A waste compactor apparatus having a front, a back and sides, includes a compactor adapted to receive waste materials through an opening in the front and to compress the waste materials into a waste container positioned therebelow; a waste container defining an upwardly facing opening; a support frame supporting the compactor above a channel defined by the support frame, the channel sized for receiving the waste container in a position substantially subjacent the compactor; and, a stop header adapted for variable attachment to the support frame for defining the direction from which the container may be inserted and withdrawn from the channel of the frame.

To facilitate waste disposal and removal in the most efficient manner possible, many businesses employ a waste compacting unit with a compactor mounted on a support frame and over a container. The compactor receives waste materials through an opening into a receiving chamber and compresses them into the subjacent container. When full or at scheduled times, the container is withdrawn from beneath the compactor by a waste transport vehicle having a pair of forked arms which straddle the sides of and interlock with fork-receiving channels on the container. The vehicle then backs up, pulling the container free from beneath the compactor. The forked arms of the vehicle then pivot to lift the container up, over the vehicle cab, where the contents of the container fall into a waiting trash-receiving chamber mounted to the vehicle.
The compactor of these units generally includes a pivotally supported ram which swings down upon the trash, compressing it both down and to one end of the container. It is therefore a design objective to include a mechanism connected between the container and the compactor support frame to prevent the container from moving while the compacting ram exerts horizontal forces on it. Various designs have been developed to releasably lock the waste container with an associated compacting unit. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,804,289 discloses a connector for a refuse container and compactor having a pair of pins extending outwardly from opposite sides of the compactor, the pins adapted to engage with forwardly extending arms with specially shaped notches which cause the container to be pulled into tight engagement with the compactor when the pins enter into notches on the arms. U.S. Pat. No. 5,025,721 discloses an interlocking device for releasably locking a container to its overhead compactor, the device including first and second members formed of flat plates bent along their longitudinal length to form angled sections, one plate being mounted to the compactor and the other plate being mounted in opposing, mirrored fashion to the container. When the container is moved laterally, the plates mutually engage, the container rising and falling as the plate of the container rises up and over the hump of the plate of the compactor. U.S. Pat. No. 4,811,660 discloses a mechanical lock-in device for a front loader compaction assembly, the lock-in device including a vertically reciprocating locking member which is lifted by lifting forks of a collection vehicle when the forks are inserted into the container side pocket, thereby releasing the locking member from engagement with a corresponding bracket on the compactor support frame. Each of these devices, while operable to lock a container with its corresponding compactor without requiring the driver of the waste collection vehicle to leave his cab, each has its own disadvantages in manufacturing costs, reliability, and limitation on overall design of the compactor and container combination.
Another feature of compactors of this nature is the side from which the container is inserted and withdrawn relative to the waste-receiving opening of the compactor. That is, some compactors are mounted flush with the side of a building with the opening to the compactor receiving chamber being inside the building. To empty the container, the waste collection vehicle must engage and withdraw the container from the rear, opposite the side of compactor opening. In other instances, for example, when the compactor and container combination is situated in the corner of a fenced-in lot, refuse is received through a door on the front of the unit, and the container is withdrawn by the waste collection trucks also from the front of the unit. Furthermore, there are a number of different sized waste containers typically available to the user. This requires the supplier to have eight, ten, twelve or even more differently sized and configured compactor/container units to accommodate size and loading/unloading requirements.
What is needed is a vertical compactor assembly which easily provides for varying access requirements and multiple size requirements, and which provides a reliable locking mechanism for securing the container to the compactor during operation.

Waste compactor apparatus with compactor and removable subjacent container


A computer-implemented method includes storing data in a memory area such that the data is organized into a plurality of workspaces including a first workspace, creating a second workspace within the memory area, and copying at least a portion of the data from the first workspace into the second workspace. The method also includes enabling simultaneous editing of the first workspace and the second workspace, comparing the first workspace and the second workspace, and synchronizing the first workspace and the second workspace based on the comparison.

The embodiments described herein relate generally to collaborative development activities and, more particularly, to creating an online isolated workspace that duplicates all or at least part of an original workspace.
Rapid and clear exchange of ideas is of paramount importance when a design team is working on a project. However, unless members of a design team are working intimately and in close proximity, the exchange of ideas is often ineffective and incomplete. For example, a design team may be spread across various departments within an organization, or in different geographic locations, so that team members cannot engage in a spontaneous dialogue. Moreover, the members of a design team are increasingly spread across different companies, in different industries, and even different countries. When a design team involves such a diversity of members, an efficient and spontaneous exchange of ideas is often non-existent.
In existing systems, ideas that underlie designs are often shared by a team in an anachronistic and time-consuming manner, such as by sketches sent by fax, or by verbal communications over the telephone. Much of the detail or rationale of a design is lost in this manner. Similarly, the intermediate steps that led to a design, including ideas that were considered but not explored, are not communicated. Thus, a member of a team in a location remote from the source of the idea may engage in a repetition of the design process that led to a design proposal, since he did not have the benefit of observing the evolution of the idea. To be more effective, some design teams may schedule periodic face-to-face meetings. However, such meetings lead to loss of productivity from travel time and costs.
Various attempts have been made to facilitate the exchange of ideas through a simultaneous design effort. For example, "asynchronous" collaborative design has been attempted, wherein a design is resident on a central server connected to several team members (clients). While this is helpful, it suffers from a number of drawbacks. Since the model is resident on the central server, all design activity ceases in the event that the server is not functioning. Also, in such a system, only one team member can modify the model at a time. Each team member must wait while a member of the team modifies the design, and each team member must wait for the server to transmit the results to each team member. The design can progress in only one direction at a time. Furthermore, the volume of data that must be transmitted is large, which slows the process substantially.

Collaborative design using duplicated workspaces


An LCD panel (45) has a plurality of terminal electrodes (45d) formed at a peripheral portion thereof. The LCD panel (45) is brought into contact with conductive contact elements (13) and fixed by fixing means (71) to be electrically connected to a circuit board (81). An insulator (11) has a first surface (11a) for mounting the peripheral portion of the LCD panel (45), and a second surface (11b) to be faced to the circuit board (11b). The contact elements (13) are fixedly mounted in the insulator (11) to be brought into contact with the terminal electrodes (45d), respectively, when the LCD panel (45) is disposed on the first surface (11a) of the insulator (11). The fixing means (71) clamps and fixedly holds the insulator (11) and the LCD panel (45) when the LCD panel (45) is disposed on the first surface (11a). The insulator (11) is combined with a header (100) to be mounted on the circuit board (81).

This invention relates to an LCD panel connector for use in connection between a circuit board and an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) panel such as a liquid crystal glass plate and a liquid crystal film and, in particular, to an LCD panel connector adapted for use in electrical connection between a terminal electrode of an LCD panel and a conductive portion of a circuit board.
In an LCD panel using a driving system such as a static driving system, a simple matrix driving system, and an active matrix driving system, a plurality of terminal electrodes formed on a glass substrate with a liquid crystal enclosed therein are connected to a conductive pattern of a circuit board through an FPC (flexible printed circuit), as known in the art.
The terminal electrodes and the FPC are bonded to each other by the use of an adhesive with an anisotropic conductive sheet interposed therebetween.
The above-mentioned conventional technique of connecting the LCD panel has several disadvantages which will presently be described.
In case of occurrence of a defect in the LCD panel, the LCD panel must be replaced by a new LCD panel. In this event, the FPC and the anisotropic conductive sheet must be exchanged together with the LCD panel because the terminal electrodes and the FPC are fixed to each other by bonding as mentioned above.
Since the LCD panel and the FPC are connected to each other with the anisotropic conductive sheet interposed therebetween, assembling operation and reworking upon exchange inevitably become complicated.
Because the terminal electrodes and the FPC are bonded by the use of the adhesive which takes a considerably long time to be solidified.
After completion of the assembling operation, it is impossible to visually confirm, from external appearance, occurrence of interruption of connection and bonding defects.
Since the terminal electrodes and the FPC are electrically connected through the anisotropic conductive sheet, the terminal electrodes must be sufficiently long at connecting portions. This results in susceptibility to the influence of external noise at the connecting portions.

LCD panel connector for use in connection between an LCD panel and a circuit board

Japan Aviation Elecronics Industry, Limited


A method of adjusting infusion parameters that provide coverage of a selected target volume for direct infusions of a fluid includes using an algorithm for calculation of optimal packing of spheres or cylinders in a selected volume to determine the coverage of the selected target volume.

A target area for an intra-cranial infusion is conventionally estimated by a neuro-surgeon who utilizes medical images, such as MR-images. In cases of CED treatment after tumor resection, the physician typically implements a "safety-range" of about 2 cm around the resection cavity as the infusion target and the area of T2 enhancement that is identified with potential edema. These areas are quite likely areas of remaining and/or migrating tumor cells. The physician then tries to target these areas by implementing catheters to infuse a drug according to a treatment protocol, wherein the physician may be supported by simulation predictions generated by a software application or the like.

