A liquid crystal display (LCD) with a perfume dispenser is disclosed to include a casing, which has an internal chamber, a front opening, and at least one through hole, a liquid crystal display mounted inside the internal chamber of the casing with the display screen thereof facing to the front opening of the casing, and a perfume dispenser mounted inside the casing adjacent to the at least one through hole for giving off a pleasant smell upon operation of the LCD.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display (LCD) and more particularly, to an LCD with a perfume dispenser, which gives off a pleasant smell during operation.
2. Description of Related Art
An LCD has a display screen for showing information for viewing by the user. For example, an LCD for a computer can be controlled to display input data inputted into the computer by the user or output data obtained from the computer after a computation. Further, an LCD-TV can show video program contents for viewing by the user.
However, a regular LCD is simply a display device for data output. Further, during the use of an LCD, the internal electronic devices will generate heat. Therefore, an LCD has vents for dissipation of heat.
Along with social change, people have different requirements for their daily lives. When choosing an electronic product, for example, an LCD, consumers may consider the added function. Therefore, it is important to create new technology products with added functions.

Liquid crystal display with a perfume dispenser


Disclosed herein are methods of making active, food-grade packaging resins using a reactive extrusion step that involves reacting a polymeric material with a ligand and one of a cross-linking agent and a radical initiator in an extruder, under temperature and pressure conditions effective to cause covalent binding of the ligand to the polymeric material by a linker that is the reaction product of the cross-linking agent or by direct bond formation between the ligand and the polymeric material, and then extruding the active, food-grade packaging resin. Also disclosed are the active packaging resins obtained from such methods, methods of forming food packaging materials from the active packaging resins, the food packaging materials that contain the active packaging resins, and methods of packaging perishable food in those food packaging materials.

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, about 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted annually, with 40% of food losses in industrialized countries occurring at the retail and consumer levels (Global Food Losses and Food Waste—Extent, Causes, and Prevention, Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations (2011). Packaging and additives (preservatives) offer complementary strategies to reduce food waste and loss. Indeed, a key role of packaging is to reduce food spoilage by protecting food quality from degradative processes and outside contaminants (Roberston, Food Packaging: Principles and Practice, 3rd Ed., Taylor & Francis, CRC Press (2012), p 733; Marsh et al., "Food Packaging—Roles, Materials, and Environmental Issues," J Food Sci. 72(3):R39-R55 (2007)). Food manufacturers directly add preservatives (e.g., antioxidants, antimicrobials) to many foods and beverages to inhibit food spoilage mechanisms such as microbial growth, intrinsic enzymatic degradation, and oxidation (Huis in't Veld et al., "Microbial and Biochemical Spoilage of Foods: An Overview," Int J Food Microbiol 33(1):1-18 (1996), Russell et al., "Major Preservation Technologies," In: Food Preservatives,"2nd ed., Russell & Gould, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers: New York (2003), p 380). Of these, oxidation is caused by the formation of reactive radicals which promote degradation of colorants, nutrients, and vitamins in foods (Frankel. "Antioxidants in Lipid Foods and their Impact on Food Quality," Food Chem 57(1):51-55 (1996)). These radicals are formed by reactive oxidative species such as transition metals intrinsically found in food, water, and the environment (Kanner, "Metals and Food Oxidation," In: Oxidation in Foods and Beverages and Antioxidant Applications, Vol 1: Understanding Mechanisms of Oxidation and Antioxidant Activity, Woodhead Publishing (2011), pp 36-56). Mechanisms for inhibiting oxidation include quenching radicals with appropriate antioxidants and binding transition metals with metal chelators among others (Decker, "Strategies for Manipulating the Prooxidative/Antioxidative Balance of Foods to Maximize Oxidative Stability," Trends Food Sci Tech 9(6):241-248 (1998); Decker et al., "Understanding Antioxidant Mechanisms in Preventing Oxidation in Foods," In: Oxidation in Foods and Beverages and Antioxidant Applications, Vol 1: Understanding Mechanisms of Oxidation and Antioxidant Activity, Woodhead Publishing (2011), pp 225-248). Yet, the converging challenges of growing concern over synthetic additive use (Bearth et al., "The Consumer's Perception of Artificial Food Additives: Influences on Acceptance, Risk and Benefit Perceptions," Food Qual Prefer 38:14-23 (2014); Zhong et al., "Effects of Food-Additive-Information on Consumers' Willingness to Accept Food with Additives," Int J Env Res Pub He 15(11):2394, doi: 10.3390/ijerph15112394 (2018)), and significant post-production food waste and loss demand innovation of new food manufacturing technologies to combat food waste while retaining consumer acceptance of processed foods products (Williams et al., "Environmental Impact of Packaging and Food Losses in a Life Cycle Perspective: A Comparative Analysis of Five Food Items," J Clean Prod 19(1):43-48 (2011)).
Active packaging technology represents an alternative to use of traditional packaging (offering only passive protection) and direct additives, in which active agents are incorporated in/on the material permitting reduced reliance on direct additives while meeting demands for long shelf lives (Yildirim et al., "Active Packaging Applications for Food," Compr Rev Food Sci F 17(1):165-199 (2018)). Numerous active packaging technologies have been reported, including antioxidant (Decker et al., "Understanding Antioxidant Mechanisms in Preventing Oxidation in Foods," In: Oxidation in Foods and Beverages and Antioxidant Applications, Vol 1: Understanding Mechanisms of Oxidation and Antioxidant Activity, Woodhead Publishing, (2011), pp. 225-248; Dey et al., "Oxygen Scavengers for Food Packaging Applications: A review," Trends Food Sci Tech 90:26-34 (2019); Carrizo et al., "Development of an Active Food Packaging System with Antioxidant Properties Based on Green Tea Extract," Food Addit Contam A 31(3):364-373 (2014), Vera et al., "New Antioxidant Multilayer Packaging with Nanoselenium to Enhance the Shelf-Life of Market Food Products," Nanomaterials-Basel 8(10):837, doi: 10.3390/nano8100837 (2018)), antimicrobial (Azeredo et al., "Nanostructured Antimicrobials in Food Packaging-Recent Advances," Biotechnol J 14(12):68, doi: 10.1002/biot.201900068 (2019)), water absorbing (Gaikwad et al., "Moisture Absorbers for Food Packaging Applications," Environ Chem Lett 17(2):609-628 (2019)), and gas scavenging (Alvarez-Hernandez et al., "Current Scenario of Adsorbent Materials Used in Ethylene Scavenging Systems to Extend Fruit and Vegetable Postharvest Life," Food Bioprocess Tech 11(3):511-525 (2018)). In one class of antioxidant active packaging technologies, metal chelating groups were introduced on the surface of polymer films to limit oxidation by binding prooxidant transition metals naturally found in foods and beverages (Tian et al., "Biomimetic Design of Chelating Interfaces," J Appl Polym Sci 132(1): doi: 10.1002/app.41231 (2015); Bastarrachea et al., "Active Packaging Coatings," Coatings 5(4):771-791 (2015)). Among metal chelating groups, hydroxyamic acid (Tian et al., "Controlling Lipid Oxidation via a Biomimetic Iron Chelating Active Packaging Material," J Agr Food Chem 61(50):12397-12404 (2013); Roman et al., "Performance of Non-migratory Iron Chelating Active Packaging Materials in Viscous Model Food Systems," J Food Sci 80(9):E1965-E1973 (2015); Lin et al., "Preparation of Metal Chelating Active Packaging Materials by Laminated Photografting," J Coat Technol Res 13(2):395-404 (2016)), and iminodiacetic acid (Lin et al., "Synthesis of Iminodiacetate Functionalized Polypropylene Films and Their Efficacy as Antioxidant Active-Packaging Materials," J Agr Food Chem 64(22):4606-4617 (2016); Lin et al., "Facile Preparation of Epoxide-Functionalized Surfaces via Photocurable Copolymer Coatings and Subsequent Immobilization of Iminodiacetic Acids," Acs Appl Mater Inter 10(47):40871-40879 (2018)) showed great promise due to their efficacy at preventing oxidation in food matrices, structural similarity to industrially relevant metal chelators (desferroxamine and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)), and high stability constants with prooxidant metals such as iron and copper (Martell et al., Critical Stability Constants, Vol. 6, Plenum Press, New York (1989). Non-migratory (or immobilized) active packaging present a potential regulatory advantage over migratory active packaging as they are regulated as new food contact material rather than as a direct additive (Bastarrachea et al., "Active Packaging Coatings," Coatings 5(4):771-791 (2015)).
In prior work, non-migratory antioxidant active packaging materials were prepared utilizing wet chemical grafting methods on previously prepared films. Those grafting methods include photoinitiated crosslinking (Lin et al., "Synthesis of Iminodiacetate Functionalized Polypropylene Films and Their Efficacy as Antioxidant Active-Packaging Materials," J Agr Food Chem 64(22):4606-4617 (2016)), and the use of a carbodiimide crosslinker (Tian et al., "Development of an Iron Chelating Polyethylene Film for Active Packaging Applications," J Agr Food Chem 60(8):2046-2052 (2012)). While successful in demonstrating proof-of-principle that solid support bound chelators can effectively inhibit oxidative degradation in foods and beverages, the lengthy and complex functionalization processes of these techniques limit industrial translation.
Further, most research in non-migratory active packaging has focused on petroleum-derived packaging materials. With increasing concern over environmental contamination and landfill accumulation of petroleum-derived polymers there is a need to translate this technology to biodegradable bio-based polymers. Among the biodegradable, bio-based polymers, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has seen greatest commercial success due to its superior clarity, biodegradability, and processability (Tang et al., "Recent Advances in Biopolymers and Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposites for Food Packaging Materials," Crit Rev Food Sci 52(5):426-442 (2012)).
Based on the foregoing, it would be desirable to develop a commercially viable approach for the preparation of food-grade, active packaging resins that is applicable to both biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymeric resins, where the active agent(s) are non-migratory and, hence, afford "clean label" products. In this manner, it is possible to address the issue of food system sustainability as well as the environmental issues surrounding non-biodegradable petroleum-derived polymers.
The described invention is directed to overcoming these and other deficiencies in the art.

