A pig growth enhancer, which comprises, as an active ingredient, at least one compound selected from 5-aminolevulinic acid, a derivative thereof and a salt thereof, and a method for enhancing pig growth, which comprises administering the growth enhancer to a pig.

Pigs are useful domestic animals which are raised for edible meat, show quick growth and have high conversation rate of grains into meat. However, being quick in growth, they show symptoms such as physiologic anemia particularly at their early stage of growth, frequently causing inhibition of growth and onset of diseases. As a countermeasure, administration of drugs (iron preparations) and administration of various medicines for promoting nutrition are carried out but with no sufficient results. Particularly, injection of iron-dextran and oral administration of iron sulfate and iron fumarate are carried out for the purpose of improving physiologic anemia symptoms at the early stage of growth.
However, although administration of iron preparations has a certain effect in improving physiologic anemia and preventing the disease, it is not sufficient in terms of enhancing the growth. In addition, the oral administration of iron components has problems in that their absorption in the intestines is poor and they spoil taste of feed, and the injection, on the other hand, has problems in that it puts a stress on pigs and takes plenty of time in comparison with oral administration.
It is known that 5-aminolevulinic acids have a herbicide action (JP-A-61-502814, JP-A-4-9360), an insecticide action (JP-A-2-138201), a sensitizing action on photo-dynamic cancer therapy, a plant growth enhancing action (Japanese Patent No. 2,613,136) and the like, but their possibility of enhancing growth of pigs is not known.

Swine growth promoters and method of promoting swine growth


A package of sheet media includes a stack of individual sheets of media and a packaging wrap extending at least partially around the stack. An outer wrap at least partially covering the stack and the packaging wrap can optionally be used. A method of loading the package of sheet media on a printing system is also provided.

The present disclosure broadly relates to the art of packaging and, more particularly, to packaged sheet media and a method of loading the same on or into a printing system.
The terms "print", "printing" and "marking" as used herein are to be broadly interpreted to encompass any action or process involving the production or output of sheet media having text, images, graphics and/or other indicia formed thereon by any process, such as ink jet or electrophotographic processes, for example. The terms "printer" and "printing system" as used herein are to be broadly interpreted to encompass any device, apparatus or system that is loaded or otherwise utilizes one or more stacks of sheet media and is capable a "printing" action. Examples of such equipment and/or systems include, without limitation, desktop printers, network printers, standalone copiers, multi-function printer/copier/facsimile devices, and high-speed printing/publishing systems. Additionally, such sheet media can be of any type or kind, such as paper or polymeric film, for example. Furthermore, such exemplary embodiments of equipment and/or systems can output indicia on the sheet media using any printing or marking substance, such as ink, toner or colorant, for example, in monochrome (e.g., black) or one or more colors, or any combination thereof.
Printing systems are well known and commonly available in a wide variety of types, kinds and configurations. Volumes of paper and other media are processed each day using such printing systems, generally with minimal problems and/or difficulties. However, discontinuities in performance and operation do occur in these printing systems and such occurrences are sometimes attributed to jams caused by misfeeds or multi-feeds of the sheet media being used, such as paper, polymeric transparencies or other media.
Significant efforts have been directed to improving media transport pathways and components, and considerable improvements have been achieved. It seems, however, that less attention has been paid heretofore to improving the condition of the media itself, and particularly the state of the media at the time of loading into a component of the printing system, such as a media supply tray.
As an example, adhesion between adjacent sheets of media can often occur as a result of manufacturing and/or packaging processes. This condition is sometimes referred to as "edge weld", and it can cause multiple sheets of media to be simultaneously drawn into and/or fed along the media pathway. This is undesirable and occasionally results in the printing system undergoing an operational discontinuity. To minimize the difficulties encountered due to edge weld and/or other undesirable conditions, instructions and training are often provided that include techniques for preparing and loading sheet media into a printing system. Such techniques, however, may not be performed correctly or, in some cases, may not be performed at all. As such, the undesirable conditions of the sheet media discussed above often remain present and result in performance discontinuities which are desirable to avoid.
Another issue associated with the loading of sheet media into a component of a printing system, such as a media supply tray, is the physical challenge of fitting the stack of sheet media into the tray. For sheets of media to be correctly and consistently drawn into and fed along the media pathways of the printing system, it is desirable for the supply of sheet media to be captured within the tray or other supply component. This assists in maintaining a consistent orientation of the media within the tray for uniform presentation of the sheets of media to the feeding mechanism. As such, the tray and/or component parts thereof are normally adjusted to closely fit around the sheet media stored therein. Unfortunately, this arrangement often makes the proper loading a stack of sheet media into the tray a challenging task.
Due to the difficulties of loading an entire stack of media into the supply tray at one time, others techniques are attempted by users and/or operators of printing systems. For example, in one such technique a stack of sheet media is divided into smaller portions, which are then individually loaded into the supply tray. While these portions are usually somewhat more manageable to physically handle, the resulting load of sheet media will normally consist of multiple small portions that are often not uniformly stacked and may have considerable variability in orientation and/or presentation to the feeding mechanism. As a result, misfeeds, multi-feeds and other conditions can occur and result in performance discontinuities.
The embodiments of packaged sheet media and method of using the same of the present disclosure have been developed to overcome these and other problems and disadvantages.

Packaged sheet media and method of using same


An outboard motor has an air intake manifold with a plurality of intake runners and a surge tank. The runners extend from combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine to the surge tank. The air intake manifold is positioned next to one side of the internal combustion engine. An idle regulating valve supplies secondary air from the atmosphere to the air intake manifold. Secondary air flows into the idle regulating valve through an air intake port. The secondary air flows out of an air supply port of the idle regulating valve into the surge tank. The idle regulating valve is located in a space between the internal combustion engine and the air intake manifold, The air supply port of the idle regulating valve opens directly into the surge tank.

1. Field of the Invention
The present application generally relates to outboard motors, and more particularly to outboard motors with idle regulating valves for providing secondary air to an internal combustion engine of the outboard motor.
2. Description of the Related Art
Watercraft vehicles, such as boats, are often powered by an outboard motor having an internal combustion engine. The outboard motor may have an air intake system for controlling the amount of air delivered to the internal combustion engine. Japanese Patent Application HEI 2001-152895 discloses an outboard motor having a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine and an air intake manifold for delivering atmospheric air into the internal combustion engine. A throttle valve controls an opening of an intake passage in the air intake manifold thereby controlling the amount of primary air delivered into the engine's combustion chambers. An idle regulating system can supply secondary air to the engine via the intake passage to prevent stalling. The regulating system receives atmospheric air and then delivers the atmospheric air as secondary air through a bypass tube of the regulating system and into the intake passage of the air intake manifold.
A fuel injection system and the air intake manifold cooperate to control the air/fuel mixture delivered to combustion chambers. A throttle valve can be used to control the amount of air delivered to the internal combustion engine through the intake passage, and a fuel injection valve of the fuel injection system can control the amount of fuel supplied to the engine chambers. By controlling the amount of air and fuel delivered to the engine, a desired driving state (e.g., low engine speeds, high engine speeds, etc.) can be achieved.
When the watercraft is moving, the throttle valve of the outboard motor can be quickly closed in order to decelerate the watercraft. That is, the throttle valve can be closed to reduce the amount of secondary air delivered to the internal combustion engine, thereby reducing the engine speed and the outboard motor's power output. When the internal combustion engine speed is rapidly decelerated in this manner, the required amount of intake air to operate the engine is reduced. Nevertheless, conventional engines may deliver an insufficient amount of secondary air through the intake system to the internal combustion engine when the throttle valve is quickly closed and, thus, may result in stalling, for example.
When the throttle valve is quickly closed, a negative pressure in a surge tank of the engine may be significantly increased. Conventional engines may have a sensor to detect a negative pressure in the surge tank. When a relatively large, rapid increase of negative pressure is detected in the surge tank, the regulating valve can be opened to allow secondary air to flow into the surge tank to reduce the negative pressure. The secondary air is often delivered through the regulating valve, the bypass tube, and to the internal combustion engine. In this manner, when the throttle valve is rapidly closed, secondary air is delivered to the internal combustion engine to maintain operation of the engine. Thus, the secondary air delivered to the engine can prevent unintentional engine stalling. Unfortunately, conventional engines typically have regulating valves that undesirably increase the overall engine size. For example, conventional outboard motors may have idle regulating valves that are positioned above an internal combustion engine and an air intake manifold. Thus, the idle regulating valve increases the overall engine size. Additionally, a conventional outboard motor may have a complicated design with many parts, such as an idle regulating system comprising an idle regulating valve and an intake bypass tube, which provides communication between the intake passage in the air intake manifold and the idle regulating valve.