Method and apparatus for automated optimization of treatment plans


A magnetic disk substrate support member of glass or ceramic for supporting at least one magnetic disk substrate. The support member defines a contact surface which is flat to within 3 .mu.m or less. The support member and the magnetic disk substrate mutually define a contact area in which the support member and the magnetic disk substrate define a ratio of between 50% and 95%. The support member may be a spacer or a shim. The magnetic disk substrate may be arranged on a substantially cylindrical hub and fixed to a rotary shaft via the spacer or shim and supported by a clamp.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a magnetic disk unit used as an external storage of computers and a support member for magnetic disk substrate used for this.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Hitherto, as shown in FIG. 5, the magnetic disk unit is fixed by inserting multiple pieces of magnetic disk substrate 12 and spacer 20 alternately into a hub 11 fixed to a rotary shaft 10, and lastly pressing with a shim 30 and a clamp 40 and tightening with a screw 13. And by allowing the magnetic head 14 to move on the surface of the magnetic disk substrate 12 free from contact while the magnetic disk substrate 12 is being rotated by rotation of the above rotary shaft 10, the information is designed to be written to or read from the specified position of the magnetic disk substrate 12.
In recent years, these magnetic disk units 50 are required to achieve an extremely small levitation rate for the distance between the magnetic head 14 and the magnetic disk substrate 12 as the densification of information increases, and for this purpose, the magnetic disk substrate 12 was formed with ceramics or glass which is highly rigid and is difficult to generate deformation, and the support member such as spacers 20 for fixing the magnetic disk substrate 12, shims 30, and clamps 40 were formed with ceramics or glass same as those in the case of magnetic disk substrate 12 in order to prevent deformation of the magnetic disk 12 caused by a thermal expansion difference and to reduce weight (Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 5-80745 and Japanese Patent Application Laid Open No. Sho 61-148667).
For example, the spacer 20 for holding the magnetic disk substrate 12 to given intervals is made of alumina ceramics as shown in FIG. 8 and formed into a ring shape 21.
On the other hand, in Japanese Patent Laid Open No. Sho 51-118408, support members such as spacers and shims are disclosed, which are designed to have a plurality of air grooves cut radially on the contact surface with the magnetic disk substrate 12 and form an air layer in thc air groove in order to relieve stresses applied to the magnetic disk substrate 12 during clamping.
However, because ceramics or glass which comprises support members such as the spacer 20, shim 30, clamp 40, etc. are fragile, there was a fear of generating chipping at the edge due to the stress at the time of clamping. This broken piece may damage the magnetic disk substrate 12 or break the magnetic head 14, if it enters the clearance between the magnetic disk substrate 12 and the magnetic head 14 levitating on it.
On the other hand, with the support member designed to have air grooves cut on the contact surface and form air grooves in them, the greater the ratio of the air grooves accounting for the contact surface, the smaller is the contact surface with the magnetic disk substrate 12, possibly resulting in strain in the magnetic disk substrate 12. Consequently, it was unable to decrease the flatness of the magnetic disk substrate 12 at the time of clamping and it was unable to minimize the levitation rate of the magnetic head 14. In particular, when the magnetic disk substrate 12 deforms in the shape of a letter V, the magnetic head 14 collides against the magnetic disk substrate 12 to result in breakage.
In recent years, it has been known that static electricity is charged in the magnetic disk substrate 12 when the information is read or written and noise is generated to destroy the recording contents, but charging of the magnetic disk substrate 12 was unable to be prevented because ceramics and glass are, in general, insulating materials.
Under these circumstances, in this invention, the support members such as shims, clamps, and spacers are formed with ceramics or glass and at the same time the ratio of the actual contact surface is designed to be 50-95% as well as the flatness of this contact surface is made to be 3 .mu.m or less.
It is an object of this invention to provide a magnetic disk unit comprising one or a plurality of magnetic disk substrate arranged on a nearly cylindrical hub to be fixed to a rotating shaft via ring-form spars and shims and held by clamps, the said magnetic disk substrate being made from ceramics or glass and held by spacers and shims whose actual contact area ratio with the magnetic disk substrate is designed to be 50-95%, wherein the flatness of the contact surface is designed to be 3 .mu.m or less.
It is another object of this invention to provide a magnetic disk unit in which a through hole perpendicular to the contact surface of support member such as shims or clamps is drilled to dispose springs in the through hole or to fill the through hole with conductive materials or cover the surface with conductive materials in order to achieve conductivity between the top and the bottom of the contact surfaces and prevent charging of the magnetic disk.
This invention relates to a support member for magnetic disk substrate for holding the magnetic disk substrate to a specified position and a magnetic disk unit comprising one or a plurality magnetic disk substrate held to a hub by means of this.
Hitherto, as shown in FIG. 12, the magnetic disk unit was fixed by alternately inserting a plurality of magnetic disk substrate 115 and spacer 111 into a hub 114 fixed to a rotary shaft 113 and lastly pressing them with shims 110 and clamps 112 and tightening with screws 116. And with magnetic disk substrate 115 being rotated by the rotation of the rotary shaft 113, the magnetic head 117 was allowed to move on the surface of the magnetic disk substrate 115 free from contact so that the information is written or read at a specified position of the magnetic disk substrate 115.
In recent years, as the information density and the storage capacity increase, the magnetic disk unit 150 is required to further minimize the distance between the magnetic head 117 and the magnetic disk 115, increase flatness of the magnetic disk substrate 15, and improve smoothness of its surface, and, therefore, there is disclosed a magnetic disk substrate 115 using ceramics or glass, in which increased surface strength and improved surface smoothness are highly effectively achieved, and the support members such as spacers 111, shims 110, and clamps 112 for fixing and supporting the magnetic disk substrate 115 are formed with ceramics or glass for preventing deformation of the magnetic disk substrate 115 caused by thermal expansion difference as well as for reducing weight (Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 5-807415, Japanese Non-examined Patent Publication No. Sho 61-148667).
However, because ceramics or glass composing the support member are, in general, insulating materials, it has recently been known that supporting the magnetic disk 115 with these support members charges the magnetic disk substrate 115, generates noises in writing or reading the information, and possibly destroys the recording contents, and therefore, there is disclosed a method for preventing charging of the magnetic disk 115 by using the support member with the contact surface with the magnetic disk substrate 115 coated with metallic film such as aluminum, zinc, etc, (Japanese Non-examined Patent Publication No. Hei 2-226566).
However, because the support member with the contact surface coated with metallic film causes a large thermal expansion difference between the ceramics or glass constituting the substrate and the metallic film, there is a problem in which the flatness of the contact surface is impaired by the heat resulting from high-speed rotation. In addition, there is a problem of burr specific to metal. Consequently, because forming a magnetic disk unit 150 using this support member causes strain in the magnetic disk substrate 115 and impairs the parallelism between magnetic disk substrates 115, it is unable to reduce the levitation rate of the magnetic head 117, possibly causing the magnetic head 117 to come in contact with the magnetic disk substrate 115 and breaking the magnetic head 117.
In addition, there is a fear of peeling of the metallic film due to the thermal expansion difference with the ceramics or glass forming the substrate, and as a result, there is a problem in which static electricity charged on the magnetic disk substrate 115 is unable to be released.
Furthermore, there is a problem in which when the inside and outside edges of the support member are sharp edges, the metallic film thickness coated to the edges become thinner, causing disconnection according to circumstances, and static electricity is unable to be released.
In addition, there is another problem in which since ceramics or glass forming the support member are fragile, sharp edges may cause chipping due to stress at the time of clamping and this broken piece entering the clearance between the magnetic disk substrate 115 and the magnetic head 117 levitating above the substrate may damage the magnetic disk substrate 115 or break the magnetic head 117.
Consequently, in the magnetic disk unit 150 in which the magnetic disk substrate 115 is held with these support members, it is difficult to achieve sufficiently high densification and high capacity of the information and static electricity charged in the magnetic disk substrate 115 may generate noise in reading or writing the information and may destroy the recording contents.
In view of the foregoing problems, it is the a main object of this invention to provide a magnetic disk support members made of ceramics or glass, such as shims, clamps, and spacers, comprising the inside and outside edges of the support members provided with 0.04-0.5-mm-wide taper or curvature and at least the contact surface with the magnetic disk substrate and the inner circumferential surface coated with conductive ceramic film 0.1-3 .mu.m thick.
It is an object of this invention to provide a magnetic disk unit by holding one or a plurality of magnetic disk substrate comprising ceramics or glass to the hub fixed to a rotary shaft and comprising conductive material via a spacer and/or shim in a ring form made of ceramics or glass and with 0.04-0.5 mm taper or curvature provided on inner and outer edges and at least with the contact surface with the magnetic disk and the inner circumferential surfaces coated with 0.1-.mu.m conductive hard film.
More specifically, this invention is coated with any one type of conductive hard films of TiC, TiN, ZrN, HfC, TaC, ZrC, WC, VC, NbC, TiB.sub.2, ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), and DLC (Diamond-like Carbon).
This invention relates to magnetic disk substrate support members such as spacers, shims, and clamps for holding the magnetic disk substrate to a specified position and a magnetic disk unit comprising glass magnetic disk substrates held by these support members.
Hitherto, as illustrated in FIG. 17, the magnetic disk unit was fixed by alternately inserting a plurality of magnetic disk substrate 215 and spacer 211 into a hub 214 fixed to a rotary shaft 213 and lastly pressing them with shims 210 and clamps 212 and tightening with screws 216. And with the magnetic disk substrate 215 being rotated by the rotation of the rotary shaft 213, the magnetic head 217 was allowed to move on the surface of the magnetic disk substrate 215 free from contact so that the information is written or read at a specified position of the magnetic disk substrate 215.
