The present invention relates to an improved method for synthesizing meropenem trihydrate[(1R,5S,6S)-2-[((2′S,4′S)-2′-dimethylaminocarbozyl)pyrrolidin-4′-ylthio]-6-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-methylcarbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid, trihydrate], which is a novel carbapenem antibiotic.

Meropenem trihydrate (meropenem.3H2O) [Chemical name: (4R,5S,6S)-3-((3S,5S)-5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio)-6-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, trihydrate] is a compound having the structure of the following formula (1):

As a prior art regarding a synthesis of meropenem, U.S. Pat. No. 4,943,569 discloses a method for obtaining amorphous meropenem by coupling-reacting MAP with a side chain material as shown in Reaction Scheme 1 below to prepare meropenem-PNB whose carboxylic group is protected by p-methoxybenzyl group or p-nitrobenzyl group, dissolving it in an appropriate amount of a mixture solvent of tetrahydrofuran and ethanol, hydrogenating at room temperature for 3 hours in a buffer solution of morpholinopropanesulfonic acid in the presence of 10% palladium-carbon with 120% of weight ratio, filtering the catalyst, evaporating tetrahydrofuran and ethanol under vacuum, washing the residual solution with ethyl acetate, evaporating the solvent in an aqueous solution under vacuum, isolating by column chromatography using CHP-20P, and freeze-drying.

In addition, U.S. Pat. No. 4,888,344 introduces a method for obtaining meropenem trihydrate by dissolving meropenem-PNB in a mixture solvent of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water, adding 10% palladium-carbon thereto and reacting it under hydrogen atmosphere (4.8 atm) at room temperature for 5 hours, filtering the catalyst, evaporating tetrahydrofuran under vacuum, washing the residual solution with dichloromethane, evaporating the solvent in an aqueous solution under vacuum, concentrating by using reverse osmosis condensing apparatus and crystallizing. As compared with the method of U.S. Pat. No. 4,943,569, since the method of U.S. Pat. No. 4,888,344 does not use a morpholinopropanesulfonic acid buffer solution and conducts the catalyzed hydrogenation reaction in a mixture solvent of water and tetrahydrofuran, it is advantageous that the hydrate can be obtained directly from the aqueous concentrated liquid without using the procedures of column chromatography, freeze-drying, isolation and recovery.
Furthermore, Korean Laid-open Patent Publication No. 1994-14399 improves the yield of the final target compound by introducing a novel process for synthesizing meropenem-PNB which can reduce the production procedures and carry out the production easily, as compared with a conventional method. However, since this method also employs the deprotection procedure of meropenem-PNB of U.S. Pat. No. 4,943,569, a crystallization procedure is further conducted after obtaining meropenem in an amorphous form to obtain more stable trihydrate, resulting in meropenem trihydrate yield of 55.3% (deprotection reaction yield: 69.1%; crystallization yield: 80%).
The above methods have complex processes and use very expensive devices. In particular, they require the expensive palladium-carbon in a large amount. Furthermore, since highly explosive hydrogen gas should be used, they are difficult to industrialize.

Method for preparing meropenem using zinc powder


A conveying roller and a paper expelling roller provided upstream and downstream, respectively, of a recording portion in a conveyance direction are connected via an idler gear so as to be able to perform drive transmission, a rotation drive amount of the idler gear is detected, ends of a recording medium in the conveyance direction are detected, driving of a conveying motor is controlled based on detection signals of the rotation drive amount of the idler gear and the ends of the recording medium, and a control constant is made variable according to a position of the recording medium in the conveyance direction.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a recording apparatus for recording on a recording medium conveyed by a conveying mechanism portion using recording means.
2. Related Background Art
As output apparatuses of various information processing apparatuses including personal computers, recording apparatuses have been used for recording on a recording medium using recording means based on recording information, such as printers, image forming apparatuses, facsimiles, or copiers. The recording apparatuses are classified into thermal transfer recording apparatuses, inkjet recording apparatuses, laser recording apparatuses, wire dot recording apparatuses, or the like according to the kinds of the recording apparatuses. The recording apparatuses are adapted for recording on a recording medium conveyed by a conveying mechanism portion, and classified into apparatuses of a serial type for recording while performing main scanning of a recording medium using recording means and apparatuses of a line type for recording by conveyance (sub scanning) of a recording medium, according to the recording type.
In the conveying mechanism portion in the recording apparatus, higher conveyance accuracy in conveying the recording medium and a quieter conveying operation have been required. In recent years, images recorded on a recording medium have been including pictures rather than text only, which has been requiring higher and higher conveyance accuracy of the conveying mechanism portion. Such a technique for improving conveyance accuracy is disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,685,370.
The conveying mechanism portion in the conventional recording apparatus has the following problems. First, in order to reduce conveyance resolution of the conveying mechanism portion to increase resolution, either a method of reducing a diameter of a conveying roller or a method of providing finer resolution of a code wheel provided coaxially with the conveying roller needs to be used. However, the method of reducing the diameter of the conveying roller makes it difficult to ensure conveyance accuracy, and thus either a method of increasing a diameter of the code wheel to increase the resolution or a method of increasing resolution of an encoder only can be used, both of which increase costs. Increasing the diameter of the code wheel increases the size of the apparatus.
Second, reducing the conveyance resolution to increase the resolution may affects a reduction ratio from a conveying motor to the conveying roller to prevent an optimum RPM of the motor or optimum motor torque from being chosen in selecting the conveying motor. Further, variations of conveyance distances or conveyance accuracy differ among conveyance of the recording medium by the conveying roller only (recording on a leading end of the recording medium), conveyance of the recording medium by the conveying roller and a paper expelling roller (recording on the center of the recording medium), and conveyance of the recording medium by the paper expelling roller only (recording on a rear end of the recording medium).


Disclosed is an electrode for a lithium secondary battery comprising a negative active material powder comprising a metal capable of alloying with lithium, a conductive material powder, and a binder, wherein the density thereof is between 1.2 g/cm3 and 4.0 g/cm3.

A metallic material such as Si or Sn capable of alloying with lithium and having a high charge and discharge capacity has been suggested as a substitute for graphite in electrodes for lithium secondary batteries. Recently, it has been reported that by alloying Si with a highly conductive metal, volume expansion of the electrode upon charging the battery is reduced which prevents the electrode from being pulverized and improves the conductivity and the cycle characteristics. It has further been reported that an alloy including Si or Sn can be processed to obtain an amorphous or microcrystalline structure in order to obtain good battery characteristics. (See Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication Nos. H10-294112 and H10-223221).
However, a battery's characteristics may be dramatically deteriorated depending upon the condition of the electrodes even though the battery is fabricated by using a material including Si or Sn.

Electrode for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same


A method of operating a computer system is disclosed. An eCommerce authentication request is received. Content of the eCommerce authentication request is processed through a non-linear analytical model to generate a risk score. The eCommerce authentication request is selectively provided to an authentication node based on the risk score. Related authentication gateway nodes and computer program products are disclosed.

The present disclosure relates to financial transaction processing systems.
Financial transactions relating to purchasing goods and services are predominately paid for using credit accounts and debit accounts that an account owner accesses through associated credit cards and debit cards. Financial transaction processing systems provide verification processes that allow merchants to verify that account information is valid and the account owner has sufficient credit or debit funds to cover the purchase.
When a purchaser is located at the merchant's facility, the merchant is responsible for authenticating that the purchaser is the account owner by, for example, comparing the purchaser's signature to a existing signature on the card, examining a picture ID of the purchaser, or providing a password.
For purchases made through a merchant's website and other electronic commerce ("eCommerce") transactions (known as a card-not-present transactions (CNP)), financial transaction processing systems can use eCommerce authentication processes that challenge the purchaser to provide a security code that is used to authenticate that the purchaser is the account owner or is otherwise authorized by the account owner. The security code may be a password, personal identification number (PIN), or other information known to the account owner such as a one time password received through e-mail, etc. Purchasers can find eCommerce authentication processes undesirable due to the need to remember security codes and the requirement to successfully complete additional process steps for purchases. Merchants can find eCommerce authentication processes undesirable because of the fees charged for use of such processes and lost sales due to purchasers abandoning transactions during the eCommerce authentication processes.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Controlling ecommerce authentication with non-linear analytical models


Embodiments related to arbitration are described and depicted.

In many technical fields, resources are shared by more than one units or devices. To give some examples, in a master slave configuration a plurality of masters may share a common slave, a plurality of units may share a common bus, a plurality of processors may share a common memory or pieces of information such as data packets may be transferred over a common data channel. When more than one unit requests to get access to the shared resource at the same time, a conflict exists between the units requesting access since at a given time only one of the units can get access while the other has to be prevented from accessing.
To address this problem, arbitration is used. Arbitration is a process, where a unit is given priority over another unit (or a plurality of other units). Many arbitration techniques with different degrees of fairness for the requesters and different degrees of complexity are known. Arbitration may take for example into account the number of previous requests by a given unit or the identity of the unit (i.e. the identity of the port. Furthermore, fair arbitration techniques may take into consideration that requesters are handled fair and one requester is for example not blocked by another requester. Fair arbitration techniques include for example round robin arbitration (RR), weighted round robin (WRR) or deficit round robin (DRR).

