A method and system for avoiding the overwriting of drivers by subsequent versions or other commonly named drivers includes generating a unique identity for every eligible driver package. Driver files from the driver package, or the entire driver package itself, are then installed in a subdirectory location in a common storage based on the unique identity. The driver files may be loaded to a memory from the subdirectory location. Thus, multiple driver packages and driver files having the same name may be installed and loaded side-by-side.

A driver image file (or "driver") is a program routine that links an operating system for a computing device to a peripheral device. A driver image file contains the machine language utilized by the peripheral device to perform functions requested by a corresponding program code. For a peripheral device that can be used in cooperation with a computing device, a driver package that contains associated driver files, including a driver image file, is installed onto the hard drive of the computing device before the peripheral device is able to perform its intended functions.
The number of driver packages installed on a hard drive of a computing device increases with the number of peripheral devices supported by the operating system of the computing device. In particular, for most every peripheral device that is used in association with a computing device, a rather steady stream of driver packages is installed onto the hard drive of the computing device to either replace or update an existing driver package or driver files associated with the existing driver package.
Unfortunately, vendors of peripheral devices and corresponding driver packages frequently use the same names for new and updated versions of the driver files associated with the aforementioned driver packages. As the new or updated driver packages or associated driver files are installed onto a hard drive of a computing device, they are typically written over previously installed driver packages that have commonly named driver files associated therewith, regardless of whether the commonly named driver files relate to the same peripheral device. Thus, repetitive usage of driver file names leads to what those skilled in the art call "driver collisions." As a result of a driver file collision, a peripheral device using a particular driver file may actually call another driver file having the same name as the intended driver file, or the peripheral device may call for a driver file that simply no longer exists because it has been overwritten by a subsequently installed driver file having the same name.
Researchers at Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash. determined that more than 157,000 driver files are found to be supported by a current version of the Windows® Operating System, but approximately only 26,000 of those driver files are uniquely named. That is, close to 131,000 driver files supported by the operating system have redundant names. Further still, the study found that the number of uniquely named driver files submitted by vendors of peripheral devices increases at a rate of at least 12 per day, but the total number of new driver files supported by the operating system increases at a rate of more than 150 per day. In other words, driver files bearing a repeated name are added at a rate of approximately 138 per day. Accordingly, the rate of driver collisions increases as well.
The following scenario typifies the problems resulting from redundantly named driver files loaded onto an operating system. The example contemplates a user who plugs a printer into her computer, and installs the corresponding driver package. The driver package includes an information file "INF," which indicates which files are contained in the driver package. Typically, the INF file indicates the presence of at least a driver image file (e.g., "foo.sys"), which is installed onto the hard drive of the user's computer. The example further contemplates the user subsequently plugging a photocopier into her computer, and installing the corresponding driver package that also has a driver image file named "foo.sys." Under presently implemented solutions, the driver image file foo.sys corresponding to the most recently plugged-in copier is installed over the older driver image file foo.sys corresponding to the printer. As a result, any attempt to use the printer results in a driver collision when an attempt is made to load foo.sys corresponding to the copier into the memory of the computer for use by the corresponding application program. Accordingly, the printer is inoperable on the user's computer.
Another example scenario relates to vendors intending different versions of their peripheral devices to be driven by different versions of driver image files. However, when a vendor fails to change the name of at least one of the driver image files when updating or upgrading an earlier version of the driver image files, the older version of the driver image file on the hard drive of the computing device is overwritten by the updated driver image file. Consequently, when the newer version of a driver image file is written over the previous version of the driver image file having the same name, the peripheral device requiring the previous version of the driver image file is unable to load the intended driver image file into a memory, and thus the peripheral device cannot operate on the computing device. That is, a new or updated driver image file having the same name as a previous version of the driver image file has been installed onto the hard drive of the computing device in place of the previous version of the driver image file.


Disclosed herein is a device which includes a first panel, a second panel, a center panel, an upright support (pillar), and a base. The first and second panels each include one or more ultraviolet lamps. The center panel may optionally include one or more ultraviolet lamps. The panels are mounted to a swivel plate, which is in turn mounted to the upright support. The swivel plate allows the panels to be rotated by approximately 90 degrees. The upright support has a track that allows the swivel plate to move up and down the upright support.

Contemporary phototherapy systems used in the treatment of psoriasis and other skin diseases are typically designed to treat only one or two areas of the body. One device currently on the market features a single body-sized panel that is used for treating the front or back of the patient. Another device used for treating the face and chest area features a smaller table-top panel. If the patient requires ultraviolet treatment on his or her hands or feet, yet another system is required. In addition, scalp treatment may involve the use of an ultraviolet comb or wand.
For patients with skin diseases on multiple areas of the body, treatment may involve the use of several different phototherapy systems. If the patient desires or requires treatment at home, the cost of purchasing multiple phototherapy systems and/or the space required to store them may prove prohibitive.
There therefore exists a need for a device that reduces the number of phototherapy systems required to treat multiple areas of the body.


A method and device for producing boxes from paper or cardboard is provided. The boxes include a cut-out shape in the form of the bottom or the lid, with a lateral wall stuck thereto. The lateral wall is formed from a strip having a beginning, an end, and connection tongues are bent by up to 90° C. Then, the beginning of the strip is applied and fixed to the lateral surface of a cylindrical female mold having a cross-section corresponding to the cross-section of the box, by means of a male mold. Then, the female mold is turned. The strip is sucked onto the lateral surface and held in place by means of a vacuum. After an adhesive has been applied to the beginning or end of the strip, the beginning and end of the strip are stuck together. Then, a cut-out shape in the form of the bottom or the lid, which has previously had adhesive applied to the periphery thereof, is pressed onto the connection tongues. Once the adhesive has hardened and the vacuum has been stopped, the finished box can be removed from the female mold.

Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a method for producing paper or cardboard box lids and/or box bottoms with a lid or bottom blank and a sidewall attached thereto. It relates further to devices for producing box parts of this type.
Description of the Background Art
The production of paper or cardboard boxes with a cubic form with the use of fully automatic box erecting machines has already been worked out very well. The production of boxes with a non-cubic form, particularly when the cross section of the boxes has at least one concave section and at least one convex section, continues to be problematic, however. Boxes of this type are described, for example, in DE 20 2006 014 009 U1 and in DE 10 2006 028 824 A1 and DE 10 2005 054 982 A1. The production of these boxes occurs so that an elongated paper or cardboard strip forming the sidewall is glued onto the base made of paper or cardboard. For this purpose, the paper or cardboard strip has a length that corresponds to the periphery of the base. Connecting tabs, which are connected to the strip by a bending line, are formed on the long side of the strip forming the sidewall.
To produce these boxes, the strip forming the sidewall is first glued to form a ring. The connecting tabs are then folded inward. Next, this ring is placed manually on a form, which corresponds to the desired box shape, and fixed in place. Subsequently, the base is glued onto this shaped ring. After removal of the glued unit, a so-called interior mirror, which covers the connecting tabs, is then glued in.
Because the described production method is essentially manual work, it is not very efficient. This is unsatisfactory.
Other machines for producing heart-shaped boxes are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,664,739, 2,240,445, and 3,643,554. U.S. Pat. No. 4,395,253 describes a machine for producing boxes made of corrugated cardboard.

Method and device for producing paper or cardboard box lids and/or box bottoms


A cermet in which the hard constituents are based on Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo and/or W and the binder phase is based on Co and/or Ni and possibly small amounts of Al being present. At least 80% by volume of the hard constituents consist of duplex structures made up of a core and at least one surrounding rim. The duplex hard constituents consist of several, preferably at least two, different hard constituent types concerning the composition of core and/or rim(s). These individual hard constituent types consist each of 10-80%, preferably 20-70% by volume of the total content of hard constituents. In addition, non-duplex hard constituents may be present in amounts of up to 20% by volume of the total hard constituent amount.

