A mounting apparatus for securing a data storage device (10) defining a number of fixing apertures (101) includes a bracket assembly (20), and a number of resilient gaskets (30). The bracket assembly comprises a first bracket (210), and a second bracket (220). The first bracket comprises a bottom panel (211), and a side panel (212). The second bracket includes a vertical plate (222) secured to the bottom panel of the first bracket. A number of positioning strips (204) some with a tab (206) extend perpendicularly from the bracket assembly to position the resilient gaskets respectively. The vertical plate is resiliently and outwardly moved to sandwich the data storage device in the bracket assembly. The data storage device is secured with the tabs engaging with the fixing apertures thereof.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mounting apparatus for a data storage device, and more particularly to an apparatus which is convenient to use and has good shock absorbing ability
2. Description of Related Art
A typical data storage device mounting assembly is usually directly mounted to a computer case with a plurality of screws. However, a screwdriver or other detaching toolings are necessary for installation or removal of the screws, which causes inconvenience and time-consuming issues in the data storage device assembly or disassembly process.
A typical data storage device mounting assembly is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,349,483. The hard disk mounting assembly comprises a container, a hard disk drive (HDD) and a cover. A top face of the container defines a rectangular entrance and four screw holes are defined at four corner portions of the rectangular container. The HDD defines a plurality of screw apertures at a top face thereof. The cover defines a plurality of fixing openings corresponding to the screw apertures of the HDD and the screw holes of the container. A plurality of bolts penetrates respectively through the fixing openings of the cover and is received in corresponding screw apertures of the HDD, thereby connecting the cover with the HDD. The HDD is received in the container and fixed to the container by screws penetrating through the fixing openings of the cover and received in the corresponding screw holes of the container. However, the conventional hard disk mounting assembly disclosed above must utilize a screwdriver or other detaching tooling for installation or removal of the screws, which causes time-consuming issue in the hard disk assembly or disassembly process. In addition, mounting or detaching the HDD by means of a screwdriver or other additional tools in the limited inner space of a computer case is unduly inconvenient.
Another typical data storage device mounting assembly is disclosed in Taiwan Patent Publication No. 371062. The hard disk mounting assembly comprises a chassis and a fixing bracket. A HDD is contained in the bracket. The chassis forms a pair of first slideways and defines a pair of screw apertures. A top face of the fixing bracket forms a pair of second slideways paralleling with each other corresponding to the first slideways of the chassis and a pair of fixing pieces perpendicularly extending from the top face of the bracket. Each fixing piece defines a fixing hole. In assembly, the HDD is received in the bracket. The second slideways of the bracket slide along the first slideways of the chassis. A pair of bolts respectively penetrates through the corresponding fixing holes of the bracket and is partially received in the screw apertures of the chassis, thereby mounting the HDD to the chassis. However, a suspension attaching means adopted in the conventional data storage device mounting assembly disclosed thereof often causes vibration issue and can hardly provide a firm fixation of the HDD. In addition, the bracket of the conventional data storage device mounting assembly is attached to the chassis by screws. A screwdriver or other detaching tools for installation or removal of the screws is necessary, which is unduly inconvenient and laborious. Furthermore, the directly attaching means of the conventional data storage device mounting assembly hardly absorbs any vibration of the bracket or the chassis.

Mounting apparatus for data storage device

Bao-an District, Shenzhen, Quangdong Province

Hong Fu Jin Precision Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.


A radio transceiver includes circuitry that enables received RF signals to be down-converted to baseband frequencies and baseband signals to be up-converted to RF signals prior to transmission without requiring conversion to an intermediate frequency. The circuitry includes a temperature sensing module that produce accurate voltage level readings may be mapped into corresponding temperature values. A processor, among other actions, adjusts gain level settings based upon detected temperature values. One aspect of the present invention further includes repetitively inverting voltage signals across a pair of semiconductor devices beings used as temperature sensors to remove a common mode signal to produce an actual temperature-voltage curve. In one embodiment of the invention, the circuitry further includes a pair of amplifiers to facilitate setting a slope of the voltage-temperature curve.

1. Technical Field
This invention relates generally to communication systems and, more particularly, to Radio Frequency (RF) signal amplification within wireless devices operating in wireless communication systems.
2. Related Art
Communication systems are known to support wireless and wire lined communications between wireless and/or wired communication devices. Such communication systems range from national and/or international cellular telephone systems to the Internet to point-to-point in-home wireless networks. Each type of communication system is constructed, and hence operates, in accordance with one or more communication standards. For instance, wireless communication systems may operate in accordance with one or more standards including, but not limited to, IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, advanced mobile phone services (AMPS), digital AMPS, global system for mobile communications (GSM), code division multiple access (CDMA), wireless application protocol (WAP), local multi-point distribution systems (LMDS), multi-channel-multi-point distribution systems (MMDS), and/or variations thereof.
Depending on the type of wireless communication system, a wireless communication device, such as a cellular telephone, two-way radio, personal digital assistant (PDA), personal computer (PC), laptop computer, home entertainment equipment, etc., communicates directly or indirectly with other wireless communication devices. For direct communications (also known as point-to-point communications), the participating wireless communication devices tune their receivers and transmitters to the same channel of the other parties (e.g., one of the plurality of radio frequency (RF) carriers of the wireless communication system) and exchange information over that channel. For indirect wireless communications, each wireless communication device communicates directly with an associated base station (e.g., for cellular services) and/or an associated access point (e.g., for an in-home or in-building wireless network) via an assigned channel. To complete a communication connection between the wireless communication devices, the associated base stations and/or associated access points communicate with each other directly, via a system controller, via the public switch telephone network, via the Internet, and/or via some other wire lined or wireless network.
Each wireless communication device includes a built-in radio transceiver (i.e., receiver and transmitter) or is coupled to an associated radio transceiver (e.g., a station for in-home and/or in-building wireless communication networks, RF modem, etc.) to participate in wireless communications. As is known, the receiver receives RF signals, removes the RF carrier frequency from the RF signals via one or more intermediate frequency stages, and demodulates the signals in accordance with a particular wireless communication standard to recapture the transmitted data. The transmitter converts data into RF signals by modulating the data in accordance with the particular wireless communication standard and adds an RF carrier to the modulated data in one or more intermediate frequency stages to produce the RF signals.
As is also known, the receiver is coupled to the antenna and includes a low noise amplifier (LNA), zero or more intermediate frequency (IF) stages, a filtering stage, and a data recovery stage in many designs. The low noise amplifier receives an inbound RF signal via the antenna and amplifies it. The down converters mix the amplified RF signal with one or more local oscillations to convert the amplified RF signal into a baseband signal or an intermediate frequency signal. As used herein, the term "low IF" refers to both baseband and low intermediate frequency signals. A filtering stage filters the low IF signals to attenuate unwanted out of band signals to produce a filtered signal. The data recovery stage recovers raw data from the filtered signal in accordance with the particular wireless communication standard.
There is a need today for a wireless transceiver system that allows for full integration of circuit designs that support high data rate and wideband communications. Stated differently, there is a need for wireless transceiver systems formed on an integrated circuit that have the capability to convert between baseband and a specified RF band in a single step to avoid the image rejection problems that are commonly known for IF approach. Thus, it is desirable to design direct conversion radio transceivers to allow a transceiver to be built on one integrated circuit without any image problem.
As the demand for enhanced performance (e.g., reduced interference and/or noise, improved quality of service, compliance with multiple standards, increased broadband applications, etc.), smaller sizes, lower power consumption, and reduced cost, wireless communication device engineers are faced with a very difficult design challenge to develop such a wireless communication device.
To minimize the size and number of discrete circuits within a device, there is a desire to incorporate power amplifiers into a single device on a radio transceiver integrated circuit or device. One problem with integrating radio transceiver circuits with power amplifiers, however, is that the power amplifiers generate significant temperatures that affect device reliability and/or operation. An additional need exists, therefore, for an integrated power amplifier within a transceiver device that addresses the various problems related to increased temperatures generated by the power amplifier of an integrated circuit or device. It is desired to monitor the temperature of the PA and to control the power level to prevent being overheated and reducing its reliability.
More generally, a temperature sensor is a common feature of complex mixed-signal integrated circuits. It is used to compensate for the sensitivity to temperature of integrated circuits such as but not limited to RF amplifiers and active filters. A particularly challenging problem of a temperature sensor is generating an output that is accurate in absolute terms from part to part such that no calibration of the sensor itself is required. Typically the absolute accuracy of a sensor is limited by the stability of process parameters and by circuit imperfections such as amplifier input offset originating from device mismatch.

Temperature sensor insensitive to device offsets with independent adjustment of slope and reference temperature


Disclosed herein are devices for use in transplanting cells. The devices can include a housing defining a cavity; and a support structure separating the cavity into a cell chamber and a reservoir chamber, wherein the support structure comprises a membrane for fluid communication between the cell chamber and reservoir chamber. The cell chamber can define a first opening comprising a microstructure containing an array of micro-channels, each having a diameter to facilitate growth of vascular tissues; and an array of micro-reservoirs, each having a diameter to facilitate housing of cell aggregates individually. The membrane can define a surface area that is at least 50% of a total surface area of the support structure. Methods of treating a subject for a disease condition, such as diabetes, are also disclosed.