Method for operating a plurality of arbiters and arbiter system


A ratchet wheel for a tightener in the field of mechanics, which addresses the problems existing in conventional tighteners where the ratchet wheel tends to be shifted to offset or dislocate the reel. The ratchet wheel for the tightener includes a wheel body which is of a round-disk shape and has several ratchets along the edge thereof. Axial holes are set at the wheel body to pass the reel. Connecting parts are disposed at the ends of the axial holes to protrude vertically from the end face of the ratchet wheel. The connecting parts could be embedded onto the handle or support of the tightener. The ratchet wheel for the tightener is equipped with the advantages such as firm connection and high reliability.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a tightener for binding cargoes, in particular, to a ratchet wheel for a tightener, in the field of mechanics.
2. Related Art
Generally speaking, cargoes are required to be bound together while being transported by vehicles. It is lowly effective and laboursome to bind the cargoes by using nylon ropes or wire ropes. Meanwhile, the cargoes are difficult to be bound tightly. The Cargoes could be rapidly and conveniently bound and positioned by means of the tighteners. As a result, the tighteners are now widely applied.
The conventional tightener is composed of a body, a ratchet wheel, a baffle, a spring, a grip, a reel, a lateral plate, a mesh belt, a belt hook and so on. The ratchet wheel rotates in a single direction by turning the lateral plate, and then the mesh belt wrapped on the reel is continually frapped, so that two belt hooks are tightened on the cargoes or vehicle body.
In the conventional tightener, the reel consists of two half-moon keys of a semi-circular shape in section. Both ends of said two half-moon keys pass through the ratchet wheel respectively, and are fixed to each other by pins.
A large binding force is required when heavy cargoes are carried by vehicles, which is a challenge on the mechanical strength of the tightener. In fact, if the belts are frapped with an overlarge force when the cargoes are bound, the tightener would tend to be damaged.
In such a scenario, the ratchet wheel would be shifted from its original position, in which case the reel would be shifted accordingly. Consequently, the reel would be unevenly stressed, and the reel might be disengaged from the tightener in serious cases.
Similar drawbacks also occur in other conventional tighteners.

Zhejiang Topsun Logistic Control Co., Ltd.


A method and system for inhibiting torque steer in a vehicle equipped with steerable wheels that are power driven. The method determines a maximum engine torque limit, determines an estimated driver-desired torque, and controls the actual torque, by adjustment of the throttle angle, to be the smaller of the maximum engine torque limit and the estimated driver-desired torque. Sensors measure steering angle and transmission gear position and a calculator determines the maximum engine torque limit based upon the steering angle and transmission gear position. Further sensors measure engine speed, throttle angle, and atmospheric pressure, and a calculator estimates driver-desired torque based upon the measured engine speed, throttle angle, and atmospheric pressure. A comparator selects the lower of the maximum engine torque limit and the driver-desired engine torque and uses the selected torque to control throttle angle to inhibit torque steer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is generally directed toward a method and system for inhibiting torque steer in a vehicle equipped with steerable wheels that are power driven.
2. Description of Related Art
Vehicles equipped with steerable wheels that are power driven such as front-wheel drive vehicles and four-wheel drive vehicles have the potential to generate a difference in left/right side tire longitudinal force under the application of engine torque. This difference in left/right side tire longitudinal force can be observed in most vehicles, but is especially noticeable in vehicles equipped with a traction enhancement device such as a limited slip differential or another type of torque splitting control device. The mismatch in left/right driving torque creates a difference in the suspension restoring torque between the left side and the right side of the vehicle that ultimately leads to perturbations in steering wheel torque, which is commonly referred to as "torque steer".
The dynamic conditions that operate to cause torque steer in a vehicle equipped with power-driven, steerable wheels, are well known in the art. Generally, when the vehicle's power-driven steerable wheels are turned to the left under the application of engine torque, the left side tire longitudinal force is smaller than the right side tire longitudinal force. This translates into a torque steer that the driver of the vehicle feels in the steering wheel as a pull to the left. Factors such as the amount of engine torque applied and the transmission gear selected contribute to the overall level of driving torque delivered to the front axle, the resulting left/right driving torque difference amount, and the resulting level of torque steer.
A variety of traction control systems are known that control the slip rate of the driving axle in order to enhance vehicle stability and maneuverability. These known traction control systems generally become active upon the occurrence of a wheel-slip condition or upon the occurrence of a difference in driving wheel speed. Upon sensing such a condition, such systems may incorporate engine throttle or torque control and/or brake system control to improve traction and to mitigate torque steer. The intent of such systems is to intervene in the event of excessive wheel slip so as to keep the tire slip rate within a desired range.
One such system is described in Schmitt et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,154,546. This patent discloses a method and device for controlling traction in a motor vehicle in which a maximum transmittable driving torque is calculated as a function of various operating parameters of the vehicle and its turning performance. When a skidding tendency of at least one driving wheel occurs, the system engages and reduces engine torque to a calculated maximum transmittable torque value.
In many driving situations however, the left/right difference in longitudinal tire force can lead to a persistent torque steer before the onset of appreciable wheel slip. This situation is especially problematic when high levels of engine torque are applied as a vehicle is being steered in a direction other than straight on a high adhesion surface. In such situations, the torque steer condition occurs before a typical wheel-slip-based traction control system activates. Thus, conventional wheel-slip based traction control systems are generally ineffective to mitigate or inhibit torque steer before a wheel-slip condition occurs.

System and method for inhibiting torque steer


A displacement machine for compressible mediums exhibits several spiral-shaped convoying spaces (11a, 11b), which are disposed in a stationary housing (7a, 7b). A displacement body (1-4) is assigned to the conveying spaces and is held in such a manner on a disk-shaped rotor (1) that can be driven eccentrically relative to the housing that during service each of its points effects a circular movement defined by the circumferential walls of the conveying spaces. To this end an eccentric disk (23), on which the rotor (1) is mounted by means of an oil-lubricated mounting, is disposed on the drive shaft (24). A sliding bearing (22) is provided on the rotating eccentric disk (23) for the orbiting rotor (1). The oil is fed in and drawn off by way of a borehole (31) in the eccentric disk. Passages are disposed within the eccentric disk to feed oil without air into the sliding bearing gap.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a displacement machine for compressible mediums with several spiral-shaped conveying spaces, which are disposed in a stationary housing, and to a displacement body which is assigned to the conveying spaces and which is driven eccentrically relative to the housing so that during service each of its points effects a circular movement defined by the circumferential walls of the displacement chamber. An eccentric disk, on which the rotor is mounted by means of an oil-lubricated mounting, is disposed on the drive shaft.
2. State of the Art
Displacement machines of the spiral design are known, for example, from the DE-C-26 03 462. A compressor built according to this principle provides an almost pulsation-free conveying of the gaseous working medium which consists of, for example, air or at mixture of air and fuel. It could, therefore, also be used advantageously for the purpose of charging internal combustion engines. When such a compressor is operating, several crescent-shaped working spaces, which move from the inlet through the displacement chamber to the outlet, are enveloped along the displacement chamber between the spiral-shaped displacement body and the two circumferential walls of the displacement chamber, resulting in their volumes continuously decreasing and the pressure of the working medium being correspondingly increased.
A machine of the aforementioned kind is known from EP 0 354 342. In this machine and, moreover, in all known spiral compressors, in which for the translatory guide of the rotor a guide shaft that runs conformally with the drive shaft is provided, the drive shaft is mounted in roller bearings. This is especially obvious in the displacement machine according to the EP 0 354 342, in which the drive shaft is mounted in two ball bearings and the eccentric collar disposed on the drive shaft is mounted by way of a needle bearing.
The kind of bracing or mounting of the rotor is relatively expensive, since for space reasons a needle bearing without the inner race is used. This requires, however, that the rollway on the eccentric collar must be hardened, a feature that in turn limits the choice of an optimal method for producing the eccentric shaft. An optimal process is the casting process in which spherulitic graphite cast iron is used. Spherulitic graphite cast iron can be hardened; in the meantime the strength that is necessary for a highly stressed roller bearing operation is not obtained in the race, as is the case, for example, with roller bearing steel.
As a consequence of the high stress due to the centrifugal force and the eccentric movement of the permanent grease lubrication of the roller bearing, these known, highly stressed needle bearings are lubricated with oil, the oil being supplied to the bearing by way of a borehole system in the drive shaft.

Displacement machine according to the spiral principle


A rubber composition comprising (1) a rubber ingredient comprising a diene polymer rubber having a primary amino group, and (2) silica. The diene polymer rubber having a primary amino group is obtained by allowing a diene polymer having an active metal bound to the polymer molecule, to react with a N-unsubstituted aziridine compound. The rubber composition is made advantageously by a process wherein the above-mentioned rubber ingredient is mixed with silica, and then, additives other than the silica are incorporated in the rubber ingredient/silica mixture. The rubber composition exhibits good rebound resilience tensile properties and abrasion resistance.