It is intended to accurately calculate the distance between a movable body and a subject on the basis of various quantities of state, such as the azimuth angle between the movable body and the subject, velocity, and yaw rate. A calculation device includes a unit for calculating the azimuth angle between movable body and a subject, a unit for calculating the distance traveled by the movable body between two points of time, a unit for calculating a change in angle in the direction of movement, and a unit for calculating the linear distance from the movable body to the subject by using the unit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a distance calculation system between a movable body and a fixed subject, and more specifically to, for example, a distance calculation device and a calculation program for calculating the correct distance between a traveling vehicle on a road and a subject based on the amount of status of a vehicle such as the elevation angle between a traveling vehicle and a subject, an azimuth angle, the velocity and the yaw rate of a vehicle, etc.
2. Description of the Related Art
The car navigation technology of guiding a driver depending on the current position of a vehicle and the destination has made much progress and has become widespread by detecting the position of a vehicle using a map database and a GPS (global positioning system). In this system, based on the information about the latitude and the longitude obtained by the GPS, the position of the pertinent vehicle is superposed and displayed on the map, and the distance to a crossing, etc. is calculated.
An example of the above-mentioned conventional technology is disclosed by the following patent document.
Patent Document
Japanese Patent No. 3381312 (P3381312) "Navigation Apparatus"
This patent document discloses the technology of recognizing a subject whose position can be designated according to map information, calculating the distance between the subject and the pertinent vehicle based on the running distance of the vehicle between two points of time, and the elevation angle from each point to the same subject, and correcting the position of the pertinent vehicle.
However, in this conventional technology, only the linear distance to a traffic signal can be calculated, and there is the problem that an error occurs when the distance is calculated on the practical traveled distance on the road which is often a curved road and there is no traffic signal in the traveling direction of the pertinent vehicle.

Distance calculation device and calculation program


A light power spectrum is accurately measured, in spite of the polarized light-dependency of the non-polarizing beam splitter 12. Incident light 11 is separated by a polarizing/separating element 31 into orthogonal polarized light components 11a and 11b. The orthogonal polarized light components have their polarizing directions rotated by 45 degrees in opposite directions with respect to their P wave components and S wave components at the reflecting/transmitting face of the non-polarizing beam splitter. The reflected and transmitted from the non-polarizing beam splitter 12 are reflected by a stationary reflector 16 and a moving reflector 17 back to the non-polarizing beam splitter 12 and are recombined to interfere with each other at the reflecting/transmitting face of the non-polarizing beam splitter. The resulting interference lights are received by a common light-receiver.

The measurement of a light power spectrum using a prior art Michelson interferometer will be described with reference to FIG. 1. Incident light 11 to be measured enters a non-polarizing beam splitter 12 where it is divided into reflected light 14 and transmitted light 15 at the reflecting/transmitting face 13 of the non-polarizing beam splitter 12 angled at 45 degrees to the incident radiation direction. The reflected light 14 and transmitted light 15 are directed at a stationary reflector 16 and a moving reflector 17, respectively. The two light beams 18 and 19 reflected from the stationary and moving reflectors 16, 17 enter the reflecting/transmitting face 13 of the non-polarizing beam splitter where they are recombined to interfere with each other, and the resulting interference light rays emerge therefrom as light beams 21 and 22 orthogonal to each other.
The stationary reflector 16 is fixed in position, so that the length L.sub.1 of the optical path is invariable along which the light travels as it is reflected from the non-polarizing beam splitter 12 and further reflected by the stationary reflector 16 back into the non-polarizing beam splitter 12. On the other hand, the moving reflector 17 is moved back and forth by a drive means, not shown, so that the length L.sub.2 of the optical path is continuously variable along which the light transmitted through the non-polarizing beam splitter 12 travels as it is reflected by the stationary reflector 16 back into the non-polarizing beam splitter 12.
One 21 of the interference rays is introduced into a light receiver 23 where it is converted into an electric signal which is in turn passed to a high-pass filter 24 from which a DC (direct current) component is extracted corresponding to a change in intensity of the interference light 21 that occurs as the moving reflector 17 is moved. The resulting DC signal is converted by an A/D converter 25 to a digital signal which may be fast-Fourier transformed at a Fourier transform processor 26. A power spectrum of the incident ray being measured corresponding to the wavelength obtained through the transformation is thus displayed at a display 27.
Incidentally, the non-polarizing beam splitter 12 has so-called polarized light-dependency in that the reflectivity (or transmittance) thereof varies depending upon the polarization state of the incident light 11. This polarized light-dependency poses the problem that incident ray 11 having different polarization states will vary in the level of power spectrum measured even if they have the same power. This will be further discussed below. Let it be that the amplitude and wavelength of the incident light 11 are E.sub.0 and .lambda., respectively; the wave number is k=2.pi./.lambda.; the amplitude reflectivity and the amplitude transmittance of the non-polarizing beam splitter 12 for P polarized light are R.sub.P.sup.1/2 and T.sub.P.sup.1/2, respectively; and the amplitude reflectivity and the amplitude transmittance of the non-polarizing beam splitter 12 for S polarized light are R.sub.s.sup.1/2 and T.sub.s.sup.1/2, respectively, and that the amplitude of the P polarized light component is E.sub.op and the amplitude of the S polarized light component is E.sub.os. Then, the intensity (power) E.sub.o.sup.2 of the incident light 11 is given in the following equation: EQU E.sub.o.sup.2 =E.sub.op.sup.2 +E.sub.os.sup.2 ( 1)
The amplitude E.sub.1p of the P polarized light component out of the interference light 21 entering the light receiver 23 is expressed by the following equation: EQU E.sub.1p =E.sub.op R.sub.p.sup.1/2 (exp (-ikL.sub.1)+exp (-ikL.sub.2))(2)
Similarly, the amplitude E.sub.1s of the S polarized light component out of the interference light 21 is expressed by the following equation: EQU E.sub.1s =E.sub.os R.sub.s.sup.1/2 T.sub.s.sup.1/2 (exp (-ikL.sub.1)+exp (-ikL.sub.2)) (3)
From the equations (2) and (3), there are obtained the following equations (4) and (5) for the powers I.sub.1p and I.sub.1s of the P and S polarized light components, respectively out of the interference light 21: EQU I.sub.1p =.vertline.E.sub.1p .vertline..sup.2 =2(E.sub.op).sup.2 R.sub.p T.sub.p {1+cos (kn(L.sub.1 -L.sub.2))} (4) EQU I.sub.1s =.vertline.E.sub.1s .vertline..sup.2 =2(E.sub.os).sup.2 R.sub.s T.sub.s {1+cos (kn(L.sub.1 -L.sub.2))} (5)
The power (intensity) I.sub.1 of the interference light 21 is: EQU I.sub.1 =I.sub.1P +I.sub.1s ( 6)
It can be seen from the equations (4) and (5) that I.sub.1p and I.sub.1s will vary depending on the polarization state. Specifically, even though the intensity of the incident light 11 is of the same magnitude, R.sub.p T.sub.p in the equation (4) and R.sub.s T.sub.s in the equation (5) are parameters which are variable depending on the polarization state, so that there may be many cases where R.sub.p T.sub.p .noteq.R.sub.s T.sub.s. Consequently, the level of the electric signal output of the light-receiver 23 varies depending on the polarization state. Such variation in electric signal level can be as great as about 3 dB, depending on the polarization characteristics of the non-polarizing beam splitter 12. This can detract from the accurate measurement when the polarization states are indefinite or when the measurement is carried out while changing the polarization states.
Here, in order to indicate the polarization states, assuming that the proportion of the S polarized light component is M whereas that of the P polarized light component is (1-M), the light intensity of the S polarized light component of the incident ray 11 will be E.sub.os.sup.2 =ME.sub.o.sup.2 while the light intensity of the P polarized light component will be E.sub.op .sup.2 =(1-M) E.sub.o.sup.2. Substituting these terms into the equations (4), (5) and (6) provides the following equations (7), (8) and (9), respectively: ##EQU1##
In the equation (9) the factor which is dependent on the polarized light is expressed as S (M) in the right side to simplify the expression with S (M) representing the term shown in the equation (10). It is because of this polarized light-dependent factor S (M) that the output level of the light-receiver 23 varies.
As discussed above, if there are changes in the polarization state of the incident light, the conventional Michelson interferometer may be incapable of accurately measuring the light power spectrum due to the polarized light-dependent factor S (M), resulting in errors in measurements. This imposes a limitation on the use in measuring an incident ray the polarization state of which varies, undesirably leading to inconvenience in practical use.
Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide a Michelson interferometer capable of accurately measuring a light power spectrum at all times regardless of the polarization state of the incident ray.

Michelson interferometer including a non-polarizing beam splitter


The heat cycle system of the present invention is a heat cycle system which employs a working fluid containing trifluoroethylene, comprising a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator, and further having a circulation flow path and a fragile part. The circulation flow path connects the compressor, the condenser, the expansion valve and the evaporator and circulates the working fluid. The fragile part is provided in the circulation flow path or to the condenser and has a pressure resistance strength lower than the pressure resistance strength of the circulation flow path and the condenser.

