A process for the dissolution of cured polyester resins is disclosed. A cured polyester resin may be dissolved, or removed from a substrate, by contacting the polyester resin with an alkylene carbonate, alone or as a co-solvent with one or more other solvents in which the cured polyester resin is at least partially soluble.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to solvents for loosening or removing cured fiberglass resin from tools, processing equipment and other substrates.
2. Description of Related Methods
A variety of solvents have been used to clean processing equipment, metal parts and tools after a polyester resin (fiberglass) has cured on them. Acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and diacetone alcohol are the solvents most commonly used to remove cured polyester resin from the substrates to which it is attached. However, acetone and methyl ethyl ketone are not favored because of safety hazards resulting from their high volatilities and low flash points. Additionally, acetone and methyl ethyl ketone currently are suspected neurotoxins. Diacetone alcohol is very polar, and therefore presents processing problems when used alone. Thus, it would be a substantial improvement in the art if a relatively inexpensive yet effective solvent formulation were available to remove cured polyester resins from substrates, and that reduced or avoided the environmental, health and safety problems of the prior art solvent formulations.
Applicant has discovered, surprisingly, that a cured polyester resin may be removed from a substrate by contacting the polyester resin with an alkylene carbonate, alone or as a co-solvent in a mixture containing one or more other solvents. The present inventive process, by substituting, in whole or in part, alkylene carbonate for the more hazardous prior art solvents, reduces or avoids many of the health, safety and environmental hazards associated with the prior art solvents, and is economically attractive as well.

Process for removing cured fiberglass resin from substrates


A magnetic memory element includes a pinned layer, a tunneling barrier layer, a free layer and a stabilizing layer. The tunneling barrier layer is disposed on the pinned layer. The free layer is disposed on the tunneling barrier layer. The stabilizing layer is disposed on the free layer.

1. Technical Field
The disclosure is related to a magnetic memory element, and in particular to a magnetic memory element utilizing spin transfer switching.
2. Description of Related Art
The magnetic random access memory (MRAM) has the advantages such as non-volatility, high density, high reading and writing speeds, and radiation resistance. When the conventional magnetic memory writes data, generally a magnetic memory cell selected by the intersection of induction magnetic fields of a write bit line (BL) and a write word line (WWL) is used to change a magnetoresistance (MR) of the magnetic memory by changing a magnetized vector direction of the free layer. When reading a memory data, a reading current flows into the selected magnetic memory cell. Afterwards, a detected resistance of the magnetic memory cell is used to determine a digital value of the memory data.
A conventional magnetic memory cell is a stacked structure formed by stacking a pinning layer of an anti-ferromagnetic material, a pinned layer of ferromagnetic/non-magnetic metal/ferromagnetic layers, a tunneling barrier layer and a free layer of a magnetic material. Through the high or low magnetoresistance (MR) derived from magnetized directions of the pinned layer and the free layer being in parallel or anti-parallel, data of a logic state "0" or a logic state "1" are recorded.
As the CMOS technique keeps influencing advanced technology and in order to respond to high-density MRAM designs, a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) element of the MRAM also continues shrinking in its size. For the conventional asteroid mode and the toggle mode MTJ elements, when their sizes reduce, a switching field of the free layer in the MTJ elements continues to rise, and the operating margin reduces or even disappears. Therefore, how to enhance write selectivity and reduce write currents have always been the most notable obstacles developing magnetic memories has ever encountered.
The spin torque transfer random access memory (STT-RAM) is considered as the magnetic memory most likely to be applied in technology nodes beyond 65 nm. For the STT-RAM utilizing spin transfer switching as its write mode, since write currents only pass through those selected memory elements and magnetized switching depends upon write current density, shrinkage of elements is advantageous for reduction of write currents. In theory, enhancing write selectivity and reducing write currents can be achieved simultaneously.
A theoretical estimated value of a switching critical current density of the magnetic memory element utilizing spin transfer switching is Jc=αeMst[Hk+2πMs]/hη. Ms is a saturation magnetization of a magnetic layer per unit volume; t is a thickness of the magnetic layer; Hk is an anisotropic field; a is the Gilbert damping constant; η is a spin polarization factor, and h is the Boltzmann constant. The estimated value has not considered the effects of external electric fields and thermal dithering. It is known from the above formula that in research on the spin transmission effect, the factors influencing the switching current mainly are the foregoing physical quantities (Ms, Hk, α and η. Among them, the saturation magnetization (Ms) influences most significantly.
In U.S. Publication No. 2007/0159734 A1, an STT-RAM structure is proposed, which utilizes non-magnetic materials to perform doping in the free layer, e.g., Cr, Cu, Au, B, Nb, Mo, Ta, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ag, TaN, CuN and TaCuN, thereby reducing the saturation magnetization (Ms) of the free layer so as to lower the critical current density (Jc).
However, in order to continue enhancing the performance of the STT-RAM, how to reduce the critical current density and maintain sufficient thermal stability in the STT-RAM are still urgent issues to be resolved.

Magnetic memory element utilizing spin transfer switching

Industrial Technology Research Institute


A digital data recording and playback system which includes an optical recording and playback head for recording and reproducing digital data onto and from a stationary optical storage card. The head contains a multiplicity of miniature laser cells mounted in rows and columns and directed to a surface of the stationary optical storage card. The head may be operated in any one of three modes, namely a record mode in which data is recorded on the card; a playback mode in which data recorded on the card is reproduced; and an erase mode in which data recorded on the card is completely or partially erased.

The present invention is concerned with a digital data recording and playback system which includes an optical recording and playback head, and which is capable of recording and retrieving digital data representing digital or analog signals onto and from a stationary optical storage card at random access memory speeds.
The system and head of the invention finds particular utility in the system described in co-pending application Ser. No. 619,098 filed Nov. 28, 1990, in the name of the present inventor.
The co-pending application discloses a digital broadcast system for the transmission of production quality stereo audio program material, video program material, and other data. The system described in the co-pending application comprises a plurality of transceiver units, each capable of operating in a number of modes, that is, in recording, transmitting, receiving and playback modes.
In the transmitting mode, one of the transceiver units in the system of the Co-Pending Application is capable of transmitting video or stereo audio data in digital form, either in real time or at high speeds, to other transceiver units over a selected common channel, such as a fiber optic, cellular UHF wave, microwave, satellite wave. In the receiving mode, the transceiver unit is capable of receiving data from the other units of the system of the Co-Pending Application in digital form, and of converting the received data back to its original analog form.
The optical storage card which is used in conjunction with the system and optical recording and playback head of the present invention is an optically encoded data card which may be of a size, for example, of a usual credit card. Both sides of the card may be utilized, and the card may have the capability of storing approximately a one half gigabyte of digital data on each side, which is the equivalent of approximately one double-sided record album per side, without compression of data.
Unlike the usual prior art video or compact disc, the optical storage card used in conjunction with the optical recording and playback head of the invention does not spin or move; and the elimination of the mechanical drive, and other requirements, results in significant accelerated write and access speeds and a cost reduction.
In the practice of the invention, the optical storage card is inserted into a slot in the housing of the optical recording and playback head, is precisely seated in the slot, and is scanned by alternating laser beams. The card itself is not susceptible to damage by normal handling, and it may be carried in a wallet or purse.

Digital data optical recording and playback system


A surface finishing method for aluminum shapes by barrel polishing, wherein caps are mounted at both open ends of a hollow aluminum shape, and two aluminum shapes each mounted with the caps are set on two right and left holders so as not to interfere with each other, the two aluminum shapes held above and below by the two right and left holders are next put in a barrel pot, and water, a compound, and a medium are put in the barrel pot, and then the barrel pot is closed by a lid. A plurality of barrel pots are installed on a centrifugal barreling machine, and the centrifugal barreling machine is operated so that the aluminum shapes are rotated and revolved.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of finishing the outer surfaces of hollow aluminum shapes by barrel polishing.
2. Description of the Related Art
Hollow aluminum shapes produced by extrusion molding process etc. are usually cut diagonally, and then the outer surface is finished by surface polishing such as buffing, cutting, etc.
Also, though not for hollow aluminum shapes but for aluminum wheels, a polishing method that causes polishing medium to flow in a polishing vessel in which aluminum wheels are set, so that the aluminum wheels, while being rotated in the polishing vessel, is barrel-polished by the flow force of medium is known as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent No. 2740645 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-234662).
However, aluminum shapes are not subjected to surface finishing by surface polishing or cutting operation due to their intricate shapes. Also, in surface finishing by buffing, it is difficult to scrape the surface of the aluminum shape uniformly; and droop would occur locally, and the scraping amount cannot be controlled quantitatively. On the other hand, in the surface finishing done by cutting operation, the range of surface finishing of the aluminum shape is restricted by the length of cutting tool, so that a defect such as weld marking is likely to occur.
Generally, hollow aluminum shapes have considerable variations in shape. Therefore, with the conventional surface finishing method, the entirety of the outer surface is not always finished uniformly.
On the other hand, it is preferable that the surface be finished with die marks thereon completely removed. Also, after the surface finishing, it is preferable that the cut surfaces of the aluminum shape do not droop, with the edge standing as it is. In the conventional surface finishing methods, the droop of the cut surfaces cannot be eliminated.
Further, though the inner surfaces of the hollow aluminum shapes do not need to be polished, it is desirable to avoid production of dents and droop on the inner surfaces. However, it is in fact impossible to avoid production of dents and droop on the inner surfaces of the aluminum shapes, and the medium used in the surface finishing sometimes remains in the hollow aluminum shapes.

