An electrical connector device is described and illustrated which includes a ferrite element and an integral conductor lead. The ferrite element and connector are preassembled to a thermocouple by a pair of dissimilar metal elongated wire leads. The connector, which includes the ferrite element, is attached to the leads at the end of the leads remote from the thermocouple. The leads pass through the connector housing in which the ferrite element is embedded and through the ferrite element.

This invention relates generally to electrical devices such as multi-part plug and socket assemblies, switches, feed through, test leads, signal wires, and relays, and more specifically relates to electrical devices that incorporate an antenna-effect inhibiting feature to protect the signals carried by the device from electromagnetic interference.
The invention related further to protecting electrical circuits from receiving electromagnetic interference which might be induced in conductors leading to the electrical circuit. More specifically the invention relates to electrical connectors which provide for suppression of electromagnetic interference by means which form part of the connector itself or as an accessory thereto.
It is known that electrical signals carried by connectors, or adjacent apparatus, may be subject to electromagnetic interference as the result of induced signals picked up from the radiation of adjacent electrical equipment, such interference results from leads acting as an antenna that senses stray electromagnetic radiation; accordingly, the sensing of stray signals in this manner is known as the "Antenna-effect". Various efforts have been made to avoid or suppress the result of the antenna-effect, but such efforts have been found to be inconvenient and/or expensive to implement, or both.
For example, it has been found in the past that antenna-effect stray signals can be avoided by encapsulating leads in sheaths of magnetic-shielding sheet material, or by determining the strength of nearby stray signal fields and then moving all such nearby sources to a physical distance from the leads that has been calculated to prevent the possibility of undesired signals being picked up by electromagnetic induction. It can be seen, readily, that such preventive methods and techniques are indeed costly and inconvenient. Other attempts to reduce or avoid antenna-effect stray signals have involved the use of ferrite cores. However, until now such uses have required additional circuit elements, such as insertion of a jumper cable, having a permanently included ferrite core, in series with the main conductors in the circuit; or, awkwardly and inconveniently surrounding one or more of the circuit conductors with separately applied ferrite cores.
It is established practice, in industries that make use of thermocouple sensors, to couple the sensor into a related electrical circuit by means of an electrical connector. When for example thermocouples are connected to instruments such as panel meters, controllers and transmitters, the input signal from the sensor or transducer usually travels substantial distances along fine gauge electrically conductive wire leads. The length and nature of such leads and the environment in which they must function often create conditions that favour occurrence of the antenna-effect. In many cases, the leads or signal wires from a sensor or thermocouple are first attached, for convenience, to an electrical connector, for coupling to an instrument or the like. As soon as the conductors of the connector are electrically coupled to the circuit, a potential antenna is created. Of particular importance are thermocouple connectors which are particularly susceptible to the antenna-effect because of the long lead conductive path of the conductors themselves and the high input impedance of the instrumentation.
This invention applies to the fields of use wherein there is necessity for including an electrical device in a low level signal circuit, e.g. a thermocouple sensor, and provides, a new apparatus for eliminating undesired electromagnetically-induced stray signals.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide means associated with an electrical device that is capable of removing stray signals that may be induced in the leads of the device.
It is another object of this invention to provide an apparatus for eliminating the effects of undesired stray signals in circuits, that is uncomplicated in design, and that is simple and relatively inexpensive to produce.
It is still another object of this invention to provide means associated with an electrical device for eliminating the effects of undesired stray signals in its circuits, that is easily adaptable to single-wire or multi-wire connections.
Another and further object of this invention is to provide means associated with an electrical device for eliminating the effects of undesired stray signals in its circuits, that can be manufactured easily in various configurations to accommodate differing circuit requirements.
And yet another and further object of this invention is to provide means associated with an electrical device for elimination of the effects of undesired stray signals in its circuits in which operative elements of the device may be configured to facilitate insertion and removal of wire conductors.
Other objects are to provide:
(A) In an electrical device e.g. a plug and socket, a switch or a relay, which includes two contact members with respective surfaces, for bringing into contact to establish an electrical connection, antenna-effect inhibiting means disposed adjacent to the connection surface of at least one said contact member. PA1 (B) An electrical device wherein said antenna-effect inhibiting means is a ferrite element, as defined herein. PA1 (C) An electrical device wherein said at least one contact member is one part of a multi-part plug and socket connector. PA1 (D) An electrical device wherein said antenna-effect inhibiting means is incorporated with said device. PA1 (E) An electrical device wherein said antenna-effect inhibiting means is a module separably incorporated with said device, or attachable thereon. PA1 (F) An electrical device wherein said antenna-effect inhibiting means surrounds said connection surface, and particularly may be a multi-part element assemblable about said connection surface. PA1 (G) An electrical device wherein said antenna-effect inhibiting means is incorporated in said one contact member, or forms a housing for said at least one contact member.
In another form the electrical device includes two or more discrete contact members with respective surfaces for bringing into contact to establish an electrical connection, and has respective antenna-effect inhibiting means disposed adjacent to the respective connection surface of each said contact member.
A feature of this invention is the provision for association with an electrical device of a signal inhibiting ferrite element that surrounds a wire lead intended for connection in a circuit, so as to prevent the propagation of stray signals through the device to undesired parts of the circuit.
The term "ferrite", as commonly understood in the electronics field, denotes a particular material having one or more oxides of iron in particulate form in a carrier such as a plastics material. This usage of the term "ferrite" is to be distinguished from the usual dictionary definition which is a generic name for a number of oxides of iron. In this specification, the term "ferrite" is to be understood as including within its scope any suitable material having an absorption and/or shielding effect as concerns electromagnetic waves which may be emitted at or adjacent to a zone of completion of an electrical circuit. Known ferrite elements consist of ferrite material sintered into a convenient shape. Other known "ferrite" materials for the suppression of electromagnetic interference are nickel-zinc compositions and manganese-zinc materials, of different compositions to permit selection of an optimum type for a given application; pressed parts, components, and powders are known.
It has been found that ferrite elements, when properly included in an electrical circuit, act as an electromagnetic "sponge" to absorb the unwanted electromagnetic wave energy and to reduce or eliminate the antenna-effect of the conductors with which the ferrite elements are associated.
These and other and further objects, features and advantages of this invention will be made apparent to those having skill in this art, by the following specification considered with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:


A grain storehouse includes a granary, a grain loading system, and a grain unloading system. The granary includes multiple storages arranged in a network format. The bottom of each storage is a tapered structure with a tapered surface downward, and the bottom of the tapered structure provides a switchable blanking exit. The grain loading system includes a lattice girder structure, a plurality of conveyors and multiple hoppers. The grain unloading system includes at least one conveyor that is located under the blanking exit. The present invention improves the automaticity and efficiency of grain loading and unloading of the grain storehouse, so that the grain can be transferred quickly.

Currently, grain storehouse is the main way to storage grain in China. Now, most of the grain storehouses are delivered by mobile transporters and loaders. During the process of loading and unloading, it is necessary to move the mechanical equipment frequently in the grain storehouse. This leads to heavy workload for laborers, more dust in the workplace, a bad work circumstance, a lot of idle time of mechanical equipment, and low operating efficiency, which greatly reduces the automation of grain loading and unloading of the grain storehouse. Therefore, the traditional grain storehouse has the problems which include low automation of loading and unloading, heavy laboring intensity and high operating costs, these make it difficult to transport the grain in a short time and cannot satisfy the demand for grain storage.

Grain storehouse and grain loading method thereof


A method for producing a shaped product having an opening by arranging a molding material including discontinuous carbon fibers and a thermoplastic resin on a mold and cold-pressing the molding material, wherein    (1) the mold has a portion serving as a closable cavity and    (2) the molding material to be arranged on the mold has a projected area larger than the projected area of the mold cavity, and wherein            in the cold pressing, the molding material flows to form an end part of the shaped product, the distance over which the molding material flows being longer than 0 mm but not longer than 150 mm.

Molding materials reinforced with carbon fibers have been extensively utilized not only as structural materials for airplanes, motor vehicles, and the like but also in general industrial applications, sports applications, or the like, such as tennis rackets, golf club shafts, and fishing rods, so as to take advantage of the high specific strength and specific modulus thereof. Examples of the forms of carbon fibers for use in such applications include woven fabric produced from continuous fibers, UD sheet in which fibers are parallel arranged unidirectionally, random sheet produced from cut fibers, and nonwoven fabric.
In recent years, composites employing thermoplastic resins in place of the conventional thermosetting resins as the matrix are attracting attention. For example, a molding method has been developed in which a molding base composed of a mat made of discontinuous long fibers, and a thermoplastic resin impregnated thereinto is heated to a temperature not lower than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin and introduced into a mold regulated so as to have a temperature not higher than the melting point or glass transition temperature, and the mold is then clamped to thereby perform formation.
In the method of forming a fiber-reinforced molding material described in patent document 1, for example, a fiber-reinforced molding material having a size not smaller than the projected area of the mold is placed and the excessive portions are removed by the shear force applied during mold clamping, in order to simplify the steps for shaped-product production and improve the operation efficiency. Patent document 2 describes a molding method in which two sheets of molding material are press-molded to thereby obtain a shaped product in which the minimum thickness of a flange part is smaller than the thickness of the wall surface of the opening.
Meanwhile, patent document 3 employs a configuration in which a random mat used in a charge ratio that is small relative to the shape of the mold is press-molded to thereby avoid the occurrence of excessive portions.
Patent document 4 describes a technique in which a flange part is press-molded first and the remaining part is press-molded next.

