A heat exchanger includes an enclosure having a separator disposed therein that divides the heat exchanger into a mixing area and a heat exchange area. The mixing area is configured to receive a hot fume and droplets of a liquid for mixing with each other to form a fume-droplet vapor mixture. The mixture is configured to flow through orifices of the separator into the heat exchange area. A plurality of magazines is disposed within the heat exchange area of the first enclosure. Each magazine defines a cavity. The cavities are disposed in communication with one another. A lower-most magazine is configured to receive a receiver medium that is pumped through the cavity of each successive magazine to an upper-most magazine. The mixture is configured to circulate about the magazines to incrementally heat the receiver medium as the receiver medium is pumped through the cavity of each successive magazine.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to boilers and, more particularly, to efficient boilers configured to heat a receiver medium, e.g., water, from an approximately room temperature liquid to a hot liquid, vapor, and/or superheated vapor (depending on the particular purpose). The present disclosure also relates to systems incorporating such boilers, e.g., stove systems, home heating systems, power generating systems, etc.
2. Background of Related Art
In conventional boilers, a source medium, e.g., a hot gaseous fume, is utilized to heat a receiver medium, e.g., water, via heat exchange through a thermally conductive exchange material disposed therebetween. However, resistance in such conventional boilers results in much of the heat energy escaping as waste, severely reducing the efficiency of these boilers.
Whether boiling a pot of water using a gas stove, using an oil burner to generate water vapor for a home heating system, generating superheated water vapor for a steam turbine, or utilizing any other conventional boiler system, resistance in the heat exchange process results from the formation of a thin layer of molecules on the surface of the exchange material, e.g., the thermally conductive material disposed between the source medium and the receiver medium, and serves to hamper heat exchange therebetween. In particular, according to boundary layer theory, in such conventional boilers, molecules from the source medium become stuck to the surface of the exchange material because of friction and eventually attain the same temperature as the exchange material, forming a so-called boundary layer. This boundary layer inhibits the exchange of heat from the source medium to the receiver medium through the exchange material, and is referred to as boundary layer resistance.
To reduce boundary layer resistance, the rate or speed at which the source medium is circulated through the boiler has to be increased for momentum exchange between the boundary molecules and the main stream molecules of the source medium to occur. As the speed increases, a turbulent flow pattern results with some of the colder boundary molecules being displaced by the hotter main stream molecules. This is referred to as forced convection, and results in enhanced heat exchange.
However, increasing the speed of the source medium is not without shortcomings. In particular, the source medium must be confined within the boiler for a sufficient amount of time to allow the receiver medium to absorb enough energy to be sufficiently heated to the desired temperature, e.g., a hot liquid, vapor, or superheated vapor. Unfortunately, confinement of the source medium within the boiler is not easily achieved because the source medium has a tendency to escape and the hotter the source medium, the faster it escapes. In other words, the constraint on efficiency of a boiler is that in a limited time interval, quick and effective heat exchange is required.
Regardless of how turbulent the source medium becomes, it cannot deliver enough energy for the receiver medium to absorb to sufficiently heat the receiver medium before the source medium escapes through the chimney. This is because of an impedance mismatch between the source medium and the receiver medium that exists in conventional boilers. This impedance mismatch in conventional boilers stems from the fact that the energy densities (BTU/ft3) of the source medium (typically a gaseous fume) is several orders of magnitude less than that of the receiver medium (typically liquid water), due to the different thermodynamic parameters, e.g., density (lb/ft3), specific heat (BTU/lb×° F.), and conductivity (BTI/hr.-ft ° F.), of the source medium and the receiver medium. Such a severe impedance mismatch between the energy provider, i.e., the source medium, and the energy receiver, i.e., the receiver medium, renders the source medium unable to adequately transfer heat to the receiver medium and, as a result, conventional boilers are inefficient.

Heat exchangers, boilers, and systems incorporating the same


A motor driving device of the present invention includes: a driver that receives supply of a power supply voltage to apply a plurality of phase voltages to a motor; a voltage-division phase voltage generation portion that divides each of the phase voltages to generate a plurality of voltage-division phase voltages; a neutral point voltage generation portion that combines and divides the phase voltages to generate a neutral point voltage; a selector that outputs any one of the voltage-division phase voltages as a selection voltage-division phase voltage; a comparator that compares the selection voltage-division phase voltage and the neutral point voltage to generate a comparison signal; and a controller that generates a selection control signal of the selector and an energization control signal of the driver according to the comparison signal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a motor driving device and an electronic appliance and a vehicle using such a motor driving device.
2. Description of the Related Art
FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a conventional example of a motor driving device. The motor driving device 100 of the present conventional example is a semiconductor device that drives a motor 200 through a high-voltage resistant driver 300. In the motor driving device 100, an external resistor 400 is used to generate, from phase voltages U, V and W, voltage-division phase voltages VU, VV and VW and a neutral point voltage Vref, then small low-voltage resistant comparators 110U, 110V and 110W with small variations in offset are used to compare the voltage-division phase voltages VU, VV and VW and the neutral point voltage Vref for each phase and thus the rotational position of a rotor is detected from the back electromotive force of the motor 200 without use of a sensor.
Examples of the conventional technology related to what has been described above includes JP-A-2012-80690 and JP-A-2008-193812.
However, in the motor driving device 100 of the conventional example described above, since the three comparators 110U, 110V and 110W are used as a means for comparing the voltage-division phase voltages VU, VV and VW and the neutral point voltage Vref, the size of the motor driving device 100 is increased and hence its cost is increased.
Moreover, in the motor driving device 100, since the external resistor 400 is used as a means for generating, from the phase voltages U, V and W of the motor 200, the voltage-division phase voltages VU, VV and VW and the neutral point voltage Vref, the number of components is increased and hence its cost is increased.
In the motor driving device 100, the phase voltages U, V and W are divided with reference to a ground voltage GND. Since in the external resistor 400, there are relatively small variations in resistance value, the accuracy of detection is unlikely to be reduced; however, as described above, disadvantageously, the number of components is increased and hence its cost is increased. On the other hand, although when the external resistor 400 is integrated into a semiconductor device, the number of components is reduced and hence its cost can be decreased, since there are large variations in resistance value as compared with the external resistor 400, the accuracy of detection is disadvantageously lowered significantly.

Motor driving device, electronic appliance, and vehicle


An apparatus for the corrective positioning of a travelling web at right angles to the direction of travel comprises a tilting roll over which the web to be positioned is guided. At both ends of the roll, provision is made for rotary bearings, the respective opposite bearing member of which is articulated to a pendulum joint element. These two pendulum joints define an oblique tilting axis, which intersects the axis of rotation in the center of gravity of the roll and runs in a plane which cooperates with a vertical plane situated at right angles to the direction of travel to enclose an acute angle.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an apparatus for the corrective positioning of a travelling sheet or web at right angles to the direction of travel. The term "travelling sheet or web" is to be understood generally as any kind of product that is processed as a semi-finished product or, in an intermediate manufacturing stage, as sheet material, such as plastic sheet, plastic bags, newspapers, imitation leather, paper webs in the case of corrugated board production etc. On the other hand, this term is also meant to comprise continuously circulating belts utilized for instance as so-called "wire cloth" or "felt belts" in paper machines or as conveyor belts in materials-handling technology.
2. Background Art
The sheets as well as belts of the generic type tend to escape laterally during machine operation. For this to be prevented, so-called "sheet guiders" are employed, which ensure a clearly defined position of the running sheets. In this connection, three substantial sources of errors in the running of a sheet are to be cited:
static errors conditioned by badly adjusted deflection rolls, laterally misaligned sheet supply rolls etc. in a sheet-processing machine PA1 dynamic errors conditioned by wavy edges, wobbling rolls, humidity, temperature fluctuations etc. PA1 tension errors provoked by irregular distribution of tension over the cross-section of the sheet.
Various embodiments of so-called sheet guiders are known from the prior art. For instance, so-called rotating frames are used, in which two guide rolls that are parallel to each other at a distance in the direction of sheet travel are disposed in a frame which is rotatable about a vertical axis by a corresponding servo component for instance in the form of a pneumatic cylinder. In this way, the two guide rolls can be inclined slightly relative to the direction of travel on a horizontal plane so that a corresponding transverse displacement is conferred to the sheet running over the guide rolls. The transverse position of the sheet can be corrected permanently by adjustment of the rotating frame.
According to further known prior art, a sheet guiding system is used for the guide control of continuous belts such as conveyor belts and wire cloth belts of varying materials, for instance plastic material, rubber, metal fabric, textile fabric, etc., making use of a sheet-guiding roller having an actuator, a thrust bearing, and a mechanical tracing system in the form of a roller lever. On one side the sheet guiding roller lodges pivotably in the thrust bearing by way of its bearing pins, while rotarily sliding in a combination bearing on the other side. The combination bearing is again mounted on an actuator which is disposed laterally of the sheet to be guided and by means of which the sheet-guiding roller, on the other side, is pivotal about the thrust bearing that forms its pivot. The pivoting motion is controlled by the edge of the sheet being mechanically traced.
Both prior art sheet guiders have the drawback of fundamentally needing active control by an edge tracer and a servo unit.
This also applies to the system disclosed by DE 195 17 960 A1 for the travel control of a belt in a corrugated-board machine for so-called "single-face corrugated board". In this case, a continuous belt runs over a plurality of rolls, one of which is rotatably run on a support shaft. One end of this support shaft is pivotably housed in an articulation point, while its opposite end is housed in a ball-and-socket joint which is displaceable by means of a spindle drive at right angles to the direction of rotation of the roll. The belt travel is again traced by a detecting device and the axis of rotation of the roll is adjusted by operation of the actuator in such a way that warping of the belt is precluded.
The professional paper "Wochenblatt fur Papierfabrikation", February 1965, page 94, discloses an automatic guide roll--called "servo roll"--for wire cloth and felt belts in paper machines, which does not need a position sensor for the belt to be guided nor any actively operating servo control component. Rather, the guide roll compensates any escape motion of the belt to be guided by tilting motion, returning same into its desired position.
To this end, the guide roll is equipped with a special tilting bearing system. The latter comprises a stationary central pipe, which centrally exhibits an approximately perpendicular bolt. This bolt constitutes a tilting axis about which a shorter piece of pipe may reciprocate in the horizontal. This piece of pipe has a ball bearing at each of its ends, about which can rotate an exterior sleeve pipe of glass fiber reinforced polyester. This sleeve pipe is the actual guide roll.
By it being specifically profiled to have a slightly conical taper at the end and owing to the explained tilting bearing arrangement, the guide roll will incline and will slightly right simultaneously when the belt to be guided escapes to one side. As a result, the belt is guided back to the middle and the guide roll takes a position precisely perpendicular to the direction of travel.
A drawback of the prior art guide roll resides in the fact that the tilting bearing system is comparatively hidden inside the sleeve pipe, therefore being difficult to mount. Moreover, the force resulting from the described bearing behavior concentrates on the center of the central pipe to be borne so that for increased working widths, the roll must have very great diameters for reasons of stability. Furthermore, this guide roll does not offer any possibility of additionally providing an active positioning system, if the reaction velocity of the automatic positioning system does not comply with the respective application.