In recent years, requirements for a reduced fuel consumption in automobiles have become increasingly severe from a viewpoint of economy of resources or protection of the environment. Thus, rubber materials for tires having improved rolling resistance and abrasion resistance are eagerly desired. It is known that rolling resistance can be improved by incorporation of silica as a reinforcer in rubber, but the incorporation of a silica reinforcer enhances abrasion resistance and tensile properties to a smaller extent than that obtained by the incorporation of carbon black as a reinforcer in rubber.
A primary cause of this phenomenon is to be sought in the fact that, as compared with carbon black, silica has a poor affinity for rubber materials and exhibits a poor reinforcing effect thereon. A proposal of using a silane coupling agent has been made for enhancing the affinity of silica for rubber materials, for example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (JP-A) No. H3-252431 and JP-A H3-252433. This proposal has a problem such that the silane coupling agent is expensive and must be used in a large amount.
For enhancing the affinity of silica for rubber materials without the use of a silane coupling agent, another proposal of introduce into rubber materials a substitution group having a good affinity for silica, For example, the incorporation of an alkylsilano group (JP-A H1-188501), an alkoxysilano group (JP-A H5-230286) or a substituted amino group by the reaction of 4,4'-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone (JP-A S64-22940) in a diene polymer rubber by an anion polymerization has been proposed, and the incorporation of a tertiary amino group in a diene polymer rubber by an emulsion polymerization has been proposed in JP-A H1-101344. However, even though these modified rubber materials are used, the modified rubber compositions still do not have a good rolling resistance, and, as compared with carbon black-incorporated rubber compositions, the modified rubber compositions do not have good and balanced tensile stress and abrasion resistance.
It also has been proposed provide a primary amino group in a diene copolymer rubber. For example, the reaction of an anion polymer having an active lithium metal with an N-unsubstituted aziridine is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,801,520; the reaction of an anion polymer with a cyclic hydrazine compound, followed by a ring-opening with hot concentrated hydrochloric acid, is described in JP-A S62-34904; and the reaction of an anion polymer with a bifunctional Schiff base compound, followed by hydrolysis under an acidic condition, is described in JP-A S 62-265305. However, these proposed techniques are concerned with the provision of modified polymer rubbers for modifying molding resin materials, and are completely silent on the use and characteristics thereof other than those as the modifiers for molding resin materials.

Rubber composition and process for producing the same


Non-reducing saccharides including alpha-glycosyl trehaloses, alpha-glycosyl alpha-glycosides and trehalose are easily produced by cultivating microorganisms capable of producing non-reducing saccharide-forming enzyme in nutrient culture media which contain reducing partial starch hydrolysates with glucose polymerization degrees of 3 or higher. The yields for these saccharides are significantly improved by further subjecting the reducing partial starch hydrolysates to starch-debranching enzyme and/or cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase in or not in culture media. The resultant non- or less-reducing saccharides commonly bear desirable properties in addition to a mild and gentle sweetness. Thus they would find extensive uses in a variety of compositions including food products, cosmetics and medicines.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a non-reducing saccharide and its production and use, in particular, to a non-reducing saccharide and less reducing saccharide containing the same which are obtainable by cultivating a microorganism capable of producing non-reducing saccharide-forming enzyme in a nutrient culture medium which contains one or more reducing partial starch hydrolysates with glucose polymerization degrees of 3 or higher, as well as to a process to produce the same and uses thereof.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Trehalose (alpha,alpha-trehalose) has been known from ancient times as a non-reducing saccharide composed of glucose, and as described in Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry, published by Academic Press Inc., New York, N.Y., USA, Vol.18, pp.201-225 (1963) and Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol.56, pp.3,213-3,215 (1990), its trace but extensive distribution is found in microorganisms, mushrooms and insects. Since as is the case with trehalose, non-reducing saccharides cause no amino-carbonyl reactions with substances bearing amino groups such as amino acids and proteins and therefore neither deteriorate nor alter them, the non-reducing saccharides have been deemed to be useful in utilizing and processing such substances with no fears of their browning and deterioration: Thus establishment of processes which would enable their industrial-scale production has long been desired.
There have been known several processes to produce trehalose, for example, those using microorganism cells as disclosed in Japanese Patent Kokai No.154,485/75 and those converting maltose by combination of maltose phosphorylase and trehalose phosphorylase. The former process using microorganism cells is however inadequate for industrial-scale process because the trehalose content in microorganism cells as starting material is generally low, i.e. less than 15 w/w % (the percentages appeared hereinafter mean "w/w %" unless specified otherwise), and the extraction and purification steps for trehalose are very complicated. While the latter process using maltose phosphorylase and trehalose phosphorylase has not been realized in industrial scale due to the demerits that both enzymes commonly act via glucose-1-phosphate and this hinders elevated concentrations for substrates, the yield for trehalose is low because both enzymes irreversibly act in the same reaction system, and further that such reaction system is very difficult to stably maintain and smoothly proceed.
In connection with this, Gekkan Food Chemical (Monthly Food Chemical), "Recent Aspects and Issues in Utilization and Development of Starch", August, pp.67-72 (1992) comments in the corner of "Oligosaccharides" that although trehalose would have very extensive uses, its enzymatic production using any direct saccharide-transferring or hydrolyzing reactions has been deemed to be scientifically impossible at the present time, confirming that the production of trehalose from starch as material using enzymatic reactions has been deemed to be scientifically impossible.
It is known that partial starch hydrolysates, for example, liquefied starch, dextrins and maltooligosaccharides which are all produced from starch, generally exhibit reducing powers due to the reducing end groups in their molecules. Such a partial starch hydrolysate will be designated as a "reducing partial starch hydrolysate" in this specification. The reducing powers of reducing partial starch hydrolysates on dry solid basis are usually expressed by "Dextrose Equivalent" or "DE". Also is known that reducing partial starch hydrolysates with higher DE values, which are generally small molecules, exhibit low viscosities and strong sweetening powers, as well as high reactivities to substances with amino groups such as amino acids and proteins, which cause the amino-carbonyl reaction leading to browning, unpleasant smell and deterioration.
The characteristics of reducing partial starch hydrolysates vary depending on the magnitudes of their DE and therefore the relationship between particular reducing partial starch hydrolysates and their DE values is very important. It has been, however, believed in the art to be impossible to cut off this relationship.
The sole method to cut off the relationship is to change reducing partial starch hydrolysates into non-reducing saccharides, for example, by converting their reducing groups into alcohol groups by high-pressure hydrogenation. This method however needs high-pressure autoclaves, safety facilities and careful control to prevent disasters, as well as consuming large amounts of hydrogen and energy. Further the obtained saccharide alcohols differ from reducing partial starch hydrolysates in the point that reducing partial starch hydrolysates consist of glucose moieties, while the saccharide alcohols consist of glucose and sorbitol and this may cause transient indigestion and diarrhea. Thus there has been in a great demand to establish any methods by which the reducing powers of reducing partial starch hydrolysates are decreased or even eliminated without changing the glucose moieties which compose reducing starch hydrolysates.
To solve these, the present inventors disclose in Japanese Patent Application No.349,216/93 a novel non-reducing saccharide-forming enzyme (referred to as "non-reducing saccharide-forming enzyme" hereinafter) which is capable of forming non-reducing saccharides bearing at their ends trehalose structures from one or more reducing partial starch hydrolysates with glucose polymerization degrees of 3 or higher, thus establishing non-reducing saccharides bearing at their molecular ends trehalose structures and less reducing saccharides containing the same, as well as establishing a process to produce trehalose from these saccharides using the non-reducing saccharide-forming enzyme.
The present inventors also disclose in Japanese Patent Application No.79,291/94 a novel trehalose-releasing enzyme (referred to as "trehalose-releasing enzyme" hereinafter) which specifically hydrolyzes the linkages between the trehalose moieties and other moieties in non-reducing saccharides with glucose polymerization degrees of 3 or higher, as well as establishing a process to produce trehalose at a relatively high yield where the non-reducing saccharide-forming enzyme and trehalose-releasing enzyme are used in combination. It was however found later that, unfavorably, such a process needed an extended time for cultivation of microorganisms to produce enzymes, recovery of the enzymes and enzymatic reaction to convert reducing partial starch hydrolysates into non-reducing saccharides. Thus there is a great demand to establish any processes which would be more readily feasible in the production of non-reducing saccharides from reducing partial starch hydrolysates with less complicated steps including those for preparation of enzymes.