Biologically active polymers prepared via reactive extrusion


A method and system for performing intervention and workover operations on a subsea well are provided, as well as an adapter for connecting a lower end portion of a conduit extending from a vessel with an upper portion of a lower marine riser package associated with a subsea tree. The method includes providing a lower marine riser package connected to an upper portion of a subsea tree associated with a subsea well, and a conduit extending from a vessel toward the lower marine riser package. The conduit is connected to the lower marine riser package with an adapter. A portion of a conduit bore of the conduit above the adapter is sealed from a chamber in the adapter, and a portion of a bore extending through the lower marine riser package is sealed from the chamber. The adapter is opened for access to the chamber from the sea.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates in general to an adapter that is utilized between a riser and a subsea tree, and in particular to an adapter for use with a string of casing used as a riser through which coiled tubing, wireline, and jointed pipe can be lowered into the subsea well for intervention and workover operations.
2. Description of Related Art
Intervention and workover operations performed on subsea wells can be costly and time-consuming. For example, in one conventional subsea well, a down hole intervention system is provided for performing such operations. The down hole intervention system is provided separately from a drilling system used in the well. While such systems can be effective for performing necessary intervention and workover operations, the use of a separate system for such intervention and workover operations requires advance scheduling of the intervention system, and requires a changeover operation, and/or requires a separate rig.
According, there exists a continued need for improved systems and methods for performing workover operations.

Subsea adapter for connecting a riser to a subsea tree


The inventors have conducted vigorous studies, and discovered as a result that it is possible to form a silver layer having a high reflectance of about 90 to 99% in a visible light area by setting a grain size of an outermost surface of a silver plated layer within a range of 0.5 μm or more to 30 μm or less.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a silver layer formed by electrosilvering a substrate material.
2. Description of the Related Art
The silver layer has a high light reflectance (abbreviated to reflectance herein after), and thus it has widely been used for a reflecting plate of downlight illumination or a reflective surface of a light emitting diode (LED) package. In the case of the LED package, as a current input to the LED is increased until a predetermined light output is obtained, a life of the LED is greatly affected. Accordingly, in a high-output LED package applied for house illumination or main illumination of an automobile headlight or the like, spectral characteristics of the reflective surface are extremely important elements to decide product performance, requiring a reflectance as high as possible. Specifically, the silver layer has to have a high reflectance in all wavelength areas (400 to 700 nm) of visible lights. However, as a reflectance drops in a wavelength area of 400 to 500 nm near a LED excitation wavelength, it is important to increase the reflectance in this wavelength area. Under these circumstances, a method for increasing a reflectance of a silver layer, such as a method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-155205, has recently been proposed. According to this conventional method, however, as a silver layer is formed by electroless plating, it takes about 10 to 30 minutes to form a film with a thickness of 200 nm, and productivity is extremely low. Besides, running costs are high because a life of bathing used for the plating is short.
The present invention has been developed to solve the aforementioned problems, and it is an object of the invention to provide a silver layer high in productivity and reflectance in a visible light area, and its manufacturing method.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a LED mounted substrate which includes a silver layer high in productivity and reflectance in a visible light area as a reflective surface, and its manufacturing method.

Silver layer formed by electrosilvering substrate material


Performing a hash algorithm in a processor architecture to alleviate performance bottlenecks and improve overall algorithm performance. In one embodiment of the invention, the hash algorithm is pipelined within the processor architecture.

Security algorithms may be used to encode or decode data transmitted or received in a computer network through techniques, such as compression.
In some instances, the network processor may compress or decompress the data in order to help secure the integrity and/or privacy of the information being transmitted or received within the data. The data can be compressed or decompressed by performing a variety of different algorithms, such as hash algorithms.
One such hash algorithm is the secure hash algorithm 1 ("SHA-1") security algorithm. The SHA-1 algorithm can be a laborious and resource-consuming task for many network processors, however, as it requires numerous mathematically intensive computations within a main recursive compression loop. Moreover, the main compression loop may be performed numerous times in order to compress or decompress a particular amount of data.
In general, hash algorithms are algorithms that take a large group of data and reduce it to a smaller representation of that data. Hash algorithms may be used in such applications as security algorithms to protect data from corruption or detection. The SHA-1 algorithm, for example, may reduce groups of 64 bytes of data to 20 bytes of data. Other hash algorithms, such as the SHA-128, SHA-129, and message digest 5 (MD5) algorithms may also be used to reduce large groups of data to smaller ones. Hash algorithms, in general, can be very taxing on computer system performance as the algorithm requires intensive mathematical computations in a recursive main compression loop that is performed iteratively to compress or decompress groups of data.
Adding to the difficulty in performing the hash algorithms at high frequencies are the latencies, or "bottlenecks," that can occur between operations of the algorithm due to data dependencies between the operations. When performing the algorithm on typical processor architectures, the operations must be performed in substantially sequential fashion because typical processor architectures perform the operations of each iteration of the main compression loop on the same logic units or group of logic units. As a result, if dependencies exist between the iterations of the main loop, a bottleneck forms while unexecuted iterations are delayed to allow the hardware to finish processing the earlier operations.
These bottlenecks can be somewhat abrogated by taking advantage of instruction-level parallelism ("ILP") of instructions within the algorithm and performing them in parallel execution units.
Typical prior art parallel execution unit architectures used to perform hash algorithms have had marginal success. This is true, in part, because the instruction and sub-instruction operations associated with typical hash algorithms rarely have the necessary ILP to allow true independent parallel execution. Furthermore, earlier architectures do not typically schedule operations in such a way as to minimize the critical path associated with long dependency chains among various operations.

Technique for implementing a security algorithm


An image forming apparatus includes a plurality of rotors, and an endless belt that is supported with tension by the plurality of rotors and rotated by the rotors. Herein, at least one of the plurality of rotors is provided, at a first end, with a belt restraining member that has a restraining face for restraining displacement of the endless belt toward the first end and that is rotatable with respect to the rotor; and the belt restraining member is arranged such that an angle between the restraining face of the belt restraining member and a rotation shaft of the rotor is greater at a contact start point at which the endless belt begins contact with the belt restraining member during rotation than at a contact end point at which the endless belt ends contact with the belt restraining member during rotation.

An image forming device by an electrophotographic method, such as a copier, printer, facsimile, or multi-function center having various functions of these devices, forms a latent image on a photoreceptor, corresponding to an original document sheet, develops the latent image by adding toner, transfers the developed toner image onto a recording medium, fixes the toner image transferred on the recording medium, and ejects the recording medium.
To form a color image, an image forming device forms four latent images in Y (yellow), M (magenta), C (cyan), and K (black) colors, corresponding to colors on an original document sheet, on a photoreceptor drum, primarily transfers developed toner images of four colors onto an intermediate transferrer constructed with an endless belt, then secondarily transfers a composite toner image of the four toner images onto a recording medium, fixes the toner image transferred onto the recording medium, and ejects the recording medium.
Further, as a fixing device for fixing toner images in such a way, there is a fixing device of a belt fixing type which includes a fixing belt that is supported with tension by a heating roller with a built-in heater, such as a halogen heater, and a fixing roller, and is driven in circulation. The fixing device further includes a pressure roller for pressing the fixing roller through the fixing belt. The fixing device heats and presses a recording medium, onto which a toner image has been transferred, at a nip section formed by the fixing belt and pressure roller, while sandwiching and conveying the recording medium. Such a fixing device, including a fixing belt and heating roller with small thermal capacities, has advantages of shortening warming-up time and energy saving.
However, a conveying device employing an intermediate transferrer, fixing belt, and recording medium conveying belt in an endless form has a problem that an endless belt supported with tension by rollers is displaced to one side or the other of the rollers or obliqued. If a side face of a belt is received by a fixed shaft or a belt guide member of a rigid body that does not move along the roller axis, a problem tends to occur in that the pushing force applied to the side face of the belt becomes large, and the belt gets on the belt guide member or the side face of the belt gets broken.
As a solution of the problems described above, an example in a prior art is shown in FIG. 6 where displacement of a fixing belt is restrained. FIG. 6 shows an example of a fixing device in a prior art having a structure to restrain displacement of an endless fixing belt. As shown in FIG. 6, disclosed is a technology for absorbing displacement and obliquity of a belt 927 such that a spring 912 receives a belt-guide-lib 911 (belt restrain member) disposed on a side face of a roller 910 near the end thereof. (For example, refer to Japanese Patent Publication TOKKAI No. 2003-241554)
However, the following problem has not been solved even by this method. That is, for example, when a jam of a recording medium has occurred on the fixing belt 927, a large pushing force toward a side face of the roller 910 is generated on the fixing belt 927. Consequently, the side face of the fixing belt 927 gets on one of the belt restraining members 911 provided at the both ends of the roller 910 and gets deformed, or a side end portion of the fixing belt 927 enters the gap between the roller 910 and the belt restraining member 911, thus the fixing belt 927 being damaged.
In an aspect of the present invention, there is provided the following structure.
An image forming apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of rotors; and
an endless belt that is supported with tension by the rotors and that is rotated by the rotors,
wherein at least one of the plurality of rotors is provided at a first end with a belt restraining member that has a restraining face for restraining displacement of the endless belt toward the first end and that is freely rotatable with respect to the rotor; and
wherein the belt restraining member is arranged such that an angle between the restraining face of the belt restraining member and a rotation shaft of the rotor is greater at a contact start point at which the endless belt begins contact with the belt restraining member during rotation than at a contact end point at which the endless belt ends contact with the belt restraining member during rotation.

