There is disclosed a liquid ink including a photo acid generating agent that generates an acid upon irradiation with light, a coloring component, and at least one kind of a solvent that is polymerized in the presence of an acid. It is preferable that the amount of the photo acid generating agent contained in the liquid ink falls within a range of between 1 part by weight and 10 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the solvent, the coloring component consists of a pigment, and the solvent contains at least 50 parts by weight of an acid polymerizable compound, the acid polymerizing compound polymerizing in the presence of the acid, having an alicyclic skeleton and/or an aliphatic skeleton having a viscosity of 50 mPa·s or less and a boiling point of 150° C. or more under room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a liquid ink and an ink jet recording apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
A printing machine utilizing a printing plate has been used for the manufacture of a print requiring a reasonably large number of prints such as a local advertisement, materials for distribution within an enterprise, or a large poster. In recent years, an on-demand printing machine, which is capable of dealing with diversified needs and compressing the stock, has come to be used in place of such a conventional printing machine. An electrophotographic printing machine using a toner or a liquid toner or an ink jet printer capable of achieving a high quality printing with a high speed is expected to provide a satisfactory on-demand printing machine.
It is known to the art that a solvent system ink containing a pigment and an organic solvent or a solvent system liquid toner is used in the on-demand printing machine, as in the conventional printing machine using a printing plate. In this technique, however, an organic solvent is evaporated in an amount that cannot be neglected in the case of printing images on a reasonably large amount of paper sheets. As a result, the surrounding atmosphere is contaminated with the evaporated organic solvent, which makes it necessary to arrange an exhaust facility or a solvent recovery mechanism.
Incidentally, in the ink jet printer, the solvent system ink can be handled within a closed system until the ink is spurted onto the surface of the printing paper sheet. As a result, it is possible to suppress the contamination problem of the surrounding atmosphere to some extent by taking suitable exhaust measures. However, the ink used in the ink jet printer differs from that used in the printing machine utilizing a printing plate. To be more specific, it is necessary for the ink used in the ink jet printer to have a fluidity required for the spurting of the ink. Therefore, in the technique described above, it is necessary for the solvent concentration in the ink to be set at a sufficiently high level, with the result that it is essentially difficult for this technique to solve the contamination problem of the surrounding atmosphere caused by from the evaporated organic solvent.
It should also be noted that, in the case of using a solvent system ink, the printing surface of the printing paper sheet, etc., seriously effects the quality of the printed images. For example, the printing surface having a permeability tends to cause the printed images to be blurred, and it is difficult to fix the printed images to the printing surface that is not permeable. Further, a reasonably long time is required for the ink layer formed on the printing surface to be dried. Therefore, in the case of forming a thick image on a large printing surface, the image tends to be collapsed because of the fluidity of the ink. In addition, in the technique using a solvent described above, the printing surface tends to be deteriorated by the drying of the ink layer. It follows that it is not necessarily easy to obtain a high quality print by this technique.
A photosensitive ink and a printer system using the same have come to attract attention as a technique effective for overcoming the problems described above. In this technique, a photosensitive ink spurted onto the printing surface is irradiated with light for achieving a rapid photo-curing (=drying without emissions) of the ink. The photosensitive ink used in this technique typically contains a radical polymerizable monomer, a photopolymerization initiating agent, and a pigment.
According to the technique referred to above, it is possible to permit the ink layer to be rendered incapable of being fluidized by the irradiation with light so as to make it possible to obtain a print having a relatively high quality. However, the ink used in this technique contains a large amount of cancer-causing components such as a radical generating agent. In addition, the volatile acrylic acid derivative used as a radical polymerizable monomer is highly irritating to the skin and is highly odorous. Naturally, it is necessary to handle this ink carefully. Further, the radical polymerization is markedly inhibited by the presence of oxygen in the air. In addition, the pigment contained in the ink absorbs the light irradiating the ink layer, with the result that the dose of the light tends to be rendered insufficient in the deep portion of the ink layer. Under the circumstances, the conventional radical polymerizable ink is low in its sensitivity to light and, thus, a very large light exposure system is required for obtaining a high quality print by this technique.
A photo-cationic curable ink is being proposed as an ink that is less affected by the oxygen in the air. However, the conventional photosensitive ink of this type contains a solvent, which gives rise to the problem in terms of the release of the solvent into the environment. In addition, the ink tends to be easily cured spontaneously and change to be insoluble, giving rise to an additional problem that tends to plug ink-jet nozzle. Also another cationic polymerization type photosensitive composition for the coating of a CD-ROM has been reported, which is capable of being spurted in an ink jet system. The photosensitive composition that was actually found to be capable of being spurted by an ink jet system contained as main components vinyl ether and bisphenol A type epoxy resin that is considered to pose a problem in terms of, for example, a cancer generation. It follows that a serious problem remains unsolved in terms of the release of the photosensitive composition into the environment. Further proposed is an ink for ink jet consisting of cationic polymerization monomers having a specified component monomer ratio. The ink for ink jet also contains as an indispensable component a specified vinyl ether compound having a very high volatility, giving rise to a problem similar to that described above. Also, the ordinary vinyl ether compound, when used in combination with a pigment, gives rise to a problem that the compound is poor in polymerizability.
It is also known to the art to use a solid ink for ink jet in place of the liquid ink referred to above. In this technique, an ink that is a solid at room temperature is fluidized by heating, and the fluidized ink is spurted onto the printing surface of a printing paper sheet. In other words, this technique basically forms a non-solvent system and, thus, the environmental problem is suppressed. Also disclosed is an example in which a photosensitivity is imparted to the solid ink jet ink for fixing the ink layer formed after the spurting of the ink. However, a liquid plugging tends to take place easily in the case of using a pigment that is ordinarily dispersed as a coloring component. Also, it is difficult to uniformly disperse the pigment in the ink. Therefore, in this technique, there are the large problems in dispersing and in stabilizing pigments. Therefore, it is necessary to use a special high-cost micro capsule type pigment, or in usual case, coloring component is limited to a dye which tends to be de-colored with time.
On the other hand, in the ink jet system that is originally constructed such that ink droplets are spurted directly onto a paper sheet forming a printing medium so as to form an ink layer on the paper sheet, the printed image formed by the ink layer is generally blurred or the chromatic sensitivity of the printed image is changed by the printing medium. For overcoming these difficulties, proposed is an ink jet recording apparatus in which a photosensitive ink is once spurted onto a primary printing medium, followed by slightly curing the surface of the ink layer with light so as to cause the ink layer to lose fluidity and subsequently transferring the slightly cured ink layer onto a paper sheet or the like forming a secondary printing medium. In the printer and the ink used for this system, however, a subtle control of the light irradiation amount and the irradiating environment is required for obtaining a semi-set ink layer adapted for the transfer onto the secondary printing medium. In addition, the optimum light exposure amount differs depending on the color. It follows that the ink jet recording apparatus referred to above is not adapted essentially for the printing of a color image.
What should also be noted is that, particularly in the case where the printing surface is formed of an absorbent medium, a serious problem is generated that the conventional acrylic photo-curable ink jet ink is unlikely to be set inside the absorbing paper sheet.
Incidentally, the conventional cationic photo-curable ink jet ink gives rise to the problem that the viscosity of the ink is vigorously changed spontaneously. The problem is derived from the situation that, if an acid is once generated in the ink by the deterioration of the ink with time, the ink is unlikely to be deactivated so as to bring about much dark reactions in the ink. The problem is very serious because, if the viscosity is changed in the ink jet ink, a fatal situation such as a disturbance in the flying shape of the ink, a poor printing reproducibility and, in the worst case, a poor spurting of the ink and the ink plugging in nozzle tends to take place.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


In an electric connector including a conductive shell fitting portion to be fitted to a mating connector, a receiving portion is arranged within the shell fitting portion to receive a load by plying force between the electric connector and the mating connector. It is preferable that a housing is coupled to the shell fitting portion and that a conductive contact is held by the housing. In this case, the receiving portion has a flat shape with its one end coupled to the housing and the other end coupled to the shell fitting portion. The receiving portion may be made of a metal material or a resin material.