Method for producing shaped product with opening, and shaped product


A vehicle includes a body that extends lengthwise along a longitudinal axis, and defines an cargo area laterally bounded by a first lateral side wall and a second lateral side wall. A shade assembly includes a housing that is removably attached to the first lateral side wall. A retractable cover is retractably supported by the housing, and is extendable across the cargo area to cover the cargo area. A retractable net is retractably supported by the housing, and is extendable away from the housing to secure cargo relative to the body. The housing extends in a lengthwise direction along a central axis that is disposed substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis of the body, when attached to the first lateral side wall. The retractable cover and the retractable net each extend and retract independently of each other in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis.

Vehicles, such as a Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV), a station wagon, or a van, may include an cargo area that is generally defined by a roof of the vehicle above, a floor of the vehicle below, lateral opposing sidewalls of the vehicle, a liftgate at the rear of the vehicle, and a backrest of a passenger seat. Some vehicles may include a cargo shade that covers the cargo area. Typically, the cargo shade is attached to the backrest of the passenger seat, and is used in a fore/aft direction of the vehicle.


Phase change inks comprising a phase change ink carrier and a colorant compound of the formula

Disclosed herein are phase change inks. More specifically, disclosed herein are hot melt or phase change inks containing specific colorant compounds. One embodiment is directed to a phase change ink composition comprising a phase change ink carrier and a colorant compound of the formula
wherein R1 is (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) an alkyl group, (iii) an aryl group, (iv) an arylalkyl group, or (v) an alkylaryl group, R2 is (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) an alkyl group, (iii) an aryl group, (iv) an arylalkyl group, (v) an alkylaryl group, or (vi) a substituent other than an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl group, R3 is (i) an alkyl group, (ii) an aryl group, (iii) an arylalkyl group, (iv) an alkylaryl group, or (v) a substituent other than an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl group, m is an integer of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, R4 is (i) an alkyl group, (ii) an aryl group, (iii) an arylalkyl group, (iv) an alkylaryl group, or (v) a substituent other than an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl group, n is an integer of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, R5 is (i) an alkyl group, (ii) an aryl group, (iii) an arylalkyl group, (iv) an alkylaryl group, or (v) a substituent other than an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl group, p is an integer of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, R6 is (i) a direct bond, (ii) an alkylene group, (iii) an arylene group, (iv) an arylalkylene group, or (v) an alkylarylene group, R66 is (i) an alkylene group, (ii) an arylene group, (iii) an arylalkylene group, or (iv) an alkylarylene group, G is (1) a hydroxy group, (2) a carboxylic acid group, (3) an alkyl group having at least about 8 carbon atoms, (4) an aryl group, (5) an arylalkyl group having at least about 14 carbon atoms, (6) an alkylaryl group having at least about 14 carbon atoms, (7) a group of the formula
(8) a group of the formula
(9) a group of the formula
or (10) a group of the formula
R7 is (i) an alkyl group, (ii) an aryl group, (iii) an arylalkyl group, or (iv) an alkylaryl group, R8 is (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) an alkyl group, (iii) an aryl group, (iv) an arylalkyl group, or (v) an alkylaryl group, X is —O— or —NR9—, and R9 is (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) an alkyl group, (iii) an aryl group, (iv) an arylalkyl group, or (v) an alkylaryl group.
In general, phase change inks (sometimes referred to as "hot melt inks") are in the solid phase at ambient temperature, but exist in the liquid phase at the elevated operating temperature of an ink jet printing device. At the jet operating temperature, droplets of liquid ink are ejected from the printing device and, when the ink droplets contact the surface of the recording substrate, either directly or via an intermediate heated transfer belt or drum, they quickly solidify to form a predetermined pattern of solidified ink drops. Phase change inks have also been used in other printing technologies, such as gravure printing, as disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,496,879 and German Patent Publications DE 4205636AL and DE 4205713AL, the disclosures of each of which are totally incorporated herein by reference.
Phase change inks for color printing typically comprise a phase change ink carrier composition which is combined with a phase change ink compatible colorant. In a specific embodiment, a series of colored phase change inks can be formed by combining ink carrier compositions with compatible subtractive primary colorants. The subtractive primary colored phase change inks can comprise four component dyes, namely, cyan, magenta, yellow and black, although the inks are not limited to these four colors. These subtractive primary colored inks can be formed by using a single dye or a mixture of dyes. For example, magenta can be obtained by using a mixture of Solvent Red Dyes or a composite black can be obtained by mixing several dyes. U.S. Pat. No. 4,889,560, U.S. Pat. No. 4,889,761, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,372,852, the disclosures of each of which are totally incorporated herein by reference, teach that the subtractive primary colorants employed can comprise dyes from the classes of Color Index (C.I.) Solvent Dyes, Disperse Dyes, modified Acid and Direct Dyes, and Basic Dyes. The colorants can also include pigments, as disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,221,335, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference. U.S. Pat. No. 5,621,022, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, discloses the use of a specific class of polymeric dyes in phase change ink compositions.
Phase change inks have also been used for applications such as postal marking, industrial marking, and labelling.
Phase change inks are desirable for ink jet printers because they remain in a solid phase at room temperature during shipping, long term storage, and the like. In addition, the problems associated with nozzle clogging as a result of ink evaporation with liquid ink jet inks are largely eliminated, thereby improving the reliability of the ink jet printing. Further, in phase change ink jet printers wherein the ink droplets are applied directly onto the final recording substrate (for example, paper, transparency material, and the like), the droplets solidify immediately upon contact with the substrate, so that migration of ink along the printing medium is prevented and dot quality is improved.
Compositions suitable for use as phase change ink carrier compositions are known. Some representative examples of references disclosing such materials include U.S. Pat. No. 3,653,932, U.S. Pat. No. 4,390,369, U.S. Pat. No. 4,484,948, U.S. Pat. No. 4,684,956, U.S. Pat. No. 4,851,045, U.S. Pat. No. 4,889,560, U.S. Pat. No. 5,006,170, U.S. Pat. No. 5,151,120, U.S. Pat. No. 5,372,852, U.S. Pat. No. 5,496,879, European Patent Publication 0187352, European Patent Publication 0206286, German Patent Publication DE 4205636AL, German Patent Publication DE 4205713AL, and PCT Patent Application WO 94/04619, the disclosures of each of which are totally incorporated herein by reference. Suitable carrier materials can include paraffins, microcrystalline waxes, polyethylene waxes, ester waxes, fatty acids and other waxy materials, fatty amide containing materials, sulfonamide materials, resinous materials made from different natural sources (tall oil rosins and rosin esters, for example), and many synthetic resins, oligomers, polymers, and copolymers.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,395,078 (Jaeger), U.S. Pat. No. 6,422,695 (Jaeger), Canadian Patent Publication 2 355 533 (filed Aug. 20, 2001, published Feb. 23, 2002), European Patent Publication EP 1 182 232 (filed Aug. 17, 2001, published Feb. 27, 2001), Japanese Patent Publication JP 2002129044 (filed Aug. 8, 2001, published May 9, 2002), Brazilian Patent Publication PI01035819 (filed Aug. 22, 2001, published Mar. 26, 2002), and Mexican Patent Application 2001008418 (filed Aug. 20, 2001), the disclosures of each of which are totally incorporated herein by reference, disclose a compound having the formula
wherein at least one Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 is a halogen atom and any of Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 which is not a halogen atom is a hydrogen atom; and wherein R comprises at least two carbon atoms. The invention further encompasses inclusion of such compound into phase change ink carrier compositions, as well as printing methods utilizing such compound.
British Patent Publication GB 2 021 138 (Hohmann et al.), the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, discloses mixtures of dyestuffs of the formula
and of the formula
wherein R1, R2, and R3 denote C1–C4 alkyl, C1–C4 alkoxy, or halogen, and n denotes 2 or 3, which are suitable for dyeing polyester fibers by the exhaustion process. Dark blue and navy blue dyeings with good fastness properties are obtained.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,174,937 (Banning et al.), the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, discloses a phase change ink comprising a material of the formula