Apparatus for the corrective positioning of a travelling web at right angles to the direction of travel

BHS Corrugated Maschinen- und Anlagenbau GmbH


A pipe joint arrangement, which is intended for enabling one or more angular deflections successive in a longitudinal direction along an elongated pipeline in one or more planes. A joining piece is connectible with pipeline sections to be coupled with each other successively in the longitudinal direction and includes of frame elements locked to each other in a longitudinal direction and provided therebetween a swivel member with a substantially cylindrical or spherical swiveling face for enabling movement of the frame elements by rotating the same relative to each other with respect to one or more axes of rotation.

In the above purpose it is currently conventional to employ fixed elbow pieces, e.g. in various process pipelines. Such fixed pipelines call for a shutdown of the process and a disruption of the pipework in the event that, for any reason, a change of location for a pipework is desired. However, depending on how the support of a pipework is arranged, it is in some cases possible to move a pipework sufficiently in operations calling for minor displacements.
However, a particularly outstanding problem today exists in association with fixed pipelines intended for process washing, in which context the purpose to wash an industrial process, such as a process apparatus included in the basic equipment of a pulp or paper mill, by means of a wash pipe present within the same and rotating e.g. around its longitudinal axis. The wash pipe has its washing fluid supplied, preferably according to the principle shown e.g. in FIG. 5, in its entirety by way of the interior of itself and a drive unit rotating it for delivering the washing fluid further to a target by spraying or in a like manner through nozzles present in the wash pipe.
Especially in solutions of the above type it is inconvenient to execute the washing process for a process apparatus, which proceeds, according to the principle shown e.g. in FIG. 5, in several longitudinal directions. At present, such a washing process requires that several spaced-apart wash pipes, along with drive units and washing fluid pipeworks therefore, be mounted on various surfaces of a process apparatus.
For example, Finnish patent No. 107,589 discloses another method and apparatus intended for process washing, according to the principle of which at least two washing fluid supply systems are arranged by way of the interior within one and the same wash pipe for enabling operation of each supply system, such as spraying of washing fluid and/or movement of the supply system, by means of a control assembly in a manner independent from each other.
Accordingly, it is inconvenient today to implement an elongated pipeline, especially as a process washing apparatus rotating around its longitudinal axis, having a mobility in several directions or else in anticipation of its required mobility, e.g. due to maintenance operations applied to the actual process apparatus . In such cases, the required extra equipment currently results in expensive investments, plenty of necessary service and maintenance operations and required space. The above problems are further acerbated when using e.g. process washing lines according to the above-cited Finnish patent, comprising at least two flow paths nested within and separated from each other for process washing fluid.


A three-dimensional object detection device has an image capturing unit, detection area setting unit, a three-dimensional object detection unit and a lens state assessment unit. The image capturing unit has a lens for capturing images behind a vehicle. The detection area setting unit sets a detection area behind the vehicle. The three-dimensional object detection unit detects a three-dimensional object that is present in the detection area based on the acquired images. The lens state assessment unit detects if the lens is in a wet state. When a determination is made by that the lens is in a wet state, the detection area setting unit changes a position of the detection area from a first detection area, which is first set as the detection area to a second detection area, in which a display area for a driving lane marker on a driving lane side of the vehicle is removed.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a three-dimensional object detection device and a three-dimensional object detection method.
Background Information
In a known obstacle detection device, captured images of a vehicle's surroundings are converted into a bird's-eye view, and an obstacle is detected using the differences between two converted bird's-eye view images captured at different times (see Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 2008-227646).

Three-dimensional object detection device, and three-dimensional object detection method


The invention relates to a pigment particle for security applications, comprising a duromer matrix and a plurality of core particles of a thermoplastic polymer with a feature substance dissolved in the core particles embedded therein, wherein the feature substance is an organic or metalorganic substance. The invention further relates to a method for producing security pigments, for example luminescent printing pigments, by means of incorporation into a duromer matrix of thermoplastic polymer particles in which the luminescent illuminant is present respectively in dissolved form.

The invention relates to a security pigment, in particular a security pigment on the basis of a luminescent polymer resin, and a method for producing the same.
The invention relates in particular to a method for producing a security pigment, for example a luminescent printing pigment, by means of incorporating into a duromer matrix thermoplastic polymer particles in which the luminescent illuminant is present in dissolved form in each case. Through the molecular distribution of the illuminant in the thermoplastic polymer particles the quantity of the dye required for reaching a certain luminance can be reduced strongly. The subsequent incorporation into a duromer matrix protects the dye additionally against attacks with a solvent dissolving the polymer and aqueous acids and bases.
The document U.S. Pat. No. 5,795,379 A describes the incorporation of luminescent dyes into a solid resin. The document addresses merely the use of polyisocyanates as the duromer matrix and methods for producing the same. The incorporation of a dye dissolved in a second polymer is not mentioned in the document. Only insufficient protection is reached against aqueous acids and bases; moreover, a large quantity of illuminant is required for reaching a great brightness.
The document DE 10 2006 008 245 A1 describes the direct enveloping of an organic luminescent substance with an organic or inorganic shell or with several organic or inorganic shells for increasing the light resistance of the enveloped dye. In this case, the polymer enveloping the incorporated dye acts as a shell protecting against the action of light.
In contrast, the luminescent dyes are present in dissolved form in a polymer in the present invention, thus strongly reducing the quantity of dye required for reaching a certain luminance. By the additional incorporation into a duromer matrix, a complementary protection of the feature substance is achieved against chemical attacks by solvents and aqueous acids and bases. In this case, the duromer matrix does not serve as a typical shell of a single core-shell particle, but rather as a putty surrounding several cores. This offers production-technical advantages, such as for example grindability without loss of the complementary protective effect.
The document EP 1 208 382 B1 describes the embedding of various discrete ink particles, e.g. fluorescent micro beads of polystyrene, into a matrix and their subsequent enveloping with a tight shell which acts as a diffusion barrier. Also in this state of the art, the enveloping of the dyes is employed as protection against aqueous, external influences. This solution is technically elaborate and hard to scale in view of large production quantities, since e.g. by grinding micro-encapsulated particles the shell is damaged and its protective effect is lost as a consequence.
The patent EP 0 226 367 B1 describes the agglomeration of fluorescent condensation polymer particles with various polymers to form large agglomerate particles. This method is technically elaborate, since it is difficult to dissolve fluorescent substances in sufficiently finely distributed form within condensation polymers.
According to the present invention, this problem is bypassed by using thermoplastics. Moreover, hydrophobic thermoplastics offer better protection against aqueous acids and bases.
The object of the present invention is to supply a luminescent printing pigment that is improved vis-à-vis the state of the art. Further, the object of the present invention is to supply a method improved vis-à-vis the state of the art for producing a luminescent printing pigment.
These objects are achieved by the combinations of features defined in the independent claims. Developments of the invention are the subject matter of the subclaims.