Classic cemented carbide, i.e., based upon tungsten carbide (WC) and with cobalt (Co) as binder phase has in the last few years met with increased competition from titanium based hard materials, usually named cermets. In the beginning these titanium based alloys were used only for high speed finishing because of their extraordinary wear resistance at high cutting temperatures. This depended essentially upon the good chemical stability of these titanium based alloys. The toughness behaviour and resistance to plastic deformation were not satisfactory, however, and therefore the area of application was relatively limited.
The development has, however, proceeded and the range of application for sintered titanium based hard materials has been considerably enlarged. The toughness behaviour and the resistance to plastic deformation have been considerably improved. This has been done, however, by partly sacrificing the wear resistance.
An important development of titanium based hard alloys is substitution of carbon by nitrogen in the hard constituents. This decreases, i.e., the grain size of the hard constituents in the sintered alloy which, i.e., leads to the possibility of increasing the toughness at unchanged wear resistance. These alloys are usually considerably more fine grained than normal cemented carbide, i.e., WC-Co-based hard alloy. Nitrides are also generally more chemically stable than carbides and these result in lower tendencies to sticking of work piece material or wear by solution of the tool, so called diffusional wear.
In the binder phase, the metals of the iron group, i.e., Fe, Ni and/or Co, are used. In the beginning only Ni was used, but nowadays both Co and Ni are often found in the binder phase of modern alloys.
Besides Ti, the other metals of the groups IVa, Va and VIa, i.e., Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo and/or W, are normally used as hard constituent formers. There are also other metals used, for example Al, which sometimes are said to harden the binder phase and sometimes improve the wetting between hard constituents and binder phase, i.e., facilitate the sintering.
Most papers, patent publications, etc. relating to sintered carbonitride alloys deal with the hard constituents as a homogeneous phase independent of how many alloying components are involved. This is natural because normally only one type of reflexes is obtained from hard constituents at X-ray diffraction analyses of such alloys. In order for deeper understanding of the often very complex sintered titanium-based carbonitride alloys it is necessary, however, to penetrate the structure more in detail.
It is a general opinion that alloys of this type are always in equilibrium. There are, however, about as many small local equilibriums as the number of hard constituent grains in the alloy. It is evident by way of a more careful examination that the hard constituent grains most often are duplex, usually still more complicated, in the shape of a core and at least one surrounding rim having a different composition. The surrounding rims have within themselves no constant compositions but often contain various gradients at which, for example, a metal content can decrease towards the center, which is compensated for by another metal content which decreases towards the surface. Also, the relative contents of the interstitial elements carbon and nitrogen vary more or less continuously from the center of the hard constituent grains and out to the surface in contact with the binder phase.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,971,656 discloses the preparation of a duplex hard constituent in which the core has a high content of titanium and nitrogen and the surrounding rim has a lower content of these two elements which is compensated for by higher amounts of group VIa-metals, i.e., principally molybdenum and tungsten, and of a higher content of carbon. The higher contents of Mo, W and C have, i.e., the advantage that the wetting to the binder phase is improved, i.e., the sintering is facilitated.
In Swedish Patent Application No. 8604971-5, it is shown how the resistance to plastic deformation can be considerably improved by the carbide phase of the alloy having a duplex structure in which the core has a high content of titanium and tantalum but a low content of nitrogen. The surrounding rim has a higher amount of group VIa-atoms, i.e., molybdenum and tungsten, and a higher nitrogen content than the core, i.e., the distribution of nitrogen is contrary to that of U.S. Pat. No. 3,971,656. In comparison with sintered carbonitride alloys having the same macroscopic compositions but prepared from elementary raw materials (which caused structures of the type described above), a considerably better resistance to plastic deformation was obtained with materials containing duplex carbonitride having a low nitrogen content in the core according to the invention being referred to.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,778,521 relates to carbonitrides with a core containing high amounts of Ti, C and N, an intermediary rim having high amounts of W and C and an outer rim containing Ti, W, C and N in contents between those in the core and those in the intermediary rim, respectively.
Another variation of the same subject is shown in Japanese Patent Application No. 63-216,941 in which the core consists of (Ti, Ta/Nb) (C,N) and the rim of (Ti, Ta/Nb, W/Mo) (C,N). The raw material is the carbonitride of the core and the process is the same as in the previously mentioned patent, i.e., the raw materials with W and Mo are dissolved and are present in the rim which grows on remaining hard constituent grains during the sintering. Also, this type of carbonitride gives an improved toughness at unchanged wear resistance.
It is common in all of the above-mentioned patents and patent applications that they only relate to one type of carbonitride in each sintered alloy and that they have lower contents of group VIa-metals in the core than in the rim/rims.
In German DE 38 06 602 Al is described how the hot strength properties can be improved by giving a raw material in the form of complex carbide and/or nitride a diffusion impeding barrier layer in the beginning of the sintering process, i.e., when the binder phase starts melting, by means of an aluminum containing complex carbide and/or nitride in the raw materials. This is an example of how it is possible by means of so-called "amalgam metallurgy" to isolate cores which otherwise would have been dissolved to some extent. The improved properties are only related to the amount of added Ti.sub.2 AlN.

Cermet having different types of duplex hard constituents of a core and rim structure in a Co and/or Ni matrix


Two accelerator pedal position sensors independently sense the position of an accelerator pedal driving an internal combustion engine. A first emergency running mode of the internal combustion engine is set if a failure is detected of either the first or the second pedal position sensor. In the first emergency running mode, the torque at a shaft of the drive train is limited to an emergency running mode torque which depends on at least one operating variable.

Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a method for controlling an internal combustion engine to which a first pedal position sensor and a second pedal position sensor are assigned which each sense the position of an accelerator pedal. An emergency running mode of the internal combustion engine is actuated if a failure either of the first or of the second pedal position sensor is detected. An actuation signal for at least one actuator of the internal combustion engine is derived in the emergency running mode from the accelerator pedal position sensed by the fault-free pedal position sensor. A setpoint value for the torque is determined at a shaft of the drive train as a function of the position of the accelerator pedal.
A pertinent method for controlling an internal combustion engine is described in German published, non-prosecuted patent application DE 44 06 088 A1. The internal combustion engine is associated with two pedal position sensors, which each sense the position of an accelerator pedal. If a failure of one of the two pedal position sensors is detected, a control unit calculates an opening setpoint for the throttle valve from the accelerator pedal position sensed by the fault-free pedal position sensor. However, there exists a serious risk with the prior art method and device that the internal combustion engine is placed into uncontrolled acceleration mode if the second accelerator position sensor also fails.

Method for controlling an internal combustion engine


The present invention provides a method for random access executed at user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving configuration information from a base station, the configuration information indicating an anchor carrier and/or one or a plurality of non-anchor carriers supporting a random access; selecting a carrier from the anchor carrier and/or the one or plurality of non-anchor carriers supporting a random access as a random access carrier according to the configuration information; and performing a random access by using the random access carrier. The present invention further provides a method for a random access executed at a base station, corresponding UE, and a corresponding base station.

With the extensive application of the Internet of Things and its terminal devices, it becomes crucial to address the matter of designing a wireless network technology adapted for the communication of the Internet of Things. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is currently developing a new access system for the purpose of designing a wireless access technology with low complicity and low throughput to meet the needs of the wireless Internet of Things, referred to as the Narrowband-Internet of Things (NB-IoT), aiming to design a wireless access technology with low complicity and low throughput to meet the needs of the wireless Internet of Things. The features of this access technology include: supporting large-scale devices with low throughput, low latency sensitivity, ultra-low device cost, ultra-low power consumption, and optimized network architecture.
In NB-IoT, such UE with low throughout, ultra-low device cost, and low power consumption supports only 180 kHz network bandwidth, i.e., a physical resource block in long term evolution (LTE), referred to as a carrier (or referred to as a cell); and the UE needs to support three deployment modes: a stand-alone deployment mode, a guard-band deployment mode, and an in-band deployment mode. The stand-alone mode of operation is to implement NB-IoT on the existing GSM frequency band, i.e., using the operating frequency band of an existing GERAN system and a scattering frequency band potentially deployed by the IoT. The guard-band mode of operation is to implement NB-IoT in the guard band of one LTE carrier, i.e., using a frequency band in the LTE frequency band that is used as the guard band. The in-band mode of operation is to implement NB-IoT in the existing LTE frequency band, i.e., using the frequency band in the LTE frequency band for actual transmission. Different bearer modes may adopt different physical parameters and processing mechanisms.
In Release 13, carriers of NB-IoT are divided into anchor carriers and non-anchor carriers. An anchor carrier is defined as a carrier where UE assumes that NB-IoT related data, such as a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), a primary synchronization signal (PSS)/secondary synchronization signal (SSS), or a system information block (SIB), is to be transmitted; and a non-anchor carrier is defined as a carrier where UE does not assumes that NB-IoT related data, such as a PBCH, a PSS, an SSS, or an SIB, is to be transmitted. That is, UE determines that the non-anchor carrier is only used to receive or send NB-IoT related unicast transmitted data, such as a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). When an eNB does not configure a non-anchor carrier for the UE, the anchor carrier may also be used by the UE to receive or send NB-IoT related unicast transmitted data, such as a PDCCH, a PDSCH, or a PUSCH. The eNB may configure a non-anchor carrier for the UE by using a radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment message, an RRC connection reestablishment message, an RRC connection reconfiguration message, an RRC connection recovery message, and the like.
In Release 13 NB-IoT, UE performs a random access process on only an anchor carrier. After a base station (eNB) configures a non-anchor carrier for UE, the UE will operate on the non-anchor carrier in an RRC connection process, until the UE needs to execute a random access or is reassigned with another non-anchor carrier. When the UE operating on the non-anchor carrier needs to execute a random access, the UE will return again to an anchor carrier to execute the random access.
3GPP RAN #72 meeting has approved a new Release 14 NB-IoT project to enhance the NB-IoT of Release 13, including support a random accesses on non-anchor carriers. However, no solution is provided in the prior art on how to support random accesses on non-anchor carriers.