Image forming apparatus having endless belt

Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc.


A JTAG-programmable IC includes a memory array having redundant columns, a partial-width data register, and a full-width bitline register. A programming bitstream is shifted into the data register in discrete portions, with each portion being loaded into the bitline latch before the next portion is shifted into the data register. The programming bitstream portions fill the bitline latch sequentially unless a count indicator for a particular portion matches a predetermined defective column value, in which case that bitstream portion is rerouted to a region of the bitline latch associated with the redundant columns of the memory array. The count indicator is incremented with each new bitstream portion shifted into the data register. Once the programming bitstream is fully loaded into the bitline latch, the data is programmed into a selected row of the memory array in page mode.

To reduce pin count in an integrated circuit (IC), serial programming is often used. Because serial programming data is loaded into the IC in a continuous stream, only a single data input pin is required for programming. Typically, the programming data is loaded into a shift register within the IC. FIG. 1 shows a cascaded shift register 100 that has a typical register structure for a serially programmable IC. Shift register 100 includes flip flops 111, 112, 113, and 114, each of which includes an input terminal D, an output terminal Q, and a clock terminal CK. Output terminal Q of flip flop 111 is connected to input terminal D of flip flop 112, output terminal Q of flip flop 112 is connected to input terminal D of flip flop 113, and output terminal Q of flip flop 113 is connected to input terminal D of flip flop 114 to form the cascaded structure. Meanwhile, each clock terminal CK of flip-flops 111–114 is coupled to receive a clock signal CLOCK.
On each pulse of clock signal CLOCK, an input data value DIN is loaded into flip flop 111, the data previously stored in flip flop 111 is loaded into flip flop 112, the data previously stored in flip flop 112 is loaded into flip flop 113, and the data previously stored in flip flop 113 is loaded into flip flop 114. The data previously stored in flip-flop 114 is provided as an output data value DOUT. In this manner, serial data is shifted into (and out of) shift register 100. The data stored in shift register 100 can also be read out in parallel from the output terminal Qs of each of flip flops 111–114, as data values Q1–Q4, respectively.
Serially programmed memory ICs use this serial-in-parallel-out (SIPO) capability of a cascaded shift register to improve programming efficiency. In a typical memory IC, programming an individual memory cell in a memory array takes much longer than shifting data into a shift register. This is especially true for non-volatile memories such as electrically erasable programmable read only memories (EEPROMs) and FLASH memories. For example, 14 milliseconds (ms) might be required to program a memory cell in an EEPROM or FLASH memory. In contrast, filling a shift register with new data only requires a number of clock cycles equal to the number of flip flops in the shift register—e.g., if the system clock is running at 22 MHz and the shift register is a 4096-bit shift register, filling the shift register would only require 0.19 ms (=4096/22×106). Therefore, to minimize programming time, serial data is shifted into the shift register, and the contents of the shift register are then programmed into a particular address of the memory array as a single word. Since the memory cell programming for an entire row of the memory array can be performed in parallel, this "page mode" programming technique can significantly reduce overall programming time.
FIG. 2A shows a serially programmable memory IC 200 that is programmable via a JTAG (Joint Test Action Group) interface. JTAG refers to IEEE standard 1149.1-1990 (includes IEEE Std 1149.1a-1993), published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. on Oct. 21, 1993 under ISBN 1-55937-350-4, herein incorporated by reference. IEEE standard 1149.1 defines a boundary scan test method for detecting bad connections (shorted pins, open pins, bad traces, etc.) in circuit boards. IC 200 includes a test access port (TAP port) 201, a TAP controller 202, an M×N memory array 220, a bitline latch 221, an instruction register 230, an instruction decoder 231, a register circuit 240, and an output control circuit 250. Register circuit 240 includes a "full width" (i.e., the same width as memory array 220) data register 241 and a bypass register 242.
All JTAG compliant devices such as IC 200 include test access port (TAP port) 201 and TAP controller 202 to provide the desired boundary scan functionality. TAP port 201 includes three input connections for receiving a test data input signal TDI, a test mode select signal TMS, and a test clock signal TCK. The TAP port also includes an output connection through which a test data output signal TDO is transmitted. A TAP port sometimes includes an optional reset pin to reset the test logic.
TAP port 201 provides signals TMS and TCK to tap controller 202, while providing signal TDI to instruction register 230 and register circuit 240. TAP controller 202 is a state machine controlled by signal TMS that runs the JTAG hardware through two paths—an instruction register path ("IR path") during which data from signal TDI is loaded into instruction register 201, and a data register path ("DR path") during which data from signal TDI is loaded into register circuit 240. A clock signal CLK provided by TAP controller 202 (based on test clock signal TCK) clocks the data into the appropriate data or instruction registers. Instruction decoder 231 converts the data stored in instruction register 230 into an instruction INSTR that specifies the type of test or action to be performed using the data stored in register circuit 240. Data can be shifted into data register 241 or can be "passed through" IC 200 via bypass register 242. Output control circuit 250 provides test data output signal TDO at TAP port 201 from one of instruction register 230, data register 241, or bypass register 242, depending on control signals SEL_IN and SEL_TAP from instruction decoder 231 and TAP controller 202, respectively.
The behavior of TAP controller 201 in response to test mode select signal TMS is described in detail in section 5 of IEEE standard 1149.1. Basically, as signal TMS is switched between logic HIGH and LOW levels, TAP controller 201 is transitioned between its various states in response to clock signal TCK. These states determine how data at TAP controller 201 and in instruction register 230 and register circuit 240 are handled. When TAP controller 201 is operating in the IR path, the value of an instruction register state IR_ST manages the loading of data into (and out of) instruction register 230, and when TAP controller 201 is operating in the DR path, the value of a data control state DR_ST manages the loading of data into (and out of) the registers of register circuit 240.
Although the IEEE standard 1149.1 was originally developed for testing purposes, the standardized JTAG interface has become popular as a programming interface because of its ready availability on many ICs. "JTAG-programmable" ICs are serially programmed through the TDI input connection of TAP controller 201. M×N memory array 220 is made up of M rows (i.e., rows WM−1 through W0) and N columns (i.e., columns CN−1 through C0) of memory cells. Program data is shifted into data register 241, and this data is latched into bitline latch 221 and then programmed into memory array 220 in a parallel programming operation (page mode). Since data register 241 has the same width as memory array 220, each programming operation fills a full row of memory array 220. In this manner, the TAP port can also be used for programming purposes, thereby minimizing the number of pins required for an IC.
However, as memory arrays continue to increase in size, the denser memory structures become more susceptible to memory defects (such as a column short, bad interconnect, etc.). Therefore, to maintain a high production yield, it becomes increasingly desirable to provide redundancy in a memory array—i.e., include extra columns that can be used to replace defective columns. In the absence of such redundancy, a single bad memory cell can render an entire memory array unusable. Conventionally addressed memory arrays incorporate such redundant columns by simply addressing the appropriate redundant column instead of the defective column. However, in conventional serially programmable memory arrays, this type of random access is not available, making redundancy extremely difficult to incorporate.
For example, in FIG. 2A, columns C1 and C0 could be redundant columns to be used if there are defects in any of columns CN−1 through C2 (which would then represent the "primary memory region" of memory array 220—i.e., the portion of memory array 220 in which data would be stored in the absence of array defects). In such an arrangement, replacing a defective column with column C0 would require that the flip flop in data register 241 associated with column C0 receive the data originally intended for the flip flop associated with the defective column. However, the flip-flops in a shift register (i.e., data register 241) are hardwired in a predetermined order, and so cannot be easily reordered to incorporate the redundant column in place of the defective column.
To overcome this limitation, conventional ICs sometimes include redundancy logic that counts clock cycles as data is shifted into the shift register. The redundancy logic uses the clock counts to determine whether a particular data bit is associated with a defective column, and if so, transfers that data bit to a redundant column. To function properly, this type of redundancy logic must know exactly when the program data begins shifting into the data register. However, in many cases, such program data timing knowledge is not available, so conventional redundancy logic cannot be used.
For example, multiple JTAG-compliant ICs are typically connected into a continuous chain so that the boundary scan operation can be performed. FIG. 2B shows a chain of JTAG-compliant ICs 200A, 200B, 200C, and 200D. Each of ICs 200A–200D includes a data input pin TDI_P, a data output pin TDO_P, a mode select pin TMS_P, and a clock pin TCK_P (as described with respect to FIG. 2A). The mode select pins TMS_P of ICs 200A–200D are commonly coupled to receive mode select signal TMS, while the clock pins TCK_P of ICs 200A–200D are commonly coupled to receive clock signal TCK. In contrast, the data pins (TDI_P and TDO_P) of ICs 200A–200D are serially connected—i.e., pin TDO_P of IC 200A is connected to pin TDI_P of IC 200B, pin TDO_P of IC 200B is connected to pin TDI_P of IC 200C, and pin TDO_P of IC 200C is connected to pin TDI_P of IC 200D. Therefore, data from signal TDI can be shifted sequentially into the data registers of ICs 200A–200D (and data from those registers can be shifted out as signal TDO). This serial arrangement beneficially allows a continuous stream of test data to be shifted through ICs 200A–200D to perform boundary scan operations.
A conventional programming flow for ICs 200A–200D is shown in FIG. 2C. In a "LOAD DATA-SHIFT INSTRUCTION" step 291, an instruction that enables shifting data to be programmed into the devices, is loaded into the instruction registers of ICs 200A–200D in a continuous bitstream. The standard TAP controller states in the associated IR path are listed next to step 291 for reference purposes. Then, in a "SHIFT FULL WIDTH PROGRAM DATA" step 292, the program data for page mode programming of each of ICs 200A–200D is loaded into the ICs in a continuous bitstream. Once again, the standard TAP controller states in the associated DR path are listed next to step 292 for reference purposes. Finally, in a "LOAD PROGRAMMING INSTRUCTION" step 293, an instruction is loaded into the instruction registers of ICs 200A–200D in a continuous bitstream (the TAP controller states in the associated IR path are listed next to step 293 for reference). This initiates a "PROGRAM MEMORY ARRAY ROW" step 294 in each of the 4 ICs. During step 294 a selected row in each of the memory arrays of ICs 200A–200D is programmed from the data register of the IC. In this manner, the JTAG interface can be used to program ICs 200A–200D. However, because conventional JTAG-based programming methods involve shifting the programming data through the chain of ICs in a single continuous stream, none of the individual ICs has knowledge of when its own program data is being loaded into its shift register. Only when program data has filled the entire chain of ICs can an individual IC "know" its specific program data. Therefore, conventional redundancy logic cannot be used in JTAG-compliant ICs.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a system and method for incorporating redundancy into a JTAG-programmable IC without requiring specific knowledge about the timing of program data.