Cell therapy has become an attractive option to treat many medical conditions including diabetes. However, it is associated with several challenges like loss of graft function due to cell dispersion and lack of vascularization, and the need for continuous immunosuppression. In spite of early success with intrahepatic transplantation, widespread use of islet transplantation has been hampered by poor long-term survival of the graft (Brennan D. C. et al., Am. J. Transplant. Off. J. Am. Soc. Transplant. Am. Soc. Transpl. Surg. 16(2), 375-730 (2015); Shapiro, A. M. J. et al. N. Engl. J. Med. 355, 1318-30 (2006)). After intra-hepatic or intravascular islet transplantation, graft function is lost rapidly due to dispersion of transplanted tissue, damage to graft caused by blood-mediated inflammatory reaction, and the hypoxic stress due to the limited ingrowth of new blood vessels (Lau, J. et al. Cell Transplant. 18, 23-30 (2009)). High oxygen demand and the need for physiological architecture necessitate a highly vascularized and three-dimensional system for the long-term survival and function of transplanted islets. Conventional immunosuppressant drugs are systemic, causing unwanted side effects and low dosage at the need site. In addition, a minimally invasive and accessible site is fundamental for implantation, replenishment and graft retrieval. Retrievability is important when using engineered stem cells, whose long term fate and potential for tumor formation are not well known. The present disclosure, including materials, devices, and methods disclosed herein address this and other needs.


A method of determining driving signals for a four-color organic electroluminescence device is provided. The driving signals are for displaying a predetermined color. A three-color organic electroluminescence device is a reference. The method comprises: a) defining a value of a white signal equal to the lowest value of a red reference signal, a green reference signal and a blue reference signal; b) defining a value of a red signal equal to the value difference between the red reference signal and the white signal, defining a value of a green signal equal to the value difference between the green reference signal and the white signal, defining a value of a blue signal equal to the value difference between the blue reference signal and the white signal; and c) adjusting the values of the red signal, the green signal or the blue signal for compensating color shifting.

(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to a method of determining driving signals for an organic electroluminescence device, and more particularly, to a full-color Active Matrix organic electroluminescence device, which comprises white organic light emitting diode (OLED).
(2) Description of the Prior Art
Organic electroluminescence device has the advantages of high luminance, high reactive speed, relatively thin and small size, full color and absence of backlight source. Therefore, it has been considered as one of the primary competitors of the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) in the display market. In fact, the organic electroluminescence device has been applied to portable IT (Information Technology) product such as mobile phone, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), digital camera or et cetera.
Technologies about fabricating the organic electroluminescence device are promoted rapidly in response to the market's demands. To display full colors, the typical means is utilizing a red sub-pixel, blue sub-pixel and a green sub-pixel, usually a red OLED, a blue OLED and a green OLED respectively, to compose a pixel. In other words, the traditional method, which is very common in the display field, is utilizing three primary colors to compose other colors that demand. A plurality of the mentioned pixel is arranged as an array and is disposed on the display panel so as to present full-color images. In the following paragraphs, "three-color organic electroluminescence device" indicates this kind of prior art.
Base on the consideration of electricity consumption, another technique was therefore provided. At least one white OLED is used to have a white sub-pixel, a red sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel and a green sub-pixel so as to compose a single pixel having four primary colors. In the following paragraphs, "four-color organic electroluminescence device" indicates this art.
The electricity consumption of the four-color organic electroluminescence device only reaches half, or lower, of the three-color organic electroluminescence device. Its functions are described below correlating with FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B. FIG. 1A is a CIE chromaticity diagram of a prior three-color organic electroluminescence device. FIG. 1B is a CIE chromaticity diagram of a prior four-color organic electroluminescence device.
Please refer to FIG. 1A. While having a pixel display a predetermined color C1, in a three-color organic electroluminescence device, the red sub-pixel generates luminance R1; the blue sub-pixel generates luminance B1; and the green sub-pixel generates luminance G1, so as to compose the predetermined color C1.
Please refer to FIG. 1B. While having a pixel display a predetermined color C1, in a four-color organic electroluminescence device, the white sub-pixel generates luminance W1; the red sub-pixel generates luminance R2; the blue sub-pixel generates luminance B2; and the green sub-pixel generates luminance G2. Because the four-color organic electroluminescence device comprises the white OLED generating the luminance W1; and also because the white color is composed of red, green and blue. Luminance R2, luminance B2 and luminance G2 are respectively lower than luminance R1, luminance B1 and luminance G1 shown in FIG. 1A. In other words, adding the white sub-pixel is able to reduce the electricity consumption of the other three sub-pixels. Therefore, the general advantage of the four-color organic electroluminescence device over the three-color organic electroluminescence device is power saving.
However, there are still several problems to overcome while actually putting the four-color organic electroluminescence device on product lines. For example, the emission spectrum of the white OLED, under different operating voltages, shows relatively large shifting than OLEDs of other colors. Pleas refer to FIG. 2. It shows individual emission spectraspectra of white OLED under operating voltages of 5V, 6V, 7V and 8V, respectively. Obviously, the emission spectraspectra shift at a noteworthy level. As a result, it shows "different white" under different voltages, and the color shifting problem becomes the major drawback of four-color organic electroluminescence device.
The white OLED is relatively unstable as the red OLED, blue OLED and the green OLED. Under different operating voltages, the white OLED shows different white. Therefore, the proportion of red, green and blue from the white sub-pixel changes under different voltages. This may result in a drawback of color distortion. For this reason, to provide a four-color organic electroluminescence device, which has the remarkable power saving property, without the mentioned color distortion problem is the primary aim of the present invention.

Method of determining OLED driving signal


A high resolution, high reliability, magnetically coupled, linear position sensor (50) provides a means of determining the position of an object (51) using a methodology that does not require a direct mechanical or physical connection between the sensor (50) and the object (53) whose position is to be determined. The sensor (50) can operate in a high temperature, high pressure fluid with exposure to moderate levels of radioactivity. The sensor (50) utilizes dual rod elements with a magnetically coupled bridging contact slider (51) supported by a ceramic guide all of which are contained within a non magnetic pressure housing. The topology of the sensor (50) supports at least two types of measurement techniques, Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) as well as linear resistive to determine target (51) position.

1. Technical Field
The invention relates to the determination of the physical linear position of an object that in itself is located in a harsh environment, and more particularly, includes systems required in the field of nuclear power generators.
2. Background Art
There are many position sensors and range detectors that are commercially available. Some of these are known to use the measuring technique of linear resistive sensing. However, these known measuring schemes and devices cannot operate in the harsh environments, such as high temperature, high pressure, or various fluid environments, which this invention can. Moreover, no such position sensors are known to operate continuously within the core of a nuclear reactor.
The present invention is a high resolution, high reliability, magnetically coupled, linear position sensor that provides a means of determining the position of an object using a methodology that does not require a hard mechanical or physical connection between the sensor and the object whose position is to be determined. The present invention can operate in harsh environments such as those having high temperature (650° F., 343° C.), high pressure (2500 psia, 172 Bars, 17236893 Pa), or various fluid (air, water, oil, etc.) with exposure to moderate levels and types of radioactivity, including those characteristic of a nuclear power plant core having neutron flux, gamma ray, heat, and other radiations. The sensor utilizes dual rod elements with a magnetically coupled bridging contact "slider" supported by a ceramic guide all of which are contained within a non magnetic pressure housing. The topology of the sensor supports at least two types of measurement techniques, Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) as well as linear resistive to determine target position.
Although the nature of each component of the sensor is simple as considered individually, the collective application of the rod elements, spherical shaped slider, and the ceramic guide are a novel approach to provide a high resolution, high reliability sensor. Moreover, all of the materials used to fabricate the components as described herein are selected to satisfy the temperature operating range, which may be a nontrivial determination.
The inserted position of a control rod assembly used in a nuclear reactor core must be determined with high accuracy. Additionally, incremental linear motions of the control rod assembly must be determined so that the need for a measuring sensor with high resolution is necessary. This capability allows the most efficient management of nuclear control rod consumption promoting a high efficiency. It is also a redundant means of verifying a SCRAM function. All existing reactor plant control rod sensors are strictly used outside of the reactor core through extensions of the control rod into an integrated standpipe within the reactor head. To minimize complexity, this sensor will operate within the reactor core, utilizing only a small penetration for wiring.
The result of this or similar applications is that the position sensor will see a very harsh environment. It can be immersed in water (the reactor coolant media). The pressures can be as high as 2500 psig (17236893 Pa, 172 Bars). The temperature will range from −32° F. (−36° C.) to a maximum of 650° F. (343° C.), additionally the sensor will be exposed to radiation.
The linear position sensor of the present invention solves all of these problems and is adaptable to the other applications mentioned herein.
While the above references introduce and disclose a number of noteworthy advances and technological improvements within the art, none completely fulfills the specific objectives achieved by this invention.

Magnetically coupled, high resolution linear position sensor for use in high temperature, high pressure environment


A data communication system which enables an electronic accessory, such as a computer, to communicate data in both an analog type radiotelephone system and a digital type radiotelephone system. The data communication system first determines in which type of system it is operating and the dual mode radiotelephone (101) then uses the data signal at either the analog input port (104) or the digital input port (105), depending on the type of system.

