes have substantial tolerance to image distortion and noise because the digital information they encode is embedded in and fully defined by explicit machine readable marks (i.e., "glyphs"). These glyphs not only encode the information that is embedded in the code, but also define the sample clock that is employed to extract that information from the code, so they are responsible for the "self-clocking" property of the code as well as the distortion and noise tolerance.
Another known advantage of self-clocking glyph codes is that they ordinarily have an unobtrusive visual appearance. This is especially so of codes which are composed of glyphs which are written on a two dimensional spatially periodic pattern of centers, such as a regular lattice-like pattern of centers, because the spatial periodicity of the glyphs causes the code to have a more or less uniformly textured appearance. For example, logically ordered single bit digital quanta typically are encoded by respective elongated slash-like glyphs which are written on a two dimensional, spatially periodic pattern of centers in accordance with a predetermined spatial formatting rule, with the individual glyphs being tilted to the left and right of vertical by approximately +45.degree. and -45.degree. for encoding logical "0's" and "1's", respectively. The mutual orthogonality of the glyph encodings for the two logical states of these single bit digital quanta enhances the discriminability of the code sufficiently to enable the embedded information to be recovered, even when the code pattern is written on a sufficiently fine grain pattern of center to cause the code pattern to have a generally uniform grayscale appearance. It, however, is to be noted that it also has been shown that self-clocking glyph codes can be designed to encode multibit digital quanta in the glyphs.
Prior proposals have dealt with the general subject of constructing address spaces in the image domain by encoding cyclical pseudo-noise digital bit sequences (sometimes referred to as "PN sequences") and other types of maximal length-like digital bit sequences (i.e., sequences of length, L, in which every N-bit long subsequence is unique) in two dimensional spatially periodic self-clocking glyph code patterns. One of the unifying themes of these prior proposals is that they recommend constructing two dimensional address spaces by mapping at least two bit sequences of the foregoing type into such a code pattern so that these bit sequences are encoded to propagate in predetermined directions along respective non-parallel lines of glyphs. While it has been shown that the bit sequences need not be mapped into the code pattern in alignment with the principal axes thereof, it often is desirable to employ such mappings to reduce the computations that are required to determine the relative addresses of the glyphs in standard Cartesian coordinates (i.e., "x" and "y" parameters expressed in units of glyphs). Furthermore, it is known that the encodings of these bit sequences may completely or partially span the glyph code pattern, so it is to be understood that the addressing that is afforded by them is effective only within that portion of the glyph code pattern that projects onto both of the encodings. Moreover, the aforementioned bit sequences may be mapped into the glyphs on these non-parallel lines at unitary or fractional duty ratios, but it has been recognized that mappings preferably are spatially cyclical for applications in which it is desired to compute relative addresses for glyphs within the address space.
Every bit in a maximal bit length sequence resides at a predetermined uniquely determinable logical position within the sequence. Accordingly, an ordered index of integers is commonly employed to distinguish those bits from each other on the basis of their respective ordinal logical positions within the sequence. These positionally dependent index numbers can, of course, be employed for selectively addressing the glyphs which encode the bits of such a sequence. However, addressing information in at least one additional dimension is required to uniquely identify the spatial locations of those glyphs or any other glyphs that are included within a two dimensional glyph code pattern. These unique identifiers of the individual glyphs are referred to as "absolute addresses" because they identify the unique locations at which the individual glyphs reside within the glyph code pattern.