Heretofore, as a working fluid for a heat cycle system such as a latent heat transport apparatus such as a heat pipe, a refrigerator or an air-conditioning apparatus, a hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) having a carbon-carbon double bond has been expected. A HFO is a working fluid having less influence over the ozone layer and having less influence over global warming, since a carbon-carbon double bond is likely to be decomposed by OH radicals in the air.
As a working fluid using a HFO, for example, one using trifluoroethylene has been known. For the purpose of improving nonflammability and cycle performance, it has been attempted to use a working fluid comprising trifluoroethylene and a hydrofluorocarbon by OH radicals in the air.
Further, trifluoroethylene is known to undergo self-decomposition with an ignition source at high temperature or under high pressure, when used alone. Therefore, countermeasures have been taken such that trifluoroethylene is mixed with another component such as vinylidene fluoride to form a mixture having a lowered content of trifluoroethylene.


The present invention relates to a method for providing a location based appointment service for arranging meeting co-ordinates between a plurality of subscribers using a wireless device; determining the location of the wireless device and navigation information to the meeting co-ordinates; and providing the navigation information by the wireless device, in order to guide a subscriber to adhere to the meeting co-ordinates, and aligning the navigation information with the navigation information of another subscriber of said plurality of subscribers in order to guide the subscriber and the another subscriber commonly on approximating routes. The invention further relates to a computer software product, a server, a telecommunication service, and a mobile telecommunication device therefor.

Mobiles and (portable) organizers are well known. Technically these devices are hand-held microcomputers that perform specific tasks. They can be used as an electronic diary or alarm clock or recorder of memos or a portable database etc. There are already devices available that provide a user navigation service, i.e. the device acts as a locator and provides assistance in finding (fixed defined) locations like addresses etc.
In order to provide such services the device comprises means for providing the service, e.g. firm ware or software, operating systems; or the device involves a telecommunication service, that is a remote means, e.g. a software running on a server or any other kind of network resource, e.g. a mobile agent or a programming update of the mobile device providing the necessary capabilities through a network.
An appointment is considered as a meeting arranged in advance, i.e. meeting place, time, participants, duration, etc.
U.S. patent application Publication No. 2003/0027558 discloses a method for executing a service for organization of meetings for participants in a communications network, and a service computer and program module for this. This method comprises the steps of storage of an invitation to a meeting transmitted from a terminal device of an inviting participant, specifying the location, time, and a participant identifier, in particular a call number or a network address, of one or more invited participants, receiving of location information about an invited participant, determination of a travel route from the location of the invited participant to the meeting place, and estimation of the travel time required by this participant, calculation of a time, allowing for the estimated travel time, at which the invited participant must begin his journey, and sending of information, in particular a message containing travel details and a recommended starting time for the journey, to a terminal device of the invited participant at least once by this time, along with a service computer and program module for this.
One disadvantage of the method referred to is that the appointment, hereinafter more generally called the meeting coordinates, will slightly change due to unexpected events and that the check point, i.e. the meeting location, is an area rather than an exact point.
The current invention focuses on the problem of fuzzy appointment information such that participants (or subscribers) will adhere fluctuating meeting co-ordinates.
This problem is solved by a method for providing a location based appointment service, the method comprising the steps of                arranging meeting co-ordinates between a plurality of subscribers using a wireless device;        determining the location of the wireless device and navigation information to the meeting co-ordinates;        providing the navigation information by the wireless device, in order to guide a subscriber to adhere to the meeting co-ordinates; and        aligning the navigation information with the navigation information of other subscribers of said plurality of subscribers in order to guide the subscribers commonly on approximating routes.
And, preferably, thereby rendering fuzzy floating parts that are aligned by dynamically updated navigation information on the way. The problem is solved inter alia by a computer software product, a server, a telecommunication service, and a mobile telecommunication device.
Thus, by combination of a navigation system, a localisation and information interchange, the invention provides a method which eliminates the need to make several mobile calls to arrange a check point. And the invention provides a virtual private checkpoint with relative navigation information.

Method for providing a location-based appointment service


In an embodiment, a method includes processing magnetic resonance (MR) data according to a process including applying a density filter to blades of k-space data rotated about a section of k-space. Each blade may include a first set of encode lines weighted in a first signal weighting and a second set of encode lines weighted in a second signal weighting. The density filter may be configured to preferentially weight each blade in the first signal weighting to produce blades of weighted k-space data.

In general, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations are based on the interactions among a primary magnetic field, a radiofrequency (RF) magnetic field, and time varying magnetic gradient fields with gyromagnetic material having nuclear spins within a subject of interest, such as a patient. Certain gyromagnetic materials, such as hydrogen nuclei in water molecules, have characteristic behaviors in response to external magnetic fields. The precession of spins of these nuclei can be influenced by manipulation of the fields to produce RF signals that can be detected, processed, and used to reconstruct a useful image.
The magnetic fields used to generate images in MRI systems include a highly uniform, static magnetic field that is produced by a primary magnet. A series of gradient fields are produced by a set of gradient coils located around the subject. The gradient fields encode positions of individual plane or volume elements (pixels or voxels) in two or three dimensions. An RF coil is employed to produce an RF magnetic field. This RF magnetic field perturbs the spins of some of the gyromagnetic nuclei from their equilibrium directions, causing the spins to precess around the axis of their equilibrium magnetization. During this precession, RF fields are emitted by the spinning, precessing nuclei and are detected by either the same transmitting RF coil, or by a separate coil. These signals are amplified, filtered, and digitized. The digitized signals are then processed using one or more algorithms to reconstruct a useful image.
Techniques have been developed to perform MRI imaging sequences to correct for patient motion, such as to avoid long breath holds required of patients and to correct for voluntary/involuntary patient/tissue movement. However, current techniques for such correction are often inadequate or subject to further improvement. For example, some techniques for motion correction may not enable certain types of imaging, such as T1-weighed MR imaging, to be performed. Accordingly, it is now recognized that a need exists for improved methods for data acquisition and reconstruction in magnetic resonance imaging techniques that are able to correct for patient motion.

Intra-blade filter for motion corrected magnetic resonance data


A method manages transfer of multiple destination packets received at edge devices on a connection oriented network, providing LAN emulation, where the connection oriented network provides emulation of one or more variant network protocols for systems coupled to the edge devices. The method includes maintaining status information for each port on edge devices on the connection oriented network, which provides an indication of network protocols not in use by systems accessible through the respective ports. Multiple destination packets received at an incoming port on an edge device are sent via the connection oriented network to a server on the connection oriented network. At the server, the network protocol for which the multiple destination packet is intended is determined. The server transmits via the connection oriented network the multiple destination packet to ports of edge devices, other than the incoming port, and other than ports for which the status information indicates that the determined network protocol is not in use by systems accessible through the port. The status information is learned at the edge devices based on activity on the respective ports, and reported by the edge device to the server.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to protocols for interconnecting networks using connection oriented protocols, such as asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), with networks using connectionless protocols, such as Ethernet or Token Ring; and more particularly to improving performance of such systems for multicast and broadcast messages.
2. Description of Related Art
ATM is an emerging network standard based on a connection oriented network protocol. In order to transmit data between users of the ATM network, a connection is first set up between the users, and then a point to point transmission of the data is accomplished from the source through an ATM switch to the destination. When ATM switches are used to provide data connectivity for personal computers and other network devices, a number of problems occur when running networking software such as Novell IPX, TCP/IP or Xerox XNS protocols existing on the installed network PCs and servers. These network layer protocols are designed to run on a connectionless type local area network, such as Ethernet, Token Ring, or FDDI networks where the packets are placed on the network fabric and heard by all other end stations on the LAN. To provide connectivity among these network types, vendors of ATM equipment have agreed upon a set of conventions and standards called LAN emulation. A standards body which manages the ATM specification, called ATM Forum, has published a document entitled LAN Emulation Over ATM Specification--Version 1.0, which is incorporated by reference herein.
One primary problem that LAN emulation addresses is that most network software, based on network layer protocols, such as Netware IPX, Xerox XNS, TCP/IP, AppleTalk, and OSI, uses an end to end path, medium access control (MAC) address identification technique based on broadcast or multicast packets. When an end station A wants to communicate with another end station B, the first end station A issues a multicast packet to the network which is heard by all other end stations in the same multicast domain. Based on some higher layer information in the packet, such as user name or server name, the end station B recognizes that it is the one that should respond and does so with a unicast packet to the original end station A. This works effectively in Ethernet, Token Ring, and FDDI networks, where packets are placed on a network fabric and are heard by all other end stations. This is analogous to a person, Sarah, in an open room fill of other people yelling out "This is Sarah, is Joe here?", and having Joe hear that call and answer back, "Yes, Sarah, I'm here." Then the conversation can occur between the two at that point.
However, an ATM environment does not work in the same fashion. In this environment, packets are sent only to a single destination at the MAC layer. No other device in the network has access to the data except the recipient. The originator of the data packet, end station A, must know the ATM path address of the recipient end station B, prior to sending the packet. This is analogous to a person, Sarah, being in a closed room with a phone and wanting to talk to Joe. Sarah must know Joe's phone number and dial it to talk to Joe. The problem with this connection oriented method is that in most existing network environments, the installed end stations are running software which is not capable of knowing the address in advance of each other end station it might want to communicate with. The LAN emulation standard published by the ATM Forum addresses this problem by providing a higher layer set of services that emulate the behavior of a shared medium local area network, such as Ethernet. These services include a LAN emulation configuration server (LECS), a LAN emulation server (LES), and a broadcast and unknown server (BUS). The LECS contains a list of all the ports on the edge devices (network intermediate system devices that connect end systems or non-ATM intermediate system devices to the ATM network fabric) on the network. For each port on each edge device, the LECS identifies the multicast domain (also referred to as a virtual LAN), of which devices connected to that port are members. In addition, it identifies the LES and BUS servers that might be used for each port on the edge device. When an edge device is initialized or reset, it queries the LECS for this information.
The LAN emulation server LES is used by the edge device connecting a particular end station to the ATM network. When it is initialized, the edge device queries the LECS to find out which LES to connect to, and then whenever it gets a unicast packet from the end station, the edge device queries the LES to find out the ATM path address of the destination in the system. That address is then used to route the packet through the ATM switches.
The broadcast and unknown server BUS is used when an edge device receives a broadcast or a multicast packet from an end station, or when it receives a packet with a destination address that is not identified by the LES. When such a packet is received, the edge device sends the packet to the BUS. The BUS then identifies all other end stations which are configured as part of the same multicast domain, and sends the packet to all end systems that are part of the same multicast domain. Using the same analogy as above, Sarah calls BUS, saying she wants to talk to Joe in Santa Clara, Calif., and then BUS dials every phone number in Santa Clara leaving a message that Sarah wants to talk to Joe, and leaving her phone number. Joe, along with everyone else, gets the message, and then calls Sarah back and has a conversation with her.
The approach to broadcast and multicast messages adopted by the LAN emulation standard for ATM helps in forwarding multicast messages to all stations, and relies upon filtering at the end stations as is done in existing LANs. However, a relatively large number of end stations do not need to receive the broadcast or multicast messages. Particularly, some end stations within a single multicast domain may not be using the same network level software, which generated the multicast message. Thus, it is desirable to provide a service which can intercept these messages, and forward them directly to their destination, instead of broadcasting them to every station.