Column redundancy scheme for non-volatile flash memory using JTAG input protocol


A computer-based system is disclosed for pricing fixed income securities which includes a tool for selecting a portfolio of fixed income securities stored in a portfolio database, a graphical user interface for designating a pricing method for a selected fixed income security in the selected portfolio using computer readable character strings, a processor for calculating the price of the selected fixed income security based upon the designated pricing method.

1. Field of the Invention
The subject invention is directed to financial portfolio management, and more particularly, to a computer-based system and method for analyzing fixed income securities based on user-defined pricing methodologies.
2. Background of the Related Art
Portfolio managers perform risk analysis on fixed income securities to measure or estimate the exposure of particular securities to certain risk factors such as interest rates, credit spreads, prepayment speeds, volatility and other composite variables. This enables a portfolio manger to balance or aggregate risk across an entire portfolio.
To measure the risk of a security it must first be priced. For example, fixed income securities such as corporate or agency bonds can be priced relative to a spread over a specified yield curve or relative to a certain benchmark. Similarly, mortgage-backed security can be priced based upon a particular prepayment model with a specified prepayment speed.
In the past, the pricing of a fixed income security was done by programming an analytical processor with a specific formula designed to perform a desired pricing calculation on the security. This method of pricing a security to measure risk is time consuming and laborious. It would be beneficial therefore, to provide a computer-based system and method for effectively and efficiently designating a pricing method for a fixed income security utilizing a compact character string input into a data field in a graphical user interface.

System and method for pricing fixed income securities


Lithium secondary batteries having polymer electrolytes are provided. A lithium battery includes a positive electrode including a positive active material capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions, a negative electrode including a negative active material capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions, and a polymer electrolyte. The polymer electrolyte includes a polymer, a non-aqueous organic solvent, and a lithium salt. The polymer electrolyte has a shear strength relative to the positive electrode of about 0.7 N/mm or greater.

Recently, reductions in the size and weight of portable electronic equipment have led to the development of batteries for use in such equipment. Batteries having high energy density are used as the power sources for this portable equipment, and lithium secondary batteries have been actively researched.
In a lithium secondary battery cell, lithium-transition metal oxides are used as the positive active material and crystalline or amorphous carbon or carbon complexes are used as the negative active material. Positive and negative electrodes are formed by coating the appropriate active material slurry or applying the appropriate active material film onto current collectors to a desired thickness and length. An electrode assembly is fabricated by positioned a insulative separator between the positive and negative electrodes and spiral-winding or laminating the electrodes and the separator. The lithium secondary battery cell is fabricated by inserting the electrode assembly into a battery case, such as a metal can or metal laminated pouch, and injecting an electrolyte solution in the battery case.
Battery pouches afford the batteries shape freedom and increased battery capacity relative to cans. However, pouches are easily modified and damaged by external physical impact and swell during storage at high temperature. These problems are more serious in lithium secondary batteries using liquid electrolyte solutions than they are in lithium secondary batteries using polymer electrolyte solutions. Therefore, batteries using pouches generally use polymer electrolyte solutions.
Polymer electrolyte lithium secondary batteries have advantages such as leak prevention, safety, high temperature stability, durability against external physical impact and the like. Much research has been conducted into improving the stability of such batteries against external physical impact and reducing the deterioration of physical strength during high temperature storage.

Lithium secondary battery having an improved polymer electrolyte


A method for assessing the quality of a piece of meat may be described. The method may include creating a plurality of cross-sectional images through a piece of meat. The method may additionally include performing image analysis on at least one of the images to determine the arrangement of fat and lean meat within the piece of meat. The arrangement may be indicative of the quality of the piece of meat.

Unless otherwise indicated herein, the materials described in this section are not prior art to the claims in this application and are not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
Valuation of meat for food production may be affected by several factors, but the valuation of the meat may be influenced by expected flavor and composition of the muscles and lean meat. Existing techniques to value meat may utilize personal expertise. Existing techniques to value meat may be expensive and may be time consuming to perform. The meat industry, including farmers, abattoir operators, and butches, may benefit from value assessments of meat, which provide reliable and comparable results between different animals and different cuts of meat.


In a work vehicle, a controller controls an engine based on an engine torque curve for defining a relationship between an engine speed, an engine output torque, and an operation amount of an accelerator operation member. The controller controls the engine based on a first engine torque curve during torque conversion travel. The controller controls the engine based on a second engine torque curve during lockup travel. The engine output torque of the second engine torque curve is less than the engine output torque of the first engine torque curve in at least a portion of a range of the engine speed when at least the operation amount of the accelerator operation member is a predetermined operation amount that is less than a maximum operation amount.

There are wheel loaders and other work vehicles that comprise a torque converter device having a torque converter and a lockup clutch. The torque converter device transmits the drive force from the engine to the travel device via the torque converter when the lockup clutch is in a non-connected state (this state is hereinafter referred to as "torque conversion travel"). When the lockup clutch is in a connected state, the torque converter device transmits the drive force from the engine to the travel device via the lockup clutch (this state is hereinafter referred to as "lockup travel"). Switching the lockup clutch between the connected state and the non-connected state is automatically carried out by a controller. The controller switches the lockup clutch between the connected state and the non-connected state when, e.g., the vehicle speed reaches a predetermined switch speed (see Japanese Laid-open Patent Application No. 2009-103258).

Work vehicle and work vehicle control method


A base station having the strongest downlink signal is identified by utilizing a unique slope of a pilot tone hopping sequence being transmitted by a base station. Specifically, base station identification is realized by determining the slope of the strongest received pilot signal, i.e., the received pilot signal having the maximum energy. In an embodiment of the invention, the pilot tone hopping sequence is based on a Latin Squares sequence. With a Latin Squares based pilot tone hopping sequence, all a mobile user unit needs is to locate the frequency of the pilot tones at one time because the pilot tone locations at subsequent times can be determined from the slope of the Latin Squares pilot tone hopping sequence. The slope and initial frequency shift of the pilot tone hopping sequence with the strongest received power is determined by employing a unique maximum energy detector.