Method for execution of random access, user equipment, and base station


This invention is directed to an electrical connector, particularly a ballast connector for use with fluorescent light fixtures. The connector, offering a means for readily and reliably inserting and extracting discrete wires individually or collectively thereto, comprises. (a) a dielectric housing having a plurality of cavities therein extending between a contact loading face and a conductor receiving face, where the conductor receiving face includes an aligned row of conductor openings of a like plurality, and at least one additional opening spaced therefrom in communication with at least one of the cavities, and PA0 (b) a stamped electrical contact within each cavity, said contact including a base having a pair of spaced apart arms upstanding therefrom, where the space therebetween is aligned with a corresponding conductor opening and is adapted to receive an electrical conductor therein, said one arm including an appendage therefrom, where said appendage is exposed to said additional opening, whereby an extraction/insertion tool may be inserted into said additional opening to laterally flex the one arm or plural arms to provide a free path for the electrical conductor so as to remove or insert the electrical conductor or conductors between the respective pairs of arms.

This invention is directed to an electrical connector, particularly an electrical ballast connector of the type for use with fluorescent light fixtures, where there is a need to readily and reliably insert or extract electrical conductors therefrom.
Fluorescent electrical ballasts are used in areas where fluorescent lighting is present, and are typically located Within or behind the fluorescent light fixture. Typically, the electrical ballast comprises a long rectangular metal box or "can" with the electrical components mounted inside. A sealer or "potting compound" is then poured into the can which hardens to seal the electrical components within the can. Also typical is to have several discrete wires projecting through the potting material for electrical interconnection thereto. Typically the fluorescent fixture includes complementary discrete wires for interconnection to the discrete wires of the ballast.
The industry which manufactures electrical ballasts has recently begun mounting the components on printed circuit boards to eliminate the discrete wiring within the ballasts. The interior of the ballast is again potted to seal the components within the ballast housing. However, discrete wires still project through the potting for interconnection to the respective discrete wires of the wiring from the lighting fixtures. One such manufacturer has included an electrical connector at the end of the discrete wires for interconnection thereto by a mating electrical connector. The disadvantage to having an electrical connector at the end of the discrete wires is that typically the fluorescent fixtures are not sold with a mating electrical connector. Therefore, the manufacturer of the ballast has to include both connector halves which increases the cost of the electrical ballast. Furthermore, the installer of the ballast must not only replace the ballast but must also terminate the discrete wires of the lighting to the mating half of the electrical connector. When replacing the ballast, the user of the electrical light fixture must buy a ballast which also carries an electrical connector which is matable with the electrical connector of the first ballast installed. Otherwise, the electrical connector on the lighting fixture must also be replaced when the ballast is replaced.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,729,740 represents an improvement to the prior art attempts to achieve a risk free ballast connector and the foregoing problems associated with wiring same. The connector thereof includes a housing for receiving stripped conductors and a terminal mounted therein, where the terminal comprises a flat blade portion having a resilient, angled contact portion extending from one end thereof. The angled contact portion is directed away from the conductor receiving face of the housing so that as the stripped conductor is inserted into the housing the angled contact portion is. biased upward but remains in electrical contact with the terminal. Unfortunately, the design of such connector offers no reliable means by which to extract the conductors from the housing. The present invention provides an easy and reliable means to load the conductors, and to extract same from the connector housing.
The advantages hereof will become apparent in the description which follows, particularly when read in conjunction with the drawings which follow.


A compact quench box design for a multi-bed, mixed-phase cocurrent downflow fixed-bed reactor has a quench pipe manifold and nozzle assembly, a collection tray, a mixing chamber, and a single final distributor tray. The quench pipe manifold and nozzle assembly is an annular ring pipe having nozzles arising therefrom. The mixing chamber is an annular compartment depending from the collection tray above having a partition pan, forming a partition weir at its inside diameter for liquid to flow, and a bottom section pan, which forms a vapor outlet weir at its inside diameter for vapor flow onto the final distributor tray below. This design reduces the number of manway required for the quench box.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a compact quench box design for multi-bed, mixed-phase, cocurrent downflow fixed-bed reactor.
2. General Background
Reactors used for hydroprocessing of petroleum streams often require multi-bed design. Multi-bed mixed-phase cocurrent downflow fixed bed reactors are commonly used in the refining industry for hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodewaxing, aromatic saturation, hydrocracking, and hydroisomerization dewaxing reactions. Similarly, exothermic reactions, such as two-phase exothermic chemical reactions, in chemical plant reactors may also require a multi-bed design.
In such multi-bed reactors, a catalyst is provided in a series of two or more vertically spaced beds. The material being treated is introduced at the top of the reactor so it flows downwardly through the beds during treatment. Reaction components may be added at the top of the reactor with the material to be treated and additional reaction components may be added between beds.
As the material being treated moves downwardly from bed to bed, it may be desirable to redistribute liquid components over a bed for more even treatment in each bed, and/or, with exothermic reactions, to cool the reactants between each bed. Quench boxes are commonly used between beds for these purposes. The requirement for a quench box may be driven either by the need for liquid redistribution for improving the contact efficiency between reactants and catalyst or for improving temperature control in the reactor due to the exothermic reactions in the catalytic bed.
Redistribution of Liquid: The desire to design hydroprocessing reactors at reduced pressure drop, which saves capital investment by reducing the size of the recycle compressor, allows the liquid to trickle over the catalyst surface over the cross sectional area of the reactor by gravitational flow. Consequently, liquid tends to flow gradually in non-homogeneous fashion at about ten to fifteen feet down from the distributor. Chou in I&EC Process Design & Development vol, 23, p. 501 (1984) stated that "Since liquid trickles over the catalyst's external surface under gravity, liquid will eventually reach its equilibrium distribution between the wall liquid and the liquid trickling over the catalyst surface. Consequently, a uniform liquid distribution attained near the top of the packed bed does not guarantee a uniform liquid distribution a few feet down the bed." Non-uniform flow of liquid in a catalytic bed affects the efficiency of the catalyst utilization. Therefore, it is common practice in the industry to limit the bed height and to provide flow redistribution quench boxes at a pre-determined maximum bed height for improving catalyst utilization.
Temperature Control: Hydroprocessing reactors or any chemical plant reactors involving highly exothermic reactions, (e.g., olefin saturation, aromatic saturation, hydrodesulfurization, hydrocracking, or hydrodenitrogenation reactions) may require multiple beds for the temperature control, for product quality control, (e.g., color body for diesel product), or for extending the catalyst cycle life. Generally, a stream at a lower temperature, (i.e., quench gas or quench liquid) is used to adjust the temperature in the quench box. Intimate mixing between the quench stream and the hot vapor-liquid reaction two-phase fluid stream (hereinafter, "hot reaction two-phase fluid stream") coming from the bed above at a higher temperature is critical for providing an improved performance in the catalytic bed located below the quench box.
The commonly used quench gas is normally supplied from the discharge side of the recycle compressor located in the process unit. Quench gas injection into the quench box serves several important roles. The quench gas is used to adjust the reactor temperature at the optimal conditions. The quench gas, if hydrogen, supplements the hydrogen depleted from the exothermic reactions in the bed above the quench box. Quench gas addition in the quench box also ensures proper vapor/liquid phase partition in the bed below the quench box to ensure optimal operating conditions.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in announcing its new sulfur content rule of Dec. 21, 2000, stated that "To ensure cleaner-running trucks and buses, today's action also requires that sulfur in diesel fuel be reduced by 97 percent." This new EPA rule sets the sulfur standard in the diesel fuel for on-road vehicles at 15 ppm effective June 2006 as opposed to the present standard of 500 ppm sulfur in diesel fuel. This EPA regulation for the diesel fuel sulfur content provides impetus for the refining industry to search for means to satisfy the requirement of reduced sulfur in diesel fuel while minimizing capital investment. Process revamp (i.e., for a process unit having an existing reactor) to increase the catalyst volume by adding a new multi-bed fixed bed reactor, coupled with the loading of the most advanced high activity catalysts, seems to satisfy the requirement with minimal cost. Consequently, the compact quench box design for the multi-bed, mixed-phase cocurrent downflow fixed-bed reactor allows the refining industry to satisfy this new EPA rule with reduced capital investment for a process revamp or grassroots design (i.e., a new process unit having a new reactor design).
Although voluminous disclosure of quench box design is available in the patent literature, there are still needs to developed a compact quench box design to promote the required intimate mixing between the quench stream and the hot reaction two-phase fluid stream while reducing capital investment or unit down time during turnaround (i.e., catalyst changeout). The savings on reactor height can be used to load an incremental catalyst volume to improve the performance of the reactor or to reduce the total weight or the capital investment of the reactor.
3. Discussion of the Prior Art
Hanson, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,541,000, discloses the use of two trays below the mixing chamber for effecting the distribution of vapor and liquid onto the bed below the quench box. Quench gas is introduced below the mixing chamber which reduces the extent of thermal equilibrium achievable for contacting the quench gas with the hot reaction two-phase fluid stream at a low vapor-liquid interfacial surface area. The void space (hereinafter, "voids") between the catalyst support beams is not utilized for quench gas and the hot vapor-liquid reaction two-phase fluid stream contact.
Smith, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,824,081, discloses a quench box with mixing device followed by a distributor assembly consisting of one perforated tray and one distributor tray with v-notch downcomers to provide the uniformity of fluid flow onto the bed below. The disclosed design requires excessive reactor height to achieve the required mixing and redistribution. No attempt was made to reduce the quench box height. The redistribution assembly requires two trays to accomplish the desired redistribution of liquid.
Alcock, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,977,834, discloses the significance of utilizing the voids between the catalyst support beams for a compact quench box design. While the effective use of the voids between the catalyst support beams for quench gas distribution is novel, the quench gas distribution device disclosed in the patent utilizes a grid to introduce quench gas through perforated pipes. This is an ineffective means for achieving thermal equilibrium between the lower temperature quench stream and the hot reaction two-phase fluid stream when compared to controlled injection of the quench gas. The design according to the disclosed patent does not provide an effective sweeping action of the quench gas onto the hot reaction two-phase fluid stream at a higher temperature. A plurality (from two to ten) of "quench boxes" are used in the disclosed patent, but which will not provide uniformity of temperature distribution from different "quench boxes".
Frohnert, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,792,229, discloses the use of a conical collecting plate and a static mixer to achieve desirable mixing. Commercial installation using a design similar to the disclosed patent shows that the use of static mixer requires excessive quench box height to attain desirable mixing. Use of the conical collecting plate also requires greater reactor height than use of a flat collection tray design. Overall, the quench box of the disclosed design requires much greater reactor height than any conventional quench box design equipped with a flat collection tray.
Aly, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,836,989, discloses a quench box design similar to that of Hanson in view of the quench box features. However, the disclosed patent has revised the distributor assembly and the quench gas distributor location from those of Hanson. The distributor assembly consists of two trays, a flash pan tray and a final distributor tray. The flash pan tray has perforated plates with liquid passageways and downcomers for vapor passageways. The final distributor has downcomer pipes for effecting the uniformity of fluid distribution onto the bed below the quench box. The quench gas is distributed above the mixing chamber device. The disclosed quench gas distributor requires a bend upward (or could be downward) for the quench gas pipe at the centerline of the reactor. This requires additional reactor height to accommodate the quench gas distributor assembly. The disclosed design does not provide for a compact quench box design in view of the requirement for the bend of the quench pipe at the centerline of the reactor and the two-tray assembly for the distributor system.
Nelson, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,989,502, also discloses a quench box design similar to that of Hanson in view of the quench box features. The mixing chamber outlet weir is called an "orifice" in this patent, indicating the intent for the mixing chamber outlet to provide further two-phase interactions. Since vapor and liquid tend to segregate in the mixing chamber, the intended orifice weir outlet design serves little function to promote the interactions between the vapor and liquid phases. This design and the prior art disclosed in Hanson and Aly create an orifice weir outlet for the mixing chamber; this requires an additional manway on the bottom pan of the mixing chamber. The unit turnaround time is extended resulting from the orifice weir outlet design using the disclosed patent and other prior art design.
Grott, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,837,208 discloses the quench box design similar to that of Aly and Hanson. The main feature of the design as claimed in the patent is a compact quench box design by providing a rough liquid distributor in additional to the final distributor. In view of the accomplishment with the improved design for the rough liquid distributor, the total saving on the quench box height is still quite limited. Underneath the mixing chamber, the disclosed patent design still requires two distributor trays to provide the flow distribution unto the catalytic bed below the quench box.
Boyd, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,935,413 discloses a modified version of Aly and Hanson. Separate mixing chambers are designed for the vapor and liquid phases. After segregation for the two phases and vigorous mixing for the separated phases, the two streams are mixed in the form of thin sheet of liquid impinged by the cooled vapor stream (quench gas is in contact with the vapor phase only in the vapor phase mixing chamber). The drawback of the design based on this patent is its limited thermal equilibrium achievable. The thin sheet of liquid at the outlet of the liquid phase mixing chamber provides very limited interfacial surface area for the heat transfer between the hot liquid and cooled vapor phases. Therefore, the design based on this patent disclosure may not achieve the desirable thermal equilibrium. Two trays underneath the mixing chambers are also required for the fluid redistribution onto the catalytic bed below the quench box.
Rossetti, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,152,967, discloses the use of a quench gas pipe that terminates in a centrally located ring sparger that has a plurality of openings. The quench gas distributor is located between the mixing device and the catalyst support mechanisms. The effectiveness of the quench gas to sweep the hot vapor-liquid reaction two-phase fluid stream is limited with this design due to its non-optimal sweeping velocity as a result of the inherent nature of the ring sparger design. The quench mixing device and the distributor assembly in the disclosed design consist of four trays, which require excessive reactor height to accommodate.
The design for the final distributor can take various forms to provide uniform flow of liquid over the catalytic bed below the quench box. Grosboll, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,126,540, discloses a downcomer with a side orifice design for the final distributor. Ballard, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,218,249, discloses the use of bubble-cap for the final distributor. Jensen, U.S. Pat. No. 4,140,625, discloses the use of venturi-shaped eductor for distributing liquid over the catalytic bed. Effron, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,524,731, discloses the use of truncated triangular cutout for the top slots on the downcomer to provide a uniform flow of liquid with varying rate for unit throughput. Smith, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,824,081, discloses the use of v-notch downcomer for the final distributor design for achieving uniform flow of liquid onto the catalytic bed. Scott, U.S. Pat. No. 4,235,847, discloses the design of the final distributor for effecting froth flow conditions on the distributor tray. Koros, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,403,561, discloses the use of a spray generating device for producing a conical downward spray of mixed phase onto the catalyst bed. The aforementioned types of final distributor designs can be incorporated in this quench box design without sacrificing the significance for a compact quench box design.