Non-reducing saccharide and its production and use

Kabushiki Kaisha Hayashibara Seibutsu Kagaku Kenkyujo


A compound for the treatment of calcium oxalate kidney stone disease and viral infections caused by enveloped viruses which can be extracted and purified from leaves of the plant Eriobotrya japonica is disclosed. The compound has the following characteristics: inhibits calcium oxalate crystal growth in vitro; inhibits renal calcium oxalate crystal deposition in rats which are fed ethylene glycol, causes rats which are fed ethylene glycol and said compound to excrete less oxalate in their urine as compared to rats which are fed ethylene glycol without said compound; shows little or no loss in activity when exposed to an aqueous solution of pH 1.5 for 14 hours; shows increased activity when exposed to an aqueous solution of pH 12.7 for 15 hours; is polyanionic; is stable when heated in an aqueous solution (at pH of extract) at 98.degree. C. for 3 hours; water-soluble; insoluble in heptane, hexane, chloroform/methanol mix, diethyl ether, and ethanol/aqueous mix; binds to DEAE-A-25 Sephadex at pH 8.6; is eluted from the DEAE-A-25 Sephadex with 2M NaCl; and prevents cytopathogenicity of enveloped viruses such as herpes simplex virus. The present invention is also directed to a method for the treatment of calcium oxalate stone disease wherein the compound is administered, preferably for a prolonged period of time, to a patient suffering from or prone to calcium oxalate stone disease. The present invention is also directed to a method for the treatment of viral infection.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to the treatment of calcium oxalate stone disease and viral infections.
2. Description of Background Art
Calcium oxalate is the most common constituent of urinary calculi and relatively large crystals of this salt are frequently found in freshly voided urine from patients with recurrent calcium-containing stones. The rate of crystal growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate will determine whether or not a particle large enough to be trapped at some narrow point in the urinary tract can be formed within the transit time of urine through the urinary system. The chance of a particle being trapped depends partly on the size of the particle. The rate of crystal growth may determine to a large extent the subsequent rate of growth of this nidus into a stone. It is well known that several urinary constituents (e.g., pyrophosphate, glycosaminoglycans, citrate) can inhibit the rate of growth and/or aggregation of seed crystals of calcium oxalate in vitro.
Considerable research effort has been and is being expended in an attempt to identify or synthesize compounds that act as inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystal growth and which could be used for treatment of patients suffering from recurrent kidney stone disease. Hydrochloro-thiazide, sodium potassium phosphate, and potassium citrate are drugs available for the treatment of calcium oxalate stone disease and reported to reduce its recurrence. These and other drugs available have not been shown to dissolve or remove kidney stones/fragments. The development of drugs more effective in preventing calcium oxalate stone formation and to dissolve kidney stones/fragments is still needed. Since recurrence of stone disease is believed to be largely due to such remnant stone fragments in the kidney, following lithotripsy or other stone removal procedures, their dissolution could dramatically reduce recurrence rates.
Similarly, extensive work is being done to identify compounds that will inhibit the pathogenicity of viruses and prevent and/or treat viral infections. While some anti-viral agents are presently available, there is a great need for additional compounds that would be more active and more specific in preventing or treating various viral infections.

Extract and pharmaceutical composition for treatment of calcium oxalate stone disease and viral infections


A cooling apparatus includes a tank for keeping a coolant liquid therein and having an air layer, a heat receiving element in contact with a heat generating part to receive heat therefrom, a radiator for radiating heat absorbed by a coolant liquid, and a circulating mechanism for circulating the coolant liquid from the heat receiving element through the tank and through the radiator again to the heat receiving element. The tank has a conduit forming area for forming a coolant liquid circulating conduit to pass through a middle position of the tank, and a narrow gap which divides the conduit forming area at the middle position of the tank.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a cooling structure for an electronic device which is equipped with heat generating elements, and more particularly, to the structure of a tank for keeping a coolant liquid (hereinafter simply called the "reservoir tank") in a circulation-type liquid cooling system.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, as the performance of electronic devices increases, parts mounted in such electronic devices have generated increasingly more amounts of heat. As a result, stricter requirements have been imposed on cooling technology for devices. In the field of computers, as a result of increasing the number of transistors on a processor (CPU) and raising the operating clock frequency of the CPU to improve the processing performance and processing speed of the CPU, electric power density of a chip has increased to such a degree that TDP (Thermal Design Power) exceeds 30 W even in mobile applications. As such, there is an urgent necessity to establish an effective cooling technology for removing heat generated within a housing.
Conventionally, for cooling an electronic device such as a personal computer, a heat sink is connected to a heat generating element such as a CPU to spread heat which is then discharged to the outside of a housing by use of forced air cooling. Recently, however, device-cooling methods based on liquid cooling technology have been under investigation because of their higher heat radiation performance and quiet operation.
FIG. 1 illustrates the structure of a liquid cooling system mainly used in personal computers.
Liquid cooling system 1 comprises radiator 3a, circulating pump 4a, reservoir tank 5a, and heat receiving element 2a such as a cold plate. Heat receiving element 2a is connected to heat generating element 6 such as a CPU and a GPU for absorbing heat therefrom, and transports the amount of received heat to radiator 3a through a coolant liquid which flows within heat receiving element 2a. Radiator 3a exchanges heat with external air through natural air cooling or a combination of the natural air cooling with forced air cooling in order to radiate heat. The coolant liquid cooled by radiator 3a is transported again to heat receiving element 2a by circulating pump 4a. The circulation-type liquid cooling system configured in the manner described above is provided with reservoir tank 5a for keeping an amount of coolant liquid that is required to compensate for a lost amount of the coolant liquid due to volatilization from component members (mainly from resin tube 7a).
FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate a modular structure of such a liquid cooling system. FIG. 2 illustrates a general-purpose liquid cooling module for use in desk top personal computers (PCs) and the like, while FIG. 3 illustrates a thin-type liquid cooling module for use in notebook-type personal computers and the like. While both modules employ common components, the shape of a radiator and the like may be modified in accordance with the characteristics of a particular housing in which the liquid cooling system is mounted.
The aforementioned reservoir tank, which forms part of a liquid cooling system, is responsible for the following three functions: (1) keeping a required amount of coolant liquid during a device for a guaranteed period; (2) alleviating of variations in the pressure within a circulating system due to an expanded volume of the coolant liquid caused by received heat; and (3) trapping and removal of bubbles generated within the circulating system.
A resin tube for interconnecting components of a liquid cooling system permits volatilization of moisture of the coolant liquid through its molecular interstices. For this reason, anti-freeze condenses over a long-term use, and variations in viscosity due to a change in concentration degrades the coolant circulating performance, resulting in lower cooling performance of the system. Therefore, for guarantee the operation for a specific period, it is necessary to keep a surplus amount of coolant liquid in anticipation that an amount of moisture will volatilize, so that a reservoir tank is provided for pooling the coolant liquid.
Also, during the operation of an apparatus, coolant liquid, which has absorbed heat from heated devices, expands in volume as it is heated to increase the inner pressure of a circulating path. In this event, an air layer must be provided, as well, for alleviating the pressure within the circulating system in order to prevent the coolant liquid from leaking from a module junction. To meet this requirement, the liquid level (boundary between the liquid and air layer) is adjusted within the reservoir tank to ensure that there is a required amount of air capacity.
Likewise, during operation of the apparatus, bubbles can be produced within the circulating path due to introduction of air from the outside of the system, cavitation, decomposition of the liquid, and the like. If the bubbles stay within the path and block it, the coolant liquid cannot be circulated, possibly causing a loss in the cooling capabilities of the system. Also, if the bubbles within the liquid enter a thin flow between a rotor and a main shaft of a circulating pump, a gap is blocked which results in a semi-dry lubrication or a solid lubrication state between the main shaft and the rotor, which causes the generation of sudden abrasive heating which would damage the pump's bearings. Consequently, the lifetime of the pump is reduced. Further, if the bubbles are deposited such that they cause the entire rotor to be surrounded by an air layer, the pump becomes incapable of pumping the coolant liquid, resulting in a failure to circulate the coolant liquid. For this reason, bubbles staying within the system are released into the air layer to alleviate the pressure within the reservoir tank.
Exemplary applications of such a liquid cooling system are known from configurations described in JP-A-266474/1994, JP-A-366260/2002, JP-A-022148/2003, JP-A-209210/2003, JP-A-047842/2004, and the like. FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate an example of a conventional liquid cooling system which is disclosed in JP-A-209210/2003. Heat receiving element 2d such as a cold plate is mounted on the main body of notebook type personal computer 10 to cool down CPU 11, while a thin radiator comprised of radiator tube 13 and metal radiator plate 14 are mounted on display 12 to dispel heat.
In this configuration, reservoir tank 5d that is used to store coolant liquid is fixed on the radiator to maintain a required amount of coolant liquid for a guaranteed period and to remove bubbles produced in the circulating system, thereby helping the circulating pump to operate normally.
When such a liquid cooling system is employed as a cooling means for an electronic device that can be installed in different orientations, depending on the requirements of a particular user, the function of the aforementioned reservoir tank does not work well in some situations.
Taking as an example a projector apparatus for projecting an image onto a screen, the apparatus may be installed on a floor for use as illustrated in FIG. 5A, or the apparatus may be suspended from a ceiling for use in an inverted position as illustrated in FIG. 5B. In addition, depending on certain conditions, it is contemplated that the apparatus may be installed in an upright posture for projection through reflection at right angles.
However, the conventional liquid cooling system is designed on the assumption that the apparatus with which it is used operates in the same orientation at all times. Also, the reservoir tank is not designed to support any orientation in an apparatus in which the reservoir tank is installed at any angle over 360 degrees, rather, the reservoir tank is simply a closed case having an inlet port and an outlet port with a proper amount of coolant liquid 24a stored therein.
The conventional reservoir tank in such a structure is highly likely to significantly lose cooling performance due to an air layer within the tank which readily blocks the conduit inlet and outlet ports, following a change in the position of the apparatus, which prevents the coolant liquid from circulating. In particular, in the reservoir tanks disclosed in JP-A-304086/2003 and JP-A-08958/2004, only the opening at the end of an outlet tube within the tank is positioned at the center of the tank, while the opening at the end of an inlet tube within the tank is set largely spaced away from the opening at the end of the outlet tube within the tank. In this structure, the reservoir tank does function without an air within the tank approaching to the opening at the end of the inlet tube within the tank as long as the position is changed within a particular range (from 0° to 90°), but the reservoir tank is not designed to accommodate any changes in positioning from 0° to 360°.
JP-A-078271/2003 describes an exemplary reservoir tank which is capable of supporting a change in orientation from 0° to 360°. However, the disclosed reservoir tank has the open end of an inlet tube and the open end of an outlet tube arranged in parallel in the same direction at the center of the tank. In this arrangement, since the open ends of the inlet tube and outlet tube are exposed, a change in the orientation of the tank is likely to cause air in the reservoir tank to flow again into a conduit. In other words, even if bubbles in the path are trapped and kept in the air layer within the tank, the bubbles will flow back into the conduit when the orientation of the tank is changed, resulting in a high susceptibility to detrimental effects such as clogging of the conduit by bubbles, damage to a pump, and the like.