Security pigment, luminescent polymer resin and method for producing same

GIESECKE+DEVRIENT CURRENCY TECHNOLOGY GMBH


An apparatus and method generate and store metadata in a moving image shooting mode for use in playing and editing the moving image. The moving image processing method of the apparatus equipped with a camera includes acquiring images at every frame period in a moving image shooting mode; generating metadata of the images; encoding the images into the moving image; storing the moving image with the metadata; and displaying a specific metadata selected among the metadata as supplementary functions of the moving image in a moving image playback mode.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a moving image shooting apparatus and method of a camera device, and in particular, to an apparatus and method for generating and storing metadata when shooting a moving image for use in playing and editing the moving image.
2. Description of the Related Art
A camera device and mobile terminal equipped with a camera are capable of processing high quality images and providing various user convenience functions. A camera device in the prior art is equipped with an image sensor (or camera sensor) capable of processing full High Definition (HD) or higher resolution images.
Such a camera device in the prior art displays the image sensed by the camera sensor in a preview mode and saves the image acquired by the camera sensor in response to a push on a shutter button. In the prior art, the images acquired by the camera sensor can be coded and stored in the form of a moving image so as to be replayed afterward. However, the camera device of the prior art is limited in processing the stored moving image for use in a function other than playback.

Metadata associated with frames in a moving image


Methods of forming a microelectronic structure are described. Embodiments of those methods include forming a substrate core by attaching a first dielectric layer to a second conductive layer of a thin film capacitor, and attaching a second dielectric layer to a first conductive layer of the thin film capacitor.

A microelectronic device may include many integrated circuits (IC's) that may be integrated within a substrate.
A power source such as a voltage regulator may provide power signals to an IC substrate and/or die package system during operation. When the IC die transitions from a relatively idle state to a relatively active state, the resulting demand on the power source may cause the power signals to exhibit a "first droop". The magnitude of the first droop may be decreased by adding capacitance to the packaging system.

Forming a substrate core with embedded capacitor and structures formed thereby


A power switching device which is used to receive plenty of input voltage and output a switch voltage is provided. The device comprises a first switching unit, a second switching unit, and a self-bias unit. The power switching device outputs a switch voltage according to the outputs of the first switching unit and the second switching unit. The self-bias unit outputs a reference voltage to the second switching unit. The first switching unit outputs a first input voltage as the switch voltage according to a first enable signal. The second switching unit outputs a second input voltage as the switch voltage according to the reference voltage and a second enable signal.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a power switch device. More particularly, the present invention relates to a power switch device with a self-biasing circuit.
2. Description of Related Art
With the high demand on portable electronic devices, power management is an important issue for maintaining operation time. Generally, the portable electronic device integrates a lot of components and those components may be powered by different power sources.
FIG. 1 shows a conventional power switch device including switches S11 and S12. First terminals of the switches S11 and S12 receive input voltages Vin11 and Vin12 respectively. Second terminals of the switches S11 and S12 are coupled together for outputting a power source Vpp1. Two non-overlapping enable signals SEN11 and SEN12 are used for controlling the voltage switch. The switch S11 is turned on under control of the enable signal SEN11 while at the same time the switch S12 is turned off under control of the enable signal SEN12; and the switch S11 is turned off under control of the enable signal SEN11 while at the same time the switch S12 is turned on under control of the enable signal SEN12. When the switch S11 is turned on and the switch S12 is turned off, the power source Vpp1 takes in the input voltage Vin 11. Similarly, when the switch S12 is turned on and the switch S11 is turned off, the power source Vpp1 takes in the input voltage Vin12. The power source Vpp1 is switched as either of the input voltages Vin11 and Vin12. Therefore, under control of the enable signal SEN11 and SEN12, the conventional power switch device supplies the power source Vpp1 with different voltage values.
However, if the power source Vpp1 is used in a high voltage application, the power switch device has to be manufactured by high voltage manufacturing process. For example, if the power source Vpp1 is switched as either one of 1.8V and 7V, a high voltage manufacturing process suitable for 7V power source is applied to make the power switch device. But the resultant power switch device by high voltage manufacturing process has large circuit size and severe power consumption.


A method for manufacturing a conductive film as well as the structure thereof and a probe card using the same are provided in the invention. The conductive film is substantially a stacked structure of a specific thickness formed by the adhering and stacking of at least a substrate in a vacuum environment by the use of surface processing and mechanical healing whereas each substrate has an array of metal micro-threads formed thereon, in which the plural metal micro-threads, each being wrapped in an insulating film, are arranged on the substrate to form the array in a unidirectional and single-layered manner by the use of a LIGA process and polymer thin film technology. In an exemplary embodiment, the insulating film can be a polymer thin film of high dielectric constant, being made of a material such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMA) or polyimide (PI); and the metal micro-thread is made of a high conductivity and high strength Ni—Co alloy. Moreover, the so-formed conductive film can be cut into any desired dimensions by the use of an energy beam, such as laser beam, ion beam and plasma beam, etc. while combining the conductive film with a panel so as to be used for forming a probe card with large area detection ability that is low-cost, ease-to-maintain and capable of being adapted for wafers of various bonding pad arrangements.

A probe card is an interface between an electronic test system and a semiconductor wafer. Its purpose is to provide an electrical path between the test system and the circuits on the wafer, thereby permitting the testing and validation of the circuits at the wafer level, usually before they are diced and packaged. That is, before hundreds of IC chips fixed on a wafer are diced into chips with a few square millimeters, "Wafer Test" should be performed utilizing such probe card to check quality of IC chips and thus screen out defectives. However, as semiconductor manufacturers continue to shrink die geometries, which makes the task of on-wafer testing increasingly more difficult since pitches between bonding pads are becoming minute. Probe card with innovative solutions, which can perform a wafer level probing test on multiple chips on a wafer at once or even on the whole wafer, are required to meet the semiconductor industry's test needs so as to ensure higher accuracy and repeatable wafer testing and thus increase yield as well as lower cost.
Probe cards are broadly classified into cantilever type, vertical type, and MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical System) type depending on shape and forms of contact elements. The cantilever type is represented by the epoxy ring probe card, the vertical type is represented by the cobra probe card, and the MEMS type is usually used for DRAM (dynamic random access memory) testing.
Among which, although the cantilever type probe cards are usually designed with fine pitch as small as 40 μm, it is only suitable for testing those wafers 100, 200 with bonding pads 110, 210 configured at the edges thereof, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, so that the pin count of such cantilever type probe card is limited and thus it is classified as low-end probe card. As for the vertical type probe card, it is originated from a manufacturing process disclosed in 1977 in U.S. Pat. No. 4,027,935, entitled "Contact for an electrical contactor assembly", in which a vertical probe head disclosed has each of ifs probes buckle or deflect when a predetermined axial load is applied thereto for enabling the same force to be exerted on each of a plurality of pads on a semiconductor chip as it is being tested. However, although such vertical type probe card is adapted for testing wafers 300 with a plurality of bonding pads arranged as arrays and is classified as high-end probe card with high pin count, it is bottlenecked for designing such vertical type probe card with pitch as small as 100 μm. Therefore, such vertical type probe cards are only good for testing flip chip packaged IC.
It is noted that each pin in the foregoing two types of probe card are manufactured in a manner that it is fixed onto a PCB (printed circuit board) manually. Thus, their manufacturing cost is closely related to their pin counts, i.e. the higher the pin count is, the higher the manufacturing cost will be.
The MEMS type probe card for DRAM is exemplified in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,476,211, entitled "Method of manufacturing electrical contacts, using a sacrificial member", and the U.S. Pat. No. 5,476,211, entitled "Method of making and using lithographic contact springs". However, it is disadvantageous in that its manufacturing process is complex and it is bottlenecked for designing such MEMS type probe card with pitch smaller than 70 μm, thereby, such MEMS type probe can be very expensive. In addition, it is limited to be used for testing wafers with bonding pad arrangement similar to that shown in FIG. 1.
Over all, those currently available probe cards are all capable of performing wafer testing in a "one pin corresponding to one pad" manner, so that it is required to redesign its pin configuration for matching wafers of various bonding pad arrangements. In addition, the pin pitches of those currently available probe cards are limited by their manufacturing processes, which might not be able to meet the challenge of ultra fine pitch up to those smaller than 70 μm, high pin counts and full wafer testing. There are already some studies trying to deal with shortcomings, such as high cost, pins of large volume, and restricted shape, etc, that are common for those conventional probe cards as they are usually manufactured by mold casting, drawing or roll milling. Such studies can be exemplified by the probe card manufacturing methods disclosed in TW Pat. No. 90107441 and TW Pat. No. 93107026. However, such studies still limited in the aforesaid "one pin corresponding to one pad" manner, and thus suffer the same shortcomings. Therefore, it is in need of a new probe card that not only is not troubled by the aforesaid fine pitch bottleneck, but also can be configured with high pin count and manufactured at low cost.