Surface finishing method for aluminum shapes by barrel polishing


A radiator assembly in which numerous fins of a cooling element extending between two coolant channels of the cooling element are divided into at least two different cooling zone, a ventilator of the radiator assembly at least partially covers a first cooling zone of the at least two different cooling zones with respect to a direction extending from the ventilator module toward the cooling element, and a gap width of a gap between two adjacent fins in the first cooling zone is greater than that in a second cooling zone of the at least two different cooling zones.

Radiator assemblies for vehicles, for example for motor vehicles, are well known. Part of such a radiator assembly is a radiator for cooling a drive engine in the vehicle, which comprises at least one cooling element that has numerous coolant channels for this. The coolant channels are spaced apart and typically parallel to one another. To improve the heat dissipation, there are numerous fins extending between at least two coolant channels, between which gaps are formed for cooling airflow. Heat from the cooling liquid in the coolant channels is released to the cooling airflow via the fins.
There is also at least one ventilator module comprising a fan that directs the cooling airflow toward the cooling element in these known radiator assemblies. An (additional) cooling airflow can also be generated by rotating the at least one fan in this ventilator module, e.g. when the vehicle is travelling slowly, or stationary. There are also known ventilator modules that comprise cooling flaps that can be adjusted as needed, i.e. opened or closed, in order to control the cooling airflow passing through the radiator assembly based on the vehicle's travel.
The coolant channels in the cooling element are typically tubes with a rectangular cross section, connected in pairs by the fins. At least part of the cooling element is covered by a ventilator module in front of the cooling element, blocking the cooling airflow. The flow speed of a cooling airflow is therefore lower in the area of the cooling element covered by the ventilator module than in the areas of the cooling element not covered by the ventilator module.
Based on this known design for radiator assemblies, the fundamental object of the invention is to produce an improved radiator assembly with which it is possible to obtain an improved heat transfer from a coolant in the coolant channels in the cooling element to a cooling airflow through the bordering fins in the cooling element with an upstream ventilator module.

Brose Fahrzeugteile SE & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft


A digital to analog converter (DAC) incorporates a novel subranging voltage output DAC that delivers high multiplying bandwidth while consuming low power and requires small silicon area. The higher order digital input bits (MSBS) select a voltage range (VMSB) from a first resistor divider DAC network. The VMSB is then applied to the input of a small high speed low power differential input single ended output LSB programmable attenuator amplifier. Transistor follower devices effectively buffer the MSB section to the LSB section and increase bandwidth and speed of operation as well as permitting multichannel sharing of a single precision MSB voltage divider network.

This invention relates generally to digital to analog converters (DACs), and more particularly the invention relates to a DAC having a sub-ranging voltage output with increased multiplying bandwidth and reduced power.
There is a growing demand f or small multichannel, medium resolution high bandwidth low power DACS. Many applications such as robotic, automatic test equipment, monitors, work stations, copiers, cameras, portable equipment, scanners., video, graphic systems and others require high-multiplying bandwidth multiple channel DACs implemented efficiently and cost effectively. Such applications require elements for controlling, adjusting and tuning fast signals using digitally controlled gain or attenuation.
Segment converters can be arranged in cascaded formats, such that a first stage employing a resistor string decodes the most significant bits and a second stage decodes the remaining lower order bits. A nonlinear converter of the general type is described by Gryzbowski et al. "Nonlinear Functions from D/A converters," Electronic Engineering, 1971, pp 48-51. This converter is designed for operation with relay switching. U.S. Pat. No. 3,997,892 (Susset) discloses a cascaded nonlinear converter design intended for use with low speed semiconductor switching where a DC signal is applied across the positive and negative terminals of the reference input. In this design both the first and second stages comprise a resistor string segment type converter. The converter design includes buffer amplifiers to prevent the second stage resistor string (LSB DAC) from loading the first stage resistor string. The architecture is slow, takes much area, and places many different types of devices in series with the signal path which makes it impractical for multichannel and high multiplying bandwidth applications.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,338,591 and No. 4,491,852 (Tuthill) disclose a two-stage cascaded converter intended for high resolution, low speed applications wherein the first stage comprises a series connected resistor string segment converter. The voltage across the selected resistor of the string is, in turn, coupled through a pair of buffer amplifiers to the input terminals of a conventional second stage inverted R-2R LSB DAC. The DAC uses buffer amplifiers for precision reasons. The architecture is slow, takes much area, places many different types of devices in series with the signal path which makes it impractical for multichannel and high multiplying bandwidth applications.
Another type of DAC disclosed in the prior art for multiple channels of DC (constant reference) type DACS, uses a single DAC whose output feeds multiple sample and hold amplifiers. This implementation gives excellent matching between channels but requires a systematic updating and refreshing of each channel which causes glitches in the DAC outputs and creates a noisy analog environment for the system designer.
Although the prior art converters noted above embody certain attractive aspects, they are not capable of the high speed, low distortion, low power, low noise, small size, and multiple channels now required in many applications.

Digital to analog converter having high multiplying bandwidth


Anti-5T4 antibodies, anti-5T4 antibody/drug conjugates, and methods for preparing and using the same.

The availability of high affinity monoclonal antibodies has enabled the development of targeted immunotherapies. According to this approach, a therapeutic agent is coupled to an antibody with binding specificity for a defined target cell population. Therapeutic agents that have been conjugated to monoclonal antibodies include cytotoxins, biological response modifiers, enzymes (e.g., ribonucleases), apoptosis-inducing proteins and peptides, and radioisotopes. Antibody/cytotoxin conjugates are generally referred to as immunocytotoxins. Antibodies coupled to low-molecular-weight drugs such as methothrexate are typically called chemoantibody/drug conjugates. Conjugates described as immunomodulators contain biological response modifiers such as lymphokines, growth factors, and complement-activating cobra venom factor (CVF). Radiolabeled antibodies include radioactive isotopes that may be used for radiotherapy as well as imaging.
Antibody-mediated drug delivery to tumor cells augments drug efficacy by minimizing its uptake in normal tissues. See e.g., Reff et al. (2002) Cancer Control 9:152-66; Sievers (2000) Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 46 Suppl:S18-22; Goldenberg (2001) Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 39:195-201. MYLOTARG® (gemtuzumab ozogamicin) is a commercially available targeted immunotherapy that works according to this principle and which is approved for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in elderly patients. See Sievers et al. (1999) Blood 93: 3678-84. In this case, the targeting molecule is an anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody that is conjugated to calicheamicin.
Targeted immunotherapy in humans has nevertheless been limited, in part due to adverse responses to non-human monoclonal antibodies. Early clinical trials using rodent antibodies revealed human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) and human anti-rat antibody (HARA) responses, which result in rapid antibody clearance. Less immunogenic antibodies have since been developed, including chimeric antibodies, humanized antibodies, PRIMATIZED® antibodies, and human antibodies prepared using transgenic mice or phage display libraries. See Morrison et al. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:6851-5; Queen et al. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:10029-33; Newman et al. (1992) Biotechnology (NY) 10:1455-60; Green et al. (1994) Nat. Genet. 7:13-21; Marks et al. (1991) J. Mol. Biol. 222:581-97. Avoidance of a HAMA response permits high dose and repeated dose administration to achieve a therapeutic response.
Candidate antibodies for drug targeting include antibodies that recognize oncofetal antigens, i.e., antigens present on fetal cells and neoplastic cells, and which are largely absent from normal adult cells. See e.g., Magdelenat (1992) J. Immunol. Methods 150: 133-43. The 5T4 oncofetal antigen is a 72 kDa highly glycosylated transmembrane glycoprotein comprising a 42 kDa non-glycosylated core (Hole et al. (1988) Br. J. Cancer 57: 239-46, Hole et al. (1990) Int. J. Cancer 45: 179-84; PCT International Publication No. WO89/07947; U.S. Pat. No. 5,869,053). 5T4 includes an extracellular domain characterized by two leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) and an intervening hydrophilic region, which is an accessible site for targeted therapy (Myers et al. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269: 9319-24).
Human 5T4 is expressed in numerous cancer types, including carcinomas of the bladder, breast, cervix, endometrium, lung, esophagus, ovary, pancreas, stomach, and testes, and is substantially absent from normal tissues, except for syncytiotrophoblast in placenta (see, e.g., Southall et al. (1990) Br. J. Cancer 61: 89-95 (immunohistological distribution of 5T4 antigen in normal and malignant tissues); Mieke et al. (1997) Clin. Cancer Res. 3: 1923-1930 (low intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and high 5T4 expression on tumor cells correlate with reduced disease-free survival in colorectal carcinoma patients); Starzynska et al. (1994) Br. J. Cancer 69: 899-902 (prognostic significance of 5T4 oncofetal antigen expression in colorectal carcinoma); Starzynska et al. (1992) Br. J. Cancer 66: 867-869 (expression of 5T4 antigen in colorectal and gastric carcinoma); Jones et al. (1990) Br. J. Cancer 61: 96-100 (expression of 5T4 antigen in cervical cancer); Connor and Stern (199) Int. J. Cancer 46: 1029-1034 (loss of MHC class-I expression in cervical carcinomas); Ali et al. (2001) Oral Oncology 37: 57-64 (pattern of expression of the 5T4 oncofoetal antigen on normal, dysplastic and malignant oral mucosa); PCT International Publication No. WO89/07947; U.S. Pat. No. 5,869,053). For example, tissues reported to have no expression of 5T4 include the liver, skin, spleen, thymus, central nervous system (CNS), adrenal gland, and ovary. Tissues reported to have focal or low expression of 5T4 include the liver, skin, spleen, lymph node, tonsil, thyroid, prostate, and seminal vesicles. Weak-moderate diffuse expression of 5T4 has been reported in the kidney, lung, pancreas, pharynx, and gastro-intestinal tract. The only tissue reported to have high expression of 5T4 is syncytiotrophoblast; 5T4 was also absent from normal serum or the serum of pregnant women (i.e., levels<10 ng/ml). Overexpression of 5T4 in tumors has been correlated with disease progression, and assessment of 5T4 expression has been suggested as a useful approach for identifying patients with short-term prognosis (Mulder et al. (1997) Clin. Cancer Res. 3: 1923-30, Naganuma et al. (2002) Anticancer Res. 22: 1033-1038, Starzynska et al. (1994) Br. J. Cancer 69: 899-902, Starzynska et al. (1998) Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 10: 479-484, Wrigley et al. (1995) Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 5: 269-274).
Several anti-5T4 antibodies have been described, including mAb5T4, also called the H8 antibody, which recognizes a conformational epitope of the 5T4 antigen (Shaw et al. (2002) Biochem. J. 363: 137-45, PCT International Publication No. WO98/55607), a rat monoclonal antibody (Woods et al. (2002) Biochem. J. 366: 353-65), and a mouse monoclonal antibody called 5T4 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,869,053). Single chain anti-5T4 antibodies have also been described, as well as fusion proteins that include anti-5T4 antibody sequences fused to a therapeutic molecule. For example, anti-5T4 antibody sequences fused to the human IgG1 constant domain or to the extracellular domain of murine B7.1 induces cytolysis of 5T4-expressing tumor cell lines (Myers et al. (2002) Cancer Gene Ther. 9: 884-896, Shaw et al. (2000) Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1524: 238-246; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0018004). Similarly, a single chain anti-5T4 antibody fused to a superantigen may stimulate T cell-dependent cytolysis of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells in vitro (Forsberg et al. (2001) Br. J. Cancer 85: 129-136). A phase I clinical trial using PNU-214936, a murine Fab fragment of the monoclonal antibody 5T4 fused to a mutated superantigen staphylococcal enterocytotoxin A (SEA), showed limited toxicity and some anti-tumor response (Cheng et al. (2004) J. Clin. Oncol. 22(4):602-9). As an alternate therapeutic approach, recombinant 5T4 vaccines are also suggested for the treatment of cancers (Mulryan et al. (2002) Mol. Cancer. Ther. 1: 1129-37; UK Patent Application Publication Nos. 2,370,571 and 2,378,704; EP Patent Application Publication Nos. EP 1,160,323 and 1,152,060).
The present invention provides novel anti-5T4 antibodies, anti-5T4/drug conjugates, methods for producing the disclosed antibodies and antibody/drug conjugates, and methods for their diagnostic and therapeutic use.


