The present invention relates to a coding system characterized by various combinations of the following properties: 1) Even parity at the output of d of the precoder; 2) A coding rate of 32/34; 3) At least 9 ones per codeword; 4) No more than 13 consecutive zeros in the stream of encoded data (G=13); 5) No more than 13 consecutive zeros in any run of every-other-bit in the stream of codewords (I=13); 6) For closed error events in y or y′ having squared-distance≦(1 to 1.5)×dmfb2 in the detector, the decoder produces at most 4 corresponding erroneous data bytes; 7) Decoding of a 34 bit codeword may begin when 19 of its bits have been received; 8) If the Viterbi detector 108 outputs Non-Return to Zero (NRZ) symbols, then its output is filtered by (1⊕D^2) before being decoded, but if the Viterbi detector outputs NRZ Inverter (NRZI) symbols, then its output is decoded directly; and 9) The even parity is on NRZ symbols.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to a coding system for encoding or decoding data while minimizing propagation of any errors introduced after the encoding and before the decoding and while assuring certain properties of words encoded by the coding system.
2. Description of the Related Art
To minimize errors introduced during the transfer or transmission of data, and to assure certain properties of the data when in a form for conveyance, systems often encode data before it is conveyed between two points. Encoding typically involves transforming the data and introducing additional information to the data, where the additional information can be used during decoding to recover from or minimize the effect of discrepancies introduced by filtering, conveying, or otherwise manipulating the data after it has been encoded.
A coding scheme (or code) may be measured by two opposing qualities. A first quality of a coding scheme is the efficiency or rate of the code, which is the amount of input data to be encoded, in proportion to the amount of the input data plus added coding information. For example, if a code adds two coding bits to a 32-bit input word, thus producing a 34-bit codeword, then the rate of the code is 32/34. A low coding rate naturally leads to an efficient rate of conveying the input data, because less total information must be conveyed per unit of input data that is conveyed. A second quality of a coding scheme is the degree to which the added coding information facilitates recovery from or minimization of errors introduced during conveyance. There is a tension between these two coding qualities. Higher error recovery rates (desirable) generally require less efficient coding rates (undesirable). More efficient coding rates (desirable) generally lead to lower error recovery rates (undesirable). What is needed is a coding scheme with a high error recovery rate and an efficient coding rate.

Low error propagation rate 32/34 trellis code

Infineon Technologies North America Corp.


An improved siding panel has a fastening hem that includes an engagement member structured to extend outwardly from a building when the siding panel is mounted to the building. The engagement member is generally trapezoid-shaped in cross section and includes a first leg, a second leg, and an apex portion disposed therebetween, with spaced elongated openings being formed in the apex portion. The siding panel is cooperable with a fastener having an elongated shank and a head to mount the siding panel to the building. The siding panel is mounted to the building by receiving the shank through one of the openings. During certain wind loading, the apex portion is engageable with the head, which thereby deflects the first and second legs from a relaxed position to a deflected position where the edges of the opening can engage the shank of the fastener to provide a greater resistance to wind loading.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to siding for a building and, more particularly, to a siding panel configured to resist wind loading.
2. Description of the Related Art
Numerous exterior treatment systems are known for use with buildings and the like. Among such exterior treatment systems are siding, such as vinyl and aluminum siding, as well as other known treatment systems.
Vinyl siding is particularly advantageous for a number of reasons. For instance, it is relatively inexpensive and is relatively simple to install. It has an extremely long service life, requires virtually no maintenance, and is available in numerous colors and textures, and it can be configured to have numerous different types of appearance.
Vinyl siding typically includes a plurality of siding panels that interlock with one another, and each such siding panel is mounted to a building with a number of fasteners such as nails, staples, and the like that are fasteningly received through a fastening hem on each siding panel. The fastening hem of a siding panel typically extends along one elongated side of the siding panel. The other side of the siding panel, i.e., the side opposite the fastening hem, typically is interlocked in some fashion with an adjacent siding panel. Accordingly, siding panels typically are installed with a relatively small quantity of fasteners. While vinyl siding has typically been effective for its intended purpose, vinyl siding has not, however, been without limitations.
Vinyl siding sometimes can be subjected to extreme wind loading, such as during inclement weather. Different regions of the country, typically have particular requirements that must be met by siding employed in that area, and a typical requirement is a wind loading rating. That is, siding must be able to withstand a certain wind load without becoming detached from the building. It thus would be desirable to provide an improved siding panel that has a relatively greater resistance to wind loading than other similar panels.


Apparatus for driving fastening elements (9), such as nails, bolts, screws, clips and alike, includes a magazine (3) extending laterally from a guide (1) from which the fastening elements are driven. A transport slide (4) is mounted on the magazine (3). A guide channel (31) in the magazine (3) opens into the guide (1) and is open at its opposite end located at a free end of the magazine. The transport slide (4) is movable along the magazine (3) towards its free end into a release position and in the release position can be fixed against movement toward the guide (1). In the release position, the transport slide (4) has a transport latch (41), and a retaining element (6) is positioned on the magazine (3), and both are displaced out of the clear opening in the guide channel (31).

The present invention is directed to an apparatus for driving fastening elements, such as nails, bolts, screws, clips and the like, into a receiving material and includes a guide extending parallel to the driving direction with a magazine mounted on and extending outwardly from the guide. The magazine forms a guide channel substantially perpendicular to the guide and arranged to receive a carrying strip holding the fastening elements to be transported into the guide. A transport slide is mounted on the magazine for movement thereon between a release position, a working position and an end position adjacent to the guide. The guide channel is open at the free end of the magazine and the transport slide is movable along the magazine towards the free end thereof against the force of a spring. The transport slide has a spring-like transport latch and a spring-like retaining element is mounted on the magazine with the transport latch and the retaining element being arranged to extend into a clear opening in the guide channel for contact with at least one of the carrying strip and the fastening elements.
In a known fastening element driving apparatus, disclosed in British patent 1,281,586, a magazine projecting perpendicularly from a guide has a spring-like retaining element extending into a clear opening of a guide channel. On the magazine, there is a transport slide with a spring-like transport latch which also projects into the clear opening of the guide channel and can be displaced towards the free end of the magazine against the force of the spring. The carrying strip with the fastening elements located in the guide channel cannot be removed opposite to the transport direction of the guide channel, since the transport latch along with the retaining element project into the clear opening of the guide channel and interact positively with the carrying strip. Such removal can take place only in the transport direction through a through hole in the guide located opposite the guide channel. When the carrying strip is pulled out of the guide channel, the holding forces produced by the retaining element and the transport latch acting on the carrying strip must be overcome at the same time.

Driving apparatus with magazine for fastening elements


A system for the assessment of network performance criteria, and applying this criteria to the classification of network addresses into appropriate ranges, using these ranges to consolidate performance measurements for the associated addresses, and applying these metrics toward the optimization of the network towards performance or policy objectives.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the field of networking. In particular, this invention relates to the optimization of network traffic.
2. Description of the Related Art
The performance of packet-based networks (such as the Internet) is typically constrained by the various path-selection processes in place.
Manually configured forwarding tables are not flexible enough to compensate for variations in network performance. In addition, this approach represents a significant impact on scarce skilled resources.
Dynamic Routing Protocols are used to control the vast majority of forwarding decisions on large packet-based networks. These protocols are fairly adaptable to routing failures, but do not effectively compensate for variations in network performance.
Assessment and Optimization of network traffic is also subjective: performance characteristics toward a given destination vary based on the location from which measurements are made. Each locale must identify their own local performance characteristics.
As the number of valid destination addresses increase, the feasibility of measuring performance characteristics toward all destinations in a persistent and ongoing manner decreases to nil.
Consolidating the set of all individual destination addresses into sets. or ranges of addresses significantly reduces the number of tests that must be made in a given time interval. However, in many cases, even this optimization is insufficient: the current Internet routing tables include over 100,000 different "routes", or address range identifiers.
The performance aspects of network paths to any given address will often have similar characteristics of the network paths to a nearby address. However, the task of identifying address blocks which are acceptably similar in performance characteristic is subtle: network address ranges are typically not directly representative of the underlying network topology.
In most locations, the set of actively used address ranges is a relatively small percentage of the total address ranges available. This set of "active" routes is dynamic, and while technology does exist that can identify the set of active flows, in general these systems are constrained by both significant delays in reporting activity, as well as lack of integration into path selection systems.
Most network routing protocols in production use in the Internet are based on relatively primitive topological metrics such as "hop count" or "link costs". Network performance metrics can include a wide variety of units and scales, which typically do not conveniently map to appropriate routing metrics.