wherein X1, X2, X3 and X4 are segments comprising atoms selected from groups V and VI of the periodic table; wherein at least one R1 and R5 comprises at least 37 carbon units; and wherein R2, R3 and R4 each comprise at least one carbon unit. The invention further encompasses a composition of matter, as well as methods of reducing coefficients of friction of phase change ink formulations.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,507,864 (Jaeger et al.), the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, discloses a phase change ink composition that includes a combination of different dye types such as an anthraquinone dye and a xanthene dye, which is most preferably a rhodamine dye. While each dye type is insufficiently soluble with respect to favored carrier compositions to preserve color saturation in reduced ink quantity prints, the dye type combination permits increased dye loading and maintains print quality. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a favored carrier composition is adjusted to promote the colored form of a preferred rhodamine dye (C.I. Solvent Red 49) and mixed with a preferred anthraquinone dye (C.I. Solvent Red 172) whose concentration is kept below a critical level to prevent post printed blooming. The resulting preferred phase change ink compositions provide a magenta phase change ink with enhanced light fastness and color saturation, as well as good compatibility with preferred existing subtractive primary color phase change inks.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,902,841 (Jaeger et al.), the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, discloses a phase change ink composition wherein the ink composition utilizes a colorant in combination with a selected phase change ink carrier composition containing at least one hydroxy-functional fatty amide compound.
R. Butnaru et al.; "Researches on Dyeing of Cotton Fabrics with Acid Dyestuffs, Concomitantly with Crease-Resist Treatments," Cellulose Chem. Technol., 29, p. 471 (1995), the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, discloses an analysis of the results obtained on dyeing of cotton cellulosic fabrics with acid dyestuffs, on employing crease-resist agents with polyfunctional structure. The conclusion was reached that no chemical or physical bonds occur between dyestuffs and the fiber, the dyestuffs being fixed onto the resin's aminic groups formed as a result of the thermal, crease-resist treatment. Washing resistance of the cellulosic materials thus dyed attained the values obtained as a result of dyeing with direct dyestuffs, specific for these types of fibers.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,235,094 (Banning et al.), the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, discloses a compound having the formula
wherein R1, Z and the carbonyl can be comprised by a common ring, wherein R1 comprises a chromophore that absorbs light from the visible wavelength range, and wherein n is an integer that is at least 12. The invention also encompasses a solid phase change ink composition. Such composition includes a phase change ink carrier and a colorant. The colorant comprises a chromophore that absorbs light from the visible wavelength range, and has the formula
wherein R1, Z and the carbonyl can be comprised by a common ring, wherein n is an integer that is at least 12. Additionally, the invention encompasses a method of forming a colorant. A first compound having the formula
is reacted with a second compound having the formula Z(CH2)nCH3, wherein n is an integer that is at least 12, to form a third compound having the formula
wherein the third compound comprises a chromophore that absorbs light from the visible wavelength range.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,734,934 (Kolliker et al.), the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, discloses dyestuffs of the formula
wherein W is chlorine, bromine, cyano, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, carbonyl, phenoxycarbonyl, lower alkylthio, phenylthio, lower alkyl sulfonyl, or a grouping of the formula
wherein Z is —CO— or —SO2— and R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl, Y is lower alkylene, —CH2CH2OCH2CH2—, or —CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2—, X is a direct bond, —O—, —S—, —NH—, —COHN—, or —SO2NH—, R″ is lower alkyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, or phenyl substituted by chlorine, lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy, or bromine, the nucleus B is either unsubstituted or further monosubstituted by chlorine, lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy, E is NH2, OH, or NHT, and T is lower alkyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, lower alkyl phenyl, or phenoxyphenyl.
British Patent 687,807, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, discloses hydroxyethoxymethyl phenyl-amino-anthraquinone dyestuffs and derivatives thereof of the formula
wherein X is hydrogen or methyl, R is hydrogen or CH3OCH2CH2OZ, Z is hydrogen, hydroxy alkyl, or alkoxy alkyl, and Y is hydrogen, hydroxy, or
These compounds exhibit substantially enhanced substantivity for acetate rayon and have the ability to withstand the action of acid gas fumes such as the combustion products of industrial and engine fuels.
Japanese Patent Publication 63223064, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, discloses a blue coloring material for use in optical filters which is of the formula
wherein R1 to R3 are each H, alkyl, alkoxy alkyl, hydroxy alkyl, or halogen, R4 is acyl, (alkyl)carbamoyl, arylcarbamoyl, aralkylcarbamoyl, alkenylcarbamoyl, methanesulfonyl, or H, X is alkylene, alkylene-O-alkylene, or alkylene-S-alkylene, and n is 1 or 2. An example is 1-{4-(2-benzoyloxyethyl)anilino}-4-hydroxyanthraquinone.
"British Intelligence Objectives Subcommittee Report 1484", Publication Board No. 86139, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., 1947, p. 46–47, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated by reference, discloses the synthesis of 4-bromo-1:9-N-methylanthrapyridone and similar compounds.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,152,969 (Matsumoto et al.), the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, discloses a coloring matter which has a moderately bluish magenta color and an excellent lightfastness and can provide a wide range of color tones in the visible range when used together with yellow and cyan inks. A water-base ink composition or the like is prepared by using a sulfonic acid derivative of an anthrapyridone compound represented by general formula
as a magenta dye, wherein R1′ represents alkoxycarbonyl, carbonyl, or benzoyl; R2 represents hydrogen or alkyl; and R3 and R4 represent each independently hydrogen, halogeno, alkyl, or alkoxy.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,340,910 (Chamberlin et al.), the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, discloses an improved process for the synthesis of 1-cyano-3H-dibenz(f,ij) isoquinoline-2,7-dione compounds, and a process exhibiting improvements in quality of products, safety, fewer environmental concerns, and economics when compared to presently known processes. The compounds are useful as colorants for polyesters and selected compounds, and when combined with small quantities of certain red colorants are particularly efficacious as blue toners for polyesters.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,386,206 (Wingard, Jr. et al.), the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, discloses anthrapyridones prepared in high yields from 1-aminoanthraquinones or 1-alkylaminoanthraquinones and phenylacetyl halides when tertiary amides are employed as reaction media. The phenylacetyl halides can be generated in situ from phenylacetic acid and thionyl halide or phosgene.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,644,821 (Peter et al.), the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, discloses anthrapyridone dyestuffs of the general formula
wherein X stands for phenyl or alkylphenyl and Y stands for phenyl or tetrahydronaphthyl, either of which may carry any desired substituent or substituents other than solubilizing groups, such as sulfonic acid or carboxylic acid groups, and R represents hydrogen, methyl, Cl, Br, methoxy, or nitro.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,745,174 (Pruett et al.), the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, discloses fiber forming polyester compositions that exhibit improved whiteness by incorporating derivatives of dibenzoisoquinolinediones of the formula
wherein R is hydrogen, cycloalkyl, allyl, alkyl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, or cycloalkylalkylene; R1 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, or arylthio; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, carbalkoxy, carbaryloxy, carbaralkyloxy, carboxy, sulfamoyl, alkylsulfamoyl, dialkylsulfamoyl, alkylarylsulfamoyl, cycloalkylsulfamoyl, arylsulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylcarbamoyl, dialkylcarbamoyl, alkylarylcarbamoyl, cycloalkylcarbamoyl, arylcarbamoyl, 2-pyrrolidono, acylamido, or N-alkylacylamido; R3 is one or more groups selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, and alkoxy; and x is an integer of 1 to 5; wherein one or more alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio or aralkyl residues may contain one or more reactive groups selected from the group consisting of carboxy, carbalkoxy, carbaryloxy, N-alkyl-carbamoyloxy, carbamoyloxy, acyloxy, chlorocarbonyl, hydroxyl, cycloalkylcarbonyloxy, N-arylcarbamoyloxy, and N,N-dialkylcarbamoyloxy, wherein said alkyl and aryl groups may also have common substituents such as alkoxy, acyloxy, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, and acylamido.
While known compositions and processes are suitable for their intended purposes, a need remains for improved colorant compounds. In addition, a need remains for colorant compositions particularly suitable for use in phase change inks. Further, a need remains for colorant compounds with a desirable magenta color. Additionally, a need remains for colorant compounds with desirable thermal stability. There is also a need for colorant compounds with good lightfastness. In addition, there is a need for colorant compounds that exhibit desirable solubility characteristics in phase change ink carrier compositions. Further, there is a need for colorant compounds that, when incorporated into phase change inks, exhibit reduced migration within a layer of printed ink. Additionally, there is a need for colorant compounds that, when incorporated into phase change inks, exhibit reduced crystallization within a layer of printed ink. A need also remains for colorant compounds that, when incorporated into phase change inks, enable production of prints that maintain uniform color over long periods of time without unevenness or blotching. In addition, a need remains for colorant compounds that, when incorporated into phase change inks, enable production of prints that retain their original color over long periods of time. Further, a need remains for colorant compounds that, when incorporated into phase change inks, enable production of prints that exhibit reduced sensitivity to image discoloration upon contact with human fingertips. Additionally, a need remains for colorant compounds that can be incorporated into phase change inks in desirably high concentrations. There is also a need for colorant compounds that can be manufactured easily and practically.

