vibration insulator is provided which includes a vibration insulator section having an outer cylinder, a rubber member which is vulcanization-bonded to the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder and an inner cylinder supported by the rubber member, and a bracket for supporting the vibration insulator section, with the thickness of the bracket material being made as small as possible. The bracket is composed of a pair of sheet-metal bracket members holding the axial ends of the vibration insulator. The bracket members include plate-like base sections axially opposed to each other, cylindrical sections which extend axially outward from the base sections and into which the end portions of the outer cylinder are forced, abutting sections extending radially inward from the end edges of the cylindrical sections and abutting the end surfaces of the outer cylinder and joint sections joining the bracket members to each other. A method of manufacturing the vibration insulator bracket is also provided.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a vibration insulator and in particular, to a cylindrical rubber vibration insulator having a bracket for securing it in position on a vehicle engine, a vehicle body, etc., with the rubber being vulcanization-bonded to the inner peripheral surface of the vibration insulator.
This invention also relates to an improved method of manufacturing a bracket for securing a vibration insulator bushing in position.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, a bracket for a rubber vibration insulator of this type has consisted of a cylindrical member, into which the vibration insulating rubber is forced so as to be held therein, and fastening leg sections welded to the cylindrical member.
A problem with the conventional rubber vibration insulator described above is that axial displacement of the rubber is prevented solely by the compressive force of the rubber resulting from it being forced into the cylindrical member. Therefore, the force with which the rubber is forced into the cylindrical member must accordingly be large, which leads to various problems. For example, the wall thickness of the cylindrical member has to be made large. Further, the operation of forcing the rubber into the cylindrical member requires a large-sized apparatus.
FIG. 10 shows an example of a conventional bracket. Referring to the drawing, a bracket 101 comprises a cylindrical holder section 111 and leg sections 112 and 113 respectively welded to either side of the lower peripheral surface of the holder section 111. The bracket 101 is fastened to a base body, such as a vehicle frame, by means of mounting holes 117 provided in the leg sections 112 and 113. A vibration insulator bushing 102 is held in a bore 114 of the cylindrical holder section 111. This vibration insulator bushing 102 consists of concentric inner and outer cylinders 121 and 122 and a rubber vibration insulator 123 disposed between these cylinders and bonded thereto. The outer cylinder 122 is forced into the bore 114, and the inner cylinder 121 is connected to a vibrating body, such as an engine.
A problem with the above-described conventional bracket is that the holder section and leg sections are separately prepared before being welded together, so that it is impossible to avoid the disadvantages of parts storage and positioning during welding, which should be accurate. Consequently, the conventional bracket inevitably involves high production costs. Further, there is the danger of the holder section being distorted during the welding of the leg sections, resulting in deformation of the bore of the holder section, although errors in the bore diameter must be restrained to be as small as possible for the vibration insulating bushing to be smoothly inserted into the bore and reliably held therein.


High-gradient magnetic filter and method for the separation of weakly magnetisable particles from fluid media (2) in a circuit, embodied as a compact, low-maintenance unit with low repair requirements, comprising a housing (1), for the high gradient magnetic filter, with means for directing the flowing medium (2) in a pipe system with a feed (3) and return (4), a magnetic circuit (5), forming the high-gradient magnet filter in which at least one filter (8) is arranged in a filter chamber (7), formed between the pole faces (6) of the magnetic circuit (5), through which the medium (2) for purification flows, at least one permanent magnet (9), arranged in the magnetic circuit (5), for generation of a magnetic field between the pole faces (6). The magnetic circuit (5) is separated and sealed off from the flowing medium, the magnetic field between the pole faces (6) may be alternately switched on and off by means of the permanent magnet (9), whereupon the discharge and the operation of separating off the particles from the flowing medium may be achieved simply and economically.

The invention relates to a high-gradient magnetic filter for separating weakly magnetizable particles from fluid media, with the operating mode derived from the physical principle of generating field strength gradients by introducing a ferromagnetic structure into a magnetic field. The invention also relates to a method for operating the high-gradient magnetic filter.
Such filters predominantly generate the required magnetic field using permanent magnets, so that the components can be manufactured more compact and at lower cost, as well as operated more energy-efficient than filters using electromagnets.


The velocity of a wireless communications device (106) is estimated. In response to this estimate, a filter bandwidth, such as a pilot filter (310) bandwidth, is adjusted so that the introduction of noise and distortion to a signal received by the device is mitigated. The filter bandwidth is adjusted by increasing it as the estimated velocity increases; and decreasing it as the estimated velocity decreases. Such adjustments may be accomplished through providing a number of predetermined bandwidths that each correspond to a particular velocity range, and setting the filter bandwidth to the predetermined bandwidth that corresponds to the estimated velocity.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to wireless communications devices. More specifically, the present invention relates to adaptive filtering techniques for use in mobile communications environments.
2. Related Art
Mobile communications devices, such as wireless phones, are often employed in vehicles or other mobile platforms that travel at relatively high velocities. For example, mobile communications devices are often used in automobiles, trains, and airplanes that travel at speeds as fast as several hundred kilometers per hour.
In wireless communications environments, Doppler frequency shifts occur in signals transmitted between a transmitter and a receiver when the transmitter and the receiver have a relative velocity with respect to each other. This relative velocity causes signals, from the perspective of the receiver, to have frequencies that are shifted from the frequencies transmitted by the transmitter. When the relative velocity is an approaching velocity, these frequency shifts are upward. However, when the relative velocity is a departing velocity, these frequency shifts are downward.
Many components in wireless communications devices, such as filters, are configured to receive signals within a particular frequency range. Unfortunately, Doppler frequency shifts can place such signals outside of these configured frequency ranges. This condition can lead to degraded performance.
For example, in wireless communications systems that operate according to code division multiple access (CDMA) standards, such as IS-95A and IS-95B (referred to herein as IS-95 systems), signals known as pilot signals are transmitted from base stations to mobile devices. These pilot signals provide timing and phase references that enable these mobile devices to receive and demodulate traffic signals carrying information such as data and voice that are also transmitted by the base station.
Since these pilot signals are used as timing and phase references, their signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) directly affects a device's ability to receive and demodulate traffic signals.
Wireless communications devices typically filter pilot signals with a pilot filter having a fixed bandwidth. Because mobile communications environments often involve Doppler frequency shifts, portions of a received pilot signal's spectrum can fall outside of the pilot filter's fixed bandwidth. This causes distortions that reduce the pilot signal's SNR.
On the other hand, if the pilot filter's fixed bandwidth is sufficiently large to accommodate such Doppler frequency shifts, out of band noise can be introduced to the pilot signal reception processor. Unfortunately, this introduction of noise also reduces the pilot signal's SNR.
Accordingly, what is needed is a technique that enables pilot filtering to be performed in a manner that accommodates Doppler frequency shifts, while not causing a SNR reduction in pilot signals.

Velocity responsive filtering for pilot signal reception


A mobile communications terminal for use in a cellular communications system such as a CDMA system. The terminal includes an electronic circuit for receiving a wire-less communications signal carrying signal channels having processing means for extracting the signal channels. The electronic circuit is adapted to classify a type of interference affecting the communications quality by evaluating signals selected in the electronic circuit that are selected as signals having information for classifying a type of interference in one of at least two predetermined classes of interference.

1. Technical Field
This invention relates to a mobile communications terminal for use in a cellular communications system, comprising an electronic circuit for receiving a wire-less communication signal carrying signal channels having processing means for extracting the signal channels.
2. History of Related Art
A typical cellular telecommunications system cell is organized about a base-station equipped with multiplexing means for transmitting communication signals carrying signal channels from a wired telephone net onto a frequency carrier that is broadcast by an antenna system over an area that the cell is designate to cover. A set of individual mobile subscriber stations—i.e. a mobile communications terminal—are each equipped to receive the broadcast frequency carrier and to de-multiplex the specific channel the terminal is intended to receive. Typically, two-way communication is supported and the mobile communications terminal is adapted to transmit signals to the base-station for subsequent multiplexing and distribution to a wired net or another base-station.
In such a wire-less communications system, an assigned radio frequency bandwidth of frequencies is simultaneously shared by multiple subscribers using various multiple access techniques e.g. code division multiple access (CDMA). In CDMA systems multiple subscribers can be accommodated on a single carrier in which each subscriber is assigned one or multiple codes that is used to carry information. A code waveform taken from a set of orthogonal waveforms allows the system to transmit information in separate information channels. These separate information channels can be used to carry individual information to different users and/or enable multiple information streams to one user.
However, in such systems different types of interference may occur and diminish the communication quality. The interference situation can vary from time to time depending on the location of the mobile communications terminal relative to the base-station, the location of other base-stations, the actual load of the system, and the type of traffic on the communication channels. Furthermore, moving the mobile communications terminal relative to the base-station and movement of other objects affecting the transmission path between the base-station and the mobile communications terminal can affect the interference situation.
Basically, interference can be divided into two groups:                1. inter-cell interference, and        2. intra-cell interference.
Inter-cell interference originates from one or more neighbouring base stations. The fading of inter-cell interference is uncorrelated with the fading of the communication signal. In the following, inter-cell interference refers to interference that has an uncorrelated fading or no fading. Thus, inter-cell interference can be caused by thermal noise etc.
Intra-cell interference originates from the same base station as the base station communicating with the mobile communications terminal. Intra-cell interference is due to reception of non-orthogonal signals transmitted from the base station (e.g. the synchronisation channel in WCDMA) or due to multi-path propagation of the communication signal). One important feature of intra-cell interference is that it travels the same path as the communication signal and thus experience the same fading.
The type of interference that a communication signal is distorted with at reception by a mobile communication terminal is an important parameter for optimisation of several algorithms in the terminal and in turn for improving the quality of the wire-less communication.
There exists known methods for classifying interference by means of spectrum estimation techniques. However, these methods are very complex and involves large processing means. The different types of interference may degrade performance of a mobile communications terminal. Thus there is a need for a less complex method that can be implemented in small-sized and/or mobile communication terminals.
Therefore, the prior art involves the problem that a present type of interference affecting performance in the form of transmission capacity and/or quality of a mobile communications terminal is not determined—thereby not making it possible to take the type of interference into communications terminal.

