Each of a plurality of jumper templates is configured to fit over a jumper block. Each jumper template contains a set of jumpers disposed to connect to pin pairs on the jumper block and thereby set the jumper block to one of a permissible setting for the jumper block. A jumper template may include a key that corresponds to a physical feature of the jumper block to ensure proper orientation of the jumper template with respect to the jumper block. Alternatively, a jumper template includes a jumper for each pin pair of a jumper block. Buttons are configured to move sets of the jumpers into or out of position to short selected pin pairs of the jumper block. The buttons correspond to permissible settings of the jumper block.

A jumper block may be used in an electronic device to affect settings or selections for the electronic device. FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary jumper block 102, which includes pairs 106, 108, 110, and 112 of conductive pins disposed on a substrate 104. The pins are electrically connected to the electronic device (not shown). Shorting one or more pin pairs 106, 108, 110, and/or 112 affects a particular setting for the electronic device. A jumper is typically used to electrically short a pair of pins. An exemplary jumper 114 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. As shown in FIG. 2, a jumper 114 may comprise a housing 202 (typically nonconductive) with holes 204 that correspond to a pair of pins on the jumper block. The holes 204 are conductive and electrically connected within the housing 202. When jumper 114 is slid onto a pin pair (e.g., onto pin pair 112 as shown in FIG. 1), the jumper 114 shorts the pin pair (e.g., 112).
Jumper blocks are commonly used on electronic devices, such as computer mother boards. For example, a jumper block may be used on a computer motherboard to set which of two disk drive interfaces is to be master and which is to be slave. As another example, a jumper block may also be used to set input/output addresses, interrupts, and other settings on a motherboard. The foregoing are only a few examples of the use of jumper blocks to affect settings or selections on an electronic device. There are often multiple jumpers on a single jumper block that enable different settings.
Jumper blocks, however, are not always easy to use. For example, it may not be clear which pin pairs correspond to which settings or selections. For example, the orientation of the jumper block may not be clear. Incorrect settings may damage the electronic device. Moreover, the pins are often small and may break easily.

Method of simplifying placement of jumpers using templates


The present disclosure discloses a method and system for providing response to a user input. The system receives a user input, processes the user input by finding equivalents of the user input and dividing each of the user input and the equivalents into a frame. One or more keywords are generated for each of the one or more frames. Further, each of the one or more frames are classified into one or more domains present in a knowledge graph. Then, one or more objects are determined in each of the corresponding one or more domains based on the corresponding one or more keywords. Further, a processing means is determined for each of the one or more objects based on the metadata of the corresponding one or more objects. The processing means is processed by the system for providing response to the user input.

A data processing system is a combination of processes that receives a set of inputs and produces a defined set of output. The input may be provided by a user. User input may be in the form of a query. The data processing system processes the input, searches and retrieves the required data from databases, networks, Internet etc. associated with the data processing unit, to provide a response to the user input.
A tremendous increase is observed in the amount of information and its varied presence across multiple sources over networks, databases, Internet etc. Thus, it is difficult to readily obtain a correct response to a user query or input in existing systems. For a number of user queries, information is generally not available in readily usable form especially when the user queries are generic. For example, considering a scenario where a user wants to know number of people standing in front of a place at a particular time. A database does not exist from which the data processing system can retrieve the information as required by the user. The existing data processing systems provide response to the user input on the basis of the past data stored in a database and may not be able to fetch real time data. Thus, the existing data processing systems expect the response to be readily present in the database. The existing data processing systems are incapable of providing an intelligently analysed response to the user input or query in absence of readily available information from a database or a webpage.
The information disclosed in this background of the disclosure section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

Method and system for providing response to user input


The present invention is directed to a covering for a clamping assembly used to connect and ground solar panel modules to a mounting rail. The covering comprises a sleeve including an outer cover for connecting to the solar panel module and a connector shaped to be contained within the outer cover and connected to the outer cover through two or more flanges. The connector has an opening there through to receive a female member of the clamping assembly.