Abstract: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, m, n, and p are as defined herein, R6 is a direct bond, an alkylene group, an arylene group, an arylalkylene group, or an alkylarylene group, R66 is an alkylene group, an arylene group, an arylalkylene group, or an alkylarylene group, G is a hydroxy group, a carboxylic acid group, an alkyl group having at least about 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an arylalkyl group having at least about 14 carbon atoms, an alkylaryl group having at least about 14 carbon atoms, a group of the formula

Abstract: a group of the formula

Abstract: a group of the formula

Abstract: or a group of the formula

Abstract: X is —O— or —NR9—, and R7, R8, and R9 are as defined herein.


Systems and methods are provided for dynamically selecting one or more networked cameras for providing real-time camera feeds to a video conference. The systems and methods may include identifying one or more networked cameras associated with an area of a conference participant. A server may analyze real-time camera feeds from the identified cameras, and select a video feed having a view of the participant. The server may provide the selected feed to the video conference via a conference bridge, and continue monitoring camera feeds of cameras associated with the participant's area for another camera feed having a better view of the participant. Networked cameras may include fixed and mobile cameras owned and operated by individuals that are not associated with the participant, but who have registered their cameras with the server for use in video conferences.

Cameras have become ubiquitous. In recent years, camera and networking technologies have advanced greatly while dropping in cost, making small robust, and cheap networked cameras available to consumers in many forms. Today, cameras with streaming capabilities such as security cameras, dash cams, mobile device cameras, wearable devices such as Google Glass™, etc. can capture real-time video and/or audio content, and stream the video and/or audio content in private or public networks. At any given time, many devices with these capabilities surround us in public settings, enabling the possibility of providing video camera streams with multiple views of an individual.

System and method for dynamically selecting networked cameras in a video conference


A conveying device for objects, in particular for bottles, having a first conveyor, a second conveyor and an intermediate buffer communicating with said first and second conveyors via a first transfer site. In order to increase the flexibility of such a conveying device, the first and second conveyors are connected to the buffer separately from one another via a respective first transfer site. Also, a switchable intermediate conveyor is provided, which bypasses the buffer and which is in conveying connection with the first and second conveyors via a respective second transfer site.

Such a conveying device is known from DE 198 24 846. The known conveying device is arranged between a blow-molding machine used for producing plastic bottles and a filling machine for filling these bottles. The conveying device comprises a buffer for temporarily storing bottles as well as a large number of star wheels. In particular, a transfer star wheel is provided, which is used for charging and discharging the buffer as well as for directly conveying the bottles between the two machines without making use of the buffer. The transfer star wheel communicates through respective transfer sites with the outfeed conveyor of the blow-molding machine and with the infeed conveyor of the filling machine. The transfer star wheel additionally communicates via a third transfer site with the buffer (through a charging and discharging star wheel). This charging and discharging star wheel is switched inoperative when direct conveying between the machines is possible. However, this structural design operates with a comparatively low flexibility and it only works when the conveying speeds are identical on both sides of the transfer star wheel.
According to a further embodiment, the charging and discharging star wheel is replaced by a conveyor unit which can be pivoted after the fashion of a track switch. When occupying a first position, the conveyor unit connects the transfer star wheel to the buffer and, when occupying a second position, the conveyor unit connects the transfer star wheel to the infeed point of a downstream machine so as to effect direct conveying. Also this embodiment needs identical speeds. In addition, the emptying of the buffer necessitates an inversion of the conveying direction, which is comparatively difficult to control.
A conveying device making use of a deflection into a buffer after the fashion of a track switch is known e.g. also from U.S. Pat. No. 6,152,291. The conveying device comprises a linear conveyor in the form of a conveyor belt communicating via a respective kind of track switch with an infeed conveyor and with an outfeed conveyor of a dynamic buffer. Whereas the infeed and outfeed conveyors of the buffer can operate at different speeds, the speed at which the linear conveyor can supply the articles to the first track switch and transport the articles away from the second track switch is determined by the direct connection through the continuous conveyor belt.


A cleaning system may have a trolley bucket assembly, a vacuum recovery tank, and a vacuum motor assembly. The trolley bucket assembly may have a bucket, a wheeled chassis, and a spigot fluidly connected to the bucket. A user may dispense and regulate the flow of cleaning liquid from the bucket through the spigot by manually adjusting the spigot. The tank may hold cleaning liquid and soil, and may have a bottom wall, a vacuum recovery inlet, and a transfer outlet through which cleaning liquid may be transferred to the bucket for reuse. The bottom wall may have an interior surface; and the transfer outlet may have an entry opening through which cleaning liquid from the tank enters the transfer outlet. The entry opening may be positioned above a portion of the interior surface, thereby inhibiting soil that settles on the interior surface portion from passing through the transfer outlet.

In areas of the United States and in other areas of the world, water is becoming less available, due in part to droughts, population increases, and the like. In fact, in some areas, water is either scarce or not available. In addition, in many areas, water consumption and water cost are increasing. Accordingly, organizations and individuals are looking for ways to conserve water and to reduce water consumption, including for example recycling and reusing water when possible and appropriate to do so.
One proposed aspect of water recycling and reuse involves the recycling and reuse of so-called "gray water." Gray water is a term used to describe the relatively clean waste water from sinks, showers, baths, dish washing machines, clothes washing machines, and the like—things that are found in many residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional buildings.
The process of cleaning, especially cleaning of commercial, industrial, and institutional buildings and other facilities, can consume a great deal of water. Accordingly, the use of gray water in cleaning has been proposed. This might include using gray water by itself or in combination with other cleaning chemicals. It also might include using gray water with various cleaning machines or other cleaning equipment. Another way to conserve water in the cleaning process is to recycle and reuse cleaning water—either potable water or gray water.
Although some ideas to address water conservation issues have been proposed, additional solutions are needed.

Portable liquid-recycling liquid-reusing cleaning system for hard surface flooring


A nest die for mechanically securing an electrical connector to a conductor wire is provided. The nest die includes a conductor receipt area and a lip. The receipt area has an outer periphery and a bottom surface. The lip is at the outer periphery of the receipt area. The outer periphery is sufficient to receive a free end of the conductor wire abutting the bottom surface and a lower face of the electrical connector on the lip. In this manner, the nest die can be used to easily and reproducibly seat the electrical connector in the die at a predetermined position on the conductor wire.

1. Field of the Disclosure
The present disclosure is related to nest dies for crimping connectors onto conductor wires. More particularly, the present disclosure is related to indent crimp die sets for mechanically securing electrical connectors to a conductor wire or bundle of conductor wires, as well as tools having such die sets.
2. Description of Related Art
Crimp tools, often hydraulically and/or electrically driven, are known and are generally used to mechanically secure a connector to conductor wires via compression or deformation (hereinafter "crimp" or "crimping") the electrical connector onto the conductor wires.
The crimping tools typically have a working head with a stationary crimp die and a movable crimp die, where the movable crimp die is operatively connected to a movable ram. In use, the electrical connector having the conductor wires therein is placed between the crimp die set and the movable ram is actuated so as to compress the electrical connector between the dies, to crimp the electrical connector onto the conductor wires. The crimp die sets can provide a circular crimp to the electrical connector, namely can deform the connector around its circumference. Alternately, the crimp die sets can provide an indent crimp, namely can deform the connector in a central location of one side of the connector.
The use of many prior art crimp tools have proven difficult due to the need to assemble the electrical connector at a desired location on the conductor wires and to maintain the desired location while locating that pre-crimped assembly in a desired location with the crimp die set.
Accordingly, it has been determined by the present disclosure that there is a continuing need for crimp die sets, crimp tools using such crimp die sets, and crimping methods that overcome, alleviate, and/or mitigate one or more of the aforementioned and other deleterious effects of the prior art.

Nest dies, indent crimp die sets, and crimp tools having such die sets


A liquid crystal polyester resin composition includes: (A) liquid crystal polyester; (B) talc; and (C) mica, in which the total amount ((B)+(C)) of the (B) talc and the (C) mica is in a range of 5 parts by mass to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) liquid crystal polyester, and a mass ratio ((B)/(C)) of a mass of the (B) talc to a mass of the (C) mica is in a range of 9/1 to 1/9.

A liquid crystal polyester has excellent thin wall moldability and high heat resistance. Accordingly, the liquid crystal polyester is employed for surface mounting electronic components such as connectors obtained by using a reflow soldering step, relays, and bobbins. In the field of information communication, high integration, miniaturization, thinning the wall, and shortening the height of surface mounting electronic components have been progressing. Among these, a tendency of thinning the wall is significant in connector components.
Representative examples of thin-walled connectors include a board to board connector used for bonding printed wiring boards and a connector for an FPC used for connecting a flexible printed circuit board (also abbreviated as an FPC) and a flexible flat cable (also abbreviated as an FFC). The Board to Board connector or the connector for an FPC has been required to save the space in the area for mounting the connector, together with the miniaturization of an electronic device for which a printed wiring board is used. For example, a narrow pitch connector obtained by setting the pitch between metal terminals of the connector to 0.35 mm or less is provided. Further, a connector with a low height obtained by setting the thickness dimension (a so-called stacking height) in a state in which the connector is fitted to 0.6 mmt or less is also provided.
In a case where such demands for narrowing the pitch and shortening the height are intended to be satisfied, the dimension of a liquid crystal polyester molded product that holds a metal terminal needs to be decreased, and thus there is a possibility that the strength of the connector becomes extremely weak and the practical strength cannot be maintained. In other words, in a case where the thickness of a connector is decreased, a possibility that breakage such as twisting or cracking of the connector occurs is increased due to the stress generated at the time of handling or mounting the connector.
Therefore, the liquid crystal polyester serving as a molding material of a thin-walled connector typified by a board to board connector or a connector for an FPC is required to have both of excellent thin wall fluidity and thin wall strength.
For example, in order to fill a portion that is thin-walled by approximately 1.0 mmt with a resin, it is necessary to decrease the amount of a filler. However, in a case where a composition containing a small amount of a filler is used, the strength becomes insufficient, and this results in a problem of warpage deformation during a heat treatment (hereinafter, also referred to as a "reflow treatment") in a reflow soldering step at the time of mounting.
In addition, a gap is generated between a metal terminal and a circuit formed on a substrate in a case where a connector warps during the reflow soldering step. In this case, the solder cannot maintain the volume enough to fill the gap. Therefore, the solder is solidified in a state in which the metal terminal and the circuit are separated from each other. As the result, a bonding defect in which electric conduction cannot be made may occur.
Further, in a case where the connector is cooled to room temperature and warpage deformation occurs, the metal terminal is separated from the circuit and thus a bonding defect in which electric conduction cannot be made is caused.
Accordingly, it is desirable that warpage deformation in the connector at the time of the heat treatment in the reflow soldering step is small and also required that warpage deformation in the connector in a state in which the solder is solidified during the reflow soldering step is small.
Patent Document 1 discloses, as a liquid crystal polyester having excellent heat resistance, moldability, and mechanical characteristics, a liquid crystalline polyester resin composition containing at least 100 parts by weight of (A) liquid crystalline polyester resin and 10 to 100 parts by weight of (B) talc, in which the ratio (a1/a2) of the oil absorption amount (a1) (ml/100 g) of the (B) talc to the specific surface area (a2) (m2/g) of the talc (B) in the composition is in a range of 14.0 to 26.0 (ml·g)/(100 g·m2), and the number-average particle diameter is in a range of 10 to 30 μm.
Patent Document 2 discloses a liquid crystal polymer composition used for reducing warpage of a molded product and formed by blending 1 to 200 parts by weight of talc with an average particle diameter of 5 to 100 μm and an aspect ratio of 3.0 to 5.0 into 100 parts by weight of a liquid crystalline polymer.
Further, Patent Document 3 discloses, as a liquid crystalline polyester resin composition having excellent heat resistance and impact resistance, a liquid crystalline polyester resin composition formed by blending 10 to 150 parts by weight of talc with an average particle diameter of 2.5 to 3.5 μm and 10 to 150 parts by weight of glass fibers with an average fiber diameter of 3 to 9 μm into 100 parts by weight of the liquid crystalline polyester resin.