Quench box for a multi-bed, mixed-phase cocurrent downflow fixed-bed reactor


A chamber-cleaning gas and an etching gas used for a silicon-containing film according to the present invention comprise a perfluoro cyclic ether having 2 to 4 carbon atoms which are ether-linked with carbon atoms. The chamber-cleaning gas and the etching gas hardly generate a harmful waste gas, such as CF4, which is one of the causes for global warming so that they are good for environment. Further, they are a non-toxic gas or a volatile liquid, and are easy to use and are excellent in treatment of waste gas. Additionally, the chamber-cleaning gas of the present invention has an excellent cleaning rate.

Various thin films and thick films have been conventionally formed by a CVD method, etc. in production processes for thin film devices in semiconductor productions, etc. In forming such thin films for semiconductors, a thin film material unfavorably attaches to parts other than a target for forming films, said parts being the inner wall of a reactor, jigs for supporting the target, pipes and the like. Such a deposit induces contamination of fine particles into semiconductor products. As a result, it is difficult to produce a high quality thin film, and the contamination occasionally brings about lowering in the yield of products. Therefore, it is necessary to remove such a deposit at any time. Usually, the deposit has been removed with hands, cleaning gases and the like.
In semiconductors, etc., thin film materials have been partly removed by the use of gas etching in order to form circuit patterns of the various thin film materials for constituting semiconductor circuits.
The basic properties required for these gases are a high cleaning rate for the cleaning gas and a high etching rate to a target and high selectivity for the etching gas. Additionally, both of the gases, from which harmful gases for environment are not generated preferably, are desired to have a low load for global environment.
Conventionally, in the step of producing semiconductor devices, large amounts of fluorine gases, such as CF4, C2F6, SF6 and NF3, have been used as a gas for cleaning such deposits or as a gas for etching thin films.
These fluorine gases, however, are stable compounds having long atmospheric lifetime. The fluorine gases have a problem in that after cleaning or etching, it is difficult to treat un-decomposed gases and the cost for the treatment is high. The fluorine gases, further, have a very higher global warming potential (100-year integrated global warming potential) as compared with CO2. For example, the global warming potential of CF4 is 5,700 times, that of C2F6 is 11,900 times, that of SF6 is 22,200 times and that of NF3 is 10,800 times higher than that of CO2, so that they have a fear of adverse impacts on the environment. Consequently, the development of alternative gases having a low global warming potential and excellent capability of cleaning off a deposit containing silicon in semiconductors, or excellent capability of etching a film containing silicon has been desired.
Further, even if the gases used have themselves no much influence on the environment, by decomposing these gases after cleaning or etching, gases having a long atmospheric life, such as CF4, which are harmful to the environment, may be generated. Therefore, the development of alternative gases which have no harmful influence on the environment even after the decomposition has been desired.

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology


A combination bag and napkin suitable for carrying meals and food items and convertible to a napkin for use while eating. The invention includes a pressure sensitive non-drying adhesive section which allows the napkin to be temporarily attached to one's clothing or dining surface while eating. The invention also uses the pressure sensitive non-drying adhesive to maintain the bag configuration. The bag converts to a napkin without the need for perforations or tear lines by detaching the adhesive and unfolding the bag. A specific fold pattern allows the napkin to be formed into a bag without wasted material or tearing of the bag.