This invention relates to an electric connector having a shell to be fitted to a mating connector.
An electric connector having a conductive shell to be fitted to a mating conductive shell of a mating connector is known. Each of these shells is a pressed part formed by press-punching and bending a thin metal plate, and has a cylindrical shell fitting portion. The shell fitting portions are contacted and fitted to each other to be electrically connected (for example, see Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. H09-259981).
When the electric connector is fitted to the mating connector, i.e., when the shell fitting portions are contacted and fitted to each other, it is supposed that strong prying force is applied to the electric connector to expand the shell fitting portion of the electric connector by the principle of the lever. More particularly, since the prying force is received by the shell fitting portions alone, the shell fitting portions may possibly be deformed.

Electric connector having a receiving portion for receiving prying force when the connector is coupled to a mating connector

Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited


A sensor system employing a plurality of nonlinear sensors utilizes a coupling network to interconnect the sensors wherein the coupling network inherently induces oscillations in the sensor system. This approach removes the need to provide bias signal generation either onboard the sensors or via a source external to the sensor.

Certain sensor systems involve nonlinear sensors that utilize a known time-periodic bias signal to excite the sensors to oscillate. A target signal is detected by noting its effect on the sensor's oscillation level-crossing statistics. These sensing techniques are accurately represented via the dynamics of overdamped bistable systems; as such, their solutions (in the absence of any driving signals or noise) are those that decay rapidly to one of the stable steady states of the detector system. Yet, for nonlinear sensors to effectively serve as detectors of target signals, the sensors need to be operated as a device that switches between its stable attractors, thereby enabling one to quantify the target signal via its effect on the sensor switching dynamics. A bias signal that promotes this switching can be provided by a signal generator onboard the sensor system, however this can increase the power budget of the sensor as well as contribute to the sensor's noise floor.

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy


An antenna system is provided including a rapidly expandable-collapsible housing which mounts two sections of fabric material each having an array of antenna elements formed of electrically conductive material such as copper thread embedded in the fabric sections. The fabric sections are movable between the expanded and collapsed positions with the housing and are located in different planes.

Satellite radios employ an antenna to transmit and receive signals, and require high gain to communicate with geosynchronous satellites. A number of antennas have been developed in the past for satellite radios but most are relatively large and bulky, they must be unloaded from a container, backpack or the like and then assembled for use. Conventionally, it takes tens of minutes to deploy a TACSAT antenna, and it is not unusual for a soldier or other operator of a satellite radio to begin using it before the antenna is fully assembled. In many military operations and other situations, time is of the essence and it is highly desirable to substantially reduce the time required to deploy, and more so to stow, the antenna.
As noted above, the stowed size of typical TACSAT antennas is large and bulky. Efforts to reduce the stowed size have typically resulted in decreased gain of the antenna which, in turn, degrades performance of the satellite communications link. Additionally, the smaller the stowed size of the antenna, the higher its cost. It is not unusual for TACSAT antennas to be priced at several thousand dollars per unit, while still suffering from problems of large stowed size and insufficient gain.


The invention provides a deionization system (1000) configured to deionize an aqueous liquid (10), wherein the deionization system (1000) comprises: (a) a recirculation loop (100) comprising a first loop inlet (111), a first loop outlet (121) and a second loop outlet (122); (b) a flow generation apparatus (200), configured to generate flow of the aqueous liquid (10) in the deionization system (1000); (c) an electrosorption cell unit (300) comprising a treatment section (305) for said aqueous liquid (10), wherein the treatment section (305) comprises (a) a first electrosorption electrode arrangement (310) comprising a first electrosorption electrode (311), (b) a second electrosorption electrode arrangement (320) comprising a second electrosorption electrode (321), (c) a first treatment section opening (331) for introduction of the aqueous liquid (10) from the recirculation loop (100), and (d) a second treatment section opening (332) for releasing aqueous liquid (10) into the recirculation loop (100), wherein the treatment section (305) is configured downstream from the first loop inlet (111) and upstream of the second loop outlet (122).

Electrochemical treatments of fluids are known in the art. U.S. Pat. No. 8,562,803, for instance, describes a fluid treatment apparatus for treating a fluid which apparatus comprises an electrochemical cell having fluid orifices to receive and release fluid, and a fluid passageway connecting the orifices with a water-splitting ion exchange membrane which is exposed to the fluid in the passageway. First and second electrodes are positioned about the membrane. The apparatus also comprises a controller to control and operate a power supply and valve system. The power supply supplies a current to the first and second electrodes at sufficiently high current density to result in bacteriostasis, deactivation, or a reduction in the microorganisms in the fluid. The controller can also operate a set of cells to deionize fluid and regenerate the cells.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,346,187 describes an electrically regeneratable battery of electrochemical cells for capacitive deionization (including electrochemical purification) and regeneration of electrodes is operated at alternate polarities during consecutive cycles. By polarizing the cells, ions are removed from the electrolyte and are held in the electric double layers formed at the carbon aerogel surfaces of the electrodes. U.S. Pat. No. 6,346,187 states that as each cell is saturated with the removed ions, each cell is regenerated electrically, thus significantly minimizing secondary wastes.
US 2016/0039688, a family member of WO2014/155660, desires to propose a system to reliably prevent the precipitation of scale during a reclamation step in a deionization treatment. A water reclamation system and a deionization treatment device each comprises a deionization section, a supply section which supplies a scale inhibitor to a water to be treated, and a control section. The control section acquires a supply start time and a supply stop time for at least one of the scale inhibitor and a low ion concentration water based on the concentration of a scale component in the deionization section, and causes the supply section to supply at least one of the scale inhibitor and the low ion concentration water in the interval between the supply start time and the supply stop time. There may be a circulation section which circulates at least one of the concentrated water discharged from the deionization section and the treated water to the supply section

Electrosorption purification system with recirculation


A method of assuring integrity of range measurements and position solutions comprises obtaining range measurement statistics between network nodes, performing a snapshot integrity test for the range measurement statistics, and performing a sequential integrity test using the range measurement statistics. The snapshot integrity test comprises using Gram matrices with a current configuration of the nodes; performing a singular value consistency check using the Gram matrices against a user selected threshold; and detecting and excluding range measurement statistics with instantaneous errors that cause the singular value to exceed the threshold. The sequential integrity test comprises formulating main node and sub-node sets using solution separation; implementing filters for the main node and sub-node sets; performing a consistency check using discriminators and decision thresholds; detecting and excluding range measurement statistics with both instantaneous and time-correlated errors; and computing a protection level for relative positions computed from the main node and sub-node sets.

Commercial and defense communication applications typically use one large, single antenna, at one single location, to accomplish operational tasks. This approach has several limitations. For example, large radio frequency (RF) emissions at a single location make the communication node easy to jam or spoof. Additionally, large RF emissions at a single location make the communication node easy to detect. Moreover, a single communication node has a single point of failure. Also, one large wattage RF communication node has large size, weight, and power (SWaP) requirements; and one large communication node is difficult to transport.
Therefore, a number of commercial and defense applications are moving to using multiple, smaller, low wattage, low SWaP, and mobile nodes to replicate performance of one large antenna node. This approach addresses the above limitations by having low RF emissions at multiple, mobile locations, which are difficult to jam and spoof. In addition, low RF emissions at multiple, mobile locations are difficult to detect, have no single point of failure, have low SWaP requirements, and are easy to transport.
Further, a number of applications are generally moving toward using multiple small vehicles, or swarms, instead of one large vehicle for ground, air, and space applications. All of these communication networks or vehicle swarms require precise relative positioning between communication nodes or vehicles for operational success. Examples of commercial communication networks include 5G and Wi-Fi systems.