Method for making a conductive film and a probe card using the same

Industrial Technology Research Institute


A programmable logic device includes a block random access memory (“BRAM”) that is split into two first in, first out (“FIFO”) memory arrays. Two sets of FIFO control logic and FIFO ports are associated with a single BRAM so that the BRAM can be operated as memory buffers for two independent FIFO memory systems.

FIFO memory systems are used in a wide variety of applications, such as buffering high-speed serial data immediately after it has been parallelized, for temporary storage of a data packet during packet processing, or buffering data going to or coming from a disk. Data values that are sequentially written to a FIFO buffer are read from the FIFO buffer in the same order, namely the first data entered into the FIFO memory system is the first data read from the FIFO memory system.
FIFO buffers are implemented in RAM and the flow of data into and out of RAM is controlled by address counters that track the read and write addresses being used. The address counters coordinate the data flow into and out of RAM to insure that memory is available to accept incoming data to prevent overflowing the RAM, and that data is stored in RAM before a read operation executes.
Several status flags are available in FIFO memory systems, such as FIFO FULL and FIFO EMPTY, which indicates the RAM is either full or empty, which indicate that there is sufficient space in RAM for a WRITE to occur or sufficient data in RAM for a READ to be performed. For example, if a WRITE function is to be enabled, the FIFO FULL status flag will indicate whether the data can be written into memory. If a read is to be performed, the FIFO EMPTY status flag will indicate whether there is any data available in the FIFO.
FIFO memory systems can be synchronous or asynchronous. A FIFO memory system in which both the read address counter and the write address counter are clocked by the same clock signal is referred to as a synchronous FIFO memory system. In contrast, a FIFO memory system in which the read address counter and the write address counter are clocked by different clock signals is referred to as an asynchronous FIFO memory system. Asynchronous FIFO memory systems are extremely useful in digital data systems where different sides of the FIFO memory system are independently clocked, either at different clock rates, or at the same clock rate, but with a phase difference ("skew").
In both synchronous and asynchronous FIFO systems, the read and write address counters are circular counters that wrap around to an initial address after the last address is accessed. The read and write address counter output signals are either multiplexed to address a single-port random access memory (RAM), or they are separately provided to address different input ports of a multi-port RAM (e.g. a dual-port RAM).
FIFO memory systems have been implemented in PLDs using the fabric of the PLD to provide the control logic, generate the status flags, and provide the write and read addresses of FIFO memory systems. Such FIFO memory systems are described in co-owned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,898,893 and 6,434,642, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated in their entirety for all purposes. The logic for operating the FIFO memory system is typically developed in configurable logic blocks ("CLBs") surrounding an embedded block of RAM (embedded "BRAM"), and the embedded BRAM or distributed memory is operated as a FIFO buffer.
It is often desirable to provide many FIFO memory systems in a single PLD, such as for use in digital networking systems that have many clock domains. This consumes both memory and CLBs, limiting their availability for other applications. FIFO memory systems often require buffers that are inefficient to implement in distributed memory, but use only a fraction of a dedicated BRAM, which unnecessarily consumes PLD resources. If a user requires many FIFO memory systems on a single PLD, much of the device's embedded BRAM resources may be allocated as FIFO buffers but not fully utilized. In some instances, the number of BRAM ports in a PLD, rather than the number of CLBs, may become the limiting factor.
Therefore it is desirable to provide a PLD with more efficient use of device resources, and to provide more FIFO memory systems on a PLD.


The present disclosure is drawn to pharmaceutical compositions and oral dosage capsules containing testosterone undecanoate, as well as related methods. The capsule includes a capsule shell and a capsule fill. The capsule fill can include a solubilizer and about 14 wt % to about 35 wt % testosterone undecanoate based on the total capsule fill. The oral dosage capsule is such that when a single oral administration to a male subject of one or more capsules with a total testosterone undecanoate daily dose of about 350 mg to about 650 mg it provides a ratio of serum testosterone Cmax to serum testosterone Cave of about 2.7 or less. In yet another embodiment, a method for providing a serum concentration of testosterone within a target serum testosterone concentration Cave range for a male subject is provided.

Male hypogonadism is a serious condition affecting mostly aging men. The common reasons for hypogonadism in men could be physiological abnormality involving among other factors, improper functioning or growth of the gonads and/or the pituitary-hypothalamus regulatory systems, and aging. Many of the abnormalities that are identified to be commonly associated with the low or decreased testosterone levels include impaired sexual function and/or libido, metabolic syndrome which may be a combination of abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, insulin resistance, lipid disorders; high risk of cardiovascular diseases; reduced bone mass/mineral density and muscle weakness and or degeneration affecting the musculoskeletal system. Other effects of low testosterone levels include negative changes in body composition, depression and other psychological disorders. The average human male produces 4-7 mg of testosterone per day in a circadian pattern, with maximal plasma levels attained in early morning and minimal levels in the evening. It is generally recognized that in a normal adult man of age 17 to 54 years, the serum total testosterone (T) is between about 300 ng/dL to about 1100 ng/dL and this range is referred to as the eugonadal range. Restoration of testosterone levels to the eugonadal range typically corrects many of the cited clinical abnormalities associated with hypogonadism or low testosterone levels.
While oral administration is the most preferred and patient friendly route for administration, the effective oral delivery of testosterone as testosterone and its esters remains a challenge. This is due to extremely poor bioavailability of testosterone, which requires very high dosing as well as frequent dosing due to the short serum half-life. These problems with orally administered testosterone products are primarily due to first pass metabolism. Further, direct oral delivery of testosterone has also been known to cause enzyme induction resulting in potential drug-drug interactions.
Currently, modified testosterones, in form of a methyl analogue of testosterone, and as an undecanoate ester, testosterone undecanoate (TU) are available for oral administration for patients in need of testosterone therapy. However, liver damage including cholestasis, peliosis hepatitis, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, and primary hepatic tumors has been reported with use of methyl testosterone. Testosterone undecanoate is a prodrug which gets converted to testosterone in vivo. Testosterone undecanoate containing products are available in some countries as liquid filled soft-gelatin capsule containing 40 mg of fully solubilized testosterone undecanoate. Testosterone undecanoate is extremely lipophilic (calculated logP of ˜6.5) with a water solubility of <0.3 ng/ml and a melting point around 62° C. It is generally believed that in order to promote lymphatic absorption for better safety profile and to facilitate effective oral delivery of testosterone undecanoate, the testosterone undecanoate must be presented in a bioacceptable solubilizer. Accordingly, research continues into the development of testosterone oral delivery products that can have high drug load and provide for practical unit oral dosage forms.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

High-strength testosterone undecanoate compositions


In an inspection for protrusion of the melted thermoplastic material of transversal line seal into inside, it is an object to provide a quality inspection method and a quality inspection device which can easily detect projection on edge of seal, securely capture even fine unevenness which could not visually found, and allows for accurate and reliable inspection without variation of inspection.