Circulation-type liquid cooling apparatus and electronic device containing same


A method for updating information on security , in which the client is connected with a server through a network, the server including a storage device that is managed by the client, the storage device storing security information, the method comprising updating the security information stored in the storage device that the client manages in the server.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for updating security information, and to a client, a server and a management computer for use in the method.
2. Description of the Related Art
As shown in FIG. 7, a client that is connected to a server through a network comprises a CPU, a memory, a network interface, and a storage (local disk device) constituted by a hard disk device. An OS (Operating System), security software, and an application program are deployed in the memory. Various files are stored in the storage. These various files are a file group making up the OS, a policy file group, and a group of other files. The group of other files includes security software, an application program, data files (referred to simply as files as appropriate), and a file system. Various file management information, such as respective file attributes and a file allocation table, are described in the file system (e.g., see Yasuharu Murase, Nyumon MS-DOS kaitei shinpan ("Introduction to MS-DOS, Newly Revised Edition"), ASCII Corporation, Aug. 11, 1991, pp. 63–64).
As shown in FIG. 8, under the typical OS control, when the application program requests access to a file (S10), the file system is referenced by a file access control function, and it is determined whether or not access is to be permitted (S20). When access is permitted by this determination, the application program can access the file by a drive (S30->S40). The file that the application program accesses also includes files of the server connected through the network. That is, files of the server connected through the network are accessed by a network drive and a network card (S50->S60->S70).
Examples of the content of the file system stored in the storage include file attributes (see FIG. 2; e.g., see Yasuharu Murase, Nyumon MS-DOS kaitei shinpan ("Introduction to MS-DOS, Newly Revised Edition"), ASCII Corporation, Aug. 11, 1991, pp. 131–132), an allocation table (see FIG. 3), and a cluster (see FIG. 4). As shown in the file attributes of FIG. 2, attributes such as file names, path names, owners, and group names are made to correspond to each file. Particularly in relation to access to the respective files by users, such as the owners, groups, and the outside, respective headings of read ("read" in FIG. 2), write ("write" in FIG. 2), and implementation are disposed. Attributes relating to access columns of permitted ("permitted" in FIG. 2) and not permitted ("not permitted" in FIG. 2) are made to correspond to each of these headings.
The security software shown in FIG. 7 is software that is added to the OS and strengthens the access control function. The security software provides precise access control to further raise security on the basis of access control information described in the policy file. Detailed attributes, such as users, applications, and periods of time, are specified in the policy file as conditions permitting access to files.
A virus pattern file and a signature file are included in the policy file. The virus pattern file is used in virus countermeasure software called anti-virus software. The signature file is used in network attack countermeasure software called a host intrusion detection system. The anti-virus software inspects files, periodically or while a file is open, for the presence of computer virus infections on the basis of a pattern indicative of the characteristics of a computer virus, and appropriately takes necessary action. The host intrusion detection system identifies a network packet called a signature, detects attacks through the network, monitors e.g., a log file that the implemented application program outputs, and detects attacks.
The policy (security policy) referred to herein is security information generically naming limitations relating to use of a computer. In other words, the policy includes not only information for prohibiting the implementation of specific applications and preventing changes to settings, but also various kinds of software.
Next, the updating of the policy file in the network environment will be described. As shown in FIG. 9, first, when power is turned on and the client starts up (S100), the OS thereof is activated (S110). Services resulting from a network connection and various pieces of software are started up (S120) by a control of the activated OS, whereby the transmission and reception of data via the network become possible. The updating function of the policy file is started up by the implementation of the security software (S130), and the client receives updates of the policy file from a management computer through the network. That is, the client receives the latest version of the policy file from the management computer (S140). Thus, the client is allowed to implement various processing corresponding to operational inputs by a user (S150).
In the above conventional technology, the policy file is stored in a storage equipped with the client. Thus, the policy file naturally cannot be updated while the operation of the client is stopped. For this reason, access control, virus countermeasures, etc., cannot be conducted in the latest state during the period of time until the policy file is updated.
As shown in the flow chart of FIG. 9, because the policy file of the client is updated after start-up, the client is operated with the old version of the security information during the period of time from start-up until the security information is updated. In particular, network-infecting viruses attack devices connected to the network. Thus, the client is ordinarily in a state in which it is vulnerable to attack during the period of time from start-up until the security information is updated.
Moreover, in relation to updating of the policy, updating of the policy must be implemented with regard to each of a plurality of clients, and the entire management burden of each client becomes enormous.

Method for updating security information, client, server and management computer therefor


The present invention relates to a method for providing an online ticket service by using a blockchain network, comprising steps of: (a) in response to acquiring ticket reservation information corresponding to a ticket purchased by a purchaser from a ticket sale server, creating a ticket token corresponding to the ticket by referring to the ticket reservation information, and registering generated information on the ticket token in a distributed ledger of a blockchain network; and (b) transmitting the ticket token to a seller token wallet corresponding to the seller of the ticket, thereby (i) causing the seller token wallet to transmit the ticket token to a user token wallet corresponding to the user of the ticket, and (ii) registering movement information of the ticket token from the seller token wallet to the user token wallet in the distributed ledger of the blockchain network.

In the case of sale of tickets used in entries to performances, film screening, exhibitions, sports arena and amusement park, etc., the sale is made generally by sale at site or reservation sale through the Internet.
In particular, due to the development in the economy and the industry, people have attention to leisure, and for the tickets used in cultural events, rather than the former manner of visiting a designated advance ticket office to purchase the ticket or reservation through telephone, the manner of ticket purchase through the Internet is more popularly used. In the case of purchasing a ticket through the Internet, there is an advantage of being able to purchase the ticket easily without the inconvenience of directly visiting or telephoning the office.
However, recently there is an increase in activities in the online network, in which a macro program is used in purchasing tickets in a mass, and reselling to other persons at a higher price, but current situation lacks regulations to prevent or prohibit such activities in advance. Accordingly, problems are arising such as the actual consumers being unable to see the performance or sports event, or consumers paying excessively high price for the ticket.
In addition, the online illegal tickets are traded through online clubs or Apps mainly trading secondhand goods, ticket transaction specialist websites, and small scale businesses are selling them through social network services (SNS) such as Twitter.
Although the conduct of selling an illegal ticket at site is liable under the Minor Offences Act, in case of an online illegal ticket transaction, there is no clear solution to sanction.
Ticket sale businesses and performance hosts are exerting efforts in various aspects in order to eradicate online illegal tickets.
As one example, in order to eradicate the illegal tickets, some performance events carry out procedures such as verification of identification, but due to this, there is a problem of causing inconvenience to audiences.
In addition, security characters comprised of alphabets and numbers are inserted between the middle of the payment stage, for a person to directly read and input in order to move on to the next stage, to thereby prevent a mass purchase using a macro program, but this is also causing inconvenience to actual purchasers.
In addition, in such a conventional ticket sale manner, old-fashioned ticket issuing manner such as at site issuing and mail sending are still prevailing, and thus waste of resources are occurring, and various disputes are arising due to loss of or damage to the ticket, etc.
In addition, due to offline issuing services, in the aspect of the use, there exist many inconveniences such as transfer, management, possession and gifting of the right of use of the ticket.
In addition, in the conventional ticket sale method, if the seller business does not verify the ticket, the genuineness of the ticket cannot be confirmed, and thus the purchaser will be restricted in exercising the property right of the ticket, and since the management for the issue of genuineness of the ticket, etc. is not made, there exists an opacity for the ticket management.
In particular, in case of a ticket purchased through an online ticket agency site or transactions between individuals, the issue of genuineness cannot be verified, and thus damages due to ticket forgery fraud and ticket delivery delay, etc. are occurring.

Method for providing online ticket service by using blockchain network and server using the same


A two-transistor DRAM cell includes an NMOS device and a PMOS device coupled to the NMOS device.