A method for forming a metal carbide or metal carbonitride film on a substrate using a vapor deposition process. The method includes comprises introducing a first process material, such as a film precursor, to the substrate followed by introducing a second process material, such as a film reducing agent, to the substrate, whereby plasma can be formed during the introduction of the second process material in order to assist reduction of the first process material on the substrate. Additionally, the temperature of the substrate is elevated to a value approximately equal to or greater than the decomposition temperature of the first process material in order to improve adhesion properties for the metal carbide or metal carbonitride film.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a method for forming a thin film on a substrate using a vapor deposition process, and more particularly to a method of preparing a thin film having acceptable adhesion properties for subsequent thin film deposition.
2. Description of Related Art
Typically, during materials processing, plasma is employed to facilitate the addition and removal of material films when fabricating composite material structures. For example, in semiconductor processing, a (dry) plasma etch process is utilized to remove or etch material along fine trenches or within vias or contacts patterned on a silicon substrate. Alternatively, for example, a vapor deposition process is utilized to deposit material along fine lines or within vias or contacts on a silicon substrate. Vapor deposition processes include chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD).
In PECVD, plasma is utilized to alter or enhance the film deposition mechanism. For instance, plasma excitation generally allows film-forming reactions to proceed at temperatures that are significantly lower than those typically required to produce a similar film by thermally excited CVD. In addition, plasma excitation may activate film-forming chemical reactions that are not energetically or kinetically favored in thermal CVD. The chemical and physical properties of PECVD films may thus be varied over a relatively wide range by adjusting process parameters.
More recently, atomic layer deposition (ALD), a form of CVD or more generally film deposition, has emerged as a candidate for ultra-thin gate film formation in front end-of-line (FEOL) operations, as well as ultra-thin barrier layer and seed layer formation for metallization in back end-of-line (BEOL) operations. In ALD, two or more process gasses are introduced alternatingly and sequentially in order to form a material film one monolayer at a time. Such an ALD process has proven to provide improved uniformity and control in layer thickness, as well as conformality to features on which the layer is deposited. However, current ALD processes can produce films with poor barrier properties and poor adhesion properties despite their superior conformality. Further, current ALD processes may be time consuming, which reduces device manufacturing throughput.

Method of forming a metal carbide or metal carbonitride film having improved adhesion


A semiconductor device having a semiconductor substrate and a wiring layer, which is doped with an impurity, located on the substrate. The semiconductor device has upper and lower wiring layers apart from each other. An electric insulating film electrically insulates between the upper and lower wiring layers. The insulating film has a contact hole. A wiring material is packed with the contact hole to electrically connect the upper and lower wiring layers. The impurity is contained in the lower wiring layer to decrease its resistivity.

The present invention relates generally to a semiconductor device and a process for producing the same, more particularly to a technique of forming multilayered wiring.
Recently, multilayer wiring structures employed in highly integrated semiconductor devices are required to have reduced resistance in inter-wiring contacts (via contacts) and improved wiring reliability.
FIGS. 11 to 13 show, in cross-sectional views, a process for producing a conventional two-layer wiring, which will be described below, step-by-step.
In Step A (see FIG. 11), a silicon oxide film 52 is deposited as an insulating film to an appropriate thickness on the surface of a single crystal silicon substrate 51 by means of CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method. Next, a titanium (Ti) thin film 53, a titanium nitride (TiN) thin film 54, an aluminum (Al) alloy thin film 55 and a titanium nitride (TiN) thin film 56 are deposited successively on the surface of the silicon oxide film 52 by means of sputtering to form a first wiring layer 71.
Subsequently, the thus formed first wiring layer 71 is subjected to patterning employing the conventional photolithographic technique, followed by dry etching to form a wiring pattern of the first wiring layer. It should be noted here that the aluminum alloy thin film 55 contains, in addition to pure aluminum, other metals or high-melting metals (e.g., Al--Si (1%) -Cu (0.5%), Al--Cu and Al--Mg).
Use of such aluminum alloys instead of pure aluminum can prevent electromigration and stress migration from occurring. Electromigration refers to migration of aluminum atoms due to the electron current, while stress migration refers to shifting of the sites where stress is induced by heat, and both phenomena can cause disconnection.
Further, the titanium thin film 53 and the titanium nitride thin film 54 formed under the aluminum alloy thin film 55 are to prevent adhesion at contact sections (not shown) between the aluminum alloy thin film 55 and the substrate 51 from being destroyed by the reaction between Al and Si. If these films 53 and 54 are not present, aluminum in the aluminum thin film 55 reacts with the silicon substrate 51, when heat treatment is carried out after formation of the first wiring layer. Thus, while Al and Si form an eutectoid, the Si is supplied from the silicon substrate 51, so that adhesion at each interface is destroyed. Accordingly, the titanium thin film 53 and the titanium nitride thin film 54 are formed under the aluminum alloy thin film 55 to prevent a reaction at each interface from occurring.
Further, the reason why the titanium thin film 53 is formed under the titanium nitride thin film 54 is that the contact resistance is increased if the titanium nitride film 54 is used alone. As described above, the titanium nitride thin film 54 and the titanium thin film 53 serve as barrier metals. Further, the titanium nitride thin film 56 formed on the aluminum alloy thin film 55 is to prevent the aluminum alloy thin film 55, when subjected to photolithographic light exposure, from reflecting light. In other words, the titanium nitride thin film 56 serves as a reflection preventive film (cap metal).
In Step B (see FIG. 12), a silicon oxide film 57 is deposited as a layer insulating film by means of CVD to an appropriate thickness on the surface of the titanium nitride thin film 56 of the first wiring layer, and patterning of contact holes is carried out by employing a conventional photolithographic technique, followed by formation of contact holes 58 by means of dry etching.
In Step C (see FIG. 13), etching scum in the contact holes 58 and the oxide film present on the surface of the titanium nitride thin film 56 of the first wiring layer 71 in each contact hole 58 is removed by means of sputter etching employing an inert gas (e.g., argon).
Next, a titanium nitride thin film 59, an aluminum alloy thin film 60 and a titanium nitride thin film 61 are deposited successively onto the surface of the silicon oxide film 57 and in the contact holes 58 to form a second wiring layer 72.
Subsequently, the second wiring layer 72 is subjected to patterning employing a conventional photolithographic technique followed by dry etching to form a wiring pattern of the second wiring layer 72 to complete the process of producing the two-layer wiring. The aluminum alloy thin film 60 is of the same material as the aluminum alloy thin film 55.
The titanium nitride thin film 61 formed on the aluminum alloy thin film 60 serves as a cap metal like the titanium nitride thin film 56. Further, the titanium nitride thin film 59 formed under the aluminum alloy thin film 60 is to control growth of hillocks caused by heat treatment such as sintering and alloying. More specifically, since growth of hillocks induces short-circuiting in the wirings, the titanium nitride thin film 54 is formed under the aluminum alloy thin film 60 to control growth of hillocks.
However, in the prior art exemplified above, while an increase in the contact resistance is controlled, for example, by forming the titanium thin film 53 under the titanium nitride thin film 54 in Step A, only the titanium nitride thin films 56 and 59 are present at contact portions between the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer.
Recently, semiconductor devices have become more and more integrated, so that contact holes 58 are required to have smallest possible diameters, and it is essential to prevent contact resistance between the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer from increasing. Under such circumstances, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-142580 describes a laminate structure. In this publication, titanium nitride thin film/titanium thin film is employed at contact portions between the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer, and while the function as cap metals is retained, contact resistance is lowered and electromigration resistance is improved.
Although the prior art semiconductor in the above Japanese publication has excellent contact resistance and electromigration resistance, it is slightly inferior, due to the additional need for the titanium thin film on semiconductors having only a titanium nitride thin film in serving the demand for finer or highly integrated wirings.