A finally shaped paper-made container filled with liquid foods such as a juice and a milk is obtained by forming a web-like packaging laminated material having a predetermined folding line in tubular shape, longitudinally sealing in the longitudinal direction of the tube, filling foods into the tubular packaging material, pressing the tubular packaging material in the predetermined intervals to seal the same by transversal seal in transversal direction, cutting at the center of the transversal seal zone to obtain a pillow-like preliminary forming, and sealing the flap containing the transversal seal zone formed by folding along the folding line on the side wall of the container and bottom face of the container.
FIG. 1 shows an outline of one example of a filling packaging machine for the paper-made container. The filling machine shown in this example winds out a packaging material web 1 having thermoplastic material layer on the inner and outer layers, wound in roll shape, and transfers it in the filling machine by rollers. A strip tape 2 is bonded to one end of the packaging material web by a strip tape applicator 3. The packaging material web is sterilized by passing through a sterilizing bath 4. Sterilizing agents are removed by an air knife 5. The tubular packaging material is formed by a forming roller 6. An overlap is formed by lapping both ends of the packaging material. The overlap is longitudinally sealed in the tube longitudinal direction by a longitudinal seal element 8. Liquid food is filled into the tube from a filling pipe 7. This tube, while being sent downward by a length equivalent to one packaging container, is sandwiched by a sealing jaw 10 and an oppositely arranged jaw 11. Two transversal seal zones are formed by the transversal seal in the crossing direction. A pillow-like preliminary forming 12 is continuously formed. The middle of the seal zone of the connected pillow-like preliminary forming is cut by knife or the like, and the forming is separated to individual pillow-like preliminary forming 13. A finally shaped packaging filling container 14 by folding flaps on the upper and lower of the separated pillow-like preliminary forming at a final folder 15.
FIG. 2 shows a feature in which the pillow-like preliminary forming 13 is folded at the final folder 15. The pillow-like preliminary forming 13 is sealed by two transversal (transversal line) seal zone 23 and longitudinal seal zone 26. The pillow-like preliminary forming 13 has side walls 22, 22b and 22a defined by the folding lines (refer to FIG. 2(a)).
As shown in FIG. 2(b), the main body of the pillow-like preliminary forming is formed in rectangular solid along folding lines. On the edge, the transversal seal zone 23 and flaps 24, 25 are formed to be upright from the container wall. The transversal seal zone 23 is upright from the bottom face 22b and the top face 22a. The flaps 24 and 25 integrally communicate with the container wall through ridge sides 25a and 24a.
Next, as shown in FIG. 2(c), after the transversal seal zone 23 is folded, the flaps are rotated around the ridge side as a center. A container top side flap 24 folded into the side wall 22, and the container bottom side flap 25 is folded into the bottom face 22b.
FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of outline of rectangular solid liquid food filling paper-made container. The container 14 has the transversal seal zone 23 and longitudinal 26 running to the bottom face from the container walls 22 and 22a and the top wall 22a through the container wall on the back. The folded flap 24 is provided through the ridge side 24a.
Sufficient sealing must be carried out at the above-mentioned seal zone so as to prevent the liquid food contained in the container from leaking and being exposed to external air. However, if the temperature and pressure on the transversal seal are improper, the melted thermoplastic material on the packaging laminated material may protrude into the container in which the content is filled. The melted substance directly contacts the contained liquid foods, and becomes brittle by sharply cooling, and the laminated material may be broken from the protruded location. For sealing, it is necessary to obtain a transversal seal whose melted substance does not protrude into the container.
Then, liquid food containers made by the filling packaging machine are regularly sampled by the operator of the machine for inspection. For the sampled container, the flap is peeled from the container wall so as to change the rectangular solid container to pillow-shaped by a substantially reverse method of the container final shape forming, that is, a method reverse to the method in which the flap is folded by the final folder of the filling packaging machine.
The transversal seal is inspected by visually measuring the seal strength, and presence or absence of pinhole, in addition, an edge on the inside of the container on the transversal seal zone for unevenness on the outer surface over the whole length of the outer surface of the edge.
In the conventional edge appearance inspection of the transversal seal, for the containers regularly sampled by the operator, the appearance on the inside of the edge of the transversal seal is visually observed, and then presence or absence of thermoplastic resin such as polyethylene protruded from the transversal seal zone is checked. Because the projection is transparent, it is not easy to find it and it is difficult to securely capture fine uneven defects.
There occur some variations in inspection due to individual difference in operator in the inspection for inspecting a melted thermoplastic material of the transversal line seal protrusion into inside, thereby reliability of the inspection is getting lower, and then more accurate and reliable inspection is required.

Quality inspection method and quality inspection device

Abstract: The quality inspection method comprise steps of returning container formed from a web-like packaging laminated material to a shape of pillow-like preliminary forming, cutting container wall to sample a filled food, preparing the sampled body, measuring an edge of the transversal seal zone on the inside of the container over the whole length of the outer surface of the edge for unevenness of the outer surface by a detecting unit, and judging an acceptability of the transversal seal zone based on signals from the detecting unit by an analyzing unit.


A coating material of the present invention includes an insulating resin, and dispersion particles dispersed in the insulating resin. The dispersion particle includes a core particle containing zinc oxide as a main component and having nonlinear resistance, and a resin layer covering the surface of the core particle and having an average thickness being less than or equal to 5.0 μm. The coating material of the present invention is a coating material for coating an inner surface of a ground tank of a gas insulated switchgear.

In a gas insulated switchgear (GIS), a metallic tank at a ground potential (ground tank) contains a center conductor to which a high voltage is applied, and a space between the ground tank and the center conductor is filled with an insulating gas to secure insulation performance.
However, during production or installation operation on site, contaminants may be mixed in the ground tank. When millimeter-sized metallic contaminants are mixed in the ground tank, the metallic contaminants are charged under the influence of an electric field generated from the center conductor to which a high voltage is applied, so that an electrostatic force is exerted in a floating direction from the inner bottom surface of the ground tank. When the electrostatic force is greater than the gravity acting on the contaminants, the contaminants float, and move toward the center conductor. The electric field concentrates on the periphery of the contaminants, and therefore the contaminants get close to or stick to the central conductor, the electric field may locally increase, leading to deterioration of voltage resistance performance of the gas insulated switchgear.
Thus, it is necessary that the mixed metallic contaminants be held on the inner bottom surface of the ground tank to suppress the behavior of the metallic contaminants in the ground tank. As a method for suppressing the behavior of metallic contaminants, a method is known in which the inner surface of a ground tank is provided with a coating film having insulation quality. Accordingly, movement of charge from the inner surface of the grounded tank to metallic contaminants is suppressed, so that charge having a polarity opposite to that of the center conductor is inhibited from being accumulated on the metallic contaminants. Thus, a situation is prevented in which metallic contaminants float, and stick to the center conductor, leading to occurrence of flashover.
In addition, in a gas insulated switchgear as disclosed in PTL 1 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,710,080), the inner surface of a ground tank is provided with a first coating film having insulating quality, and the first coating film is provided with a second coating film having nonlinear resistance (non-straight-linear resistance) is provided. Accordingly, movement of charge from the inner surface of the ground tank to metallic contaminants is blocked by the first coating film. In addition, the second coating film exhibits conductivity, and therefore when the electric field intensity is high, charging due to polarization and partial discharge of the metallic contaminants is suppressed by the second coating film. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the behavior of metallic substances in all of regions with a low electric field intensity and regions with a high electric field intensity.
In addition, regarding such a coating film having nonlinear resistance, PTL 2 (Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2014-13786) discloses a coating composition for uniformly dispersing particles having nonlinear resistance in a coating film.

Coating material, coating film, and gas insulated switchgear


An adaptive centrifugal brake assembly is disclosed. The adaptive centrifugal brake assembly controls rotational speed of a shaft. The brake assembly is adaptive and changes braking force based at least in part on torque applied to the shaft and/or the speed of rotation of the shaft. In some embodiments, the adaptive centrifugal brake assembly includes an adaptive mechanism such as a leaf spring that enables the assembly to be adaptive.

Centrifugal brake systems are used to limit the rotational speed of a shaft that extends into the brake. Centrifugal brake systems may use a one or more rotatable weights which are driven outward by centrifugal force into frictional engagement with a stationary drum. The frictional force generated between the pair of rotatable weights and the drum act to oppose the direction of rotation of the shaft, thereby slowing down or controlling the rotational speed of the shaft. The rotatable weights may be restrained in their outward movement by the use of tension springs attached between the rotatable weights. The speed of the centrifugal brake may be in part controlled by the stiffness constant of the spring. Specifically, springs with a high stiffness constant may allow the centrifugal brake to have a higher peak speed relative to springs with a lower stiffness.
Loads applied to the shaft, such as applied torques, may contribute to the rotational speed of the shaft and the centrifugal brake. Improved speed regulation may be advantageous to maintain a rotational speed of the shaft, relatively consistently, for various loads applied to the shaft.
This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art that may be related to various aspects of the disclosure, which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art.


In some embodiments, a system and a computer-implemented method for role-based collaborative design based on manufacturing constraints are disclosed. A method comprises: receiving, at a computer collaboration system, an electronic digital editing invitation from a first user interface that executes on a first user device associated with a first user, the editing invitation comprising inviting a second user to collaborate on a digital electronic interactive design as an editor, the interactive design comprising a graphical visual representation of a physical product that is capable of custom manufacture with a plurality of variable product attributes; transmitting to a second user device of the second user, the product description data for rendering the interactive design in a second user interface executing on the second user device; receiving a first modification to the interactive design from the second user interface; automatically generating a first updated product description data based on the first modification.

Early examples of computer-implemented collaboration applications include tools that offer collaborative text editing, text messaging, and shared-calendar planning. Other collaboration applications offer shared spreadsheets, video conferencing, and picture sharing applications.
The development of collaboration applications may be stimulated by innovations in information technologies and manufacturing. For example, due to many recent technological advances, many physical products may be customized via online, interactive user input to an ordering system before the products are ordered from manufacturers and made. Customization of a product may include receiving digital user input defining attributes for the product and using the attributes to, for example, customize the appearance of the product. However, navigating through countless sets of attributes and dealing with, for example, countless clicks to complete the customization may be very difficult and cumbersome.
As a result, in many cases, rather than dealing with the complexities of the product-customization, computer users tend to skip over customization opportunities and order products as they appear in their default configurations.