At least two types of cellular radiotelephone systems are operating in the United States, an analog type and a digital type. The analog type, also know in the art as the advanced mobile phone system (AMPS), was the sole cellular system until capacity demands required that another system having greater capacity be utilized. The digital type system, presently implemented using either code division multiple access (CDMA) or time division multiple access (TDMA) schemes, was invented to relieve the capacity problems of AMPS.
Mobile radiotelephones that are designed to operate in one of the digital systems must also have the capability of operating in AMPS. This allows a mobile radiotelephone user to roam from one geographical area with AMPS to another geographical area with one of the digital schemes. Or the user can decide to switch from one type of system to the other while remaining in the same geographical area due to lack of capacity in the other system.
These cellular systems have greatly increased the mobility of the public. Computers and facsimile machines can now be coupled to mobile telephones, thus allowing data communications, in addition to voice communications, from any location having a cellular system installed.
One problem with coupling a computer with a radiotelephone is that, in an analog system, the data from the computer must be converted into an analog format to be compatible with the AMPS format. This requires a modem between the radiotelephone and the computer, adding weight and expense to the configuration. Yet when the radiotelephone switches to a digital system, the modem is not required since the digital data from the computer can just be reformatted into the digital standard's format before transmission. In this case, the user must remember to disconnect the computer from the modem and reconnect the computer to the radiotelephone. There is a resulting need for a data communications apparatus that does not require the user to reconfigure the connections when changing cellular systems.

Data communication using a dual mode radiotelephone


Methods, systems and apparatus are provided including a proximity payment device reader which includes a reader control program. A first process is executed upon receipt of an activation signal indicating the initiation of a transaction involving a proximity payment device with the reader, the first process causing at least a first signal to be transmitted to a second process, the second process causing the transmission of at least a second signal to the proximity payment device through a transceiver. In some embodiments, the processes may be executed to compare application data received from the payment device to data stored in a transaction log to determine if the proximity payment device was involved in an interrupted transaction. If the proximity payment device was involved in an interrupted transaction a signal is transmitted to the proximity payment device to attempt to retry the interrupted transaction.

Payment cards, such as credit cards, debit cards, stored value cards, or the like are a part of everyday life. For quite some time, most cards had a magnetic stripe to store payment account information which was read by a magnetic stripe reader at a point of sale ("POS") terminal. The magnetic stripe reader would read information including a payment account number from magnetic stripe, and then communicate the information to a payment network for processing. The reading of a magnetic stripe is typically an "all or nothing" type of read. Either the reader successfully reads the information or it doesn't. As a result, POS terminals with magnetic stripe readers are relatively simple devices.
More recently, payment devices that incorporate an integrated circuit ("IC") have been utilized as payment cards. Some of these payment devices are "contactless" payment devices which communicate with a card reader via wireless radio frequency ("RF") communication. One example of a contactless payment device are the so-called "PayPass" payment devices which operate pursuant to standards developed MasterCard International Incorporated, the assignee hereof. Other contactless payment devices and systems are also in use or in development.
It has been proposed that the capabilities of a contactless payment device be incorporated into a mobile telephone, thereby turning the mobile telephone into a contactless payment device. Typically a mobile telephone/contactless payment device includes integrated circuitry with the same functionality as the RFID (radio frequency identification) IC of a contactless payment card. In addition, the mobile telephone/contactless payment device includes a loop antenna similar to that of a contactless payment device that is coupled to the payment-related IC for use in sending and/or receiving messages, via short-distance wireless communications, in connection with a transaction that involves contactless payment.
Contactless payment devices in other form factors, such as key fobs, wristwatches, wristbands and stickers, have also been proposed. It has also been proposed that mobile devices other than mobile telephones—such as PDAs with mobile communication capabilities—may also incorporate contactless payment functionality.
In a typical transaction involving a contactless payment device, the contactless payment device is presented to a contactless reader associated with a terminal (such as a POS terminal). An interrogation process ensues in which the payment device exchanges data with the reader. Device holders who are in a hurry in certain environments (such as where the contactless payment device is used in a transit environment, for example) tend to remove the contactless payment device from communication with the reader quickly. This can result in failed transactions. It would be desirable to provide systems and methods to allow such failed transactions to be recovered or at least identified.
Further, it would be desirable to provide a reader architecture and methods which allow the reader and terminal to act in a synchronized manner, allowing the logic data associated with (or available to) the terminal to be provided to the terminal in a synchronized or stepped process. Still further, it would be desirable to provide a reader which is capable of communication with a variety of different payment device configurations.

Systems and methods for operating transaction terminals


This product is a storage container with a depressible cover that can create an internal vacuum. In doing so it can reduce it's volume, allowing another similar container to be stored inside the initial container without removing its cover. Through these features, this product's primary aims are to preserve food for longer in a vacuum, thereby reducing waste and drastically reducing the amount of space being used for storage (whether it's food in the refrigerator or clothes in the wardrobe).

[1.1] Introduction
This environmentally friendly product (invention) is in the fields of food and drink preservation, food and drink storage, general preservation and general storage. The product covers two fundamental functions [1.2] that will apply to two marketable products [1.3].
[1.2] Functions (2)
The primary functions* of this invention include, but are not limited to:                Creating a vacuum inside a storage container without an additional instrument (e.g. a pump) by depressing the Center-Part of the storage container's cover (or lid). As the Center-Part is depressed, the Stretchable Band, which connects the Center-Part to the Perimeter, also stretches downwards and air from inside the container is forced out through the Vac-Hole. When the inside of the Center-Part makes contact with the item stored within and no more air can be expelled, the Vac-Hole is then sealed, thus creating a vacuum inside the storage container. As a result of this vacuum the Center-Part of the cover will remain depressed.        Creating additional storage space by reducing the internal volume of the storage container(s) through the above action of creating a vacuum and then implementing the stackable feature, if necessary, with other similar containers. *Functions are explained in more detail in Process of Using the Product segments in Section 4.[1.3] Marketable Products (2)
The primary marketable products include, but are not limited to:                A range of different reusable storage containers (with depressible covers) of varying size and design that perform either one or both functions described in [1.2] and that are each customized to their specific market outlined in [1.4].        A range of reusable covers of varying size and design that perform either one or both functions described in [1.2] and that are customized to their specific market outlined in [1.4].[1.4] Target Markets
This reusable storage container or reusable storage cover is targeted at, but not limited to, the following markets (with examples):
[1.4.1] Reusable Storage Container Markets:
                Solid food storage market (e.g. fruit, vegetables, meat, legumes etc.).        Liquid food storage market (e.g. soups, sauces etc.).        Cereals market (e.g. breakfast cereals, pasta, rice etc.).        Beverage storage market (e.g. milk, soft drinks, wine, water etc.).        General storage market (e.g. medical supplies, clothing, children's toys etc.).[1.4.2] Reusable Storage Cover Markets:        Canned food market (e.g. fish, fruit, vegetables, legumes etc.).        Jarred food market (e.g. jelly, peanut butter etc.).        Prepared food market (e.g. prepared meal, leftovers etc.).[1.5] Competition
The four major competitors in this field are (the):                Vacuum sealing machine: The most effective vacuuming process, however it is very expensive, requires continuous purchasing of vacuum bags, uses electricity, not practical, time consuming and messy.        Vacuum storage container: The most similar storage container to this invention, however it requires an additional pump to extract the air from the box, which is not practical. This container also cannot alter its size or volume so there is no storage saving benefit.        Collapsible food storage container: Although this is a space saving product, it generally only serves this function when it is empty. Also has no vacuum capability.        Vacuum Sealed Covers: Has some similarities but is not capable of internally stacking so does not significantly reduce storage space, which is one of my invention's primary claims. Also doesn't have vacuum holes or valves and no fitted covers.        Plastic Wrap: The most conventional and adaptable product in this area. However it is not environmentally friendly as it is not reusable and isn't really suitable for long-term storage as it can't produce a vacuum.[1.6] Identifying the Problems
The problems that this invention is attempting to address are:                Storage: For example, containers that are less than full taking up the storage space of the full container. For example a two-liter volume food or drink container that only contains one liter of product still takes up two liters of space in the refrigerator.        Longevity: For example, most fruit and vegetables, homemade soups, sauces etc. have a short lifespan in the refrigerator. The same is true for drinks like milk. This longevity is further decreased when food is left out of the refrigerator.        Longevity of canned/jarred food after opening: For example, food in cans (e.g. beans, fish, fruit etc.) will quickly expire once air has been let in to the can. This applies to a lesser extent to jarred foods as well (e.g. jelly, peanut butter etc.).        Scattering of items stored within: For example, when people bring food to work or school with them in a lunch box, they normally find that the food is scattered all over the box by the time they open it (e.g. sandwiches that have to be remade).        Wastage: Apart from a huge percentage of household food that is destroyed each year due to expiration, there is also a huge amount of non-reusable products produced each year (e.g. Plastic Wrap, Vacuum Wrap etc.) to address food longevity. Paradoxically these non-reusable products are sent to the same landfill sites as the wasted food.

Vac n' stack (preservation and storage saving product)

Abstract: This product is also available as an airtight cover that can be attached to cans, jars or similar products to provide the ability to simply reseal canned or jarred foods in a vacuum (partial or 100% vacuum) as well as the ability to stack these cans or jars into each other to save storage space. Such airtight covers can also be applied to dishware.