Semiconductor device having upper and lower wiring layers


Atmospheric pressure, intermediate pressure and vacuum laser desorption ionization methods and ion sources are configured to increase ionization efficiency and the efficiency of transmitting ions to a mass to charge analyzer or ion mobility analyzer. An electric field is applied in the region of a sample target to accumulate ions generated from a local ion source on a solid or liquid phase sample prior to applying a laser desorption pulse. The electric field is changed just prior to or during the desorption laser pulse to promote the desorption of charged species and improve the ionization efficiency of desorbed sample species. After a delay, the electric field may be further changed to optimize focusing and transmission of ions into a mass spectrometer or ion mobility analyzer. Charged species may also be added to the region of the laser desorbed sample plume to promote ion-molecule reactions between the added ions and desorbed neutral sample species, increasing desorbed sample ionization efficiency and/or creating desired production species. The cycling of electric field changes is repeated in a timed sequence with one or more desorption laser pulse occurring per electric field change cycle. Embodiments of the invention comprise atmospheric pressure, intermediate pressure and vacuum pressure laser desorption ionization source methods and devices for increasing the analytical flexibility and improving the sensitivity of mass spectrometric analysis.

Laser desorption and ionization have been utilized to ablate and ionize a wide variety of surface samples for analysis with mass spectrometry. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is a desorption and ionization technique that results in production of gas-phase ions from condensed-phase analyte molecules (e.g. generally large labilte biomolecules) by unique energy partitioning properties of absorbed light from lasers into target sample components. MALDI samples are generally mixtures of matrix and analyte, whereby the light energy from the laser is absorbed primarily by the matrix, facilitating both ionization and desorption of analyte. The beneficial characteristic of these processes is that very little of the energy is partitioned into the internal energy of the analyte, resulting in intact gas-phase analyte ions. Gas-phase anayte ions are generally analyzed by time-of-flight mass spectrometers; however, any number of gas-phase ion analyzers have been considered and employed for MALDI analysis.
The technique of MALDI developed primarily from research by Karas and Hillenkamp (1) in the late 1980. Vacuum MALDI has developed into a widely used commercial technology for analysis of proteins and other macromolecules.
The present invention relates to the application of MALDI to desorption and ionization in vacuum and at intermediate and higher pressures, including atmospheric pressure. Franzen and Koster (U.S. Pat. No. 5,663,561) first described atmospheric pressure MALDI in reference to their atmospheric pressure desorption/ionization technique by stating, "In contrast to MALDI, at atmospheric pressure, the related molecules of the decomposed matrix material are not needed to ionize the macromolecules. The selection of matrix molecules is solely dependent upon their ability to release the large molecules." Albeit, not explicitly claimed in this patent, the concept of atmospheric pressure MALDI (or AP-MALDI) was clearly first described by Franzen and Koster. Ironically, the Franzen and Koster patent begins by arguing that AP-MALDI is inefficient and that augmenting ionization efficiency with gas phase ion-molecule reactions or desorbed neutral species with gas phase reagent ions at atmospheric pressure would offset some of the transmission losses that would occur by inefficient transport from atmospheric pressure.
Laiko and Burlingame (U.S. Pat. No. 5,965,884) distinguish their AP-MALDI from Franzen and Koster by arguing simplicity and non-destructive matrices. This patent dismisses the key arguments made by Franzen and Koster that AP-MALDI is inefficient. The Laiko patent teaches AP-MALDI with the requirement of close coupling of a sample target to the conductance aperture into vacuum. The lack of efficient atmospheric pressure optics with this device requires precise alignment and positioning of sample and the laser beam relative to the vacuum inlet. In addition, Laiko provides for a sweep gas to assist in transport of the ions from the target surface to the vacuum inlet. The transmission of this device is low. The lack of time-sequenced optics with the laser pulse limit ion extraction and transmission efficiency.
Sheehan and Willoughby (U.S. Pat. No. 6,744,041 B2) describe separation of the ionization process [and sample target position] from the conductance aperture using atmospheric pressure optics. They describe efficient atmospheric pressure transport and compression optics that allow relative independence of sample location from the position of the vacuum inlet. Components of this invention are included by reference into the present invention.
Sheehan and Willoughby (U.S. RPA Ser. No. 10/449,147) describe further improvement of transmission of MALDI generated ions at atmospheric pressure by laminating high transmission elements and incorporating a "back-well" geometry whereby MALDI samples can be placed facing away from the conductance aperture. This geometry facilitates easier access of the laser beam to the sample targets compared to close-coupled designs. The back-well geometry also provides a simplification of sample insertion and easier access to the ionization chamber. Components of this invention are also included by reference into the present invention.
Willoughby and Sheehan (U.S. RPA 60/419,699) also describe improvements in transmission of ions from atmospheric pressure sources [including AP-MALDI]. These improvements are accomplished by precisely controlling the electric field through the entire conductance pathway from atmospheric pressure into vacuum. Components of this invention are included by reference into the present invention. Willoughby and Sheehan (U.S. PPA 60/476,582) also teach that conductance arrays and patterned optics can further enhance the transmission of ions from atmospheric pressure sources and improve the transmission of MALDI ions from either intermediate of higher-pressure sources. Components of this invention are included by reference into the present invention.
Whitehouse (US 20020175278) describes the use of a variety of RF multipole devices and DC funnel devices to focus and entrain the flow of ions from atmospheric and intermediate pressure MALDI targets to detection. Components of this invention are included by reference into the present invention.
Truche et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 6,707,039 B1) describe a wide variety of alternatives for close-coupling the sample target to the conductance aperture. This technology places high tolerance on sample position and laser position. In addition, it is envisioned that mirrored reflective surfaces close to the plume of the MALDI target would tend to become contaminated and degraded in their optical performance. In addition, the sampling of ions from an electric field between the target and aperture into the field-free region of the vacuum inlet tube would cause rim losses from field penetration and degrade the transport efficiency. The lack of time-sequenced optics with the laser pulse limit ion extraction and transmission efficiency.
Makarov and Bondarenko (U.S. Pat. No. 6,707,036 B2) teach of a positionally optimized sample target device with a close-coupled conductance opening for atmospheric pressure and intermediate pressure MALDI. This device is still subordinate to alignment of laser, target, and lacks spatial or temporal optics to facilitate efficient ion transmission to the mass analyzer. The lack of time-sequenced optics with the laser pulse limit ion extraction and transmission efficiency.                1. Karas, M.; Hillenkamp, F., Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 2299-2301.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A short-circuit detection probe comprising a probe body having a housing and a cover, the housing defining an internal cavity having a profile, a probe pin comprising an upper part and a lower part, mounted within the internal cavity, the upper part comprising an electrically wired upper end and the lower part comprising a lower end connected to a magnet, a push springs wound around the upper part of the probe pin, a stoppage means mounted at the bottom of the push spring and a return spring wound around the lower part of the probe pin, wherein the internal cavity profile comprises a stoppage step for accommodating the stoppage means at its lowermost position.

Short-circuit detection probes are used for a variety of applications involving position indication. For example, operations involving cutting, punching or drilling sheet material may require continuous inspection of the material's exact position. The material, preferably in sheet form, may be aligned for the operation with the help of any one or more sensing devices that create a short circuit when alignment is sensed. The short-circuit detection probe then detects the short circuit and may transmit the indication to a controller, according to the specific application. Any change in the proper alignment will be thus sensed and may similarly be reported for a possible correction operation.
Processes that are typically prone to movement of the material are those involving force. For example, a cutting or drilling operation may cause vibrations that will move the material, therefore requiring strong attachment of the material to a base prior to performing the operation. A problem may arise when the attachment, using a certain amount of force, causes a slight movement of the material.
The alignment sensor may be an electrical sensor, suitable for conductive metal substrates, or an optical sensor, such as described for example in Published U.S. patent application Ser. No. 2003/0209680 to the same assignee, having electrical connections.
In CTP devices, such as Lotem 800 available from Creo Inc., Canada, a printing plate blank is mounted on the surface of an external drum for imaging. In order for the plate to be correctly registered on the drum, it is known to use registration pins, mounted on the drum. When the plate is mounted on the drum, its front edge is moved towards the registration pins. When contact is established between the plate's front edge and at least two registration pins, a clamping mechanism is actuated to clamp the front edge of the plate to the drum. The plate is then further wound around the drum and its tail edge also clamped by a rear set of clamps.
Various mechanisms are known for detecting contact between the plate's front end and the registration pins. A special concern is to maintain the contact, once established, throughout the operation of clamping the plate's front-edge to the drum and report any shift to enable correction measures.