An operator compartment protecting device (12) for construction vehicles is located to the rear and above an operator compartment (11) on a vehicle body (10) in order to protect the operator compartment (11). The operator compartment protecting device (12) includes: a gate-shaped support (15) including a pair of vertical members (13), and a connecting horizontal member (14) extending between and fixed by welding to a side surface of an upper end portion of one of the pair of vertical members (13) and a side surface of an upper end portion of the other of said pair of vertical members (13); a pair of beam members (16) each fixed by welding to the front surface of the upper end portion of each of the pair of vertical members (13) in such a manner that they are directed in a forward direction, and a ceiling plate (17) placed over and releasably secured, e.g., by bolts, to an upper surface of each of the pair of beam members (16), an upper surface of each of the pair of vertical members (13), and an upper surface of the connecting horizontal member. It is possible to lift the operator compartment (11) through the opening between the beam members (16) by merely releasing the engagement of the bolts (18).

Construction vehicles, such as a motor grader, are usually operated at uneven sites, and are provided with an operator compartment protecting device in order to protect the operator in the event of falling objects or the vehicle is overturned.
For example, an operator compartment protecting device 4, including a support pole 2 and a ceiling 3, as shown in FIG. 1, is mounted on a vehicle body 1 in order to prevent breakage of an operator compartment 5 which could occur if the vehicle is overturned or hit by a falling object, and such device thereby protects the operator. In such an operator compartment protecting device 4, the support pole 2 is permanently fixed to the ceiling 3 by welding, and the lower portion of the support pole 2 is firmly mounted on the vehicle body 1 by means of bolts. The ceiling 3 protrudes over the operator compartment 5. Thus, when the hydraulic units or the like mounted on the vehicle body 1 below the operator compartment 5 are to be inspected or repaired, the operator compartment 5 cannot be lifted out of the way because of the presence of the operator compartment protecting device 4. The operator compartment protecting device 4 must first be unbolted and moved aside, and then the operator compartment 5 can be lifted up and moved out of the way.
However, the work of removing the operator compartment protecting device 4 is very troublesome and expensive, because the support pole 2 is firmly mounted on the vehicle body 1 by means of the bolts, and loosening of the bolts is difficult, and further because the operator compartment protecting device 4 is very heavy and thus requires lifting gear, such as a crane or a wrecker truck, to remove it. Accordingly, the inspection or repair of the portion of the vehicle body 1 located below the operator compartment 5 is very troublesome and expensive.

Operator compartment protecting device for construction vehicles


The invention relates to the compounds of formula I or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula I, and methods for the treatment of neurological conditions may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of fibromyalgia, depression, neuropathic pain, severe pain, chronic pain, generalized pain, injury, post-operative pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, migraine, HIV related neuropathic pain, post herpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, cancer pain, fibromyalgia and lower back pain.

Pain is a subjective experience, influenced by physical, psychological, social, and spiritual factors. The concept of total pain acknowledges the importance of all these dimensions and that good pain relief is unlikely without attention to each aspect. Pain and diseases such as cancer are not synonymous: at least two thirds of patients experience pain at some time during the course of their illness, and most will need potent analgesics.
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex syndrome characterized by chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain which is often accompanied by multiple other symptoms, including fatigue, sleep disturbances, decreased physical functioning, and dyscognition. Due to these multiple symptoms, as well as high rates of comorbidity with other related disorders, patients with FM often report a reduced quality of life. Although the pathophysiology of FM is not completely understood, patients with FM experience pain differently from the general population, most likely due to dysfunctional pain processing in the central nervous system leading to both hyperalgesia and allodynia.
The reduced serotonin and norepinephrine levels observed in patients with FM suggest that medications which increase the levels of these neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), may have clinically beneficial effects in FM and other chronic pain conditions. Milnacipran is an SNRI that has been approved for the management of FM.
FM is characterized by multiple symptoms that all contribute to the decreased quality of life and ability to function, the milnacipran pivotal trials implemented responder analyses. These utilized a single composite endpoint to identify the proportion of patients who reported simultaneous and clinically significant improvements in pain, global disease status, and physical function.
Neurological conditions such as pain, depression, fibromyalgia, bipolar disorder are a heterogeneous group of diseases of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves that have much different aetiology. Many are hereditary; some are secondary to toxic or metabolic processes. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules or chemical species capable of independent existence. Generation of highly Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is an integral feature of normal cellular function like mitochondrial respiratory chain, phagocytosis and arachidonic acid metabolism. The release of oxygen free radicals has also been reported during the recovery phases from many pathological noxious stimuli to the cerebral tissues. Some of the pain associated neurological disorders include injury, post-operative pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, migraine, HIV related neuropathic pain, post herpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, cancer pain, fibromyalgia and lower back pain.
Managing acute pathology of often relies on the addressing underlying pathology and symptoms of the disease. There is currently a need in the art for new compositions to treatment of neurological conditions.

Compositions and methods for the treatment of neurological conditions


A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor layer having a first surface and a second surface, a first electrode on the first surface, a second electrode on the second surface, a first semiconductor region of a first conductivity type in the semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor region of a second conductivity type in an element region of the semiconductor layer between the first semiconductor region and the first electrode, a third semiconductor region of the second conductivity type between the second semiconductor region and the first electrode, and a fourth semiconductor region of the second conductivity type in a termination region of the semiconductor layer inwardly of the first surface. A distance between the fourth semiconductor region and the second surface is greater than a distance between the second semiconductor region and the second surface.

In a Schottky barrier diode (SBD) or a junction barrier Schottky diode (JBS) which is a type of the SBD, a PIN diode section may be provided in an element region as a countermeasure against a forward surge current. By providing the PIN diode section in the element region, it is possible to make a large surge current flow through the PIN diode section by modulating the conductivity of the PIN diode section.
In addition, in the SBD or the JBS, a termination structure is provided in a termination region in the periphery of an element region, in order to reduce the strength of an electric field in an end portion of the element region at the time of a reverse bias and to prevent an element from breaking down. The termination structure is, for example, a RESURF (reduced surface field) or guard ring.
It is preferable that a junction breakdown voltage of the element region is lower than that of the termination structure from a viewpoint of preventing an element breakdown at the time of a reverse bias.


A modified trampoline holder structure comprises a plurality of transverse tubes, six connection sleeves, and three supporting tubes. The transverse tubes are connected together into a ring shape. Each connection sleeve firmly clamps the joint of two adjacent transverse tubes. Each connection sleeve is inserted into an end opening of one supporting tube. Locking bumps are formed at two sides of the inner edge of each tube clamping portion. Corresponding locking grooves are formed at two sides of the joint of two adjacent transverse tubes. When the tube clamping portion firmly clamps the joint of two adjacent transverse tubes, the locking bump and the locking groove will be locked together. Each insertion tube portion is composed of at least two arc-shaped sheets. Detents that can be locked together are formed on the two arc-shaped sheets.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a modified holder structure and, more particularly, to a modified trampoline holder structure of high safety and easy disassembly.
2. Description of Related Art
Nowadays, people do indoor sports much more than outdoor sports because of busy life styles and small living space. Therefore, indoor sports with a good exercise effect such as running, weight lifting, chest developing, trampoline jumping, and so on have become the mainstream sports at leisure times. Trampoline jumping can be used for medical rehabilitation. Because trampoline jumping can provide stimulus to the vestibule and body, train the jumping capability of the lower limbs, increase the harmony of action, promote the balance capability, and enhance the feel of rhythm, it is very suitable to development treatment, sensory integration training, and ordinary capability training.
As shown in FIG. 1, a prior art trampoline structure has a resilient sheet 10, which is spread at the center of a ring-shaped trampoline framework 14 by means of springs 12. The trampoline framework 14 is connected with supporting stands 16 by means of welding. Because the welding portions may easily rust during usage and the phenomenon of unsecured welding such as dry joints may arise, the above welding portions may easily break during usage to cause accidents or even to endanger the life of user. Furthermore, because the holder structure of a welded trampoline is fixed, the trampoline is difficult to disassemble and assemble and occupies a larger space to cause inconvenience in placing.
Accordingly, the present invention aims to propose a modified trampoline holder structure to solve the above problems in the prior art.