Method and apparatus for classifying interference


A rack for use in an operating room during surgery to hold surgical instruments. The rack includes a vertical support (including an adjustable height portion); rack support braces; rack support arms; a base interface member; casters; a base; and lighted trays. The lighted trays radiate ultraviolet and/or visible light to provide visible light in low light conditions and/or to inhibit bacterial growth. The trays are detachably attachable from the rack support arms which helps the trays to be maintained in a sterile condition, even if the rest of the rack is not maintained in a sterile condition.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to cabinets, racks and shelving, more particularly to cabinets, racks and shelving for medical applications, and even more particularly to cabinets and shelving for operating rooms to be used during surgery.
2. Description of the Related Art
It is conventional to use carts and shelves in an operating room during surgery. U.S. Pat. No. 4,572,594 ("Schwartz") discloses an arthroscopy support stand including a wheel mounted steel cabinet and shelves (open at the front) for supporting various arthroscopic surgery appliances, a vertical support column and a pair of vertically-spaced support arms. The arms are pivotally mounted at the middle of the cabinet so that the support column can be shifted back and forth across the front of the cabinet.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,189,459 ("DeAngelis") discloses an auxiliary shelf that can be attached to an operating room cart to provide additional sterile space for instruments during surgery. The auxiliary shelf can be rotated between a horizontal position, for use as a shelf, and a collapsed position parallel along the back of the cart. The collapsed position permits the cart and DeAngelis shelf and cart assembly to be stored in less space. The DeAngelis shelf and cart assembly also includes a mounting clamp, shelf leg, holes and a pin so that the shelf position is adjustable in the vertical direction.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,160,699 ("Siegal") discloses an enclosed sanitizing cabinet for exposing eyewear articles to ultraviolet radiation from a fluorescent ultraviolet lamp. the lamp extends substantially the entire height of the cabinet. The cabinet includes shelf-forming rod members spaced and configured to support eyewear articles in such manner that the surfaces of the eyewear which contact a user's skin are exposed to ultraviolet radiation.
US published patent application 2003/0034459 ("Bonin") discloses a sanitization cabinet including an ultraviolet lamp mounted in the cabinet. the ultraviolet lamp heats and sanitizes air that is circulated through the Bonin cabinet.
US published patent application 2006/0260515 ("Hodges") discloses a modular sterilizable surgical table adapted for use during surgery in a hospital operating room. In the Hodges table, sterilizable sleeves are detachably attachable to posts. Sterilizable shelves are detachably attachable to the sleeves. the shelves have lips to help retain items on the shelf. The Hodges table is disclosed to include means for adjustably tilting one of the shelves. A back shelf is disclosed to be adjustable in the vertical direction.
Description Of the Related Art Section Disclaimer: To the extent that specific publications are discussed above in this Description of the Related Art Section, these discussions should not be taken as an admission that the discussed publications (for example, published patents) are prior art for patent law purposes. For example, some or all of the discussed publications may not be sufficiently early in time, may not reflect subject matter developed early enough in time and/or may not be sufficiently enabling so as to amount to prior art for patent law purposes. To the extent that specific publications are discussed above in this Description of the Related Art Section, they are all hereby incorporated by reference into this document in their respective entirety(ies).

Multi-level rack system with ultraviolet light for supporting surgical tools


A double-objective system for a microscope, wherein an objective is provided for focusing object illumination light onto an object point and an objective is provided for collecting light that proceeds from the object point. The optical axes of the two objectives are inclined relative to one another, so that the observation direction and the illumination direction are at an angle relative to one another. The two objectives are combined at a shared holder to form a double-objective constructional unit for guiding light from an object illumination source through a light passage opening, wherein, further, a light deflection system is provided, which shapes the illumination beam path and/or the observation beam path in such a way that the observation light coming from the observation objective exits the double-objective constructional unit through the light passage opening. The double-objective constructional unit can therefore be used in a conventional microscope construction.

a) Field of the Invention
The invention is directed to a confocal microscope with a double-objective system comprising a first objective, which is provided for focussing light from an object illumination source onto an object point in an illumination beam path, and a second objective which is provided for collecting light that proceeds from the object point in an observation beam path, wherein the observation direction of the second objective is at an angle to the illumination direction of the first objective.
b) Description of the Related Art
A scanning microscope with a dual-objective system of the type mentioned above is known from DE 43 26 473 A1. In this known scanning microscope, collimated laser light is focussed through the first objective in the illumination beam path onto an object point. The second objective is arranged relative to the first objective in such a way that the optical axes of the two objectives are perpendicular to one another and the object point illuminated by the first objective lies in the principal focus of the second objective, so that the observation direction of the second objective is at a right angle to the illumination direction of the second objective. The observation light proceeding from the object point and collected by the second objective is focussed onto a pinhole diaphragm by a lens arranged following the second objective in the observation beam path, wherein a light detector measures the intensity of the light passing through the pinhole diaphragm. A corresponding image can then be generated from the measurement information of the light detector by scanning an object area.
Further, an incident illumination for stereo microscopes known from DE 94 08 066 U1 illuminates the object to be observed from the direction of the observation optics as far as possible. It is realized in such a way that the illumination arrangement forms a constructional unit with the microscope body and accordingly with the microscope objective acting as detector arrangement.
This illumination arrangement differs from the double-objective system according to the invention in particular in that it is not suitable for use in a confocal microscope and in that it illuminates as far as possible from the detection direction, whereas in the double-objective system according to the invention a right angle is realized as far as possible between the illumination direction and the detection direction.
The scanning microscope known from DE 43 26 473 A1 already has an extremely high resolution. This is achieved in particular in that the confocal volume detected in the in-focus or focal range is minimized due to the intersection of the optical axes of the illumination beam path and observation beam path at a right angle in the object point. When the illumination volume in the object area is considered in a rough approximation as an ellipsoid stretched along the illumination axis and the observation volume of the second objective in the object area is considered as an ellipsoid stretched along the optical axis of the second objective, a superposition of these ellipsoids in the focal range or in the object point region gives a correspondingly smaller confocal volume which substantially corresponds to the intersection volume of the illumination volume and observation volume. The smaller the confocal volume considered in this way, the better the resolution of the microscope.
An analogous manner of considering assumes that the intensity distribution of the object illumination light in the focal range of the first objective is described by the illumination point spread function, as it is called, and that the detection probability for the light proceeding from the focal range by means of the second objective when using a detection pinhole is described by the observation (detection) point spread function.
The resulting confocal point spread function KPVF of a confocal microscope is the product of the illumination point spread function and the observation point spread function. The more extensive the KPVF, the poorer the resolution of the microscope. As a result of the now virtually perpendicular arrangement of the illumination point spread function and the observation point spread function relative to one another, the comparatively large expanse of the illumination point spread function along the optical axis of the first objective is compensated by the small expanse of the illumination point spread function along this axis, so that an approximately equally good resolution is achieved along all three spatial axes. Therefore, a very good resolution capacity is achieved because of the illumination and observation beam paths which intersect at a right angle in the object point.
According to DE 43 26 473 A1, a special construction with complete separation of the observation beam path from the illumination beam path is provided for realizing the beam paths for illumination and observation which intersect in the object point. A special construction of this type requires a comparatively large amount of room in the two directions of the beam paths for illumination and observation at right angles to one another and is accordingly more difficult to manage than conventional scanning microscopes in which the illumination beam path and the observation beam path coincide and the focussing of the object illumination light and the collection of the observation light coming from the object point are effected through the same objective.