The use of embedded memories has become increasingly common in the design of integrated circuits such as microprocessors. A 2T (e.g., two-transistor) gain cell is one type of embedded memory which is commonly used in dynamic random access memory (DRAM). In a 2T cell there is typically one transistor to control read operations and one transistor to control write operations.
The amount of gate leakage current in a memory cell, such as a 2T gain cell, can determine how often a memory cell will need to be refreshed, and is often used as a measure of memory cell quality. When a memory cell is in the middle of a refresh cycle for example, devices such as a microprocessor that wish to access the memory cell are required to wait until the refresh process is complete, thereby impacting system performance.
In the past, the amount of leakage current existing in memory cells was negligible due to relatively thick oxide layers within the transistors of the memory cells. However, as oxide layers continue to become thinner and thinner due to technology scaling for example, the measure of leakage current within memory cell devices has become an increasingly important design limitation.


A method for depositing silicon oxynitride film structures is provided that is used to form planar waveguides. These film structures are deposited on substrates and the combination of the substrate and the planar waveguide is used in the formation of optical interposers and subassemblies. The silicon oxynitride film structures are deposited using low thermal budget processes and hydrogen-free oxygen and hydrogen-free nitrogen precursors to produce planar waveguides that exhibit low losses for optical signals transmitted through the waveguide of 1 dB/cm or less. The silicon oxynitride film structures and substrate exhibit low stress levels of less than 20 MPa.

Waveguides are used in optical communication networks for the transmission and routing of optical signals. For the transmission of the optical signals over long distances, waveguides can take the form of optical fibers, thin strands of glass that are used to transfer data over distances that can span tens of kilometers. Within the networks of long range optical fibers are signal processing nodes that contain packaged photonic and optoelectronic circuits that are used to perform various functions such as to encode, send, receive, decode, multiplex, and de-multiplex, among other optical and electrical signal processing functions, the optical signals that are delivered to these processing nodes via the optical fibers. And within the optoelectronic circuits in these processing nodes, optical signals are transmitted via free space and through short lengths of waveguide. These short lengths of waveguide are used to guide signals to a variety of small packaged devices or components that can transfer, combine, split, and route optical signals as the demands of the network require.
Optoelectronic packages at signal processing nodes in optical communications networks generally include an optical submount assembly, which typically consists of one or more optical die (such as lasers and photodetectors), and that can include either the means for the free space transmission of optical signals or the planar waveguides and associated optical routing components, all of which are enclosed in an hermetically-sealed cavity formed by a cap and a substrate. A submount assembly can include, for example. a substrate or interposer, the optical routing components, and the signal-generating and signal-receiving devices and components.
Routing of optical signals from the optical fibers to components on the submount assembly have historically been accomplished via transmission in free space, and to some extent, via planar optical waveguides on the submount assembly. Optical transmission in free space can require lenses to focus and direct the optical signals between components in the optical circuits and can require large spatial volumes to accommodate these lenses. The large spatial volumes can lead to undesirably large package sizes for these optical circuits. Additionally, the transmission of the signals in free space can result in significant signal losses from uncontrolled scattering and reflection.
Currently, the capability for fabricating planar waveguide structures of sufficient thickness with low stress is limited, and therefore, a need exists in the art of optoelectronic packaging for a planar waveguide structure that can be deposited onto a substrate, and from which compact and economical interposers and submount assemblies can be formed. Thus, there is a need in the art for a method to produce compact, planar optical waveguide structures that exhibit low optical loss without deformation of the underlying substrate.

Optical dielectric planar waveguide process


Described are techniques for automated anomaly detection including a technique comprising training an ensemble of deep learning models using clustered time series training data from numerous components in an Information Technology (IT) infrastructure. The technique further comprises inputting aggregated time series data to the ensemble of deep learning models and identifying anomalies in the aggregated time series data based on respective portions of the aggregated time series data that are indicated as anomalous by a majority of deep learning models in the ensemble of deep learning models. The technique further comprises grouping the anomalies according to relationships between the anomalies and performing a mitigation action in response to grouping the anomalies.

The present disclosure relates to computer security and, more specifically, to automated anomaly detection.
Anomaly detection tools can provide information (e.g., graphs, charts, tables, etc.) related to performance metrics for various Information Technology (IT) infrastructure assets such as, but not limited to, servers, routers, hubs, modems, storage systems, software, public clouds, private clouds, hybrid clouds, endpoint devices, computers, laptops, tablets, phones, and/or other physical or virtually provisioned IT assets. The performance metrics can directly or indirectly indicate anomalous behavior. Anomalous behavior in an IT infrastructure can be indicative of, for example, cyberattacks, failing hardware, malfunctioning hardware or software, and the like.

Anomaly detection using an ensemble of models


An eye characteristic measuring apparatus can effectively and properly measure and display wavefront aberration of an eye regardless of the eye state. A first illumination optical system (200A) illuminates a small area on a retina of the eye by a first light flux from a first light source unit (100). A first reception light optical system (300A) leads a part of light flux reflected from the retina (61) to a first light reception unit (510) via a first conversion member (400) for converting the reflected light flux into at least 17 beams. A measurement data judgment unit, for example, judges whether the measurement data is appropriate for calculating the wavefront aberration according to a first signal from the first light reception unit (510). For example, when the measurement data judgment unit judges that the measurement data is not appropriate, a first correction unit causes to display a check correction screen which will be detailed later and corrects the data into appropriate measurement data. Furthermore, according to the measurement data judged to be appropriate or the measurement data which has been corrected by the first correction unit (603), a calculation unit calculates the wavefront aberration of the eye (60) as optical characteristic. Moreover, a measurement result judgement unit for example, judges whether the wavefront aberration calculated by the calculation unit is appropriate. Moreover, for example, when the measurement result judgment unit judges that the measurement result is not appropriate, a second correction unit (607) causes to display the check correction screen and correct the data into appropriate measurement data.

As a conventional corneal shape measuring apparatus, there is known an apparatus in which an index is projected and an imaging position of the index is obtained to measure a corneal shape. Besides, as an apparatus for measuring optical characteristics of an eye, especially as one disclosed in a patent application filed by the present applicant, there is an apparatus in which the pint adjustment of an illumination optical system is performed by use of the light reception level of a first light reception unit, and the pint adjustment of a light reception optical system is performed on the basis of the optical characteristic (S) obtained from the output of the first light reception unit (patent application claiming domestic priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 9-137630, Japanese Patent Application No. 10-146562 (JP-A-11-028188))


A method for pressure testing an engine to detect possible oil seal leaks. The engine is charged with a predetermined pressure while air pressure is also applied to an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve intake port to offset leakage inherent in the EGR valve. Thereafter, a pressure drop in the engine pressure is used to determine whether an oil seal leak may be present. Applying pressurized air to the EGR valve intake port compensates for EGR valve leakage and prevents the EGR valve leakage from masking possible oil seal leaks, thereby making the system more sensitive to such potential oil seal leaks.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to engine leak testing and, more specifically, toward, a method for pressure testing engines.
2. Description of Related Art
During the manufacture of engines, it is desirable to test the assembled engine to determine if any of the various oil seals are leaking. Such leaks can occur due to assembly errors, damaged seals, or contamination of the sealing surfaces. However, due to the construction of modern engines, it has proven difficult to develop engine leak testing methods that can be employed quickly, as is required for manufacturing efficiency.
One problem encountered in developing effective leak tests is that there are numerous places to which pressurized air may be applied to an engine, and a similar number of areas that air will flow out of a pressurized engine. Air can be applied to the intake manifold, the exhaust manifolds, the engine oil fill, and one or more ports on the head cover. Air can also leak out of a pressurized engine at the intake manifold, the exhaust manifolds, and the exhaust gas recirculation valve.
One known testing method that has been employed in the past involves introducing pressurized air through one of the head covers, and then measuring the flow rate of pressurized air through the engine. In this method, the pressurized air exits the engine via the intake and exhaust manifolds, and this rate of flow is used as a baseline to determine whether the engine is leaking at other locations. However, it has been found that the flow rate through the engine is so great that it masks any leaks that may occur. Accordingly, the known testing method is not sensitive enough to reliably detect engine oil leaks.
Therefore, there exists a need in the art for a method to test an engine for potential oil leaks.

Engine oil leak test method with EGR valve leak offset


A method of installing a piston position sensor proximate to a closed end of a hydraulic cylinder is provided. The sensor is attached to the face of a piston and that piston/sensor combination is inserted into the cylinder tube to position the sensor in the desired location. When properly located within the cylinder tube, the sensor is affixed to the cylinder tube by means of beveled holes in the sensor that receive bolts threadedly inserted through the cylinder tube to further properly align the sensor within the cylinder tube. When so affixed, the sensor is then detached from the piston so that the piston can thereafter move independently of the sensor. A fixture is also used that allows the assembler to accurately align the angular orientation of the sensor prior to being inserted into the cylinder tube.