The present invention provides methods and apparatus for locally patterning surfaces. In one such method, an oxidizable thioether is adsorbed onto a conductive surface. The surface is then contacted with a fluid medium. A conducting stamp is then brought into contact with the fluid medium above the thioether-coated surface. Next, a potential is applied between the stamp and the surface. It is expected that the charge will be transferred through the medium to the coated surface along a shortest distance path, thereby locally oxidizing the thioether and effectively creating a negative patterned image of the conducting stamp on the surface. Remaining adsorbed thioether may then be used as a mask for standard etching or material addition procedures.

The present invention relates to the field of surface patterning.
Electron beam ("e-beam") lithography has successfully been employed in a variety of industrial applications to fabricate very small structures. Though often effective, e-beam lithography is slow and expensive for many applications. Techniques therefore have been developed to lower costs and decrease production times. Specifically, e-beam lithography has been used to create a master, from which a stamp may be created. A stamping material (ink) is then applied to the stamp, which is subsequently brought into contact with a surface. The stamping material is transferred to the surface at locations where the stamp contacts the surface. The surface may then be etched to remove surface material at all points that are not coated with stamping material, thereby replicating the stamp.
Stamping of alkane thiols onto a gold surface has been extensively investigated. The alkane thiol is either absorbed into or adsorbed onto the stamp, which is then brought into contact with a gold surface. When chemisorbed to a surface, alkane thiols commonly produce a layer of close-packed, independent chains, which is often used to modify the surface, for example, to alter corrosion resistance and/or electrical properties, or to pattern the surface. Common alkane thiols include octadecanethiol and hexadecanethiol. Alkane thiols are typically applied from solution, e.g., in ethanol or hexane, to surfaces such as gold, silver, or copper.
Although stamping of alkane thiols on gold surfaces has been extensively investigated, to date the method has only proven itself in the laboratory and has not been effectively transferred to industrial settings, because of the complexities of the stamping process. The simultaneous and often contradictory requirements of rapid diffusion and high solubility of the alkane thiol onto the stamp, appropriate mechanical characteristics of the stamp, fast reaction rates relative to surface diffusion rates of the alkane thiol onto the gold substrate, high irreversibility on the gold surface, and resistance of the stamping material to subsequent processing steps have been difficult to achieve. Thus, a central factor limiting adaptation of the laboratory technique to industrial applications is the difficulties encountered while trying to achieve simultaneous control of multiple time-dependent, or rate-dependent, processes.
In view of the drawbacks associated with prior art techniques, it would be desirable to provide methods and apparatus for patterning surfaces that overcome these drawbacks. It also would be desirable to provide methods and apparatus for patterning surfaces that require control of fewer rate-dependent processes. Desirably, these methods and apparatus can be used in industrial applications.

Methods and apparatus for patterning a surface

Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne


The convertible hand truck and chair device may combine the advantages of a wheeled hand truck with the advantages of a folding chair. Such a design may allow a user to transport large or heavy items from one location to another using the hand truck, and to then utilize the hand truck as a chair device for sitting. By way of example, a user going to the beach or a camp site may carry most or all of their needed items, such as coolers, foodstuffs, and other goods, to the beach or camp site location, and then convert the hand truck to a seat where they may sit or rest without the need to bring an additional chair. The device may further collapse down into a compact form factor for ease of transportation.

A hand truck is a wheeled device with a lift plate connected to a support frame, commonly used to lever and push or pull objects too large or too heavy for carrying by a single person. Hand trucks may vary in their design and number of support components, though generally comprise an L-shaped frame having two arms and one or more handgrips for control. Hand trucks generally comprise a pair of wheels attached behind the joint of the lift plate to the support frame, which may allow a user to tilt back the hand truck and roll it across a flat surface, thus facilitating the carrying of the large or heavy object.
Hand trucks may be made available in a number of variations that provide additional advantages in specific situations. By way of example, a hand truck may be designed with a wide lift plate allowing for the carrying of a large item such as, for example, a refrigerator or a washing machine. Other hand trucks may be designed with narrow lift plates and longer, more solid support structures to act as a pry lever bar. Yet another variation of the hand truck may comprise a combination of three or more wheels that articulate over uneven surfaces to facilitate the climbing or descending a flight of stairs.
A seat is a piece of furniture with a raised surface supported by legs, commonly used to hold a single person. Seats may vary in their design and number of legs, though generally comprise a relatively horizontal surface having three to five relatively vertical legs for support. A seat further comprising a relatively vertical support surface may be known as a chair. Seats and chairs may comprise a variety of materials of construction, though are commonly made from plastics, metals, woods, or some combination thereof. Seats and chairs may be further padded or upholstered or may comprise removably attached cushions for additional user comfort.
A folding seat is a seat that folds upon itself into a more compact form so as to occupy less space. Such a seat may be mounted to a vertical surface and may articulate up or down, or may be unmounted and may articulate relative to its vertical legs. A folding chair may be designed so that a chair back and chair seat may articulate relative to one another, and may further articulate relative to the vertical legs or may incorporate the vertical legs into the articulating action. Many folding chairs articulate at the seat, forming a side-x design, wherein the chair back support and the front legs are the same component.
No combination exists combining the advantages of a wheeled hand truck with the advantages of a folding chair. Such a design may allow a user to transport large or heavy items from one location to another using the hand truck, and to then utilize the hand truck as a chair device for sitting. By way of example, a user going to the beach or a camp site may carry most or all of their needed items, such as coolers, foodstuffs, and other goods, to the beach or camp site location, and then convert the hand truck to a seat where they may sit or rest without the need to bring an additional chair. The device may further collapse down into a compact form factor for ease of transportation.
Thus, there is a need in the art for a convertible hand truck and chair device that may allow a user to operate the device as a hand truck in a first orientation and as a chair in a second orientation so as to provide the inherent advantages of both devices. It is to these ends that the present invention has been developed.


A method of positioning an elongated instrument in an everting catheter is disclosed. The everting catheter includes an inflatable everting element which circumscribes a region of the instrument and which is inflated to grip the instrument. The everting catheter and instrument extend into a patient to a desired region within the body. Flush solution is introduced between the everting element and the instrument, and the instrument is moved relative to the everting element while the flush solution is between the everting element and the instrument.

An everting catheter typically includes an outer catheter having an outer catheter lumen, an inner catheter movable longitudinally in the outer catheter lumen and having an inner catheter lumen and an everting element coupled to the outer catheter and to the inner catheter. By applying fluid pressure to the everting element and by moving the inner catheter distally in the outer catheter lumen, the everting element can be everted through the distal opening of the outer catheter. The everting element forms an extension of the inner catheter lumen.
An everting catheter is commonly used in an everting catheter system which includes an elongated instrument within the inner catheter lumen and the extension of the inner catheter lumen. With the instrument so positioned, pressurizing of the everting element causes the everting element to grip a region of the instrument.
This gripping of the instrument by the everting element is useful in that the eversion process causes the everting element to pull the instrument into the desired body region or tube. Unfortunately, this gripping action is also undesirable to the extent that the physician wishes to move the instrument independently of, and relative to, the everting element.
One prior art technique to allow for this relative movement of the instrument utilizes complete deflation of the everting element so that it no longer grips the instrument. However, deflation and subsequent reinflation of the everting element increases the time required for the procedure. Perhaps of greater importance is that deflation prevents the everting element from performing another of its functions, i.e., radially positioning of the instrument. Consequently, if the instrument is an endoscope, it is no longer radially positioned when the everting element is deflated and may actually bear against body tissue.
Another prior art solution is to employ an everting catheter of the type that never allows the everting element to grip the instrument. This can be accomplished, for example, by employing a longer inner catheter having a length that extends to the distal end of the everting element in the fully everted position or a length so great that the everting element cannot grip the balloon even in the inverted position. However, the first of these constructions also permits the everting element to grip the instrument in every position, except the fully everted position, and the second of these constructions has the disadvantage of having the inner catheter extend distally of the everting element in many positions of the everting element. If the inner catheter extends beyond the distal end of the everting element, it may damage delicate tissues.
It is also known to introduce a flush solution through an everting catheter. This may be done, for example, with a guidewire positioned in the inner catheter lumen. In this situation, the flush solution washes away blood or other material that might otherwise inhibit guidewire movement. However, the guidewire is not gripped by the everting element in that the everting element is commonly deflated prior to movement of the guidewire.