Confocal microscope with double-objective system


A texture-intensity computation section computes a texture intensity TH and a texture intensity TV using interpolation values GA and EA. A G interpolation section computes an interpolation value GF using a horizontally adjacent interpolation value GA and a signal R. An E interpolation section computes an interpolation value EF using a vertically adjacent interpolation value EA and the signal R. The G interpolation section computes an interpolation value GU using the interpolation values GA, EA, and EF. The E interpolation section computes an interpolation value EU using the interpolation values GA, EA, and GF. A G+E generation section combines the interpolation values GU and EF to compute (G+E)V. A G+E generation section combines the interpolation values GF and EU to compute (G+E)H. A combining section determines the signal G+E using (G+E)H and (G+E)V, the texture intensities TH and TV.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus, an image processing method, and a program. More particularly, the present invention relates to an image processing apparatus and an image processing method capable of performing interpolation for a mosaic image with higher accuracy, and a program therefor.
2. Description of the Related Art
When an image is captured using an imaging apparatus incorporating a single-plate solid-state imaging device, only single spectral sensitivity can be obtained. For this reason, in general, a method of capturing color images, in which a different color filter is placed on each of a large number of pixels, and those color filters are arranged in a specific pattern, has been used. In an image captured by this method, an image in a mosaic form with respect to colors is generated. Therefore, by performing interpolation by using color information obtained from adjacent pixels, an image in which all the colors (for example, RGB) are available in all the pixels can be generated.
In general, for the arrangement of a filter, a Bayer arrangement shown in FIG. 1 is used. The Bayer arrangement is formed in such a manner that a total of four filters, that is, two G filters that allow light of only green color (G) to pass therethrough, one R filter that allows light of only red color (R) to pass therethrough, and one B filter that allows light of only blue color (B) to pass therethrough, define a minimum unit. That is, the G filters are arranged in a checkered pattern and exist at a density twice that of the R and B filters. Therefore, a method is often used in which, for G having a large amount of information and a strong correlation with luminance, G are made available for all the pixels, and a pixel interpolation process is performed by using G as reference information, thereby allowing information on the other colors to be available in each pixel.
For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,642,678 (Cok, David R.), a pixel interpolation method has been proposed in which, under the assumption that the ratio of colors in a local area is almost constant, G is made available in advance in all the pixels, the average of the ratios of R to G and the average of the ratios of B to G in adjacent pixels are multiplied by G at the position of the pixel of interest, in order to estimate color components which are not known. In such a pixel interpolation method in which G is used as reference information, there is a problem in that the final result greatly depends on the interpolation accuracy when G is made available for all the pixels.
Therefore, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,382,976 (Hibbard, Robert H.), a scheme in which, based on the gradient value of G, interpolation accuracy is improved by switching adjacent pixels of G used for interpolation, has been made. Furthermore, in Japanese Patent No. 2931520, a method has been proposed in which, in addition to switching adjacent pixels of G used for interpolation, horizontal and vertical interpolation values at the position of the interpolation pixel are obtained, and two interpolation values obtained by a process suitable for a case in which a correlation in the horizontal direction is strong and a process suitable for a case in which a correlation in the vertical direction is strong are mixed using correlation values.
The above-described various methods are assumed on the features of the Bayer arrangement such that G is arranged in a checkered pattern and the sampling frequency is higher than that for the other colors. However, the filter of the single-plate solid-state imaging device is not limited to three colors, and four colors may be used. In other than the filter arrangement of the so-called complementary color system, for example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-271804, the formation of a filter by the arrangement of four colors by further adding another color (for example, Y) to the three colors of RGB for the purpose of improvement of color reproduction has been proposed. Also, for example, in the Bayer arrangement, there are cases in which two Gs within a 2×2 filter arrangement do not always have the same characteristics due to, for example, differences in the arrangement of R and B adjacent to G, differences in the spectral characteristics caused by position deviations of filters in a manufacturing process, disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication Nos. 7-135302 and 8-19114, and an error of gain between lines, which occurs in a solid-state imaging device having a different signal output between even-numbered lines and odd-numbered lines. Actually, an arrangement of four colors is formed.
However, the method of interpolating G in all the pixels, in which a checkered arrangement of G is used in the Bayer arrangement, cannot be applied to a signal obtained from such a filter arrangement of four colors. Naturally, there is a problem in that the color interpolation method on the assumption that G is made available for all the pixels cannot be used as is.
Furthermore, even if G or signals replaced with G are made available by some method, in the method, proposed in Japanese Patent No. 2931520, in which the correlation values in the horizontal and vertical directions calculated at the position of the pixel of interest are used as is, there is a problem in that, if correlation determination is incorrect due to influence of noise, etc., in the vicinity of a limit resolution, the two interpolation values are mixed irregularly, and a very noticeable artifact occurs.

Image processing apparatus, image processing method, and program


The invention concerns new derivatives of certain alkoxy-4(1H)-pyridones, processes for preparing them, and pharmaceutical compositions containing them. The compounds of the invention are useful in the prevention and/or treatment of heart and blood vessel diseases such as thromboses, arteriosclerosis and hypertension, and of inflammatory processes, allergies, cancers, and certain degenerative damage of the central nervous system.

The compounds of formula I according to the present invention display useful pharmacological properties. In particular, they inhibit protein kinase C, a calcium- and phospholipid-dependent key enzyme, which plays a decisive part in the intracellular signal chain transduction (Y. Nishizuka, Science, 233, 305-312/1986) and is closely linked with the regulation of contractile, secretory and proliferative processes.

Alkoxy-4 (1H)-pyridone derivatives, processes for the preparation thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions containing them


Provided is an organic light-emitting display panel including: a first pixel driving circuit driving a first sub-pixel and including first driving transistors, and a second pixel driving circuit driving a second sub-pixel and including one or more second driving transistors. An operating current of the first sub-pixel at a preset grayscale is n times an operating current of the second sub-pixel at the preset grayscale, n≥1.5. The first driving transistor includes first and second driving sub-transistors. The first driving sub-transistor has a gate electrode electrically connected to a gate electrode of the second driving sub-transistor, a first electrode electrically connected to a first electrode of the second driving sub-transistor, and a second electrode electrically connected to a second electrode of the second driving sub-transistor. The number of the one or more second driving transistors is smaller than the number of the first driving transistors.

With the increase of consumption, since an efficiency of a blue sub-pixel in an organic light-emitting display panel is low, a current Ib that is required for the blue sub-pixel is approximately twice a current Ir for a red sub-pixel and a current Ig for a green pixel to achieve the same brightness, i.e., Ir=Ig=½Ib. Due to a design of a large-sized panel, a voltage drop of a power supply voltage at an end far away from a driving chip integrated circuit (IC) becomes larger, for example, the voltage drop at an end far away from the IC is ΔV. Referring to FIG. 1 illustrating an Ids-Vgs curve of a driving transistor, a larger current Ids corresponds to a smaller slope S of the curve, i.e., a slope Sb of the blue sub-pixel is smaller than a slope Sg of the green sub-pixel or a slope Sr of the red sub-pixel. Further, because Sb=ΔIb/ΔV, Sr=ΔIr/ΔV and Sg=Ig/ΔV, then ΔIb<ΔIr and ΔIb<Ig. That is, with a same voltage drop of the power supply voltage, a change amount of the current for causing the blue sub-pixel to emit blue light is smaller than that for the green sub-pixel to emit green light or that for the red sub-pixel to emit red light, which generates a deviation of chroma and causes the end far away from the IC to be yellowish.

Organic light-emitting display panel and organic light-emitting display device


A transmitting apparatus is provided. The transmitting apparatus includes: a frame generator configured to generate a first frame provided for a fixed terminal and a second frame provided for a mobile terminal, the second frame including common service data commonly provided for the fixed terminal and the mobile terminal; an information inserting unit configured to insert access information on the common service data into a signaling area of the first frame; and a transmitter configured to transmit the first and second frames.

1. Field
Apparatuses and methods consistent with exemplary embodiments relate to transmitting service data for a fixed terminal and a mobile terminal.
2. Description of the Related Art
The existing ground wave broadcasting physical specification organizations such as Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) and Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) have designed physical specifications for a fixed terminal as a receiving environment, or a mobile terminal as a receiving environment. Examples of the fixed terminal are a home smart television (TV), a set-top-box, etc. A typical example of the mobile terminal is a smartphone.
With further development of mobile networks and increasing distribution of smartphones, etc., there is a rising necessity to have an enhanced ground wave broadcasting physical specification covering mobile broadcasting. Also, high definition (HD) content services which have only been available via home TV become available via a mobile terminal due to development of network and display. Accordingly, a demand for a broadcasting physical frame enabling more efficient service transmission in view of both fixed broadcasting and mobile broadcasting has emerged.