This invention relates to food carrying bags. More particularly, the invention relates to paper bags which are used for carrying meals or food items and the need for a napkin while consuming the food.
Paper bags customarily have been constructed of a single sheet of paper which is folded to form an elongated rectangular bag. The seams are glued to form the bag's bottom and one of the faces of the bag. Paper bags of this type include folds and pleats which allow the empty bag to collapse flat for storage. When the bag is being filled, the folds allow the bag to stand upright on its bottom for easy access to the open top end of the bag. Bags of this type are commonly used in the fast food industry for take out or carry out food orders. In addition, so called "brown bag" lunch sacks use this type of construction.
With a bag of the type described, a napkin is often not included when the bag is filled. Furthermore, when a bag of this type is to be used the meal will frequently be eaten at an inconvenient location. Many take out orders are eaten while simultaneously driving or riding in an automobile and common paper napkins are too small to protect one's clothing. Similarly, many "brown bag" lunches are consumed out of doors away from the amenities of the restaurant or dining room. Therefore, one is forced to consume the meal without the benefit of a napkin, oftentimes resulting in a very messy drip or stain on one's clothing or car upholstery. Likewise, without the benefit of a napkin, one is unable to wipe their face and hands after or during the meal.
Furthermore, even if a napkin is included in the bag, the napkin is inadequate to protect one while eating. The napkin is either too small or not adapted to protecting one's clothing. Nevertheless, the diner tries to awkwardly stuff and tuck a napkin in a shirt or collar for protection from messy drips. Alternatively, paper bags known in the art are emptied and cumbersomely torn and ripped apart in an attempt to adapt it for use as a napkin, bib, or place mat. Even if known paper bags can be torn and adapted for such a use, the diner can no longer use the bag for a ready trash receptacle once the meal is finished.


A single chronic implantable cardiac lead for use in the coronary sinus region of the heart provides both atrial and ventricular pacing and defibrillation therapy. The lead includes an elongated lead body having a distal end and a proximal end, a first electrode assembly including a ventricular pacing electrode and a ventricular defibrillation at the distal end, a second electrode assembly proximal to the first electrode assembly including at least one atrial pacing electrode and an atrial defibrillation electrode, and a further defibrillation electrode proximal to the second electrode assembly. The electrode assemblies and further defibrillation electrode are spaced apart so that when the lead is implanted within the coronary sinus region of the heart with the first electrode assembly adjacent the left ventricle, the second electrode assembly is adjacent the left atrium and the further defibrillation electrode is within the right atrium and/or the superior vena cava.

The present invention generally relates to an implantable cardiac lead for use with an implantable cardiac stimulation device. The present invention more particularly relates to such a lead adapted for use in the coronary sinus region of a heart and which includes all necessary electrodes for both defibrillation and pacing.
Implantable cardiac stimulation devices are well known in the art. Such devices may include, for example, implantable cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators. The devices are generally implanted in a pectoral region of the chest beneath the skin of a patient within what is known as a subcutaneous pocket. The implantable devices generally function in association with one or more electrode carrying leads which are implanted within the heart. The electrodes are usually positioned within the right side of the heart, either within the right ventricle or right atrium, or both, for making electrical contact with their respective heart chamber. Conductors within the leads couple the electrodes to the device to enable the device to sense cardiac electrical activity and deliver the desired therapy.
Traditionally, therapy delivery had been limited to the venous, or right side of the heart. The reason for this is that implanted electrodes can cause blood clot formation in some patients. If a blood clot were released arterially from the heart left side, as for example the left ventricle, it could pass directly to the brain potentially resulting in a paralyzing or fatal stroke. However, a blood clot released from the right heart, as from the right ventricle, would pass into the lungs where the filtering action of the lungs would prevent a fatal or debilitating embolism in the brain.
Recently, new lead structures and methods have been proposed and even practiced for delivering cardiac rhythm management therapy to the left heart. These lead structures and methods avoid direct electrode placement within the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart by lead implantation within the coronary sinus region of the heart. As used herein, the phrase xe2x80x9ccoronary sinus regionxe2x80x9d refers to the venous vasculature of the left ventricle, including any portions of the coronary sinus, great cardiac vein, left marginal vein, left posterior ventricular vein, middle cardiac vein, and/or small cardiac vein or any other cardiac vein accessible by the coronary sinus.
It has been demonstrated that electrodes placed in the coronary sinus region of the heart may be used for left atrial pacing, left ventricular pacing, and cardioversion and defibrillation. These advancements enable implantable cardiac stimulation devices to address the needs of a patient population with left ventricular dysfunction and/or congestive heart failure which would benefit from left heart side pacing, either alone or in conjunction with right heart side pacing (bi-chamber pacing), and/or defibrillation.
Cardiac leads intended for use in providing both cardiac pacing and defibrillation in the left heart via the coronary sinus region are difficult to position due to the tortuous venous routes of the human anatomy. Moreover, to provide both pacing and defibrillation of both the left atrium and the left ventricle from the coronary sinus region with multiple leads employing the appropriate types of electrodes is extremely difficult given the space constraints to accommodate multiple leads in the coronary sinus region. Hence, such implants are too cumbersome, difficult, and time consuming to perform and would likely result in compromised performance or system malfunction.
The present invention provides a single cardiac lead for implant in the cardiac sinus region of the heart. The lead includes all of the electrodes necessary for atrial pacing and defibrillation and ventricle pacing and defibrillation from the coronary sinus region. As a result, with the lead of the present invention, the implanter seeking such combined functionality need only implant a single lead.
In accordance with the present invention, the lead includes an elongated lead body having a distal end and a proximal end. A first electrode assembly including at least one pacing electrode and a defibrillation electrode is positioned at the distal end of the lead body. A second electrode assembly including at least one pacing electrode and a defibrillation electrode is positioned on the lead body proximal to the first electrode assembly. A further defibrillation electrode is positioned on the lead body proximal to the second electrode assembly. The first and second electrode assemblies and the further defibrillation electrode are spaced apart so that when the lead is implanted in the coronary sinus region of the heart with the first electrode assembly adjacent the left ventricle, the second electrode assembly is adjacent the left atrium and the further defibrillation electrode is within the right atrium and/or superior vena cava of the heart. The at least one pacing electrode of the first electrode assembly may be used to pace the left ventricle. The at least one pacing electrode of the second electrode assembly may be used for atrial pacing. The defibrillation electrode of the first electrode assembly together with the further defibrillation electrode may be used for ventricular defibrillation and the defibrillation electrode of the second electrode assembly together with the further defibrillation electrode may be used for atrial defibrillation.
The lead may further include a plurality of terminals and conductors for connecting the electrodes to an implantable cardiac stimulation device.
Further, the present invention provides a method of making the lead.

Implantable cardiac single pass coronary sinus lead for providing pacing and defibrillation and method of manufacture


New host-protective molecules containing conjugated triene and diene double bonds with each carrying a 13-carbon position alcohol and were derived from n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5) were produced in neutrophil-endothelial co-cultures, and they are present in human and mouse tissues after sterile inflammation or infection. These compounds, termed 13-series resolvins (RvT), demonstrated potent protective actions increasing mice survival during Escherichia coli infections. Their biosynthesis during neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions was initiated by endothelial cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and increased by atorvastatin via S-nitrosylation of COX-2. Atorvastatin and RvT were additive in E. coli infections in mice where they accelerated resolution of inflammation and increased survival >60%. Results documented novel host protective molecules in bacterial infections, namely RvT, derived from n-3 DPA via transcellular biosynthesis and increased by atorvastatin. RvT also regulated human and mouse phagocyte responses stimulating bacterial phagocytosis and regulating inflammasome components to regulate key innate protective responses in the resolution of infectious-inflammation.

Infections are a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with bacterial infections, including those caused by Escherichia coli, posing an urgent health concern1,2. The prevalent approach for treating bacterial infections is administration of antibiotics, but with the rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, there is a pressing need for new treatment strategies1,2. In response to infection, the host mounts inflammatory responses that when self-resolving are protective3-5. We previously characterized potent endogenous anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators namely resolvins, protectins and maresins known as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM)4. These are biosynthesized from n-3 essential fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)4. Docosapentaenoic acid (n-3, DPA), the intermediate in DHA biosynthesis from EPA, accumulates in individuals6 with single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding for fatty acid elongase-2 and is also the precursor for three new SPM families7.
During the resolution phase of a self-resolving acute inflammation, SPM are produced locally and exert protective actions on leukocytes stimulating clearance of apoptotic cells, debris and bacteria as well as promote tissue regeneration4,8. Signals produced in the early phase of infectious-inflammation can determine the amplitude and duration of the inflammatory response9. Hence, novel mediators that may be produced during early phases of self-resolving infections to fine-tune the initial response and promote resolution are of general interest.
Therefore, a need exists to identify mediators produced during the early phases of self-resolving infections, to characterize such mediators in both their structural formulae and their bioactive effects.

Elucidation of novel 13-series resolvins that increase with atorvastatin and clear infections


A diaphragm valve (1) having a diaphragm (3) that is clamped between two housing parts (9, 10), and wherein by way of the diaphragm (3), a valve seat (6) can be opened and closed. At least one clamping region (23) is formed radially outside of a clamping region (8), which clamping region (23) protrudes from the clamping region (8), and on the end face of which a sealing surface (11, 12) is formed.