System and method for role-based collaborative design of custom products based on manufacturing constraints


A connector has a combination of a terminal set and a back cover together disposed inside a shell, where the shell and the back cover are further covered by a metal mask. The terminal set consists of at least one connecting port. The connecting port includes a circuit board and a hollow pin base disposed on the circuit board. The front side wall of the pin base is formed with a grating part so that the hollow part of the pin base has a larger space to accommodate electronic devices. A ground window is formed on the back cover so that the ground node of the circuit board is directly exposed. The metal mask is thus directly in touch with the ground node to simply the assembly process of the connector.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a connector and particularly to the RJ45 and RJ11 connectors.
2. Description of Related Art
The manufacturing technology of electrical connectors has been very mature. There is very limited space to improve, in either their structures or circuits, due to the required specifications of various connectors. Under the specifications, each electrical connector has a specific size. However, a certain amount of electronic devices are needed in a space, how to efficiently make use of the space to accommodate more and larger electronic devices is an important issue of the field.
The outermost layer of normal electrical connectors is usually provided with a metal mask. The metal mask is connected to the ground of the circuit board associated with the connector to provide required shielding. Such shielding prevents or lowers the interference from electromagnetic waves or other noises, ensuring better quality in the transmitted signals. However, the method of grounding the metal mask in the prior art is rather involved. One or several hidden wires are connected to the metal mask. The other end(s) of the hidden wire(s) is (are) then connected to a ground node on the circuit board mounted inside the connector. The wire(s) is (are) hidden under the metal mask. The process for preparing such wires is very time-consuming and complicated, whether using an automatic machine or manually. Therefore, it is necessary to improve for a better efficiency.


An A.C. power measuring apparatus includes a voltage detecting unit that detects voltage waveforms of each of phases of a set of insulated cables for supplying a three-phase A.C. power to a load, by performing a contactless measurement by electrostatic capacitance coupling, and a current detecting unit that detects current waveforms of the set of insulated tables, by performing a contactless measurement by electromagnetic induction coupling. The apparatus further includes a processing unit that computes a power to be supplied to the load, based on line-to-line voltage waveforms, the current waveforms, and prescribed voltage values, by normalizing the voltage waveforms of each of the phases so that as amplitude ratio of the voltage waveforms becomes in accordance with a grounding type of the three-phase A.C. power, and obtaining the line-to-line voltages of the set of three insulated cables based on the normalized voltage waveforms of each of the phases.

Actual power consumption (active power) caused by a load such as an electronic apparatus or the like, can be obtained from a product of apparent power and power factor.
Information related to a phase error between a voltage and a current is required when obtaining the power factor.
For this reason, when obtaining the active power, a measurement is generally performed by directly connecting measuring terminals (or taps) of a measuring device to conductor wires of a cable.
Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2006-343109, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2006-184090, and International Publication Pamphlet No. WO2009/099032 are examples of related art.
However, when connecting the measuring terminals to the conductor wires of the cable, there are cases in which a power supply or the like of the load must be turned OFF for safety reasons or the like.

A.C. power measuring apparatus and A.C. power measuring method


A method for making a carbon nanotube film includes the following steps. An original carbon nanotube film is provided and includes a number of carbon nanotubes substantially joined end-to-end by van der Waals force and oriented along a first direction. A patterned carbon nanotube film is formed and defines a number of through holes arranged in at least one row in the first direction, the through holes of the at least one row includes at least two spaced though holes. The patterned carbon nanotube film is treated with a solvent such that the patterned carbon nanotube film is shrunk into the carbon nanotube film includes a number of spaced carbon nanotube linear units and a number of carbon nanotube groups, and the carbon nanotube groups are joined with the carbon nanotube linear units by van der Waals force.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a method for making a carbon nanotube film.
2. Discussion of Related Art
A transparent conductive film has characteristics of high electrical conductivity, low electrical resistance, and good light penetrability. The transparent conductive film is widely used in liquid crystal display, touch panel, electrochromic devices, and airplane windows.
The conventional methods for forming the transparent conductive film include a vacuum evaporation method and a magnetron sputtering method. The drawbacks of these methods include complicated equipment, high cost and being unsuitable for mass production. Furthermore, these methods require a high-temperature annealing process which will damage a substrate on which the transparent conductive film is formed. The substrate with a low melting point cannot be used for forming the film. Thus, the conventional methods have their limitations.
Carbon nanotubes have excellent electrical conductivity. A carbon nanotube film made of the carbon nanotubes, which is prepared by drawing a carbon nanotube array, has good electrical conductivity and a certain transparence. The spaces between adjacent carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film are small. Thus, the transparence of the carbon nanotube film is low, which is not conducive for wide applications.
What is needed, therefore, is to provide a method for making a carbon nanotube film with high transparence, to overcome the above shortages.

Beijing FUNATE Innovation Technology Co., LTD.


A refuse container (10) includes an open-top receptacle (12) that is selectively closed by a removable hood (14). The hood (14) carries a roll-back door (22) that is operatively connected to a foot pedal (16) by a pair of lifters (18). The container (10) is designed so that the door (22) rolls back to an open position when the foot pedal (16) is depressed. The connection between the foot pedal (16) and the door (22) allows the hood (14) to be removed from the receptacle (12) without requiring the user to disconnect the linkage. As such, the linkage is automatically disassembled when the hood (14) is removed and automatically reassembled when the hood (14) is placed on the receptacle (12). The connection generally includes an engagement bar (70) that projects from an upper end of each lifter (18). The door (22) has a pair of arms (88) that each have a slot (84) therein. When the hood (14) is placed on the receptacle (12), the slots (86) engage the engagement bars (70). When the pedal (16) is depressed, the lifters (18) force the engagement bars (70) into the slots (86) causing the arms (88) to pivot about pivot pins (92) thus rolling the door (22) back into the hood (14).

A refuse container having a door that is opened by the depression of a foot pedal is generally desirable because the act of opening does not require a free hand, and the user does not have to touch the container to deposit trash. Conventional pedal-operated refuse containers typically utilize a flat lid or flap at the top of the container. The prior art containers are typically round or square and may be manufactured of metal or plastic or a combination of both materials. The lids or flaps are typically permanently attached to the container and have a mechanical linkage which connects the lid or flap to a pedal. The mechanical linkage is usually permanently attached to the lid or flap such that the lid or flap may not be easily removed.
While the aforementioned pedal-operated refuse containers work well, several deficiencies make their use less than satisfactory. One type of prior art device is a bullet-shaped or cylindrical shell having an inwardly moving flap. This type of bullet-shaped container is typically slid over a liner that catches and contains the disposed rubbish. The flap often does not provide enough opening clearance to easily place rubbish into the liner when it is nearly full. To empty the liner, a person must lift the container over the liner. The practice of having to lift the heavy metal or plastic container up over the rigid liner to empty the trash proves to be cumbersome and hazardous often resulting in back strain.
Pedal-operated containers that employ a pivoting top lid which opens upwardly also have drawbacks and undesirable characteristics. First, the additional overhead space required for the upward movement of the lid prevents the container from being used under low countertops or tables. Second, the action of the lid swinging upwardly and pulling away from the container creates a vacuum, pulling into the surrounding area airborne pathogens and bacteria. Such air flows are unsatisfactory when the container is being used in a hospital, commercial kitchen, or a health care environment.
Both styles of containers mentioned above are often difficult to clean because the lids are typically permanently attached to the container base. This is particularly true in the case of the bullet-shaped container where a person must reach high into the container to clean behind the flap. To thoroughly clean the container, a person must disconnect the mechanical linkage between the foot pedal and the door and remove the door from the container. This practice is undesirable due to the time and effort involved.
Thus, the need exists for a refuse container having a door that may be selectively opened by a foot pedal to a position where it does not create an undesirable air flow or extend above the container, or extend into the refuse containing space of the container. The need also exists for a refuse container having a hood that may be removed from the base such that the inside of the door and hood may be cleaned without the requirement of disassembling the mechanical linkage.


An electrical isolation device wherein a signal to be electrically isolated is mixed with a carrier signal by a multiplier to produce a modulated carrier signal which is passed through an isolation barrier and demodulated and filtered to extract thereby the initial input signal.

Signal acquisition devices or test and measurement devices such as digital storage oscilloscopes (DSOs) and the like receive one or more signals under test (SUT) via one or more respective input channels. It is important that the input channels be electrically isolated from each other and from the chassis ground of the test and measuring device. Such isolation is necessary for signals having a frequency from DC to the bandwidth of the measuring device. Such isolation allows multiple signals under test to be provided to, and analyzed by, the same measuring device without affecting the systems/signals under test.
One isolation method known to those skilled in the art for use in wide bandwidth systems is the so-called "two path scheme" in which an input signal is broken up into two signals; namely, a low frequency input signal and a high frequency input signal. Optocouplers are used for low frequency signals (e.g., signals under 1 MHz) and wide band transformers are used for the high frequency signals. Unfortunately, optocouplers are difficult and expensive to linearize, and wide band linear transformers are expensive. Additionally, it is difficult to insure that the resulting isolated low end high frequency signal components of the signals under test are sufficiently well matched such that they may be recombined to produce a "flat" signal suitable for further processing by the test and measurement device.