Transmitting apparatus and receiving apparatus and control method thereof


A Java applet program loaded initially from a remote server is configured to receive additional user annotations for data displayed in an already opened applet window located at the user""s client system. To increase the usefulness and flexibility of such program, the user is permitted to preserve/capture, during an interactive session, the modified applet window containing any such input or modifications to the applet window data. Because the updated applet window data cannot be written to the user""s client system, however, (due to security restrictions), the present invention instead causes such modified window data to be converted to a standard compressed graphics file format (such as GIF for an image file for example), and then uploaded to the remote server. From there the applet can then open another applet window within a browser program pointing to the location of such file on the remote server. At that point, the user can then perform any desired operation on the file (i.e., such as printing or saving to a local file system) since the browser has access to the local system resources.

Appendix A, which forms part of this disclosure and is incorporated by reference herein, is a microfiche appendix consisting of 1 sheet of microfiche having a total of 58 frames. Microfiche Appendix A is a list of computer programs and related data in an embodiment of the present invention, which is described more completely below.
The invention relates generally to a computer software routine which facilitates and expands the functionality of secure program routines running on a local client computing system by permitting such routines to interact with resources located at a remote server. The invention has particular use in increasing the utility of routines embodied in Java(copyright) applets, which, while running locally on a user""s system, can nonetheless be configured to access resources from a remote server so as to circumvent security mechanisms otherwise prohibiting such applets from generating or reading local data structures.
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the xerographic reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure in exactly the form it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
The use of the world wide web (WWW) is increasing rapidly, and so of course is the demand for intelligent systems and software which can permit users to better and more easily explore its offerings. To access information on the WWW, a user typically utilizes a browser program having a graphical interface (such as those offered by such companies as Sun, Microsoft, and Netscape) to establish an electronic connection between his/her local client computing system, and a remote server system located at an ISP (Internet Service Provider). After such connection is made, the user can then perform a number of operations through the browser, including such tasks as uploading/downloading files (including text, graphics, audio, video, etc.) and even executing programs located on such remote server. The ability to locally execute programs retrieved from a remote ISP is in fact one of the greater attractions and promises of the WWW. By having a repository which is accessible to millions of users simultaneously, program authors have an opportunity to expand the distribution and use of their products to a level far beyond that previously attainable. To avoid cluttering the user""s local computing system with extraneous program and associated support files, and more importantly so as to provide a measure of protection and security to such user, many of such programs are now being implemented using a language known in the art as Java(copyright), and, in particular, using programming tools known as xe2x80x9capplets.xe2x80x9d Java(copyright) applets are akin to Java(copyright) applications, but the former are specifically designed to interoperate with graphical user interfaces such as the conventional browsers mentioned above. Applets are extremely popular programs today also due to the fact that they provide program authors with the tools to create multi-media capable programs quickly and easily.
The ease of access to remote programs, however, also increases the possibility of potential security/privacy breaches at the user""s local computing system. There is simply no practical method for a user to monitor the behavior of a remotely retrieved program to ensure that it is not improperly loading data to the user""s system, or worse yet, capturing or altering private data from the user""s local file system in his/her computing system. To address this concern, the authors of Java(copyright) intentionally constrained applets to operate in what is conventionally known as xe2x80x9csand box.xe2x80x9d In other words, applets were imbued with substantial functionality, but they are not permitted, for example, to do such things as read or write from file systems outside their own domain (usually the file system of the remote server). So, in the case of a remotely downloaded applet embodying some code which the user desires to execute, such applet cannot read or write to the user""s local file system. For a discussion of this limitation of applets, please see xe2x80x9cAn Introduction to Computer Sciencexe2x80x94Using Javaxe2x80x9d by Kamin et. al., McGraw-Hill, p. 345 (1998). Another limitation, of course, is the fact that an applet cannot make use of data structures (such as graphics file formats for example) that are incompatible or unreadable with the browser within which such applet is executing.
Heretofore this limitation on applets has not posed a substantial barrier to the use of applet based programs on the WWW, although some attempts have been made to ameliorate the effects of this restriction. For example, some program designers have tried to exploit loopholes in the sandbox to trick the user""s operating system into permitting the applet to gain local access and print a file on a local printer. These programming patches, however, are undesirable because they are system specific, and are susceptible to being closed down by Java(copyright) developers/standards enforcers. Others have suggested relaxing the constraints on applets which are known by the user to come from a verified xe2x80x9ccleanxe2x80x9d source. By requiring an applet to pass through a certification process, some measure of security can be maintained. Again, nonetheless, such xe2x80x9cexemptionxe2x80x9d process is also vulnerable to attack from would-be security invaders, and is therefore unattractive to users seeking the maximum security intended to be offered by the applet environment. It is also inconvenient to users, because they must still perform the task of evaluating whether a particular program is worthy of certification. This, too, reduces the incentives for users to use the WWW, since it requires too much effort for the ordinary user to know what is safe and what is unsafe.
Despite the fact that such efforts have been limited in the past, applicant has realized that the need for a satisfactory solution to the applet limitation is more crucial now. The inability of an applet to print to a local printer, for example, means that a local user is unable to capture his/her local input and/or contributions to an applet program displaying a remotely retrieved file. This limits the user""s enjoyment of the program, since any contributions are lost once the browser program is closed. For example, a user who has used an applet in his/her browser and accessed a stock price chart located on a remote server, can make annotations, mark-ups, etc., and see such contributions on a display screen. They cannot, however, print a hard copy of such image, and again this reduces significantly the user""s enjoyment and the utility of such program.
An object of the present invention, therefore, is to provide a system and method for permitting a local resource constrained software routine running on a local client system to circumvent such restrictions by exploiting resources at a remote server location;
Another object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for permitting a user of a locally executing client internet browser to manipulate and perform operations on files containing a mixture of local and remote server data;
A related object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for permitting a Java(copyright) applet to be able to emulate local file type functionality to a user while still complying with applicable security restrictions on such types of routines when running on a client machine;
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for transferring data between a local computing system and a remote server so that file access privileges on the latter can be exploited by a program running on the former;
A further object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for permitting a user to engage in an interactive session during which they may modify content of data files from different remote sources, and still be able to capture and preserve such efforts in a local file system of the user""s computing system;
Another object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for a remote server to engage a user to perform the above mentioned objectives.
A data capture program of the present invention is characterized generally by the fact that it is restricted from accessing a first local file system, but does have access rights to a second file system at a separate computing system. When program data is generated during an interactive on-line session that cannot be transferred to such local file system, the program instead transmits such program data from the local computing system to the second file system. The data capture program is further configured to interact with a browser on the local computing system, which browser has access rights to the local file system. In this manner, the browser program can then access the program data from the second file system, and transfer the program data to an output and/or storage device in the local computing system.
In a preferred embodiment, the program data is generally associated with modified file data resulting from modifications made by a user to initial data from an initial data file. These modifications could include additions, deletions, edits, etc., of any initial data file type preferably retrieved from the remote system, such as a file containing chart data, an audio file, a video file, a text file, etc. During the interactive session involving modifications to chart data, for example, any updates by the user are displayed dynamically in a first window on a display device for ease of use. Such modifications, because of restrictions on the environment in which such are created, cannot normally be saved to the user""s local file system. Therefore, when the user wishes to save the results of such modifications, the modified file data is transferred as noted above to the remote server, where it is treated as described. Thereafter, the modified file data as retrieved from the remote server can be displayed in a second window to such user where it can be manipulated as desired by the browser program operating on the user""s machine. In this manner, a user can preserve and capture the results of their efforts during such interactive session on a local computing system for future reference.
To transfer the modified file data from the local computing system to the remote server, an encoder is preferably used to compress the file data into a standard file format readable by the browser program. In the case of a visual image data, for example, the preferred approach is to convert such file into a GIF or JPEG formatted file.
The data capture program of the present invention is preferably implemented with one or more Java applets which are in the form of a remote program stored at a remote server. These applets are initially downloaded during the interactive session from the remote server but then execute on the user""s local computing system within a restricted environment within the user""s browser program. The remote program is preferably configured such that it interacts with the browser program and performs at least the following operations:
(1) retrieving an initial data file from the remote server for use during the interactive session; and
(2) displaying information relating to the initial data file in a display window visible to the user; and
(3) accepting modifications to such initial data file during the interactive session; and
(4) saving such modifications to such initial data file in an modified data file;
(5) routing the modified data file to the remote server; and
In this fashion, the modified data file can be retrieved by the user at a later time and saved to the local file system by the browser program as noted above.
To further assist the user, the remote program also provides user command functions in the display window, which command functions can be used to generate the modifications more easily. As the modifications are made, the user is preferably given feedback to confirm the same (such as with a line drawn on a chart for example). The invention is also flexible in that more than one initial data file can be loaded from one or more remote servers and modified, thus permitting essentially unlimited editing capability.
A remote server of the present invention is configured to permit a user remote from such server to engage in an interactive on-line session with such server using the aforementioned remote program. In this way, the server can interact with the local machine as described above.
In a preferred embodiment of the remote program permitting a user to annotate chart data with visual labels and descriptions, an interactive portion of such program has a first executable routine for processing initial data from the initial data file obtained from the remote server and for storing first image data associated with the initial data in a window image data buffer. The browser program then causes the local computing system to display the first image data in a window on a display to the user. A second executable routine generates modified data based on the user""s modifying of the initial data with the visual labels and descriptions. A third routine then generates an modified data file based on the modified data, and then further transmits the modified data file to the remote server. Thereafter, the first routine, in cooperation with the browser, can also process the modified data file from the remote server, and thus the browser program can communicate the modified data file to a file system in the local computing system.
An interactive session between a local computing system and a remote server is therefore conducted in accordance with the present invention using the following preferred steps:
(a) accessing a remote program located on the remote server using a browser program located on the local computing system;
(b) executing the remote program on the local computing system;
(c) accessing an initial data file from the remote server with the remote program for use during the interactive session; and
(d) displaying an initial display image based on initial data from the initial data file; and
(e) modifying the initial data;
(f) saving the modified initial data as modified data; and
(g) transmitting an modified data file corresponding to the modified data from the local computing system to the server; and
(h) accessing the modified data file from the remote server with the remote program;
(i) communicating the modified data file to a file system in the local computing system using the browser program.
In the above described method, the modified data is derived from an initial data file (which may include more than one initial data file) and supplemental data input under control of a user of the remote program.
In a further variation, the updated data file is image data compressed using an encoder which translates a pixel stream into a file format usable by the browser program or another program having access to the local file system.
Data transfers of the present invention are accomplished through an on-line connection between a local computing system and a remote server preferably using the following steps:
(a) executing an interactive program on the local computing system, which interactive program coordinates with an on-line connection management program on such local computing system, and which interactive program further is restricted from accessing a local file system on such local computing system;
(b) accessing initial data information for use on the local computing system; and
(c) generating modified data information, which modified data information includes the initial data information and any additional data supplemental information added under control of a user of the interactive program; and
(d) saving the modified data information;
(e) transmitting the modified data information from the local computing system to the server; and
(f) accessing the modified data information from the remote server;
(g) communicating the modified data information to an output and/or storage device in the local computing system using the on-line connection management program.
Again, in a preferred embodiment, the modified data is compressed image data derived from dynamically modifying an initial data file. This image data is compressed using an encoder which translates a pixel stream into a file format usable by the second program. Nonetheless, the initial data file can be in a graphics file format, an audio file format, a text format, a video format, or some combination thereof.
An interactive, on-line session of the present invention permitting a user to engage in an interactive on-line session with a server using a remote program downloaded from the server but executing on the user""s local computing system, and wherein the remote program is restricted from accessing a file system on such local computing system, is accomplished as follows:
(a) coordinating communications between the server and a browser program also executing on the user""s local computing system during the interactive on-line session, the browser program further including software routines for interacting with the file system on the user""s local computing system; and
(b) receiving data at the server consisting of modified information transmitted from the remote program;
(c) creating an modified file for the modified information at the server, which modified file is accessible by the remote program;
(d) transferring the modified file to the local computing system so that the browser program can utilize the modified file;
In this manner, the browser program can thereafter transfer such modified file to an output and/or storage device in the local computing system, such as a printer, a local file system, etc.
Although the inventions are described below in a preferred embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art the present invention would be beneficially used in many environments where it is necessary to provide security constrained software routines with additional functionality.