It is important that wireless communications systems be such as to maximize the number of users that can be adequately served and to maximize data transmission rates, if data services are provided. Wireless communications systems are typically shared media systems, i.e., there is a fixed available bandwidth that is shared by all users of the wireless system. Such wireless communications systems are often implemented as so-called "cellular" communications systems, in which the territory being covered is divided into separate cells, and each cell is served by a base station.
In such systems, it is important that mobile user units are rapidly able to identify and synchronize to the downlink of a base station transmitting the strongest signal. Prior arrangements have transmitted training symbols periodically for mobile user units to detect and synchronize to the associated base station downlink. In such arrangements, there is a large probability that delays occur in identifying the base station transmitting the strongest signal because the training symbols are typically transmitted at the beginning of a frame. It is also likely that the training symbols transmitted from different base stations would interfere with each other. Indeed, it is known that once the training symbols interfere with each other they will continue to interfere. Thus, if the training symbols are corrupted, then the data is also corrupted, thereby causing loss in efficiency.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Base station identification in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based spread spectrum multiple access systems


A toy vehicle playset comprises a stunt loop apparatus. The stunt loop apparatus has a support, a partial loop portion coupled to the support, and an arcuate portion rotatably coupled to the support. The partial loop portion has an opening and the arcuate portion is configured to rotate between an inlet position and an outlet position within the opening. By rotating the arcuate portion from the inlet position to the outlet position, a continuous pathway is formed that allows a toy vehicle to sequentially travel along the arcuate portion in the inlet position, the partial loop portion, and then the arcuate portion in the outlet position.

Track sets and playsets for toy vehicles are enjoyed by children of all ages. A variety of elements and features have been developed over the years to enhance the amusement and entertainment value of such toy vehicle playsets. One popular feature is the inclusion of a loop track for a toy vehicle to travel along.
While there are numerous toy vehicle track sets and playsets in the art with loop tracks and other stunt features, there is still a need and demand for toy vehicle playsets that provide novel entertainment mechanisms. Embodiments of the present invention provide a toy vehicle playset that allows a toy vehicle to perform a loop without the need for a complete loop track.

Toy vehicle playset with stunt loop apparatus


A mouse device includes a middle frame, a switch, a button plate, a slidable element and an elastic element. The middle frame includes an opening part and a first hook. The first hook is located beside the opening part. The switch is fixed at a position under the middle frame. The switch includes a triggering part. The button plate is located over the middle frame. The button plate includes a pressing rod. The pressing rod is penetrated downwardly through the opening part. The pressing rod includes a receiving groove and a first sleeve. The receiving groove is located over the first sleeve. The first sleeve includes a perforation. The slidable element includes a second sleeve and a second hook. The second sleeve is installed within the first sleeve. The second hook is engaged with the perforation. The elastic element is disposed within the second sleeve.

Generally, during the operation of a mouse device, a left button plate or a right button plate is pressed down to a certain extent by the user, and then an underlying switch is triggered to generate a pressing signal. However, since the mouse device is produced by assembling many components and each component has production tolerance or assembling tolerance, an empty stroke problem or an excessive pre-pressing problem usually occurs.
When the empty stroke problem is generated, the left button plate or the right button plate is not continuously contacted with the switch. Consequently, during the pressing process, the left button plate (or the right button plate) and the switch readily collide with each other to generate noise. When the excessive pre-pressing problem is generated, the left button plate or the right button plate is continuously contacted with the switch. Since the switch is excessively pushed by the left button plate or the right button plate, the tactile feel of the user to press down the left button plate or the right button plate is adversely affected or even the unexpected pressing signal is generated by the switch.
Therefore, there is a need of providing an improved mouse device in order to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional technologies.


Preparation of cryocooled protein crystal is provided by use of helium pressurizing and cryocooling to obtain cryocooled protein crystal allowing collection of high resolution data and by heavier noble gas (krypton or xenon) binding followed by helium pressurizing and cryocooling to obtain cryocooled protein crystal for collection of high resolution data and SAD phasing simultaneously. The helium pressurizing is carried out on crystal coated to prevent dehydration or on crystal grown in aqueous solution in a capillary.

A typical protein crystal at room temperature only survives a fraction of the X-ray dose required for a complete high-resolution data set before it becomes irrevocably radiation-damaged. To inhibit the occurrence of radiation damage, protein crystals containing water surrounding and inside the crystals are typically flash cooled at atmospheric pressure. The goal is to obtain amorphous ice rather than crystalline ice and to reduce the damage on the crystal by the cryofreezing process. Cryoprotectants are typically added to promote the result. In practice, cryoprotectants that work with one protein do not work with another, requiring a trial-and-error search. This process is time consuming and in some cases unsuccessful.


A method of identifying motion within a field of view includes capturing at least two sequential images within the field of view. Each of the images includes a respective array of pixel values. An array of difference values between corresponding ones of the pixel values in the sequential images is calculated. A sensitivity region map corresponding to the field of view is provided. The sensitivity region map includes a plurality of regions having different threshold values. A presence of motion is determined by comparing the difference values to corresponding ones of the threshold values.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to surveillance systems, and, more particularly, to surveillance systems for detecting and tracking a moving object or being.
2. Description of the Related Art
Surveillance systems, also known as security systems, are known to include cameras for capturing images within the camera's field of view. The captured images may be compared with each other in order to find differences that may indicate movement of an object or movement of a being within the field of view. The camera may be equipped with mechanisms that enable the camera to execute pan and tilt movements, thereby shifting the camera's field of view. Thus, it is possible to shift the camera's field of view such that a moving object/being of interest may be kept within the field of view. In this way, the surveillance system may continuously and automatically detect and track the movement of the object or being.

Method of motion detection and autonomous motion tracking using dynamic sensitivity masks in a pan-tilt camera


A query for data in a UDDI registry is developed. A URI query having parameters that identify the data is provided. A UDDI query having a UDDI specified format based on the parameters in the URI query is generated. The UDDI query is sent to the UDDI registry.

The present invention relates generally to Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) metadata, and more particularly, to the development of a query for UDDI metadata.
The UDDI specification defines a form by which companies can publish and query each other's Internet services capabilities. UDDI business registries containing such information for various businesses may be searched to enable discovery of information about a business. The business information for each company that is stored in the UDDI business registries may be considered to be metadata, or data describing the registry for the business.
The UDDI registry metadata for a business may include discoveryURLs (Uniform Resource Locator) that provide a location of alternate URL addressable documents according to the UDDI Version 2.03 Data Structure Specification, incorporated herein by reference. The discoveryURLs are limited in size and are retrieved via an HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) GET command, the results of which are not defined by the UDDI Data Structure Specification.

International Business Machines Corporation


A flexible electric circuit, for example an electric heater, comprises a metallised fabric (14) the metal of which is photochemically etched to form the circuit (16), the fabric preferably being porous.

The manufacture of flexible heaters by photochemical etching metal foil bonded to thin, flexible electrical insulation materials is a well established practice. FIG. 1a shows metal foil 2 bonded to an electrical insulation material 9 by the use of a suitable adhesive. The resulting heater element 6 and termination pads 8 shown in FIG. 1b are formed using conventional photochemical etching techniques. Leadwires 10 (FIG. 1c) are attached to the termination pads 8 by means of crimping, welding, soldering, conductive adhesives or other joining techniques. Electrical insulation is completed by bonding suitable insulation material 12 on top of the etched heater element as shown in FIG. 1d.
An alternative way to connect the leadwires 10 involves pre-forming openings in the top insulation layer 12 which is then bonded to the etched heater element 6. Subsequently, the termination pads 8 of the heater element 6 are connected to leadwires or connectors using crimping, welding, soldering, conductive adhesives or other joining techniques. The electrical insulation is completed by covering the heater element termination and leadwire joint with a patch of insulating material using an appropriate adhesive.
The electrical insulation materials used are in sheet form (up to 1 mm thick) and are typically non-porous. Common types of flexible insulating materials used are fibre reinforced silicone rubber, polyimide and polyester. Metal sheet (typically 10 μm–500 μm thick) is bonded to the insulating material using an adhesive. Metals and alloys used for heater elements typically have a resistivity which has a low dependence on temperature and include, for example, copper, nichrome, nickel and stainless steel. The resistance of the heater element, and consequently the operating temperature, is controlled by changing the type of metal foil, the thickness of the metal foil or the heater element design.
Other types of flexible heaters available utilise different forms of heating element and include wire-wound elements, interwoven carbon fibre sheets and metallised synthetic fibre sheets such as nickel coated polyester.
It is also known to utilise metallised fabrics and similar mesh structures in the manufacture of flexible heaters, for example as disclosed in GB 2,092,868 and DE 3210097. However such structures have total metallisation, and the electrical resistance is controlled by the metal composition, the density of application and the like.