Apparatus and method for independent movement of an instrument within a linear catheter


This invention relates to novel, pharmaceutically active benzimidazolone derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein the dashed line, R.sup.0 through R.sup.6 and X.sup.1 through X.sup.3 are defined as in the specification. These compounds exhibit central dopaminergic activity and are u in the treatment of CNS disorders.

The present invention relates to novel pharmacologically active benzimidazolone derivatives and their acid addition salts. The compounds of this invention exhibit central dopaminergic activity and are useful in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. They act preferentially on the D4 dopamine receptor.
It is generally accepted knowledge that dopamine receptors are important for many functions in the animal body. For example, altered functions of these receptors participate in the genesis of psychosis, addiction, sleep, feeding, learning, memory, sexual behavior, regulation of immunological responses and blood pressure. Since dopamine receptors control a great number of pharmacological events and, on the other hand, not all of these events are presently known, there is a possibility that compounds that act preferentially on the D4 dopamine receptor may exert a wide range of therapeutic effects in humans.
European Patent Application EP 526434, which was published on Feb. 3, 1993, refers to a class of substituted benzimidazolones that contain 1-(aryl and heteroaryl)-4-propyl piperidine substituents. These compounds were found to exhibit an affinity for the 5HT.sub.1A and 5HT.sub.2 serotonin receptors. German Patent Application DE 2714437, which was published on Oct. 20, 1977, refers to a series of 1-3-(4-benzhydryl)piperazin-1-yl!propyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-2-one s and reports that such compounds exhibited antihistamine activity when tested in mice. German Patent Application DE 2017265, which was published on Oct. 15, 1970, refers to a class of substituted 1-3-(4-phenyl)piperazin-1-yl!propyl-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazoles that were found to exhibit bronchodilating effects in mice. European Patent Application EP 511074A1, which was published on Oct. 28, 1992, refers to benzimidazolone derivatives that are 5HT.sub.2 serotonin receptor antagonists useful in the treatment of a variety of CNS disorders.
The present invention relates to several substituted 1-3-(4-heteroaryl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl!2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-2-one s that posess central dopaminergic activity and which have been found to have a preference for the D4 dopamine receptor.

Benzimidazolone derivatives with central dopaminergic activity


Finishing the end of a plastic optical fiber by a device having a semi-rigid or rigid base, a solvent liner for absorbing and holding a solvent, and a re-attachable pull-off cover for keeping the solvent from evaporating when not in use. To polish the end of a plastic optical fiber, the cover is peeled off, the end of the optical fiber is contacted with the solvent liner such that solvent is transferred to the end of the optical fiber, the cover may be reapplied (using a pressure sensitive adhesive integral to either the bottom of the peel-off cover or the top of the liner), the excessive solvent, if any, is removed by using an appropriate swab, and the end of the plastic optical fiber is allowed to return to its normal state. The solvent temporarily dissolves the surface layer of the end of the optical fiber. The resulting surface tension automatically polishes the end of the optical fiber.

The present invention relates to the utilization of plastic optical fiber, and, more particularly, to the finishing of the end of a plastic optical fiber for insertion into an optical connector.
Optical plastic fibers are in general very easy to work with and are economical. An ongoing problem with the utilization of plastic optical fibers has been the problem of polishing the ends of a plastic optical fiber before insertion into an optical connector. The prior art polishing techniques have yielded connectors with a high insertion loss. These losses are typically in the 1.5 dB to 2.0 dB range. These insertion losses are high. For example, losses for multimode connectors made with silica fibers are less than 0.5 dB. Within the prior art, the finishing of ends of plastic optical fibers in the field and the manufacturing environment have utilized two or three different grits of optical polishing paper to polish the end of the optical. fiber. The utilization of optical polishing paper has resulted in the high insertion losses previously mentioned. Within the laboratory environment, it has been shown that by dipping the ends of optical fibers into an appropriate solvent that an instant good finish is achieved on the end of the optical fiber. The end finish achieved by the method of dipping the fiber into a solvent allows connector losses of typically 1 dB or lower. However, dipping optical fibers into a beaker full of solvent is not appropriate for field or factory utilization when fabricating optical connectors.
A departure in the art is achieved by an apparatus and method for finishing the end of a plastic optical fiber by a device having a semi-rigid or rigid base, a solvent liner for absorbing and holding a solvent, and a re-attachable pull-off cover for keeping the solvent from evaporating when not in use. To polish the end of a plastic optical fiber, the cover is peeled off, the end of the optical fiber is contacted with the solvent liner such that solvent is transferred to the end of the optical fiber, the cover may be reapplied (using a pressure sensitive adhesive integral to either the bottom of the peel off cover or the top of the liner), the excessive solvent, if any, is removed by using an appropriate swab, and the end of the plastic optical fiber is allowed to return to its normal state. The method works by the solvent temporarily dissolving the surface layer of the end of the optical fiber. The resulting surface tension automatically polishes the end of the optical fiber giving a better finish than that which could be achieved using optical polishing paper.
Other and further aspects of the present invention will become apparent during the course of the following description and by reference to the accompanying drawing.

Disposable device for end finishing of plastic optical fiber


An apparatus applies glue to closure stamps for insertion onto packages, such as cigarette packs. A pair of rotatable glue-applying wheels receive glue from a glue pot and transfer the glue onto the backs of the closure stamps as the closure stamps are fed therepast. A portion of the peripheral edge of each glue-applying wheel is recessed radially inwardly, to define an interruption in an outer diameter of the peripheral edge, so that only a non-recessed portion of the outer edge transfers glue to the closure stamps. In this way, opposite ends of the glue lines are spaced from leading and trailing edges of the closure stamp. A synchronizing mechanism is provided to achieve a proper synchronization between the stamp-feeding mechanism and the glue-applying wheels to ensure that the glue lines are kept spaced from the leading and trailing ends of the closure stamp.

The present invention relates to the application of glue to closure stamps for insertion onto packages such as cigarette packs.
The packaging of cigarettes is performed mechanically by means of machines which sequentially deposit tobacco onto sheets of cigarette paper, roll the sheets into cigarette form, insert the cigarettes into a package, seal the package, and apply closure stamps to the package. Machines of this type are manufactured, for example, by G.D. Societa per Azioni, Italy.
In that machine, the glue is applied to each closure stamp by two thin rotary wheels. As the wheels are rotated about a common axis, the outer edges of the wheels pick up glue from the glue pot and then apply the glue to the stamp. Hence, there are formed on the back of the stamp two spaced-apart, parallel lines of glue which extend from a leading edge of the stamp to a trailing edge thereof.
When the stamp is applied to a package, there is a tendency for some of the glue to emerge from the edges of the stamp, and thereby mar the appearance of the package. Mechanisms have been proposed for alleviating that problem, e.g., by spacing the ends of each glue line from the respective edges of the stamp. For example, a glue-applying wheel is provided along its outer edge with a plurality of circumferentially spaced, axially extending grooves. Each groove forms a pocket that picks-up glue from a glue source as the wheel rotates. A scraper engages the peripheral edge of the wheel to scrape off all glue except the glue situated in the pockets. The wheel continues to rotate, whereupon the pockets come into contact with a stamp in order to transfer daubs of glue from the pockets to the stamp. The pockets occupy a circumferential portion of the wheel edge sufficient to ensure that the ends of the glue lines are spaced from the respective leading and trailing edges of the stamp. There exists a risk, however, of the glue becoming dried in the pockets, thereby inhibiting a proper depositing of glue on the stamp.
It would be desirable to minimize that risk while ensuring that the glue lines are spaced from the stamp edges by means of relatively simple modifications to a conventional glue-applying mechanism.