Protocol for optimized multicast services for a connection oriented network providing lan emulation


Method for sorting, in place, objects in an array of sequentially addressed locations into two partitions, the first partition containing all of the even addressed objects and the second partition containing all of the odd addressed objects. In accordance with the method, an array containing a number of elements equaling an even power of two is split into two partitions, the first partition containing the contents of the first half of the locations and the second partition containing the contents of the second half of the locations. Then, the odd addressed locations in the first partition are exchanged with the even addressed locations in the second partition. Then, if a partition only contains two elements, the partition has been sorted, however, if there are more than two elements in the partition, control is transferred to the beginning recursively so that, now, the partition is treated as the array.

In translating relocatable object code into an absolute addressed ROM image, there is a need, in certain applications, to split the object code image into even addressed and odd addressed locations. One application where this need arises is when an object code image which is produced in a 16 bit machine must be split into two partitions for the purpose of programming pairs of 8 bit PROM devices, one device at a time.
In solving the above-described need, in large arrays, there are instances where large additional amounts of storage are not available for the purpose of splitting the array. Therefore, there is a need in the art for a method for sorting, in place, objects in an array of sequentially addressed locations into two partitions, the first partition containing all of the even addressed objects and the second partition containing all of the odd addressed objects.

Method for sorting objects in a sequentially addressed array


A wheel loader includes an engine, a selective catalyst reduction device, a cab, a ladder, a reducing agent tank, and an injection device. The selective catalyst reduction device is configured to treat exhaust gas from the engine. The cab is provided with a driver seat therein. The ladder is configured for ascending to and descending from the cab and provided on a lateral side of the cab. The reducing agent tank is disposed behind the ladder and adapted to store a reducing agent. The injection device is configured to inject the reducing agent from the reducing agent tank into exhaust gas fed from the engine toward the selective catalyst reduction device.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a wheel loader.
2. Background Information
Generally a diesel engine is used as the engine for a wheel loader. The diesel engine produces nitrogen oxide since the inside of the combustion chamber has an excessive amount of nitrogen, and thus the exhaust gas includes nitrogen oxides. A hydraulic excavator, for example, described in Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 2012-237232 includes a selective catalyst reduction device, an injection device, and a reducing agent tank for removing the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas. The reducing agent tank contains a reducing agent such as a urea aqueous solution, and the injection device injects the reducing agent into the exhaust gas upstream from the selective catalyst reduction device. As a result, the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas exhausted from the engine are reduced to nitrogen.


A semiconductor package of the present invention includes a paddle layer having a metal wiring pattern formed therein, semiconductor chips bonded on at least one surface of the paddle layer. A plurality of wires electrically connecting a plurality of chip pads formed on the semiconductor chips with the paddle layer. Each lead includes a first lead bonded to a surface of the paddle layer and a second lead which is at least partially exposed. A conductive adhesive bonds the paddle layer to the first leads and a molding resin comprises the body of the package. The semiconductor package of the above construction has various advantages compared to conventional packages. The occupying area rate can be minimized, and an undesired curving of the lead can be prevented. Further, since the semiconductor chip can be bonded on both surfaces of the paddle layer, an integrated semiconductor package can be achieved.

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a construction of a SOJ (small outline J-lead) semiconductor package where the external lead has a shape of "J". The conventional semiconductor package includes a semiconductor chip 1 bonded on a paddle 2 by an adhesive 7 and a lead structure having a plurality of internal leads 3 wire-bonded to the semiconductor chip 1 and external leads extending from the internal leads 3. A plurality of metal wires 5 electrically connects the chip 1 and the internal leads 3 of the lead structure, and a molding resin 6 forms the body of the semiconductor package by sealing a predetermined area including the semiconductor chip and the internal leads 3.
When the conventional semiconductor is mounted on the substrate, the occupying area of a package becomes larger due to the external leads protruding from the sides of the semiconductor package body. The occupying area rate becomes higher; the mounting rate is lowered; and an external lead is undesirably curved. Further, since only one chip can be mounted in one package, a multi-chip package is difficult to achieve and a center pad-type semiconductor chip is difficult to package.


A one-piece clip for attaching thermostats to pipes has a peripheral wall that is circumferentially interrupted to define adjacent end portions that are reversely bent into cooperative hooks. The clip has a top portion attachable to a thermostat and an opposite bottom portion that is positionable on the opposite side of a pipe from the thermostat. The clip is resiliently deformable to move the hooks into interengaged relationship and the clip then holds the thermostat against the pipe.

This application relates to the art of clips and, more particularly, to clips used for attaching or mounting one article to another. The invention is particularly applicable to clips used for attaching thermostats to pipes and will be described with specific reference thereto. However, it will be appreciated that the invention has broader aspects and can be used for other purposes.
Thermostats are commonly attached to coils of heat exchangers for sensing the temperature thereof. Clips used to attach the thermostat to a heat exchanger coil are often difficult to assemble, particularly in blind or one-handed installations. Many clips of this type are easily dislodged or are not suitable for attaching thermostats to reversely curved exposed end coils of heat exchangers.
It would be desirable to have a secure and easily installed clip that would also be capable of attaching thermostats to exposed reversely curved end coils of heat exchangers.


A method of determining that a client is likely engaged in the sending of spam emails via a network node. The method comprises, at the network node, defining a message size threshold and a message sending rate threshold, detecting the opening of Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, SMTP connections between a client device and an email server, identifying messages sent from the client over the SMTP connections which exceed said message size threshold and counting the identified messages to determine a client email message sending rate. The method further comprises making an assumption that the client is engaged in the sending of spam emails if the client message sending rate exceeds said message sending rate threshold.