Flexible electric circuit for heating comprising a metallised fabric


Disclosed is a field device adapter for wireless data transfer, comprising: an adapter housing having a first and a second end, the first end such that the field device adapter can be mechanically connected to a field device and the second end such that a two-wire cable can be connected to the field device adapter. The adapter housing also having an adapter chamber; a supply electronics unit arranged in the adapter chamber and designed to provide a supply voltage via a voltage tap; an adapter electronics unit; and an adapter connection cable at the first end for connecting the adapter electronics to a field device electronics. The adapter electronics are designed to communicate the two-conductor signals between the field device electronics and the two-conducting-wire cable and also to convert the two-conductor signals into radio signals or vice versa.

In automation technology, especially in process automation, field devices are widely used which serve for the determination, optimization and/or influencing of process variables. Sensors, such as fill-level measuring devices, flow meters, pressure and temperature measuring devices, pressure and temperature measuring devices, conductivity measuring devices, etc., are used for capturing the respective process variables, such as fill level, flow rate, pressure, temperature, and conductivity. Actuators, such as, for example, valves or pumps, are used to influence process variables. The flow rate of a fluid in a pipeline section or a filling level in a container can thus be altered by means of actuators. Field devices, in general, refer to all devices which are process-oriented and which supply or process process-relevant information. In the context of the invention, field devices also refer to remote I/Os (electrical interfaces), radio adapters and/or, in general, devices that are arranged on the field level.
A variety of such field devices are manufactured and marketed by the Endress+Hauser company.
Two-wire field devices which are connected via a two-wire line to a superordinate unit, for example to a control unit PLC, are currently still in common use in a large number of existing automation systems. Two-wire field devices are designed in such a way that measurement or control values as a main process variable are communicated, i.e. transmitted, in analog form via the two-wire line or the two-wire cable as a 4-20 mA signal. The HART protocol in particular has proven successful for the transmission of all other data, whereby a frequency signal as a digital two-conductor signal for data transmission is superimposed on the analog current signal of 4-20 mA. According to the HART protocol, data transfer is effected by switching back and forth between 1200 Hz and 2400 Hz, wherein the low frequency stands for a logical "0" and the higher frequency stands for a logical "1". In this way, the analog current signal, which changes only slowly, is unaffected by the frequency superposition, so that it is combined by means of HART analog and digital communication.
In the course of the increasing digitization, however, it is desirable that the data can be transferred with the field device not only via the two-wire line, that is to say purely wire-bound, but also communicated wirelessly. This may be to transfer the data wirelessly to a database, for example a cloud database, and make it available there, or to transfer data wirelessly between the field device and a mobile control unit, for example in order to parametrize the field device wirelessly via the mobile control device.

Field device adapter for wireless data transfer


The invention provides a method and apparatus for providing content in a network having a network proxy arranged between a mobile terminal and a content provider. The method features a step of adapting or transforming the content in the network proxy based on one or more digital rights issued by the owner of the content. The network proxy includes an adaption policy module that receives the digital rights and provides an adaption policy; and an adaption engine module that receives the adaption policy and the content from the content provider, and provides adapted content to the terminal. In operation, the network proxy uses the digital rights to determine an optimal adaptation policy and then uses that to transform the content.

1. Field of Invention
This invention relates to content adaptation or media transformation in a general context; and more particularly relates to content adaptation or media transformation in the context of a mobile terminal.
In the future as the applicability of Digital Rights Management (DRM) increases in popularity there is a risk that general content adaptation done at some proxy network like a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) network proxy may not be acceptable legally. This invention addresses this problematic situation and proposes a solution wherein the network proxy can still continue to do the content adaptation, but legally.
2. Description of Related Art
Content adaptation is likely to increasingly become a legal issue in the future. Moreover, it will be an increasingly more significant concern for market leaders in the mobile industry, since content adaptation is mostly required for terminals of limited capabilities in contrast to desktop personal computers or laptops which have significantly more capabilities.
With growing mobile access of Internet content, the necessity of adapting/transforming media or content included in the websites for optimal user experience is becoming increasingly necessary. Some websites are already not allowing any content adaptation on the client side. For example, sites of major companies already do not allow any content adaptation. Also, issues like scaling down an image to fit the appropriate screen size and resolution of a mobile terminal may in effect make the image unusable in its proper context. The same argument may hold with brand logos or other copyrighted information. In the future as the DRM increases in popularity there is a risk that general content adaptation done at some proxy like a WAP proxy may not be acceptable legally.
In the prior art, content adaptation is performed by the content provider or at the client side proxy. The content provider may not provide full content adaptation because then it may not really know the capabilities of the terminals for which it needs to adapt, nor is this approach cost effective. The content provider can provide the same content in different formats suitable for different devices, though this is an expensive approach. Even then, the problem of optimal user experience based on the terminal used is quite difficult to achieve. The content needs to be transformed/adapted on the fly in the network, with the knowledge of terminal capabilities and network parameters.
To date, there is no explicit need to obtain rights for transforming/adapting the content in the client side proxy, but, in future the scenario may become entirely different.
Further, there is no known prior art which provides a rights representation language or schemas for such content adaptation.

Method and apparatus to represent and use rights for content/media adaptation/transformation


The fuel feeding device includes a fuel supplying tank, the exclusive nozzle for fuel connected to the lower portion of the fuel supplying tank and the nozzle, which also acts as an air releasing passage. When the fuel feeding device is pushed up over the fuel tank, the exclusive nozzle for supplying fuel and the nozzle which also acts as an air releasing passageway are opened or closed by the valves. Concurrently, the exclusive nozzle for fuel is applied as a fuel supplying passage and an inside area of the nozzle also acting as air releasing passageway is made such that about 1/3 of a sectional area of the passage is partitioned to make the air releasing passage and remaining about 2/3 of nozzle is applied as a fuel passage, where the fuel is supplied from it and at the same time air in the fuel tank is discharged out of the air releasing passage.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a fuel feeding device used for supplying fuel to a racing motorcycle.
2. Description of the Background Art
In Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. Hei 3-27869 a fuel feeding device is disclosed for feeding fuel to a fuel tank of a motorcycle.
This device is provided with two nozzles, i.e. one exclusive nozzle for fuel and the other exclusive nozzle for releasing air. The two nozzles have substantially the same diameter as each other. When each of the nozzles is inserted into feeding ports arranged separately at a fuel tank, a valve installed at the distal end of each of the nozzles abuts at a position adjacent to the feeding ports to close the clearance between the nozzle and the feeding ports. Concurrently, the valve is opened to feed fuel through the exclusive nozzle for fuel and air is removed from the exclusive nozzle for releasing air.


A digital cordless telephone (CT-2) system, having a multiple number of subscriber cordless handsets (HS's) and a subscriber manager which performs authentication for the HS's, comprises a plurality of base stations (BS's), each of the BS's being coupled with one or more HS's by radio channels for controlling radio link; and a system connector coupled with each of the BS's, coupled with a public switched telephone network (PSTN) for switching and concentrating channels between each of the BS's and the PSTN, and coupled with a public switched data network (PSDN) for communicating with the subscriber manager.