A soft drink container includes a plurality of the additive storage containers, a plurality of additive contents contained in the additive storage containers, an additive storage selector, a base storage container containing at least one base liquid, and a mechanism operable to release the additive contents into the base liquid storage. The plurality of additive contents may include at least one of salts, spices, flavoring, color agents, odors, fragrances, vitamins, thickeners, enhancers, fruit distillers, preservatives and vitamins. The additive storage selector is operable to separately align each of the plurality of additive storage containers with an opening of the base storage container and is operable to release a selected additive content into the base liquid container. The additive storage selector may further include a piercer operable to pierce the base storage container.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to soft drinks; and more particularly to soft drinks packaged in containers.
2. Related Arts
Packaged soft drinks are typically marked with dates within which the soft drinks must be sold to guaranty freshness. These dates, e.g., best-before-date, use-by-date, etc., are critical for both manufacturers and sellers. Soft drinks, once prepared and canned/bottled have no optional shelf life control. Normally, the shelf life of soft drinks is predicted for specific storage ambient conditions. Canning or bottling of the soft drink in a container (of a certain material) helps to maintain the freshness of the soft drink, but only for the specified time. Container material development that may extend the shelf life of soft drinks is challenging.
Apart from the requirement of the suitable container material, maintaining storage conditions, e.g., temperature, humidity level, etc. are additional burdens on the manufacturers, distributors, and sellers of soft drinks. Deterioration during storage has serious impact on the quality of soft drink and improper storage may shorten the specified best-before-date or use-by-date specified by their manufacturers.
Flavoring, added to a soft drink base, e.g., carbonated water, causes the soft drink to have its unique flavor. The flavoring of the soft drink, unfortunately, degrades over time resulting in a tasteless, odorless, or unpleasant tasting soft drink. Carbonation can also be lost over time, resulting in flat soft drink. Any of these conditions will cause users to avoid the particular soft drink, brand of soft drink, or seller of the soft drink.
Currently the soft drinks are canned/bottled by their manufacturers. The manufacturing process includes fully incorporating all the ingredients resulting in the soft drinks ready to consume. Consumers have no choice or freedom of buying soft drinks of flavor other than what is available from the shop. Once soft drinks are canned or bottled the manufacturers do not have any control on further adding ingredients to attribute new flavor/taste or to rejuvenate for the degradation due to bio-chemical reactions inside the can or bottle. As consumers are often cautious towards health, salt and sugar content is critical. Current canning or bottling approaches do not provide any freedom for the consumer to control the saltiness or the sweetness levels of the soft drinks. Also the likes and dislikes of tastes and flavor differ from one location to other location and from country to country. The present way of delivering soft drinks does not meet the requirement of geographic dependence of liking on the taste and flavor by the consumers.
Some of the ingredients that are added during the manufacturing process either as preservatives or as flavor agents will react slowly with the container material developing an offensive odor. Also if the quality of the preservative degrades with time, some of the ingredients develop bacterial growth. In such cases the soft drinks under storage in the can or bottle may turn toxic over sufficiently long period of time resulting in poisoning effect.
Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional and traditional approaches will become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art through comparison of such systems with the present invention.

Soft drink container supporting additive containment and selective release


Facilitating Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phone calls where at least a portion of the phone call relies upon signaling exchanged as part of a Session Initiated Protocol (SIP) session conducted through a SIP Private Branch Exchange (SIP-PBX) is contemplated. Caller-ID and/or security measures may be implemented to enable caller-ID when the SIP-PBX is untrusted.

Calling name and number information may be carried in SIP invites in the P-Asserted-Identity (PAI) header. To convey this info securely, SIP uses a transitive trust model, where adjacent network entities in the signaling chain trust the caller-ID info received from their previous-hop entity. The transitive trust model breaks down when there is an untrusted entity in the signaling chain. This can occur for SIP-PBX call scenarios where the untrusted SIP-PBX receives an incoming call from the service provider network and a feature (like call-forwarding) causes the SIP-PBX to redirect the call back to the service provider network. For example, in a transitive trust model, if Alice activates call-forwarding on her office phone to redirect incoming business calls to her mobile phone over lunch hour, the redirected SIP invite transmitted to the mobile phone may identify the SIP-PBX of Alice's office phone instead of the party attempting to call Alice due the untrustworthiness of the SIP-PBX.
The operation of such a transitive trust model may include, if Bob is the party attempting to call Alice, the service provider network sending a first invite to the SIP-PBX targeting Alice's office number. The first invite may contain SIP parameters identifying the calling name and number of Bob. When Alice has activated call-forwarding, the SIP-PBX may responsively initiate a second invite toward the service provider network targeting Alice's mobile number. If the service provider receiving the second invite determines the SIP-PBX to be untrusted, the service provider network may remove a received PAI header identifying Bob prior to transmitting a third invite to Alice's mobile phone. The PAI header identifying Bob may be replaced with a new PAI header identifying Alice's office calling name and number, which may be done in order to avoid calling name/number spoofing when the service provider network does not trust a calling name/number received from the SIP-PBX unless the name/number belongs to the SIP-PBX.
One non-limiting aspect of the present invention contemplates enabling the service provider to include caller-ID information for Bob when the SIP-PBX is untrusted in order to facilitate identifying Bob within the PAI header provided to Alice's mobile phone, which may be beneficial in allowing Alice to identify callers when forwarding phone calls from the untrusted SIP-PBX of her office phone.

Caller-ID for redirected calls from SIP-PBX


A diagnostic agent for pancreatic exocrine function comprising an amino acid or a peptide containing at least one 13C or 14C atom, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof other than Bz-Tyr-13C-PABA is provided. A 13C- or 14C-labeled compound represented by the following formula (II):X2—R2—Y2—Z1   (II)or a salt thereof,wherein X2 is a hydrogen atom or a protecting group,R2 is a peptide of 2 to 5 amino acids, an amino acid or a single bond,Y2 is an amino acid,Z1 is an amino acid optionally having a protecting group, andat least one of the amino acids in R2, Y2 and Z1, or at least one of the protecting groups in X2 and Z1 when the protecting groups contain a carbon atom, is 13C or 14C-labeled.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to diagnostic agents for pancreatic exocrine function and novel compounds.
2. Background of the Invention
"Pancreatic exocrine function tests" are useful for the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases such as chronic and acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. It is also useful to assess the condition and the prognosis of patients and to control the medication of protease preparations: The general descriptions are found in Arvanitakis and Cooke, Gastroenterology, 74:932 (1978); Niederau and Grendell, Gastroenterology, 88:1973 (1985); Goldberg, Bull. Mol. Biol. Med., 15:1 (1990); Lankisch, Int. J. Pancreatology, 14:9 (1993); Bank and Chow, Gastroenterologist, 2:224 (1994); and Steer et al., New Eng. J. Med., 332:1482 (1995).
The pancreatic exocrine function tests are roughly classified into intubation tests and tubeless tests. The intubation tests involve intubating a tube through the mouth to the duodenum to collect the duodenal juice. The secretin test is commonly used wherein secretin is intravenously administered to stimulate secretion of the pancreatic juice prior to the collection. This method is highly accurate since the amounts and components of the pancreatic juice are directly analyzed and is the "gold standard" of pancreatic exocrine function test. However, this method can not be used repeatedly or used for screening because of the very strong stress caused on the patients. It is not available at only a relatively small number of medical centers since the physician must be highly skilled. Further, since this method requires fluoroscopic tube placement during the collection of the duodenal juice, there is the problem of X ray exposure.
On the other hand, tubeless tests are easy to perform for estimating the pancreatic exocrine function which requires no intubation, wherein the excreted amount of compounds produced by pancreatic exocrine enzymes or the excreted amount of the pancreatic exocrine enzymes per se are measured. At present, the following four methods are mainly used:
1. PFD test wherein a synthetic substrate BT-PABA (N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid) for chymotrypsin secreted from the pancreas is orally administered and the amount of PABA (p-aminobenzoic acid), a product degradated by chymotrypsin, excreted into the urine is measured;2. PLT test wherein a synthetic substrate FDL (fluorescein dilaurate) for cholesterol ester hydrolase, esterase, secreted from the pancreas is orally administered and the amount of the degradation product fluorescein excreted into the urine or the concentration thereof in the blood is measured;3. Fecal chymotrypsin test wherein chymotrypsin in the feces is quantitatively determined; and4. Fecal elastase test wherein elastase in the feces is quantitatively determined.
However, the sensitivity any of these tests is too low to detect slight decreases of pancreatic exocrine function. Therefore, they have not been used that often in recent years.
To solve this problem, many easier pancreatic exocrine function tests have been searched for; 13C-breath tests have also been applied wherein a 13C-labeled compound is administered and an increase of the concentration of 13CO2 in the exhalation is measured. Examples of such 13C-breath tests are illustrated below:
1. 13C-breath test wherein a 13C-labeled lipid or mixed triglyceride, which is a substrate for lipase, is administered: Chen et al., J. Nuclear Med., 15:1125 (1974); Watkins et al., J. Lab. Clin. Med., 90:422 (1977); Ghoos et al., Digestion, 22:239 (1981); John, S G., Gastroenterology, 83:44 (1982); Watkins et al., Gastroenterology, 82:911 (1982); Benini et al., Digestion, 29:91 (1984); Jones et al., J. Lab. Clin. Med., 105:647 (1985); Knoblach et al., Monatsschr Kinderheilkd, 136:26 (1988); Vantrappen et al., Gastroenterology, 96:1126 (1989); Murphy et al., Arch. Disease in Childhood, 65:574 (1990); Kato et al., Am. J. Gastroenterol., 88:64 (1993); McClean et al., Arch. Disease in Childhood, 69:366 (1993); Jakobs et al., Eur. J. Pediatr., 156:S78 (1997); and Kalivianakis et al., Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 27:434 (1997);2. 13C-breath test wherein a 13C-labeled cholesterol ester, which is a substrate for cholesterol esterase, a lipase, is administered: Mundlos, et al., Pediatric Res., 22:257 (1987); Cole et al., Gastroenterology, 93:1372 (1987); and Mundlos et al., Gut, 31:1324 (1990);3. 13C-breath test wherein a 13C-labeled starch, which is a substrate for an amylase, is administered: Hiele et al., Gastroenterology, 96:503 (1989); Dewit et al., Pediatric Res., 32:45 (1992); and Z. Gastroenterol., 35:187 (1997); and4. 13C-breath test wherein a 13C-enriched egg protein, which is a protein having a 13C-concentration increased up to 1.4 atom % from the natural abundance of 1.1 atom % by feeding a chicken with 13C-leucine, and which is a substrate for a protease, is administered: Y. Ghoos, 13CO2-Breath Tests at the laboratory "Digestion-Absorption", University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (1996).
However, all these methods are less sensitive than the conventional ones and time-consuming. Therefore, these methods have not been established in clinical fields.
Thus, it is desirable that a highly sensitive pancreatic exocrine function test be developed that imparts low stress on the subject and give accurate results soon.