Liquid-crystal polyester resin composition


An illumination system for a flat panel display device includes: a light guide plate made of an optically isotropic material; a light source disposed at a side of the light guide plate; an upper layer disposed on a top surface of the light guide plate and made of an optically anisotropic material; and a polarization selection emitting structure which is disposed at an interface of the light guide plate and the upper layer. The upper layer has two different refractive indices and one of the two refractive indices is the same as a refractive index of the light guide plate. In the polarization selection emitting structure differently polarized light is differently refracted, reflected, diffracted, or scattered based on polarization direction.

1. Field of the Invention
Apparatuses consistent with the present invention relate to an illumination system for a flat panel display device in which light, incident on a light guide plate from a light source disposed at a side of the illumination system, is polarized to be emitted to a flat panel display device.
2. Description of the Related Art
Typical flat panel display devices include light emission type flat panel display devices and light receiving type flat panel display devices. Liquid crystal displays (LCDs), which are a type of flat panel displays, are light receiving type displays that are not self-luminescent but which form an image using incident light from an external source. Thus, an external light source, for example, a backlight system, is installed on a rear side of an LCD so as to provide light for an image. Backlight systems for LCDs are generally either direct light emitting type backlight systems or edge light emitting type backlight systems.
In edge light emitting type backlight systems, a linear light source is installed at an end of an LCD panel, and a light guide plate uniformly guides light emitted from the light source to a rear side of the LCD panel.
However, since the light emitted through the light guide plate in a conventional backlight system is unpolarized, it cannot be used in an LCD and needs to be polarized using a polarization unit. In this procedure, a considerable amount of the light energy is lost and energy efficiency is reduced. Moreover, the lost light energy is changed into thermal energy, causing problems such as overheating. Accordingly, there is a need for a more efficient illumination system which provides polarized light.
Recently, illumination systems have been suggested in which light of one polarization is emitted to a light guide and light of another polarization is recycled, thereby improving efficiency, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,845,035 and 5,808,709.
In an illumination system disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,845,035, a refractive index difference at an interface between an optically isotropic layer and an optically anisotropic layer causes the total reflection of light of one polarization, thereby dividing incident light into polarization component. However, since the refractive index difference at the interface is not large enough, as discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,808,709, a collimation unit is required. The collimation unit causes light to be incident on the light guide at an angle at which the light will be totally reflected. However, the collimation unit may be insufficient, causing inefficient polarization separation.

Illumination system for flat panel display device


A circuit can be used for charging a capacitor with an AC voltage. In one embodiment, the circuit includes a capacitor coupled to be charged with the AC voltage. An adjustment is configured to adjust a capacitor charge speed according to a value of the AC voltage. The adjustment circuit includes at least one bipolar transistor coupled to receive a voltage at a base of the bipolar transistor. The voltage is a function of the value of the AC voltage.

Some known power dimmers comprise a switch of thyristor or triac type in series with the load, the assembly receiving an AC power supply voltage. A circuit controls the switch. In operation, the switch is turned on (closed) at an intermediate stage between the beginning and the end of each positive and/or negative halfwave of the power supply voltage, by application of a start signal on its gate. Once started, the switch remains on until the end of the halfwave. By varying the time of application of the start signal, it is possible to regulate the power supplied to the load.
The switch control circuit generally comprises a capacitor charged with the AC voltage and a start circuit capable of turning on the switch when the voltage across the capacitor exceeds a threshold. A potentiometer enables the user to control the capacitor charge speed, and thus the switch starting time.
A disadvantage of existing power dimmers is that, for a given setting of the potentiometer, in case of parasitic fluctuations of the amplitude of the AC power supply voltage, the capacitor charge speed varies and the power supplied to the load accordingly also varies. In the case where the load is a lighting device, this may result in visible light intensity variations.


A pattern defect inspection apparatus capable of detecting minute defects on a sample with high sensitivity without generating speckle noise in signals is realized. Substantially the same region on a surface of a wafer is detected by using two detectors at mutually different timings. Output signals from the two detectors are summed and averaged to eliminate noise. Since a large number of rays of illumination light are not simultaneously irradiated to the same region on the wafer, a pattern defect inspection apparatus capable of suppressing noise resulting from interference of a large number of rays, eliminating noise owing to other causes and detecting with high sensitivity minute defects on the sample without the occurrence of speckle noise in the signal can be accomplished.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a pattern defect inspection apparatus for detecting defects and foreign matters of a circuit pattern on a sample.
2. Description of the Related Art
Foreign matters and defects (short-circuit, wire breakage, etc) on a semiconductor wafer, if any, will result in insulation defects and short-circuits of wires and capacitors and film breakage of gate oxide films and eventually, in the defects of semiconductor devices in semiconductor production processes.
Structures of semiconductor devices have got more and more diversified and complicated in recent years. Semiconductor devices are classified into memory products that are constituted mainly of repetition patterns and logic products that are constituted mainly of non-repetition patterns, for example. Since product life of the semiconductor device products is relatively short, the production yield must be improved within a short period. It has thus become more important to reliably find out so-called "target defects" that must be managed during fabrication of the semiconductor devices.
The "target defect" includes voids and scratches in a CMP process in addition to foreign matters and pattern defects in a production process of each of film formation, etching and photolithography. The target defect includes further short-circuit and bridge in gate wiring and metal wiring portions such as aluminum and non-conduction and non-opening of contact apertures that connect wires.
SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) inspection technology and optical inspection technology are generally known as technology for detecting the target defects on the semiconductor wafer described above. The optical inspection technology is divided into bright visual field inspection technology and dark visual field inspection technology. The bright visual field inspection technology illuminates a wafer through an objective lens and condenses reflected and diffracted rays of light by a condenser lens. The rays of light so diffracted are subjected to photoelectric conversion by detectors and defects are detected by signal processing. On the other hand, the dark visual field inspection technology illuminates a wafer from outside NA (Numerical Aperture) of an objective lens and condenses scattered rays of light by an objective lens. The rays of light so condensed are subjected to signal processing to detect defects in the same way as in the bright visual field inspection technology.
As one of the optical type dark visual field inspection technologies, JP-A-62-89336, for example, describes a detection method that makes it possible to detect foreign matters and defects with high sensitivity and high reliability by irradiating a laser beam onto a wafer, detecting scattered rays of light from the foreign matters and comparing the result with an inspection result of the same kind of wafer inspected immediately before to eliminate false information due to patterns.
As the technology for inspecting the foreign matters described above, JP-A-1-117024, JP-A-4-152545 and JP-A-5-218163, for example, describe a detection method that irradiates coherent light to a wafer, removes the rays of light generated from repetition patterns on the wafer by using a spatial filter, and stresses and detects those foreign matters and defects which do not have repetition characteristics.
A method for detecting minute foreign matters by irradiating light to the same point from multiple directions and detecting scattered rays of light at mutually different angles is known, too (JP-A-11-258157, for example).