A consumer VPN service is an Internet access service that can provide privacy and anonymity to its users. Typically a given user will install the VPN client on all of his devices allowing secure and private communication to the public Internet over an untrusted local network, such as a free WiFi network at a public location. VPN traffic passes through a VPN gateway which can be a router, server, firewall or similar device with internetworking and data transmission capabilities, and is configured to pass, block or route VPN traffic. A user device with a VPN client may also access the Internet via the VPN gateway to hide its identity and/or location.
As is the case with Internet Service Provider (ISP) environments, some percentage of VPN user devices may have malware on their systems which may send out spam emails. VPNs with a free trial period may in particular have a considerable percentage of user devices that are intentionally fraudulent and which use the VPN for sending out spam, performing portscans, and otherwise disturbing the peace of the Internet.
When spam emails are sent out, reports of the received spam are forwarded to the current users of the IP addresses used to send the spam. The upstream network provider usually requires the originator to cease the spamming activity in a timely manner.
Spam blocking lists, such as Spamhaus™, may blacklist certain IP addresses, and the network and hosting providers may require spamming issues to be resolved in a way such that the IP address is no longer listed.
VPNs that provide a privacy and anonymity service may not maintain log files of outgoing connections made by the VPN clients. Therefore, when a spam complaint comes in, it is difficult to determine which client sent out the particular spam.
Even in a normal ISP network environment, with or without a VPN being involved, there may be a need to identify a client from which spam is originating. It would be preferable to be able to detect which of these devices is originating the spam, block the individual device from the network and instruct the customer to remove malware from that device.
To reduce spam, a VPN or an ISP can block connections to the normal unsecured SMTP TCP port 25, in line with Best Current Practices (such as FICORA recommendation 312A). Clients can still send emails using the standard SMTP SUBMISSION port, TCP 587 (RFC 4409, BCP 134), or the de-facto TLS-over-SMTP submission port 465 (see RFC 8314 section 7.3). On port 587, the STARTTLS (RFC 3207) mechanism is usually used to upgrade a plaintext SMTP TCP connection to a TLS connection after an initial plaintext handshake. Port 465 implicitly starts with TLS and then proceeds with an SMTP handshake within TLS encryption, much like HTTPS on port 443 does.
All email service providers (e.g. Gmail™ and ISPs providing email services) provide their users with a way to send outbound emails on one or both of these ports (587 and 465) after authenticating themselves (username and password within the TLS encrypted session, or OAuth). Even after such authentication, a lot of spam may still be sent over these ports. On the one hand, a malicious customer may purchase email relay services from mass mailing providers whilst, on the other, malware on a user device may use the customer's cached email credentials to send spam via the customer's ISP using the SUBMISSION port.
In an unsecured environment, one might consider counting emails sent by a given client device and defining some threshold for a given time period (e.g. 100 emails per day) which, if exceeded, is taken as an indication of spam. However, the widespread use of TLS prevents this, as a gateway is unable to distinguish individual emails from within the mass of SMTP message traffic: multiple emails may be sent over a single SMTP connection. Deep inspection of SMTP messages would also be a privacy concern. Whilst an option might be to simply block (all) the submission ports, that would prevent the customer from sending emails.


An electrically-driven downhole coring method and apparatus which is powered by and conveyed to and from the bottom of the corehole by means of a heavy-duty electromechanical cable. The downhole core-sampling apparatus is equipped with a combination reamer, stabilizer, and external-reforcing component which also functions as an external axial-thrust weight, drilling-fluid circulation pump, and helical inertial-displacement elevator or excavated rock particles. During the high-speed rotation of the core-sampling apparatus by the downhole electric motor, drilling fluid with its load of excavated rock particles is displaced upward from the bottom of the corehole into the interior of a combination centrifuge/storage-chamber component where the excavated rock particles are separated from the lower-density drilling fluid and the clarified drilling fluid is circulated downward along a decreasing pressure gradient to the core bit, thus completing its circulation loop. When the downhole apparatus is filled to capacity it is hoisted to the surface with it load of cored rock and excavated rock particles by a heavy-duty electromechanical cable. An expansible contractible and remotely-controlled wheeled-reactive-torque suppressor positioned near the top of the downhole apparatus prevents any reactive-torque-induced rotation of the apparatus and allows the latter to descend downward in an unimpeded manner as the coring operation progresses downward.

Lightweight narrow-kerf high-speed core-sampling systems such as those employed by the mining industry have a tendency while progressing through rock formations to deviate considerable from the vertical. Consequently, deviation of the corehole trajectory from the vertical often becomes excessive, thus necessitating costly remedial measures directed at reducing the corehole deviation to within acceptable limits.
In my U.S. Pat. No. 4,679,636, Method and Apparatus for Coring Rock, is described and illustrated a low-cost lightweight narrow-kerf variable-speed reversible electrically-driven downhole core-sampling system, one variation of which features conveyance of a downhole core-sampling apparatus to and from the bottom of the corehole by means of an electromechanical cable through which is transmitted alternating electric current to downhole electric-power conditioning equipment where alternating current is converted by rectifier means to direct current, voltage and rotational speed are adjusted by transformer means, and direct current is reversed by polarity-switch means so as to power a downhole coresampling apparatus driven by a reversible and variable-speed direct-current electric motor. The method and apparatus described and illustrated in the above patent sought among other functions to solve the dog-leg and corehole deviation problems associated with conventional lightweight narrow-kerf high-speed coring technologies whereas all the threaded connections of the reversible downhole core-sampling apparatus were provided back-out protection by means of a set-screw locking system described in my U.S. Pat. No. 4,548,428, Anti Back-Out Steel Coupling or Nonmetallic Composite Pipe.

Method and apparatus for core-sampling subsurface rock formations


A molding attaching clip 30 includes a fixed portion 31 to be fixed in a groove 15 of a roof panel 10, a pair of elastically deformable wall portions 32 which are erected from the fixed portion 31, a pair of engaging portions 33 which are provided on the pair of wall portions 32, and an elastically deformable guide portion 36 which is projected from the fixed portion 31. A roof molding 20 includes a head portion 21 for covering the groove 15, and a projected portion 27 which is protruded from a back face of the head portion 21. The projected portion has a pair of locking portions 24 which are provided on both side faces thereof, and a receiving groove 26 which is formed in the projected portion 27. On occasion of engaging the roof molding 20 with the molding attaching clip 30, the roof molding 20 is positioned so that the pair of locking portions 24 can be engaged with the pair of engaging portions 33, by butting the receiving groove 26 against the guide portion 36.

As an example of prior art, a case where a roof molding is attached to a roof panel of an automobile employing a molding attaching clip will be described.
As shown in FIG. 9A, a roof panel 110 of an automobile is formed by connecting a side edge portion of a side panel 113 to a side edge portion of a center panel 111 by welding or so. A concave groove 115 which is concaved downwardly is formed in a connected portion between the panels.
Also, a roof molding 120 has a head portion 121 for covering the groove 115, a protruded portion 122 which is protruded from a back face of the head portion 121 into the groove 115, and a pair of right and left (right and left in a lateral direction of the roof molding) locking portions 124 which are provided on both side faces of the protruded portion 122.
Further, a molding attaching clip 130 has a fixed portion 131 in a substantially plate-like shape, and a pair of right and left wall portions 132 which are elastically deformable and provided so as to be erected from both right and left side portions of the fixed portion 131 (both right and left side portions of the concave groove in a lateral direction), and a pair of right and left engaging portions 133 which are provided on opposed faces of the pair of wall portions 132 at their upper ends. By attaching the fixed portion 131 to a bottom face of the groove 115 of the roof panel 110 by bonding means 140 in advance, the molding attaching clip 130 is attached in the groove 115 of the roof panel 110.
When the above described roof molding 120 is attached to the roof panel 110, the roof molding 120 is inserted into the groove 115 of the roof panel 110 from a state as shown by a two-dot chain line 120 in FIG. 9A. On this occasion, both the locking portions 124 of the roof molding 120 are butted on both the engaging portions 133 of the molding attaching clip 130 (See a solid line 120 in FIG. 9A). As the roof molding 120 is inserted into the groove 115 from this state, both the engaging portions 133 are pressed by both the locking portions 124 so as to spread outwardly, whereby both the wall portions 132 of the molding attaching clip 130 are elastically deformed in a spreading direction (See FIG. 9B). Then, as both the locking portions 124 pass by both the engaging portions 133, both the wall portions 132 are elastically restored, whereby the engaging portions 133 engages with the locking portions 124 (See FIG. 9C). In this manner, the roof molding 120 is attached to the roof panel 110.
Incidentally, a molding attaching structure similar to the above described structure is disclosed, for example, in JP-A-8-40152.

Molding attaching structure, molding attaching clip, and molding


A method includes: retrieving a first word comprising a plurality of data bits and a plurality of parity bits that correspond to the first word, wherein the plurality of data bits form N−1 groups and the plurality of parity bits form a first group different from the N−1 groups, and N is a positive integer greater than 2; receiving a request to update respective data bits of a first one of the N−1 groups; and providing a second word comprising updated data bits that form a second one of the N−1 groups and a plurality of updated parity bits that correspond to the second word, wherein the plurality of updated parity bits form a second group that has a same group index as the first one of the N−1 groups.

An Error Correction Code (ECC)-enabled memory device is generally referred to a memory device that includes additional information, called ECC (Error Correction Code) bits (which are typically referred to as "parity bits"), stored in the memory device in addition to actual data bits. Such parity bits are used to check consistency of the data bits when the data bits are read from the memory device. In general, using the parity bits, corruption (e.g., errors) of data bits can be detected and the corrupted data bits can be corrected.
In such an ECC-enabled memory device, the parity bits are typically generated through an ECC engine to be associated with the corresponding data bits. For example, to detect or correct errors of a data word having N data bits, M bits of parity bits are generated to be associated with the N data bits. As such, the number of cells in the memory device that are used to store the N data bits is N+M bits. In response to a write access to the ECC-enabled memory device (i.e., writing a plurality of data bits to the memory device), corresponding parity bits will be computed and written to the memory device along with the plurality of data bits. When the plurality of data bits are read, consistency of data bits is checked using the corresponding parity bits, and any data error, if present, may be accordingly corrected.
In various applications, while updating the N data bits, instead of updating all N bits, there may be plural partial-write cycles, each of which is configured to update a corresponding subset of the N data bits, performed to update the whole N data bits. In an example where the above-mentioned data word has 64 data bits (N=64), there may be a total of 4 partial-write cycles performed to update the total of 64 data bits. Every time when the partial-write cycle is performed the update the corresponding subset of data bits, a corresponding set of parity bits are generated (e.g., updated). In accordance with the 4 partial-write cycles, the corresponding sets of parity bits are repeatedly written to same cells of the memory device, which disadvantageously impacts respective endurances of the cells that present the parity bits. Thus, existing techniques to perform partial-write cycles in the ECC-enabled memory device are not entirely satisfactory.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.