As is known, the spatial address (i.e., the absolute address) of almost any given glyph in an address space of the foregoing type is identifiable, at least to a first approximation, by a metric which specifies the offset distances (if any) between the nominal center of the given glyph and the non-parallel lines of glyphs that encode the respective maximal length bit sequences, where these offsets are measured parallel to the principal axes of the code pattern and are expressed in units of glyphs. In applications where the maximal length sequences are encoded by glyphs on orthogonal lines which align with the principal axes of a self-clocking glyph code pattern that is written on a regular rectangular lattice of centers, the above-described metric reduces to an x/y coordinate pair which identifies the spatial location of the given glyph with substantial precision in a standard Cartesian coordinate system. Unfortunately, however, the intersections of the lines on which these maximal bit length sequences are encoded tend to restrict the freedom of design choice if there are glyphs at any of these intersections.
It has been shown that this unwanted limitation on the explicit spatial addressing of glyphs in self-clocking glyph code patterns can be avoided if the glyphs are written on a lattice of centers of predetermined width and/or height, so that there are a known or determinable fixed number of glyphs on every line of the code pattern along at least one of those dimensions. More particularly the solution that has been proposed for this special class of code patterns is to encode a maximal length bit sequence (or a combination of interleaved, relatively prime maximal length bit sequences) in the glyphs in a raster-like pattern which is selected to cause the logically ordered bits of the sequence to spatially propagate from side-to-side along a known dimension (say, the width) of the code pattern which while more gradually propagating along the other (e.g., the height) of the code pattern in, say, top-to-bottom order. This raster encoding of the maximal length bit sequence effectively "folds" the bit sequence into the code pattern module a known or computable number of glyphs (i.e., the number of glyphs that the code pattern contains along its known dimension). Accordingly, the spatial address of any given glyph within the code pattern can be computed in x/y coordinate space from the sequence index number of the bit that is encoded by the glyph by dividing the sequence index number of the bit by the known glyph count/line modules.
Unfortunately, this raster encoding style solution to the spatial addressing problem is not only limited to a constrained class of code patterns, but also tends to be computationally costly. The computational costs of this approach are elevated because the subsequence bit length, N, over which the maximal length bit sequence must be unique scales as a function of the square root of the address space that is being served. This scaling is an inherent consequence of the fact that the number of unique phases (or "bit index positions") of a maximal length bit sequence is given by N.sup.2 -1.
Clearly, therefore, it would be desirable to have a more flexible technique for embedding logically ordered address information in some or all of the glyphs of self-clocking glyph code patterns for more computationally efficiently identifying the unique spatial locations of individual glyphs within such code patterns. Moreover, it would be desirable to parameterize these code patterns N-dimensional space, wherein is .gtoreq.2.