The invention relates to a diaphragm valve having a housing and a diaphragm which is arranged within the housing and the central region of which can be moved to and fro in order to close and/or open a valve seat, the diaphragm being clamped in by way of a clamping region between two housing parts, the diaphragm having at least one sealing face.
Here, the clamping region can movably support a valve body, by way of which the valve seat can be closed and opened.
A diaphragm valve of this type is known, for example, from DE 10 2010 060 085 A1 and DE 20 2010 018 358 U1, the diaphragm having sealing faces which are oriented substantially in a direction parallel to the clamping direction. The sealing faces are therefore oriented radially in relation to a longitudinal axis of the diaphragm valve.


A vehicle control system enables the passableness of a vehicle through an upcoming section of road to be properly decided, by compensating the influences which are exerted upon the passableness decision by the detection errors of the actual position of the vehicle. Assuming that a deceleration is performed by the vehicle driver at a predetermined reference deceleration .beta. from a vehicle speed V.sub.0 at an actual position P.sub.0, the system calculates passable vehicle speeds of a plurality of tentative positions N.sub.k which are set on a road ahead of the actual position P.sub.0. On the basis of the passable vehicle speeds corresponding to the individual tentative positions N.sub.k, a passable zone Z.sub.1, a warning zone Z.sub.2 and an automatic deceleration zone Z.sub.3 are set by the system so that a warning to the driver is performed, if any of nodes N.sub.k+1, - - - , and so on ahead of the tentative position N.sub.k is present in the warning zone Z.sub.2, and the automatic deceleration of the vehicle is performed if any of the nodes are present in the automatic deceleration zone Z.sub.3. In order that the decision error of the passableness, as accompanying the detection error of the actual position P.sub.0, may be compensated, the reference deceleration .beta. is corrected in accordance with the magnitude of the vehicle speed V.sub.0 or the radius of curvature of the road.

1. Technical Field to Which the Invention Belongs
The present invention relates to a vehicle control system for controlling a vehicle on the basis of a road shape ahead of the vehicle, as decided on the basis of map data comprised of a set of coordinate points.
2. Discussion of Relevant Art
According to a previous proposal (i.e., Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-281471) of the Assignee, a passable zone is set on a map on the basis of map data obtained from a navigation system, so that when a curve in the road ahead of the subject vehicle of the driver goes out the passable zone, a warning is issued to urge the driver to decelerate the vehicle, or an automatic braking or the like is actuated to effect an automatic deceleration.
Although the previously proposed system is effective for its intended purpose, more or less errors are present in the map data obtained from the navigation system so that they unavoidably are reflected in the actual position of the vehicle determined on the basis of the map data. As a result, when the vehicle is to be decelerated at a predetermined rate from its actual position to a curve ahead, the estimated passage speed of the vehicle at the curve is dispersed from its optimum value by the errors of the actual position, thereby causing a reduction in the system's accuracy for deciding the passableness of the curve.


The invention recites an exhaust pipe clamp for clamping at least two pipes. The clamp includes a band formed to at least partially surround each of the two pipes, the band defining an internal volume. A reaction block is interconnected with the band and disposed substantially within the internal volume. The exhaust clamp also includes a clamping member operable to reduce the internal volume of the band.

The present invention relates to vehicle exhaust systems, and particularly a clamping mechanism for dual exhaust pipe systems.
Most vehicles include exhaust systems for guiding exhaust gases from a vehicle engine. Such exhaust systems typically include an exhaust pipe for guiding the exhaust gases, and a muffler for reducing noise. The exhaust pipe commonly includes one or more exhaust clamps that support the exhaust pipe and/or muffler relative to the vehicle chassis. Some vehicles include two or more exhaust pipes, with each exhaust pipe typically including an exhaust clamp for supporting the exhaust pipe.
Because the exhaust system of a motorcycle is generally visible, it is important that it, and any clamps, be aesthetically pleasing. To that end, large sweeping curves, chrome plating, and compact fits against the body of the motorcycle are used to increase the visual appeal of the vehicle. These features often require the connection of different pipes with the connecting mechanism often being visible.
In addition to supporting the exhaust pipes, mufflers, and other exhaust components, exhaust clamps can be used to clamp one pipe section to another pipe section. When used in this manner, it is important to achieve an adequate seal between the two pipes.

Harley-Davidson Motor Company Group, Inc.


A system and method for displaying obstacles in a conformal perspective view. The system comprises a display screen for graphical display of data, at least one obstacle data source, one or more graphics processors for receiving obstacle data from the at least one obstacle data source, and for providing input to the display screen. The display screen displays obstacles in a 3-dimensional graphical representation of real space. The display size of the obstacles varies based on the distance to the obstacles. Obstacles located beyond a selected distance are displayed as semi-transparent line objects and obstacles located within the selected distance are displayed as semi-transparent polygons.

It is crucial for operators in various types of crafts, such as an aircraft, lunar lander or submarine, to be aware of the conditions of the space surrounding the craft, i.e. situational awareness. For example, modem aircraft attempt to help improve the operator's situational awareness by providing the operator with information on either a heads-up display (HUD) or a look-down display. A typical display depicts many forms of relevant information, such as navigational data, weather data, terrain data, and radar, as well as other important information regarding the craft itself.
One important aspect of situational awareness is to be aware of obstacles which pose a threat to the craft. This is particularly true for aircraft during take-offs and landings or other low-altitude operations and even more so in low-visibility conditions. Some displays depict information on obstacles in or near the craft's travel path. However, many of these displays create a problem of clutter on the display which interferes with the visibility of other primary information presented on the display. Obstacle data should be presented in such a way that it will provide timely awareness of the height, location and distance of possible threats without distracting from the other primary information on the display.
Another disadvantage of current obstacle displays is that they do not provide the operator with easy access to relational positions and depth perception of the possible threats in the craft's travel path. In order to successfully avoid the obstacles, the operator needs to know where the obstacles are in relation to each other and to the craft. Often times, the operator will have a short response time in which to determine how to best avoid obstacles. Therefore, it is advantageous to reduce the time and effort required by current obstacle displays for the operator to obtain the needed relational position information.
For the reasons stated above, and for other reasons stated below which will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading and understanding the present specification, there is a need in the art for an obstacle display which will improve an operator's easy access to obstacle information regarding distance, height, and relational position of obstacles without distracting from other primary information.

Displaying obstacles in perspective view


Responsive to receiving a probe request at an idle transceiver over a first channel from a Wi-Fi client and a determination that the Wi-Fi client is not currently associated with the access point for service, a second channel being used for client service is identified. A probe response frame is generated including a CSA (channel switch announcement) indicating the second channel and transmitted to the Wi-Fi client causing authentication over the second channel. The Wi-Fi client is then serviced over the at least one non-idle transceiver over the second channel.

WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) devices are eligible to operate in two unlicensed RF bands, 2.4 GHz RF band and the other is 5 GHz RF band. The 2.4 GHz RF band ranges from 2401 MHz through 2495 MHz, with a total 14 different channels will be available for the WLAN devices to operate (channels 1 through 14).
Similarly, 5 GHz RF Band allows WLAN devices to select and operate over huge list of channels which ranges from 5170 MHz through 5330 MHz and 5490 MHz through 5815 MHz. This entire Frequency range is notated as UNII-I (channels 36 through 48), UNII-2 (channels 52 through 64), UNII-2 Extended (Channels 100 through 144) and UNII-3 (Channels 149 through 161). Altogether, over 5 GHz band, WLAN devices have 24 different channels to operate.
Due to the co-existence with other devices like Microwave ovens and Bluetooth devices, 2.4 GHz band has its own challenges like Interference etc. As the usage of WLAN network is growing day by day in different sectors, more number of 5 GHz capable devices are getting emerged in the market as 5 GHz RF band provides more channels to operate. As the count of 5 GHz capable devices are getting increased drastically, even 5 GHz spectrum is getting exhausted to support these huge count of WLAN operations. To overcome this issue, a new standard called Wi-Fi 6E was designed.
More specifically, the Wi-Fi 6E standard specifies that Frequency range from 5710 MHz through 7125 MHz (called 6 GHz spectrum) will also be an unlicensed spectrum, so that IEEE 802.11 capable devices can utilized this frequency range for RF transmissions. 6 GHz RF band was notated as UNII-5 (with 24 channels), UNII-6 (with 5 channels), UNII-7 (with 17 channels), and UNII-8 (with 13 channels). Hence, with 6 GHz RF support total 59 different channels will be available for WLAN devices to operate.
With the availability of this enormous frequency ranges, WLAN Access points will have different channel options to select and operate. For getting served with the WLAN access points, WLAN client devices have to perform RF scanning by a method of sending probes. During this scanning process, WLAN client devices has to tune their radios to each and every channel which are supported over these different RF bands (i.e., 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz). Scanning will to be performed on each and every channel by the WLAN client device in the process of identifying the access points and their capabilities.
To avoid interfering with each other access points will choose their channels to operate by considering there neighboring Access Points operating channels. Hence at any particular vicinity two Access points will not choose the same channel to operate. Also, WLAN client device will perform their initial connectivity scanning in ascending order starting from the base channel available on the selected RF band to the highest available channel. At a vicinity of where client was scanning, if access point was operating at the base channel, WLAN client can get associated with the access point much quickly as the count of channels to perform scan will be lesser.
Consider a case where access point was operating at the highest available channel on an RF band (2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 Ghz). Here, when a WLAN client is trying to establish a connection with the access point, it has to scan the entire frequency range by tuning its radio to each and every available channel and then gets associated at the last available frequency in the RF band were access point was operating. For Example, an access point was operating in UNII-8 of 6 GHz RF band at a particular vicinity. To get served with the access point, WLAN client has to complete its scanning starting from UNII-5, UNII-6, UNII-7 which are around 46 different channels and then at last will scan the UNII-8 frequency range and will get associated. Similarly, even for 5 GHz RF band and 2.4 GHz RF band the same process is applicable.
Problematically, WLAN client devices has to perform scanning on the entire RF range for their initial connection establishment with the access points. WLAN clients has to face delay in initial connection establishment with the Access points by scanning the entire enormous frequency range. Client Connection establishment over RF band's like 6 GHz (Wi-Fi 6E) spectrum which has huge frequency range will be delayed as client has to scan the entire frequency range to identify the appropriate access Point for getting served.
Therefore, what is needed is a robust technique for deploying idle transceivers of MIMO transceiver chains for rapid connection of Wi-Fi clients.