Apparatus for applying glue to closure stamps for insertion onto packages


An apparatus for use in handling sheet material articles includes a feed drum which is rotatable to sequentially pull sheet material articles from a hopper. A separator assembly includes a rotatable separator disk in which a plurality of gaps are formed. A plurality of suction applicator heads are rotatable with the separator disk relative to the hopper. Each of the suction applicator heads is aligned with a gap in the separator disk. During rotation of the separator disk and suction applicator heads together relative to the hopper, the suction applicator heads are operable to sequentially apply suction to lower side surfaces of lowermost sheet material article in the hopper. The feed drum pulls one sheet material article from the hopper while a next succeeding sheet material article in the hopper is engaged by a suction applicator head.

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for use in handling sheet material articles and more specifically to an apparatus and method for feeding sheet material articles from a hopper.
Known devices for feeding sheet material articles from a hopper are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,650,525 and 3,702,187. These devices include a suction applicator head which is pivotally mounted beneath the hopper. The suction applicator head is movable to pull an edge portion of a lowermost sheet material article downwardly toward a rotating separator disk. The rotating separator disk engages the sheet material article and deflects it toward a feed drum. The feed drum pulls the sheet material article from the hopper and deposits the sheet material article onto a collator conveyor.
Due to the location of the suction applicator head relative to the hopper and the separator disk, the suction applicator head cannot be raised to engage a next succeeding sheet material article until the feed drum has pulled the preceding sheet material article past the suction applicator head. During rotation of a feed drum having a pair of grippers, as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,650,525, it takes about 30.degree. of movement of the feed drum to raise the suction applicator head. About the same duration, that is, about 30.degree., is required for the suction applicator head to pull the sheet material article downward for engagement by the separator disk. A short 15.degree. dwell time is provided to allow the suction applicator head to seal against the lower side of the sheet material article in the hopper. After the sheet material article has been pulled downward by the suction applicator head, the separator disk can enter over it to hold the sheet material article in position for engagement by grippers on the feed drum.
During movement of the suction applicator head into and out of engagement with a sheet material article, the portion of the feed drum circumference adjacent to the suction applicator head cannot be used to carry a sheet material article. The time required to move the suction applicator upward into engagement with the sheet material article, to seal against the lower side of the sheet material article, and to pull the sheet material article downward and for the separator disk to engage the sheet material article is a substantial portion of a revolution of the feed drum. This means that only a substantially reduced portion of the feed drum circumference can be used to carry a sheet material article.
It is desirable to have a sheet material article deposited on a raceway/track of a collator conveyor at a velocity and in a direction which matches the velocity and direction of movement of sheet material articles by the collator conveyor. In order to match the velocity between the feed drum and the collator conveyor, a track pusher chain division which is 30% to 40% greater than the signature length has been required. The distance by which a pusher chain division exceeds the signature length must be the same as the feed drum circumference which is required to accommodate movement of the suction applicator head.
In order to retain matched sheet material feed speeds by the feed drum and the collator conveyor, the timing of the collator conveyor and the feed drum becomes critical. This can result in an undesirable timing relationship between the feed drum and the collator conveyor, a large mismatch in the velocity at which sheet material is fed from the feed drum and the velocity at which feed material is moved by the collator conveyor, and/or a longer than desired distance between pusher chain centers on the collator conveyor.

Apparatus and method for handling sheet material articles


A radio communication device, having a receive mode and a transmit mode, includes a receiver portion, a transmitter portion, and multiple oscillators for providing reference waveforms for the radio communication device. During the receive mode, the receiver portion receives signals having a selected frequency, converts received signals to at least a first intermediate frequency (IF), and a transmitter oscillator produces a first waveform having a frequency equal to a multiple of the first intermediate frequency during the receive mode. During the transmit mode, the transmitter portion requires a reference waveform having an offset frequency equivalent to the first IF frequency to produce a radio frequency signal. Thus, the radio communication device also comprises a divider coupled to the transmitter oscillator for dividing the frequency of the first waveform to the required offset frequency in the transmit mode.

Many modern communication systems use time division multiplexing. Radios in such multiplexed systems switch rapidly between the receive and transmit modes. Such radios may include oscillators that provide reference waveforms for both the receiver and transmitter portions of the radios. A problem may arise in such radios when an oscillator in the radio produces a signal having a frequency equal to the receive frequency, or to an intermediate frequency of the receiver, because in many cases, the oscillator cannot be turned off sufficiently fast to prevent its output from being received by the receiver when the radio goes into its receive mode. These oscillator signals interfere with the performance of the radio because the receiver receives the oscillator signals instead of desired signals. This phenomenon is known as self-quieting, and is obviously undesirable. One possible solution to the self-quieting problem is to shield the receiver portion of the radio so that the oscillator signals are not received during the receive mode. However, shielding of a receiver requires space and may not be as effective as desired. Thus, a need exists for a method and apparatus for reducing self-quieting that avoids the detriments of shielding.

Transceiver having a divide-down transmit offset scheme


Reduced-size user interfaces for providing weather information are disclosed. At an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display, indications of a location and a temperature at the location may be displayed. In some examples, a user may provide input through a touch on the touch-sensitive display and/or through a rotation of a rotatable input mechanism to display additional weather information, such as weather information for another location, another temperature, another time, and so forth. In some examples, the device may obtain data representing an upcoming activity, determine whether the activity is to begin within a threshold amount of time, and display weather information based on the upcoming activity. In some examples, the device may display an affordance at a position to indicate the time of day for which a weather condition is provided.

Electronic devices may provide various types of information to a user throughout the day. One type of information that a user may wish to access through such an electronic device is weather information. For example, a user may wish to obtain weather information, such as current or forecasted weather conditions, for a location of interest. A user may wish to receive an alert of the weather conditions, such as weather conditions at the device's (and user's) location or the location of an upcoming event. As electronics packaging techniques improve, smaller and more portable devices are made, which challenges computer user interface designers with providing weather information that a user is accustomed to receiving on reduced-size devices. That is, user interfaces that provide weather conditions, weather alerts, and other weather information to a user on a reduced-size portable electronic device will become increasingly desirable.


A semiconductor apparatus comprises a heat diffusing plate and a surface installing printed board. A semiconductor device of a high heat generation is installed on the heat diffusing plate. A surface installing package and chip parts are installed on both surfaces of the printed board. A through hole is formed at the center of the printed board so that the semiconductor device is located at the center. The heat diffusing plate on which the semiconductor device has been installed and the surface installing printed board are connected and integrated.

The invention relates to an installing technique of a computer and, more particularly, to a semiconductor apparatus of the module installing type which is suitable for a high density installation of semiconductor devices.
In recent years, as a result of an increased demand for a computer with higher processing speeds, in which semiconductor devices are installed therein, and, further, for greater miniaturization of a casing, development has been towards the realization of a high integration of the semiconductor devices and a large size is being progressed year by year. In association with them, there is a tendency such that the number of input and output terminals per semiconductor device and an amount of heat generation also increase. Therefore, the realization of a high processing speed, a small size, and a high heat radiating performance of a package form to install semiconductor devices is also required. For this purpose, a module installing form in which a plurality of semiconductor devices are installed on one substrate is used.
In a conventional module installing form, a semiconductor device chip is directly connected onto a printed board and a potting is performed by using a resin. However, since the printed board is formed by the resin of a small heat conductivity, the heat radiating performance is low and it is difficult to install semiconductor devices which generate a large heat.
As a method of improving the heat radiating performance of the package of the semiconductor device chip, there is a method disclosed in "Electronic Packaging Technology", Vol. 6, No. 3, page 60, FIG. 3, Mar., 1990. However, such a method intends to improve the heat radiating performance of the sole package unit and cannot solve the foregoing problem of the semiconductor apparatus of the module installing type.