Abstract: While this product has many different designs for different areas, it should be stressed that the functionality of each design remains identical for the purposes of this patent. Therefore this utility patent relates to a covered storage product that can reduce its internal volume by depression of its cover, which is held in place by a vacuum and can be internally stacked according to the definition of internally stacked above.


Disclosed are compositions and shaped articles comprising or produced from the compositions. The compositions can comprise (a) at least one polypropylene polymer and (b) at least one E/X/Y copolymer wherein E comprises ethylene; X is a monomer such as vinyl acetate and alkyl (meth)acrylic esters; and Y is one or more additional comonomers such as carbon monoxide; sulfur dioxide; acrylonitrile; maleic anhydride; maleic acid diesters; (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic acid monoesters, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, fumaric acid monoester, and salts thereof; glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, and glycidyl vinyl ether in which, based on the E/X/Y copolymer, X is from 0 to 50 weight %, Y is from 0 to 35 weight % of said, X and Y cannot both be 0%, and E is the remainder.

Polypropylene compositions with improved mechanical properties have been prepared by adding small amounts of additives to polypropylene. For example, WO 2003/048434 discloses a method for making polypropylene monofilaments by adding to the polypropylene 0.1 to 20% of an additive. EP0080274B1 discloses methods for making polypropylene melt-spun fibers by adding 0.1 to 10% of another polymer that is immiscible in a melt of the polypropylene (in particular, polyhexamethylene adipamide). Polypropylene has also been modified by the addition of small amounts of liquid crystal polymers, polyethylene, polyethylene glycol and nylon 66 (Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1986, 31(8), 2753-68). Blends of polypropylene and ethylene/alkyl acrylate copolymers have been previously disclosed (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 3,433,573).
Thermoplastic materials are commonly used to manufacture various shaped articles which may be utilized in applications such as automotive parts, food containers, signs, packaging materials and the like. Shaped articles comprising polypropylene (PP) homopolymer may be prepared from the molten polymeric material by a number of melt extrusion processes known in the art, such as injection molding, compression molding, blow molding, profile extrusion and the like.
Shaped articles may also be prepared by thermoforming processes, wherein a thermoplastic film or sheet is heated above its softening temperature and formed into a desired shape. This formed sheet of a film or laminate is usually referred to as a forming web. Various systems and devices are used in a thermoforming process, often accompanied by vacuum-assist and plug-assist components to provide the proper forming of the forming web into a predetermined shape. Thermoforming processes and systems are well known in the art.
Examples of molded articles comprising polypropylene include injection molded or compression molded caps or closures for containers. Containers having closures are well known and have a wide variety of uses. For example, they may contain medicines or pharmaceuticals. They may contain drinks, such as water, milk, carbonated or non-carbonated beverages, and the like, or wines or spirits (e.g. gin or whiskey). They may be used to contain foods. They may also be used to contain petroleum products, oil, or household preparations or chemicals such as hair care products, detergents, bleaches and the like. The present invention is applicable to all of these areas of use and many others besides. The function of a closure or cap is to adequately seal the contents of a container against leakage from or into the container. In many instances, the cap is designed for repeated removal and replacement as the consumer accesses the contents of the container.
Closures or caps for such containers are often prepared from thermoplastic compositions such as PP by injection molding or compression molding. PP caps have been disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,550,843; 4,770,309; 4,807,772 and 5,454,476.
Typically polypropylene caps consist of a top and a depending skirt that close around the neck of the container. In some instances caps may comprise continuous or discontinuous threads that provide screw closures to the container and/or snap closures. They may also incorporate dispensing features, tamper-evidence features and child resistant features. Other decorative or functional features may also be present. They may also include combinations with other materials (e.g., caps having metal lid portions or portions utilizing plastic materials other than polypropylene). The PP caps may be linerless (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,770,309) or have a separate liner that is inserted or compression molded into the PP shell of the cap (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,807,772).
Polypropylene caps preferably have sufficient rigidity and strength to provide structural integrity to the closure during assembly and storage of the container while retaining sufficient flexibility to withstand stresses associated with high speed capping operations. Flexibility is also preferred for providing good sealing to the container such as in certain child resistant cap designs.
A problem with polypropylene caps is an unacceptable rate of fracture cracking. Thus, it is desirable to provide PP compositions and shaped articles produced therefrom, such as caps, with improved mechanical properties such as tensile breaking load, tenacity (tensile breaking stress) and elongation to break.

Ethylene copolymer modified polypropylene and shaped articles


A television-watchable refrigerator system and a method for operating the same. A Web pad is detachably mounted on the outer surface of a refrigerator and a television (TV) module or TV antenna module is provided to receive a television signal and wirelessly transmit the received television signal to the Web pad, thereby removing a need for wiring to provide a wired connection of the refrigerator with a television antenna terminal. The TV module or TV antenna module is connected with a television set or television antenna terminal to receive a television signal therefrom and wirelessly transmit the received television signal to the Web pad. The Web pad is detachably mounted on the outer surface of the refrigerator to wirelessly receive the television signal from the TV module or TV antenna module and display it.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a television-watchable refrigerator system and a method for operating the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a television-watchable refrigerator system and a method for operating the same, wherein a Web pad is detachably mounted on the outer surface of a refrigerator and a television (TV) module or TV antenna module is provided to receive a television signal and wirelessly transmit the received television signal to the Web pad. The present invention thus eliminates a need for providing wiring for a wired connection of the refrigerator with television antenna terminal and overcoming limitations in installation locations of the refrigerator resulting from the need for a wired connection.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, refrigerators are home appliances that have inner compartments for storage of food, which are insulated from the external environment to maintain the stored food at a low temperature and preserve it from spoilage and decay so as to keep it in a fresh state for a long time.
Recently, a refrigerator has been developed which has a display unit, a key input unit, a processor for signal processing, etc. to perform a general computer function in a kitchen, in addition to the above-mentioned basic refrigeration function. In particular, such a refrigerator is provided with Internet access devices, such as a local area network (LAN) card and a cable modem, to additionally perform a function of gaining access to an external Internet network. As a result, a user can not only upload/download data to/from a Web page connected over the Internet network, but can also search the connected Web page for desired data.
In the case where a home network is constructed in a building and a plurality of home appliances are connected to the home network, the above-described refrigerator can be used as a home server for centrally controlling the plurality of home appliances. The reason that the refrigerator is used as a home server is that the refrigerator is generally always in its driven or "ON" state, so it is capable of monitoring, in real time, variations in the states of the home appliances connected to the home network.
To this end, the above refrigerator includes, as shown in FIG. 1, display 20, such as a plasma display panel (PDP) or liquid crystal display (LCD), mounted on the outer front surface of the refrigerator R for displaying the state of the refrigerator R externally and performing an input/output operation in a touch pad manner to enable the user to input commands. As a result, the user can confirm the internal conditions of the refrigerator R and data transmitted and received to/from the connected Web page through the display means 20.
In addition, provided that the refrigerator R is equipped with a TV reception card, it will be able to output a television picture (i.e. a video image) through the display 20, thereby enabling the user to watch television in the kitchen.
As shown in FIG. 1, the conventional television-watchable refrigerator R further includes a television reception control unit 10 mounted on the top surface of the refrigerator R for controlling the reception of a television signal and of the television watching. The display 20 is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the refrigerator R and internally connected with the television reception control unit 10 in a wired manner to receive and display a television signal.
The television reception control unit 10 is connected with a television antenna terminal 4, which is typically installed on a wall in the building, via a cable, to receive a television signal from the television antenna terminal 4, as shown in FIG. 1.
The television reception control unit 10 is operated in the following manner to display a television signal through the conventional television-watchable refrigerator R. First, the user inputs a desired channel and television control command through a key input unit (not shown) mounted on the outer surface of the refrigerator R. Then, the television reception control unit 10 receives a television signal of the desired channel from the television antenna terminal 4 in response to the television control command. Thereafter, the television reception control unit 10 separates the received television signal into an audio signal and a video signal and transfers the separated audio and video signals to the display 20 to output them externally.
In the above-mentioned conventional television-watchable refrigerator R, the television reception control unit 10 is mounted integrally with the refrigerator R and connected via the cable with the television antenna terminal 4 which sends a television signal to the control unit 10. For this reason, the refrigerator R must be positioned in the vicinity of the television antenna terminal 4.
If that the refrigerator R is located far away from the television antenna terminal 4, the cable will have to be extended to the place where the refrigerator R is installed, so it (the cable) will be exposed externally. This provides an aesthetically unappealing sight, resulting in a limitation in places suitable for installation of the refrigerator R.
Moreover, in an old house or apartment, the television antenna terminal 4 may be limitedly installed in a parlor or living room. In this case, the user cannot use the television watching function in the kitchen where the refrigerator is located, thereby reducing its utility.

Television-watchable refrigerator system and method for operating the same


A fiber placement head movable with respect to a surface, for placing fiber tows thereon, including a feed assembly for feeding the tows to a front end of the feed assembly where the feed assembly includes first and second sets of feed tow guides, an applicator assembly at the front end to receive the tows and apply such to the surface where the applicator assembly includes first and second sets of applicator tow guides, and a device for rotating the applicator assembly relative to the feed assembly between first and second positions. In the first position, the first set of applicator guides is aligned with the first set of feed guides, and in the second position, the first set of applicator guides is aligned with the second set of feed guides. The head moves relative to the surface in a first direction when the applicator assembly is in the first position and then moves in a second direction when the applicator assembly is in the second position, to apply the tows, where the first and second directions are generally opposite each other. The head further includes a heater having an outlet near the front end and a manifold to receive hot air from the heater and distribute such to the surface. The manifold includes first and second inlets to receive the air where the first inlet is aligned with the heater in the first position, and the second inlet is aligned with the heater in the second position.