System and method for permitting a software routine having restricted local access to utilize remote resources to generate locally usable data structure


A "slow" signal is not sent across chip to be combined with combinatorial logic, but rather, the logic with which it would be combined is partitioned such that there are two outputs, one if the "slow" signal would be true and a second if the "slow" signal would be false. Both of these outputs are then provided to a multiplexer. The original "slow" signal selects the correct signal, thus saving the interconnect time delay. The concepts also apply to combinations of multiple "slow" signals.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to semiconductor integrated circuit configurations and, in particular, to methods and circuitry for reducing interconnect time delays.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Integrated circuits often include logic signals that must cross the chip or are used as inputs to a number of logic blocks physically located in different areas of the chip. Some of these signals are much slower than others. There are numerous cases in which a "slow" signal crosses a portion of the chip, is logically combined with other signals and then the result, i.e. the output of the combinatorial logic, is returned to the original logic block or sent to logic in a distant part of the chip. With this approach, the interconnect delay can be substantial.

Logic speed-up by selecting true/false combinations with the slowest logic signal


The ringer comprises a loudspeaker receiving signals from an amplifier, the amplifier having both a power supply input connected to a ringer line providing a ringer signal via a chopper power supply means, and a melody input which is connected to the ringer line via a regulation unit that provides an image signal representative of the power of the ringer signal, and via a transformation unit that transforms the image signal by means of a melody signal applied to a terminal.

Known ringer circuits comprise a loudspeaker receiving signals from an amplifier, the amplifier having a melody input which receives a melody signal, and a power supply input connected to a ringer line which provides a ringer signal that is derived, via chopper power supply means, from the ringing current output by the telephone exchange. The melody signal current varies between maximum and minimum values which are constant and which cause the amplifier to operate in saturation. The operation of such circuits poses many problems. A first problem consists in obtaining sufficient acoustic power, i.e. at least equal to a required minimum, when the ringer signal is at its nominal voltage, while still ensuring satisfactory operation when the voltage of the ringer signal is below its nominal value. It has been observed that, when suitably adjusted for a ringer signal of nominal voltage, for example of the order of 80 volts, existing circuits have a tendency to emit a sound of acoustic power that varies due to lack of electrical power whenever the voltage of the ringing signal from the exchange is low, for example of the order of 25 volts, as happens in particular when the telephone set is connected to a long line with two or three other telephone sets in parallel. This phenomenon of varying acoustic power is referred to as "motorboating". This problem is becoming worse nowadays because the standards for ringer signal voltage vary according to country, so that a ringer circuit which is properly adjusted for the standards of one country may be poorly adjusted for a neighboring country. It is therefore now necessary to provide ringer circuits which differ considerably according to country.
A second problem consists in obtaining linear variation in the emitted acoustic power when the ringer circuit is connected to a unit for setting loudness, such a unit usually acting on the gain of the amplifier. In existing circuits that do not take the power of the ringer signal into account, loudness is allocated with respect to the power available at the nominal voltage of the ringer signal, so that if the ringer signal is not at its nominal voltage, then the available power is completely used up at low loudness settings and a change in setting tending to increase loudness above the level corresponding to the available power has no effect on the acoustic power provided by the loudspeaker, or may even give rise to motorboating, since the power demanded is then much greater than the power available.

Ringer circuit, particularly for a telephone set


A sensor head is provided. In any of the various aspects of the invention, the sensor head has a housing enclosing at least two light sources configured to deliver light to a patient and comprising a blue LED first light source that delivers light at an excitatory wavelength and a green LED second light source, and at least one light detector configured to detect light at an emission wavelength from the patient. The sensor is useful for non-invasive monitoring of fluorescent tracers agents.

The present disclosure relates generally to methods for non-invasive monitoring of a fluorescent tracer agent within a medium characterized by scattering and/or absorption of light. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to methods for non-invasive assessment of kidney function by monitoring the clearance of an exogenous fluorescent tracer within the tissues of a patient in vivo.
Dynamic monitoring of renal function in patients at the bedside in real time is highly desirable in order to minimize the risk of acute renal failure brought on by various clinical, physiological and pathological conditions. It is particularly important in the case of critically ill or injured patients because a large percentage of these patients face the risk of multiple organ failure (MOF) incited by one or more severe dysfunctions, such as: acute lung injury (ALI), adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), hypermetabolism, hypotension, persistent inflammation, and/or sepsis. Renal function may also be impaired due to kidney damage associated with administration of nephrotoxic drugs as part of a procedure such as angiography, diabetes, auto-immune disease, and other dysfunctions and/or insults causally linked to kidney damage. In order to assess a patient's status and to monitor the severity and/or progression of renal function over extended periods, there exists considerable interest in developing a simple, accurate, and continuous method for the determination of renal failure, preferably by non-invasive procedures.
Serum creatinine concentration, an endogenous marker of renal function, is typically measured from a blood sample and used, in combination with patient demographic factors such as weight, age, and/or ethnicity to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR), one measure of renal function. However, creatinine-based assessments of renal function may be prone to inaccuracies due to many potential factors, including: age, state of hydration, renal perfusion, muscle mass, dietary intake, and many other anthropometric and clinical variables. To compensate for these variances, a series of creatinine-based equations (most recently extended to cystatin C) have been developed which incorporate factors such as sex, race and other relevant factors for the estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on serum creatinine measurements. However, these eGFR equations are not provided with any means of compensating for most of the above sources of variance, and therefore have relatively poor accuracy. Further, the eGFR method typically yields results that lag behind true GFR by up to 72 hrs.
Exogenous marker compounds, such as inulin, iothalamate, 51Cr-EDTA, Gd-DTPA and 99mTc-DTPA have been used in existing methods for measuring GFR. Other endogenous markers, such as 123I and 125I labeled o-iodohippurate or 99mTc-MAG3 have been used to in other existing methods for assessing the tubular secretion process. However, the use of typical exogenous marker compounds may be accompanied by various undesirable effects including the introduction of radioactive materials and/or ionizing radiation into the patient, and laborious ex vivo handling of blood and urine samples, rendering existing methods using these exogenous markers unsuitable for real-time monitoring of renal function at a patient's bedside.
The availability of a real-time, accurate, repeatable measure of renal excretion rate using exogenous markers under patient-specific yet potentially changing circumstances would represent a substantial improvement over any currently practiced method. Moreover, a method that depends solely on the renal elimination of an exogenous chemical entity would provide a direct and continuous pharmacokinetic measurement requiring less subjective interpretation based upon age, muscle mass, blood pressure, etc.