Deploying idle transceivers for rapid connection of Wi-Fi clients


A packaging and dispenser device may include: a receptacle containing a first substance; an application surface secured to the receptacle during application of the first substance; and a closure capsule configured to be removably fixed on the receptacle. The closure capsule may be configured to enable the closure capsule to be fixed on the receptacle. The packaging and dispenser device may also include at least one housing containing a second substance, the housing being suitable for opening from an end of the capsule remote from a part of the closure capsule configured to enable the closure capsule to be fixed on the receptacle, so that the second substance in the housing may be removed.

(i) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to devices for packaging and dispensing at least one substance, and in particular a cosmetic or a care product.
(ii) Description of Related Art
The term "cosmetic" is used herein to mean a cosmetic product as defined in EEC Council Directive 93/35 of Jun. 14, 1993.
French patent application FR-A-2 805 720 discloses packaging and dispenser devices comprising a receptacle containing a substance and an applicator member disposed on the receptacle in such a way as to be fed with the substance contained therein. By way of example the applicator member can be constituted by an open-celled foam through which the substance coming from the receptacle passes and whose surface is used for applying the substance, e.g. on the skin.
Such devices cannot be fully adapted to applying a substance that contains solid bodies of relatively large size, e.g. flakes, since such bodies are liable to be retained within the applicator member and fail to reach the surface used for application purposes.
European patent application EP-A-1 044 625 discloses an applicator assembly comprising a receptacle fitted with an applicator member containing a first substance. That receptacle is fitted with a capsule including a second substance in the form of a solid cake or a powder. The second substance can come into contact with the applicator member when the capsule is fixed on the receptacle.
With such an applicator assembly, it can be difficult for the user to determine the quantity of the second substance that is picked up by the applicator member.
In addition, the second substance contained in the capsule is in contact with ambient air when the capsule is removed, and that can lead to a problem of conservation, particularly when the second substance contains at least one volatile solvent.

Device for packaging and dispensing a substance, in particular a cosmetic


The invention relates to synthetic tetrapeptides that contain a peptide blocking group at the amino terminus and an enzyme inhibitor at the carboxy terminus, and their use in the prevention of schistosome parasite infection.

Schistosomiasis (bilharziasis) is a parasitic disease caused by schistosomes (blood flukes) that generally live in the veins of the gut and liver of a human host. Adult worms can survive up to 20 years, and heavy infestations block blood vessels. The mere presence of even a few adults acts as a focus of inflammation and infection. Worse, female adult worms release thousands of eggs each day, which often find their way to tissues such as liver, brain, and lung, where they cause considerable damage by stimulating the body to form cysts and scar tissue around them.
Most eggs, however, pass through the bladder or wall of the gut. Once outside, they hatch and infect water snails. The parasite multiplies inside the snail, giving rise to thousands of cercariae that exit the snail and swim free in search of a host in which to complete their life cycle. When the cercaria makes contact with skin, it releases a serine protease that dissolves the protein of the skin, affording entry into the body.
The World Health Organization estimates that over 200 million people worldwide suffer from schistosomiasis. Treatments are available, but because the disease is so debilatiting, preventing the disease is preferable to treating it. This is especially true in the case of soldiers and engineers deployed in the tropics who must sometimes work in and around infested waters.
The United States Army has identified a compound that prevents infection by the schistosomiasis parasite. This compound, niclosamide, which was originally developed to kill snails, can be added to lotions, creams and sprays for topical administration, or can be incorporated into soap. See generally, Cherfas, J. 1989. Science 246, 1242-1243.
Despite the availability of niclosamide, there is a need for other anti-penetrant compounds that can inhibit invasion of skin by schistosome larvae. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide anti-penetrant compounds that can inhibit invasion of skin by schistosome larvae. Another object of the invention is to provide synthetic compounds that inhibit the enzyme(s) used by the schistosome larvae to invade skin. It is a further object of the present invention to provide compositions that contain synthetic compounds that inhibit serine protease(s). Such compositions can be applied topically via lotions, creams, sprays or soaps, etc., to inhibit or prevent cercariae from penetrating the skin.

Synthetic tetrapeptides for the prevention of schistosome parasite infection

The Regents of the University of California


A reamer screw having an elongated shank, with a leading end and a trailing end, at opposite ends, and having a self-tapping/cutting threaded portion at the leading end adapted for self-tapping and cutting an opening through a workpiece, and driving securely into a substrate, a torque formation at the trailing end for engagement by a suitable driving tool for the single function insertion of the threaded portion through the workpiece and into the substrate, in a single operation, a smooth shank portion extending between the threaded portion and the trailing end and having a length sufficient to extend through the workpiece, driving in of the threaded portion through the workpiece, releasing the workpiece allowing the threaded portion to be tightened up in the substrate, while the smooth shank portion rotates freely in the workpiece permitting the workpiece to be drawn snugly against the substrate without binding in the workpiece, and reamer formations formed by outwardly extending wing portions of the smooth shank, located between the threaded portion and the trailing end, the reamer formations reaming an enlarged opening in a workpiece, defining a thermal expansion/contraction space between the workpiece and the shank, the wing portions being spaced along the shank from the torque formation a distance greater than the thickness of the workpiece.

Building construction commonly requires the erection of a building framework, which is then covered in, both on the exterior and the interior, with various forms of panelling.
Typically the framework will be of wooden studs, but may also be of steel framing. The same is also true of roof construction in many cases.
Lower cost buildings such as storage buildings, warehouses, some military buildings and in particular, agricultural buildings, are often erected using panelling which is simply screwed directly onto the wooden studs or steel framework with screws. Where the panelling, and the framework of the building, were compatible in terms of thermal expansion and contraction rates, this system worked relatively satisfactorily. Forms of panelling include reinforced fibre glass, vinyl sheet, honeycomb vinyl panelling, and non-combustible fibre cement board to name only a few. In these cases, the thermal expansion and contraction of panelling may vary substantially from the thermal expansion and contraction of the studs. Where this is the case, the panelling, when it is erected on the studs, will look neat and flat, but after one or two seasons of thermal variation (fatigue and/or expansion), the panelling may begin to wrinkle, warp, or stress and some of the fastenings may become loosened, or it may become torn around the fastening.
These factors are regarded as unsatisfactory in the industry, and various efforts have been made in the past to overcome the problem. One system is simply to pre-drill the panelling with holes which are oversized relative to the screws. However, this requires careful location of the screw holes, so that they register with the studs, and it is well known and indeed is common experience that the registering of such pre-drilled holes on using typical on-site labour is, at best, unreliable as there is no guarantee that the fasteners will be placed in the centre of the hole. The holes can be drilled where there are no studs, and this will require a final filling operation, which is costly and time consuming and also unsightly.
Where this system could be carried out accurately however, the oversized holes were found to be adequate to allow for thermal expansion and contraction to take place without damage to the panels, but such cases were rare.
A simpler and more attractive solution is to provide a self-drilling screw which will drill through the panelling, and into the stud, without the requirement for pre-drilling. However, in this case the problems of thermal expansion and contraction have not been solved, and the unsatisfactory results described above will show up in a year or two or as early as one season (winter to spring).
One of the problems facing any solution to this dilemma is that the screw must first enter the panelling and pass through it and secure itself firmly in the stud. Accordingly while the screw threads formed on the body of the screw are of one size, a portion of the screw shank close to the head of the screw must be left unthreaded. If this is not done, then as the screw tightens up it will tend to lift the panelling off the stud, and then it is no longer possible to tighten up the screw.
Another fact particularly applicable in the case of agricultural buildings used for housing livestock, is that the buildings interior must be frequently washed down and disinfected, as each batch of livestock is moved through the building. High pressure hoses and washers are used for this purpose, and the high pressure spray tends to enter around the current fasteners of choice and may damage the panelling.
It is also of importance especially in the housing of livestock, that such fastening heads will have a low profile, so that they will not be liable to scratch the skin of livestock, or cause any other harm.