Actuators are in wide spread use to actuate other implements or devices. The applications of actuators are virtually limitless and the size, shape, etc. of the actuator as well as the device actuated is relatively unconstrained. Hydraulic cylinders are one commonly used form of actuators. Such actuators include a cylinder and an internal piston which actuates an external device. In many actuator applications, there is a need for greater control of the movement of the device imparted by the actuator. One example of this need is in the equipment arena where hydraulic cylinders are used as actuators to control the movement of a mechanical device, such as the bucket or claw on construction equipment.
There are, in use today, various types of piston position sensors that are used to accurately sense the position of a piston within a hydraulic cylinder. The operation of such hydraulic cylinders, therefore, depends upon a position sensor to automatically and accurately determine the location of a piston with the hydraulic cylinder, and correspondingly, the position of the particular implement that is being controlled by that hydraulic cylinder. One of such sensors and its use and construction is shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,234,061 entitled "Precision Sensor for a Hydraulic Cylinder," and the disclosures of which is hereby incorporated by reference. That particular sensor is, therefore, one that is positioned within the interior of the hydraulic cylinder proximate the closed end of the cylinder, that is, the end opposite the working end where the piston rod extends to be affixed to the equipment to be moved.
In the construction and assembly of hydraulic cylinders, the manufacture of such hydraulic cylinders is an established, well-defined process. It is desirable not to disrupt that process by adding some additional complexity to the manufacturing techniques, that is, the less changes that are required in the current manufacturing practices, the better the acceptance of the sensor.
In the normal manufacturing practices of assembling a hydraulic cylinder, the final assembly consists of bringing together two major subassemblies, the "tube assembly" and the "piston rod" assembly. The tube assembly consists mainly of the cylinder tube with the back cap attached thereto and the other end is open to receive the piston rod assembly. The piston rod assembly, on the other hand, consists of the piston rod, the head and the piston. As such, in the final assembly, the piston rod assembly is inserted into the tube assembly similar to loading a cannon such that the piston is inserted into the open end of the cylinder tube and is pushed all the way back to the closed end of the cylinder tube. When so inserted the head is positioned at the open end of the cylinder tube and secured thereto, either by means of a threaded connection by threads formed internal of the cylinder tube and threads formed external to the head, or by means of bolts that are threaded into a mating flange welded to the open end of the cylinder tube. In either case, once the head has been secured to the open end of the cylinder tube, the cylinder assembly is complete.
Accordingly, it would be advantageous to provide a system or procedural steps in the manufacture of a hydraulic cylinder to be able to install a sensor in the closed end of a cylinder tube, and secure the sensor at that location while minimizing disruptions and changes to current manufacturing practices for the construction and assembly of such hydraulic cylinders.

Method of assembling an actuator with an internal sensor


In a TDMA cellular network, there is provided a mechanism for shared-carrier frequency-hopping. It comprises: allocating on a frame basis within a reuse diameter to one coverage area during certain timeslot(s) at least one from a pool of TDM-frame-hopped carriers and allocating on a frame basis within that carrier reuse diameter to another coverage area during certain other, substantially non-overlapping timeslot(s) that frame-hopped carrier, all in substantially non-interfering time-synchronism with any proximal reuse of that carrier, whereby the advantages of frequency hopping are obtained. Stated differently, it comprises: at one instant in time, allocating within a reuse diameter to one coverage area at least one of a plurality of hopped carriers and at that same instant in time, allocating within that carrier reuse diameter to another coverage area another of that plurality of hopped carriers, all in time-synchronism with any proximal reuse of that carrier. The control and access carriers may also be included in the hopping pool, causing certain timeslots to be hopped on a sequence different from the others. The pool of hopped carriers is further apportioned among co-located sites into hopping groups, thereby reducing intra-system synchronization requirements. To solve the near/far problem, TDM timeslots bordering hopping boundaries are preferentially allocated to less distant mobile users.

Geographic reuse of carrier frequencies has proliferated as a viable solution to the problem of limited radio spectrum in cellular radiotelephone systems. Traditionally, a served area is subdivided into clusters of cellular coverage areas which have allocated to them groups of carriers. These clusters are repeated such that carriers reused from cluster to cluster are sufficiently geographically separated from one another to permit simultaneous reuse of carriers without undo interference.
Frequency hopping might be employed to provide sensitivity improvement against slow fading and to improve carrier-to-interference (C/I) margin in cellular radiotelephone systems. Transmissions within a given coverage area would be hopped from one carrier within the group allocated to that coverage area to another within the group, hopping from one to another. However, there must be a sufficient number of carriers in each coverage area over which to hop or the advantages of frequency hopping are diminished. In other words, both less dense cellular reuse and greater frequency hopping improve the performance in a given coverage area, but both usually draw from the very same (and scarce) spectrum. So, whatever is gained by one technique is gained at the expense of the other.
In currently-proposed Time-Division, Multiple Access (TDMA) cellular systems, particularly when utilized as an adjunct to preexisting analog cellular systems or where more than one operator coexist, fewer carriers are available to be employed, or are required for that matter, because up to eight conversations take place in eight repeating timeslots on a single carrier. Accordingly, up to seven-eighths fewer carriers are required to carry the same channel capacity. This reduction in carriers available to each coverage area reduces the opportunity for employing frequency hopping as an effective system enhancement.
This invention takes as its object to overcome these shortcomings and to realize certain advantages presented below.


An elastic-wave filter device includes a reception filter section including a longitudinally coupled resonator-type elastic-wave filter section that has a balanced-to-unbalanced conversion function and has improved common-mode isolation characteristics. Among IDT electrodes of a filter section, each of the other comb-shaped electrode of a first IDT electrode including a pair of comb-shaped electrodes, one of which is connected to a first balanced-signal terminal, and the other comb-shaped electrode of a second IDT electrode including a pair of comb-shaped electrodes, one of which is connected to a second balanced-signal terminal, is connected to one of ground electrodes that are provided on a piezoelectric substrate. Inductors are provided on the piezoelectric substrate, and each inductor is connected between the other comb-shaped electrode of one of the first and second IDT electrodes and one of the ground electrodes.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an elastic-wave filter device, and, particularly, an elastic-wave filter device that includes a longitudinally coupled resonator-type elastic-wave filter section which has a balanced-to-unbalanced conversion function.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, elastic-wave filter devices that utilize an elastic wave such as a surface acoustic wave or a boundary acoustic wave at an RF stage of mobile phones have been used. The elastic-wave filter devices have been required to have not only a low insertion loss in the passband, but also excellent isolation characteristics in terms of electrical characteristics, a balanced-to-unbalanced conversion function in terms of a function, and so forth.
For example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2010-109694, an elastic-wave duplexer in which a reception filter section is constituted by a longitudinally coupled resonator-type elastic-wave filter section that has the balanced-to-unbalanced conversion function is described. In the elastic-wave duplexer described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2010-109694, an elastic-wave resonator constituting a shunt trap is connected between a node between a reception filter section, which is constituted by a longitudinally coupled resonator-type elastic-wave filter section, and a first balanced-signal terminal and a node between the reception filter section and a second balanced-signal terminal.
However, the elastic-wave duplexer described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2010-109694 has a problem that it is difficult to sufficiently improve the common-mode isolation characteristics.


A quantum computing device is provided, including a logical qubit encoding surface including a plurality of plaquettes. Each plaquette of the plurality of plaquettes may include a plurality of measurement-based qubits. The plurality of measurement-based qubits may include four data qubits and a first ancilla qubit. The first ancilla qubit may be electrically connected to the four data qubits and a second ancilla qubit included in the logical qubit encoding surface.

Errors frequently occur when performing computations with a quantum computing device. In order for the results of such computations to be accurate, the errors typically have to be corrected at a faster rate than the rate at which they occur.
The error rate for quantum computations depends on structural properties of the quantum computing device. For example, increasing the number of physical qubits used to implement a logical qubit may increase the error rate. The error rate of a physical qubit may also increase as the connectivity degree of the physical qubit (the number of other physical qubits to which the physical qubit is connected) increases.
The architecture of a quantum computing device also affects what error correction methods may be used. Accordingly, it is beneficial for a quantum computing device to have a structure that both has a low error rate and allows efficient methods of error correction to be used.