In recent years, as the information density and the storage capacity increase, the magnetic disk unit 250 is required to further minimize the distance between the magnetic head 217 and the magnetic disk 215, increase flatness of the magnetic disk substrate 215, and improve smoothness of its surface, and, therefore, there is disclosed a magnetic disk substrate 215 using ceramics or glass, in which increased surface strength and improved surface smoothness are highly effectively achieved, and the support members such as spacers 211, shims 210, and clamps 212 for fixing and supporting the magnetic disk substrate 215 are formed with ceramics or glass for preventing deformation of the magnetic disk substrate 215 caused by thermal expansion difference as well as for reducing weight (Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 5-80745, Japanese Non-examined Patent Publication No. Sho 61-148667).
However, because ceramics or glass composing the support member are, in general, insulating materials, it has recently been known that supporting the magnetic disk 215 with these support members charges the magnetic disk substrate 215, generates noises in writing or reading the information, and possibly destroys the recording contents, and therefore, there is disclosed a method for preventing charging of the magnetic disk 215 by using the support member with the contact surface with the magnetic disk substrate 215 coated with metallic film such as aluminum, zinc, etc. (Japanese Non-examined Patent Publication No. Hei 2-226566).
However, because the support member with the contact surface coated with metallic film causes a large thermal expansion difference between the ceramics or glass constituting the substrate and the metallic film, there is a problem in which the flatness of the contact surface is impaired by the beat resulting from high-speed rotation. In addition, there is a problem of burr specific to metal. Consequently, because forming a magnetic disk unit 250 using this support member causes strain in the magnetic disk substrate 215 and impairs the parallelism between magnetic disk substrates 215, it is unable to reduce the levitation rate of the magnetic head 217, possibly causing the magnetic head 217 to come in contact with the magnetic disk substrate 215 and breaking the magnetic head 217.
In addition, there is a fear of peeling of the metallic film due to the thermal expansion difference with the ceramics or glass forming the substrate, and as a result, there is a problem in which static electricity charged on the magnetic disk substrate 215 is unable to be released.
Furthermore, though the metallic film is coated in a thin film form to prevent damage to flatness of the contact surface, because a slight sliding occurs between the magnetic disk substrate 215 and the support member due to high-speed rotation, causing wear or peeling of the metallic film with small hardness, there is a problem that static electricity is unable to be released.
In addition, there is another problem in which there is about 2 to 5.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree.C. thermal expansion difference between the support member and the glass magnetic disk substrate even in the support member comprising conductive ceramics, generating strain in magnetic disk substrate 215 in a similar manner as in the case of the support member with the contact surface coated with metallic film or impairing the parallelism between magnetic disk substrates 215.
In the magnetic disk unit 250 required for further increased density and larger capacity, there has not been obtained any unit 250 which satisfies the requirements for those using the above support members.
In view of the foregoing problems, in this invention, the magnetic disk substrate support members such as shims, spacers, and clamps are formed with conductive forsterite ceramics whose volume specific resistance is less than 10.sup.7 .OMEGA..cndot. cm.
This invention constructs a magnetic disk unit by inserting and fixing successively the above-mentioned support members and glass magnetic disk substrate into a hub comprising conductive materials.
This invention relates to a magnetic disk unit used as an external storage for computers and magnetic disk substrate support members used for the unit.
The magnetic disk unit used hitherto is designed to mount a plurality of magnetic disk substrates 315 and spacers 311 alternately to the hub 314 fixed to the rotary shaft 313, as shown in FIG. 20, press shims 310 and clamps 312, and tighten screws 316 for fixing. Rotating these magnetic disk substrates 315 by the rotation of the rotary shaft 313, the magnetic head 317 moves on the surface of each magnetic disk substrate 315 without contact, and writes or reads the information at a specified position of each magnetic disk substrate 315.
For the material of the magnetic disk substrate 315, aluminum substrates or glass substrates are used, the surface of which magnetic film is formed. On the other hand, for the support materials such as shims 310, spacers 311, and clamps 312, metallic materials such as aluminum or stainless steel are used.
In these magnetic disk units, in order to increase the recording density, the distance between the levitated magnetic head 317 and the magnetic disk substrate 315 should be minimized, and presently, this distance is required to achieve a levitation rate as small as 0.1 .mu.m or less. Consequently, the present applicant has already proposed to use ceramic materials with high rigidity and small thermal expansion rate as a material for the magnetic disk substrate (for example, see Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 3-64933, etc.). In addition to this, glass-coated ceramics, YAG, titanium, silicon, carbon, etc. have been proposed for the material of magnetic disk substrates 315.
However, with conventional metal shims 310 and spacers 311, and clamps 312, the maximum flatness achieved for the surface in contact with the magnetic disk substrate 315 is at most 3 .mu.m and at the same time because it is easy to deform when tightened due to low rigidity, bending is likely to occur in the magnetic disk substrate 315 at the time of tightening. Because when the magnetic disk substrate 315 bends, it is likely to collide against the magnetic head 317, the levitation rate of the magnetic head 317 is unable to be reduced, giving rise to inconvenience that higher density recording is not possible.
When ceramic magnetic disk substrate 315 is used, if support members such as shims 310, spacers 311, and clamps 312 are made of aluminum or other metals, strain is generated in the magnetic disk substrate 315 or tightening becomes loose when high temperature occurs due to high speed rotation during application because the difference between thermal expansion ratios of both is large.
Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of this invention, the magnetic disk substrate support members such as shims, spacers, and clamps are formed with ceramics or glass with thermal expansion ratio lower than 12.times.10 .sup.-6 .degree.C., and at the same time the flatness of the surface in contact with magnetic disk substrate is designed to be 3 .mu.m or lower. And combining this support member and a plurality of magnetic disk substrate, a magnetic disk unit is composed.
The support members referred to in this invention include spacers used for holding a plurality of magnetic disk substrate to specified intervals, and shims and clamps for mounting this magnetic disk substrate to the rotary shaft.
This invention relates to the magnetic disk unit used for external storage of computers and the support member for magnetic disk substrate used for the unit.
The magnetic disk unit used hitherto is designed to mount a plurality of magnetic disk substrates 415 and spacers 411 alternately to the hub 414 fixed to the rotary shaft 413, as shown in FIG. 25, press shims 410 and clamps 412, and tighten screws 416 for fixing. Rotating these magnetic disk substrates 415 by the rotation of the rotary shaft 413, the magnetic head 417 moves on the surface of each magnetic disk substrate 415 without contact, and writes or reads the information at a specified position of each magnetic disk substrate 415.
For the material of the magnetic disk substrate 415, aluminum substrates or glass substrates are used, the surface of which magnetic film is formed. On the other hand, for the support materials such as shims 410, spacers 411, and clamps 412, metallic materials such as aluminum or stainless steel are used (see, for example Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 61-278023).
In these magnetic disk units, in order to increase the recording density, the distance between the levitated magnetic head 417 and the magnetic disk substrate 415 should be minimized, and presently, this distance is required to achieve a levitation rate as small as 0.1 .mu.m or less. Consequently, the present applicant has already proposed to use ceramic materials with high rigidity and small thermal expansion rate as a material for the magnetic disk substrate (for example, see Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 3-64932, etc,.). In addition to this, glass coated ceramics, YAG, titanium, silicon, carbon, etc. have been proposed for the material of magnetic disk substrates 415.
However, with conventional metal shims 410 and spacers 411, and clamps 412, the maximum flatness achieved for the surface in contact with the magnetic disk substrate 415 is at most 5 .mu.m and at the same time because it is easy to deform when tightened due to low rigidity, bending is likely to occur in the magnetic disk substrate 415 at the time of tightening. Because when the magnetic disk substrate 415 bends, it is likely to collide against the magnetic head 417, the levitation rate of the magnetic head 417 is unable to be reduced, giving rise to inconvenience that higher density recording is not possible.
When ceramic magnetic disk substrate 415 is used, if support members such as shims 410, spacers 411, and clamps 412 are made of aluminum or other metals, strain is generated in the magnetic disk substrate 415 or tightening becomes loose when high temperature occurs due to high-speed rotation during application because the difference between thermal expansion ratios of both is large.
Therefore, a proposal has been made to form the support members such as shims, 410, spacers 411, clamps 412, etc. with ceramics, but in this case, hardness of the support member is excessively high and the magnetic film formed on the surface of the magnetic disk substrate 415 at the time of high-speed rotation is scraped away by ceramics, causing metallic powder.
In these invention, magnetic disk base support members such as shims, spacers, clamps are formed with ceramics with thermal expansion ratio 20.times.10 .sup.-6 .degree.C., and the surface in contact with the magnetic disk substrate is coated with film of 450 kg/mm.sup.2 or less, and the flatness of this contact surface is 5 .mu.m or less. And combining this support members and magnetic substrates, a magnetic disk unit is composed.
The support members referred to in this invention include spacers used for holding a plurality of magnetic disk substrate to specified intervals, and shims and clamps for mounting this magnetic disk substrate to the rotary shaft.
According to this invention, because support members are formed with ceramics, a large rigidity can be achieved and the flatness of the contact surface with the magnetic disk can be improved, it is possible to maintain the magnetic disk to a high accuracy. Because the film with small hardness is provided on the support member surface, scraping of magnetic film on the magnetic disk surface can be prevented.