Diagnostic agents for pancreatic exocrine function


Provided is an information processing device including an image processing unit that performs geometric correction on a target image instructed to be displayed in a display region that displays an image. The geometric correction is performed on a basis of direction information indicating a direction of a user viewing the display region with respect to the display region.

Technologies for deciding projection positions to which images are projected on the basis of positions of viewers viewing the images and changing positions of projectors or projection directions of projectors on the basis of the decided projection positions have been developed. As such a technology, for example, a technology disclosed in Patent Literature 1 listed below can be exemplified.

Information processing device and information processing method


A press brake tool cabinet having multiple tool carrying drawers where the drawers are formed from a metal sheet base configured as two side panels separated by a bottom panel. A back panel is connected to the base, and a front panel having a first set of openings to receive snap fitted latches and a second set of openings for receiving strike plates is also connected to the base. Left and right strike plates are mounted to the base and the front panel is connected to one arm of a continuous hinge and a second arm of the continuous hinge is connected to the bottom panel. Lockable drawer slides connect the drawers to the cabinet.

A press brake is a machine tool for bending sheet and plate material. The machine tool forms predetermined bends by clamping a workpiece between matching punch and die tools. The tools are heavy and bulky and are typically stored in tool cabinets. Changing dies is a time consuming and difficult task so that making the process easier, more efficient and safer is desirable. Typical press brake tool cabinet drawers have to be extended the tool lifted from the drawers. This is difficult and somewhat dangerous.
The invention discussed in connection with the described embodiments below address deficiencies of the press tool cabinet field. The features and advantages of the present invention will be explained in or become apparent from the following summary and detailed description of the preferred embodiment considered together with the accompanying drawings.

Press brake tool cabinet with drawers having rotatable front panels


To enable simple and detailed confirmation of an operation instruction from an operation panel provided to a printer, each time an instruction is given using a preview button in the operation panel of the printer, an interruption event transferred from the printer to a host computer is detected, and in accordance with the detected interruption event, image data read out from a memory card attached to the printer, and a print setting to be set, are obtained. A preview display unit controls a print preview display reflecting the print setting in real time to a display device of the host computer, and also controls an update display of the print preview display.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to control of a print system in which a printer driver communicably connects a printer and a host computer, each having a communication interface for mutually sending/receiving information in real time.
2. Related Background Art
Conventionally, when using a printer for printing a digital image captured by a digital camera or the like, a method has been generally used in which the digital image is stored into a hard disk of a PC, and then software running on the PC is used to browse, edit and print the digital image.
Further, recent printers are provided with a card slot for inserting a recording medium used in a digital camera, and an operation panel for receiving a print setting instruction from a user, and have a function for printing a digital image in the recording medium by just the printer itself, without connecting to the PC.
In some of the printers described above, the image is displayed on a dedicated liquid crystal monitor provided to the printer, or on an externally connected monitor. The operation panel is used to perform settings and printing while viewing the display.
However, the above-mentioned printing method that is executed via the host PC, requires to perform operations of the software on the PC, which may require mouse and keyboard operations. Thus, the printing could not always be performed easily.
Moreover, in the case of the printer having the card slot and the operation panel, the operations are easy. However, a display unit of the operation panel and the dedicated monitor are small, and therefore it is difficult to perform the print settings and browse the image. Furthermore, the printing is performed by just the printer itself, so that high costs are required for materials such as a CPU, memory, and the like inside the printer. Its printing speed and print quality are also inferior as compared to printing via the host PC.

Print system, information processing device and control method for the same, printer and control method for the same, storage medium, and program


A rose plant exhibiting good resistance to powdery mildew and being characterized by non-fragrant flowers, prolific growth and flower production, good self-rooting and a large number of water shoots.

This mutation was discovered as a branch on a Carola plant in 1990 on a cultivated area in a farm, located in Moshav Ha'yogev, located in Israel Valley, Israel, with an average night temperature of 25.degree. C. in summer and 0.degree.-5.degree. C. in winter, and day temperatures of 30.degree. C. in summer and 15.degree. C. in winter.
The branch was vegetatively propagated from cuttings by self-rooting. From these cuttings plants were grown in a greenhouse where they were further vegetatively propagated by self-rooting.
The resulting plants were found to be stable in their botanical characteristics, as are described below and as illustrated by typical plants parts in the attached photographs.
Asexual propagative of this new variety of performed at Moshav Ha'yogev, Israel.
The observations were made between the present invention, the parent plant, Carola, and the grandparent plant, Deladel.
______________________________________ Odem Carola Deladel ______________________________________ Average number of 39-48 33-40 18-25 petals Size of Petal length 37-45 mm 50-55 mm does not differ from Carola width 39-49 mm 55-60 mm does not differ from Carola Flower diameter ca. 80 mm ca. 110 mm does not differ from Carola color of RHS.sup.1 46 AB RHS 53 A RHS 53 A upper side color of RHS 52 A RHS 53 C RHS 53 B lower side Petal's reflex medium strong strong Size of spot at small medium very small base of inner side of petal Color of spot at yellow white yellow base of inner side of petal Fragrance of none none slight, flower not sweet or spicy Average number of 2.5 1.85-2.00 0.90-1.25 cut-flowers per plant per month (year-round production) Average number of 4-6 4-6 2-3 water shoots in first year after planting Plant height in 6 90-130 cm 170-180 cm 80-90 cm months after planting Time from planting 5-6 months 6-8 months 10-12 months to commercial flower production Length of 40-60 cm 70-80 cm 70-90 cm flowering stem Relative thickness thin medium thick of flowering stem Number of about flowering stems double as per plant per year for Carola Leaf measurements.sup.2 upper leaf 5.5 cm 7.5 cm unknown leaflets at 4.6 cm 6.0 cm unknown upper part leaflets at 4.0 cm 5.4 cm unknown center part leaflets at 3.0 cm 4.1 cm unknown bottom part Vase life 15-18 days 12-15 days unknown ______________________________________ .sup.1 Royal Horticultural Society of London, England (RHS) Colour Chart .sup.2 Based upon the average sizes of twenty leaves of each variety sampled from plants grown sideby-side under the same roof and conditions in a greenhouse in Moshav Ha'yogev, Israel.


The present invention provides a process for producing a wiring circuit board which can be inhibited from developing whiskers and can be reduced in the unevenness of connectivity with electronic parts while retaining the connectivity. According to the present invention, a wiring pattern 12 comprising a thin metal film 31 and a conductor layer 33 is formed on a base insulating layer BIL. A tin-plated layer 34 is formed by electroless plating so as to coat the wiring pattern 12 therewith. The wiring pattern 12 and the tin-plated layer 34 are then subjected to a heat treatment. The heat treatment temperature and heat treatment period are regulated to 175 to 225° C. and 2 to 10 minutes, respectively. By the heat treatment, a mixture layer 35 comprising copper and tin is formed. Thereafter, a solder resist SOL is formed over the base insulating layer so as to cover the wiring pattern 12 and tin-plated layer 34 in given regions. Subsequently, the solder resist SOL is subjected to a heat curing treatment.