Method and apparatus for the assessment and optimization of network traffic


A method is provided to notify a printer user of a predicted result of a failure without employing dedicated display means. According to the method, information regarding the service situation of a printer P is acquired, the relation between the acquired service situation and a failure is analyzed, the occurrence time, etc. of the failure of the printer P are predicted from the relation, and the result of the prediction is notified to the printer P so as to print the predicted result by employing the print function of the, printer P itself. Thus, the occurrence time, contents, etc. of the failure can be reliably notified to a printer user without employing dedicated display means.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a failure prediction notification printer and a printer management server, a failure prediction notification system employing them, a failure prediction notification program and a failure prediction notification method in which a failure occurrence time is concretely predicted from the service situations of individual printers connected to a network, so as to notify the prediction to users.
2. Background Art
In general, equipment for business use, such as printers, copying machines and facsimiles, often exert serious influence on business due to the occurrence of unexpected failures or troubles.
Therefore, many manufacturers which provide the equipment repeat various tests and improvements and endeavor to thoroughly exclude the causes of the failures and troubles before sales.
In actuality, however, the elimination of the failures and troubles is extremely difficult in relation to unforeseen uses, the years of endurances of the equipment themselves, etc.
It is accordingly reasonable to handle such equipment on the assumption that the failures and troubles will inevitably occur in the future. A recent theme has shifted to how the time at which a failure is considered to actually occur, and the contents of the failure are precisely predicted by immediately acquiring the information of the failures and troubles and making the factors of the occurrences clear.
In, for example, JP-A-8-23408, JP-A-2001-216423, and JP-A-2002-312027, there has been proposed a method wherein a printer and a server are connected by a network, printer information items such as the number of print copies and a turn-ON time period are acquired from the printer through the network, and a high degree of processing is executed on the basis of the acquired printer information by the computer or the like of the server, thereby to perform the precise failure prediction.
Meanwhile, in such a method hitherto proposed, in order to notify a user of a failure prediction result obtained by the computer or the like, the printer needs to include dedicated display means such as an LCD display.
Therefore, the method cannot be applied to a conventional printer which does not include such dedicated display means. For sharing in the benefit of the method, it is necessary to prepare the dedicated display means or to purchase anew the printer including the display means, resulting in the drawback that the cost of introduction becomes high.
Accordingly, the present invention has been made in order to effectively solve such a problem, and an object is to provide a novel failure prediction notification printer and printer management server, failure prediction notification system employing them, failure prediction notification program and failure prediction notification method according to which the occurrence time, contents, etc. of a failure can be reliably notified to printer users, and others without employing dedicated display means such as an LCD display.

Failure prediction notification printer and printer management server, failure prediction notification system employing them, failure prediction notification program, and failure prediction notification method


The invention relates to a process for producing a toothbrush having a body, which comprises a handle region, a head region and a neck region located between the handle region and the head region, and having functional elements which are arranged, at least in part, within the body and comprise an electrically operated functional unit and an electric supply device which has an energy store and is intended for the functional unit, in the case of which the body is produced, by injection molding, from at least one hard component, which serves as a reinforcement, and at least one soft component, and at least some of the functional elements, during the production of the body, are encapsulated, at least in part, directly by the plastic which forms the soft component.

1. Field of Invention
The invention relates to a process for producing a toothbrush having a body, which comprises a handle region, a head region and a neck region located between the handle region and the head region, and having functional elements which are arranged, at least in part, within the body and comprise an electrically operated functional unit and an electric supply device which has an energy store and is intended for the functional unit.
2. Description of Related Art
Such toothbrushes are known in principle. WO 99/63859 A1 describes a toothbrush in the case of which, according to one embodiment, an LED and a switching unit for switching the LED on and off are integrated in a toothbrush handle designed as a light guide, the switching unit comprising a battery, a flexible contact electrode and a flexible membrane. In the region of the membrane of the switching unit, the material of the toothbrush handle has a thin material layer formed over it in order to form a projecting region.
WO 00/07482 A1 concerns the detection of deposits on the teeth. A description is given of a toothbrush in which light-guiding elements are integrated. In this case, the light-guiding elements are integrated in the toothbrush head, which is produced, by injection molding, separately from the toothbrush handle and is then coupled to the toothbrush handle.
WO 99/59462 A1 likewise deals with the detection of deposits on the teeth. In this context, the document also describes a toothbrush with integrated light-guiding elements, although in this document the toothbrush merely plays a minor role.
WO 01/47392 A1 describes a toothbrush which is provided with means which make it possible to establish and monitor the tooth-brushing technique when using the toothbrush.
During the production of such toothbrushes the particular concern is for the functional elements arranged within the body to be positioned correctly and for reliable functioning to be ensured. Since such toothbrushes are mostly produced in large numbers, it is further intended for production to be possible within the framework of cost-effective and efficient mass production. Since, furthermore, the outer appearance of the toothbrush increasingly plays a not inconsiderable part in the decision-making process for buying a toothbrush, the greatest possible freedom of design in respect of the toothbrush is to be possible, and this has to be taken into account during the production of the toothbrush. It is not just a question here of creating an ergonomically advantageous toothbrush which is easy to hold; rather, it is also necessary for the toothbrush to be easy to use, to be capable of being held securely during use and to have a satisfactory surface with a pleasant feel, i.e. the intention is for the user simply to want to pick up the toothbrush.
The toothbrush production described in WO 01/58306 A1 involves comparatively high outlay since use is made of two separate half-shells in the case of which problems may arise in respect of the shells warping and thus of the accuracy of fit and the water-tightness. Furthermore, a plurality of injection molds or a plurality of different cavities are necessary for the shells, on the one hand, and the additionally necessary encapsulation, on the other hand. Moreover, the operation of fitting the functional elements is associated with relatively high outlay.
In the case of the production process described in WO 02/054906 A1, there are only limited design possibilities since use is made of a mold core which is removed following the injection-molding operation, as a result of which the shaping is restricted to essentially cylindrical geometries. In particular, it is only possible to produce toothbrushes with a straight neck region, in order to allow the components to be pushed in from the rear.
WO 01/28452 A1 describes the production of a toothbrush by injection molding with two or more components. A vibration arrangement, connecting lines and further electronic components are positioned as a unit here in a molding injection molded from a first material component, and are then encapsulated by the second material component—or by the further material components—although there is no need for full encapsulation here. Some parts may be exposed, as a result of which it is possible to achieve an aesthetic effect. No further details relating to the injection-molding process or to the material components are given in this document.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


Aspects of the present invention include an apparatus comprising a recognition unit configured to recognize real object in an image. The apparatus may further comprise a determining unit configured to determine a stability indicator indicating a stability of the recognition, and a display control unit configured to modify a display of a virtual object according to the stability indicator.

In recent years, a technique called augmented reality (AR), which presents a user with additional information on the real world in a superimposed manner, has been attracting attention. In the AR technique, presentations of information to the user are sometimes called "annotations," and can be visualized using virtual objects of various forms such as text, icons, or animations. In general AR applications, a virtual object is arranged to be aligned to a position of a real object (e.g., an object present in the real world which may be, for example, recognized in an image of the real world). Further, there are applications capable of arranging virtual objects in an AR space to be aligned to the posture of the real object as well as the position of the real object. For example, Patent Literature 1 ("PTL 1") has proposed a technique capable of suppressing degradation in accuracy of position alignment of a virtual object.