Support magnetic disk substrate and magnetic disk unit using the support member composed of Forsterite and an iron based component


A water based thixotropic adhesive gel is disclosed which comprises; an aqueous emulsion of polyvinyl acetate in an amount sufficient to form adhesive bonds on wood; partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol in an amount sufficient to provide wet tack of the adhesive; glyoxal in an amount sufficient to provide water resistance to the adhesive; and wood flour in an amount sufficient to increase the water resistance imparted by the glyoxal and to provide sanding and staining properties to the adhesive; and xanthan gum in an amount sufficient to provide a thixotropic index and viscosity allowing extrusion of the gel from a flexible dispenser having a dispensing opening of about 0.073 inches in diameter by applying finger-pressure to the dispenser while, upon extrusion, the gel forms a bead which does not run when applied in a horizontal line on wood in a vertical plane.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to thixotropic, water based, general purpose, polyvinyl acetate adhesive gels for wood.
2. Background Art
Many different general purpose adhesives for wood are available. However, such adhesives have various shortcomings such as excessive running when placed on a vertical surface, and difficulty of the dried adhesive: (a) to take a conventional wood stain; (b) to be sanded; or (c) to resist moisture.
This invention provides a thixotropic adhesive gel which can be easily dispensed from a conventional hand held plastic squeeze bottle for wood glue. After being dispensed from the squeeze bottle, the adhesive does not run on vertical surfaces and forms a dry glue line which can be sanded, stained and has resistance to moisture.
The adhesive of this invention comprises and preferably consists essentially of: polyvinyl acetate as the primary adhesive agent; xanthan gum as a thixotropic thickening agent; polyvinyl alcohol as a tackifying agent; and a combination of both wood flour and glyoxal as water resisting agents for the dried adhesive. Additional conventional ingredients used in adhesive compositions such as defoamers, preservatives, and the like can also be use provided that such ingredients or the quantity thereof do not adversely affect the adhesives.
Water based polyvinyl acetate emulsions are popular wood glues. The Handbook of Adhesives, Third Edition which is edited by I. Skeist: pages 388-390 describes the use of polyvinyl alcohol for imparting wet tack and as a protective colloid for polyvinyl acetate emulsions; pages 394-395 discusses thixotropy, pseudoplasticity and thickening of polyvinyl acetate with various materials; and page 398 describes the use of foam control agents and biocides in such adhesives.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,442,845 of May 6, 1969 to P. Columbus et al. relates to polyvinyl acetate adhesives which, upon drying, are redispersible in cold or hot water. The adhesive compositions of the 845 patent use polyvinyl alcohol, water-soluble gums, and cellulose ethers as anti-coalescing agents for the polyvinyl acetate. Propylene glycol and other polyhydroxy compounds are mentioned as plasticizers for polyvinyl alcohol.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,251,400 of Feb. 17, 1981 to P. Columbus also relates to a polyvinyl acetate adhesive which is redispersible in hot and cold water in the dried film form and which uses polyvinylpyrrolidone and a non-volatile, water-soluble, plasticizer as the anti-coalescing agent. In addition to the polyvinyl acetate and polyvinylpyrrolidone that patent also mentions the use of polyvinyl alcohol, propylene glycol, as well as water-soluble ethers in the adhesive composition.
European Patent Application Publication Number 0210052 to Locktite which was published on Jan. 28, 1987 relates to various tubes for dispensing reactive adhesives such as cyanoacrylate at a rate of one or two drops at a time. The patent mentions resilient plastic tube dispensers and broadly states that the adhesive can be thixotropic.
Technical Bulletin DB-15 entitled "KELZAN, Xanthan Gum", of Merck & Co. describes xanthan gum as a thickener and suspending agent for water based systems and promotes its suspending, pseudoplastic (thixotropic), and stability properties.
KELCO XANTHAN GUM, Third Edition, of Kelco a division of Merck & Co. shows much the same as the above KELZAN bulletin, and also states that its xanthan gum provides smooth flow under sheer in adhesive formulations and that this allows the application of high solids.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,676,174 Uses a mixture of wood flour and plaster of Paris to form a paintable base for molded articles. In Col. 2, step 5, it discloses a composition of: I part plaster of Paris; 1 part of wood flour; and 6 parts fine metal powder. This dry powder is mixed with an equal quantity of polyvinyl acetate solution diluted with water and is used as a coating on clay objects.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,510,257 Discloses an aqueous polyvinyl acetate emulsion adhesive containing glyoxal and polyvinyl alcohol. The glyoxal imparts water resistance to the adhesive.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,638,022 Uses polyvinyl acetate together with pecan shell flour to provide a coating for wood or plastic which accepts conventional wood stains. The composition of this reference appears to be in an organic solvent system.
A commercial product called "Glue Gap 202 GF Filling" of the Garott Wade Company, Inc. which is located at 161 Sixth Avenue, New York, N.Y. is an aqueous polyvinyl acetate emulsion adhesive which contains wood fibers or wood flour. This product is viscous but has little or no thixotropy; also, much of the wood fiber appears to settle easily and requires shaking to disperse the wood fibers.


Provided is a flame-retardant fabric comprising (A) from 16 to 45 parts by weight of a halogen-containing fiber containing from 11 to 67% by weight of a halogen chemically bound to a polymer and from 4 to 30% by weight of an Sb compound not chemically bound to a polymer, (B) from 10 to 36 parts by weight of a polyvinyl alcohol fiber, and (C) from 60 to 40 parts by weight of a polyester fiber, which are compounded to total 100 parts by weight. The flame-retardant fabric of the present invention has an excellent heat resistance, an excellent processability and a high flame retardance. This fabric can improve the feeling after high-temperature processing such as transfer printing and further widen the range of application of a polyester fiber product.

In recent years, it has been increasingly required to secure safety of food, clothing and shelter, and the necessity of flame-retardant materials has been in demand. Under such circumstances, the improvement of the designing by various prints in addition to the above-mentioned flame retardance and the improvement of deodorization have been in demand in the field of interior materials, especially curtains.
A method in which a flame retardance is imparted to general-purpose inflammable fibers by blending the same with highly flame-retardant fibers has been so far conducted. Especially, it is quite advantageous in view of a cost, a designing and a productivity that polyester fibers, the most general-purpose fibers are blended with highly flame-retardant fibers to form flame-retardant composite fibers. In recent years, composite fibers of polyester fibers and halogen-containing fibers, especially, modacrylic fibers are chiefly being used in flame-retardant curtain materials.
However, since acrylic fibers having a how heat resistance are used in this composite fiber product, the acrylic fibers are hardened in processing requiring a high temperature, such as transfer printing, providing a poor feeling. For this reason, the very product is actually not produced commercially.

Thermal resistance-improved flame retardant cloth


The present invention provides an antimicrobial paint including an effective amount of one or more UV light absorbers. The UV light absorber can be any UV light absorber able to prevent or reduce a change or destructive effect by UV light on a metal pyrithione, but is preferably a benzotriazole UV light absorber or a hindered amine light stabilizer (“HALS”).

Paints are typically liquids, which are useful for application to a substrate, such as wood, metal, glass, ceramics, fiberglass, composite materials, cardboard, corrugated board, paper, textiles, non-woven materials, plastic, foam, tape or a combination thereof, in a thin layer. Paints are typically used to protect the surface of the substrate from elemental damage and/or physical damage. They are also commonly used for decoration and aesthetic purposes, and find very broad commercial use as well as a variety of uses in the home. Paints, their formulations, ingredients, additives and processing conditions are generally described in Kirk-Othmer-Paint; pg. 1049-1069, Vol. 17; 1996, by Arthur A. Leman, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety.
For many years, there has been a need in the paint industry for a paint that is capable of preventing growth of microbes, such as mould and bacteria, on walls and other painted surfaces. Indoors, moulds can be a health hazard as well as an aesthetic problem. Additionally, a paint that has antibacterial qualities would be desirable, especially in hospitals, kitchens, and meat processing rooms. Until now, it has been difficult to produce a paint with anti-microbial activity which also has low toxicity to humans.
A number of paints claim to have anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-yeast and/or anti-viral activity. However, many of these paints suffer from associated problems that either affect their visual appeal and/or create potential toxicological health hazards. For example, metal pyrithione compounds, such as zinc pyrithione, have been used in latex paint as long lasting anti-fungal compounds with low human toxicity. However, it is well known in the paint manufacturing industry that the effective amount of zinc pyrithione is approximately 0.5% v/v, but greater than about 0.4% v/v is very difficult to mix into typical paint bases or binders. Moreover, zinc pyrithione is sensitive to ultraviolet light and consequently tends to experience loss of its antimicrobial properties upon exposure to sunlight. Furthermore, zinc pyrithione yellows after a period of time in the presence of sunlight, which affects the color of a paint in which it is present.
The present invention relates to an antimicrobial paint that overcomes or at least alleviates some of the problems associated with so-called antimicrobial paints previously in use.