Composite materials such as thermoset resin materials are well known and widely used in the aerospace industry and other industries where materials having a high strength to weight ratio, high temperature tolerance and good corrosion resistance are desirable. Composite structures are often formed by overlapping layers of a fibrous strands or tows impregnated with a thermosetting resin (e.g., graphite fiber impregnated with a matrix material such as epoxy). Fiber placement machines such as the one shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,110,395, for example, are used to apply a number of individual fiber tows side-by-side to form parts having relatively complex shapes, such as parts having contoured or arcuate surfaces. The fiber placement machine includes a creel assembly comprising a number of spools of tows from which tows are individually fed to a fiber placement head. The tows are fed side-by-side from the head onto the surface of a mandrel or tool, for example, to form a fiber band which is pressed onto the surface by a compaction roller or shoe.
Prior art fiber placement machines such as described above, are operable to lay the fiber tows as the head traverses the surface in only one direction (i.e., forward but not rearward). The fiber placement head is positioned along one edge of the surface and lays a row of tows in one direction along the surface, following which the tows are cut. The head is then moved in a reverse direction and repositioned to a location on the edge of the surface adjacent the first row of tows to lay a second row of tows in the same forward direction. Since the machine does not lay tows while travelling in the reverse direction, the time required for the fiber placement head to travel back along the surface to reposition the head is wasted. For large parts this dead time significantly reduces the efficiency of the fiber placement head.


A protein scaffold based on a consensus sequence of fibronectin type III (FN3) proteins, such as the tenth FN3 repeat from human fibronectin (human Tenascin), including isolated nucleic acids that encode a protein scaffold, vectors, host cells, and methods of making and using thereof, exhibit enhanced thermal and chemical stability while presenting six modifiable loop domains which can be engineered to form a binding partner capable of binding to a target for applications in diagnostic and/or therapeutic compositions, methods and devices.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to protein scaffolds with novel properties, including the ability to bind to cellular targets. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a protein scaffold based on a consensus sequence of a fibronectin type III (FN3) repeat.
2. Discussion of the Field
Monoclonal antibodies are the most widely used class of therapeutic proteins when high affinity and specificity for a target molecule are desired. However, non-antibody proteins that can be engineered to bind such targets are also of high interest in the biopharmaceutical industry. These "alternative scaffold" proteins may have advantages over traditional antibodies due to their small size, lack of disulphide bonds, high stability, and ability to be expressed in prokaryotic hosts. Novel methods of purification are readily applied; they are easily conjugated to drugs/toxins, penetrate efficiently into tissues and are readily formatted into multispecific binders (Skerra 2000 J Mol Recognit 13(4): 167-87; Binz and Pluckthun 2005 Curr Opin Biotechnol 16(4): 459-69).
One such alternative scaffold is the immunoglobulin (Ig) fold. This fold is found in the variable regions of antibodies, as well as thousands of non-antibody proteins. It has been shown that one such Ig protein, the tenth fibronectin type III (FN3) repeat from human fibronectin, can tolerate a number of mutations in surface exposed loops while retaining the overall Ig-fold structure. Thus, libraries of amino acid variants have been built into these loops and specific binders selected to a number of different targets (Koide et al. 1998 J Mol Biol 284(4): 1141-51; Karatan et al. 2004 Chem Biol 11(6): 835-44). Such engineered FN3 domains have been found to bind to targets with high affinity, while retaining important biophysical properties (Parker et al. 2005 Protein Eng Des Sel 18(9): 435-44).
Desirable physical properties of potential alternative scaffold molecules include high thermal stability and reversibility of thermal folding and unfolding. Several methods have been applied to increase the apparent thermal stability of proteins and enzymes, including rational design based on comparison to highly similar thermostable sequences, design of stabilizing disulfide bridges, mutations to increase alpha-helix propensity, engineering of salt bridges, alteration of the surface charge of the protein, directed evolution, and composition of consensus sequences (Lehmann and Wyss 2001 Curr Opin Biotechnol 12(4): 371-5). High thermal stability is a desired property of such scaffolds as it may increase the yield of recombinant protein obtained, improve solubility of the purified molecule, improve activity of intracellular scaffolds, decrease immunogenicity, and minimize the need of a cold chain in manufacturing.

Stabilized fibronectin domain compositions, methods and uses


An unmanned aerial vehicle having a toroidal fuselage structure that surrounds a pair of coaxial, multi-bladed, counter-rotating rotors. The toroidal fuselage structure is optimized to provide a highly efficient structure for reacting aerodynamic flight loads and rotor thrust loads of the UAV. The toroidal fuselage structure is further optimized to provide weight efficiency for minimizing power requirements.

There has been a recent resurgence in the interest in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for performing a variety of missions where the use of manned flight vehicles is not deemed appropriate, for whatever reason. Such missions include surveillance, reconnaissance, target acquisition and/or designation, data acquisition, communications datalinking, decoy, jamming, harassment, or one-way supply flights. This interest has focused mainly on UAVs having the archetypical airplane configuration, i.e., a fuselage, wings having horizontally mounted engines for translational flight, and an empennage, as opposed to "rotor-type" UAVs, for several reasons.
First, the design, fabrication, and operation of "winged" UAVs is but an extrapolation of the manned vehicle flight art, and therefore, may be accomplished in a relatively straightforward and cost effective manner. In particular, the aerodynamic characteristics of such UAVs are well documented such that the pilotage (flight operation) of such vehicles, whether by remote communications datalinking of commands to the UAV and/or software programming of an on-board flight computer, is relatively simple.
In addition, the range and speed of such UAVs is generally superior to rotor-type UAVs. Moreover, the weight-carrying capacity of such UAVs is generally greater than rotor-type UAVs such that winged UAVs may carry a larger mission payload and/or a larger fuel supply, thereby increasing the vehicle's mission efficiency. These characteristics make winged UAVs more suitable than rotor-type UAVs for certain mission profiles involving endurance, distance, and load capability. Winged UAVs, however, have one glaring deficiency that severely limits their utility.
More specifically, winged UAVs do not have a fixed spatial point "loiter" capability. For optimal performance of many of the typical mission profiles described hereinabove, it is desirable that the UAV have the capability to maintain a fixed spatial frame of reference with respect to static ground points for extended periods of time, e.g., target acquisition. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the flight characteristics of winged UAVs are such that winged UAVs cannot maintain a fixed spatial frame of reference with respect to static ground points, i.e., loiter. Therefore, mission equipment for winged UAVs must include complex, sensitive, and costly motion-compensating means to suitably perform such mission profiles, i.e., maintenance of a constant viewing azimuth for static ground points.
Rotor-type UAVs, in contrast, are aerodynamically suited for such loiter-type mission profiles. The rotors of the main rotor assembly of such UAVs may be operated so that the UAV hovers at a fixed spatial frame of reference with respect to static ground points. Maximum hover efficiency is typically achieved through the use of a shrouded duct configuration. The duct acts to direct the rotor-driven air in an almost purely downward direction, thereby providing aircraft lift.
Prior art ducted rotor-type UAV designs have utilized various structural configurations to shroud the rotors within the fuselage of the aircraft, wherein one such configuration utilizes a toroidal fuselage structure. Toroidal structures are generally closed-cell, continuous ring shapes having inherently high structural stiffness. Examples of such a toroidal fuselage structure are described in commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 5,152,478, entitled AN UNMANED FLIGHT VEHICLE INCLUDING COUNTER ROTATING ROTORS POSITIONED WITHIN A TOROIDAL SHROUD AND OPERABLE TO PROVIDE ALL REQUIRED VEHICLE FLIGHT CONTROLS, and commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 5,150,857, entitled GEOMETRY FOR UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES. In general, prior art ducted rotor-type UAVs have not addressed the design considerations necessary for achieving structural and lightweight efficiency.
One prior art toroidal fuselage structure utilized a substantially flat duct portion with removable C-shaped cover portions attached around its periphery. The cover portions were stiffened through the use of equally spaced bulkhead structures that were riveted thereon. These bulkhead structures were needed to react the loads associated with the high suction profile that exists on the upper surface of the toroidal structure. The flat duct portion consisted of a continuous honeycomb sandwich structure for preventing bending of the duct due to the suction loads and furthermore for supporting mission payload equipment and subassemblies that were mounted directly thereon. Since the duct portion alone lacked sufficient strength to accommodate all flight loads, it was necessary that the cover portions be sufficiently stiff and structurally strong to react loads tending to distort the fuselage contour (in a circumferential direction). The configuration resulted in an extremely heavy solution.
Prior toroidal shroud configurations also employed a variety of strut configurations to attach the rotor assembly to the fuselage. A four strut configuration was thought to be sufficient to transfer rotor loads efficiently, however this combination resulted in severe deflections of the strut members and distortion or "egging" of the toroidal fuselage. The distortion of the toroidal fuselage may result in blade contact with the duct wall. Structural modifications to stiffen the toroidal fuselage add additional weight to the aircraft and, consequently, require more power to operate, a luxury that rotary-type UAVs do not have.
A need, therefore, exists for providing an optimized toroidal fuselage configuration which provides a high bending stiffness and structural strength while maintaining a lightweight design.