Image processing apparatus, display control method and program


The carbon dioxide sensor includes a CO.sub.2 sensing matrix formed from a hydrophilic, gas permeable, cross-linked polyurethane. The polyurethane matrix is formed from a polyurethane pre-polymer mixture which cross links when mixed with an aqueous carbon dioxide buffer solution. The dye-buffer solution is physically entrapped as a homogeneous dispersion in the polymer matrix. The matrix is applied to the exposed glass core of an optical fiber, which may first be coated with a primer to allow the polyurethane matrix to bond firmly to the tip of the optical fiber. The hydrophilic polymeric matrix is preferably coated with a hydrophobic material to help avoid leaching of the dye from the matrix, and to prevent diffusion of hydronium ions into the sensing matrix. The hydrophobic polymer overcoat may thereafter be cured by heat treatment. The hydrophobic coating may also contain a light reflective material such as TiO.sub.2.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to carbon dioxide gas sensors used in automated chemical analysis and immunological testing. More particularly, the present invention relates to fiber optic sensors incorporating an improved carbon dioxide sensing element with a dye indicator in a polymer matrix suitable to be used in vivo in the body of a human or other animal.
2. Description of Related Art
The development and use of fiber optic sensors is a fast growing and competitive field. The first references to fiber optic sensors for detecting and quantitatively measuring gas concentrations emerged in the mid 1970's. Recent advances in fiber optic technology have increased the activity in the development and use of such sensors.
There is a strong interest in the medical field in developing in vivo sensors. Early efforts were applied in developing in vitro sensors and sensors for industrial uses. Many design criteria are important to the development of in vivo fiber optic sensor elements, requiring consideration of factors such as those related to the inability to control or prepare the sample, and the need to minimize the impact of the sensor's presence on the host organism. Fiber optic sensors must be biocompatible; the sensor must not adversely affect the host organism and the host organism must not adversely affect the sensor. The sensor must be small enough to be compatible with standard arterial devices, such as catheters. Moreover, the sensor must be engineered to be sterile, non-toxic, non-pyrogenic, and as blood compatible as possible.
Fiber optic sensors also must be economically integrable with conventional fiber optic apparatus. It is desirable that the fiber optic sensors be disposable and, therefore, economically inexpensive. Consequently, such sensors must be easy to manufacture, reproducible and simple to calibrate. Although other fiber optic sensors using polymers and indicating dyes have been proposed, many such sensors are too expensive to be considered disposable. Since the polymer chemistry of the sensor requires tedious and time-consuming manufacturing techniques, this also can make the sensors expensive and complex to manufacture, further limiting their use as a disposable.
Carbon dioxide fiber optic sensors are generally based on pH sensor technology. Such carbon dioxide sensors utilize hydrophilic polymers combined with pH fiber optic gas sensors to immobilize a hydrogen ion sensitive dye which is responsive to the carbon dioxide-bicarbonate equilibrium in an aqueous bicarbonate solution exposed to the dye. Semipermeable membranes are used to filter compromising artifacts and other analytes.
Conventional carbon dioxide sensors have incorporated reflectance, absorbance, and fluorescence dye indicators. Although reflectance indicators are well known, they are seldom used in pH or carbon dioxide sensors. A variety of polymeric materials have also been used to immobilize the carbon dioxide indicators for use in fiber optic sensors. When certain absorption indicators, such as phenol red, are in solution with polymers undergoing polymerization, such as acrylamide, the indicator becomes chemically bonded to the polymeric product. Covalent bonding with a polymeric substrate prevents the dye from being washed out of the polymer when exposed to an aqueous environment, such as blood. Covalently bonding the dye or indicator in a hydrophilic polymer substrate is often difficult to achieve and requires additional chemistries to obtain proper covalent bonds. Attempts to eliminate the chemical bonding requirement include creating micro-compartments within the polymer substrate. Covalently bonding a carbon dioxide dye indicator to a polymer and inclusion of a buffer system in the polymeric matrix have heretofore been a difficult, time consuming procedure. It would therefore be desirable to provide an alternative, effective and easy method of making a carbon dioxide sensor incorporating an indicator dye which will not wash out or leach out of the sensor.
Polymeric materials have also been used as a matrix for simply immobilizing fluorescent indicators. Such polymeric materials containing immobilized fluorescent dyes (for example, siloxane-based precursors and fluorescein derivatives) can be bonded to the distal end of optic fibers to provide a gas sensor. Since the indicators respond to any hydrogen ion artifact, such carbon dioxide sensors usually contain a carbon dioxide permeable, hydrophobic membrane. However, curing such hydrophobic membranes often created problems, since heat treatments to cure the polymeric dye indicator matrix can compromise the integrity of the sensor dye indicator material. Production methods known in the art can also create holes and other imperfections which may adversely affect the sensor. Moreover, the polymerization process and subsequent curing methods can often be expensive, cumbersome and unduly time extensive. Conventional fiber optic sensors incorporating polymers in a sensing matrix have used addition-type or condensation-type polymerization techniques to form the basic matrix material. Condensation and addition-type reactions require multiple monomers, catalysts and/or precursors to create the final form of the polymer. Moreover, such reactions are often time consuming, difficult to execute with precision, and are more expensive due to their multicomponent nature. Consequently, a need exists for a fiber optic CO.sub.2 sensor that is easy to manufacture, has consistent geometry and chemistry, is easy to sterilize, is economically produced so that it can be disposable, and can reliably be used in vivo.

CO.sub.2 sensor using a hydrophilic polyurethane matrix and process for manufacturing


Firstly, a permanent wave agent is placed onto the hair and thereafter the hairs are laid into a treatment shape. This treatment shape is such that a subsequent aerating of the hair by means of warm air the hair is exposed to the warm air uniformly from the area of the tips of the hair to the area of the base of the hair. In order to produce, for instance, permanent waves the hair is wound to a treatment shape corresponding to a hollow cylinder, such that an acting onto the hair proceeds from the inner jacket and from the outer jacket as well of the hollow cylinder. After the warm air treatment the permanent wave agent is rinsed out and the hair is released to attain the desired, final shape. The method allows a fast, simple and considerate treatment of the hair, and it is possible to produce much larger curls than hitherto possible.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of a set shaping of hair. It also relates to an apparatus for practicing the method.
2. Description of the Prior Art
It is generally known to stretch natural curls of hair, to uncurl naturally curled hairs to a desired wave shape and also to lay straight hair to curls of varying sizes, i.e. to produce permanent waves by the use of suitable agents or liquids, respectively.
The hitherto commonly known methods can be performed only by a relatively large expenditure of time caused among others by the fact that the hair or strands of hair, respectively, which have been laid to a treatment form suitable for the treatment at elevated temperature are exposed to the airflows of elevated temperature to varying degrees such that no uniform acting by the warm air onto the hair seen in their longitudinal extent occurs and the result thereof is that the total time span for drying the hair is determined by the time span needed for drying those parts of the hair which consume the longest time. Conversely, those sections of the hair which dry first ar quite negatively influenced by the continued feed of the warm or hot, respectively, airflows which actually are no longer needed at those sections. Because it is necessary to dry the hair by means of highly heated air (hood 60.degree. Celsius, hair blower 130.degree. Celsius), a drying out of the skin of the head and of the hair is a result. These drawbacks are specifically obvious when it is taken into consideration that the strands of the hair, for instance, when producing permanent waves are wound around curlers, whereby the areas of the tips of the hair are located in the lowermost location of the wound hair strand and are insulated against the fed hot air by those hair layers lying on top of these lowermost tips. This fact causes also a limitation of the size of the curls of the hair which can be produced.


A method, system, and computer program product for enablement of a phone conversation. The method includes receiving a combined signal including an interference signal and a first voice signal from a first user having a communication with a second user. The interference signal can be used to prevent the first voice signal from being overheard by people near the first user. The first voice signal can be extracted from the combined signal based at least in part on the interference signal and transmitting the extracted first voice signal to the second user. The system and computer program product are also provided.

The present invention relates to communication applications, and more specifically, to phone conversations.
The development of communication technologies has contributed to an insatiable desire for new functionality. Communication applications, especially mobile applications, have become more and more popular in daily life. Making a call is one of the most basic requirements for daily communications. However, people are disturbed by having their conversations overheard especially when making a call in the public areas.

Enablement of a private phone conversation

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION


The invention relates to an emissions control device for a combustion engine aftertreatment arrangement, the emissions control device comprising: a housing configured for accommodating an emissions control substrate; and at least one first opening in the housing, which at least one first opening is configured for receiving a threaded assembling element, which threaded assembling element is configured for assembly of the emissions control device in a cavity of the aftertreatment arrangement. The emissions control device further comprises at least one second opening in the housing, wherein the at least one second opening is provided with a thread, configured for receiving a threaded disassembling element, which threaded disassembling element is configured for disassembly of the emissions control device from the cavity of the aftertreatment arrangement. The invention further relates to a combustion engine aftertreatment arrangement for a vehicle and a method for disassembling an emissions control device.

Combustion engines, such as diesel engines, are used in different types of machines, such as vehicles. However, the combustion engine produces emissions, containing exhaust gases and particulate matter. Various aftertreatment arrangements have been employed in exhaust systems of combustion engines to clean exhaust gases and particulate matter. Diesel particulate filters have been used to remove particulate matter from the exhaust gases emanating from diesel engines. However, substrates inside such emissions control filters may become saturated over time, because of accumulation of particulate matter and other substances on the emissions control substrates. Therefore, the emissions control substrates may need cleaning or replacement.
Disassembling and assembling an emissions control substrate for cleaning or replacement may require the use of special adapted tools. In addition, disassembling and assembling the emissions control substrate may be complicated and time consuming due to the location of the emissions control substrate in the exhaust system. The entire service process of the emissions control substrate may require a significant amount of time and access to special adapted tools, which could be costly.
The document US2010024407 A1 discloses a removable exhaust treatment unit for an aftertreatment assembly. The removable exhaust treatment unit include a housing, at least one exhaust treatment element coupled within the housing, and a flange on one end of the housing. The removable exhaust treatment unit also includes a plurality of apertures on the flange configured to receive a plurality of fasteners. The removable exhaust treatment unit further includes at least one handle coupled to the flange. A seal for axial compression is arranged between the flange and an annular support portion of an enclosure of an emission control filter assembly.

Emissions control device comprising a threaded disassembling element


Exemplary embodiments relate to techniques for providing modifiable views when capturing an image of a video call. When a user takes a picture of a video call (e.g., a screen shot), associated applications may scrape the phone of the call participants to acquire a better-quality image than what might be displayed in the call interface, which may be of reduced quality due to compression and/or bandwidth limitations. Problematically, the layout of the call interface is different on each user's device, which can cause the resulting screenshot to not look as expected. Exemplary embodiments therefore place the data scraped from each device into movable elements, which can be rearranged on the screen to alter the layout (even post-capture). Moreover, new layouts are possible, potentially with additional graphical elements. In some embodiments, information gathered from a user's social networking information can determine the layout parameters.

Some communications services allow users to engage in video calls on mobile and/or non-mobile devices (e.g., mobile phones, dedicated devices, television sets, computers, etc.). Video calls are presented in a user interface. Typical interfaces show a preview of the video feed being broadcast from the local user device, a primary view that shows the currently-speaking user, optional secondary views that show the other participants in the call and/or a roster that depict static images of the other participants.