Sensor head for non-invasive monitoring of a fluorescent tracer agent


A method and apparatus for updating a segmented bitmapped index to reflect a change made to data upon which the segmented index is based. Change records specifying changes to bitmap segments contained in the segmented bitmapped index are sorted by key value (bitmap segment) and row ID (bit) before being applied to the segmented bitmapped index. When the change records are being applied to the bitmap segment contained in the segmented bitmapped index, the index entry containing the bitmap segment to be updated is locked. If a new bitmap segment must be generated, the index entry covering a row in the data having a row ID less than the row ID of the change is first locked. Then a new index entry is generated, stored in the segmented bitmapped index, and the locked index entry unlocked. If the segmented bitmapped index does not contain an index entry covering a row in the data having a row ID less than the row ID of the change, then a dummy index entry is generated, stored in the segmented bitmapped index, and locked. A new index entry is then generated and stored in the segmented bitmapped index, after which the dummy index entry is unlocked and deleted.

In the context of indexes, a bitmap is a series of bits associated with both a body of records and a particular criteria. Each bit in the bitmap corresponds to one of the records in the body of records and serves as a flag to indicate whether the corresponding record satisfies the criteria associated with the bitmap. Typically, a bitmapped index contains one bitmap for each unique value stored in a particular column of a table, with each bit of the bitmap indicating whether a corresponding row of the table contains the unique value in the particular column.
Bitmapped indexes are useful tools for processing database queries because they can increase query processing performance while requiring relatively little storage space. However, for bitmapped indexes to remain valid, they must always accurately reflect the data upon which the bitmapped indexes are based. This means that bitmapped indexes must be updated whenever a change is made to the data upon which the bitmapped indexes are based. For a small number of changes, updating the associated bitmapped indexes may not require significant system resources. For example, some types of database queries, such as individual inserts and deletes, only require a few database changes, which are easily reflected in a bitmapped index.
On the other hand, some types of database queries, such as bulk data manipulation language (DML) statements, generate a large number of database changes which must be reflected in all associated bitmapped indexes for those bitmapped indexes to remain valid. Updating each of the bitmapped indexes to reflect a large number of changes to data upon which the bitmapped indexes are based can require significant system resources. This is particularly true when the results of a database query are not related to the physical arrangement of the bitmapped index data on disk. As a result, all of the bitmap changes for a particular bitmap may not all be applied at once, requiring some bitmaps to be updated many times. Each time a bitmap is to be updated, the bitmap must be read into memory, updated and written to back disk. In addition, each bitmap update requires that a lock be obtained on the bitmapped index entry containing the bitmap to be updated before the change is applied and then that the lock is released after the change is applied.
In view of both the benefits provided by bitmapped indexes and the resources required to update bitmapped indexes to reflect a large number of changes to data upon which bitmapped indexes are based, a method and apparatus for updating bitmapped indexes to reflect a large number of changes made to the data upon which the bitmapped indexes are based which reduces the resources required to make the changes to the bitmapped indexes are highly desirable.


A releasable connection made of plastic includes a sleeve-shaped central body having a first end connectable with a tube-shaped part and a second end axially receiving a junction piece having a circumferentially extending clamping rib. A rotatable clamping sleeve encircles the second end of the central body. The central body includes at least two radially deflectable resilient locking tabs with a cam surface on the interior of the clamping sleeve acting to selectively deflect the locking tabs radially inward to engage the junction piece. A first of the tabs is located to engage closely adjacent the clamping rib to prevent axial withdrawal of the junction piece and a second of the tabs is located at a position axially spaced from the first tab to radially position and stabilize the junction piece in the central body.

The subject invention relates to a releasable clamping type connection made of plastic having a sleeve-shaped central body which is connectable at a first terminal zone with a tubular part, such as a tube or hose, and at a second terminal zone with a junction piece. The sleeve-shaped body carries a rotatable clamping sleeve. Between the outer circumference of the sleeve-shaped body and the inner circumference of the clamping sleeve there is arranged at least one bayonet-shaped locking piece.
The generally known state of the art is to functionally and safety connect tube or hose sections by means of a clamping connector which is made of plastic and includes a rotatable clamping sleeve which acts upon bayonet-shaped locking pieces to move them radially from an open position to a closed position.
It is the objective of the present invention to improve such a clamping connector in such manner that with a simple construction there is guaranteed a perfect and secure holding of the tube-shaped parts being coupled.


A technique enables a control unit to perform checksum operations for packets, which operations are otherwise performed by a host computer of a computer network. The technique involves the use of two data links coupled between the host and control unit; one data link is used for exchanging "normal" IP packets without checksum operations performed thereon by the control unit and the other link is used for exchanging IP packets that have undergone or will undergo checksum operations by the control unit. By "offloading" checksum operations to the control unit, the technique reduces processor cycles consumed by the host, thereby improving the performance of the host computer and network.

Data communication in a computer network involves the exchange of data between two or more entities interconnected by communication links. The entities are typically software programs executing on hardware computer platforms, such as nodes; in particular, communication software executing on the nodes correlate and manage data communication with other nodes. The nodes typically communicate by exchanging discrete packets or frames of data according to predefined protocols. In this context, a protocol consists of a set of rules defining how the nodes interact with each other. Collectively, these hardware and software components comprise a communications network and their interconnections are defined by an underlying architecture.
Modern communications network architectures are typically organized as a series of hardware and software levels or "layers" within each nodc that interact to format data for transfer over the network. Predetermined services are performed on the data as it passes through each layer and the layers communicate with each other by means of the predefined protocols. The lower layers of these architectures are typically implemented in hardware and firmware, whereas the higher layers are generally implemented in the form of software running on the nodes attached to the network. Examples of such communications architectures include the the Internet communications architecture and the Systems Network Architecture (SNA) developed by International business Machines (IBM) Corporation.
SNA is a mainframe-oriented network architecture that includes services generally similar to those defined in the Internet communications architecture. An SNA network consists of nodes and links, wherein the nodes are network components containing protocol implementations and the links are transmission facilities that carry data between two nodes configured to operate a data link control procedure. Examples of such nodes include a host mainframe computer, a control unit and an input/output (I/O) device that provides a user interface to the network. In one embodiment of the SNA network, the control unit and I/O device may be combined within a node, such as a workstation, that is coupled to a endstation node through a network cloud, such as an SNA or Internet protocol (IP) cloud. In another embodiment, the control unit may be independent of the workstation and include a router to enable routing of data through the network to destination nodes, such as workstations.
The host is typically connected to the control unit through a high-performance communication subsystem called a mainframe channel. The channel comprises a plurality of components including an intelligent processor (i.e., channel CPU) that manages the protocol over the communications link and controls transfer of data between host (main memory) storage and I/O devices directly attached to the control unit. To that end, a channel may use one or more channel paths as the actual links between a host and the control unit. Channel paths include physical transmission links between the channel and control unit; examples of channel paths include bus-and-tag and enterprise system connection (ESCON) channel paths. Moreover, each I/O device is represented by a subchannel. A subchannel is similar to a virtual circuit in that it provides information about the associated I/O device and its attachment to the channel.
When communicating with an endstation by exchanging data packets over the channel and network, the host computer typically performs operations on the packets to ensure the accuracy of communication. An example of such an operation performed by the transport layer of a protocol stack in the host computer is a checksumming operation for certain packets, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) packets and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packets. A checksum is an error detection and recovery service that involves processing various header and information fields of a packet through an arithmetic algorithm. The checksum is typically calculated by a source node (such as a host computer) when building a TCP (or UDP) header for a packet and the resulting checksum value is loaded into the packet before transmission over a channel. Specifically, the checksum is calculated in accordance with a conventional algorithm (e.g., a TCP or UDP checksum algorithm) such that the sum of all the data, including portions of the headers, results in a checksum value that is then stored in a checksum field of a corresponding header. A destination node (which may also be a host computer) recalculates the checksum using an identical algorithm and verifies the results of the checksum algorithm. If the destination-node cannot verify the results, the received packet is considered to be in error and is discarded.
It can be appreciated that a checksum operation is a significant processing function typically performed by the host computer. However, it can also be appreciated that such processing is expensive from the point of view of the host computer receiving or sending the packets. It would be desirable to relieve the host computer of such processing and still ensure the accuracy of communication over a network; the present invention is directed to a technique by which the host computer can offload performance of such an operation to the control unit.