Parallel propagating embedded binary sequences for parameterizing two dimensional image domain code patterns in N-dimensional address space


This invention provides a thin, light assembly for a LCD, light guide and circuitry by using an internal frame with a central opening, above which is mounted a LCD and below which is mounted a light guide for directing light through the opening into the display. To one side of the light guide is mounted a light bulb for introducing light into the light guide. The internal frame also supports mounting of circuitry adjacent and coupled to the LCD.

This invention relates to a mechanical assembly for mounting a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), light guide and electronic circuitry on an internal frame. This assembly provides a single package of low thickness and low weight, while retaining high strength, stiffness and support.
FIG. 1 shows a cross section view of a conventional assembly of a LCD, light guide and circuitry. A LCD 10 commonly has two sheets of glass separated by a sealed-in, liquid crystal material. The application of electrical voltages to this material changes its optical characteristics. By providing a large number of electrically conductive traces on the glass to control individual segments of this material, a display panel can be formed for the display of text and graphics.
While a LCD 10 can rely solely on ambient light falling upon it to be reflected to the viewer, additional viewing flexibility can be provided by using a "backlight" usually situated behind the LCD 10 and directing light through the LCD 10 to the viewer. A common form of backlight shown in FIG. 1 has a Cold Cathode Fluorescent (CCF) light bulb 12 mounted to one side of the LCD 10, whose light is brought underneath and directed upward through the LCD 10 by a plastic light guide 14 that conducts the light sideways and evenly diffuses the light upwards. Light guide 14 can be made of acrylic, polycarbonate or polystyrene with appropriate grooves, scoring, or dispersed material to diffuse light upward into the LCD 10.
It should be noted that a LCD 10 and light guide 14 cannot be directly mounted to each other, since the LCD glass and light guide acrylic have widely different coefficients of expansion with variation in temperature. A directly adhered LCD 10 and light guide 14 would buckle or flex with temperature changes, or would result in damage to the softer light guide material as the LCD glass resisted expansion. Conventional assemblies, such as FIG. 1, use a "wrap-around" metal frame 16 that encloses a LCD 10 against a light guide 14, separated by spacers 15. This conventional assembly allows the individual expansion and contraction of the LCD glass and plastic light guide. These conventional assemblies are quite thick, and heavy as the metal frame 16 adds a layer of metal both above and below, and has metal frame 16 surrounding the entire circumference of the assembly. It is desired to reduce the thickness and weight of these assemblies since they are frequently used in portable equipment.
There is electronic circuitry 18 associated with driving and controlling the LCD 10, and it is desirable to position this circuitry close to the LCD 10 where the large number of electrically conductive traces from LCD 10 are easily accessible. In conventional assemblies as shown in FIG. 1, this circuitry 18 is mounted on a circuitry board 19 below the light guide 14. This requires a large number of interconnections around the edge of the light guide 14 up to the LCD 10 by means of a flexible interconnect, multiconductor flat cable, or "flex-circuit" not shown in FIG. 1. This additional interconnect adds to the complexity, thickness, and cost of the assembly. Alternatively, the circuitry 18 and circuitry board 19 can be mounted at the edge of the LCD 10. This edge position requires that the circuitry 18 and circuitry board 19 be contained within the "wrap-around" metal frame 16, which further increases its size and weight.

Internal frame for a liquid crystal display not extending to the upper surface thereof, light guide and circuitry assembly


There is provided a light emitting device including a plurality of nanoscale light emitting structures spaced apart from one another on a first conductivity-type semiconductor base layer, the plurality of nanoscale light emitting structures each including a first conductivity-type semiconductor core, an active layer and a second conductivity-type semiconductor layer, and an electrode connected to the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer. The electrode is disposed between a first nanoscale light emitting structure and a second nanoscale light emitting structure among the plurality of nanoscale light emitting structures, and the electrode has a height lower than a height of the plurality of nanoscale light emitting structures.

Aspects of embodiments relate to a semiconductor light emitting device and an illumination apparatus including the same.
A light emitting diode (LED), widely seen as a next generation light source, has many positive attributes such as a relatively long lifespan, relatively low power consumption, a rapid response rate, environmentally friendly characteristics, and the like, as compared to a light source according to the related art, and has been used as an important light source in various products such as illumination devices, back light units for display devices, and the like. In particular, group III nitride-based LEDs including gallium nitride (GaN)-based LEDs, aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN)-based LEDs, indium gallium nitride (InGaN)-based LEDs, indium aluminum gallium nitride (InAlGaN)-based LEDs, and the like have been used in semiconductor light emitting devices outputting blue or ultraviolet light.
Recently, as LEDs have come into widespread use, the range of uses thereof is being broadened to encompass the field of high current, high output light sources. As described above, as LEDs are required in the field of high current, high output light sources, research into improving light emitting characteristics in the field of the present technology has continued and there have been efforts to improve growth conditions for multiple quantum well (MQW) structures and to improve the crystalline properties of semiconductor layers. In particular, in order to increase light efficiency through improvements in crystalline properties and increases in light emission regions, a light emitting device including a nanoscale light emitting structure and technology for the manufacturing thereof have been proposed.