Pattern defect inspection apparatus and method


A capacitive touch panel and a display device using the capacitive touch panel are provided. The capacitive touch panel includes a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a dielectric layer disposed between two layers. The first electrode layer has a plurality of first A electrode strings and first B electrode strings extended along a first direction. The first A electrode string and the first B electrode string respectively has a plurality of first direction electrodes. The second electrode layer has a plurality of second direction electrodes connected in series along a second direction. The first A and B electrode strings are disconnected in the first electrode layer while they are simultaneously detected for presence of signal variation.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a capacitive touch panel and a display device using the capacitive touch panel.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Display panels and flat screen display device using display panels are becoming the mainstream in the field of display devices. For instance, flat television for home use, liquid crystal monitor of the personal computer or of the laptop, display screen of mobile phone and digital camera are products which incorporate the display panel as essential component. As the product design is becoming user-oriented, the usability of the product calls for the touch input function of the display panel which becomes an emphasis in the development of the display device industry.
As FIG. 1a shows, conventional Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) panel of with touch-input function includes a display panel 10 and a touch sensor 30. The touch panel 30 is disposed on the display surface 11 of the display panel 10. The images are displayed through the touch panel 30. The majority of touch panels includes resistive and capacitive touch panels.
As for the resistive touch panel 30, the operation principle includes using the voltage drop to locate the coordinates of the contact point. The touch panel 30 is composed of an upper layer and a lower layer and voltages are applied across two layers in two dimension. When the user physically points at the contact point, a conducting loop is created at the contact point. A voltage drop then occurs at the conducting loop which is then processed by the system. The system can then determine the location of the contact point. However the resistive touch panel 30 cannot accept multi-input simultaneously and also cannot process fingerprint recognition. Furthermore, a minimum applied pressure is required in order to create an effective conducting loop at the contact point, and thus the resistive touch panel 30 is subject to the limit of minimum applied force.
The operation principle of capacitive touch panel 30 is different to that of the resistive touch panel 30. As for the conventional capacitive touch panel shown in FIG. 1b, X direction electrodes 31 and Y direction electrodes 31 are respectively disposed on the upper and a lower layer. A difference in capacitance is created when the user physically points at the touch panel 30 using fingers or other objects. The system will be able to determine the contact point based on the difference in capacitance. As FIG. 1b shows, the electrodes 31 on the same row or column form continuous electrode strings. The electrode strings are arranged in accordance with X direction and Y direction of coordinate system. Excessive amount of electrodes 31 on the same row or the same column may result in excessive resistance or capacitance in the overall system. Furthermore, rows or columns of the electrode strings will be checked separately and thus it will be difficult to reduce the detect time and reaction time of the overall system.

Capacitive touch panel having first and second electrode strings disposed in differing directions in which at least one of the electrode strings comprises disconnected portions distributed in the same direction


A battery pack of one aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure comprises a battery, a control unit, a pair of external terminals, a first current cut-off unit, and a second current cut-off unit. The control unit determines whether the first current cut-off unit and the second current cut-off unit are normal or abnormal when neither charge nor discharge of the battery is performed. When the first current cut-off unit and the second current cut-off unit are both normal, the control unit turns the first current cut-off unit and the second current cut-off unit to an energized state. When at least one of the first current cut-off unit and the second current cut-off unit is abnormal, the control unit turns the first current cut-off unit or the second current cut-off unit to a cut-off state.

The present disclosure relates to a battery pack that includes a battery having at least one rechargeable battery and that performs charge from a charger to the battery and power supply (discharge) from the battery to a motor-driven appliance.
As disclosed in Published Japanese Patent No. 5281843, for example, a battery pack that is attached to a motor-driven appliance, such as a power tool and a motor-driven operating machine, and that supplies power thereto includes a battery having at least one rechargeable battery; a control circuit that monitors a battery voltage, a current flowing to the battery during charge to the battery, and a current flowing from the battery during discharge of the battery, to thereby control charge and discharge of the battery; and a pair of external terminals for electrical connection to an external device (charger or motor-driven appliance).
The battery pack may further include a protection element that inhibits a current from flowing through a current path connecting the battery and the external terminals, when an abnormality occurs in the battery pack.
If a current flows through the current path connecting the battery and the external terminals when the battery pack is abnormal, the protection element cuts off the electrical connection between the battery and the external terminals, and thereby protects the battery and the external device (charger or motor-driven appliance) from being damaged. The protection element may comprise, for example, a fuse, an SCP (self-control protector), or an FET.


A Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) communication system which allocates different sets of frequencies to cells with different transmission power levels. Based upon the transmission power levels of a base station for each cell, each base station is assigned to one of at least two groups of base stations. Each group of base stations is assigned a set of frequencies for traffic communication. The set of frequencies assigned to one group of base stations does not overlap with the set of frequencies assigned to a different group of base stations.

The cellular telephone industry has made phenomenal strides in commercial operations in the United States as well as the rest of the world. Growth in major metropolitan areas has far exceeded expectations and is outstripping system capacity. If this trend continues, the effects of rapid growth will soon reach even the smallest markets. Innovative solutions are required to meet these increasing capacity needs as well as to maintain high quality service and avoid rising prices.
Throughout the world, one important step in cellular systems is to change from analog to digital transmissions. Equally important is the choice of an effective digital transmission scheme for implementing the next generation of cellular technology. Furthermore, it is widely believed that the first generation of personal communication networks (PCN) (employing low cost, pocket-sized, cordless telephones that can be carried comfortably and used to make and receive calls in the home, office, street, car, etc.), would be provided by the cellular carriers using the next generation digital cellular system infrastructure and the cellular frequencies. The key feature demanded in these new systems is increased traffic capacity.
Currently, channel access is achieved using frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and time division multiple access (TDMA) methods. In FDMA, a communication channel is a single radio frequency band into which a signals transmission power is concentrated. Interference with adjacent channels is limited by the use of bandpass filters which only pass signal energy within the specified frequency band. Thus, with each channel being assigned a different frequency, system capacity is limited by the available frequencies as well as by limitations imposed by channel radios.
In TDMA systems, a channel consists of a time slot in a period train of time intervals over the same frequency. Each period of time slots is called a frame. A given signal's energy is confined to one of these time slots. Adjacent channel interference is limited by the use of a time gate or other synchronization element that only passes signal energy received at the proper time. Thus, the portion of the interference from different relative signal strength levels is reduced.
Capacity in a TDMA system is increased by compressing the transmission signal into a shorter time slot. As a result, the information must be transmitted at a correspondingly faster bit rate which increases the amount of occupied spectrum proportionally.
With FDMA or TDMA systems, or a hybrid FDMA/TDMA system, the goal is to ensure that two potentially interfering signals do not occupy the same frequency at the same time. In contrast, CDMA allows signals to overlap in both time and frequency. Thus, all CDMA signals share the same frequency spectrum. In either the frequency or the time domain, the multiple access signals appear to be on top of each other.
In principle, the information data stream to be transmitted is first coded or spread and then combined with a long PN-sequence or a shorter scrambling-sequence. In the latter case, the scrambling-sequences are planned from cell to cell so that neighboring cells use different scrambling-sequences or scrambling-masks. The information data stream and the PN-sequence or the scrambling sequence can have the same or different bit rates. The informational data stream and the PN-sequence or the scrambling-sequence are combined by multiplying the two bit streams together. Each information data stream or channel is allocated a unique spreading code. A plurality of coded information signals are transmitted on radio frequency carrier waves and jointly received as a composite signal at a receiver. Each of the coded signals overlaps all of the other coded signals, as well as noise related signals, in both frequency and time. By correlating the composite signal with one of the unique codes, a corresponding information signal is isolated and decoded.
There are a number of advantages associated with CDMA communication techniques. The capacity limits of CDMA based cellular systems are projected to be up to 20 times that of existing analog technology as a result of the properties of a wideband CDMA system, such as improved coding gain/modulation density, voice activating gating, sectorization and reuse of the same spectrum in every cell. CDMA transmission of voice by a high bit rate decoder ensures superior, realistic voice quality. CDMA also provides for variable data rates allowing many different grades of voice quality to be offered. The scrambled signal format of CDMA completely eliminates cross-talk and makes it very difficult and costly to eavesdrop or track calls, ensuring greater privacy to callers and greater immunity from air-time fraud.
Despite the numerous advantages offered by CDMA, problems can occur when the CDMA system contains different size cells which have different power levels. One problem is how to allocate frequencies between the different types of cells. While this problem can be easily handed in traditional FDMA or TDMA systems, the problem is quite serious in CDMA systems because all of the frequencies are used throughout the system. This problem occurs, for example, when microcells are used within umbrella cells and at the border between urban and rural areas where different size cells are used. The general problem is that the uplink (from mobile station to base station) and downlink (from base station to mobile station) handoff points are not located at the same place. The downlink handoff point is located closer to the microcell than the uplink handoff point.
FIG. 1 illustrates a typical scenario of the use of microcells within umbrella cells. An umbrella cell 10 contains a base station 12 and a plurality of microcells 14. Each microcell 14 contains a base station 16. In this example, a mobile station 18 is located near the umbrella base station 12 but is located in a microcell 14. The base station for an umbrella cell 10 generally operates at a power level which is much higher than the power level used for base stations of a microcell. Since the mobile station is located in the microcell 14 and is in communication with the base station 16, the high powered signals from the umbrella base station 12 may interfere with the communications between the mobile station 18 and the microcell base station 16. Since the umbrella base station is operating at a high power level, the interfering signals can easily be 10-20 decibels above the communication signal between the mobile station and the microcell base station. Even if the processing gain of the CDMA system is large enough to handle such interfering signals, the capacity of the system will be decreased. Furthermore, if the mobile station 18 were to connect to the umbrella cell base station 12, the mobile station 18 would have to increase its power which would interfere with the microcell base station 16 in the uplink direction.
FIG. 2 illustrates the problems that can occur around the border between small (urban) and large (rural) cells. A rural cell 20 contains a base station 22 and an urban cell 24 contains a base station 26. In this example, a mobile station is located near the border between the urban cell 24 and the rural cell 20. When the mobile station is moving in the direction of the arrow A, the question becomes to which cell does the mobile station belong. If the mobile station is connected to the base station 26 in the urban cell 24, the mobile station may encounter an interference from the signals from the rural base station 22 due to the different power levels between the rural and urban base stations. If the mobile station is connected to the base station 22 in the rural cell 20, the mobile station will have to increase the power of its own transmission in order to adequately communicate with the base station 22. As a result, the mobile station's transmission will interfere with the reception of the base station 26 since the mobile station is closer to that base station.