Toroidal fuselage structure for unmanned aerial vehicles having ducted, coaxial, counter-rotating rotors


New photoresists for use during the production of semiconductor and MEMS devices are provided. The primer layer preferably comprises a silane dissolved or dispersed in a solvent system. The photoresist layer includes a first polymer prepared from a styrene and an acrylonitrile, and a second polymer comprising epoxy-containing monomers (and preferably phenolic-containing monomers). The photoresist layer comprises a photoacid generator, and is preferably negative-acting.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is concerned with new photoresists for use in the manufacture of microelectronic devices such as those used in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).
2. Description of the Prior Art
It is common in silicon etching processes to utilize a thin (100- to 300-nm) silicon nitride or silicon dioxide coating on the silicon substrate as a mask for patterned etching or as a passivating layer to enclose active circuitry. In the prior art, etch protective coatings or masks for MEMS fabrication processes have been selected primarily by using a trial-and-error method because there are no general purpose protective coatings on the market. The etch selectivity of the etchants to various materials is often used as a guide for MEMS process engineers. With a much lower etch rate than silicon, films of silicon nitride have been used as a protective layer or hardmask during KOH or TMAH bulk silicon etching. Silicon dioxide has a higher etch rate than silicon nitride. Therefore, it is only used as a protective/mask layer for very short etches. Gold (Au), chromium (Cr), and boron (B) have also been reportedly used in some situations. Non-patterned, hard-baked photoresists have been used as masks, but they are readily etched in alkaline solutions. Polymethyl methacrylate was also evaluated as an etch mask for KOH. However, because of saponification of the ester group, the masking time of this polymer was found to decrease sharply from 165 minutes at 60° C. to 15 minutes at 90° C.
Regardless of the protective coating or mask selected, a photoresist layer to be patterned must be applied to the protective coating or mask so that the pattern can be transferred to the underlying substrate. However, this can only be carried out after the protective coating or mask has been applied, thus requiring time and expense to apply and later etch this protective layer or mask, which is very difficult to remove.

Alkaline-resistant negative photoresist for silicon wet-etch without silicon nitride


Apparatus, systems, and methods may operate to establish a virtual private network (VPN) connection between a server in a private network and a client in a public network. Additional activities include intercepting a socket call from the client requesting resolution of a network address associated with a domain name in the private network, searching a local linked list for the network address, returning the network address to the client if the network address is found in the local linked list, and, if the network address is not found in the local linked list, sending a request to resolve the network address to a domain name system (DNS) server in the private network. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Data is collected, organized, and processed for virtually every transaction and communication that occurs in today's global economy. The integrity of this information (e.g., the authenticity and/or security of a message) has become important to enterprises and individuals. Consequently, a variety of techniques for securing and replicating information exist in the industry.
For example, a Virtual Private Network (VPN) is an extension of a private network that uses public network space (e.g., the Internet) to allow remote users or networks to connect to the private network. A VPN incorporates encryption and tunneling to deliver data safely and privately from the private network, across the public space, to the remote user/network.
The Domain Name System (DNS) stores information about domain names in a database on a network, such as the Internet, to provide a physical location (e.g., internet protocol (IP) address) for each hostname. Thus, when a domain name request is made by a client connected to the public network, a DNS server in the public network, perhaps accessed by the default Windows® DNS client, is used to resolve the hostname into the proper IP address.
However, when a user has established a VPN tunnel connection with a private network using socket interception through DLL injection, the default DNS client does not have access to host addresses within the private network because the socket calls used by default DNS client can not be intercepted through DLL injection. Thus, attempts by the default process to resolve addresses associated with the protected resources will fail.


A semi-recumbent bicycle allows the rider to sit on a high-backed seat elevated above a rear wheel in a semi-recumbent position with his legs extending forward and angling downward to a pedal crank assembly. The bicycle includes an elongated relatively large hollow main frame or frame member connecting a front steering assembly and front wheel at the front end of the bike to the rear wheel and the seat at the rearward end of the bike. The pedal crank assembly is positioned in the area of the steering assembly above the front wheel. The elongated main frame member has at least one large hollow area, and an access opening with attached door to render the hollow area a convenient integral lockable storage compartment for items such as tools, books, bicycle helmets, and groceries for example. The major portion of the storage compartment is positioned centrally between the front and rear wheels in order to assist in preventing heavy cargo from causing the bicycle to exhibit poor handling characteristics due to improper weight distribution.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to two-wheel manually powered bicycles in general. More particularly the invention relates to a bicycle on which the rider sits in a semi-recumbent position while riding. One novel aspect of my bicycle is in the inclusion of at least one significantly large hollow area within a main structural frame member of the bike, and an access opening with door so as to render the hollow area a convenient storage compartment. My prior U.S. Pat. No. 4,925,203 issued May 15, 1990, for a "Semi-recumbent Bicycle with Adjustable Frame" is incorporated herein by reference for both essential and nonessential material, and will provide an improved understanding of the preferred semi-recumbent bicycle of this disclosure, and possible variations thereof.
2. Description of the Prior Art
With a semi-recumbent bicycle, the pedal crank assembly is substantially more forward and upward relative to the seat than that of the pedal crank assembly of more conventional "stand-up style" bicycles such as multi-speed racing bicycles and mountain style bicycles whereon the pedal crank assembly is essentially vertically straight downward from the seat. Relative to the seat, the pedal crank assembly of a semi-recumbent bicycle is also somewhat downward and rearward of that associated with the style of bicycles commonly referred to as fully or full recumbent bicycles. With a semi-recumbent bicycle, the rider sits in a seat, which is preferably a high-backed seat, and in a semi-recumbent position elevated upward of the top of the rear wheel, and the legs of the rider extend forward and somewhat downward from the seat to the pedals. With a fully recumbent bicycle, the normally high-backed seat is positioned forward, and substantially below the top of the rear wheel resulting in the legs and feet of the rider of a fully recumbent bicycle extending generally straight forward or in some cases even slightly upward from the seat to the pedals.
A problem associated with many prior art bicycles, but certainly not all, is the position of the pedals relative to the seat. This seat-to-pedal relationship is primarily what determines the degree of pushing power a given rider can develop. Fully recumbent bicycles normally have a good seat-to-pedal relationship as far as development of power is concerned, but the vertical height at which the rider sits on these bicycles presents significant safety problems, as sitting quite low (forward and downward of the top of the rear wheel) in a fully recumbent bicycle makes it difficult for both the rider and automobile drivers to detect the presence of each other over and around other vehicles. A significant problem with the pedal positions associated with many fully recumbent bicycles, which does not exist with semi-recumbent bicycles, is that with full recumbents, the rider's legs are normally extending straight out or even slightly upward in front of him with his feet on the pedals, and the effect of gravity is such that the feet, when not in the pushing mode, have a tendency to slip downward and off of the pedals. Although systems which clip or fasten the feet (shoes) to the pedals are known, many riders feel such shoe-to-pedal fastening systems create more problems than they solve for the average non-racing bicyclist, since if one cannot remove his feet from the pedals and place them on the ground quickly when stopping, one could easily fall. A semi-recumbent bicycle, such as that of this disclosure and the reference patent, allows for pushing against a high-backed seat, and therefore the development of high pedal pushing power is possible, without the problem of the feet tending to slide downward off of the pedals, this being due to the somewhat downward angle of approach of the rider's legs and feet to the pedals.
The high power which can be applied by pushing on the pedals with a full or semi-recumbent bicycle is in part dependant on high-backed seats which the rider can push against, in combination with the pedals being of the proper distance from the seat-back for the particular rider's leg length. If the pedals are too far from or too close to the seat-back for a particular rider's leg length, significant pushing power is lost, and therefore proper seat positioning (distance) relative to the pedals is important for the full development of power.
Proper seat positioning on semi-recumbent bicycles is somewhat more difficult than with fully recumbents, as with semi-recumbents, the seat adjustment is ideally provided with both vertical and horizontal adjustments to the seat relative to the pedals. With a semi-recumbent which in part relies on the angle of approach of the rider's legs and feet to the pedals to help maintain his feet on the pedals when not in the pushing mode, if the seat were to be re-positioned straight rearward only, or straight upward only, the angle of approach of the rider's legs and feet to the pedals could be changed, and although this angular change in some cases is insignificant and maybe even desirable, in some situations it is significant and undesirable, and therefore ideally with a semi-recumbent bike, the rider is given a choice of both vertical and horizontal seat adjustments independent of one another as is taught in the reference patent.
With such a semi-recumbent bicycle as taught in the reference patent, due to the seat position being elevated above the height of the rear wheel to elevate the rider, and the pedal crank assembly being significantly forward and slightly downward from the seat, the rider's upper legs (thighs) extend somewhat horizontally forward and then bend at the knees and angle downward to the pedals, and of course this angle is continuously changing with pedaling action. This position of the rider's legs on a semi-recumbent leaves a centrally placed significantly large open area between the front wheel and rear wheel above the path of the drive chain which the rider's legs do not have to straddle, and which the rotational path the pedal crank assembly generally does not enter.
The relatively large open area between the front and rear wheels of a semi-recumbent bicycle as previously described does not exist to the same extent with full recumbent bicycles. With fully recumbent bicycles, the rider's legs and feet are in a general straight line (horizontal) approach to the pedals from the seat, and further, the rider's legs are paralleling a structural main tube frame member of the bike, and normally, a drive chain extends through this area directly below or adjacent the main tube frame member. Additionally, the relatively large open area between the front and rear wheels of a semi-recumbent bicycle does not exist to the same extent with more conventional bicycles such as multi-speed racing bicycles and mountain style bicycles where the pedal crank assembly is essentially vertically downward from the seat, and the rider's feet on the pedals are in this area between the front and rear wheel, and the rider's upper legs in his crotch area are close together and straddling necessarily narrow frame members in their approach to the pedals.
A common problem associated with the everyday use of a bicycle is item carrying and storage capacity. Few if any prior art bicycles have adequately addressed this item carrying and storage capacity problem. Although there have been affixable "saddle-bags" for bicycles, and rigid or flexible cargo storage compartments designed and built for bicycles in the past, they have primarily been bolt-on or otherwise affixable units which attached to the structural frame members or to added cargo racks of the bike, and are normally sold as after market items. A problem with many prior art bicycle storage compartments has been in the placement on the bicycle, most commonly being over and beside the rear or front wheels. The geometries of many bicycles, and the required rider leg and feet positions thereon, do not allow for the placement of a significantly sized storage compartment in a location on the bike which maintains the designed weight distribution if heavy cargo is carried. For example, due to the position of the pedal crank assembly of more conventional stand-up style bicycles whereon the pedal crank assembly is essentially vertically downward from the seat, in providing clearance for the crank arms, pedals, and the rider's legs and feet, there is little or no room left between the front wheel and the rear wheel in which to place a significantly sized (wide) storage compartment, and this central area would be an ideal location to maintain a proper weight distribution on a bicycle. Although full recumbent bicycles in general do appear to have some existing space centrally between the front and rear wheels downward below the rider's legs and main tube of the bike, this volume is often small and occupied by drive chain and frame structure. I am not aware of any manually powered prior art bicycles, particularly high-power potential semi-recumbent bicycles, which adequately address the problem of the storage of items in a manner such as the semi-recumbent bicycles of this disclosure.