The use of radio frequency media for telephony has become widely available in recent years. A digital cordless telephone (Second Generation Cordless Telephone: CT-2) system has recently been introduced into the market and the present-day CT-2 system is regarded as an access point in a PSTN (public switched telephone network).
Such a CT-2 system comprises a base station connected to the PSTN for communicating with other PSTN subscriber, wherein, by means of the base station, only outward calls are possible for a CT-2 terminal. And the CT-2 system further comprises a subscriber managing unit connected to a PSDN (public switched data network) for communicating with the base station to authenticate the CT-2 terminal.
An example of the conventional CT-2 system 100 is described in FIGS. 1 and 2. In FIG. 1, there is provided a block diagram of a conventional CT-2 system 100. In FIG. 2, there is provided a block diagram of the base station 10 of the CT-2 system 100 shown in FIG. 1.
Referring to FIG. 1, the CT-2 system 100 comprises a plurality of CT-2 terminals (handsets: HS's) 1 to 4, a multiplicity of base stations (BS's) 10 to 14, a base station connecting (BSC) unit 20, and a subscriber managing (SM) unit 30.
Each of the HS's 1 to 4 is connected to one of BS's 10 to 14 by radio channels, using a known digital signaling protocol, e.g., the CT-2 CAI (Common Air Interface) signaling protocol. And each of the BS's 10 to 1 is coupled with the PSTN 40 by a predetermined number, e.g., four, of two-wired cables, wherein each of the four cables has the capability of an analog subscriber connection. And also, each of the BS's 10 to 14 is coupled with the BSC unit 20 by a two-wired cable for predetermined data transmission.
Hereafter, for the sake of illustration, it is assumed that a call is originated by the HS 1 and that the HS 1 is within the serving area of the BS 10. When the call is originated by the HS 1, a call origination message including a PID (Portable Identity Code) of the HS 1 is transmitted to the BS 10. Then, a radio channel is assigned by the BS 10 and the PID is transferred from the BS 10 to the BSC unit 20. At the BSC unit 20, the PID is formed into a predetermined protocol format, e.g., X.25 protocol packet, to be transferred to the SM unit 30 for terminal authentication through the PSDN 50.
If the HS 1 is authenticated as a registered one by the SM unit 30, a channel connected to the PSTN 40 is assigned to the HS 1 by the BS 10. And then, the destination subscriber number is dialed by the HS 1 to be transferred to the PSTN 40.
Since the rest of the HS's 2 to 4 and the rest of the BS's 12 to 14 are substantially identical to the HS 1 and the BS 10, respectively, further explanation on their operation is omitted here for the sake of simplicity.
Referring now to FIG. 2, the BS 10 includes a radio frequency interfacing (RFI) unit 22, four ADPCM/PCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse-Code Modulation/Pulse-Code Modulation) converting (APC) units 32 to 38, four codec/filters 42 to 48, four analog subscriber interfacing (ASI) units 52 to 58, a controller 62, a modem interfacing (MI) unit 72.
In the HS 1, speech is modulated to a 32 kbps ADPCM signal and a predetermined CT-2 CAI message required while the call is generated. The 32 kbps up-stream ADPCM signal is transmitted via a speech channel, and the digital signaling message via a control channel.
The RFI unit 22 may be a typical radio frequency transceiver. Through the RFI unit 22, the 32 kbps up-stream ADPCM signal is applied to one of the APC units, e.g., the APC unit 32; and the CT-2 CAI message is applied to the controller 62.
In the APC unit 32, the 32 kbps up-stream ADPCM signal is converted to a 64 kbps PCM signal. The converted 64 kbps PCM signal is applied to the corresponding codec/filer 42. The 64 kbps PCM signal is decoded and filtered to generate an analog speech signal at the codec/filter 42.
The CT-2 CAI message is analyzed by the controller 62 which controls the ASI unit 52 for transferring the analog speech signal and the predetermined subscriber line signaling, e.g., the hook-on/off, dialing and the like, to the PSTN 40 and also monitors the ASI unit 52 for the channel status, e.g., channel seizure status and the like.
On the other hand, the controller 62 is coupled with the MI unit 72 to communicate with the SM unit 30 for terminal authentication. The MI unit 72 may be a typical modem circuit. Data for the terminal authentication, including the PID of the HS 1, is transferred synchronously at the transfer speed, e.g., of 1.2 kbps from the MI unit 72 to the BSC unit 20.
The detailed description of the rest of the APC's 34 to 38, the codec/filters 44 to 48, the ASI's 54 to 58 is omitted here for the same reason as the HS's 2 to 4. And also, since the description for the down-stream signal is well known to a skilled person in the art, it is omitted here for the sake of brevity.
However, in case of the prior art, the cost to construct the entire CT-2 system 100 is very high since each of the ASI's 52 to 58 is connected to the PSTN by its own two-wired cables. In other words, non-switched/non-concentrated channels tend to entail a low efficiency in using the subscriber circuit (not shown) within the PSTN 40.
Further, the call authentication is delayed and the connectivity of the call is degraded because the data is transferred synchronously at a low transfer speed between each of the BS's 10 to 14 and the BSC unit 20 via the modem.
Furthermore, since the speech is converted to a digital signal in each of the HS's 1 to 4 and converted again to an analog signal at the BS 10, it is complicated to configure, operate and maintain the CT-2 system 100. And also, the quality of the call may be degraded due to the multi conversion processes.
Consequently, it is desirable to provide a cordless telephone system capable of switching and concentrating channels between each of the BS's 10 to 14 and the PSTN 40 and improving the connectivity and quality of a call.


The present invention provides an aircraft assembly with a fixed structure and a high-lift device. The fixed structure has a spar, a forward part which provides a foremost edge of an aircraft wing, and a lower part which provides a lower surface of the aircraft wing. A high-lift device is downwardly movable relative to the fixed structure from a stowed configuration to a deployed configuration. The high-lift device has a forward part which provides a foremost edge of the aircraft wing and a lower part which provides a lower surface of the aircraft wing. Downward movement of the high-lift device causes progressive opening of a lateral gap between the lower part of the high-lift device and the lower part of the fixed structure. A retractable infill panel is arranged to progressively extend from a retracted configuration to an extended configuration to fill the lateral gap.

Some fixed wing aircraft have leading edge high-lift devices such as droop nose devices or slats which are downwardly movable relative to the fixed structure of the wing from a stowed configuration to a deployed configuration. Deployment of such devices relative to the fixed structure causes a lateral gap to progressively open between a lateral edge of the high-lift device and the fixed structure. Such gaps can cause systems and structure within the fixed wing structure to become exposed to the risk of fire or debris ingress, or can alternatively impose an aerodynamic penalty on the aircraft.
Previous solutions have included a false floor attached to the fixed structure, but such a solution is not always practicable and also adds weight to the aircraft.

Retractable infill panel for high-lift device


A system including an electromagnetic braking system that has an eddy current brake. The eddy current brake includes an electrically conductive surface coupled to a shaft of a generator system, wherein the eddy current brake is configured to induce an electromagnetic force on the electrically conductive surface when powered. The electromagnetic braking system further includes a supercapacitor coupled to the eddy current brake, wherein the supercapacitor is configured to discharge to power the eddy current brake for the duration of a ride through event of the generator system, and the supercapacitor is configured to supply a threshold current to the eddy current brake within approximately 100 ms of a start of the ride through event.

The subject matter disclosed herein relates generally to a power generation system and more specifically to electromagnetic braking of a generator of the power generation system during a low voltage ride through (LVRT) event.
A power grid collects power generated from multiple generators and transmits the power to different locations. During operation, grid disturbances may occur, which may be due to faults and decrease the voltage in a utility system. A sudden reduction in voltage at the point of interconnection of a generator and the grid may result in a sudden reduction of the electrical power output of the generator. As a consequence, there may be a greater mechanical power input from an engine coupled to the generator compared to the electrical power output of the generator. This may cause the rotational speed of the generator to accelerate, leading to a loss of synchronism between the generator and the grid. Moreover, disconnecting the generator may reduce the stability of the grid.
As a result, some grid codes specify that generators "ride through" certain voltage conditions caused by grid fault events. As may be appreciated, the phrase "ride through" as utilized herein may be defined as to continue operating without disconnecting from the grid. This capability is referred to as an LVRT or fault ride through (FRT). Various types of loads may be applied to the generator to reduce the difference in mechanical input and electrical output from the generator. Unfortunately, known electromagnetic braking systems utilize multiple components (e.g., batteries, capacitors, chargers) and have high maintenance costs associated with batteries.


The present invention relates to a process for reducing the Bromine Index of a hydrocarbon feedstock having at least 50 wt. % of C8 aromatics, comprising the step of contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock with a catalyst at conversion conditions, wherein the catalyst includes a molecular sieve having a zeolite structure type of MWW.