Semiconductor apparatus of module installing type


A method for generating documentation content for computer operating system commands with command specifications in command definition files is disclosed. The method includes examining a command definition file for a syntactic structure of a corresponding command. The command definition file has a link point, a keyword, and an argument. A documentation requirement and documentation options are extracted from the syntactic structure. The documentation requirement and the documentation options are combined into a documentation tag construct. The method automatically generates a template for a documentation content file, which includes a natural language explanation for the keyword and argument.

1. Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of computer software such as operating systems and their Command Line Interfaces. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method, system, and computer usable medium for automatically documenting command file tags and for generating skeleton documentation content from operating system command files.
2. Related Art
Computer systems function, on one level, through the action of software implementing an operating system. An operating system controls the physical operation of the computer, e.g., electronic processes of the computer's subsystems and components implementing the function of the computer system. Operating systems are sometimes updated, revised, modified, improved, and enhanced. Such changes are incorporated through implementing new versions, e.g., releases of the operating system, and typically, loading the new releases onto a computer system, as they become available.
Operating system functionality is characterized and utilized, in one sense, by a list of commands which enable the operating system to control computer system function in accordance with a programmer's intent. These commands are specified and implemented via what is called the operating system's Command Line Interface.
All operating systems deploy a Command Line Interface through one modality or another. The Command Line Interface (CLI) provides the capability of non-programmatically, interactively accessing and controlling the computer system.
Commands are often grouped together in command files. Commands and command files may be changed, added, deleted, modified, substituted, or augmented with each release. Often, as operating system software develops, the list of commands and command files may grow quite large and become very complex. Using, for example, Cisco Systems' Internetworking Operating System™ (IOS™), an operating system enabling the functionality of routers, e.g., computer systems specializing in internetwork routing, there are approximately 2,000 active commands presently extant at this writing; the number growing still. Each IOS release arrives with new and syntax-enhanced commands.
The documentation of each and every command and command file, including any and all changes, is a crucial responsibility, often shared or tasked between software engineering and technical writing, who may, as a team build webpages and other documents with command functionality as content. There has conventionally been no methodology for software engineers to provide command functionality details and updates to technical writers and other documentation team members. In the conventional art, documentation is an ad hoc process, performed manually.
Documentation has at least two levels, a first wherein documentation is added at a base level to command files by operating system engineers and technical writers, and a second wherein high level documentation is generated for end users in some transparent, user accessible format, e.g., webpages. Localization to languages other than English, especially in generating high level documentation, is often crucial to product implementation, applicability, and marketability. Conventionally, documentation has been, and by ad hoc consortium of operating system engineers, technical writers, and others.
Conventional solutions, even using automated documentation technologies, are tedious. This, coupled with its ad hoc nature, causes errors, confusion, and conflict. Vigilance must be practiced to prevent syntax errors in generating command files and failure to incorporate required documentation content items. Further, there are risks of accidental user data destruction, of wiping out existing command definition and/or command documentation files, and misplacement of generated documentation files. Attempts at localization to languages other than English exacerbate these challenges, and the conventional art does not systematically promote such localization. Documentation at the base level, does not support generation of documentation at the higher level for end users. Documentation syntax often suboptimally represents actual documentation contents. Format typically suffers; existing products often reveal varying degrees of conformity with conventions of structural formality necessary for optimal system transparency and performance.
Thus, the conventional art is problematic because documentation performed in accordance with its regime is tedious, disjointed, and prone to error, omission and inadvertent data destruction. Conventional documentation is also problematic because it does not systematically support either localization to languages other than English or higher level documentation. Further, conventional documentation is problematic because documentation syntax does not optimally represent actual documentation contents, and existing documentation may not adequately conform to structural standards.
Accordingly, what is needed is a method and/or system of documentation that promotes uniformity, minimizes error, omission, and data destruction, and is not tedious. What is also needed is a method and/or system of documentation that systematically supports both localization to languages other than English and higher level documentation. Further, what is needed is a method and/or system of documentation wherein documentation syntax optimally represents actual documentation contents, and documentation produced conforms adequately with structural standards.

Method and system for automatically documenting system command file tags and generating skeleton documentation content therefrom


Efficient data deduplication is described herein. A deduplication bit array partition can be created that corresponds to a number of data items in an expected dataset. The deduplication bit array partition can track whether the data items have been received. When a data item in the expected dataset is received, a bit in the deduplication bit array partition corresponding to the received data item can be accessed to determine, based on the value of the bit, if the received data item has already been received. When the value of the bit indicates that the received data item has not already been received, the value can be changed to indicate that the data item has now been received. When the value of the bit indicates that the received data item has already been received, the data item can be deleted or ignored.

Data deduplication involves analyzing a dataset or file to identify and remove redundant data. Removing redundant data saves storage space and can make subsequent data processing more efficient and less resource intense. The data deduplication process itself, however, can be resource intensive. Data can, for example, be conventionally deduplicated using a bloom filter. With a bloom filter, several hash operations are performed on an identifier associated with each received data item. Multiple hash operations are necessary to prevent collisions, resulting in a large amount of storage space. Additionally, despite the reduction in collisions provided by performing multiple hashes, collisions still occur, resulting in false positives (and therefore lost data) in the deduplication process.


A control valve device (19) controls supply and discharge of pressurized oil to and from a hoist cylinder (12) which tilts a vessel (3). A throttle (24C) that limits a flow rate of hydraulic oil which is discharged from a hydraulic pump (13) and flows in a return line (16) through a pump line (15), a first directional control valve (24) and a center bypass oil passage (23) is provided in the floating position (F) of the first directional control valve (24). When the first directional control valve (24) is in the floating position (F), the upstream side of the throttle (24C) is connected to the pump line (15), and the downstream side of the throttle (24C) is connected to the return line (16). In addition, a rod-side actuator line (18) communicated with rod-side oil chambers (12E, 12F) in the hoist cylinder (12) is connected to the pump line (15).