Methods and systems for configuring multiple layouts of video capture


For a serial inkjet printing apparatus that performs printing by employing ink having different properties, the occurrence of smear is prevented without decreasing the printing speed more than necessary. A high duty area, i.e., a unit area for which a large amount of ink is applied, is detected in a preceding printing medium. Then, while taking into account the scanning direction (ink application order) in which the detected high duty area has been printed, the period until the following printing medium is permitted to contact the high duty area is determined. Then, during printing of the following printing medium, the printing operation is delayed, so that, within the determined period of time, the following printing medium does not contact the high duty area of the preceding printing medium.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an inkjet printing apparatus, an inkjet printing method and an inkjet printing system. Particularly, the present invention relates to an inkjet printing apparatus that performs printing by reciprocally scanning a printing medium using printing heads that discharge inks of a plurality of different types, and an inkjet printing method and an inkjet printing system.
2. Description of the Related Arts
The serial type inkjet printing apparatuses produced today are widely accepted and employed by the general public, primarily because they are compact and are relatively low priced, a result of their comparatively inexpensive designs and construction. These serial type inkjet printing apparatuses are designed to sequentially form images on a printing medium by alternately conveying the printing medium and scanning it with a printing head.
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view provided for explaining the arrangement of a serial type inkjet printing apparatus. Reference numberal 22 is a collective designation for six color printing heads, 22K, 22LC, 22C, 22LM, 22M and 22Y, for respectively discharging ink in the colors black (K), light cyan (LC), cyan (C), light magenta (LM), magenta (M) and yellow (Y). As shown in FIG. 2, the six color printing heads 22 are arranged in the main scanning direction (a direction indicated by an arrow B).
Upon receiving a printing start instruction, the printing heads 22, positioned as shown in FIG. 2 (at a home position), move across (scan) a printing medium 1 in the direction indicated by the arrow B (in the forward scanning direction), while simultaneously printing, as shown in FIG. 13, a belt-like image area (a band) having a width corresponding to the array range of the discharge ports in the printing heads 22. While scanning in the forward scanning direction (forward scanning) is being performed, ink is deposited on the printing medium 1 in the order black, light cyan, cyan, light magenta, magenta and yellow. Then, when the printing of one scan (one band) has been completed, to prepare for the printing of another band, a conveying roller 3 is rotated to convey the printing medium 1 a predetermined distance in the direction indicated by an arrow A in FIG. 1B. This time the printing head unit 2 deposits ink while moving back toward the home position (in the reverse scanning direction indicated by the arrow B) and prints another band. During the reverse scanning, the order in which ink is deposited on the printing medium 1 is the reverse of that in which it is deposited during the forward scanning, i.e., in the order yellow, magenta, light magenta, cyan, light cyan and black. Then, during a period following the completion of the most recent scanning and before the next scanning is started, the conveying of the printing medium 1 is performed by the rotation of the conveying roller 3. When the above described operation for the scanning of a band and the conveying of a printing medium a predetermined distance is repeatedly performed, a desired image can be formed on the printing medium 1.
Recently, as one means for improving the work efficiency of printer users, there have been requests for further increases in printing speeds. However, since most inkjet printing apparatuses employ water-based liquid inks, a specific fixing period is required to permit ink deposited on a printing medium to dry. This fixing period is required because when the ink in a printing area is not completely dry and it is overlapped by another printing medium, the printing area is smudged and so-called smearing occurs. Therefore, when seeking to increase printing speeds, the resolution of the smearing problem is an important problem.
Several solutions for reducing smearing have been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publications No. 07-205416, No. 11-309847 No. 2002-337319 and No. 08-112893).
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 07-205416, disclosed is a method whereby a high density printing area on the most recently printed page is detected, and a period during which a subsequent page is to be kept from contacting this printing area is determined. Then, the printing of the following page is delayed until the fixing of the printing area on the preceding page has been completed, so as to prevent the following page from contacting the printing area during the determined period of time. According to this method, if the fixing of the high density printing area has been completed, the printing of the following page that will contact it is not delayed. On the other hand, if the fixing of the high density printing area has not been completed, the printing of the following page is delayed.
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 11-309847, disclosed is a technique whereby, in addition to the configuration described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 07-205416, the area of the following page for which printing is to be delayed is changed in accordance with the printing ratio for the following page.
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-337319, disclosed is a technique whereby, in addition to the configuration described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 07-205416, the timing for the delay in the printing of the following page is changed in accordance with the sheet size of the following page.
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 08-112893, disclosed is a method for setting a specified period in accordance with the type of printing medium. Then, as a succeeding printing medium is being conveyed within the specified period, either the printing operation or the conveying of the printing medium is halted, so that the succeeding printing medium, which is yet to be discharged. is prevented from contacting the previously discharged printing medium.
When one of these methods is employed, an image can be printed for which the possibility of smearing is reduced, while a major control mechanism is not especially required for the printing apparatus and the printing speed is not reduced more than is actually necessary.
Recently, in order to improve both the quality of black characters and the quality of a color photographic image, many inkjet printing apparatuses have been provided in which black ink and color inks having different properties in permeation and diffusion can be mounted. For example, a printing apparatus is provided wherein a pigment is employed as black ink and dyes are employed as other color inks, and an inkjet printing apparatus is provided that employs low permeant black ink and high permeant ink in other colors. Furthermore, in order to improve the quality of a printed image, an inkjet printing apparatus is also provided wherein a liquid that reacts with ink is mounted, or wherein a plurality of inks that react with each other are mounted (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-307671). In this case, ambiguity (e.g., feathering) at the edges of black characters and color bleeding are prevented, as is excessive permeation of printing medium by ink. As a result, a high quality, high density images can be obtained.
When the above described different types of ink (or liquids) are mounted in a serial inkjet printing apparatus, as shown in FIG. 2, and bidirectional printing is performed, the order in which ink is provided differs for forward scanning and for reverse scanning. And in such a case, according to a study performed by the present inventors, it was found that there is a difference in the fixing times required for an image printed during forward scanning and an image printed during reverse scanning.
The methods described in the above patent documents, however, do not take into account the resultant difference in fixing times when the order in which ink is provided differs. Therefore, when the methods described in these patent documents are applied, periods that is longer than necessary are required to resolve smearing. That is, for an image printed using both forward scanning and reverse scanning, the printing process must be adjusted to prevent smearing in the portions of the image that require longer fixing times. Therefore, in the interest of providing shorter printing times, further improvements are required.

Inkjet printing apparatus, inkjet printing method and inkjet printing system


A negative pressure dust collector with a dust receiving bag comprises a ventilation hood and an exhaust device. The ventilation hood includes a motor, fan blades, and a first exit. A dust collection tank is positioned below the first exit. The exhaust device comprises a ventilation tube and a flexible tube.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a negative pressure dust collector, particularly to one capable of smoothly inflating a dust receiving bag.
2. Description of the Prior Art
As disclosed in Taiwan Patent No. M329475 shown in FIG. 1, a conventional dust collector includes a platform 1, an exhaust fan 2, a dust collection tank 3 and a filtration tank 4. The platform 1 is positioned in the intermediate portion of the dust collector, formed hollow, and provided with a suction tube 11 extended out of its circumferential wall and an opening 12 formed in its bottom to communicate with the suction tube 11. The exhaust fan 2 is provided with a motor 21 fixed next to the opening 12 of the platform 1, and a fan 22 positioned in the platform 1 and connected with the motor 21. The dust collection tank 3 is provided with an opening formed at the top for matching with the opening 12 of the platform 1 to communicate with the hollow interior of the platform 1, and a dust collection bag 31 placed in the interior. The filtration tank 4 is positioned right above the dust collection tank 3, with an opening formed downward to match with the opening 12 of the platform 1 to communicate with the platform 1. A suction tube 42 has its one end connected with an outer wall of the filtration tank 4 and the other end extended inside the interior of the platform 4. The main improvement of the conventional dust collector is that a connecting tube 41 is linked between the wall of the dust collection tank 3 and that of the suction tube 42. In using, when the exhaust fan 2 is turned on, it starts forcing the suction tube 11 and the connecting tube 41 sucked so that the air inside the dust collection tank 3 is to be sucked away to keep the dust collection bag 31 closely attached on the inner wall of the dust collection tank 3. However, as the opening of the connecting tube 41 is perpendicular to the flowing direction of the air sucked, suction in the connecting tube 41 cannot so effectively be achieved that the dust collection bag 31 may be reduced in sucking force.

Negative pressure dust collector with a dust receiving bag smoothly inflatable


An axial-flow type impedance water flow sensor comprises a water wheel (3), a cyclone (4), a metal detection needle (7) and a detection circuit. The cyclone (4) is mounted at a water inlet side (5) of a water pipe (1), a bracket (2) is mounted at a water outlet side (6) of the water pipe (1), and the water wheel (3) is movably mounted between the bracket (2) and the cyclone (4). The water wheel (3) is provided with at least two blades (3-2) that are arranged uniformly. An upper end portion and a lower end portion (3-1, 3-4) of a rotation shaft of the water wheel (3) are fixedly connected to a center of the bracket (2) and a center of the cyclone (4) respectively through a bearing. A metal detection needle (7) is mounted on a wall of the water pipe corresponding to the water wheel (3), and has one end surface located on an inner wall surface of the water pipe (1) and the other end being connected to a signal input end of the detection circuit. The axial-flow type impedance water flow sensor can accurately detect the water flow without being affected by the water quality and impurities in the water. Moreover, less wear occurs between the shaft of the water wheel and the bearing, and the water wheel has low inertia and low cost.