Reamer screw and building panels erected with reamer screws


The present invention relates to a dryer motor assembly support that limits or eliminates cabinet vibration and noise. The dryer comprises a cabinet comprising a floor having an outside peripheral portion, and a central portion with four openings. The dryer further comprises a motor assembly, having a motor and motor mount comprising a base, spaced above the openings. A support assembly for supporting the motor assembly comprises two parallel spaced apart support portions each spaced below and spanning across the central portion, passing beneath the openings. Each support portion has oppositely disposed end portions secured with the peripheral portion. Each support portion comprises two projections extending therefrom toward the base. Each projection passes through a corresponding one of the openings with clearance to secure the support portion with the base, isolating the motor. The motor and support assembly, and the openings are co-located away from the central portion.

Clothes dryer motor assemblies typically comprise a motor mount having a motor mounted thereto. The motor mount may rest directly on a floor of the dryer cabinet or may rest atop a raised floor portion. In other prior assemblies, the motor is suspended from above by a raised platform.
Clothes dryer motors produce a substantial amount of vibration which may be transmitted to the cabinet floor. This vibration produces noise as the cabinet vibrates. In some cases, the motor vibration may cause the dryer cabinet, or more specifically, the cabinet floor, to resonate. Resonance can generate loud unwanted noise. Vibration and noise are very displeasing to a user of the clothes dryer.
In the past, clothes dryer apparatus have been developed to overcome the problem of motor vibration, resonance, and noise. Some assemblies include a raised floor portion in order to strengthen the structure upon which the motor assembly rests. However, the raised floor portion takes up space inside the dryer cabinet.
Other designs include means of insulating the motor from the cabinet via the placement of rubber insulators between the motor mount and the cabinet. The rubber insulators cushion the motor, thus reducing transmittance of motor vibration. However, these methods may not overcome the problem of resonance. Further, the addition of rubber insulators to the motor assembly takes up space inside the dryer cabinet and requires the use of additional materials to be used for insulation.
Yet another type of apparatus used to reduce vibration and noise created by the motor includes the application of an insulating ring for insulating the motor shaft bearing from the motor mount. Apparatus such as these may not solve the problem of resonance and once again include additional insulating materials, which can increase cost and assembly time. Further, the placement of an insulating ring between the motor shaft bearing and the motor mount requires complicated assembly and thus increases costs associated with time and labour.
As a result of these deficiencies in past practices, it is clear that there is a need for an apparatus that effectively supports the motor assembly without taking up additional space in the cabinet, while reducing noises and vibration.


Chemical vapor deposition processes utilize higher order silanes and germanium precursors as chemical precursors. The processes have high deposition rates yet produce more uniform films, both compositionally and in thickness, than films prepared using conventional chemical precursors. In preferred embodiments, trisilane is employed to deposit SiGe-containing films that are useful in the semiconductor industry in various applications such as transistor gate electrodes.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to depositing semiconductor films, such as those containing Si, Ge and/or carbon for integrated circuit fabrication. More particularly, the invention relates to making these materials with greater control of thickness and composition in chemical vapor deposition systems.
2. Description of the Related Art
As the dimensions of microelectronic devices become smaller, the importance of the physical and chemical properties of the materials used in their manufacture becomes more important. This is particularly true for those advanced materials that can be integrated into existing generations of devices using already-proven manufacturing tools. For example, it is desirable to incorporate epitaxial Si1-xGex and Si1-x-yGexCy alloys into Bipolar and BiCMOS device manufacturing processes to improve device efficiency and reliability. These advanced alloy materials have utility, for example, as base layers in heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT), resistors in BiCMOS devices and as gate electrodes in CMOS, NMOS, and DMOS devices and various other integrated electronic devices.
Conventional processes for the deposition of single crystal, amorphous and/or polycrystalline silicon, silicon germanium (SiGe) and silicon germanium carbon (SiGeC) alloys are typically performed using batch thermal processes (either low pressure (LP) or ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions) or single wafer processes. Single wafer processes are becoming increasingly significant, but a number of problems remain. For instance, within-wafer and wafer-to-wafer uniformity, deposition rates, and process repeatability remain a concern with conventional single wafer processes, particularly for in situ doped semiconductor films. As wafers continue to increase in size (currently 300 mm wafers are being integrated into fabrication processes), maintaining uniformity is becoming more challenging still.
Japanese Patent Application Disclosure Number S60-43485 discloses the use of trisilane to make amorphous thin films at 300° C., apparently for photovoltaic applications. Japanese Patent Application Disclosure Number H5-62911 discloses the use of trisilane and germane to make epitaxial thin films at 500° C. or less. Japanese Patent Application Disclosure Number H3-91239, H3-185817, H3-187215 and HO2-155225 each disclose the use of disilane, some also mentioning trisilane.
The art has generally focused on the use of disilane and trisilane for producing amorphous, hydrogenated silicon at relatively low deposition temperatures, particularly for photovoltaic cells. However, there remains a need for a process for depositing semiconductor materials such as doped silicon, low-H content amorphous silicon and SiGe onto surfaces, preferably at high deposition rates without sacrificing good uniformity.

Process for deposition of semiconductor films


Network devices, systems, and methods are provided for packet processing. One network device includes a network chip having a number of network ports for the device. The network chip includes logic to select original data packets, based on a set of criteria, received from or destined to a particular port on the device and to tunnel the selected data packets to a second network device having a different destination address to that of the selected data packets.

Computing networks can include multiple network devices such as routers, switches, hubs, servers, desktop PCs, laptops, and workstations, and peripheral devices, e.g., printers, facsimile devices, and scanners, networked together across a local area network (LAN) and/or wide area network (WAN).
Networks can include an intrusion system (IS), e.g., intrusion prevention system (IPS) and/or intrusion detection system (IDS) that serves to detect unwanted intrusions/activities to the computer network. Unwanted network intrusions/activities may take the form of attacks through computer viruses and/or hackers, misconfigured devices among others, trying to access the network. To this end, an IS can identify different types of suspicious network traffic and network device usage that can not be detected by a conventional firewall. This includes network attacks against vulnerable services, data driven attacks on applications, host based attacks such as privilege escalation, denial of service attacks, port scans, unauthorized logins and access to sensitive files, viruses, Trojan horses, and worms, among others.
In previous approaches, to identify suspicious network traffic, data traffic needs to pass through a point of the network where an IS is located. As used herein, "IS" is used to indicate intrusion system(s), i.e., both the singular and plural. An IS can include an intrusion prevention system (IPS) and/or intrusion detection system (IDS), etc. Previously an IS would have been deployed solely as a standalone in-line device (see, FIG. 2A). More recently, the IS has become a shared resource local, e.g., integral, to a network device, e.g., integral to a switch, router, etc. An IDS may be local to a particular network device (see FIG. 2B), however, all network devices in a network may not have an IDS local to the network device. If the IS is not "in-line", e.g., between one port and another in a network packet's intended path, then suspicious activity may not be detected. For large network systems, placing an IS in-line with initial client and/or server attach points, in an intended packet path, can be both expensive to implement and very complex to maintain.

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


A motorizing system is provided for powering a wheel associated with a suspension of an aircraft, so that the aircraft can be moved around on ground. The motorized system includes a motor unit, a drive member that is structured to be secured to the wheel, and a clutch device that connects an output shaft of the motor unit to the drive member. The motor unit is structured to be secured to a sprung part of a suspension strut. A positive transmission occurs between the motor unit and the drive member.

The concept of motorizing the movement of aircraft on the ground means motorizing the aircraft so that they can move around autonomously but at low speeds, like an aeroplane does before it takes off or after it has landed at airports; this is what is commonly known as "taxiing". It does not therefore here mean motorizing the wheel in order to bring it up to a speed consistent with the landing speed as has already been proposed in the prior art.
A known motorizing system for powering a wheel associated with a suspension, is of the type comprising a motor unit and a drive member secured to the wheel.
However, such a system has a certain sensitivity to shocks, this being especially great and damaging when the speed of travel along the ground of the vehicle carrying the motorizing system is high and this ground is uneven.
Another system for motorizing a wheel associated with a suspension is known and this is of the type comprising a motor unit carried by the sprung part of the suspension strut and a drive member secured to the wheel.
Such a system often has the disadvantage that the motor unit remains lodged in the part covered by the belly of the aeroplane without the possibility of being cooled by the ambient air. In addition, the mechanical transmission to the wheel is often achieved in the form of gearings which go through various changes of angle of the associated shafts, something which is detrimental to the efficiency of the transmission and requires increased accuracy of the attachment points in order to ensure that the gearings mesh correctly.

System for motorizing a wheel connected to a suspension

COMPAGNIE GENERALE DES ETABLISSEMENTS MICHELIN