Semi-recumbent bicycle with item storage compartment


Methods and apparatus to determine a level of inherent jitter for signals from a transmitter and a receiver, and modulate information onto a signal transmitted by the transmitter by using spot jitter (with bandwidth and center frequency modulation) and/or pulse width jitter in a region outside of a data region with inherent jitter to carry communication between systems.

As is known in the art, while jamming signals of an adversary, friendly nearby systems are also prevented from using the same bandwidths that are being jammed. Since many communications systems use the same methods for communicating, it may not be possible to allow one to operate while disabling the other. Conventional techniques of communicating while jamming involve separating the signals in either the time or frequency domain. Either the communications are sent during times the jamming signal is turned off, or a small band is left unjammed for the communications system to use. However, this allows the adversary to use the same technique to communicate if they can determine the right time/frequency.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Data communication using bandwidth modulation


A recording and reproducing apparatus for content detects that the same-already purchased content is present when a user newly purchases a content, and determines, based on information in which a user who previously purchases a content sets whether to open the purchase, whether a message to the effect that the content is purchased in duplicate is displayed to the user who newly purchases the content.

The present invention relates to a recording and reproducing apparatus for content which records a content distributed through a communication medium such as a broadcast wave or network and which reproduces the recorded content. More particularly, the present invention realizes an improvement in the usability in the case where a plurality of users use the same apparatus.
By the spread of broadband lines to the home, a network environment in which large capacity content (information content) centered at videos and music is capable of being distributed to the home without stress is being equipped in recent years. Also, in parallel with the advance of a compression technology and a distribution technology of contents, the contents can be distributed to the home while maintaining its high quality.
Meanwhile, in the homes, not only in personal computers but also in home electric appliances such as a TV set and a hard disc recorder, a device with a network connection function is increasing, and also a device which obtains and uses contents distributed through the broadband line is increasing. Along with progress of a compression technology and distribution technology of the above-described contents and increase in a reproduction device connected to a network within the home, a content distribution service which distributes contents to the above-described reproduction devices and collects a usage charge (view charge) of the contents from users is realized.
A content distribution method through a network is roughly divided into two methods.
One method is a streaming system where a reproducing device obtains content data from a network and sequentially reproduces the obtained content data. The streaming system needs no data accumulation function in the reproducing device except for a unit (e.g., a buffer memory) for temporarily holding data during from the acquisition from a network up to the reproduction. Further, since a user can appoint contents and instantly start reproduction, the streaming system is characterized by the simplicity of mounting and usage.
Another method is a download system where a reproducing device collectively obtains content data from a network to accumulate the obtained content data in a data accumulation function, and reproduces the data after completion of the accumulation. The reproducing device needs a large capacity data accumulation function for maintaining the entire content, such as a hard disc drive (HDD), and has the following advantages as compared with the streaming system.    (1) High-quality contents which do not depend on quality or bandwidth of a network can be provided.    (2) Content reproduction quality is not deteriorated due to the lack of content data.    (3) A reproduction operation (trick play) within a content such as a fast-forward operation, a rewinding operation, and a cue operation is easy.    (4) Dubbing (copying) of a content to another medium is easy.
Therefore, the download system is being adopted in a content distribution service putting an emphasis on quality of the content.
In the download system, a service called a cell in which a content with no viewing period (indefinite period) is bought and can be viewed at any time is generally used in addition to a service called a so-called rental where a content with a viewing period is bought to be viewed. The user can select a service in accordance with a utilization feature of himself or herself. Incidentally, a service disclosed in "http://actvila.jp/pdf/press—20081210.pdf "A world first download distribution service of High Definition video capable of dubbing to a Blu-ray disc is started by "TSUTAYA TV on acTVila""" is one example of the download service.
By using the above-described service, the environment in which a plurality of contents are simply bought at any time to download the contents is ready also in the home. However, in this environment, a user may forget to view the purchased and downloaded content at a later date, or fail to know that another user purchases content and purchase the same content again.
In JP-A-2004-234272 (corresponding to U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/146966), a method in which a device (client) detects a duplicate purchase to notify a user of the duplicate purchase is disclosed with respect to the above-described problem.

Recording and reproducing apparatus for content


Use of wild type and modified viral FLt promoters of FMV in the expression of chimeric genes in plant cells. The FLt promoter from FMV is modified with duplicated enhancer domains. The FLt promoter with its single or double enhancer domains is linked to heterologous coding sequences to form chimeric gene constructs. These genes have been shown to be expressed well in plant cells.