A touch panel includes a first sensor panel including at least one receiving electrode, a second sensor panel including at least one transmission electrode, and overlaid on the first sensor panel, and a third sensor panel including a predetermined electrode at least a part of which overlaps with the one transmission electrode, and overlaid on the second sensor panel. A transmission signal identical to that for the one transmission electrode can be applied on the predetermined electrode.

An example of an electronic device employing a touch panel is described in Patent Documents 1 and 2. As known widely, a touch panel is overlaid on a display device (e.g., a liquid crystal display) for displaying an image. Here, in the touch panel, an integrated construction consisting of a protection glass, a sensor (glass, film), and a touch panel controller is referred to as a touch panel module. Further, a construction consisting of a touch panel module and a display device is referred to as a touch panel unit.
In a portable phone described in Patent Document 1, in order that when a user grasps the device in whatever manner, key operation should be achieved easily, the part of the device grasped by the user is detected by a sensor and then the display region is shifted depending on the situation. On the other hand, in a display apparatus with touch panel described in Patent Document 2, in order that erroneous detection in the touch panel caused by driving of the display apparatus should be avoided, each sensor electrode of the touch panel is selected one by one and then contact of a conductor (a finger) at the position corresponding to the selected sensor electrode is judged.

PANASONIC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CORPORATION OF AMERICA


A monitoring control system including: at least one transmission monitoring control subsystem that performs monitoring control of a power transmission system; at least one distribution monitoring control subsystem that performs monitoring control of a power distribution system; a calculation server that stores outage plan names related to outages of the power transmission system and outages of the power distribution system; and a network that connects the transmission monitoring control subsystem, the distribution monitoring control subsystem, and the calculation server. The monitoring control system performs monitoring control of the power transmission system and the power distribution system based on the outage plan name.

Electric power systems that supply electric power from a power generation plant to consumer loads are classified into power transmission systems and power distribution systems. A power transmission system transmits electric power generated at a power generation plant to a transmission substation via a primary transmission line and transmits the electric power that has been stepped down at the transmission substation to a distribution substation via a secondary transmission line. A power distribution system supplies the electric power that has been stepped down at the distribution substation to consumer loads via distribution lines. There has been known a monitoring control system that performs monitoring control of the electric power system as above described. The monitoring control system includes a transmission monitoring control system that performs monitoring control of the power transmission system, a distribution monitoring control system that performs monitoring control of the power distribution system, and a facility state monitoring system that monitors the states of facility devices and supports maintenance duties.
In the electric power system, work such as expansion and maintenance/inspection of facilities is performed in some cases. In this case, in order to eliminate or minimize power outage to consumer loads, work such as system switching in the power transmission system, section switching in the power distribution system is performed. Prior to execution of such work, an outage plan is first created, and then a procedure schedule that defines individual operations for facilities or devices is created on the basis of the outage plan (for example, refer to Patent Literature 1 below).

Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation

Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Incorporated


A plunger assembly for use in a glass bottle forming machine permitting quick exchange and self-aligning of a plunger held on a plunger driving piston comprising a plunger having an annular recess, an adapter having a plurality of stepped radial bores extending from a central bore into an annular groove, a plurality of retaining balls, one in each radial bore, a split ring sized to fit in the annular groove and an annular retaining spring for biasing the split ring and retaining balls in the annular groove in the plunger such that the plunger can be snapped into the adapter and held in place during bottle making.

This invention relates to equipment for the manufacture of glass containers and, more particularly, to the equipment associated with the formation of the parison in the blank mold of an I.S. (individual section) machine.
During the initial stage of the formation of a glass container on an I.S. machine, a gob of molten glass is delivered to a blank mold. The gob is settled into the blank mold and a plunger is pressed into the center of the gob to form a hollow parison. An elongate plunger is pressed a substantial distance into the gob in the well-known press-and-blow process. In the well-known blow-and-blow process, a shorter plunger is pressed into the gob to form a pocket and is then withdrawn. Air is then forced into the pocket to form the hollow parison. In each process, the hollow parison is transferred to a final mold and blown into the final shape.
In either process, the press-and-blow process or the blow-and-blow-process, the plungers must be secured to a reciprocating piston. The plungers must be secured in a manner to align them with the axis of the piston, to be held so as not to wobble and to be easily connected and disconnected to and from the piston. Since the I.S. machines are designed to make many different bottle shapes and sizes, it is necessary to be able to remove and replace the plungers at the time the blank molds are changed to make a different style bottle.
Over the years, a number of plunger assemblies for securing the plungers to the reciprocating pistons have been considered. Perhaps the earliest plunger assembly is that described with reference to FIG. 1 of Davis U.S. Pat. No. 4,033,744 entitled xe2x80x9cPlunger Assembly for a Glass Forming Machine.xe2x80x9d In that assembly, a plunger head is threaded to the end of the piston and the plunger is held on the plunger head by two split rings. The plunger assembly is located within a guide cylinder to maintain axial control of the plunger and to hold the split rings in position. The replacement of the plunger requires the removal of the guide cylinder followed by removal of the rings. The replacement plunger is then rested on the plunger head, the split rings are positioned, and the guide cylinder lowered over the split rings. Holding the plunger and split rings in place while positioning and lowering the guide cylinder is not an easy task. As the guide cylinder and guide rings wear, the alignment of the plunger is compromised and the plunger wobbles and air leaks. Applicant estimates that as much as 70% of the plunger assemblies in use today are of the split-ring type.
A considerable improvement over the split ring plunger assembly is the snap-on plunger assembly, for example, as described in the Davis patent. In that plunger assembly, the base of the plunger is provided with a plurality of ears which interlock with a plurality of flanges disposed within a recessed area within the plunger-type head. The ears and flanges are engaged by translating and rotating the plunger relative to its axis. A variation of the snap-on plunger assembly has been marketed by the Maul Bros. division of Maul Technology Corporation for over twenty years. The plunger must be slid perpendicular to its axis in order to engage the plunger head. Another snap-on plunger assembly is disclosed in Kozora U.S. Pat. No. 4,636,240 entitled xe2x80x9cPlunger Assembly for Glass Container Manufacturing.xe2x80x9d
While the snap-on plunger assemblies were a considerable improvement over the split ring plunger assemblies, with wear, they still may permit wobble and air leakage.
Since most of the plungers in use were designed for use with the split-ring type plunger assemblies, there is a considerable resistance in the field to converting to a new type of plunger assembly.
It is an advantage, according to this invention, to provide an improved plunger assembly which is easily installed and uninstalled, which prevents wobble and is not subject to the wearing action that causes prior art plunger assemblies to wobble, and which can be used with easily retrofitted plungers designed for use in prior art plunger assemblies.
It is yet a further advantage that the plunger assembly provides an air and vacuum-tight seal between the plunger and the adapter fixed to the driving piston.
Briefly, according to this invention, there is provided a plunger assembly for use in a glass bottle forming machine permitting quick exchange and self-aligning of a plunger held on a plunger driving piston. The plunger assembly comprises: a plunger having a nose end, a cylindrical base end, and an annular contact surface perpendicular to the cylindrical axis of the cylindrical base end, the base end of the plunger defined by a cylindrical exterior surface having a diameter d1 and having an annular recess therein. Preferably, the annular recess has a surface being a portion of a toroidal surface defined by the rotation of a generating circle about the cylindrical axis of the cylindrical base, the generating circle having a diameters and the annular groove being spaced from the contact surface a distance a1. The plunger assembly further comprises an adapter having a cylindrical support end and a base end, the adapter being threaded to the driving piston at the base end thereof, the cylindrical support end of the adapter terminating in a contact surface perpendicular to the cylindrical axis of the adapter for receiving the contact surface of the plunger. A coaxial central bore is provided in the support end of the adapter defined by an internal cylindrical surface having a diameter d3 just sufficiently larger than d1 enabling receipt of the base end of the plunger. The support end of the adapter has an exterior cylindrical surface and an annular groove in the exterior cylindrical surface of the adapter. A plurality of stepped radial bores extend from the central bore into the annular groove. The axes of the radial bores are spaced a distance a2 from the contact surface. The distance a2 is substantially equal to distance a1. One in each of a plurality of retaining balls radial bore have a diameter d4 substantially equal to, the diameter of the generating circle. A split ring is sized to fit in the annular groove in the exterior cylindrical surface of the adapter. The split ring has an internal diameter such that when the internal diameter bears upon the retaining balls, the retaining balls may be seated in the annular recess in the cylindrical base of the plunger.
An annular retaining spring biases the split ring and retaining balls in the annular groove in the cylindrical base of the plunger such that the plunger can be snapped into the adapter and held in place during bottle making.