In an approach for providing a dynamic boundary based approach for monitoring and metering, a processor provisions at least one agent to one or more network accessible resources, wherein the at least one agent is configured to allow for monitoring and metering. A processor provides at least one dynamic boundary for monitoring and metering. A processor receives information captured by the at least one agent provisioned to the one or more network accessible resources based on the dynamic boundary for monitoring and metering. A processor causes the information to be available for use.

The present invention relates generally to the field of application performance management, and more particularly to a dynamic boundary based approach for monitoring and metering.
In the fields of information technology (IT) and systems management, application performance management (APM) is the monitoring and management of performance and availability of software applications. APM strives to detect and diagnose application performance problems to maintain an expected level of service. APM is the translation of information technology metrics into business meaning (i.e., value).
Software metering refers to several areas. First, software metering tracks and maintains software licenses. One needs to make sure that only the allowed number of licenses are in use, and, at the same time, that there are enough licenses for each use. The tracking can include monitoring of concurrent usage of software for real-time enforcement of license limits. Such license monitoring usually includes when a license needs to be updated due to version changes or when upgrades or rebates are possible. Second, software metering may include real-time monitoring of all (or selected) applications running on a computer or computers in order to detect unregistered or unlicensed software and prevent its execution, or limit its execution to within certain hours. The systems administrator can configure the software metering agent on each computer in the organization, for example, to prohibit the execution of gaming software, for example, between the hours of 9 A.M. and 5 P.M. Third, software metering may include fixed planning to allocate software usage to computers according to the policies an organization specifies and to maintain a record of usage and attempted usage. An organization can check out and check in licenses for mobile users and can also keep a record of all licenses in use. Fixed planning is often used when limited license counts are available to avoid violating strict license controls. Finally, software metering may include a method of software licensing where the licensed software automatically records how many times, or for how long, one or more functions in the software are used, and the user pays fees based on the actual usage (also known as pay-per-use).
One of the main functions of most software metering programs is to keep track of the software usage statistics within an organization. Software metering assists the IT departments in keeping track of licensed software, which is often from multiple software vendors. Desktop or network based software metering packages can provide an inventory of software, give details of all the software installed in the network with the total number of copies with the usage details of each software, and even track metrics of software use, such as: how often the software is used by a particular department, the peak times the software is being utilized, and what add-ons are being utilized with the software. The possible savings on the cost of renewing the licenses of rarely used programs can be well worth the cost of the software.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Dynamic boundary based monitoring and metering

International Business Machines Corporation


Effective techniques and equipment are described for maintaining and improving dredge disposal sites. In one aspect, the use of winching equipment is described to move a digging vehicle within a containment area for effective creation of ditching to permit substantial dewatering and drainage of the dredge spoil to dry it. Substantially dried spoil is removed from the containment area pit using amphibious scraper equipment. The substantially dried spoil may then be used to build up the berm surrounding the dredge pit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for maintenance and improvement of dredge disposal containment areas. In one particular aspect, the invention relates to methods and apparatus for constructing ditching in low ground pressure areas such as containment areas for dewatering and drying of spoil. In another particular aspect, the invention relates to methods and apparatus for removing the dried spoil from the containment area.
2. Description of the Related Art
Dredge disposal or containment areas are located throughout the United States for the disposal of dredge spoil which has been dredged from waterways or spent ore or waste from mining operations. This spoil is classified as hazardous by the EPA since, for example, the sludge dredged from waterways contains oil and other heavy metals which have sunk to the bottom of the waterway. Since this spoil has been classified as hazardous waste and because the land used for a containment area thereafter becomes unusable for any other purpose, no new containment areas are currently being built for the disposal of this spoil. Thus, maximum utilization of existing containment areas is required.
Containment areas may be of various sizes and are generally oval shaped. Generally, a containment area includes a levy which extends around the perimeter of the containment area with the crown of the levy being well above the containment area for the spoil. The levy starts out maybe only a few feet high. Then, as spoil material in the containment area is dried, the dried spoil is removed and added to the top of the levy, raising its height and providing for additional space in the containment area for additional spoil. Typically the top of the levy is flat and about 10-12 feet wide so that a vehicle can drive on the levy. On the inside of the levy there is a berm or work shelf which then slopes down into the pit or into a large ditch which has been dug around the perimeter of the containment area inside the levy. The berm may be 30 to 50 feet wide.
The containment area is typically sloped such that one end is higher than the other end. As the spoil is transported into the containment area, such as through a discharge pipe, the solids drop first into the higher end of the containment area with the fines flowing to the lower end of the containment area. Often the containment area has a two foot drop from one end to the other.
One or more weirs are located in the perimeter ditch to allow the run off of the water draining from the spoil. The weirs typically include four vertical I-beams having horizontal boards extending between the vertical supports. Typically the boards of the weirs are three inches thick and forty-eight inches long. Boards are added to the weir as the level of the containment area is raised through the addition of more spoil thus allowing the water to run over the top boards and into the weir. The weirs are of different sizes depending upon the amount of anticipated water volume. A ditch or run off pipe communicates with the weir to allow the water to flow or be pumped to an adjacent area such as, for example, a river. There may be as many as five pipes carrying water from each weir.
The containment area also includes interior ditches extending across the width of the containment area generally on 50 foot centers. These interior ditches are sloped in the direction of the perimeter ditch to drain the water into the perimeter ditch. Because they cross the pit of the containment area, the interior ditches have proven difficult to construct.
Digging vehicles are used currently to dig the interior ditches and these vehicles include rotary ditchers which dig various width ditches, such as three or six foot wide ditches. The blades of the rotary ditchers have hard steel teeth and rotate at approximately 270 rpms. As the digging vehicle digs an interior ditch, the spoil being removed from the ditch is thrown up to 150 feet on each side of the ditch so as not to obstruct the water drainage into and down the ditch.
The pit of the containment area is difficult for equipment to operate in because the spoil is pumped into the containment area is in the form of a slush or sludge which provides little or no ground support. After being removed from a river or other body of water where it has remained under pressure, the spoil tends to expand and absorb and hold water. Typically, the ground pressure of the spoil in the containment area for supporting the digging vehicle is in the range of 0.3 psi to 1.0 psi. The containment area may have a depth of up to 50 or 60 feet of this slush or sludge. Since the spoil essentially provides no ground pressure to support a vehicle, specially designed digging vehicles must be used for digging the interior ditches. Typically, a digging vehicle weighs approximately 30,000 pounds and includes some type of flotation for moving across the water suspended spoil which provides some limited buoyancy because of the water in the spoil. Digging vehicles used in digging interior ditches across containment areas are manufactured by the Dondi Corporation or the Moletti Corporation, both of Italy, or the John Deere Company. Some of these vehicles use rubber flotation tires while others use continuous tracks. The rubber tired vehicles typically include six to eight foot diameter flotation tires. These tires permit the digging vehicle to remain "afloat" in the spoil, but, unfortunately, they do not provide sufficient traction in wet spoil so that ditches can be dug.
One currently practiced method for digging the interior ditches includes setting up the digging vehicle adjacent one side of the containment area and hooking a cable onto the digging vehicle. The other end of the cable is attached to a bulldozer with the cable extending around a deadman or pulley located on the opposite side of the containment area from the digging vehicle. The cable is not wound onto a spool but is dragged around the containment area behind the bulldozer. The bulldozer then drives along the crown of the levy pulling the digging vehicle across the containment area as it digs an interior ditch. In this method, it is preferred that one long continuous cable be used since the connection for two sections of cable may not pass through the deadman pulley. Thus, it is preferred to have a cable which is at least as long as the distance across the containment area. If the cable breaks, it is necessary to attach the ends of the cable such that the connection will pass through the deadman pulley.
This procedure is very slow and labor intensive. The long cable must be dragged around the containment area by the bulldozer and each time properly aligned with the new interior ditch to be cleaned or dug. Each time a new ditch is to be dug, it is necessary to lay out the cables along the top of the levy and across the containment area.
In pulling the digging vehicle across the containment area to dig an interior ditch, the digging vehicle is pulled with a slow, steady constant movement. The operators of the digging vehicle and bulldozer have radios allowing them to communicate and control the speed of the digging vehicle as it is pulled. The speed of the digging vehicle depends upon the consistency of the spoil in the containment area through which the interior ditch is being dug. If the spoil is very soft, the ditch can be cut faster where if the spoil has been allowed to dry and crust over, it is necessary that the digging vehicle be pulled at a slower speed.
The amount of line pull on the cable which is required to pull one of the digging vehicles across the containment area is determined by the weight of the digging vehicle and the drag created by the digging operation. The digging vehicle sinks into the spoil such that a wall of sludge and slush is pushed in front of the digging vehicle as it is pulled across the containment area. Often, the amount of line pull on the cable required to pull the digging vehicle across the containment area is in the range of 40,000 to 60,000 pounds.
Attempts have been made in the past to use hydraulic winches to pull the digging vehicle across the containment area. These attempts have largely been unsuccessful. A hydraulic winch is set at a torque level based on release valves, the amount of hydraulic flow (gpm) and the psi of the pump. The hydraulic winch also is regulated by a series of slip connections floating in oil. These combined create the line pull tonnage of the hydraulic winch. The hydraulic motor is connected directly to the shaft of the spool for the cable. Once the hydraulic winch reaches a certain amount of torque, there is a bypass. However, the torque designed for the hydraulic winch can easily be exceeded in pulling the digging vehicle such that the bypass may not be affected.
Hydraulic winches are rated by the tons of line pull on the first wrap of the cable around the spool. The first wrap of the cable might have 5 tons of line pull but every time a wrap of cable is added to the spool, the amount of line pull decreases. It has been observed that a 1/2 inch cable wrapped on the spool of a hydraulic winch was not strong enough to pull a ditching vehicle across the containment area and would often break. Thus, it was necessary to use a 9/16 inch cable. The spool of the hydraulic winch would only accommodate approximately 800 feet of 9/16 inch diameter cable. However, each additional wrap on the spool reduced the line pull of the hydraulic winch. One such hydraulic winch was used by ARDCO, now Pettibone, of Houston, Tex., (713)433-6751 and was mounted on a rubber tired vehicle.
Because hydraulic winches lose torque as more wraps of cable are added to the spool, it was necessary to use multiple sections of cable limited to what the winch could carry (typically on the order of 500 feet) so that only one cable section would be wrapped onto the spool of the winch at one time to ensure that there was sufficient torque to pull the digging vehicle across the containment area. Using this method, the winch spool only accommodates a few hundred feet of cable and then the cable has to be unhooked from the winch, respooled onto a separate spool, and then a new section of cable rehooked again to the winch spool to pull that cable section onto the spool. This procedure is cumbersome, requires a separate spool for the cable, and oftentimes does not have sufficient torque to pull the digging vehicle across the containment area.
For further information on spoil disposal and crust management of spoil, see the attached document entitled "Wilco Marsh Buggies, Inc.: Experts in De-Watering and Disposal Area Construction" incorporated herein by reference.
In some large containment areas, the width of the containment area pit may be two miles. It can be appreciated that a hydraulic winch has difficulty in accommodating 12,000 feet of cable to handle this large distance. There is no known hydraulic winch which is capable of providing 60,000 lbs. of line pull using 12,000 feet of cable.