In a mobile communications device used in countries having a prevailing language with a large number of alphabet characters, the keypad is mapped alphabet into two groups and mapping each of the groups to the keypad to provide two independent modes of selection. The user can toggle from one mode to the other by operating a separate switch to enable selections from each of the alphabet groups.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention of this application relates to telephone keypads and more particularly to a method for mapping the inputs generated by the operation of a keypad for a mobile telephone.
2. Brief Description of Related Developments
In several emerging mobile phone markets, there are obstacles in the way of everyday usage created by the large alphabets present in the language, for example Thai and Hindi. Such large alphabets challenge the prevailing systems for entering text into the phone for address books, messaging and other purposes. The prevailing system of multi-tap, based on the Latin alphabet which is comprised of 26 characters, becomes cumbersome when applied to, for example the Thai alphabet of 70 characters.
The keypad is the main user interface for entering text in a mobile phone product. In such devices, there are generally 10 numeric keys that can be used to enter numerical and alphabetic characters. To enter alphabetic characters, a couple of letters are mapped into each key. Some disambiguation technologies are needed to pick the right letter. Multi-tap is one of the most common techniques in disambiguating keystrokes. With this approach, the user presses each key one or more times to specify the input character. For example, in an English input method, key 2 is pressed once for the character A, twice for B, and three times for C. Applying this technique to an alphabet consisting of 70 characters, such as the Thai alphabet, requires that, if all the letters are mapped into the numeric keys, on the average, about 8 letters have to be mapped to each key. Several problems become immediately apparent. First, it is extremely difficult to physically print all the mapped letters on the keys, as the space on the keypad is too limited. To compromise and print a range of characters requires the user to remember the mapping logic. In such a system, it will be difficult for the user to search and enter the right letter, since too many letters are mapped into each key.
One solution in the prior art for this problem is to imprint only letters at breaking points on the physical key. Using English as an example, in an ITU-T keypad English input, "a b c" is mapped to key 2. "d e f" is mapped to key 3, and so on. So "a" and "c", "d" and "f" are the breaking points in the alphabet. In the solution, the labels like "a-c", "d-f" are printed on the numeric keys. If only breaking letters are shown on the keys using an extensive alphabet, the user has to memorize all the letters that fall between two breaking points. This is a significant burden when an alphabet, such as Thai or Hindi is applied. Users have to figure out how many presses are needed to find the right letter.
Another prior art solution is to support only partial alphabet by multi-tap input. For example, some Thai inputs only support multi-tap to input consonants. All the other vowels, diacritics, tone marks, etc. are shown in one grid for user to select. Just as special character input in Chinese, all the special characters are shown in the grid, user can navigate and select by navi keys.
This input method, however, is not consistent for different letter groups. The user has to use different logic and process to enter different letter groups. Multi-tapping is used to enter consonants and grid navigation is used to input vowels and tone marks. Grid selection is time consuming and prone to errors.
It is an object of this invention to provide a method of mapping characters to a mobile telephone keypad that is consistent in all alphabet letters, so that the user can use the same logic and sequence to input all the alphabet items, including consonants, vowels, diacritics, tone marks and other common items.
It is another object of this invention, to limit the need for a user to remember key mapping details when they search for the right letter, by providing visual indications to assist in the selection of the right key and the right number of times a key needs to be pressed for the desired character.
It is another object of this invention to avoid the need for a user to move their focus between physical keyboard and display, by providing enough information on a display screen and mapping non-consonant items in a user-friendly way to enable a user to find the desired non-consonant items easily.

Method of mapping characters for a mobile telephone keypad


To improve an offset accuracy in a particle number counting apparatus (100) condensing a working liquid with sample particles, the apparatus including:                a porous member (22) in which a flow path (23) is passed through to form an inlet (23a) at a lower side and an outlet (23b) at an upper side thereof so that the working liquid is supplied to a predetermined section of the porous member so as to be impregnated into the entire part of the porous member; and a housing (21) having an accommodating space for accommodating the porous member (22), wherein a gap (S) is formed between an outer peripheral surface (22a) of the porous member (22) and an inner peripheral surface (21b) of the accommodating space of the housing (21) at least in an upper side than the predetermined section to be supplied with the working liquid.

A particle counting apparatus of this kind, as disclosed in Patent Literature 1, provides a measurement targeted gas containing sample particles to flow in a flow path in which a working liquid (alcohol such as ethanol, isopropanol, and butanol) is diffused in a state of saturated vapor and the working liquid is thereafter condensed by cooling with the sample particles as cores to produce droplets of the working liquid so that the number of the sample particles is counted by counting the droplets of the working Liquid to thereby measure a concentration thereof.
In a conventional construction of a particle counting apparatus as shown in e.g. FIG. 9, however, in order to fill the flow path with the saturated vapor of the working liquid, a porous member including the flow path vertically passed therethrough is inserted into a cylindrical housing to be fitted, and lower end portions of the porous member are immersed in the working liquid so that the working liquid is impregnated into the entire part of the porous member, and therefore the flow path penetrating the porous member is brought into the condition of being saturated with the vapor of the working liquid.


A mobile computing device has a display and a user interface UI input device that has a control system for manipulating displayed data. The display and UI can be part of a touchscreen or the UI can be decoupled as an input device that is separate from the display. The UI can be used for scrolling, zooming, and selecting specific data on the visual display. The basic operation of the UI includes a touch circle being formed around a control point where the user touches the touchscreen. The user can swipe on the touchscreen with radial and arcuate gestures which can be interpreted by the UI for zooming, selecting, and inputting data.

Touchscreen and touchpad user interfaces (UIs) are used on various types of computing devices such as mobile smartphones, tablet computers, smart watches, and some desktop computers. Today, the majority of common touchscreen interactions fall back to the touchscreen analog of point-and-click, which means that user input is directly coupled to the size of the screen. For example, dragging and dropping an object across the screen requires larger and larger movements as screen size increases and becomes too intricate to perform reliably with a finger as the screen size decreases. The rising popularity of touchscreen interfaces has led to a small handful of special-purpose gestures to become commonly used (such as two-finger scroll, swipes, two-finger taps, pinch to zoom, etc.), but more comprehensive non-point-and-click gestural interfaces have failed to capture consumer attention at least in part due to the lack of a sufficiently general interface that provides interactive visual feedback.
Manipulating a large amount of information can be a problem on a small visual display.
As UIs for software running on computing devices become more complex, the number of UI options can also increase. What is needed is a UI system and method which allows more information to be shown on a small display screen so that a user can quickly enlarge areas of focus and easily make accurate selections, even when a large amount of information is present.
A final problem area is consistency of interaction. Traditional point-and-click style UIs often rely on the user to discover and memorize the locations and symbols for widgets, buttons, menus, etc. across applications. These can vary drastically, which requires a significant amount of manual design and testing. This inherent inconsistency can also inhibit or prevent user muscle memory. A UI that offers a consistent interaction across applications and layouts could save user, developer, and designer time.

Dynamic view user interface system and method


A handgun cartridge magazine floor plate for a handgun grip frame having a circular cut-out area in the front wall thereof. The floor plate has a flat body which attaches to the bottom end of a tube-type magazine and an extended front end section with a dome-like upwardly directed projection which fills the cut-out area when the magazine is in place in the grip frame. The projection blocks the cut-out area, extends the available gripping surface and enhances manual removal of the magazine.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a floor plate assembly for a well known tube-type cartridge magazine commonly used in semi-automatic firearms or handguns. The floor plate assembly of the present invention acts as a base or closure element for the magazine and is rigidly attached thereto to provide a base for the usual thrust transmission plate of the magazine spring. More particularly, the invention relates to the particular configuration of a floor plate assembly which enables a cooperation between the magazine base and a particular handgun grip configuration.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of magazine base plates or butt plates as grip enhancers for the handle of various handgun grip designs is well known in the art. U.S. Pat. No. 4,343,107 to Kaltenegger for instance utilizes an extended sleeve about the magazine base in combination with a base plate to enlarge the grip area of the gun handle while providing increased cartridge capacity. U.S. Pat. No. 5,557,872 to Langner is another example wherein the magazine base plate assembly is used to house a power supply for a laser sighting device. The magazine base plate of Langner also cooperates with the gun handle to increase the grip area. U.S. Pat. No. 5,438,783 to Sniezak et al discloses a magazine butt plate or floor plate which extends below the bottom end of the front and a portion of the side walls of the gun handle in order to enhance the gripping surface as well as to accommodate different length magazine tubes. As is common with this type of construction, the magazine floor plate is located completely below and extends beyond the bottom walls of the forward finger grip area of the gun handle.
As shown in the Stukas U.S. Pat. No. 2,620,582 and the Musgrave U.S. Pat. No. 4,107,863, other base plate configurations have been utilized to provide a forwardly extending projection which may be used to aid in the withdrawal of the magazine from the magazine well. Although the majority of magazine floor plate designs locate the floor plate completely below the bottom perimeter of the gun handle to thus extend the finger grip area, it is well known to provide an upwardly extending shoulder or indexing tab which engages a recess in the bottom edge of the front wall of the gun handle. The conventional practice, however, is to fair the surface of the base plate smoothly into the front contour of the gun handle. Examples of this construction are noted in the Boland et al U.S. Pat. No. 5,584,136 and Baldus et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,862,619.
Certain recent semi-automatic handgun designs incorporate a magazine well for receiving magazines with relatively flat and reduced thickness floor plates which only partially cover the grip base and do not add appreciably to the grip length. Examples of this configuration are shown in the Glock U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,539,889; 4,825,744 and 4,893,546. This design is also present in recent Glock handgun models 17-24. The practice is to provide the front wall of the grip handle with a semi-circular cut-out leaving a void directly above the magazine floor plate. The purpose of the cut-out is to allow the user to eject the magazine by finger pressure in the event of jamming or malfunction of the magazine release mechanism. This particular design has certain drawbacks in the nature of discomfort due to the rough and uneven surfaces presented to the little finger of the gripping hand. The effect of the rough and uneven surfaces is to actually reduce the grip length since the third finger becomes relatively ineffective. The semi-circular cut-out portion of the front wall of the handgrip has rather sharp edges because of the usual flared bottom end of the grip handle which can actually hamper rapid manual ejection of the empty magazine. Needless to say, the provision of a cut-out section in the front wall of the gripping surface also greatly increases the possibility of entry of unwanted debris into the magazine well.
The aesthetic appeal of the overall gun handle is severely diminished by the cut-out section of the grip area as well as the foreshortened magazine floor plate which leave the impression of an unfinished product. It is well appreciated in the handgun art that pleasing contours and ornamental enhancement are valuable assets. The aesthetic appeal of a well dressed overall appearance enhances marketability and is sought after by handgun connoisseurs. Also, professionals who depend on handgun protection appreciate good craftsmanship and a "finished" appearance.