In general, a large-sized transport vehicle called a dump truck is provided with a vessel (loading platform) on a frame of a vehicle body tiltably in an upper-lower direction on a basis of the rear side. The transport vehicle carries and transports objects (for example, crushed stones or earth and sand) to be transported to a transportation destination (cargo unloading site or cargo collection site) in a state where the objects to be transported are loaded in a large amount on the vessel (Patent Document 1).
A transport vehicle of this type according to the conventional art comprises schematically an automotive vehicle body, a vessel which is provided on the vehicle body tiltably (liftably) in an upper-lower direction on a basis of the rear side and on which the objects to be transported are loaded, a hoist cylinder which is provided between the vessel and the vehicle body and tilts the vessel upward or downward with expansion or contraction of a rod therein, a hydraulic source comprising a hydraulic oil tank for reserving hydraulic oil and a hydraulic pump for delivering pressurized oil as the hydraulic oil to supply the pressurized oil to a bottom-side oil chamber or a rod-side oil chamber in the hoist cylinder for expanding or contracting the hoist cylinder, and a control valve device provided between the hydraulic source and the hoist cylinder to control supply and discharge of the pressurized oil to and from the bottom-side oil chamber or rod-side oil chamber in the hoist cylinder.
The control valve device used in the transport vehicle has a total of four switching positions composed of a raising position of supplying the pressurized oil from the hydraulic pump to the bottom-side oil chamber and discharging the hydraulic oil in the rod-side oil chamber to the hydraulic oil tank to expand the hoist cylinder for upward tilt (rotation) of the vessel, a lowering position of supplying the pressurized oil to the rod-side oil chamber and discharging the hydraulic oil in the bottom-side oil chamber to contract the hoist cylinder and lower down (downward rotate) the vessel, a floating position of discharging the hydraulic oil in the bottom-side oil chamber by self-weight of the side of the vessel to contract the hoist cylinder and allow for self-weight fall of the vessel, and a neutral position of stopping supply and discharge of the pressurized oil to and the from the hoist cylinder to stop movement of the hoist cylinder for holding the vessel.
Here, the control valve device is selectively switched to any switching position of the total of the four switching positions in response to a manual operation of an operating lever which an operator operates. The transport vehicle self-travels to the transportation destination in a state of loading the objects in the vessel and thereafter, expands the hoist cylinder to diagonally backward rotate the vessel. This raising operation allows the objects to be dumped to a cargo unloading site along the tilting direction of the vessel.
That is, when the operation of the operating lever by the operator switches the control valve device from the neutral position to the raising position, the pressurized oil from the hydraulic pump is supplied toward the bottom-side oil chamber in the hoist cylinder and the hydraulic oil in the rod-side oil chamber therein is discharged to the hydraulic oil tank. In consequence, the hoist cylinder expands to rotate the vessel in such a manner as to be greatly tilted to the vehicle body backward side, thus discharging (dumping) the loads in the vessel outside thereof in a sliding/falling manner.
On the other hand, after the dumping operation of the objects is completed, when the control valve device is switched from the raising position to, for example, the floating position by the operation of the operating lever, the hydraulic oil in the bottom-side oil chamber of the hoist cylinder is discharged by the self-weight of the side of the vessel to contract the hoist cylinder. Therefore, the vessel gradually goes down by the self-weight to a position of being seated on the vehicle body.
At traveling of the vehicle, for example, the operating lever is held to the floating position. Thereby, the vessel continues to be seated on the vehicle body by the self-weight, and the hoist cylinder also can be held in the contraction state by using the self-weight of the side of the vessel.
Incidentally, vehicle traveling paths of a crushed stone site or the like in a mine are dirt roads, and mostly have ragged road surfaces. In a transport vehicle traveling on such a road, vibrations caused by the bumpy road surface at traveling become larger in magnitude. At this time, in a case where the vessel is empty in loading, the vessel floats up from the vehicle body following vibrations caused by knocking-up from the road surface, and thereafter, the vessel collides with the vehicle body at the time when the vessel is again seated on the vehicle body. Therefore, uncomfortable feelings are given to the operator in the cab or repeated collisions of the vessel with the vehicle body degrade the durability and lifetime.
Therefore, in the transport vehicle according to Patent Document 1, in a case where the vehicle body is in the traveling state and the control valve device is in the floating position, when it is detected that the vessel moves in a direction of floating from the vehicle body, the control valve device is controlled from the floating position to the lowering position by a control unit. Thereby, when the vessel tends to float from the vehicle body, the control valve device is switched from the floating position to the lowering position, and thereby, the vessel can be pressed to the vehicle body side to restrict the floating-up of the vessel.

HITACHI CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY, CO., LTD.


A polymeric trench drain for use in a trench drain system. The trench drain includes an open-faced channel having a crushing rib. The crushing rib prevents buckling of the trench drain due to changes in temperatures. The trench drain also includes removable spacer blocks for use during installation, which prevent the trench drain channel from deforming during installation. Rebar clips and securement clips are provided for easy installation. A unique profile is provided on support ribs to assist in easy stacking of the trench drains prior to installation.

1) Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to the field of trench drains, and more particularly, to a modular trench drain system.
2) Description of the Prior Art
The general concept of trench drains is well-known in the prior art. Trench drains are used where extensive amounts of liquid must be moved from one place to another. The trench drains typically transport the liquid to a drainage sewer. Typically, trench drains are U-shaped or V-shaped troughs and are installed adjacent to either roadways or buildings. They are installed in the ground and secured in concrete. In many cases, the trench drains include a grate to prevent large debris and people from falling into them.
Trench drain systems include several basic designs: concrete, metal and plastic. Generally, concrete trench drain systems use forms. The forms are placed in a ditch dug in the ground. Concrete is then poured around the forms, which are removed after the concrete has set, see for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,993,878. Trench drain systems made in accordance with this method or similar methods result in relatively expensive systems due to the cost of installing and removing the forms.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,225,545 discloses a metal trench drain for use in a trench drain system. This type of trench drain results in high costs due to transportation, manufacture and installation. Also, precast concrete trench drains result in similar costs for a trench drain system.
Many of the expenses associated with these prior art trench drain systems have been overcome by the advent of polymeric trench drains, which can be left in place after the concrete has been poured in place, see U.S. Pat. No. 5,066,165. These trench drains perform two functions. First, they act as a form for the concrete; and second, they act as a liner. The manufacture and transportation costs with this type of trench drain are significantly less than the other types of trench drains.
However, trench drain systems made of polymeric trench drains have problems not associated with the other types of trench drain systems, namely buckling due to the expansion of the trench drains. This typically occurs when the trench drains are installed in colder weather. They then expand in hotter weather due to the polymeric materials' high coefficient of expansion. The embedding concrete prevents the trench drains from expanding in a longitudinal direction. Therefore, the trench drains buckle to compensate for this expansion. Further, the trench drains can deform during installation when wet concrete is poured around the periphery of the trench drains. This is due to the pressure of wet concrete against the trench drain walls.
Furthermore, as in all of the above trench drain systems, installing the polymeric trench drains require a substantial amount of hardware, i.e., nuts and bolts, which adds not only to the cost, but can also result in delays, should the installer run out of this hardware.
Therefore, it is an object of our invention to provide a polymeric trench drain which will not buckle due to temperature variations.
It is also an object of our invention to provide a trench drain system that is easy to install and transport.
It is also an object of our invention to provide a trench drain that will not deform during installation due to the pressure of wet concrete poured about the periphery of the trench drain.
It is yet another object of our invention to minimize the amount of extraneous hardware required to install the trench drains.


An electrodeless fluorescent lamp (10) having a burner (20), a ballast housing (30) containing a ballast (40) and a screw base (50) for connection to a power supply. A reentrant cavity (60) is formed in the burner (20) and an amalgam receptacle (70) containing amalgam (75) is formed as a part of the reentrant portion and in communication with the burner (20). A housing cap (80), formed of a suitable plastic, connects the burner (20) to the ballast housing (30) and a suitable adhesive (31) fixes the burner to the housing cap (80). An EMI cup (90) is formed as an insert to fit into the ballast housing (30), which also is formed of a suitable plastic, and has a bottom portion (100) and an EMI cap (110) with an aperture (120) therein closing an upper portion (140). The EMI cup (90) and the EMI cap (110) are preferably formed from 0.5 mm brass. The amalgam receptacle (70) extends through the aperture (120) and into the cup (90). For a fixed amalgam position, changing the aperture size allows adjustment of the amalgam tip temperature, and thus, allows control of the system lumen output, efficacy, CCT and CRI, all of which are dependent on the amalgam temperature.

As market forces call for more efficient fluorescent lamps to be smaller and more incandescent in shape, conventional electroded fluorescent lamp faces difficult hurdles. The A-shaped bulb that covers conventional electroded discharges causes an approximately 8% lumen decrease due to reflection loss. The gas separation between the electroded lamp's tubular phosphor layer (where the heat is generated) and the A-shaped outer covering (where heat escapes the system) leads to inherently higher system temperatures. Higher temperatures lead to significant problems in producing higher lumen (e.g., >15 W, 800 lumen), A-shaped electroded systems.
Electrodeless fluorescent discharge lamps have solved many of the problems associated with the previous attempts to market compact fluorescent lamps. The discharge chamber can be made in the A-shape so there is no need for an outer covering. The phosphor is on the A-shape portion of the lamp so cooling is more effective. Such compact electrodeless lamps have been on the market for some time and basically comprise two different types; one type being an inductively driven plasma discharge with a separate ballast; and the other being an integrally ballasted, inductively driven discharge. The latter type of electrodeless discharge lamp works well generally; however, it presents some problems with heat, inadequate RF shielding for some uses, and inadequate temperature control for the amalgam.

Re-entrant cavity fluorescent lamp system