Nowadays, water flow sensors provided on tankless gas water heater for detecting water flow include mainly ones of axial-flow type and ones of lateral-flow type. Both of them are configured to detect water flow by a Hall element in accordance with pulse signal generated due to polarity change of a magnet, while a position of the magnet is variable with rotation of a blade wheel impelled by water.
The axial-flow type water flow sensor is provided at a water inlet with a cyclone formed by a plurality of turbine-like fixed blades. One-way flow of water through the cyclone is converted into a rotational flow, which brings magnetic blades of a water wheel into rotation, while a Hall element is configured to detect the water flow in accordance with pulse signal generated due to polarity change of the magnetic blades. This type of water flow sensor has advantages including: there is a good linear relation between the water flow and a rotational speed of the magnetic blades, while the rotational speed is stable; the blade wheel is under uniform stress in radial direction, and is merely under impelling stress from waterflow in axial direction, thus there may be a small radial wear between a shaft of the blade wheel and a bearing after long-term use, while an axial wear may not cause adverse effects on an operation thereof since there is enough wear allowance remained on an upper bearing of the rotational shaft of the blade wheel, which guarantees a long lifespan and a stable operation. However, disadvantages of this type of water flow sensor includes: irony impurities in tap water may be adhered to the magnetic water wheel; even if providing a high-strength magnet at the water inlet to make an attempt to remove ferromagnetic impurities from the water, a lot of irony impurities may still be adhered to the magnetic water wheel after long term operation, so that the water wheel may be jammed and unable to run smoothly. Meanwhile, a thickness of the blade of the magnetic water wheel is required to be more than 2 mm, thus there may be a relative large impact force in axial direction applied on the water wheel by water during operation.
The lateral-flow type water flow sensor is provided with a passage for water inflow and outflow at one side of blades of a water wheel, and the water wheel is rotated by impact from the waterflow. A magnet located at another side of a shaft of the water wheel and separated from the water wheel is brought into rotation by the water wheel, while a Hall element may detect a water flow according to polarity change of the magnet which is in synchronous rotation with the water wheel. Its advantage lies in that the magnet can be separated from the water wheel and the water passage. However, a linear relation between a rotation speed of the water wheel and a water flow is not good enough, so that detection accuracy may be affected. Moreover, since the blades of the water wheel are impelled by the waterflow from a single side, wear may be apt to occur between the shaft of the water wheel and a bearing which largely suffer from force in radial direction of the water wheel, and thus the lifespan may be shortened.
For those two types of water flow sensors mentioned above, the water wheel thereof may have its mass increased due to presence of the magnet, and the inertia may be increased, thus a response speed to a transient variation of the water flow may be decreased.

Axial-flow type impedance water flow sensor


A construction for insulating the head-of-wall joint between a wall and a floor or roof thereabove which utilizes an insulating gasket construction positionable between the ceiling track and the building structure thereabove. The insulating gasket member includes two L-shaped sections which includes co-operate to firestop both outwardly facing sides of a head-of-wall joint, but which can also be used singly. Each L-shaped section is attached to an associated side section which extends over the outwardly facing surfaces of a ceiling track with being attached thereto. Each L-shaped insulation gasket section can include securement mechanism such as adhesive on the undersurface of the main upper horizontal portion to facilitate attachment to the top of the track therebelow and can be attached to an adjacent similarly configured L-shaped section by one or more connecting straps extending through slits defined therein.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention pertains with the general field of acoustical or firestopping insulating including, possibly, intumescent or felt-type material components for resisting the spreading of fire, heat and smoke and, alternatively, inhibiting sound transmission therethrough. In the prior art various systems were utilized for the purposes of achieving insulation of head-of-wall joints but all have been proved to be inadequate for various reasons. For example, traditionally mineral wool has been installed or coatings or sealants have been applied in these in these areas for achieving firestop sealing and for acoustical sealing various different materials have been used to prevent sound transmission. Also, the use of tape which includes an intumescent component has been applied to the downwardly facing portion of outwardly extending flanges of the track for firestopping. These systems include various important disadvantages. Such prior art heat-of wall insulating attempts have required an extensive amount of manual labor at the job site during installation and they are subject to variation in installation techniques which can possibly lead to substandard insulation due to human error installation personnel. Also, when using insulating tape and other similar materials, the metal tracks often require a use of a unique construction on the exterior surface of the metal track. Such unique configurations can include predefined recessed areas or the like which identifies a specific location for the placement of an intumescent and/or acoustic layer of insulation material such as in the form of a tape which, thusly, requires extreme accuracy in placement of the tape of the like. One of the advantages of the apparatus of the present invention is that it is usable with conventionally OEM metal track construction, particularly those used with walls configurations having double studs or larger studs rather than requiring a specially designed metal header track construction. More particularly, the present invention does not require any customized design for the ceiling runner, primarily, because the present construction is designed used without being attached to the track side surfaces sections in any manner whatsoever. Particularly, the present design is very adaptable to applications which allow for some amount relative movement between wall and ceiling components which define the head-of-wall area therebetween during normal expansion and contraction of building materials.
In particular, as the head-of-wall joint moves responsive to normal expansion and contraction of other building components, the insulating tape and/or the coatings of insulating material which are attached directly to the surfaces of the downwardly extending side sections of the ceiling track can become dislodged from components of the head-of-wall area, that is, particularly dislodging from the surfaces of the downwardly extending side sections of the track or runner. The insulation of the present construction is attached only to the outside surface of the top horizontal portion of the track in most applications. In certain other applications, the side pieces can be attached mechanically to the lowermost edge of the downwardly extending side portions of the track. However attachment is never made directly to the outer facing surface of the vertically extending portions of the metal header tracker. Also, prior art configurations do not specifically address the issue of variations in the contour or profile of the ceiling or roof area which comes into direct abutment with the upper portion of the metal track. Such variations in the configuration of the building construction in this area can form gaps between the track and the adjacent roof or ceiling undersurface area which are problematical are not adequately addressed by the insulation configurations of all prior art insulating designs.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Many patents have been granted for various constructions for insulating head-of-wall joints such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,010,702 patented Apr. 30, 1991 to T. L. Daw et al and assigned to Daw Technologies, Inc. on a "Modular Wall System"; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,127,203 patented Jul. 7, 1992 to R. F. Paquette on a "Seismic/Fire Resistant Wall Structure and Method"; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,755,066 patented May 26, 1998 to D. W. Becker on a "Slip Track Assembly; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,913,788 patented Jun. 22, 1999 to T. R. Herren on a "Fire Blocking And Seismic Resistant Wall Structure"; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,921,041 patented Jul. 13, 1999 to J. D. Egri, II on a "Bottom Track For Wall Assembly"; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,950,385 patented Sep. 14, 1999 to T. R. Herren on an "Interior Shaft Wall Construction"; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,058,668 patented May 9, 2000 to T. R. Herren on a "Seismic And Fire-Resistant Head-of-Wall Structure"; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,176,053 patented Jan. 23, 2001 to Roger C. A. St. Germain and assigned to Robert C. A. St. Germain on a "Wall Track Assembly And Method For Installing The Same"; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,043,880 patented May 16, 2006 to M. D. Morgan et al and assigned to W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. on "In Situ Molded Thermal Barriers"; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,152,385 patented Dec. 26, 2006 to M. D. Morgan et al and assigned to W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. on "In Situ Molded Thermal Barriers"; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,240,905 patented Jul. 10, 2007 to J. P. Stahl, Sr. and assigned to Specified Technologies, Inc. on a "Method And Apparatus For Sealing A Joint Gap Between Two Independently Movable Structural Substrates"; and U. S. Patent Publication No. 2009/0178363 published Jul. 16, 2009 to D. A. Pilz et al and assigned to California Expanded Metal Products Company on an "Exterior Wall Construction Product"; and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009/0223159 published Sep. 10, 2009 to Mark Colon on a "Fire Block And Thermal Barrier System For Fluted Metal Decks"; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,617,643 patented Nov. 17, 2009 to D. A. Pilz et al and assigned to California Expanded Metal Products Company on a "Fire-Rated Wall Construction Product"; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,681,365 patented Mar. 23, 2010 to J. A. Klein on "Head-Of-Wall Fireblock Systems And Related Wall Assemblies"; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,752,817 patented Jul. 13, 2010 to D. A. Pilz et al and assigned to California Expanded Metal Products Company on a "Two-Piece Track System"; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,814,718 patented Oct. 19, 2010 to J. A. Klein on "Head-Of-Wall Fireblocks"; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,866,108 patented Jan. 11, 2011 to J. A. Klein on "Head-Of-Wall Fireblock Systems And Related Wall Assemblies"; and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011/0011019 published Jan. 20, 2011 to James P. Stahl, Jr. et al and assigned to Specified Technologies Inc. on a "Firestopping Sealing Means For Use With Gypsum Wallboard In Head-Of-Wall Construction"; and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011/0113709 published May 19, 2011 to D. A. Pilz et al and assigned to California Expanded Metal Products Company on a "Wall Gap Fire Block Device, System and Method"; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,950,198 patented May 31, 2011 to D. A. Pilz et al and assigned to California Expanded Metal Products Company on a "Fire-Rated Wall Construction Product"; and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011/0185656 published Aug. 4, 2011 to J. A. Klein on a "Fire Retardant Cover For Fluted Roof Deck"; and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011/0214371 published Sep. 8, 2011 on an "Offset Leg Framing Element For Fire Stop Applications" to James A. Klein; and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011/0247281 published Oct. 13, 2011 to D. A. Pilz et al and assigned to California Expanded Metal Products Company on a "Fire-Rated Wall Construction Product"; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,056,293 patented Nov. 15, 2011 to James A. Klein on "Head-Of-Wall Fireblock Systems And Related Wall Assemblies" and U.S. Pat. No. 8,181,404 patented May 22, 2012 to James Alan Klein on "Head-Of-Wall Fireblocks And Related Wall Assemblies"; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,298,967 patented Oct. 30, 2012 on an "Exterior Finishing System And Building Wall Containing A Corrosion-Resistant Enhanced Thickness Fabric" to William F. Egan et al and assigned to BASF Corporation; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,316,605 patented Nov. 27, 2012 to Craig Oberg on "Insulated Metal Roofing And Wall Systems And Related Methods"; and United States Patent Publication No. 2013/0008104 published Jan. 10, 2013 to Michele Caboni on "Building Construction For Making Transpirable Walls and Floors"; and United States Patent Publication 2013/0034683 published Feb. 7, 2013 to Hans Kramer et al on a "Foam Insulation Unit"; and United States Patent Publication No. 2013/0074432 published Mar. 28, 2013 to Romeo Ilarian Ciuperca on an "Insulated Concrete Form And Method Of Using Same".