Semiconductor light emitting device and illumination apparatus including the same


Provided is an endless belt-shaped metal substrate, which can be used for a fixing member. The metal substrate includes an austenitic stainless alloy that contains copper and unavoidable impurities, in which the austenitic stainless alloy has a martensite ratio of less than 20%, and includes an austenitic phase as a matrix and a Cu-rich phase dispersed in the matrix, the Cu-rich phase extending in a direction perpendicular to a circumferential direction of the metal substrate.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an endless belt-shaped metal substrate that can be used as a substrate of a fixing member having an endless belt shape to be used for heat fixing of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus and the like. The present invention also relates to a fixing member and a heat-fixing device, which use the endless belt-shaped metal substrate.
2. Description of the Related Art
Currently, some heat-fixing devices included in electrophotographic image forming apparatus adopt a belt heating system capable of suppressing power consumption.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of a typical belt heating type heat-fixing device. The heat-fixing device includes a fixing belt 11 serving as a fixing member, a pressure roller 20 serving as a pressure member disposed so as to be opposed to the fixing member, and a ceramic heater 12 serving as a heating unit disposed in contact with an inner peripheral surface of the fixing belt 11. The fixing belt 11 and the pressure roller 20 form a fixing nip part N, and a recording material 30 bearing an unfixed toner image T is guided into the fixing nip part N so that toner forming the unfixed toner image T is melted to fix a toner image onto the recording material 30.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the fixing member (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "fixing belt") 11 having an endless belt shape. The fixing belt 11 is formed of substantially three layers of a substrate 101, an elastic layer 102, and a surface layer 103 such as a releasing layer in the stated order from the ceramic heater 12 side. As the substrate 101, an endless belt-shaped thin metal substrate (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "metal belt") having high heat conductivity is used.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of the fixing belt 11 that is subjected to bending strain in the belt heating type heat-fixing device. In the belt heating system, when the fixing belt 11 passes through the fixing nip part N, the fixing belt 11 is subjected to bending in a circumferential direction on an inlet side and an outlet side. The fixing belt 11 conveyed by a driving roller is repeatedly inserted into the fixing nip part N and thus is repeatedly subjected to the bending.
When the fixing belt 11 is repeatedly subjected to the bending, a fatigue failure may be caused in the metallic substrate of the fixing belt 11. Therefore, in order to enhance the durability of the fixing belt 11, it is necessary to further improve bending resistance also in the metal belt.
In this case, as a material for the metal belt, a relatively inexpensive austenitic stainless-steel sheet having satisfactory processability is used (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-241891).
A metastable austenitic stainless-steel sheet such as SUS304 can be thinned by plastic forming relatively easily. Further, in such a stainless-steel sheet, at least a part of an austenite phase is transformed into a martensite phase due to plastic forming (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "strain induced transformation"). The martensite phase formed by the strain induced transformation (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "strain induced martensite phase") has a high hardness as compared to the austenite phase, and hence can be formed into a metal substrate having a relatively high surface hardness.
In a metal belt obtained by subjecting a stainless-steel sheet having a high transformation ratio of an austenite phase into a martensite phase after plastic forming (hereinafter referred to as "martensite transformation ratio") to plastic forming, an increase in tensile strength and suppression of a fatigue failure caused by repeated bending are expected due to the formation of the strain induced martensite phase, as described above.
However, according to the investigations conducted by the present inventors, although the metal belt having a martensite ratio increased by strain induced transformation exhibits high tensile strength, there is a high probability that a fatigue failure such as a crack may occur when the metal belt is repeatedly bent. The present inventors have recognized that, in particular, in the case where the stainless-steel sheet is processed into a thin metal belt having a thickness of from 10 to 100 μm, the number of repetitions before the fatigue failure is caused by the repeated bending (product lifetime) varies significantly, resulting in poor reliability.
In view of the foregoing, the present invention is directed to providing a metal substrate for a fixing member in which a fatigue failure is not easily caused by repeated bending.
Further, the present invention is also directed to providing a fixing member and a heat-fixing device, which contribute to the stable formation of a high-quality electrophotographic image.