Apparatus and method for input channel isolation within an electronic test instrument


An electrical connector (100) includes an elongated housing (1) having a base segment (1a) and a mating segment (1b); a latch mechanism (3) including a pull member (32) interlocking with a latch member (31), said pull member (32) assembled to a rear portion of the base segment and latch member (31) engaging with a front portion of the base segment, and said latch member further having at least a hook portion arranged on a front portion thereof and disposed above the mating segment. Movement of the pull member actuates the latch member bias upwardly to cause the hook portion apart from the mating segment.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to an electrical connector, more particularly to an electrical connector with improved latching mechanism which is reliable and manipulated conveniently.
2. Description of Related Art
Small and low-profile connectors, such as those used in SFP (Small Form Factor Pluggable) applications are desired in electronic devices in which space is a premium. Such connectors are widely used to make connections with routers and servers. However, the connectors are tendential to unplug from the component of the aforementioned device.
Connectors, and particularly plug connectors, can be made more reliable and separation less likely by latching them together. U.S. Pat. No. 5,915,987 issued to Reed et al. on Jun. 29, 1999, entitled "Latched Electrical Connector", discloses a plug-receptacle connector assembly with a latching mechanism incorporated into the housing of the plug connector. One problem with the latching mechanism such as those disclosed in the Reed device are not usable with low-profile, high-density receptacle connectors. Their size and the side locations of the actuators for the latching mechanisms of such plug connectors would increase the size required in a system. Such connector also requires a specially configured housing to receive the plug connector. As connectors become smaller and as the density of receptacle connectors in electronic devices increases, the simple act of disengaging a plug connector latch mechanism becomes increasingly more difficult.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,281,937, issued to Reed et al. on Oct. 16, 2007 discloses a small, low-profile plug connector provides a latching mechanism, including a latching member with a pair of hooks that engage mating holes in a metal shell of an opposing connector, and which can be easily delatched from the opposing connector, by way of a simple ramp and lobe mechanism in the plug connector. The ramp and lobe mechanism converts horizontal movement of a pull tab-like actuator into vertical movement of a latching member such that the hooks are lifted upward and disengaged from the metal shell of the opposing connector. Enough and big pull force must be exerted to the actuator to make the hooks to be lifted upward to leave its original place. However, as there is no extra protection step, incorrect operation may cause the lobe mechanism being sandwiched between a top surface of the plug and the latching member, unable to restore automatically; furthermore, the latching member trend to be deformed, causing hooks unable to return its original place to lock with engage mating holes in a metal shell of the opposing connector.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,134,914 issued to Wu on Nov. 14, 2006 discloses a cable connector assembly introduces a latch mechanism assembled to a top surface of housing. The latch mechanism includes latching member having an engaging portion engaging with the housing and a latch portion extending forwardly from the engaging portion for be deflected in a vertical direction perpendicular to said front-to-back direction, so as to latch or unlatch with regard to the complementary connector; a pulling member assembled to the housing to actuate said latching member, and a shell located upon the housing and essentially vertically shielding the pulling member with a rear pulling portion of the pulling member exposed to an exterior. Wu device has spring-back member to push the latch mechanism restore and is convenient for user. However, there exists a tiny issue that the latching member and pulling member may trend to loose, thus the pulling member can not actuate the latching member precisely and reliably.
Hence, an improved latching mechanism of an electrical connector is highly desired to overcome the disadvantages of the related art.

Electrical connector with a latch coupled to a pull member


A display control unit that causes a display unit to display a front image on which a guide line is superimposed, wherein the guide line has a front end point that indicates a position inside a recommended lane and has a rear end point that indicates a position rearward of the front end point, is provided. When the vehicle is in a lane change state, the display control unit sets a position of the rear end point in the front image such that the rear end point indicates a central position in a width direction of the vehicle, and, when the vehicle is not in the lane change state, the display control unit sets a position of the rear end point in the front image such that the rear end point indicates a central position in a width direction in the travelling lane.

There is known an existing technique for displaying a front image obtained by capturing an area ahead of a vehicle such that an arrow, indicating a position of a recommended lane in which the vehicle should travel, is superimposed on the front image (see PTL 1 (Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-281795 (JP 10-281795 A))). In PTL 1, an arrow is superimposed on the front image such that the distal end of the arrow indicates the position of a node preset within a recommended lane in map information.

Lane guidance display system, lane guidance display method, and lane guidance display program


A three-dimensional adjustable door mounting system and method for aligning and installing a hinged door within a frame. In one embodiment, the mounting system includes one or more captive nuts mounted to the door. The captive nut includes a movable adjusting plate retained by a stationary holding bracket mounted to the door. A threaded fastener inserted through a hinge door leaf and into the adjusting plate allows an installer to move and adjust the position of the hinge relative to the door in a first plane. In other embodiments, captive nuts may further be affixed to the door frame. A threaded fastener inserted through a hinge frame leaf and into the adjusting plate allows an installer to move and adjust the position of the hinge and door relative to the frame in a second plane different than the first plane.

More and more, as buildings age, it has become increasingly desirable to replace their doors. However, in the vast majority of cases, the frame is the most difficult component to remove and replace. With wood construction, there is normally a decorative outer casing that hides the juncture between the wall material (e.g., sheetrock or plaster) and the wooden frame. The frame itself is typically shimmed with wedges to achieve a proper position within the roughly assembled underframing. Any door frame stops must also be separated from the frame, unless the stops may have been machined or milled integral to the frame, commonly done with exterior doors for added weatherproofing and security. In most cases the removal and replacement of so many wood components, which may be an important part of the decorative or historic quality of the building, is a serious consideration before contemplating replacement. Metal frames, which are frequently used in commercial buildings, are often anchored to concrete construction, making their removal and replacement very difficult, and involves many operations including demolition and removal, masonry, new frame installation and the repainting of both walls and frames. The fitting of new frames in any type of construction to achieve true and plumb openings, is a task which requires great skill and is extremely costly. Adding to the complexity is the fact that these frames may have originated from a different manufacturer, even in the same building. The minor differences in the actual dimensions of the original doors, even those which have been built to the same nominal size makes the practical replacement of the doors dependent on the actual size of each door as well as the condition of each frame that requires a door replacement. To properly fit a door in this manner requires accurate measurements of frame width and height, as well as other measurements to determine whether the frame is skewed or out of planar flatness and whether the frame corners are square to each other and whether the frame members have remained straight over years of use. Building settling problems and masonry failures add to the difficulty of obtaining a complete dimensional analysis on a frame-by frame basis. The preparation of new, properly fitted replacement doors to these specifications on a door-by-door basis may be cost-prohibitive. Where metal doors, in particular, require replacement, it becomes especially desirable to find a means of utilizing mass-produced doors which feature ease of adjustment to their final operating positions, replicating the original clearances of the openings and their ability to provide or exceed their original performance specifications as well as to restore safety and extended life to the building.
This inventor's longitudinally-extending continuous hinges, such as those for example shown in my U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,092,870; 3,402,422; 4,976,008; 4,996,739; 4,999,878; 4,999,879; 4,999.880; 5,001,810; 5,201,902; 5,778,491; 5,991,975; 6,732,409, and co-pending allowed U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/628,624 (to be issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,650,670 on Jan. 26, 2010); the disclosures all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties, and particularly those designed for the simple adjustment of a door in the horizontal and vertical reference plane, allows door replacement with a new door of virtually any material, and accomplished with ease and precision. These continuous hinges extend for substantially the entire height of the door. This procedure is facilitated by using a slightly undersize door. A new, closer fit at the top or header can partially be accommodated by a new threshold, readily obtainable in different thicknesses. Lockside clearances may similarly be adjusted as desired, with any door gap on the opposing hinge side covered by the continuous hinge itself.
While both metal and wood doors are readily mounted and adjusted with these hinges, some other prior hinges have relied on either sliding hinge components or slotted screw holes to allow for simple door positioning. An improved system and method are desired for providing field adjustability when installing doors as particularly applicable without limitation in retrofit or replacement door installations while utilizing an existing door frame.


A farm implement for applying a product to a row crop or a row seeded field wherein the implement has a plurality of spaced-apart product dispensers mounted thereon, each of which is individually automatically controlled. The rate of product being dispensing from each of the product dispensers is automatically operated dependent upon the ground speed of the individual product dispensers or dependent on other criteria.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention of the co-pending application relates to an individual row shut-down control of farm implements or machinery to eliminate overlap in irregularly spaced fields or areas of application. More particularly, the invention of the co-pending application relates to any multiple row seeding, planting, spraying, fertilizing, or the delivery of an agricultural product to the soil on a per row basis whereby any row may be shut down mechanically, electrically, electronically, hydraulically, or by any means, for the purpose of conserving product when a row passes over the top of another row from a previous pass or the projected pass at the end of a field, waterway, or any other ordinary reason for encountering double application (overlap) of product or application into areas of the field such as grass waterways, creeks or terraces where application is not desired.
The instant invention relates to individual row rate control of farm implements to electronically maintain, adjust or compensate, via an electronic control apparatus, the volume or rate of crop inputs such as the dispensing of fertilizers, chemicals or seeds across implements in irregularly shaped or contour areas. More particularly, the instant invention relates to any multiple row seeding, planting, spraying, fertilizing, or the delivery of agricultural product to the soil on a per row basis whereby any row may be controlled mechanically, electrically, electronically, hydraulically, or by any means, for the purpose of optimizing product volume inputs when the ground speed of a row unit is faster or slower than other row units due to its relative position on a wide multiple row implement when the implement is engaged in a contour or turning movement or when said types change and the need for controlling crop input rate is desirable on a per row basis for optimum yield or weed control potential.
2. Description of the Related Art
Agricultural fields are generally irregular in shape and may include obstacles such as creeks, waterways, tree lines, terraces or hillsides that pose specific challenges to machines or implements used to deliver a variety of crop input products such as seed, fertilizer, chemical or the like. As farm operations become larger, the actual field sizes remain constant. However, the need for efficient acreage coverage by fewer farmers drives the need for wider implements. Wider implements pose a problem, particularly when placed in a field requiring a contour or arced (curved) pass across the field since it is commonly known that seed spacing and supporting input volume accuracies are critical in sustaining healthy plants and maximizing yield potential.
As a wide multiple row implement traverses an arced, turning or curved path, the ground speed of the outside rows on the implement is greater than the ground speed of the inside rows. If each row unit such as a planter, seeder, fertilizer applicator, chemical application, etc., on that implement operates at the same rate, the outside rows would be applying inputs at a lesser rate per acre and the inside rows would be applying inputs at a greater rate per acre with only one row near the center of the implement that would actually be performing at the correct rate. Thus, the seed population and fertilizer or chemical application would not be uniform across the arced field pass for maximum yield potential. While it is believed that some implements are possibly capable of controlling sections or multiple rows of the implement, it is not believed that heretofore there is an implement which is capable of individual row input rate control.