Quick change connector for plunger for glass container forming process and equipment


In the case where a rewind or fast-forward button is clicked after a playback button is clicked, a CPU on controller side sets a reproduction flag bit to “on” upon receipt of a response frame from a DV camcorder indicating that the playback command is normally accepted, without checking whether the DV camcorder is during playback operation or not, and determines what kind of control command should be sent to the DV camcorder based on the reproduction flag bit and the clicked button. The controller can determine the control command without waiting for the response to an inquiry about whether the DV camcorder is during playback operation or not, thus quickly sending a rewind playback or fast-forward playback command to the DV camcorder.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a controlling device connected to an information reproduction apparatus via an IEEE 1394 serial bus for remote control of the information reproduction apparatus, and to a home network in which the controlling device and the information reproduction apparatus are connected via the IEEE1394 serial bus.
2. Description of the Related Art
Controlling devices are known that control an information reproduction apparatus (hereinafter referred to as a reproducer) such as, for example, a digital VTR (Video Tape Recorder) via the IEEE1394 serial bus (abbreviated as the bus, hereinafter). In such a conventional device, there are cases where a control command cannot be sent to the reproducer until the status of the reproducer is checked. That is because, when a rewind or fast-forward key is pressed, the controlling device should send to the reproducer a rewind or fast-forward command if the reproducer is at a stop, and a rewind playback or fast-forward playback command if the apparatus is during playback operation.
Referring now to FIG. 5, a description will be made as to the steps performed in the case where a playback key is pressed and then the rewind key is pressed on the controlling device side. When the playback key is pressed (S101), the controlling device sends to the reproducer an Audio Video/Control (AV/C) command frame, which is a Function Control Protocol (FCP) packet frame to be sent from controller side to target side, containing a playback command (S102). When receiving the command frame and normally accepting the playback command, the reproducer creates an AV/C response frame, which is an FCP packet frame to be sent from target side to controller side, to the playback command (S103) and then sends the response frame to the controlling device (S104). Upon receipt of the response frame, the controlling device sends an AV/C command frame containing a status inquiry command to the reproducer (S105). When normally accepting the status inquiry command, the reproducer creates an AV/C response frame to the status inquiry command (S106), and then sends the response frame to the controlling device (S107). After checking the response frame to verify that the reproducer is during playback operation, the controlling device sets a reproduction flag bit (see the item denoted by reference number 18 in FIG. 1) in a RAM "on" (S108). When the rewind key is pressed in this state (S109), the controlling device determines what kind of command should be sent to the reproducer based on the pressed key and the reproduction flag bit in the RAM (S110) and sends a command frame containing a rewind playback command to the reproducer (S111).
However, in the above described controlling device, which, in response to the depression of the rewind or fast-forward key following the depression of the playback key, checks that the reproducer is during playback operation before the determination of the control command to be sent, it is necessary to wait for the response to the inquiry as to whether the reproducer is during playback operation or not. As a result, the controlling device cannot quickly send the rewind playback or fast-forward playback command to the reproducer. In order to prevent the above delay when the playback key and the rewind key are pressed in succession, if, as shown in FIG. 6, the steps corresponding to S105 to S108 in FIG. 5 are omitted such that the controlling device determines the control command to be sent depending only on the most recently pressed key without checking whether or not the reproducer is during playback operation (S126), not the rewind playback command but a rewind command may be sent by mistake (S127).

Controlling device connected to IEEE1394 serial bus


A die head for an extruder including an outer shell, an inner cylindrical mandrel, an annular die gap at a discharge side of the die head, at least one intake opening for receiving a melted mass, at least one distribution element for distributing the melted mass to a central ring channel terminating in the die gap, an inflow channel connecting the at least one intake opening to the at least one distribution element. Further, at least one of the distribution element and the inflow channel are formed such that the distribution element is set into torsional motion around a longitudinal axis of the mandrel due to an flow of the melted mass, and the flow of melted mass is routed to the central ring channel.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is related to a die head for an extruder including an outer shell, an inner cylindrical mandrel, an annular die gap located at discharge side of the die head, an intake opening located at an intake side of the die head for receiving a melted mass, and at least one rotatable distribution element for distributing the melted mass in a central ring channel merging into the die gap.
2. Description of the Background Art
DE Patent publication No. 199 23 973 A1 illustrates a known die head for an extruder. In more detail, this DE publication illustrates a die head including an outer shell and an inner cylindrical mandrel. The outer shell and the mandrel are formed of segments, in which each segment has insert members for routing an inflowing melted mass from an intake side through a central ring channel. The central ring channel then merges into a die gap on a discharge side of the die head. Further, inside the die head, the melted mass is spirally guided before it exits, under pressure, in an axial direction through the die gap. However, the extruded melted mass generally includes joint lines and flow marks caused by the melted mass being guided through the die head.


In a three-slot addressing scheme for a liquid crystal optical modulator, where the data waveforms comprise a data section, a charge-balancing section and a further section, the form of the further section depends upon the sequence of data waveforms. The further section or pair of adjacent further sections comprises a pair of pulses of opposite polarities which charge-balance each other. The order in which these pulses occur in the pair enhances the effect of the adjacent data section to aid or inhibit switching as appropriate. This facilitates a shorter line address time.

This invention relates to a method of addressing a matrix of bistable pixels which are defined by areas of overlap between members of a first set of electrodes on one side of a layer of ferroelectric material and members of a second set of electrodes, which cross the members of the first set, on the other side of the material, in which method blanking signals are applied to the members of the first set of electrodes to effect blanking before unipolar select signals are applied thereto one by one to effect writing to the corresponding pixels by simultaneously applying a chosen data waveform to each member of the second set of electrodes, the data waveforms each including a data section coinciding with a select signal, in between a charge-balancing section which charge-balances the data section and a further section.
A known drive scheme for multiplex addressing FLCDs, known as line blanking, is described in GB 2173336, and shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1. The row electrodes of the device are scanned with a "blank" waveform 6 of amplitude Vb, followed by a `select` waveform 3 of amplitude Vs. One of two data waveforms "unchanged" 8 or "on" 10, each of amplitude Vd, is applied to each column electrode simultaneously with the occurrence of each select waveform, and is chosen in accordance with the required state of the pixel in the column which is also in the row having the `select` waveform applied to it. The resultant writing waveforms appearing across the pixel are shown at 12 and 14. The `blank` waveform 6 sets the pixels of the row to a dark state regardless of which data signal it combines with, i.e. whether resultant waveforms 10 or 12 appear across the pixels. When a row is neither being selected nor blanked, i.e. the non-select signal 4 is applied to the row, the resultant waveforms 16 or 18 appear corresponding to the data signals 8, 10 neither of which change the state of the pixels.
This drive scheme is suitable for use in the so called `inverse` mode of operation of the ferroelectric material where the voltage which switches the pixel given a certain pulsewidth is lower than that which leaves it unchanged. However, it is unsuitable for use in the normal mode, where the opposite is true, although operation in this mode is desirable due to the lower drive voltages required.
FIG. 2 shows the switching characteristic, pulsewidth W versus voltage V, of a typical ferroelectric material such as liquid crystal. The part of the characteristic within which switching occurs is denoted as 100 and the part within which switching does not occur is denoted as 101. It can be seen that the curve is much less steep in the normal mode part 102 than in the inverse mode part 103, so that the data voltages Vd must be much larger in order to ensure that the applied pulses fall within the correct part of the switching characteristic even when outside factors such as temperature change cause it to vary. This leads to the problem that the data voltages alone (i.e. combined with a non-select pulse) may be sufficient to cause unwanted switching where data waveforms of opposite senses follow each other and effectively extend the widths of the pulses.
The scheme shown in FIG. 3 has been proposed by T. Numao and M. Koden in a paper "Driving waveforms of partial writing scheme for FLCD" in "Displays" vol. 14 no. 3 at pages 139-143 (July 1993) to alleviate this problem. In this scheme, known as a `three-slot` scheme, the data waveforms "unchanged" 24 and "on" 26 each have three sections. The middle sections, which coincide with the select pulse 28, are of opposite polarities, and the positive and negative parts of each waveform are in the same order so that a pulse of a particular polarity is never followed immediately by another of the same polarity. Although this scheme reduces the risk of unwanted switching, it also slows down the addressing of the matrix since another time period is added to each waveform. The non-select and blank waveforms are denoted by 104 and 105 respectively in FIG. 3.

Multiplex addressing using auxiliary pulses


A constant current output charge pump includes a switch module configured to compare a reference voltage with a load voltage and output a switch signal, a voltage margin control module configured to compare a first voltage and a second voltage with an output voltage and output a voltage margin control signal, a clock control module, a charge pump module, a current control module and a load module. The clock control module is configured to capture the switch signal and the voltage margin control signal and output a first clock signal and a second clock signal according to a system to the charge pump module for charging the input voltage.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a charge pump and, more particularly, to a constant current output charge pump suitable for a white light emitting diode (WLED).
2. Description of Related Art
Generally, portable electronic devices (e.g. PDAs or cellular phones) require to be provided with a constant voltage, and most devices are powered by batteries. Since the output voltage may decrease as the battery being consumed for a certain time, the output voltage cannot be kept at a stable level.
For example, batteries for common cellular phones can supply an output voltage of 3.0 to 4.5V; however, the WLED for cellular phones works at a voltage higher than 3.2V-3.4V. When a battery has been used for a certain time as the voltage drops under 3.4V, it disables the WLED of the cellular phone from functioning properly. At that point, despite the battery may still be partially charged, a charge pump, according to the conventional method, shall be employed to boost the voltage up to 3.4V and above, such that the WLED of the cellular phone can continue to function until the battery is completely exhausted. However, using a charge pump to increase the power voltage contributes to a fall in the output current, causing the power supply not able to be outputted at a constant level.
Therefore, it is desirable to come up with an improved charge pump with constant current output to overcome the above flaws.