Wiring circuit boards such as TAB (tape automated bonding) tape carrier generally contain a substrate containing an insulating layer and, formed thereon, a wiring pattern containing a conductor layer, and are used in various electronic appliances.
Various electronic parts are mounted on a wiring circuit board and connected to terminal parts of the wiring pattern. The terminals of the electronic parts are made of, e.g., gold. In this case, in order to improve the connectivity of the terminal parts of the wiring pattern with the terminals of such electronic parts, a tin film (tin deposit) is formed so as to coat the terminal parts of the wiring pattern therewith. Herein, the term "connectivity of wiring pattern with electronic part" means the certainty of electrical and physical connection between the wiring pattern and the electronic part. However, there are cases where whiskery crystals called whiskers grow on the tin film on the terminal parts. These whiskers may cause short-circuiting in the wiring pattern.
Patent document 1 discloses that it is possible to inhibit the generation of whiskers for a long period of time by forming a tin-plated layer on a wiring pattern made of copper, followed by subjecting the deposit layer to a heat treatment at 80 to 140° C. However, it is pointed out in patent document 1 that heating at the temperature higher than 140° C. causes a problem, for example, that the tin-plated layer discolors.
Patent document 1: JP-A-2002-124547

Process for producing wiring circuit board


Provided is an aerodynamic profile for use in gas turbine airfoil and a turbine blade comprising such profiles. The profiles counteract a reduction in area between adjacent airfoils due to an increase in coating thickness. A plurality of radial sections forms both coated and uncoated nominal profiles of the airfoils. The sections are located within a tolerance measured in any direction perpendicular to an airfoil stacking line extending radially from a central axis and defined by X, Y, and R Cartesian coordinate values in inches. The R values are measured perpendicular to a plane normal to the airfoil stacking line with R values of zero at a lowermost radial section and increasing in the radial direction. The X and Y values are measured perpendicular to the airfoil stacking line.

(1) Field of the Invention
The invention relates to gas turbine engine components, and more particularly to an aerodynamic profile for an airfoil and a blade comprising an airfoil with such a profile.
(2) Description of the Related Art
The efficiency of a gas turbine engine is directly related to the individual efficiencies of the major sections included therein. The turbine section contains bladed rotors, which extract power from hot combustion gases and transfer the power to a compressor section via common shafting. The efficiency of an airfoil portion of the blades determines the quantity of power extracted and conversely, the quantity of power that is wasted due to inefficiencies. Since the cost of fuel is a very important business consideration for gas turbine operators, any improvement to the aerodynamic efficiency of the airfoils is extremely beneficial.
During operation, turbine blades are exposed to combustion gases with temperatures that may exceed their melting temperature and must be thermally protected to extend their durability and useable life. Typically, blades are cooled by internal air passages and insulated externally by thermal barrier coatings. Various examples of internal air passages may be seen in the references incorporated herein. Internal passages are designed to provide adequate cooling for the airfoil, while not limiting the structural strength of the entire blade. Thermal barrier coatings of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,262,245 to Ulion, et al., are applied to the airfoils of the blade with a thickness that varies based on the location on the airfoil. Airfoil locations that are exposed to the hottest combustion gas temperatures require a thicker coating.
The addition of thicker coatings to an airfoil may negatively affect the aerodynamic efficiency of an airfoil and specifically, an airfoil's ability to direct an adequate volume of combustion gases rearward. By increasing an airfoil's coating thickness, the area between adjacent airfoils is decreased; therefore, reducing the aerodynamic efficiency and ability to discharge an adequate volume of combustion gases. What is needed is an airfoil profile that will accept an increased coating thickness while maintaining an adequate area between adjacent airfoils.

Airfoil profile with optimized aerodynamic shape


A system comprises one or more processors of a machine and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the machine to perform operations. The operations comprise: receiving an image; generating an avatar with a trained neural network based on the image, the trained neural network predicting multiple trait values for the avatar; and sending a message with the generated avatar.

Avatars are graphical representations of users used in computing systems, such as video games, messaging systems, Internet forums, etc. Avatars can be used to graphically identify a message sender. Typically, users can select an avatar from a preset list or upload an avatar image. Alternatively, users can design their own avatars.


A liquid crystal display (LCD) capable of preventing spots from being generated by difference in brightness caused by variation in a gap between substrates is provided. The LCD includes a first pad unit positioned on an upper corner of a lower substrate, a second pad unit positioned on a lower corner of the lower substrate diagonally across from the first pad unit, an integrated circuit electrically connected to the first pad unit and the second pad unit, and dummy pads positioned on the other upper corner of the lower substrate. The dummy pads are substantially symmetrical with second pads included in the second pad unit thus helping maintain the gap between the substrates uniform.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display, and more particularly to, a liquid crystal display capable of preventing spots from being generated by difference in brightness of various regions of the display.
2. Discussion of Related Art
Recently, various flat panel displays (FPDs) having a lower weight and volume than cathode ray tubes (CRTs) have been developed. The FPDs include liquid crystal displays (LCDs), field emission displays (FEDs), plasma display panels (PDPs), and organic light emitting displays (OLEDs).
Among the FPDs, the LCDs are small and light and have low power consumption. Therefore, the LCDs have been in the spotlight as substitutes that can overcome the disadvantages of the conventional CRTs. Currently, the LCDs are used in large monitors and TVs as well as in portable devices such as mobile telephones and personal digital assistants (PDA). Passive matrix LCDs having low power consumption are often used for portable display devices.
FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional passive matrix LCD.
Referring to FIG. 1, the conventional passive matrix LCD includes a liquid crystal panel 2, a data driver 8 for driving data lines D1 to Dm of the liquid crystal panel 2, and a scan driver 6 for driving scan lines S1 to Sn of the liquid crystal panel 2.
The liquid crystal panel 2 includes pixels 4 positioned where the scan lines S1 to Sn and the data lines D1 to Dm cross over one another. The pixels 4 are selected when scan signals are supplied to the scan lines S1 to Sn to emit light components corresponding to data signals supplied to the data lines D1 to Dm.
The scan driver 6 sequentially supplies the scan signals to the scan lines S1 to Sn in accordance with control signals from a timing controller that is not shown.
The data driver 8 generates the data signals in accordance with the control signals from the timing controller and supplies the generated data signals to the data lines D1 to Dm in synchronization with the scan signals.
The conventional LCD is obtained by attaching an upper substrate and a lower substrate to each other. As illustrated in FIG. 2, an integrated circuit 10 is mounted on a lower substrate 12 of the LCD used for a portable device (for example, a mobile telephone). The circuits of the scan driver 6 and the data driver 8 are included in the integrated circuit 10. Therefore, the integrated circuit 10 is commonly connected to the data lines D1 to Dm and the scan lines S1 to Sn.
Pixels (not shown) are arranged in a matrix in an effective display region 20 of the lower substrate 12. The data lines D1 to Dm formed in the effective display region 20 are electrically connected to the integrated circuit 10 to receive the data signals from the integrated circuit 10. On the other hand, first pads 14 are formed on a first side of the effective display region 20 and second pads 16 are formed on a second side of the effective display region 20 opposite the first side. The first pads 14 are positioned near an upper side of the effective display region 20 and are electrically connected to the integrated circuit 10, and the second pads 16 are positioned near a lower side of the effective display region 20 and are electrically connected to the integrated circuit 10. When an upper substrate that is not shown and the lower substrate 12 are attached to each other or coupled together, the first pads 14 are electrically connected to the scan lines S1 to Sn/2 positioned in the upper part of the effective display region 20 of the upper substrate and the second pads 16 are electrically connected to the scan lines Sn/2+1 to Sn positioned in the lower part of the effective display region 20 of the upper substrate.
In the conventional LCD, the scan lines S1 to Sn and the data lines D1 to Dm are connected to the integrated circuit 10 and the effective display region 20 displays a predetermined image in response to the scan signals and the data signals supplied from the integrated circuit 10.
Dummy pads 18 are formed adjacent to the second pads 16. The dummy pads 18 are used for maintaining a gap when the upper substrate and the lower substrate 12 are attached to each other. This gap corresponds to a cell gap created by formation of liquid crystal cells between the two substrates. However, in the conventional LCD, spots are generated by difference in brightness in the parts where the dummy pads 18 are formed and/or on the boundaries between the dummy pads 18 and the second pads 16. The spots are generated by non-uniformity in the heights of the dummy pads 18 and the second pads 16 when the upper substrate and the lower substrate 12 are attached to each other.


Embodiments of systems and methods for providing anonymous cloud encryption are provided. One embodiment of a method for providing anonymous cloud encryption includes communicating an anonymizing token to a key broker. Additionally, the method may include communicating at least one encryption key associated with the anonymizing token to the key broker. The method may also include conducting a secure anonymous transaction with a cloud service using at least one of the encryption keys associated with the anonymizing token.

Current trends in the computer industry are leading to increasingly distributed systems. Computer users may now have access to a variety of computer platforms in a given day. For example, many computer users have a desktop computer for home use. Some users may also have a laptop computer for use at school or work. Additionally, some users may have access to tablet computers for mobile computing. Additionally, a computer user may have access to a mobile computing device, such as a smartphone with mobile computing capabilities. It is quite common that a computer user would own several of these devices for home or personal use.
In addition, it is common for a computer user to access a whole different set of computing devices at school or work. Each set of computing devices may have access to different networks. For example, the user's personal devices may have access to his home or public network, but not to his work network. Similarly, school networks may be secured, and restrict access to personal devices. Unfortunately, the computer user is often restricted from taking computing devices from work or school to his home. Therefore, the computer user may have access to several computing devices during a single day, but those computing devices may not be easily transportable or accessible outside of a given network. Thus, a computer user's computing experience may be fragmented or compartmentalized based on their current location.
Discrete access to computing devices, files, folders, and applications can be a disadvantage. For example, many computer users wish to access work documents and applications at home. Similarly, computer users often wish to access home files, such as music and other media files, while at work. In a culture where the lines between home and work are often blurred, it is a disadvantage to have discrete access to computing resources.
Computer users may also wish to collaborate with others to jointly develop a project. For example, co-workers may wish to collaborate on a document or presentation. Software development teams may wish to collaborate to develop software code and applications. Many other examples exist. It can be difficult to collaborate with a co-worker, particularly when the co-worker is located in a remote office or location. Collaboration is further complicated when document security is a concern.
In the past, computer users have often transported files and folders between computing devices using storage disks, such as flash memory drives, floppy disks, portable hard drive devices, etc. Portable data storage may not be optimal because some storage devices may be incompatible with some computing devices, portable storage devices may become lost or broken, and many companies are restricting access to foreign data storage devices for security protection.
Cloud resources have recently developed as a viable solution, thus computer systems are becoming more distributed. For example, a cloud resource could include cloud storage for storing data files and folders, cloud servers for hosting cloud-based applications, cloud access to peripheral resources such as computers and scanners, and other cloud-based objects, both hardware and software. Security is a concern for cloud resources, and consequently, a computer user's actions on a cloud resource are typically tracked and logged.