Individual row rate control of farm implements to adjust the volume of crop inputs across wide implements in irregularly shaped or contour areas of chemical application, planting or seeding


A content synchronization method for connected devices comprises accepting, by a central reference point, context from a connected client device, constructing, by the central reference point, at least one response in a semantic compatible with the connected device and compatible with a user of the connected device the response comprising at least one file description bundle, prioritizing, by the central reference point, download order of files described in the at least one response bundle, downloading the files described in the at least one response bundle, to the connected device in the download order, confirming complete download of the files described in the at least one response bundle, and rejecting incompletely downloaded bundles of files.

Existing methods for data synchronization between a device and a server are generally carried out based on a predefined set of attributes. Typically, data synchronization on the basis of an arbitrary set of attributes, either internal or external to the synchronization framework, is not supported. Similarly, geographically distributing data sets is impractical employing existing synchronization methods and systems.
Also, existing data synchronization methods do not determine how and in what order the data synchronization is carried out. For example, existing synchronization frameworks do not provide data synchronization on the basis of random or otherwise arbitrary attributes that may influence priority ordering of data synchronization (e.g. that data set of highest priority or highest business value should be synchronized first).
Typically, existing data synchronization methods do not provide a mechanism to logically "bundle" related data sets into logical units. Thus, it is not possible to attach a meaningful action to a group of files to be synchronized or to execute any arbitrary program and/or script after successful synchronization of a group of files.
Additionally, with existing data synchronization approaches, in the event of connection disruption between a client device and a server, resumption of data synchronization from the specific bundle that experienced the failure during the last connection disruption is not supported. Problematically, in existing data synchronization methods the synchronization server performs most of the processing and returns responses to clients. Typically these responses are not optimally compressed for lower bandwidth communication, making existing synchronization framework architectures relatively unscalable. In addition, existing methods do not support caching of most common server responses to make data synchronization more efficient.

Content synchronization frameworks using dynamic attributes and file bundles for connected devices

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


A portable information terminal having high adaptability and high convenience with respect to operating environment, and by which comfortable and high-quality sounds can be reproduced is provided. A sound reproducing system in a portable information terminal 1, wherein the portable information terminal is provided with at least two acoustic loudspeakers 2a and 2b; and the at least two acoustic loudspeakers are driven simultaneously to compensate their reproduced sounds with each other.

With respect to installation of speakers and the like in portable information terminals such as conventional cellular phone, ringer for sounding bell sounds, micro motor for producing vibrations or the like has been attached to a cabinet for portable information terminals as a means for receiving call incoming.
Furthermore, it is usual to attach a micro speaker for reproducing received sounds or amplifying recorded messages, and a microphone for collecting voice being fundamental functions in portable information terminal, respectively.
Japanese Laid-Open Patent No. H10-276250 discloses that stereo sounds are listened by users with the use of earphones or headphones in portable information terminals.
In this case, however, there are such disadvantages that unpleasant ache appears at a position where user's ears are in contact with a earphone or a headphone for a long period of time, and that the earphone or headphone must be carried together with the portable information terminal in case of user's movement. Besides, plural persons cannot listen stereo sounds at the same time, so that there has been such a problem that it is insufficient in view of comfortableness and convenience.
Moreover, Japanese Laid-Open Patent No. H8-171477 discloses a workstation and the like for personal computer (PC), and Japanese Laid-Open Patent No. H9-120354 discloses reproduction of stereo sounds by means of a loudspeaker without accompanying an earphone and a headphone with respect to notebook-size personal computer.
In reproduction of stereo sounds through loudspeakers, spatial extensity is required for a sound source, while there is a possibility of appearing cross talk as mentioned hereunder, which is not experienced by the use of earphones or headphones. For this reason, a distance defined between right and left loudspeakers must be maintained at a given distance or more, and an acoustic pressure difference and a phase difference between both ears of an audience must be maintained at a given value or more, respectively, with respect to the right and left loudspeakers.
In this connection, when a distance defined between the right and left loudspeakers is made to be small so that an acoustic pressure difference and a phase difference between ears of the audience decrease respectively, with respect to the right and left loudspeakers, stereo sound effects decrease due to cross talk, resulting in substantially monaural sounds.
In this respect, since a portable information terminal is more compact than the above-described personal computer and the like, a distance between right and left loudspeakers becomes narrower, so that it is difficult to maintain stereo sound effects, whereby there is such a problem that it is difficult to reproduce stereo sounds with high acousticity.
Incidentally, a tendency of multimedia portable information terminal becomes remarkable in recent years, so that mass storage data such as picture image and music must be handled because of increase in a capacity of built-in memory, introduction of a storage medium, and high-speed of communication in portable information terminals.
Moreover, an ownership ratio of portable information terminals including cellular phone is remarkable, and in addition, many persons take along such portable information terminal in case of outing, so that there is a task for elevating convenience to add other extra functions to portable information terminals.
In order to listen high-quality and comfortable sounds derived from multimedia data by means of a portable information terminal, there is such a task that not only stereo sound reproduction of comfortable sounds is required, but also broadband property in frequency of the sounds must be maintained to assure high-quality sounds with respect to portable information terminals.
Furthermore, there is such a task that maintenance of directivity in sounds is required for portable information terminal to listen the same by a plurality of persons in a restricted region, to avoid harassment with respect to surrounding people, and to be suitable for operating environment with respect to portable information terminals.
On the contrary to that described above, there is such a task that omnidirectional characteristics of sounds are to be maintained for listening such sounds by much more persons.
Besides, there is a task of requiring such convenience that two or more persons can catch individually two or more languages or sound sources.
Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems and tasks. An object of the present invention is to provide a sound reproducing system in portable information terminal, which can reproduce comfortable, high-quality sounds and has high adaptability to operating environment as well as high convenience, and a method therefor.

Sound reproducing system in portable information terminal and method therefor


A method and a system for charging for message communication, e.g. short messages, in intelligent network applications and especially for charging for message communication by a prepaid subscriber. For charging an intelligent network subscriber for message communication, the message communication bills of the intelligent network subscribers are retrieved from the data collected for message communication charging and the bills are used to update the charging data of the intelligent network. This action is preferably performed periodically.

The invention relates to charging for message communication, e.g. short messages, in intelligent network applications and especially to charging for message communication by a prepaid subscriber. A prepaid subscriber refers to a subscriber using prepaid subscription, i.e. a subscriber who has paid in advance.
A large number of different services can be offered to a subscriber of a telecommunication network—a wire network or a mobile network, for instance—by means of an intelligent network (IN). Examples of the services are a virtual private network (VPN) service, which enables the use of private numbers, and a personal number service, in which the intelligent network reroutes calls made to the personal number in a manner controlled by the subscriber.
An example of message communication in mobile networks is the short message service SMS. It differs from speech and data services in that to send a short message, a connection from the sender to the receiver need not be established, since short messages are transmitted through signalling. For instance, in the pan-European GSM network (Global System for Mobile Communication), short messages can be received and sent even during an ongoing call, since short messages are transmitted on control channels.
Charging an intelligent network subscriber for intelligent network services is usually done when the subscriber makes a call. In other words, establishing a connection triggers the charging. On the other hand, an intelligent network subscriber can also use chargeable short message services, for instance send short messages. Some systems also charge for receiving short messages. A connection is, however, not established for a short message service, in which case the intelligent network charging is not triggered, because prior art switching centres supporting intelligent network services do not support charging an intelligent network subscriber for short messages. The matter becomes especially problematic when prepaid connection time is used, because sending short messages, for instance, does not reduce the amount of money available, only actual calls do.