Hydrocarbon feedstocks such as aromatic hydrocarbon feedstocks are derived from processes such as naphtha reforming and thermal cracking (pyrolysis). Such feedstocks can be used in a variety of petrochemical processes, such as para-xylene production from an aromatic hydrocarbon feedstock containing benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX), toluene disproportionation, xylene isomerization, alkylation and transalkylation. However, aromatic hydrocarbon feedstocks often contain contaminants comprising bromine-reactive compounds including unsaturated hydrocarbons, such as mono-olefins, multi-olefins and styrenes. These can cause undesirable side reactions in downstream processes. Therefore, these contaminants should be removed from the aromatic hydrocarbon feedstocks before they can be used in other processes.
Improved processes for aromatics production, such as that described in the Handbook of Petroleum Processing, McGraw-Hill, New York 1996, pp. 4.3-4.26, provide increased aromatics yield but also increase the amount of contaminants. For example, the shift from high-pressure semi-regenerative reformers to low-pressure moving bed reformers results in a substantial increase in BI in the reformate streams, which are aromatic hydrocarbon feedstocks for downstream processes. This results in a greater need for more efficient and less expensive methods for removal of hydrocarbon contaminants from aromatic hydrocarbon feedstocks, e.g., reformate streams.
Olefins (mono-olefins and multi-olefins) in aromatic hydrocarbon feedstocks are commercially removed by hydrotreating processes. Commercial hydrotreating catalysts have proved active and stable to substantially convert multi-olefins contained therein to oligomers and to partially convert the olefins to alkylaromatics.
The clay treatment of hydrocarbons is widely practiced in the petroleum and petrochemical industries. Clay catalysts are used to remove impurities from hydrocarbon feedstocks in a wide variety of processes. One of the most common reasons for treating these hydrocarbon feedstocks with a clay catalyst system is to remove undesirable olefins, including both multi-olefins and mono-olefins, in order to meet various quality specifications. As used herein the term "olefinic compound" or "olefinic material" is intended to refer to both mono-olefins and multi-olefins. Olefinic compounds may be objectionable in aromatic hydrocarbons at even very low concentrations of less than a few weight parts per million (wppm) for some processes such as nitration of benzene.
The term "mono-olefins" as used herein means olefinic compounds containing one carbon-carbon double bond per molecule. Examples of mono-olefins are ethylene, propylene, butenes, hexenes, styrene, and octenes. The term "multi-olefins" used herein means olefinic compounds containing at least two carbon-carbon double bonds per molecule. Examples of multi-olefins are butadienes, cyclopentadienes, and isoprenes.
More recently, molecular sieves, and particularly zeolites, have been proposed as replacements for clays in the removal of olefinic compounds from aromatic hydrocarbon feedstocks. U.S. Pat. No. 6,368,496 (Brown et al.) discloses a method for removing bromine reactive hydrocarbon contaminants from aromatic streams by first providing an aromatic feedstream having a negligible diene level. The feedstream is contacted with an acid active catalyst composition under conditions sufficient to remove mono-olefins. An aromatic stream may be pretreated to remove dienes by contacting the stream with clay, hydrogenation or hydrotreating catalyst under conditions sufficient to substantially remove dienes but not mono-olefins.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,500,996 (Brown et al.) discloses a method for the removal of hydrocarbon contaminants, such as dienes and olefins, from an aromatics reformate by contacting an aromatics reformate stream with a hydrotreating catalyst and/or a molecular sieve. The hydrotreating catalyst substantially converts all dienes to oligomers and partially converts olefins to alkylaromatics. The molecular sieve converts the olefins to alkylaromatics. The process provides an olefin depleted product which can be passed through a clay treater to substantially convert the remaining olefins to alkylaromatics. The hydrotreating catalyst has a metal component of nickel, cobalt, chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, nickel-molybdenum, cobalt-nickel-molybdenum, nickel-tungsten, cobalt-molybdenum or nickel-tungsten-titanium, with a nickel molybdenum/alumina catalyst being preferred. The molecular sieve is an intermediate pore size zeolite, preferably MCM-22. The clay treatment can be carried out with any clay suitable for treating hydrocarbons.
Aromatic feedstocks having high C8 aromatics (ethylbenzene, para-xylene, meta-xylene, and ortho-xylene), which typically are xylene plant feedstocks for producing para-xylene, ortho-xylene, or mix-xylenes, may be obtained by distillation of reformate streams. Bromine reactive compounds co-boiling with C8 aromatics result in high BI for the C8 aromatic feedstocks. The xylene plant processes and products (e.g., para-xylene) have certain BI requirements or specifications. Conventionally, xylene plant feedstock is treated with an acid treated clay to remove co-boiling olefinic compound(s) under conditions having a temperature range from about 160° C. to about 200° C. and a pressure range from about 1480 to about 2859 kPa-a. Undesired side reactions, e.g., transalkylation or disproportionation, may form benzene as a by-product, which may be a problem for downstream processes, such as separation process by PAREX™. These side reactions are a common problem at the beginning of the process (start-of-run) with the commercial acid treated clay catalysts. After several days on stream, acid treated clay catalysts are highly selective for BI reduction versus transalkylation and disproportionation. The products from commercial xylenes clay treaters typically have benzene levels no more than 30 wppm higher than the benzene in the feed. However, the acid treated clay catalysts have poor stability and catalyst lifetime. As a result, large quantities of acid treated clay are required and must be replaced regularly (typically, every 3 to 12 months for xylene plant feedstocks). Unlike clay catalysts, molecular sieves are known to have high activity for BI reduction, which results in long catalyst lifetime (cycle-length) and high capacity. However, molecular sieves are also known to have high activity for aromatics disproportionation and transalkylation reactions.
For this reason, a need exists for an improved process for reducing BI for xylene plant feedstock that has similar excellent selectivity for BI reduction as clay catalyst but has improved catalyst lifetime. The present invention solves this problem by advantageously contacting the aromatic feedstock with a catalyst comprising a molecular sieve having a zeolite structure type of MWW.

Process for reducing bromine index of hydrocarbon feedstocks


An apparatus includes a housing, a channel (51) within the housing, and a plurality of spur gears (55b, 56, 57, 58) disposed within the channel and in gear meshing engagement. A first one (58) of the plurality of spur gears protrudes from the housing. First and second meshing bevel gears (54, 55a) impart rotation to the plurality of spur gears. The first bevel gear (55a) is rotatable about an axis coaxial with a second one (55b) of the plurality of spur gears. The first bevel gear (55a) is fixed for rotation with the second spur gear (55b). The second bevel gear (54) has a drive connection (60) which, when rotated, causes rotation of the plurality of spur gears by rotating the first and second bevel gears.

A typical assembly process for a vehicle steering wheel having a driver's side air bag involves a series of sequential steps. For example, a steering wheel is first attached to a steering shaft using a fastener which is accessed and tightened in a center area of the steering wheel. Next, an air bag module is placed in the center area of the steering wheel and secured thereto.

Multi-gear attachment tool for a steering wheel assembly


A method of encoding an input video signal for communication over a computer network, the method comprising the steps of: i) dividing each frame into a two-dimensional array of macroblocks; ii) detecting motion between each macroblock of a current frame and the corresponding macroblock of a previous frame, and coding only those macroblocks where motion is detected; iii) replacing all coefficients of non-coded macroblocks with zero coefficients; iv) applying discrete cosine transformation to coded macroblocks; v) reorganizing coefficients into a multi-resolution representation; vi) quantizing the coefficients with a uniform scalar quantizer to produce a significance map; and vii) adaptive arithmetic coding of said signal by encoding the motion information, encoding the significance map, encoding the signs of all significant coefficients, and encoding the magnitudes of significant coefficients, in bit-plane order starting with the most significant bit.

With the availability of high-performance personal computers and popularity of broadband Internet connections, the demand for Internet-based video applications such as video conferencing, video messaging, video-on-demand, etc. is rapidly increasing. To reduce transmission and storage costs, improved bit-rate compression/decompression ("codec") systems are needed. Image, video, and audio signals are amenable to compression due to considerable statistical redundancy in the signals. Within a single image or a single video frame, there exists significant correlation among neighboring samples, giving rise to what is generally termed "spatial correlation". Also, in moving images, such as full motion video, there is significant correlation among samples in different segments of time such as successive frames. This correlation is generally referred to as "temporal correlation". There is a need for an improved, cost-effective system and method that uses both spatial and temporal correlation to remove the redundancy in the video to achieve high compression in transmission and to maintain good to excellent image quality, while adapting to change in the available bandwidth of the transmission channel and to the limitations of the receiving resources of the clients.
A known technique for taking advantage of the limited variation between frames of a motion video is known as motion-compensated image coding. In such coding, the current frame is predicted from the previously encoded frame using motion estimation and compensation, and only the difference between the actual current frame and the predicted current frame is coded. By coding only the difference, or residual, rather than the image frame itself, it is possible to improve image quality, for the residual tends to have lower amplitude than the image, and can thus be coded with greater accuracy. Motion estimation and compensation are discussed in Lim, J. S. Two-Dimensional Signal and Image Processing, Prentice Hall, pp. 497-507 (1990). However, motion estimation and compensation techniques have high computational cost, prohibiting software-only applications for most personal computers.
Further difficulties arise in the provision of a codec for an Internet streamer in that the bandwidth of the transmission channel is subject to change during transmission, and clients with varying receiver resources may join or leave the network as well during transmission. Internet streaming applications require video encoding technologies with features such as low delay, low complexity, scalable representation, and error resilience for effective video communications. The current standards and the state-of-the-art video coding technologies are proving to be insufficient to provide these features. Some of the developed standards (MPEG-1, MPEG-2) target non-interactive streaming applications. Although H.323 Recommendation targets interactive audiovisual conferencing over unreliable packet networks (such as the Internet), the applied H.26x video codecs do not support all the features demanded by Internet-based applications. Although new standards such as H.263+ and MPEG-4 started to address some of these issues (scalability, error resilience, etc.), the current state of these standards is far from being complete in order to support a wide range of video applications effectively.
Due to very heterogeneous networking and computing infrastructure, highly scalable video coding algorithms are required. A video codec should provide reasonable quality to low-performance personal computers connected via a dial-up modem or a wireless connection, and high quality to high-performance computers connected using T1. Thus the compression algorithm is expected to scale well in terms of both computational cost and bandwidth requirement.
Real Time Protocol (RTP) is most commonly used to carry time-sensitive multimedia traffic over the Internet. Since RTP is built on the unreliable user datagram protocol (UDP), the coding algorithm must be able to effectively handle packet losses. Furthermore, due to low-delay requirements of the interactive applications and multicast transmission requirements, the popular retransmission method widely deployed over the Internet cannot be used. Thus the video codec should provide high degree of resilience against network and transmission errors in order to minimize impact on visual quality.
Computational complexity of the encoding and decoding process must be low in order to provide reasonable frame rate and quality on low-performance computers (PDAs, hand-held computers, etc.) and high frame-rate and quality on average personal computers. As mentioned, the popularly applied motion estimation and motion compensation techniques have high computational cost prohibiting software-only applications for most personal computers.