A virus is a group of submicroscopic infective agents with double or single stranded DNA or RNA as core genetic material surrounded by a protein (and lipid in some case) shell called `capsid` or `coat`. It has no semipermeable membrane and it can multiply only in living cells using host cellular components. The short segment of the virus genetic material (FLt promoter) used in this invention can not infect plants or other organisms to cause disease. It is useful with selected foreign genes to obtain expression of these genes in other plants to confer useful properties to those transgenic plants.
Promoters from caulimoviruses
The following is a description of caulimoviruses also called plant pararetroviruses. Caulimoviruses derived their name from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), the type member of the group (for reviews see Shepherd, 1989; Covey and Hull, 1992). More than a dozen types of caulimoviruses have been described to date. All have small circular DNA molecules as their genetic material. The genomes of CaMV (Gardner, et al., 1981) and four other members of this group, namely carnation etched ring virus (CERV), (Hull, et al., 1986), figwort mosaic virus (FMV), (Richins, et al., 1987) soybean chlorotic mottle virus (SoCMV), (Hasegawa, 1989), and peanut chlorotic streak virus (PClSV) (Richins, 1993; Richins, et al., 1995) have been fully sequenced. CaMV is a circular double stranded DNA virus with a genome size of approximately 8 kb. It is organized into seven open reading frames (genes) and two intergenic regions.
In the case of CaMV, the polypeptides corresponding to the six genes (I to VI) have been detected in infected cells and their functions have been identified. The cell-to-cell movement function (Thomas, et al., 1993; Ducasse et al., 1995), aphid-transmission factor (Daubert et al., 1983; Woolson, et al., 1983), minor capsid protein (Giband, et al., 1986), major capsid protein (Daubert, et al., 1982), reverse transcriptase (Takatsui, et al., 1992), and inclusion body protein (Odell and Howell, 1980) are associated with ORFs I to VI respectively. The gene VII protein was not detected in vivo (Wurch, et al., 1991). Its function is not clearly established. However a sequence located with this ORF of FMV is involved in translation of viral genes (Gowda, et al., 1991).
The viral genome is replicated through reverse transcription of the terminally redundant full length transcript (Bonneville and Hohn, 1993) by a virus encoded reverse transcriptase. Two major viral transcripts, known as 35S RNA and 19S RNA are synthesized exclusively from the minus strand DNA by the host RNA polymerase II (Odell, et al., 1981; Howell and Hull, 1978). The large intergenic region (L-IR) which resides between gene VI and VII, contains the promoter (35S) for the full length transcript which spans the entire viral genome (Dixon and Hohn, 1984; Scholthof, et al., 1992). The 35S RNA serve as template for minus strand DNA synthesis by viral gene V encoded reverse transcriptase (Gordon, et al., 1988). The small intergenic region (S-IR) residing between gene V and gene VI contains a promoter (19S) which transcribes gene VI only (Odell and Howell, 1980). The PClSV is apparently lacking the S-IR sequence, however both FMV (Scholthof, et al., 1992) and PClSV (Richins, 1993) have also been shown to have similar transcripts to the 19S and 35S RNA found in CAMV infected plant cells.
The CaMV 35S promoter, which spans about 941 base pair (bp) upstream from the transcription start site, has been shown to be active in various monocot and dicot cells. The cis-regulatory elements that are involved in directing transcription initiation reside within this region. The CaMV 35S promoter has a modular construction that includes an enhancer (Lam, 1994, and references there in) similar to those of other promoters like that of SV40 in mammalian systems (Ondek, et al., 1987; Schirm, et al., 1987; Fromental, et al., 1988). The 5' deletion analysis of CaMV35S promoter, studied in transformed tobacco calli or a protoplasts transient assay system, indicates that a promoter fragment of 343 bp upstream from the transcription start site is sufficient for high promoter activity (Odell, et al., 1985, Ow, et al., 1987).
The high CaMV35S promoter activity is the result of synergistic and combinatorial effects of enhancer elements residing in the -343 to -46 region upstream of the TATA element promoter (-46 to +8) (Fang, et al., 1989, Benfey, et al., 1989, Benfey and Chua, 1990, Benfey, et al., 1990a and Benfey et al., 1990b).
U.S. Pat. No. 5,378,619 to Rogers discloses a full length transcript promoter from the figwort mosaic virus. U.S. Pat. No. 4,940,835 to Shaw discloses the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. The latter patent claims chimeric plant genes containing the cauliflower mosaic virus promoter sequence. The patent does not disclose a double full length transcript promoter from the figwort mosaic virus in a transgenic plant and its expression advantages.
Several protein binding sequence motifs have been identified in the enhancer region of the 35S promoter (Lam, et al., 1989; Lam and Chua, 1989; Prat, et al., 1989; Bouchez, et al., 1989, Yanagisawa and Izui, 1992). Identical or similar sequence motifs are also present in promoters of other caulimoviruses (Bouchez, et al., 1989; Sanger, et al., 1990; Cooke and Penon, 1990; Richins, et al., 1993). Two nuclear binding protein factors, known as Activating Sequence Factor-1 and -2 (ASF-1 and ASF-2) from tobacco have been well characterized. ASF-1 binds to the activating sequence as-1 (-82 to -62) region of 35S promoter. Two TGACG motifs within this site are essential for DNA-protein interaction (Lam, et al., 1989). The as-1 motif is also found in full length transcript promoters from other caulimovirus including FMV (Sanger, et al., 1990, and present studies), PClSV (Richins, 1993) and MMV (Shepherd group, unpublished observation).
Single or multiple copies of enhancer sequences from the CaMV 35S promoter can increase homo- and heterologous promoter activity in an orientation-independent manner (Kay, et al., 1987; Ow, et al., 1987: Odell, et al., 1988; Fang, et al., 1989; Driesen, et al., 1993; Omirulleh, et al., 1993). The enhancement of promoter activity was proportional to the copy number of the enhancer sequence (Kay, et al., 1987; Ow, et al., 1987; Omirulleh, et al., 1993). Similar observation was made when single or multiple copies of the enhancer sequence was inserted upstream of the TATA element of the CaMV19S promoter (Ow, et al., 1987; Driesen, et al., 1993), rbcS-3A promoter (Fang, et al., 1989) and the nos promoter (Odel, et al., 1988).
U.S. Pat. No. 5,463,175 to Barry et al. discloses the figwort mosaic virus promoter. U.S. Patent No. 5,503,999 to Jilka et al. discloses the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and the figwort mosaic virus 35S promoter. U.S. Pat. No. 5,145,783 to Kishore et al. discloses the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Figwort mosaic virus promoter is also disclosed.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,242,412 to Brown et al. discloses the figwort mosaic virus 35S promoter. U.S. Pat. No. 5,510,253 to Mitsky et al. discloses the figwort mosaic virus promoter. U.S. Pat. No. 5,512,466 to Klee et al. discloses the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and the figwort mosaic virus promoter.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,304,730 to Lawson et al. discloses the figwort mosaic virus 35S promoter. PCT Publication WO 94/24848 discloses a transgenic plant in which a chimeric gene comprising a wound inducible promoter which shows enhanced resistance to insect infection. Examples of vectors at least with a pKYLX4, pKYLX5 and pKYLX71 vectors.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,739 to Comai et al. discloses a caulimovirus 35S enhanced mannopine synthase promoter and method for using the promoter. The patent also discloses the use of a double CaMV 35S promoter in a construct used to create transgenic plants.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 90, page 6110-6114, July 1993, entitled "Plants that express a potyvirus proteinase gene are resistant to virus infection". This publication discloses pKYLX71:35S vector.
The Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, Supplement 16F, Apr. 3-16, 1992, discloses a binary vector PKYLX71-GUS. In Vitro Cellular & Development Biology, March 19, 1992, Volume 28, No. 3, Abstract P-1119 discloses PKYLX71-GUS vector. Molecular & General Genetics, Volume 220, page 389-392, Spring 1990, discloses expression of the caulimovirus 35S-GUS gene in transgenic rice plants.
Chemical Abstracts, Volume 119, Abstract No. 197251n discloses transgenic plants with increased solids content. The plants are made with a construct including a CaMV 35S promoter. Plant Physiology, June 1995, Volume 108, No. 2, discloses in Abstract 803, the expression of heterologous genes following electroporation of the marine diatom. Electroporation induced loading of plasmid CaMV35S.
The engineering of novel traits into plants and other crops promises to be an area of great agricultural importance (Maiti and Hunt, 1992; Wagner, 1992). Plant genetic engineering techniques allow researchers to introduce heterologous genes of interest into plants cells to obtain the desired qualities in the plants of choice. Plant genetic engineering has led to a rapid progress in production of economically valuable germplasm with improved characteristics or traits such as insect resistance, virus resistance, fungal resistance, herbicide resistance, bacterial or nematode pathogen resistance, cold or drought tolerance, improved nutritional value, seed oil modification, delayed ripening of fruits, and male sterility, to name a few.
These newly created germplasms provide a enhanced development in breeding programs for crops improvement as well as a better understanding of gene regulation and organization in transgenic plants. The expression of useful foreign traits in plants is a major focus in plant biotechnology. Plant metabolic engineering is the application of genetic engineering methods to modify the nature of chemical metabolites in plants. For metabolic engineering where multiple genes need to be inserted into one cell, the use of different strong constitutive promoters is desirable in order to avoid genetic instability caused by recombination between identical or closely related promoter sequences taken from plants themselves. Through use of the present promoter sequence the introduced genes can be transcribed to messenger RNA and then translated to resultant proteins to exhibit new traits or characters.
Besides developing useful traits in crops, the present invention provides a further understanding of molecular pathways involved in disease development and secondary metabolism in plants. Moreover, by engineering plants with specific foreign genes, the responses of plants to abiotic and biotic stress and stress related metabolism can be analyzed. The invention described herein in developing gene vectors with newly defined promoters of the caulimoviruses advances this effort.
A wide variety of well-characterized genes of animal, human, bacterial and of plant origin, including those of several viruses, are available for engineering plants. For the most effective expression of this wide selection of genes either constitutive or regulated, versatile gene expression vectors are required. At the University of Kentucky, Dr. Arthur Hunt and his colleagues have developed a series of plant expression vectors (Schardl, at al., 1987) with a constitutive 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) which have been successfully used to produce transgenic plants (Maiti, et al., 1988, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1995; Graybosh, et al., 1989; Berger, et al., 1989; Yeargan, et al., 1992; Liod, et al., 1992).
The present invention, develops additional useful promoters from FMV for high level expression of foreign genes in transgenic tobacco. These vectors are useful for both direct DNA uptake by isolated protoplasts and Ti plasmid- mediated gene transfer.
Enhanced levels of transcription via highly active promoters are essential for high levels of gene expression. The most widely used promoter for plant transformation, as described earlier, has been the 35S promoter of CaMV. It is active in a wide variety of plants and tissues. It is also the most thoroughly characterized promoter with respect to the sequence elements active in its transcriptional activity (Benfey and Chua, 1990). Kay, et al., 1987 showed that the transcriptional activity of the CaMV 35S promoter could be increased approximately tenfold by making a tandem duplication of 250 base pairs of upstream sequence.
Similar observation have been made with other promoters (McNeall, et al., 1989). The present inventors have constructed and tested a construct with the FMV FLt promoter.
The Monsanto Co. has recently patented 35S and the 19S promoters of CaMV, and the full length transcript promoter from FMV. In both cases cloned DNA material was provided to Monsanto Co. by the present investigator, Dr. Shepherd, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky. The present inventors have overcome the deficiencies of prior transgenic plant promoters and have now developed new, unique promoters of equal or better expression strength.

Full length transcript (FLt) promoter from figwort mosaic caulimovirus (FMV) and use to express chimeric genes in plant cells

University of Kentucky Research Foundation