An exteremely sensitive stainless steel bobber that will fit practically any fishing rod or pole. The bobber includes a first loop through which a fishing line passes; a second, very flexible loop for sensing pull exerted on the fishing line; a securing assembly for mounting the bobber on the end of a fishing pole or rod; and an indicator for signalling the presence of a biting fish.

The present invention relates to fishing equipment and more particularly to an extremely sensitive spring bobber. The spring bobber is attached to the tip end of a fishing rod (or pole) and replaces the conventional floating bobber.
Fish have an instinctive ability to survive while feeding. The fish relies upon sight, sound, taste, and an incredible wit. Once a feeding fish has accepted the bait into it's mouth, the bait must meet all expectations before it will be consumed. If the expectations are not all met, the fish simply releases the food and the odds are against the fisherman most of the time when using a hook and line.
A hook, line, sinker and line float (bobber) plus a rod and bait are all used to trick a fish into biting. This offering is far from a natural presentation. Feeding fish will inhale and taste the bait, sucking if off the hook when possible. Fish will not accept the bait if it is offered in an unnatural manner. The unnatural appearance and weight of bait (and lures) and the overpowering resistance of a sinker, line float and rod tension is not natural enough for fish to normally accept in their daily feeding habits.
Using a sinker and line float the bait is suspended at a depth set by the fisherman. This may or may not be at the level of feeding fish., called the strike zone. The fisherman can see his line float and only hope that is at the proper depth to catch fish. However, under water the line, sinker and bait may be wrapped around weeds and a wrongly guessed depth will simply keep the bait too far away from the fish.
The prior art known to applicant which relates to the present invention is found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,143,822 (Schooley), U.S. Pat. No. 3,529,375 (Dey) and U.S. Pat. No. 3,950,880 (Polaszek). The Schooley patent discloses a bite signaling device comprising a leaf spring secured to a fishing rod at one end and an aperture member at the other end. The Dey patent discloses a fish bite indicator comprising a wire member bent upon itself at its midpoint to form a loop at one end with the other ends of the wire secured to the fishing rod. The Polaszek patent shows a bite signaling device having a housing attached to the end of a fishing rod, a coiled spring member mounted within the housing and a wand member attached to the coiled spring.


A beverage capsule storage apparatus and method of use is described. Embodiments of the beverage capsule storage apparatus are typically comprised substantially of a resilient foam panel having a rectangular shape. The foam panel includes a plurality of apertures each adapted to receive a beverage capsule. Beverage capsules include capsules and pods used in single cup brewers. Additionally, an adhesive layer can be included to removably couple the apparatus to a cupboard door or other surface.

Single cup coffee dispensers such as a Keurig® coffee maker are becoming increasingly popular. Typically, single cup coffee dispensers require a coffee pod or coffee capsule. A coffee capsule generally includes pre-ground coffee secured within a relatively small disposable container adapted to provide a single cup of coffee when used with a single cup coffee dispenser. However, storing the plurality of coffee capsules can be burdensome. The quantity of coffee capsules to be stored and readily accessible, along with the varieties of coffee and/or flavoring on labels that need to be easily seen, make effectively and efficiently storing coffee capsules arduous.
Prior art products include wire rack storage devices, for example. The problem with these types of storage devices is that they take up valuable shelf and/or cabinet space. Hence, a better apparatus and method to store coffee capsules remains a long felt need for owners of single cup coffee dispensers.

Method and apparatus for beverage capsule storage


A method of adding a co-teacher to an original teacher's class notebook can include, in response to receiving a request, at a client device, to add a co-teacher to a class notebook managed by a classroom notebook application, assigning the co-teacher full read/write permissions to the teacher's class notebook including any section groups having connected role inheritances. The co-teacher is also assigned full read/write permissions to the student-specific section groups and the collaboration space section group, which are all in the class notebook and which have broken permission inheritance. To protect the teacher's personal folder, which is a parent folder to the teacher's class notebook, the classroom notebook application removes the co-teacher's permissions to the teacher's personal folder.

A notebook application refers to an application that allows users to save and curate content, often collected from online resources through "clippers" or typed, "inked" (using a stylus), or pasted into a notebook directly by the user. In addition to providing tools for inputting and organizing the collected content, some notebook applications include sharing and collaboration features. Notebook applications may be stand-alone applications or web-based. Examples of notebook applications include Microsoft OneNote®, Evernote®, and Google® Notebook (now discontinued).
The sharing and collaboration features of certain notebook applications, such as Microsoft OneNote®, and SMART Notebook® can be useful in educational environments, providing a platform for interactive learning as well as distance learning. Access to a particular lesson plan or notebook may vary depending on the particular notebook application and platform.

Managing access permissions to class notebooks and their section groups in a notebook application


A pin contact for pressing into electrical engagement with a plated section in a hole in a circuit board. The contact includes a deformable portion for engaging the plated section with a feed-through portion and a terminal portion at opposite ends thereof. An end part of the deformable portion adjacent to the feed-through portion is deformed prior to insertion of the deformable portion into the hole. This substantially eliminates deviation of the feed-through portion from a central longitudinal axis or rotational deviation of the contact caused by pressing of the contact into the hole. A method and apparatus for making the contact are also disclosed.

Circuit boards are often provided with plated through holes for facilitating electrical connection to conductive traces on the board. Typically so-called pin contacts are provided for making such connections. A prior art pin contact 1 is shown in FIG. 1. The pin contact 1 includes a feed-through portion 2 for insertion into a plated through hole 10 (see FIG. 5) in a circuit board 12 and a deformable portion 4 (an enlarged view of which is shown in FIG. 2) at an end of the feed-through portion 2. The deformable portion 4 is adapted to be forced into a plated section 14 of a plated through hole 10 which is electrically connected to a layer 16 in the board 12. As this occurs the deformable portion 4 is deformed and makes the required electrical connection between the pin contact 1 and the plated section 14. A plurality of pin contacts are usually mounted in a connector with their feed through portions 2 projecting therefrom. The feed-through portions 2 of the connector are threaded into a plurality of plated through holes 10 in the board as the connector is moved towards the board the deformable portions 4 of the connectors are deformed as described above. Customarily a shroud or other device with a plurality of closely spaced plated through holes for receipt of the feed-through portions is threaded over the feed-through portions 2. As each deformable portion 4 of a connector is pressed into each plated section 14 it is squeezed. As this squeezing occurs however the feed-through portion 2 of each contact 1 tends to become misaligned with the deformable portion 4 thereof. This occurs because the deformable portion may not be symmetrically formed with respect to a central longitudinal plane thereof, for example in the case of a so-called eye of a needle pin contact, of the type shown in FIG. 1, an aperture 18 in the deformable portion 4 may not be exactly centrally located with respect to a width of the contact and the thickness of sections 20 on either side of the deformable portion 4 may not be equal. Such asymmetry causes the feed-through portion 2 to become bent away from a central longitudinal axis 22 of the contact 1 so that its tip 24 becomes displaced by a distance d shown in FIG. 3 from the axis 22. FIGS. 3 and 4 show the shape of the contact 1 after it has been partially inserted into plated through hole 10. The board 12 is shown schematically in dashed lines in FIGS. 3 and 4. Such displacement of the tips 24 of typical prior art contacts which have been pressed into plated through holes of various different diameters (a-0.65 mm, b-0.70 mm, c-0.75 mm, d-0.80 mm) is demonstrated in FIG. 7. It can be seen that when the contacts are pressed into relatively small holes their tips 24 tend to be displaced to a greater extent. Due to manufacturing tolerances for printed circuit boards a certain range of hole diameters should work. The disadvantage of pressing the contacts into relatively larger diameter holes, as shown in FIG. 7d, is that the electrical connection between the contacts and the plated sections 14 is less effective. There is usually a requirement to mount a shroud or other device with a plurality of closely spaced holes over the feed-through portions of the contacts which often proves difficult or even impossible as a consequence of the displacement of the tips 24.
The misalignment could also be in a direction perpendicular to the one shown in FIG. 3 which results is the same problem when a shroud is to be mounted over the pin. For other types of press fit zones or deformable portions the feed-through portion may rotate. If the rotation is high, electrical connection to the feed-through portion can not be guaranteed.