Provided is a steel cord for reinforcing rubber articles which has both rubber penetration and productivity and which allows to reduce the weight of a tire without compromising the strength of the tire when applied to a tire, and a pneumatic tire using the same.

In recent years, the importance of the environmental performance is increasing, and needs for reducing the weight of rubber articles or tires in which a steel cord is used for a reinforcing member are increasing. In order to reduce the weight of a tire, it is effective to reduce the thickness of a belt. In order to reduce the thickness of the belt, it is effective to make the cross-section of the steel cord into a flat shape, and to make the diameter (minor axis) of the steel cord small.
In general, when a steel cord having a (1×N) structure is made into a flat shape by using a jig such as a pressing roller, an effect of a reinforcing member is reduced since initial elongation occurs when a tensile input is applied to the steel cord. Accordingly, as a cord structure which has a flat shape without compromising the tensile rigidity of the steel cord, for example, structures described in Patent Documents 1 to 4 are proposed. In the steel cord described in Patent Document 1, a technique is proposed in which a 2+6 structure is employed and by providing a space between sheath filaments, rubber penetrates between the filaments. A steel cord described in Patent Document 2 tries to overcome the above-mentioned problems by defining the diameter of a core filament and the diameter of a sheath filament. Further, in the steel cord described in Patent Document 3, a technique is disclosed in which, by defining the diameter of a core filament and the diameter of the sheath filament, rubber penetration to a steel cord is improved. Still further, in Patent Document 4, a technique is disclosed in which, by employing a single-twisted structure or a layer-twisted structure of 6 to 10 steel filaments, rubber penetration is ensured is ensured.
Particularly in a tire for heavy load, there is a trend of large size in the tire, and demands for improving a variety of performances such as steering stability or durability are increasing. In general, as the tire becomes large in size, growth of the diameter of the tire becomes large when the tire is inflated to an inner pressure, which affects significantly on the performance or durability of the tire. For this reason, in a large tire, the growth of the diameter of the tire is inhibited by using a reinforcing layer which is arranged in substantially tire circumferential direction, in other words, in parallel to the tire equatorial line.
As an improvement technology of such a tire for heavy load, it is reported, for example, in Patent Document 5 that by having a predetermined relationship between the minor axis of steel cord bundle and the bundle width thereof and further satisfying a predetermined relationship between the bundle width of the steel cord bundle and the bundle interval, steering stability and durability can be improved while reducing the weight of a tire.

Steel cord for reinforcing rubber article, and pneumatic tire using same

Abstract: The steel cord for reinforcing rubber articles of the present invention is a steel cord for reinforcing rubber articles comprising a core formed by arranging two core filaments in parallel without twisting the filaments together, and six sheath filaments twisted around the core. Letting the diameter of the core filament dc (mm), the diameter of the sheath filament ds (mm) and sheath filament twist pitch p (mm), an average sheath filament interval D represented by the following Formula (I):D=[L−6ds{1+(L/p)2}1/2]/6  (I),(where L=(π+2)dc+πds) is from 25 to 80 μm.


A water stop structure for a wire harness includes a cylindrical shield shell which is disposed at an intermediate portion of a shield member in a longitudinal direction, an outer water stop mechanism which is disposed on a side of an outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical shield shell, and an inner water stop mechanism which is disposed on a side of an inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical shield shell. The inner water stop mechanism has an elastic water stop plug member. A shell-side seal portion which is in watertight contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical shield shell and one or plural conducting path-side seal portions which are in watertight contact with outer peripheral surfaces of covers of the conducting paths are formed on the water stop plug member.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a water stop structure for a wire harness, and also to a wire harness employing the water stop structure.
2. Background Art
JP-A-2010-239678 below discloses a technique of a wire harness for electrically connecting a motor of a hybrid automobile or an electric automobile with an inverter. According to the disclosed technique, the wire harness includes: three high-voltage cables (conducting paths), a cylindrical braid (shield member) which collectively covers the three high-voltage cables, a twisted tube (exterior member) which is disposed outside the braid, and a motor-side connecting member and inverter-side connecting member which are disposed in the one and other ends of the three high-voltage cables, respectively.

Water stop structure for wire harness and wire harness


In order to latch an object member that is movable in a predetermined direction, a latch device has a heart cam that follows movement of the object member, and a latch member that is movable between a first position where it does not engage the object member and a second position where it engages the object member in the predetermined direction. A cam follower engaging the heart cam and the latch member urges the latch member toward one of the first and second positions following movement of the heart cam. However, actual movement of the latch member is controlled by a control mechanism that operates depending on the shape and the number of times of movement of the heart cam.

This invention relates to a latch device for latching an object member that is movable in a predetermined direction.
Recently, it has been proposed to use, as an object member that is loadable and unloadable into and from an information processing device, a module in the form of a case and a CD, CD-ROM, DVD, HD, or the like that is accommodated in the case (hereinafter referred to simply as a "module"). In order to enable the use of the module, the information processing device has a housing formed with an insertion hole. The module is inserted into the insertion hole depending on necessity. When the module is replaced with another or becomes unnecessary, it is removed from the insertion hole.
The information processing device is provided with a latch device that serves to lock the module in the state where it is inserted in the insertion hole. The latch device of this type normally has a release mechanism for releasing the module. The release mechanism has a movable operating member to be operated from the exterior and releases the module depending on an operation of the operating member. The released module can be easily removed from the information processing device.
However, since the conventional latch device requires the movable operating member to be operated from the exterior, the number of parts increases and the structure thereof is complicated.

Latch device requiring no movable operating member that is operated from the exterior

Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited


A system for providing crosswind component information to a pilot of an aircraft is disclosed. The system is comprised of a navigation system; datalink system; devices for manual input of data; a crosswind component module consisting of, in part, a processor and database; and an indicating system consisting of, in part, a tactical display unit system of an aircraft. A navigation system may provide flight parameters for measured and intended flight data as inputs. Other data may also be provided from manual input devices and a datalink system as inputs. The processor of the crosswind component module receives the data, retrieves runway direction data, and determines the data of the crosswind components. An indicating system receives the data of the crosswind components and displays this information.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention pertains to the field of cockpit indicators or display units that provide information to pilot or flight crew of aircraft. To address the issue of runway incursion on airports, the embodiments herein improve cockpit display units by adding taxi navigation information on the face of a display unit through the use of a novel system, novel devices, and novel methods.
2. Description of the Related Art
Landing an aircraft under crosswind conditions can cause a great amount of stress on a pilot or flight crew. To address aircraft landing operations in the presence of crosswinds, aircraft are certified with a "maximum demonstrated crosswind component." This value is based on the actual testing conducted during certification trials for an aircraft. To achieve this value, engineering test pilots conduct flight tests in varying degrees of crosswind conditions to explore the maximum amount of crosswind the aircraft can safely handle, i.e., the aircraft has demonstrated adequate rudder available to control aircraft alignment and drift over the runway. Once this value is determined from the tests, it is published in the "limits" section of an aircraft performance operating handbook. While not a "limit" per se, the maximum demonstrated crosswind component represents maximum crosswind flight crew.
Pilots and flight crews are very concerned about any existing crosswind landing situation. Although some level of planning may anticipate possible crosswind conditions, predicting crosswind conditions at the moment of landing is not an exact science and subject to change. While crosswind calculations are capable of being performed during flight, it is not always possible. Often, pilots estimate the actual component based on personal experience and the reported wind speed and relative direction. For instance, if the reported wind for a runway is 30 degrees to the right at 25 knots gusting to 30 knots, the pilot knows that the wind is offset so the effect of the crosswind will be less than 25 knots. However, if the crosswind approaches 90 degrees, or perpendicular to the centerline of the runway, then the landing might be difficult or exceed the maximum demonstrated crosswind component stated in the aircraft performance operating handbook.
If the crosswind component could be determined automatically and displayed to the current wind vector during the landing phase of the flight, the pilot would benefit from a much higher degree of situational awareness. Additionally, this could assist the pilot in making go/no-go decisions regarding the landing operation in a high crosswind situation. In other words, safety is enhanced, situational awareness is enhanced, and aircraft efficiency is enhanced.
In response to these concerns, the embodiments herein provide a reference on the pilot's primary display unit of a visual representation of the actual crosswind component computed from data provided by the navigation sub-systems of an aircraft.

Methods and devices of an aircraft crosswind component indicating system


An anti-icing system is disclosed. In various embodiments, the anti-icing system includes an inner duct having a forward end configured to deliver a heated gas to a plenum and an aft end spaced from the forward end; an outer duct circumferentially encompassing at least a portion of the inner duct; and a forward seal system disposed proximate the forward end, the forward seal system including an aft attachment flange configured for positioning adjacent an aft bulkhead face of a forward bulkhead, the inner duct and the outer duct being connected to the aft attachment flange, and a seal configured for positioning adjacent a forward flange face of the aft attachment flange.