A combination of setting a correction value of an atmospheric temperature for each temporal section in response to a predicted value of a variation of the atmospheric temperature in a day and a delayed variation of a temperature of hydraulic oil due to thermal inertia and correcting a command value for a temperature regulation of the hydraulic oil at a supply source of the hydraulic oil in response to the correction value of the atmospheric temperature, performing a feed forward compensation of the temperature of the hydraulic oil with respect to the variation of the atmospheric temperature for the day as a cyclic period, permits a working body of hydraulic oil to be kept at an adequate temperature, even under working conditions subjected to significant influences of atmospheric temperature variations and thermal inertia.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a hydraulic oil temperature control method and a hydraulic oil temperature control system, and particularly, it relates to a method and a system for a temperature control of hydraulic oil applicable such as to a body of cooling oil or lubricating oil for a static pressure bearing as well as a spindle such as of a large-scaled machine tool or industrial machine that has a supply place of hydraulic oil distant from the place of use.
2. Description of Relevant Art
As a temperature control method of hydraulic oil applicable such as to a body of cooling oil or lubricating oil for a static pressure bearing as well as a spindle such as of a machine tool or industrial machine, there is known an adaptive control method that includes measuring an actual machine temperature or room temperature by a temperature sensor, and employing the results for regulating an oil temperature to have a viscosity of hydraulic oil adapted for the machine temperature or room temperature.
Such a conventional adaptive control method presumes an effective machine temperature or room temperature to be always measurable.
In other words, there is a presumption that influences should be neglectable in respect of variations of atmospheric temperature after a regulation of oil temperature as well as a delay in variation of oil temperature due to thermal inertia associated such as with a machine tool or industrial machine.
It therefore is difficult to keep a body of hydraulic oil at an adequate temperature in use such as for a static pressure bearing as well as a spindle such as of a large-scaled machine tool or industrial machine that has a supply place of hydraulic oil distant from the place of use.
One may exemplarily suppose a large-scale astronomical telescope for which an observation dome stands on a summit of a mountain, and a control house is built at a side of the mountain, as the control house is a site for placing a supply source of hydraulic oil, where a body of hydraulic oil is temperature-regulated, and the temperature-regulated body of hydraulic oil is transferred by an outdoor pipeline to a static pressure bearing of the astronomical telescope, consuming time for the transfer, so that no artisan can ignore influences due to atmospheric temperature variations and associated thermal inertia, suffering the difficulty of remote-controlling the transferred body of hydraulic oil at an adaptive temperature for use or work in the static pressure bearing.

Method and system for temperature control of hydraulic oil


A computer-based method for downloading text content and images in web pages is provided. The method includes downloading a web page as a temporary extensible markup language (XML) file in an application server, and searching the temporary XML file for predetermined information in the temporary XML file. The method further includes searching the temporary XML file for text content in the temporary XML file. Furthermore, the method includes converting a relative path of the image uniform resource locator (URL) to an absolute path by joining the URL of the web page to the front of the relative path of the image URL, and generating a local path for each image in the temporary XML file and storing each image into an application server according to the local path.

1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to information management systems and methods, and more particularly to a system and method for downloading text content and images in web pages.
2. Description of Related Art
With the development of computer technology and network technology, the Internet has become a medium for users to acquire information. Usually, the users download the web pages into a database. Given the widespread use of downloading web pages in both private and business environments, there is a growing need or desire for the ability to query text content and images of the web pages quickly and accurately. Thus, it would be desirable to give the computer user the ability to focus on text content and images of the web pages.
Therefore, what is needed is a system and method for downloading text content and images in web pages, which can obtain text content and images of web pages quickly and efficiently.

System and method for downloading text content and images in web pages

Hong Fu Jin Precision Industry (ShenZhen) Co., Ltd.


A universal lightweight, easily carried memory identification card records information and controls access to this information. The memory card includes a file system of electronic files on the card, which are automatically detected and recognized by selected authorized readers. The file system is organized so that stored electronic files appear in separate and distinct encrypted compartments in the card, so that only authorized pre-selected readers have access to particular compartments. Biometric identifying information is imprinted in the card, so that no data can be transferred unless there is a biometric match between a reader and a person assigned to the card and who possesses the card. The separate compartments of the memory card may include a compartment containing medical, administrative or financial information relating to the assigned user of the card, wherein the information is accessed only by a pre-selected memory card reader having the unique pin code assigned to the compartment having the medical information. The memory identification card can also have a single chip Global Positioning System (GPS) to identify where the card is being used.

Signatures have been utilized for centuries as the primary method of authentication. For many years, the process has involved a visual inspection between a newly signed document and a prior signature. This process, however, has significant limitations, as it typically depends on subjective decisions made by individuals having little skill, if any, in making signature comparisons. In recent years, computers have been increasingly utilized to assist in the authentication process, however, there are still significant drawbacks. Much of the problems have been a result of the increased globalization of business and society. For example, differences in language, culture and geographic location have added many new variables that have needed to be considered and dealt with appropriately.
Another complicating factor is that we live, it is said, in the 'information age'. What is meant by that phrase is that we live in a time when information is very important and easily accessible. To get a real appreciation, however, as to the impact the information age has had on society, it is necessary to reflect on the meaning of term "information" itself. "Information" is a term that has broad implications in today's environment and covers any type of "data" or "facts" and in any format, such as, for example, text, graphics, audio or video, to name a few.
Technological innovation has made it progressively easier in recent years to disseminate information from place to place, for example, by telephone, portable devices, such as recorders or PDA's, and via computer networks, such as the internet. The ease by which information can be readily obtained and disseminated have raised many concerns, such as privacy issues as well as issues of fraud and security concerns. Laws have been enacted in attempt to deter piracy of sensitive public or private information, but that has done little to address the source of the problem.
Moreover, as technology advances and links goods and services throughout the world, the economy and stability of civilized societies become more vulnerable to sophisticated means of attack and destabilization. Government and businesses are linked world wide via telephone, cable, and wireless technologies. This technological communications revolution has left our society open to a new worldwide threat. Interference with our current technologies by a third party wishing to cause chaos in the free world is a constant and real threat to all people.
The computer linked worldwide communications systems are vulnerable based on the current system. The present system allows acceptance of devastating electronic programs such as so called "worms" and "viruses". The present system also allows the very worrisome intrusion by "hackers", who can gain control of vital government functions and an individual's personal records.
Apart from prevention of attacks upon the information that is linked to government and private institutions, a method to track and help apprehend the criminals and terrorists that wish to harm the free world is also needed. Presently, there is no system in place to link the actual person responsible for the attack to the crime.
In view of the forgoing, there is seen a need for improving the manner by which information integrity can be maintained and dissemination regulated.


The present disclosure relates to a power management circuit including a control circuit, a first switch module, a second switch module, and a voltage conversion circuit. A first input end of the control circuit receives a main battery activeness detection signal, a first output end is connected to an enabling end of the second switch module which is connected to the voltage conversion circuit and an energy recovery component, and a second output end is connected to an enabling end of the first switch module which is connected to the voltage conversion circuit, a secondary battery, and a main battery. According to the received activeness detection signal, a channel used by the energy recovery component to charge the secondary battery is connected, or a channel used by the secondary battery or the energy recovery component to charge the main battery is connected.