Pin contact and method and apparatus for its manufacture


A serial-to-parallel converter circuit is constructed of a plurality of D flip-flops receiving, as a clock signal, data in a single signal of serial data stored in a ROM. Each D flip-flop transmits “high” data to a next stage through a latch operation every time a piece of the data is read from the ROM. The plurality of D flip-flops converts the signal of serial data to parallel data by producing output signals as control signals. According to this arrangement, a signal production circuit and a display device incorporating it become available which allow for a reduction in the capacity, cost, and dimensions of the storage means, and also in the wiring and substrate areas required around the storage means, through more efficient use of the data stored in the storage means.

Matrix-type display devices, such as capacitive flat matrix displays, liquid crystal displays, and plasma displays, share similar peripheral mechanism for voltage application and its control, although they differ from each other in materials used for display elements and voltages supplied to display panels. A schematic arrangement of a capacitive flat matrix display is illustrated as an example in a block diagram constituting FIG. 7. As disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 60-95495/1985 (Tokukaisho 60-95495; published on 28 May, 1985), a display panel (EL panel) 71 of a capacitive flat matrix display shown in FIG. 7 includes: an electroluminescence element (hereinafter, will be referred to as an EL element) as an light emitting layer; transparent electrodes provided as data electrodes 71a on one of two surfaces of the EL element; and backside electrodes provided as scanning electrodes 71b on the other surface of the EL element. A pixel is formed at every crossing point of the data electrodes 71a and the scanning electrodes 71b, so the display panel 71 has pixels arranged in a matrix form.
A scanning driver 72 is connected to the scanning electrodes 71b, supplying predetermined voltage to the scanning electrodes 71b through operation of a shift register circuit 73. A data driver 74 is connected to the data electrodes 71a, supplying predetermined voltage to the data electrodes 71a through operation of a shift register and latch circuit 75. A drive circuit 76 includes a write drive circuit 76a and a modulation drive circuit 76b and produces a high voltage for the display panel 71 from voltage, VD, (for example, 12V) for use in a drive circuit supplied from a power source 80 according to a control signal input from a drive logic circuit 77. The write drive circuit 76a supplies write voltage (for example, 200V) to the scanning driver 72 which then supplies the voltage to pixels illuminate the display panel 71. The modulation drive circuit 76b supplies modulation voltage (for example, 40V) to the data driver 74 which then turns on or off the EL elements according to display data.
The drive logic circuit 77 produces timing signals (control signals) 78 and 79 to drive the display panel 71 from voltage, VL, (for example, 5V) for use in a logic circuit supplied from the power source 80 according to display data D and input signals including clock signals CK for display data transfer, horizontal synchronous signals H, and vertical synchronous signals V. The data (digital data) to produce the timing signals 78 and 79 is stored in an internal ROM (Read Only Memory) 77a. The timing signal 78 is used to control the timing of the write voltage supply from the write drive circuit 76a. Meanwhile, the timing signal 79 is used to control the timing of the modulation voltage supply from the modulation drive circuit 76a.
FIG. 8(a) and FIG. 8(b) show a control signal production circuit 81 for write drive provided inside the drive logic circuit 77, a timing chart of its control signals, and a waveform of a write drive voltage supplied to the display panel 71. As shown in FIG. 8(a), The ROM 77a provides four control signals W1 (write 1), W2 (write 2), D1 (discharge 1), and D2 (discharge 2) as parallel data for transistor control. Then, as shown in FIG. 8(b), the control signal W1 rises first among the four control signals to charge from 0V to 100V (first charge). The control signal W2 subsequently rises to charge form 100V to 200V (second charge). When being charged to 200V, the EL element luminesces. When the EL element is to be turned off, the control signal D1 rises to discharge from 200V to 100V (first discharge). The control signal D2 subsequently rises to discharge from 100V to 0V (second discharge).
In a conventional control signal production circuit 81, as detailed in the above, the ROM 77a stores all the data required to drive the display panel 71 for each kind of control signals and therefore needs a large storage capacity. For example, in the case illustrated in FIG. 8(a) and FIG. 8(b), the ROM 77a must store all the data representative of "high" and "low" level sections of each of the control signals W1, W2, D1, and D2. Besides, since the ROM 77a provides parallel data for each of the control signals, an increased number of output lines are required to transfer a large amount of data per unit time. For these reasons, the conventional control signal production circuit 81 has problems including overgrown dimensions and cost of the ROM 77a due to too large an amount of data, increases in the wiring area to enable parallel transfer of data and also in the substrate area.

Signal production circuit and display device using the same


An electronic device with a camera invokes a wireless communications pairing mode for pairing the electronic device with an external device. The electronic device obtains an image via the camera. The image contains a pattern displayed on a display screen of the external device, and the pattern comprises identifying information of the external device. The electronic device receives data from the external device, determines whether the received data corresponds with the identifying information, and, in response to a determination that the received data corresponds with the identifying information, registers the external device as a paired device. In some examples, the electronic device is a smartphone and the external device is a wearable electronic device. Pairing the electronic device and the external device may allow the devices to exchange information and operate interactively with one another.

1. Field
The present disclosure relates generally to computer user interfaces, and more specifically to user interfaces and techniques for setting up an electronic device.
2. Description of Related Art
Modern electronic devices often have many customizable features that can be set by a user according to the user's preferences. These features may include the ability to perform various tasks or services which a user may turn on or off based on personal preferences regarding privacy, data usage, battery life, or the like. Thus, there is an opportunity to provide techniques and interfaces for allowing a user to set up and configure an electronic device. Modern electronic devices are also capable of communicating with other electronic devices via, for example, wireless communication. The ability to communicate with other devices may allow devices to share information and interact with each other. Thus, there is also an opportunity to provide techniques for establishing communication between devices and to use the communication to improve a setup process.


A capacitor strap that is applied to a security tag coil or antenna to form and properly tune an EAS or an RFID security tag. The capacitor strap is a thin film capacitor formed of two metal foils in between which is a dielectric material having ends that are electrically coupled to different points of a security tag coil or antenna. The capacitor strap may include an RFID integrated circuit, either in series or in parallel with the capacitor, which is then applied to security tag coil at a particular location to tune the tag to a predetermined frequency.

1. Field of Invention
The current invention relates to security tags and more particularly, discloses a capacitor strap that can be applied to an EAS or RFID coil or antenna to complete the EAS or RFID tag.
2. Description of Related Art
Electronic article surveillance (EAS) security tags, typically comprise a resonant circuit that utilize at least one coil and at least one capacitor that operate to resonate when exposed to a predetermined electromagnetic field (e.g., 8.2 MHz) to which the EAS tag is exposed. By way of example only, the coil and the capacitor are etched on a substrate whereby a multi-turn conductive trace (thereby forming the coil) terminates in a conductive trace pad which forms one plate of the capacitor. On the opposite side of the substrate another conductive trace pad is etched to form the second capacitor plate, while an electrical connection is made through the substrate from this second plate to the other end of the coil on the first side of the substrate; the non-conductive substrate then acts as a dielectric between the two conductive trace pads to form the capacitor. Thus, a resonant circuit is formed. Various different resonant tag products are commercially available and described in issued patents, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,172,461; 5,108,822; 4,835,524; 4,658,264; and 4,567,473 all describe and disclose electrical surveillance tag structures. However, such products utilize, and indeed require, substrates which use patterned sides of conductive material on both face surfaces of the substrate for proper operation. Special conductive structures and manufacturing techniques must be utilized on both substrate faces for producing such resonant tag products. Currently available EAS tag structures have numerous drawbacks. For example, since special patterning and etching techniques must be utilized on both sides of the available tags to produce the proper circuit, per unit processing time and costs are increased. Furthermore, the complexity of the manufacturing machinery required for production is also increased. Oftentimes, complex photo-etching processes are used to form the circuit structures. As may be appreciated, two sided photo-etching is generally time consuming and requires precise alignment of the patterns on both sides. Additional material is also necessary to pattern both sides, thus increasing the per unit material costs.
With particular regard to radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, RFID tags include an integrated circuit (IC) coupled to a resonant circuit as mentioned previously or coupled to an antenna (e.g., a dipole) which emits an information signal in response to a predetermined electromagnetic field (e.g., 13.56 MHz). Recently, the attachment of the IC has been accomplished by electrically-coupling conductive flanges to respective IC contacts to form a "chip strap." This chip strap is then electrically coupled to the resonant circuit or antenna. See for example U.S. Pat. No. 6,940,408 (Ferguson, et al.); U.S. Pat. No. 6,665,193 (Chung, et al.); U.S. Pat. No. 6,181,287 (Beigel); and U.S. Pat. No. 6,100,804 (Brady, et al.).
However, it has been determined that the formation of the capacitive element of the EAS circuit or of the RFID circuit is what substantively controls the tuning of the EAS resonant circuit, or the RFID circuit, to respond properly to the desired electromagnetic field. Thus, there remains a need for an EAS or RFID tag that can be efficiently formed and tuned properly, as well as a method for efficiently and accurately forming, as well as controlling the tuning of, an EAS tag or an RFID tag.
All references cited herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.