During flight, ice may form and accrete on various aerodynamic surfaces of an aircraft, including, for example, the leading edge surfaces of the wings and the inlet surfaces of nacelles surrounding the gas turbine engines. Formation and accretion of ice on aerodynamic surfaces may adversely affect performance of the aircraft by altering the shape of such surfaces, such as, for example, the wings, the stabilizers and the rudder. Further, formation and accretion of ice on the inlet surfaces of the nacelles may lead to eventual detachment of the ice, which may then be drawn through the engine, resulting in the potential for damage to the engine.
To address the above concerns, aircraft may include anti-icing systems to prevent ice formation and accretion on, or to remove accreted ice from, aircraft surfaces. One method of implementing such anti-icing systems is to direct heated gases from the gas turbine engines (e.g., heated air bled from a compressor section) to interior or exterior surfaces of the aircraft, thereby increasing the temperature of the targeted surfaces. These anti-icing systems may use a double duct configuration to transmit the heated gases from the gas turbine engine to the targeted aircraft surfaces, thereby minimizing the risk of damage to aircraft components (e.g., damage to the acoustic composite structures defining the inner walls of a nacelle inlet) as a result of a ruptured duct. Due to the occurrence of thermal expansion and vibration within and surrounding such double duct configurations, seal systems are used, for example, to exhaust the heated gases in the event of a ruptured duct and to prevent other fluids (e.g., fuel, hydraulic fluid and water) from entering the double duct configuration. The seal systems may be employed, for example, at the intersections of the forward and the aft bulkheads of a nacelle inlet and the double duct configurations extending therethrough.

Inlet anti-ice double walled duct with supply line seal


In the solid-state imaging device, first and second substrates are electrically connected to each other via connectors electrically connecting the first and second substrates. A photoelectric conversion element is disposed in the first substrate. A read circuit is disposed in the second substrate and reads a signal generated by the photoelectric conversion element and transmitted via the connector. In a signal processing circuit including elements or circuits performing signal processing on the read signal, some of the elements or circuits are disposed in the first substrate, the remaining elements or circuits are disposed in the second substrate, and the elements or circuits disposed in the first and second substrates are electrically connected to each other via the connector.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a solid-state imaging device, a method of controlling the solid-state imaging device, and an imaging device.
2. Description of Related Art
In recent years, imaging devices such as video cameras and electronic still cameras have generally come into wide use. Charge coupled device (CCD)-type or amplification-type solid-state imaging devices have been used in such imaging devices (hereinafter referred to as "cameras"). In the amplification-type solid-state imaging devices, a plurality of pixels are arrayed in a matrix form. In the amplification-type solid-state imaging devices, signal charges generated and stored by photoelectric conversion units serving as light-receiving units of pixels are guided toward amplification portions installed in the pixels, and the signals amplified by the amplification portions are output as output signals from the pixels.
Examples of the amplification-type solid-state imaging device include a solid-state imaging device in which a junction field effect transistor is used in an amplification portion and a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-type solid-state imaging device in which a CMOS transistor is used in an amplification portion.
In the past, a general CMOS-type solid-state imaging device (hereinafter, also referred to as a "solid-state imaging device") has utilized a method of sequentially reading signal charges generated and stored by photoelectric conversion units of pixels arrayed in a two-dimensional matrix form from each row. According to this reading method, an exposure timing in the photoelectric conversion unit of each pixel is determined by start and end of the reading of the signal charge. Therefore, the exposure timing is different in each pixel. Therefore, when a fast moving subject is imaged using such a CMOS-type solid-state imaging device, the subject in the captured image may be distorted.
As an exposure method of eliminating the distortion of the subject, a simultaneous imaging function (hereinafter referred to as a "global shutter function") of generating signal charges and realizing simultaneity of the storage of the signal charges by exposing all of the pixels at the same timing has been suggested. CMOS-type solid-state imaging devices having the global shutter function tend to be used for many purposes.
In the CMOS-type solid-state imaging devices having the global shutter function, it is generally necessary to store the signal charges generated by the photoelectric conversion units until reading ends. Therefore, a storage capacitor having a light-shielding property is necessary. In the CMOS-type solid-state imaging devices having the global shutter function according to the related art, after simultaneous exposure of all of the pixels, the signal charges generated by the photoelectric conversion units are simultaneously transmitted to the storage capacitors in all of the pixels and are stored once, and then the signal charges stored in the storage capacitors are sequentially converted into pixel signals at a predetermined reading timing.
As a technology for resolving such a problem, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2010-219339 discloses a method of suppressing an increase in a chip area (mounting area) of a solid-state imaging device by separately manufacturing a first substrate in which photoelectric conversion units are formed and a second substrate in which a plurality of MOS transistors are formed and by joining the first and second substrates together to form one solid-state imaging device. According to the technology disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2010-219339, the separately manufactured first and second substrates are electrically connected to each other by connection electrodes.
According to the technology disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2010-219339, pixels having the global shutter function according to the related art are distributed between the two substrates. Accordingly, an increase in the chip area of the first substrate can be avoided. By joining the first and second substrates together, it is possible to prevent a signal quality from deteriorating due to noise caused by light during a waiting period until the signal charges stored in the storage capacitors are read.
FIGS. 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating the overview of a connection configuration of substrates of a solid-state imaging device of the related art to which the technology disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2010-219339 is applied. FIG. 10A is a side view illustrating the connection configuration of the first and second substrates of a solid-state imaging device 100. FIG. 10B is a top view illustrating the connection configuration of the first and second substrates of the solid-state imaging device 100.
In the solid-state imaging device 100, as shown in FIG. 10A, a pixel unit 11 formed in the first substrate and a pixel unit 12 formed in the second substrate are connected to each other via inter-substrate connector 13. More specifically, photoelectric conversion units are formed in the pixel unit 11 and the storage capacitors are formed in the pixel unit 12. In the inter-substrate connector 13, for example, the photoelectric conversion unit in the pixel unit 11 and the storage capacitor in the pixel unit 12 are connected to each other via a bump. Thus, in the solid-state imaging device 100, the pixel units 11 and 12 connected to each other via the bumps are configured to form a lamination structure in the region of a pixel array unit 40 of the solid-state imaging device 100.
The technology disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2010-219339 discloses processes (manufacturing processes) of thinning the first substrate and forming color filters or micro-lenses after connecting the first and second substrates to each other. This means that when the chip area of the first substrate is different from that of the second substrate, as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the process of connecting the first and second substrates to each other in units of chips is performed and then the manufacturing processes of thinning the substrate and forming the color filters or the micro-lenses are also performed in units of chips.

Solid-state imaging device and imaging device with circuit elements distributed on multiple substrates, method of controlling solid-state imaging device, and imaging device with circuit elements distributed on multiple substrates


In warming up operation when the temperature of an engine is low, heat release in a combustion chamber is delayed by making ignition timing immediately before the top dead center of compression stroke or later. Hereby, exhaust gas including a large quantity of unburned HC, oxygen and carbon monoxide is exhausted into an exhaust passage. Then, the mixture of the HC, oxygen and carbon monoxide is accelerated by a turbulence generating means for generating turbulence in an exhaust flow mounted in the exhaust passage. Hereby, the HC is combusted in the exhaust passage, exhaust temperature is raised, resulting in that effective reduction of the HC. As the exhaust temperature is raised, it can activate earlier a catalytic converter for purifying exhaust.

When a spark ignition engine is started, particularly when the temperature of an engine is low (when the engine is cold), injected fuel collides with the wall of a low-temperature intake passage, an intake valve, the wall of a combustion chamber and the crown face of a piston, and a large quantity of fuel droplet films are formed on the collided wall. As the fuel droplet film on the low-temperature wall is hardly vaporized, combustion is deteriorated and a large quantity of HC may be exhausted in exhaust gas. Besides, as a catalyst is not activated yet when the engine is cold, the purified efficiency of exhaust gas by the catalyst is low and exhaust is deteriorated (increasing the discharge of injurious ingredients such as HC).
To save such a situation, it is known, as disclosed in JP Patent Publication (Kokai) No.11-294157A (1999) for example, that the direct injection-type spark ignition engine provided with a capacity part in an exhaust manifold where fuel is injected into a combustion chamber at an expansion stroke, exhaust stays in the capacity part of the exhaust manifold to make HC in the exhaust gas combusted and raise the temperature of the exhaust.
In order to raise up the temperature of a catalytic converter to activating temperature as quickly as possible when an engine is cold, it is desirous to dispose the catalytic converter close a combustion chamber, the exhaust temperature of which is high. However, provided with the capacity part to the exhaust manifold as an engine disclosed in the above-mentioned patent document, it is difficult to dispose a catalytic converter close to the combustion chamber. Besides, as the capacity part makes its heat capacity of gas larger, it takes more time to raise the exhaust gas temperature immediately after the engine is started.
Further, the capacity part of the exhaust manifold may cause exhaust interference resulting in decrease of the maximum power output of the engine.
The invention is made to solve such a problem and the aim of the invention is to provide a spark ignition engine and a method of controlling the combustion of the engine wherein in warming up in which the temperature of the engine is low, the outside discharge of HC can be effectively reduced, a catalyst can be promptly activated and further, the generation of soot, the fluctuation of revolution and the fluctuation of torque can be also inhibited.