With a growing trend of wearable technologies, various wearable devices emerge on the market, and the wearable device usually includes two parts: a host and a wrist strap. Because of a function definition of some wearable devices, the host needs to be separable from the wrist strap. For example, in Huawei Talkband B1, to implement a Bluetooth headset function, a host needs to be separable from a wrist strap. That is, when the Bluetooth headset function is used, the host and the wrist strap are separated, and when a call is finished and a step count function is used, the host is connected to the wrist strap again. If a flexible film battery is deployed on the wrist strap of Talkband B1 to improve a battery capacity of the entire machine, a main battery on a host side may be frequently separated from the flexible battery on the wrist strap. For such a separable wearable device with dual batteries, how to ensure normal charging of the dual batteries is a technical problem to be resolved.
FIG. 1 is an architecture diagram of a power management chip in the prior art. In FIG. 1, a voltage conversion circuit is connected to an energy recovery component, a maximum power point tracking circuit, a switch SW, and a main battery, and is configured to convert a voltage output by the energy recovery component. A loop control circuit is connected to the switch SW and is configured to receive a valid signal or an invalid signal. Specifically, a valid signal is received when a host is in an active state, and an invalid signal is received when the host is in an inactive state. The valid signal may control the switch SW to be closed, and the invalid signal may control the switch SW to be opened. The switch SW is connected to the voltage conversion circuit, a secondary battery, and the main battery, a control end of the switch SW is connected to the loop control circuit, and the switch SW is configured to connect or disconnect a channel between the secondary battery and both the voltage conversion circuit and the main battery. In FIG. 1, when the host is in an active state, the loop control circuit receives a valid signal, and the valid signal controls the switch SW to be closed, so that the channel between the secondary battery and both the voltage conversion circuit and the main battery is connected, that is, output of the energy recovery component charges both the main battery and the secondary battery by using the voltage forwarding circuit, but cannot charge only the main battery.
It may be learned that the power management chip in the prior art cannot preferably charge the main battery when the host is in an active state, that is, cannot ensure normal charging of dual batteries.

Power management circuit, intelligent terminal, and charging method


A blocking element is disclosed for blocking the movement of a handle or a switching lever of an electrical switch. In at least one embodiment, the blocking element is switchable between at least two positions. In the first position, the blocking element can block the movement of the handle or of the switching lever and, in the second position, the blocking element cannot block the movement of the handle or of the switching lever.

Switching devices for switching electrical currents typically comprise at least one contact system and further housing modifications. The contact system forms an electrical switch and is used for switching electrical currents.
One class of switching devices are the so-called circuit breakers, which can typically switch currents of 100 A or more. These circuit breakers comprise a housing, in which the individual phases of the currents are switched. The individual phases of the currents can be accommodated in pole cartridges, which are enclosed by a dedicated housing.
A movable and a fixed contact are accommodated in the pole cartridges, the movable and fixed contacts being separable mechanically or brought together in order to switch off or on the currents. During separation of the movable and fixed contacts of a pole cartridge, an arc is produced which is typically quenched in a so-called quenching chamber. Likewise, circuit breakers are known which do not contain any pole cartridges and which accommodate movable and fixed contacts in their housing.
In the housings of the switching devices, in addition to the switching mechanism which can be actuated manually by way of a handle, for example, accessories can also be accommodated. Typically, the accessory is accommodated in a pocket in the housing of the electrical switch. The accessory is typically covered by an accessory cover, with the result that the accessory is protected from unauthorized access.
The accessory cover itself is often designed in such a way that, when the switch is switched on, the accessory cover cannot be removed from the housing of the electrical switch. For safety reasons, the electrical switch should be prevented from being switched on when the accessory cover is open.

Blocking element for an electrical switch


Methods and systems for dynamically training a web crawler. The web crawler maintains one or more categories each comprising a set of words. The method includes selecting at least one hyperlink in response to a query received from a user. The method further includes determining a hyperlink score for the at least one hyperlink based on a category score associated with each of one or more categories. The category score associated with each of the one or more categories is updated based at least in part on the hyperlink score. The updated category score is compared with the hyperlink score to select a category from the one or more categories. The set of words associated with the category is updated based on content of a web page pointed by the at least one hyperlink.

Web crawler is an internet bot that browses through the World Wide Web (WWW) for indexing one or more web sites. Some of the web crawlers browse through websites having specific content (e.g., healthcare, technology, etc.). Such web crawlers are usually referred as focused web crawlers, or focused crawlers.
Typically, the focused web crawlers are trained on a sample or seed websites prior to browsing through the WWW. During actual crawling through the WWW, the focused web crawler utilizes the content learnt from the sample or seed websites to browse through the WWW. As the web crawler only utilizes the content learnt during the training phase, therefore the scope of browsing of the focused web crawler may be limited. This may lead to a decline in the efficiency of the overall crawling process.


The invention relates to a newly identified avian rotavirus D VP6 nucleotide sequence and uses thereof.

Rotaviruses belong to the Reoviridae family of viruses, and can affect the gastrointestinal system and the respiratory tract of birds, amongst other organisms. The family of Reoviridae consists of different genera including orthoreovirus (avian and mammalian reoviruses), orbivirus (Bluetongue virus) and rotavirus (groups A to G).
Rotaviruses are non-enveloped, double-shelled RNA viruses. The genome is composed of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA, which code for six structural and six non-structural proteins.
There are six viral proteins (VPs) that form the three-layered icosahedral protein capsid of the virion. These structural proteins are called VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4, VP6 and VP7 [1]. VP6 forms the bulk of the capsid. It is highly antigenic and can be used to identify rotavirus species [2]. In addition to the VPs, there are six non-structural proteins (NSPs) that are only produced in cells infected by rotavirus. These are called NSP1, NSP2, NSP3, NSP4, NSP5 and NSP6 [1].
Avian rotaviruses (ARVs) are well known [3, 4 and 5] and frequently affect poultry flocks, and in particular chicken flocks, worldwide. The symptoms in infected chicken are diarrhoea with subsequent slow weight gain, a syndrome which is known as Malabsorption Syndrome (MAS) or Runting Stunting Syndrome (RSS).
In one field study, broiler chicks between 6 and 18 days of age from 8 flocks with RSS were examined to determine which ARVs are major contributors to the pathogenesis of RSS [6]. In this study, ARVs were detected in 32 of 34 chicks from the flocks with RSS. Four groups of ARVs were identified in flocks with RSS: AVR A, D, F and G. The results of this study showed that group D ARV plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RSS.
The economic impact of RSS on chicken breeders is severe. All infected chickens will be lost. Early detection and prevention of infection by ARV is therefore highly desirable.
Currently, ARVs are usually detected and identified on the basis of the migration of the 11 genomic RNA fragments using RNA-PAGE. The RNA-PAGE pattern characteristic of an group D ARV is 5:2:2:2 [7]. This characteristic pattern of RNA migration can be used to identify group D ARVs.
ARVs can also be detected using ELISA [8], transmission electron microscopy, and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) [6]. Only PAGE allows discrimination of different ARV groups, but it has only a low degree of sensitivity. At present, PCR methods are only available for detection of group A rotaviruses. No nucleotide sequence data existed for group D ARVs at the priority date. There is therefore a pressing need to develop alternative methods of the detection of other rotaviruses, and in particular group D rotaviruses. In particular, there is a pressing need to develop a rapid and sensitive detection method for group D ARVs.


An improved mechanism for a semiautomatic submachine gun having a trigger, a spring box connected to the trigger, a ring connected to the trigger and moveable in a linear manner, a plate with a safety lever mounted thereon, a double-looped spring received by the plate, a retained lever providing a stop for the safety lever, a double-looped spring mounted on the bolt of the retained lever, a hammer corresponding to a cut-out formed in the retained lever, a spring clasped to the hammer to retain the hammer in a fixed position, and a carriage automatically moveable backwards after a cartridge has been fired.

Most semiautomatic submachine guns operate by pressing the trigger, which entails a large number of mechanical parts and gauged springs, and various types of safety devices or levers in order to operate the firearm semiautomatically.
In all cases the ammunition feed is done manually through a prebuilt magazine which is adapted to each type of firearm. Once the firearm is shot, the shells are first extracted by a mechanism which is adapted above the carriage or slipper of the firearm and then expelled by means of a plate when the carriage retracts.
It is understood that in case the firearm need be fired, it will have to be unprotected by the safety device or in the position desired for use. And sometimes when the owner accidentally drops the firearm it goes off due to the sensitive mechanism which it possesses. Since this activity is very risky, the safety device must be on.
This can be a very dangerous task for the owner because while he is searching for the device with his fingers, he is being distracted from the objective. Likewise, the task can be unsafe due to lost time that it entails.
To outweigh these inconveniences a semiautomatic submachine gun with a permanent safety device has been designed. Said device is disactivated when pressed by the long extensor of the hand, in order to consequently pull the trigger.
This safety device features a spring whose purpose is to bring back the safety device to its original position and it will only be disactivated when the firearm is used again. This task is simpler, easier and quicker in comparison with other types of safety devices found on conventional submachine guns. These have a positional safety device that can be moved with the thumb or any other finger.
On the other hand, the simplified mechanism is adapted to a closed-bolt. In other words, one where the carriage or slipper is located towards the front and ready for firing, which differs from the open-bolt type in which the carriage or slipper is located towards the back.
This observation is quite relevant as far as the precision of the firearm is concerned, because in different submachine guns the slipper moves forward and this causes a movement throughout the firearm, which in turn diminishes its precision. Whereas in this particular case the mechanism has been simplified. Since it features a closed-bolt and it has been designed to notably diminish the movement of the carriage or slipper, shooting at a target is done in a steady manner.