Adjustable head-of-wall insulation construction for use with wider wall configurations


An exerciser including a generally horizontal top frame having a front end, a column supporting the top frame, a movable frame mounted on the top frame and movable between the front end of the top frame and the column, the movable frame having two spaced vertical hollow frame sections and a cross frame section interconnecting lowermost ends of the vertical hollow frame sections, two push arms connected privotally to the movable frame and capable of being pivoted toward each other, and a stop rod extending frontward from the column below the top frame so as to limit movement of the movable frame toward the column. The exerciser further includes a first locking unit which is operable to prevent movement of the movable frame relative to the top frame and a second locking unit which is operable to prevent movement of the push arms relative to the movable frame.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an exerciser, more particularly to an improved exerciser of the type having multiple exercise units that include a two-in-one exercise station which si constructed to facilitate a change from one exercise mode to another.
2. Description of the Related Art
Referring to FIG. 1, a conventional universal gym is shown to include a plurality of exercise units, such as a press unit (N), a butterfly unit (O), a leg curl/extension unit (P) and a high pull unit (Q), installed on the main frame (M) of the universal gym. A stack of rectangular weights (R) are slide-mounted on a pair of vertical guide roads (M1) and are connected to each of the exercise units (N,O,P,Q) by means of cables (S) and pulley sets (T). The structure of this kind of conventional universal gym is complicated, and a large space for installing and operating the same is required.
To reduce the aforementioned problems, some improvements are provided. As best illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, a conventional multipurpose exerciser has a press unit that incorporates a butterfly unit. The exerciser includes a horizontal top frame (U) which has a front end and which is supported by a column (X). A movable frame includes two spaced vertical frame sections (V) and a cross frame section (V1) that interconnects lowermost ends of the vertical frame sections (V). A bar (U1) interconnects uppermost ends of the vertical frame sections (V) and is mounted on the top frame (U) in such a manner that the movable frame is movable between the front end of the top frame (U) and the column (X). A stop rod (X1) extends frontward from the column (X) below the top frame (U) so as to limit movement of the movable frame toward the column (X). Two push arms (V3) are connected pivotally and respectively to two ends of the cross frame section (V1) by means of a pivot pin (V2). A positioning plate (W) extends upward from the cross frame section (V1) and is located between the vertical frame sections (V) of the movable frame. The positioning plate (W) has a guide slit (W1) that extends from an upper end to a lower end portion thereof. A pivot seat (Y) is secured on the stop rod (X1). A pivot rod (Y1) is threaded externally at one end (Y2) and is mounted pivotally on the pivot seat (Y) at the other end. A nut (Y3) engages threadably the pivot rod (Y1) and is movable axially relative to the pivot rod (Y1). When the pivot rod (Y1) is pivoted and is inserted selectively into the guide slit (W1) of the positioning plate (W), the nut (Y3) is rotated to move toward the pivot seat (Y) along the pivot rod (Y1) so as to abut against the positioning plate (W) in order to prevent the movement of the movable frame relative to the top frame (U). Thus, the exerciser is in a butterfly unit mode, and the push arms (V3) can be pivoted toward each other. When the nut (Y3) is rotated to move away from the pivot seat (Y) along the pivot rod (Y1), the pivot rod (Y1) can be disengaged from the guide slit (W1) in such a manner that the exerciser is in a press unit mode so that the movable frame can be moved between the column (X) and the front end of the top frame (U). The aforementioned improvement still has the following drawbacks:
1. It is inconvenient for a user to operate the pivot rod (Y1) and the nut (Y3) when the exerciser is changed from the press unit mode to the butterfly unit mode, or vice versa.
2. In the press unit mode, relative movement between the cross frame section (V1) and the push arms (V3) occurs when the movable frame is moved from the column (X) to the front end of the top frame (U).
3. Untimely disengagement of the pivot rod (Y1) from the guide slit (W1) in the positioning plate (W) may occur due to improper operation of the nut (Y3).

No. 1-9, Ting-Liao, San Ho Tsuen, Shui-Shang Hsiang


A work vehicle includes one or more leanable wheels, in which the lean angle of each leanable wheel is automatically controlled according to one or more external factors. Factors influencing the lean angle of each leanable wheel may include: draft load arising from externally imposed forces, such as forces arising from moving earthen materials with a vehicle-mounted moldboard; the rotational position of such a moldboard with respect to direction of travel; turning radius of the vehicle during a turning maneuver; engine speed and/or transmission gear; and the angle of the vehicle itself with respect to vertical (i.e., whether the vehicle is on sloped ground). A control system may automatically adjust wheel-lean depending on inputs indicative of any combination of the above-mentioned external factors.

A typical motor grader has two front traction wheels (a left and a right) which can lean relative to neutral to one side or the other such that each front wheel assumes a present wheel-lean angle from neutral. Wheel-lean is provided in order to counteract lateral forces (i.e., side-draft) caused by a moldboard angle of the moldboard of the motor grader.
Moldboard angle may be used in a variety of applications, ditching (i.e., cutting a ditch) and road maintenance (e.g., snow removal) being but two examples. Ditching typically involves large lateral forces, more so than typical road maintenance involving less material, and thus calls for more wheel-lean than road maintenance. For example, it is known for an operator to perform a first job at a first job site (e.g., ditching) using wheel-lean at a first wheel-lean angle, transition to a second job site with zero wheel-lean (e.g., traveling over the road), and perform a second job at a second job site (e.g., road maintenance) with wheel-lean at a second wheel-lean angle different from the first wheel-lean angle. Wheel-lean is sometimes changed when turning between passes to sharpen the turn. Wheel-lean is also used to make small steering corrections.
Neutral for a front traction wheel may assume a variety of orientations. It is known for neutral to be a normal to the surface on which the front wheels are positioned (e.g., the ground), the normal being vertical in the case of a flat, horizontal surface. Positive or negative camber can also be used.
The front wheels of a typical motor grader are leanable from neutral in order to change a present wheel-lean angle of the front wheels. With respect to each front wheel, a zero present wheel-lean angle means that the center-line of the wheel running through the top and bottom of the wheel is at neutral such that the present wheel-lean angle of the wheel relative to neutral is zero degrees. A non-zero present wheel-lean angle means that the wheel center-line is leaning or angled laterally to the left or right from neutral.
In some cases, the front wheels may be connected to one another for coordinated wheel-lean of the front wheels. For example, some motor graders have a front axle coupled pivotally to the main frame of the front section of the motor grader. At each end of the front axle is a yoke coupled pivotally to the axle. The left and right yokes are coupled pivotally respectively to left and right spindles using respective upper and lower kingpins. The left and right spindles are fastened respectively to left and right final drives, which are, in turn fastened respectively to the left and right front wheels. A hydraulic wheel-lean cylinder is coupled pivotally to the front axle and to, for example, the left yoke. The front wheels are connected to one another via a wheel-lean bar coupled to the yokes such that extension or retraction of the wheel-lean cylinder causes the present wheel-lean angles of the front wheels to change. The front wheels are thus coupled to opposite ends of a front axle to move relative thereto to lean at a present wheel-lean angle from neutral.
A human operator can control wheel-lean from the operator's station with an input device (e.g., a control lever), which may be operatively connected to a controller. One example system and method for manually controlling the angle of wheel-lean is described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,412,420, filed Dec. 14, 2010 and entitled Wheel Lean Control, the entire disclosure of which is hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference.
In addition to wheel-lean controls, a motor grader operator may control several other machine systems and variables. In some cases, multiple machine systems must be controlled simultaneously. For example, when changing direction during a grading operation, a motor grader operator may make adjustments to one or more of the following controls: right hand blade lift, left hand blade lift, rotational orientation of the moldboard, articulation and steering of the front and rear of the vehicle, moldboard side-shift, circle side-shift, vehicle speed, and transmission gear. In some instances, the need to manage these various factors simultaneously may impose a barrier to productivity.