Metal substrate, fixing member, and heat-fixing device


The invention relates to a preparation containing several amino acids and plant extracts and its alcohol detoxification activity. The component (a) in the preparation contains a mixture of two or more amino acids or derivatives thereof; the component (b) in the preparation contains a mixture of three or more extracts from plants. There are several plant extracts used in this invention such as the extract of ginseng radix, the extract of ginkgo biloba leaf, the extract of Silibinin, the extract of barberry wolfberry fruit and tea polyphenosis. The invention also relates to the biological activities of said preparation, such as the liver protection from chemical injury, the tolerance enhancement of hypoxy and the rapid decrease till elimination of the blood alcohol content.

It is known that L-ornithine and citrulline are involved in at least three important annular metabolic pathways in the human body. The three metabolic pathways are respectively the urea circulation, the citric acid circulation and the nitric oxide circulation. By taking L-ornithine and citrulline, the endogenous biomolecular messenger nitrogen monoxide (NO) can be obtained through the related metabolic pathway. The blood circulation system in the human body cannot function without the vasodilation function of NO, the endogenous NO has the adjustment and control function on multiple physiological functions, for example, the energy among nerve synapses can be adjusted; and the learning and memorization process can be adjusted, etc.
The endogenous NO in the human body is generated by catalyzing L-arginine (L-Arg) to be decomposed by nitric oxide synthetase (NOS). L-Arg is an important substance in the human body, in addition to the NO generation and the participation in protein synthesis, L-Arg is also the precursor of urea, praline, agmatine, polyamine and the like and can stimulate the secretion of hormone, such as auxina and insulin to directly influence the health of the human body. When the human body is under special stress conditions, for example, under hypoxia condition, the endogenous NO in the human body is insufficient, which can cause altitude reaction or sickness.
Besides the effects of altitude reaction and ischemia-reperfusion injury prevention and treatment and cardio-cerebral-vascular system and immune system protection, L-Arg can prolong the mice burden swimming time and reduce the accumulation of lactic acid caused by anaerobic glycolysis, therefore to perform the anti-fatigue function.
However, because the half-life period of the taken L-arginine (L-Arg) is very short (only approximately one hour) the direct replenishment of arginine cannot effectively increase the arginine concentration in the blood and the cells.
It is known that L-citrulline (L-cit) is a non-protein amino acid and has a plurality of important physiological functions, such as free radical removal, vasodilatation and blood pressure stabilization, moreover, the endogenous arginine (L-Arg) and NO can be continually generated through the L-cit-NO circulation in the human body to ensure the endosomatic arginine level to be obviously enhanced and to maintain at a higher foundation level simultaneously, thus, the hypoxia tolerance of the organism is enhanced.
L-ornithine is an important non-protein amino acid existing in tissues and cells and is also the precursor substance for metabolism of arginine, citrulline and other amino acids. L-ornithine almost participates in the entire processes of urea cycle activation and ammonia disintoxication, facilitates the synthesis of carbamyl phosphate synthetase and glutamine and increases the disintoxication function of the liver; therefore, L-ornithine is significant to the liver cells in the human body.
The ginseng siccus extract comes from the dried root and radix and rhizomea ginseng of Panax ginseng C.A Mey. or radix and rhizomea ginseng rubra Panaxoside. The main active ingredient, the ginseng extract can obviously protect the liver cell from chemical injury; the animal experiment proved that panaxoside can also protect the brain cell from the ischemia-reperfusion injury and has obvious improving effect on the chemical learning and memorization functional disorder of animals.
The ginkgo siccus extract comes from the folium ginkgo of ginkgo biloba L. The ginkgo siccus extract can prevent the abnormal metabolism of NO by reducing the Ca2+ level, protects from the glutamate neurotoxicity, antagonizes the platelet activating factors and has the protective function on the brain tissue with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, protects the liver and has transaminase reduction effects.