Mechanism for a semiautomatic submachine gun

Fuego 986, Colonia Jardines del Pedregal


A method for a data capturing and structuring includes determining at least one data capture mode for processing a non-electronic data record into an electronic data record and selecting a record owner having a plurality of existing data records to be associated with the electronic data record. The method also includes capturing the non-electronic data record into the electronic data record and collecting metadata from data associated with the record owner and the electronic data record and data generated during the capturing. Further, the method includes creating structured data records by combining the electronic data record and the metadata and exporting the structured data records.

The Internet and information technology make electronic data one of the most important aspects of running a business or even personal life. Data applications and systems are used in virtually all industries in many different ways. But the data generated by different applications and systems need to be managed, interpreted, and exchanged.
For example, healthcare organizations often utilize many different healthcare applications and systems to perform various services, both internal and external to the organizations. Much of the information collected by these applications and systems, such as data and documents, needs to be uploaded and shared among internal systems and external systems. However, the information collected often is unstructured.
Thus, a challenge currently faced by many healthcare organizations, despite their size, is that a large amount of unstructured contents generated on a daily basis are generally in native form and may be stagnant and unusable by the other applications. For example, unless a scanned document, a digital photo, or any electronic file, such as a PDF file, is uploaded and identified by a human, a healthcare application may be unable to identify what is in the file or who the file belongs to. Therefore, managing unstructured data in a healthcare organization is often expensive, time-consuming, and error-prone.
Another challenge faced by healthcare organizations is the difficulty to exchange unstructured files among healthcare organizations. As a result, oftentimes the files are printed and faxed to the recipients. This practice is not only time-consuming and expensive, but also leaves holes in the electronic patient record keeping, which may further cause security risks.
The disclosed methods and systems are directed to solve the problems set forth above and other problems.

Data capturing and structuring method and system


Login credit is monitored over a credit time period. Continuous invalid login attempts decrease the login credit for the duration of the credit time period. Login credit accumulates with time. If the login credit is less than a credit threshold, login processing is precluded. A common invalid login notification for presentation to a user is generated if login processing is precluded or if login processing indicates that the login credentials are invalid.

This disclosure relates to login security.
The prevalent use of on-line systems requires security measures to protect valuable information. One security measure is a user and password login in which a user provides login credentials, e.g., a user identifier, a password, and perhaps other information. Passwords, however, can be broken through brute-force attacks or modified forms of brute force attacks. The attacker forms tuples of the kind <u, p> where uεU is the set of user names and pεP is the set of passwords. To check whether <u, p> is valid, tuple permutations are provided by an agent, e.g., a software robot, during a brute force attack.
For a security system that is serving a large number of users, the rate of login processing is optimized by techniques such as password caches, multiple directory servers, etc. If R is the maximum achievable request rate, and N is the possible number of passwords, then the time required to break the passwords is N/R seconds or less. Assume the login processing time for one login is 1/R seconds. By increasing R, users get better login response. At the same time, the high value of R also increased the password breaking capability of the attacker.
Consider, for example, the problem of breaking a password of 5 characters over a 64 character password alphabet which gives a total password set (645=(26)5) of approximately 1 billion. Typically, R=220, yielding password breaking time of 230/220=210 seconds, which is about 17 minutes.
Defenses against such attacks include periodically resetting passwords, locking out accounts after a certain number of login failures, and using longer passwords. It is not practical to reset user passwords on a frequent basis, however. Likewise, locking out passwords does not necessarily provide a robust defense. Consider, for example, a user population of one million. The probability that a 5 symbol password belongs to one of the users is 220/230˜1/1000. The attacker can thus use a permuted password and test it across users without reaching the account lock limit.
Long passwords alone are likewise not an efficient protection scheme. By increasing the password length to 12 symbols (6412=272), for example, the password breaking time increases to 272/220=252 seconds, which is a long enough time to thwart password brute force attacks. However, remembering such long passwords is difficult for users, and enforcing this policy across many enterprises is likewise a difficult task.


A method of manipulating a living cell is disclosed. The method comprises, directing a pulsed optical field to at least one conductive nanoparticle present in the vicinity of the cell, so as to generate cavitations at or near the conductive nanoparticle at sufficient amount to effect at least one cell modification selected from the group consisting of cell-damage and cell-fusion.

The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to cell manipulation and, more particularly, but not exclusively, to light induced cell manipulation.
Cancer is a major cause of death in the modern world. Effective treatment of cancer is most readily accomplished following early detection of malignant tumors. Most techniques used to treat cancer (other than chemotherapy) are directed against a defined tumor site in an organ, such as brain, breast, ovary and colon tumors, etc. When a mass of abnormal cells is consolidated and is sufficiently large, either surgical removal, destruction of the tumor mass using either heating, cooling, radiative or chemical ablation becomes possible because the target is readily identifiable and localizable. However, it is not uncommon for a cancer that has initially occurred at a primary site to metastasize and spread into adjacent organs as diffuse clusters of abnormal cells. These small clusters of cells, which are more properly referred to as microscopic diffuse metastatic deposits, are not localizable and are virtually impossible to treat other than by systemic chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Yet, because of the diverse nature of cancer cells, only a portion of the metastatic abnormal cells will likely be susceptible to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, leaving abnormal cells that are resistant to the therapy to multiply until the patient dies from the concomitant effects of the malignant cells.
Recently, light and more specifically laser light has been used for non-invasive detection as well as destruction of malignant cells. Laser technology has found many applications in medicine and biology including destruction of cells or tissues, e.g., for the purpose of cancer treatment. Destruction of unwanted cells can be achieved either through a direct interaction between the laser beam and the tissue, or through activation of some photochemical reactions using light-activated molecules which are injected into or otherwise administered to the tissue.
Photo-dynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively new approach for treating many cancers. At the first step of treatment, one or more drugs that bind to rapidly dividing cells are administered either directly to a tissue or organ or systemically to the treated subject. The drugs administered for PDT are commonly known as photosensitizers due to their inherent ability to absorb photons of light and transfer that energy to oxygen which then converts to a cytotoxic or cytostatic species. Approximately 24-48 hours after the injection, a narrow-band laser is used to excite the photosensitive drug, inducing a chemical reaction which results in a production of free radicals and/or other reactive products that destroy the abnormal tissue or cell with relatively small damage to the surrounding healthy tissue.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,498,565 discloses a method of destroying living cells. An optical pulse having an optical field power smaller than the ionization threshold of the cells is generated. Conductive nanoparticles in the vicinity of the cells locally increase the optical field power per unit area beyond the ionization threshold of the cells, and the cells are destroyed via ionization.
In the areas of disease diagnosis and the treatment of infection and diseases, monoclonal antibodies have been heretofore been suggested. The living body of a mammal possesses humoral immunity which is a defense system for specifically capturing and eliminating exogenous antigens (e.g. viruses, bacterial toxins, and chemical substances), autoantigens (e.g. autoreactive lymphocytes; cancer cells and excessive endogenous factors (e.g. cytokines, hormones, or growth factors) which are detrimental for maintaining homeostasis in the living body and can become pathogenic causing or adding to the deterioration of various diseases. In this humoral immunity, the antibodies play a major role.
An antibody has a Y-shaped basic structure comprising four polypeptide chains—two long polypeptide chains (immunoglobulin heavy chains; IgH chains) and two short polypeptide chains (immunoglobulin light chains; IgL chains). The Y-shaped structure is made when the two IgH chains bridged by disulfide bonds are connected to each of the IgL chains through another disulfide bond.
Due to this function of capturing and eliminating antigens harmful to the living body, antibodies have been utilized as drugs. Polyclonal antibodies were the earliest forms of antibody drugs, where antiserum comprising various types of antibodies against a specific antigen, were used. The method for obtaining this antiserum, however was limited to collecting from sera, and therefore, the supply was inevitably limited. Moreover, it was extremely difficult to isolate a single type of antibody molecule comprising specificity to an antigen, from this antiserum.
The successful preparation of a monoclonal antibody by Kohler and Milstein in 1975 (Nature, Vol. 256, p. 495-497, 1975) led to the solution of these problems and opened the doors for monoclonal antibodies to be used as drugs since it became possible to generate an antibody to a specific antigen on demand. Typically, the production of human monoclonal antibodies requires the immortalization of human B-lymphocytes by fusion with a partner cell-line of a myeloid source. The results of these cell fusions are named "hybridomas" and possess the qualities of both parental cell-lines: the ability to grow continually, and the ability to produce pure antibody.
Numerous cell fusion techniques have been devised over the past decades. For example, U.S. Published Application No. 20100068794 discloses a technique in which isolated cells are received and electrically fused. This publication also discloses the use of laser tweezers for applying selectivity in carrying out the cell fusion manipulation. Additional cell fusion techniques are described, e.g., in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,806,476, 4,578,167, 4,529,694, 4,663,292, 7,402,409, 6,916,656 and 5,346,825, and in U.S. Published Application Nos. 20110045994 and 20100043882.

Method and system for manipulating a cell

Technion Research & Development Foundation Limited