Vehicle with automatically leanable wheels


A semiconductor assembly comprises a semiconductor wafer, an adhesive coating disposed on the back side of the wafer, and a bare dicing tape, preferably UV radiation transparent. The assembly is prepared by the method comprising (a) providing a semiconductor wafer, (b) disposing a wafer back side coating on the semiconductor wafer, (c) partially curing the wafer back side coating to the extent that it adheres to the back side of the wafer and remains tacky, and (d) contacting the bare dicing tape to the partially cured and tacky wafer back side coating, optionally with heat and pressure.

This invention relates to the use of die attach adhesive, applied to the back side of a semiconductor wafer, to adhere a dicing tape to the wafer. The dicing tape supports the semiconductor during the dicing operations that singulate the wafer into individual semiconductor dies.
In a conventional process for fabricating semiconductor dies, a semiconductor wafer is processed to form a plurality of circuits on the top side of the wafer, and in later steps, the wafer is separated into individual dies along prescribed dicing lines. The individual die is attached to its chosen substrate by an adhesive applied between the back side of the die and the substrate. The adhesive is known as a die attach adhesive.
Rather than apply the die attach adhesive to the individual dies, it is more efficient to apply the adhesive to the back side of the wafer before dicing. Coated onto the semiconductor wafer, the die attach adhesive is known as a wafer back side coating.
In order to support the semiconductor wafer coated with the back side coating during the dicing operation, a support tape, known as a dicing tape, is adhered to the back side coating of the wafer. After coating, the wafer back side adhesive is B-staged, that is, partially cured to a less tacky state. The dicing tape typically comprises at least two layers, one being the carrier tape and the other being an adhesive film for contacting and adhering to the back side coating.
During the dicing operation, the dicing blade moves at tens of thousands revolutions per minute, creating a locally high temperature along the dicing lines. This higher temperature causes the tacky wafer back side coating to soften and mix with the dicing tape adhesive, potentially reducing the reliability of the wafer back side coating as a die attach adhesive.
This invention is an improvement on the assembly of dicing tape and semiconductor wafer coated on its back side with a die attach adhesive.

Wafer back side coating as dicing tape adhesive


A rigid jounce bumper includes a body and at least one support segment projecting axially from an end of the body. The rigid jounce bumper is formed from a substantially non-elastic material such that the rigid jounce bumper can support axially-applied loads without undergoing substantial axial deflection. The at least one support segment is capable of displacement relative to the body when under laterally-applied loads. A gas spring assembly having such a rigid jounce bumper is also included.

The subject matter of the present disclosure broadly relates to the art of vehicle suspension systems and, more particularly, to a rigid jounce bumper that is capable of providing substantially rigid support of axially-applied loads and also capable of lateral deflection under laterally-applied loads. A gas spring assembly including such a rigid jounce bumper is also disclosed.
Wheeled motor vehicles of most types and kinds include a sprung mass, such as a body or chassis, for example, and an unsprung mass, such as two or more axles or other wheel-engaging members, for example, with a suspension system disposed therebetween. Typically, a suspension system will include a plurality of spring devices as well as a plurality of damping devices that together permit the sprung and unsprung masses of the vehicle to move in a somewhat controlled manner relative to one another. Movement of the sprung and unsprung masses toward one another is normally referred to in the art as jounce motion while movement of the sprung and unsprung masses away from one another is commonly referred to in the art as rebound motion.
Generally, the range of motion of a suspension system extends between a first or fully compressed condition and a second or fully extended condition. To eliminate contact between opposing portions of the sprung and unsprung masses, contact between opposing portions of components of the suspension system or contact between any combination thereof, jounce bumpers are commonly installed on one or more portions of the vehicle to prevent such opposing portions from directly impacting one another. Thus, during jounce motion of the suspension system, an opposing component will contact the jounce bumper rather than impacting the component on or near which the jounce bumper is mounted.
Jounce bumpers of a variety of types, kinds and configurations have been developed and are commonly used. Though the size and shape of jounce bumpers vary widely, known jounce bumpers can generally be grouped into two categories, namely, compliant jounce bumpers and rigid jounce bumpers. The former are commonly formed from materials capable of relatively high deflections under load, and are often formed from rubber or elastomeric foam compounds.
Generally, compliant jounce bumpers act to cushion or otherwise soften the impact that would otherwise be associated with a sudden movement toward a full jounce condition. As such, compliant jounce bumpers are well suited for use in relatively light duty applications, such as use in the suspension systems of passenger vehicles and light trucks, for example, where ride comfort is a more significant factor. Additionally, the materials from which such compliant jounce bumpers are formed is normally capable of withstanding at least some amount of lateral deflection, such as would be due to a laterally-applied load, without undergoing permanent deformation or another undesirable alteration of its performance characteristics. Furthermore, suspension systems used in passenger and other light-duty applications typically permit a relatively small or otherwise reduced amount of lateral displacement, which is normally well within the capability of known compliant jounce bumpers to withstand.
Unfortunately, the elastomeric materials that result in compliant jounce bumpers being so well suited for high-comfort, light-duty applications have generally been found to be quite poorly suited for high-load and/or heavy-duty applications. One exemplary reason for such a lack of suitability for use in heavy-duty applications relates to the elastomeric nature of the material itself. More specifically, for a given compliant jounce bumper to have a suitable compressed height (i.e., a compressed height that will be sufficient to inhibit contact between opposing suspension components under a heavy load), the corresponding free height of such a given compliant jounce bumper would likely be great enough to adversely effect the overall travel or other performance characteristics of the suspension system. Said differently, the elastomeric material would have to compress so much to support the high-load condition that the unloaded height of the material could result in the compliant jounce bumper undesirably interfering with the performance of the suspension system or components thereof.
Other exemplary difficulties with the use of compliant jounce bumpers under high-load and/or heavy-duty conditions involve the performance of such compliant bumpers when contacted at relatively high angles. As has been previously mentioned, in order to support a substantial load at a given height, a compliant bumper must possess a taller free height due to its high level of axial strain. Many suspension geometries allow the mounting spring surfaces to articulate at an angle relative to one another, such as in a trailing arm-type suspension, for example. On such suspensions, a taller compliant jounce bumper would contact the opposing structural member much earlier in the suspension travel and at a greater angle. When contacted at a relatively high angle, such as an angle of about 10 degrees or more, for example, a compliant jounce bumper will deflect laterally. This can undesirably increase the possibility of interference with other components and can also undesirably reduces suspension travel. In contrast, a less compliant jounce bumper would be able to utilize a lower free height and would normally contact the opposing structural member at a later point during suspension travel. Thus, the structural member will typically contact a less-compliant jounce bumper at a lower angle which will thereby minimize the aforementioned issues with compliant jounce bumper. One further issue involves maintaining the attachment of such compliant jounce bumpers on a corresponding securement feature under such high levels of lateral displacement and contact angle.
Oppositely, rigid jounce bumpers are commonly formed from materials that deflect a relatively small amount under load, such as high strength and/or fiber reinforced plastic materials, for example. Rigid jounce bumpers are not normally considered to be well suited for use in light duty applications (e.g., passenger vehicle applications) because of the minimal deflection and corresponding ride harshness that is associated with the use of such jounce bumpers. However, rigid jounce bumpers are well suited for heavy duty applications, such as in truck, tractor-trailer and other over-the-road vehicle applications, for example, where it is desirable to provide a sacrificial component that can prevent impacts between more permanent and/or expensive components. Additionally, it is often desirable to lower trucks, trailers or other vehicle bodies onto the jounce bumpers to provide a solid foundation for loading and/or unloading of the vehicle body.
Unfortunately, known rigid jounce bumpers are not well suited for accommodating laterally-applied or side load conditions. One example of such a condition can occur when a rigid jounce bumper is axially compressed between opposing structural members and the structural members are then moved laterally relative to one another. Such an action is sometimes referred to in the art as a "scrub load" and can generate a shearing action on the rigid jounce bumper that can result in permanent deformation or other undesirable alterations in the jounce bumper due to the highly rigid (i.e., substantially non-elastomeric) nature of the material forming the same. Accordingly, it is believed desirable to develop a rigid jounce bumper that overcomes the foregoing and other disadvantages of known constructions.

Rigid jounce bumper and gas spring assembly including same


The present invention relates to Production of transgenic tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) through biolistic.