Silibinin, coming from the seed of Silybum marianum (L.), is a powerful free radical scavenger and an inhibitor of lipid peroxidation that has protective, healing and detoxification effects on the liver. Silibinin's activities on the enzyme enhancing and membrane stabilizing of the liver cell helps in reducing and repairing the damage to the liver that alcohol, a high fat diet, the tobacco consumption and many prescription medicines can causes.
The extract of fructus lycii comes from the Fructus jujubae of Lycium barbarum L. The fructus lycii is the usual traditional Chinese medicine for liver and kidney tonification, the color is scarlet and the flavor is sweet. Modern medical research have proven that the fructus lycii contains betaine, polysaccharide, crude fat, crude protein, carotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, calcium (C), phosphorus (P), Ferro (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), linoleic acid and other nutrient contents. Extract of fructus lycii has promotes the hematopoietic function and has anti-ageing, anti-mutation, anti-tumor, anti-fatty liver and blood glucose level reduction functions. The herbalist doctor often uses fructus lycii to treat Yin deficiency of liver and kidney, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, dizziness, morbid forgetfulness, blurred vision, hypopsia and overflow of tears, thirst quenching, spermatorrhea and other illness symptoms. For the people having a kidney deficiency, fructus lycii is undoubtedly a kind of healthcare nutriment. Fructus lycii is the optimum selection for health preservation from ancient time to modern time and has the life lengthening function.
Tea polyphenols is the general term of the polyphenol substances contained in the tea leaf, including flavanol class, anthocyanin class, anthoxanthin class, flavonol class, phenolic acid class and the like, wherein, the flavanol substance (catechin) is the most important. Tea polyphenols is also called tea tannide or tea tannin, which is the major component which forms the colour, smell and flavour of the tea leaf and is also the major component having the healthcare function in the tea leaf. Tea polyphenols has detoxification and radio resistance effects and can effectively block radio material from invading the bone marrow and can cause strontium (Sr) 90 and cobalt (Co) 60 to be quickly discharged from the body, therefore, it is honoured as Radiation Invincible Opponent and builds a defensive line for resisting to radiation injury for the health of human. The tea polyphenols have the cerebral stroke prevention, intestine and stomach tension relieving and digestion aiding functions and can clean the superfluous free radical in the human body, inhibit lipid peroxidation, enhance immunologic function and postpone senility.
Some compositions comprising herbs and/or other natural substances are already know from the prior art, this includes for example the compositions described in DATABASE TCM [Online] SIPO; 29 Oct. 2003 (2003 Oct. 29), Youmao Qi: "A pharmaceutical composition, and its usage" XP002585364 Database accession no. CN 1451426, or DATABASE TCM [Online] SIPO; 13 Oct. 2004 (2004 Oct. 13), Yiguo Liu et al: "A kind of rubber seed jelly" XP002585369 Database accession no. CN1 535617, as well as US 2005/01 9427 A1, or DATABASE TCM [Online] SIPO; 26 Jan. 2005 (2005 Jan. 26), Jinxue Cheng: "Oral functional Chinese medicine intensified by snake, bee, macroelement and microelement and its preparation" XP002585371 Database accession no. CN 1569123. Some other compositions are described in DATABASE TCM [Online] SIPO; 23 Nov. 2005 (2005 Nov. 23), Yimin Lin: "A product used for relieving alcoholic intoxication and protecting liver and its preparation method" XP002585357 Database accession no. CN 1698879, as well as WO 99/61 038 A1; DATABASE TCM [Online] 3 Dec. 1997 (1997 Dec. 3), Xiaolin Xia: "Composite of zinc containing compound and glutaminase/A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of peptic ulcer" XP002585373 Database accession no. CN 1166320 as well as DE 19929993 A1, or DATABASE TCM [Online] 29 Jul. 1998 (1998 Jul. 29), Dahan Industry Corp.: "Hepatoprotective wine and process for preparation thereof" XP002585383 Database accession no. CN 1188800
However there is a still a need for an effective and safe composition for the treatment or the alleviation of alcohol intoxication.

Preparation comprising amino acids and plants and its activity in the alcohol detoxification