A computer workstation includes a worksurface horizontally moveable from a first worksurface position to a second worksurface position. At least a portion of the worksurface rotates about a horizontal axis as the worksurface is moved from the first worksurface position to the second worksurface position. A monitor support is moveable horizontally and vertically and moveably coupled to the worksurface. The worksurface or the monitor support is moveable in response to a movement of the other of the worksurface and the monitor support.

The present invention relates generally to a computer workstation, and in particular, to a computer workstation having a movable monitor support. In many instances, a user of a computer workstation is seated at the workstation in a tiltable chair. Typically, as the user tilts rearwardly, the position of the eyes of the user travels rearwardly at a greater rate into a greater distance relative to a monitor positioned at the workstation than does the position of the hands of the user located at a keyboard positioned on the workstation. Accordingly, the user is typically required to independently readjust one or both of the worksurface, if movable, and the monitor support, if movable, when reclining to different positions to maintain an optimum position of each relative to the user, and in particular to the eyes and hands of the user.

Computer workstation with movable monitor support


An adjustable steering column assembly for a vehicle comprises an upper shroud portion (8) which is adapted to receive a steering column (1, 2), a lower guide portion (7) which is adapted to support the shroud portion (8) and be secured to a mounting bracket (14) fixed relative to the chassis of the vehicle, a connecting pin (13) which projects through an elongate opening provided in the fixed bracket (14), an opening in the lower guide portion (7) and an elongate opening in the upper shroud portion (8), a toothed rail member (19) which is connected to the upper-shroud portion by an energy absorbing device (22), and an operating lever (17) which is operatively connected to the connecting pin (13). The pin (13) carries a toothed member (20) provided on an end of the connecting pin nearest the steering column (1,2) which engages with the toothed rail member when the pin (13) is drawn towards the fixed bracket by operation of the operating lever to a locked position to clamp the toothed rail member, the upper shroud and the guide portion onto the fixed mounting bracket. This permits the assembly to collapse under control of the energy absorbing member (22) in the event of a crash.

This invention relates to an improved steering assembly for a road vehicle such as a passenger car. It in particular relates to a steering assembly of the electric power assisted steering (EPAS) type.
EPAS assemblies include an electric motor, which acts through a gearbox and optionally a clutch to apply an assistance torque to a steering shaft of a vehicle. The driver turns the steering shaft by applying a torque to a steering wheel, which is transferred to the steering shaft. The assistance torque applied by the motor acts to help the driver to turn the steering wheel, reducing the effort required for steering the vehicle.
The steering shaft and the motor need accurately to be held in a fixed position relative to one another during normal operation of the vehicle. However, in the event of an accident involving a rapid deceleration of the vehicle it is desirable for the steering assembly to collapse allowing the steering wheel to move towards the front of the vehicle under the weight of the driver. This has in the past been achieved in many ways. In one arrangement the steering shaft is manufactured as a single component with weakenings along its length permitting it to collapse axially by a controlled deformation as a force is applied to the steering wheel. In an alternative, it is known to provide a two-part steering shaft in which one part slides axially over the other as a force is applied to the steering wheel.
As well as allowing the steering shaft to collapse it is essential to permit the shroud, which encloses and supports the shaft to collapse. An example of such an arrangement is taught in our earlier application No. GB 9716747.2 In the assembly described in that application the shroud is provided in two sections with one section sliding into the other. To locate the steering shaft the lower section (furthest from the steering wheel) has two annular bearings, which support the steering shaft at spaced locations.
In some applications, typically on higher specification vehicles, it is also desirable for the steering wheel to be adjustable both for rake and for reach. Reach adjustment requires axial movement of the steering wheel away from or towards the driver. Such a range of adjustment permits the driver to obtain a more comfortable driving position. This further complicates the design of the steering assembly.
In many cases there is often a very limited space within which the collapsible assembly can be located. At least part of this space may be taken up by the electric motor and its housing making the provision of adequate crash protection a more demanding challenge than on a more traditional non-assisted steering system.
A collapsible assembly is known from EP0836981. and corresponding U.S. Pat. No. 5,988,679 which is incorporated by reference herein, in which both rake and reach adjustment can be made from a single lever. In use, a set of teeth on the end of a connecting pin are urged by the lever into engagement with a corresponding set of teeth formed on a shroud of a steering column. In the event of a crash the pin is intended to shear at a weakened section allowing the assembly to collapse. This has the disadvantage that a new pin is required after a collision and the shearing of the pin makes it inherently weak.

TRW Lucas Varity Electric Steering Limited


A closed cylindrical storage device for fishing hooks and attached leaders wherein a hollow spool is captured within an outer shell. The hollow spool is divided into sections for containing the hook, and the leaders extend through gates and are wound about the exterior of the spool as dictated by the individual gate. Relative rotation between the spool and its exterior shell is limited to one direction.

The need for a convenient, easy to use, small storage device for pre-tied hooks and leaders has long been recognized. The storage container needs to be small enough to be easily carried upon the person, capable of storing a plurality of hooks and leaders and constructed such that an individual hook and leader can be extracted without disturbing the remaining hooks and leaders.
The storage device for hooks and leaders must be capable of ease of use in adverse conditions such as poor light and chill without compromising the underlying purpose of supplying a plurality of pre-tied hooks very quickly.
Previous attempts at storage containers similar in purpose or construction to the present invention include U.S. Pat. No. 1,817,562 to Hodge, Aug. 4, 1931, which discloses a storage device for flies or the like which is in the form of a closed, relatively flat cylinder divided by radially extending walls but with no provision for winding leader.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,850,074 granted to Crandall, Mar. 22, 1932, discloses a cylindrical container having a rotatably mounted spool for fish lines, as well as a central divided storage compartment but provides means for selectively removing a line secured to a hook or the like without tangling the line.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,517,866 and 2,517,867 to Glahn, Aug. 8, 1950, discloses a multi-compartment, short cylindrical device for storing items such as fish lures, as well as a plurality of strands of leader material wrapped in separate coaxial spools within a unitary container.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,585,327 to Johnson et al, Feb. 12, 1952, discloses a dispensing reel for fishing leaders including a hollow disk including a plurality of radially dispersed tongues forming a reel tube placed within a container.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,036,451 to Pipkin, Jul. 19, 1977, discloses a hook and leader storage device wherein the hooks are stored in the center of the spool-like device upon which the leader is wound, the spool is mounted for rotation within a closed, cylindrical shell.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,200,249 granted to Synstelien et al, Apr. 29, 1980, discloses a storage device for fishing leader and other accessories, including a bobbin having a brake and an extended storage container for securement to the wearer's belt or the like.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,563,834 to Spencer, Jan. 14, 1986, discloses a container for fishing tackle including a cylindrical device for containing flies or the like in several segmented section of an elongated cylinder and a place for storing fishing leader at one end of the cylinder.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,702,035 to Palm, Oct. 27, 1987, discloses a storage container including a central portion having posts for storing the bulky end of a device secured to a flexible member which is then wound around the exterior of the cylindrical center section.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,813,173 to Abbotoy, Mar. 21, 1989, discloses a fishing lure container comprising a plurality of open ended cylinders contained within a larger master cylinder for storing fishing lures or the like. There is a provision for rotation for dispensing.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,862,635 to Conte, Sep. 5, 1989, discloses a snelled fishhook case which includes a cylindrical inner portion having radial wall upon which a hook can be placed and then the leader wrapped around the exterior. A cylindrical container and caps are likewise provided, and there is provision for axially joining more than one container.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,942,691 to Hwang, Jul. 24, 1990, discloses a cylindrical fishline storage box which includes a hollow cylinder for storage and magnetic plate for securing the hooks.


A method of bonding first and second circuit boards includes applying a light-sensitive adhesive over the first electrodes on a first circuit board and the areas where the first electrodes are not formed, and drying the applied adhesive to form a light-sensitive adhesive layer having the light-sensitive adhesive layer exposed selectively to active rays of light and performing development to remove only the light-sensitive adhesive layer on the first electrodes, and then performing a heat treatment to impart bonding quality to the light-sensitive adhesive layer remaining between adjacent first electrodes, placing the first and second circuit boards one on top of the other and thermocompressing the two circuit boards to have the first electrodes connected electrically to the second electrodes to form a single circuit board; and performing a heat treatment and/or exposure to active rays of light on the formed single circuit board.

The present invention relates to a method of bonding circuit boards. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of bonding circuit boards that enables two fine-line patterned electrodes to be connected positively using a light-sensitive adhesive that exhibits bonding quality upon heat treatment.
The present invention also relates to an integrated circuit device connecting method by which fine electrode pads, such as on an LSI, can be connected to electrode terminals on a mounting base.