Spark ignition engine and method of controlling combustion of the engine


Systems and methods for providing funds recovery for mailing machines including integrated circuits such as those used in postal security devices are described, and in certain configurations, systems and methods for recovering data such as postal funds records from a partially disabled single integrated circuit in a postal security device are described.

Mailing machines for printing postage indicia on envelopes and other forms of mail pieces have enjoyed considerable commercial success. There are many different types of mailing machines, ranging from relatively small units that handle only one mail piece at a time, to large, multi-functional units that can process hundreds of mail pieces per hour in a continuous stream operation. Prior modern mailing machines that include postage meters store funds locally in an electronic postal security device (PSD). The postage fund credits are acquired through a postage purchase transaction known as a reset that is now typically electronically processed over a network connected to a data center. Such mailing machines including postage meters have utilized PSDs including multiple integrated circuit devices packaged in a physically secure housing. For example, the PSD typically includes cryptographic data including key data stored in memory that are required for operation of the PSD device. If a security breach was to be detected in the PSD physically secure housing, one tamper response would be to erase the cryptographic keys so that the device could not be used in a fraudulent or otherwise unauthorized fashion. The PSDs also include postal funds record data in registers including an ascending register and a descending register. The funds related data registers may also include one or more piece count bucket registers and a PSD and/or postage meter identification number. In a multiple integrated circuit module, a PSD processor integrated circuit might fail, but the separate memory device might remain functioning and continue to store the funds record data. In such a scenario, the funds record memory device could be removed from the PSD circuit board and read. In commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 4,421,977, issued on Dec. 20, 1983 to Kittredge, entitled Security System for Electronic Device," and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, a secure housing is described for multiple circuit devices. Moreover, in a prior described PSD, an operating PSD was configured to visually output the funds register data in response to determining that the communications link to the postage metering device had failed. In that scenario, the PSD is operating normally, but the host postage meter has failed. Such a PSD is described in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,963,928 issued on Oct. 5, 1999 to Lee, entitled Secure Metering Vault Having LED Output for Recovery of Postal funds," and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
However, if the electronic components of a PSD were to be substantially implemented in a single integrated circuit device, portions of the device might independently fail. Accordingly, there is a need for a system that will allow secure recovery of postal security device data including funds register data from a partially failed integrated circuit postal security device.

System and method for funds recovery from an integrated postal security device


A dietary menu planning system. The dietary menu planning system receives personal characteristics and food preferences for an individual. The personal characteristics includes a desired physiological rate of change for the individual. Based on the physiological rate of change and other personal characteristics, a set of dietary constraints is developed for the individual. A dietary menu plan is created for the individual including food items selected by the individual and with quantities determined to maximize the food preferences of the individual while satisfying the dietary constraints. The creation of the dietary menu plan includes applying an optimization function to maximize the food preferences. The dietary menu planning system is implemented as a stand-alone application for a computer or as a networked-system, for example, as a fee-for-service basis through the Internet.

The particular problem of weight control is an acute one in Western society where a large proportion of society has been unable to balance their energy expenditure with their intake of calories. This is due in part to the generally sedentary lifestyle adopted in Western society and in part to the ready availability of foodstuffs, especially 'fast-foods' which are high in fats and sugars. Without adequate exercise, excess calories are converted and accumulated as body fat.
Excessive body weight and poor diet have been linked with obesity and a number of degenerative diseases, such as diabetes, coronary heart disease and some forms of cancer, and damage to macro- and micro-vascular systems and endothelial cells. An alarming proportion of society is, obese or suffers from long-term degenerative diseases. Moreover, obesity usually negatively impacts an individual's self esteem and can contribute to depression, anti-social behaviour and decreased productivity.
At any one time, a majority of North American adults are on a diet to attempt to lose weight. Unfortunately, many diets focus on immediate and rapid weight loss without providing an appropriate nutrient profile. Often these diets sacrifice palatability in favour of rapid calorie reduction, rendering them unsustainable over the long term. The result is usually an initial period of weight loss followed by a return to former eating habits because of the dieter's inability to maintain an unpalatable diet in the face of overwhelming food cravings. This creates the well known 'yo-yo' dieting effect which exacerbates the initial problem and has a negative impact on general physical health and individual self-esteem.
The problem is that individuals experience substantial difficulty in creating dietary menus that meet their specific dietary needs or goals. The most common dietary goal is body weight control, and in particular, weight loss, but an individual's dietary needs or goals can include glycemic control, blood lipid lowering or fecal bulking. The fact that people are having difficulty meeting this goal is evidenced by the proliferation of weight-loss advice, products and systems.
The difficulty people experience with creating dietary menus that meet their needs or goals is usually threefold. First, the person often lacks appropriate information about nutrition or an understanding of an appropriate nutrient profile. Second, the person is often uncertain as to what foodstuffs satisfy particular nutrient needs and in what quantity the foodstuffs should be eaten. Finally, typical dietary menus exclude the foods that people enjoy most and include the foods that people like to avoid, thereby rendering the menu unpalatable. As a result of this latter difficulty, a dietary menu plan is easily abandoned in favour of a person's old eating habits.
What is therefore required is a method of providing dieters with menus that meet the dietary constraints imposed by their particular health profile and by their particular physiological goals, but that also maximize the palatability of the resulting diet to the individual dieter. Such a system should be independent from the level of knowledge that a user has about the nutrient content of particular foodstuffs.

System and method for optimized dietary menu planning


Controlling a multiphase electric motor by controlling the transmission of power to a first set of phases of a multiphase electric motor in accordance with a first operating configuration; detecting the presence of a shorted phase in the first set of phases while the first set of phases are being operated in accordance with the first operating configuration; and, responsive to detection of the shorted phase, adjusting control of the transmission of power to the multiphase electric motor such that power is transmitted to a second set of phases in accordance with a second operating configuration.

Electrical motors for use in high power offshore submersible pump applications, such as oil wells, typically use three-phase asynchronous induction motors with two poles and a distributed winding. The low pole number enables high speed operation at around 3500 rpm when using 60 Hz supply. The induction motors are also typically driven by a variable frequency drive that enables operations at varying speeds depending on the required flow rates through a submersed pipe.
Due to the high temperature in the well improper cooling and overloading can result in breakdown of ground wall insulation leading to stator inter-turn and phase-to-ground faults. Additionally, due to the long length of the electric cable providing power to the electric motor, there is an increased risk of a reflected voltage wave increasing the instantaneous voltage at the motor terminals above their rated value, especially during start-up of the motor. This phenomenon can also lead to insulation breakdown and cause phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground faults. Such faults lead to the loss of one or more phases, rendering the motor inoperable and in need of replacement. Typical motors, have overlapping end windings allowing faults to migrate to healthy phases leading to phase-to-phase faults.
When a motor fails it may need to be replaced. Replacing an electrical motor, such as in a submersible electronic pump, may be time consuming and costly.

System and method for controlling muliphase electric motors


There is disclosed an optically active fluorine-containing compound represented by the general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein Rf is a fluoroalkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms; R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, independently of one another, are each a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms or an aralkyl group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms; and * is an asymmetric carbon atom. The above compound has a fluoroalkyl group with a remarkable electron-attracting property at the asymmetric carbon atom in the tetrahydropyran ring. It is exemplified by tetrahydro-6-trifluoromethyl-2-hexyloxy-4-methyl-5-hydroxypyran and expected to find a wide variety of useful applications as raw materials for an enzyme inhibitor, a bioactive substance, a carcinostatic, a ferroelectric liquid crystal, etc.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an optically active fluorine-containing compound. More particulary, it pertains to an optically active fluorine-containing compound useful as raw materials for various chemical agents, industrial chemicals, ferroelectric liquid crystals and the like.
2. Description of the Related Arts
As there has been a steady rise in the utilization of liquid crystals in recent years, the development of a liquid crystal having novel structure has been desired.
The research group of the present inventors has hitherto succeeded in the development of a variety of optically active fluorine-containing compounds that are utilizable as the liquid crystals (refer to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 83074/1989, 163143/1989, 233243/1989, 233244/1989, 49743/1990, 167252/1990, 232208/1990, 232209/1990, etc.).
Under such circumstances, intensive research was concentrated by the present inventors on the purpose of developing a novel optically active compound having a tetrahydropyran ring which is of great promise as a new type of liquid crystal.
As a result, it has been found by the present inventors that the aforesaid purpose is attained with a novel compound having a fluoroalkyl group with a remarkable electron-attracting property in itself at the asymmetric carbon atom in a tetrahydropyran ring. The present invention has been accomplished on the basis of the above-mentioned finding and information.

Optically active fluorine-containing compound