Tea is a popular caffeine containing beverage with anti-cancerous properties (Jankun, J., Selman, S. H., Swiercz, R. Why drinking green tea could prevent cancer. Nature 5:561; 1997). Tea is also an important employment generator and a major foreign exchange earner in all the tea growing areas of the world (Wilson, K. C. Botany and Plant Improvement In: Wilson R. C., ed. Coffea, Cocoa and Tea. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK: 167–173; 1999). While, the total production of tea is not sufficient enough to meet the demands of the domestic and the world markets (Kabra, G. D. Tea statistics for 1999 In: Tea time, Vol. VIII, No. 3 September–November 1999, 30–31; 1999). The yield and quality of tea is further reduced by different biotic (fungi, pests and viruses) and abiotic (frost, hail, chilling, drought, nutritional deficiencies etc.) stresses (Wilson, K. C. Botany and Plant Improvement In: Wilson R. C., ed. Coffea, Cocoa and Tea. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK: 167–173; 1999). Although for most crops, higher yield per unit area is of primary importance but the major objective for tea is improved yield coupled with better adaptibility and cup characters. Moreover, the world market has critical standards for tea from different parts of the world to which the products must conform in order to attain high commercial value.
Superior stress resistant tea plants combining both yield and cup quality are therefore, of utmost importance (Barua, D. N. The tea plant of commerce In: Barua, D. N., ed. Science and practice in tea culture, Tea Research Association Calcutta; 53–68; 1989). Crop improvement programmes also aim at reasonable degree of morphological homogeneity in the progeny. Long life cycles of almost 10 years coupled with high degree of self incompatibility and inbreeding depression (Barua, D. N. The tea plant of commerce In: Barua, D. N., ed. Science and practice in tea culture, Tea Research Association Calcutta; 53–68; 1989) are the major limitations for conventional tea breeding programmes. The important and efficient alternative for overcoming these limitations is genetic transformation through Agrobacterium tumefaciens or biolistic wherein desired genes can be directly introduced into the plant genome.
Biolistic has been successfully employed in the genetic improvement of woody perennials specially when the plants have long life cycle or when the basic information about plant inheritance is lacking. Thus genetic transformation through biolistic holds a tremendous potential in tea specially when the leaves are used as the initial explants. More so, because leaf explants despite having a tremendous potential for crop improvement are highly recalcitrant to Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation probably due to the presence of certain phenolics (Biao Xi, Toru K, Jian Xu, Yongyan B Effect of polyphenol compounds in tea transformations. Abstr. no. 314. In: American Society of Plant Physiologists, Plant Biology 1998).
Although some tea clones have been identified which are high yielding as well as of high quality, yet these are susceptible to blister blight disease. Biotechnological improvement through homogenous tissues like leaf explants is required in these clones because heterogeneous tissues like cotyledon explants would result in genetic variability and loss of the desirable character of high yield and good quality. Therefore, use of leaf explants was important. However, the transformation of leaves through Agrobacterium tumefaciens is known to be in effective due to high content of certain polyphenols.
It was realized that primarily three factors viz. (i) increased surface area for maximum particle penetration, (ii) minimum cell damage/injury and (iii) maximum regeneration efficiency were required in order to make the transgenic protocol successful. Therefore, a method for biolistic mediated transgenic production of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) using leaf explants was developed taking into account the above three factors in order to enable further genetic improvement of selected elites.
Genetic transformation through Agrobacterium tumefaciens was first initiated in tea leaves (Matsumoto S and Fukai M 1998 Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated gene transfer in tea plant (Camellia sinensis) cells. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 32: 287–291; Matsumoto S and Fukai M 1999 Effect of acetosyringone application on Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer in tea plant (Camellia sinensis), Bulletin of the National Research Institute of vegetables, ornamental plants and tea, Shizuoka, Japan, 14: 9–15) wherein transformed leaf callus was produced using 500 μM Acetosyringone was selected at 200 μg/ml kanamycin. These transformed calli showed PCR amplification for nptII gene primers. The major draw back is that transgenic plants could not be regenerated from these transformed leaf calli. Even induction of callus on the leaves required a very high dose of the costly chemical Acetosyringone.
Genetic transformation through Agrobacterium tumefaciens has also been attempted by Biao (Biao Xi, Toru K, Jian Xu, Yongyan B Effect of polyphenol compounds in tea transformations. Abstr. no. 314. In: American Society of Plant Physiologists, Plant Biology 1998) wherein leaf and cotyledons were tested. The draw back of the report is that the leaf explants could not be significantly infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens and could not be transformed because of high content of phenolics mainly catechins.

Transgenic tea through biolistic using leaf explants


An improved printing machine, of the type in which image data, addresses and control data can be substantially concurrently transferred across multiple multipurpose buses, is provided. The printing machine comprises a first multipurpose bus adapted to substantially concurrently transfer a first set of the image data, addresses and control data and a second multipurpose bus adapted to substantially concurrently transfer a second set of the image data, addresses and control data. A module for processing the first and second sets of data communicates with the first and second multipurpose buses while a first discrete input/output module communicates with the first bus. Both the first processing module and the first discrete input/output module are adapted to transfer the first set of data between one another. A second discrete input/output module communicates with the second multipurpose bus and a third discrete input/output module communicates with the second multipurpose bus. both the second and third discrete input/output modules are adapted to transfer the second set of data between one another. Preferably, the first set of data can be transferred between the processing module and the first discrete input/output module substantially concurrent with the second set of data being transferred between the second discrete input/output module and the third discrete input/output module.

The subject matter of the present case is related to now allowed copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/784,493, filed Oct. 29, 1991, entitled "VIDEO PROCESSOR FOR A PRINTING APPARATUS," the pertinent portions of which are incorporated herein by reference, and to copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/784481, filed Oct. 29, 1991, entitled "VIDEO PROCESSOR FOR A PRINTING APPARATUS," the pertinent portions of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Expandable electronic subsystem for a printing machine


An ink cartridge for use in an ink replenishment system in an electrographic imaging device. The removable ink cartridge is configured to engage with a cartridge interface assembly and a detector in an ink cartridge bay on an electrographic imaging device. The ink cartridge has an outer shell comprising at least a first compartment containing a liquid ink and a second compartment. A first valve is fluidly coupled to the first compartment. Second and third valves are fluidly coupled to the second compartment. The first, second, and third valves are adapted to engage with corresponding valves at the cartridge interface assembly. A plurality of key slots are provided for receiving one or more key tabs that identify the ink cartridge. The key tabs are positioned to engage with the detector in the ink cartridge bay. A cap for an ink cartridge is also disclosed.

A liquid electrographic imaging system includes an imaging substrate onto which a developer liquid is delivered to develop a latent image. The imaging substrate may be a permanent image receptor or alternatively, may be a temporary image receptor. A liquid electrographic imaging system may be an electrostatic system having a dielectric material as the imaging substrate, or may take the form of an electrophotographic system having a photoreceptor as the imaging substrate. In an electrostatic system that makes use of a dielectric material, the latent image can be formed by selectively charging the dielectric substrate with an electrostatic stylus. In an electrophotographic system, the photoreceptor includes a photoconductive material that is uniformly charged, for example, with a corona charging device. A latent image can be formed on the photoreceptor by selectively discharging the photoreceptor with a pattern of radiation. A liquid electrophotographic imaging system with a photoreceptor will be discussed for purposes of example.
Several techniques have been developed over the years to adapt electrographic techniques to use multiple colors, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,832,170 (Nagamatsu et al.); 4,578,331 (Ikeda et al.); 4,728,983 (Zwadlo et al.); and 4,877,698 (Watson et al.). Color printers use three primary colors, typically cyan, magenta and yellow, and in addition, optionally, black. The toner may be a dry powder or a liquid.
The liquid ink (also referred to as a liquid toner or liquid developer) for an electrophotographic printing system normally includes solids or toner particles dispersed in a liquid carrier or solvent at a predetermined ratio. These two components deplete at different rates from the ink during printing. The relative component depletion rates are dependent on the percent coverage of the image produced by the imaging system and on other factors. For example, as the solids get transferred to the receptor material, the ratio of liquid carrier to solids increases, necessitating the addition of more solids to the ink. In images where the percent coverage is relatively low, liquid carrier is lost from the receptor material at a rate faster than the solids are depleted from the ink, requiring additional liquid carrier to be added to the ink to maintain the required ratio of solids to liquid carrier. Various systems have been made to deliver ink solids and liquid carrier to electrophotographic printers.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,637 (Landa) discloses a liquid toner replenishment system for an electrophotographic printer that does not have a separate liquid carrier replenishment system. When the density of the liquid toner in the mixing reservoir is below a first predetermined level, a motor is activated to add a measured amount of toner concentrate from a container to the respective toner reservoir, thereby increasing the toner particle concentration to the required level. Since the proportion of toner particles to liquid carrier in the container is less than the concentration carried out of the toner reservoir, an excess of liquid carrier is effectively added to the reservoir in excess of that removed by printing. This process causes the liquid level in the tank to rise slightly each time the toner concentrate is added. No mechanism is provided for adding liquid carrier to the reservoirs in the event the concentration of toner particles exceeds a predetermined level.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,973,699 (Cook) discloses a liquid dispensing apparatus utilizing a double-acting piston. When the level of liquid developer drops to a predetermined level, a drive unit is energized and the liquid developer is forced from the cartridge. The pressure drop caused by movement of the piston is employed to draw waste developer from a sump into a chamber within the cartridge. The liquid dispensing apparatus of Cook does not provide separate sources of ink concentrate or liquid carrier in order to maintain the required ratio of those components in the developer tray.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,876,282 (Schon et al.) discloses a container for supplying liquid developer in an electrophotographic copier. The container of Schon holds both developer concentrate and developer separated by a sliding separating wall. Developer concentrate is displaced into the correspondingly enlarged liquid developer chamber by movement of the sliding separating wall. Although the concentration of the liquid developer can be increased by the addition of developer concentrate, the container of Schon does not provide a source of liquid carrier to lower the concentration of the liquid developer when necessary.

Ink cartridge for liquid electrographic imaging devices