The installation of solar panel arrays on residential roofs can be arduous and time-consuming. Depending on the array design, the components required to install the array can make the installation process even more difficult. Many of the assembly components require special tools or are generally difficult to install because they are utilized after the solar panel modules are arranged or positioned on their support elements. This is particularly true when the elements must be installed on a roof that links to a rail guide for supporting the solar panel array.
In a typical support rail guide system, solar panel modules are arranged across the top of several rail guides. This may occur, for example, by using mounting clamps that secure solar panel modules along the top of the rail guide. The rail guides in turn are supported to a roof by flashings.
The clamping devices, like those disclosed in the '606 Publication, which this application incorporates by reference, are examples of clamping assemblies used to secure a solar panel module to the top of a rail guide. These clamping assemblies are typically installed as a mid-clamp within the solar panel array. When positioned along the lower end of the solar panel array, the clamp assembly is exposed and can have an unsightly appearance. The present invention provides a sleeve that fits and snaps onto the clamp assembly and covers the assembly so that the assembly can be used as an end clamp without exposing the parts of the assembly on the lower end of the array. The present invention is also easy to install, use, and manufacture.

Apparatus for securing and covering a clamping device for solar panel modules


A computer implemented method includes receiving an exception generated based on programming code, generating exception features from the received exception, the generated exception features being generated based on a set exception features derived from search logs, and executing a machine learning model on the received exception and generated exception features to provide information from the search logs identified as most helpful to resolve the received exception, wherein the machine learning model was trained on training data comprising extracted exceptions and the set of exception features derived from the search logs.

Software engineers spend a substantial amount of time using Web search to accomplish software engineering tasks. Such search tasks include finding code snippets, API documentation, seeking help with debugging, etc. While debugging a bug or crash, one of the common practices of software engineers is to search for information about the associated error or exception traces on the internet. Such searches can take a significant amount of time and require the developer to sift through results that may or may not be relevant to find the most helpful information to resolve the error or exception.

Automated exception featurization and search


A remote control apparatus is disclosed, in which a first remote control device and a second remote control device can be separated or combined. A configuration is also disclosed in which a remote control apparatus including a first remote control device and a second remote control device controls a display apparatus. Also disclosed is a display apparatus controlled by a remote control apparatus including a first remote control device and a second remote control device that can be separated or coalesce.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a remote control apparatus for performing remote control, and to a display apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
Various apparatuses are objects of remote control. Display apparatuses are one example of such apparatuses.
Recently, contents that can be viewed are remarkably increasing as a result of appearance of multichannel media according to digital broadcast, satellite broadcast and the like, new contents media, such as DVDs (digital versatile discs), and the like. On the other hand, the sizes of television picture surfaces are increasing as a result of the appearance of plasma display apparatuses and the like, and there is demand for an arrangement that would allow a plurality of viewers to view separate programs or contents on one television apparatus (television broadcast receiver).
In addition, as television apparatuses have come to have more and more higher functions, a remote control apparatus, having a very large number of buttons for complicated operations in order to operate the entire television apparatus and perform various settings, is required, resulting in an increase in the production cost, and difficulty in operation.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,493,008, its counterpart Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (Kokai) No. 2000-305543 (2000) disclose a configuration including a display apparatus for displaying multiple picture frames and a remote control device.

Display apparatus and remote control apparatus


Systems and methods for transmitting quantum and classical signals over an optical network are disclosed, wherein the quantum signal wavelength either falls within the classical signal wavelength band, or is very close to one of the classical signal wavelengths. The system includes a deep-notch optical filter with a blocking bandwidth that includes the quantum signal wavelength but not any of the classical signal wavelengths. The deep-notch optical filtering is applied to the classical signals prior to their being multiplexed with the quantum signals to prevent noise generated by the classical signals from adversely affecting transmission of quantum signals in the transmission optical fiber. Narrow-band filtering is also applied to the quantum signals prior to their detection in order to substantially exclude spurious non-quantum-signal wavelengths that arise from non-linear effects in the optical fiber. The present invention allows for the quantum and classical signals to have wavelengths within just a few nanometers of one another, which has benefits for both classical and quantum signal transmission on a common transmission optical fiber.

QKD involves establishing a key between a sender ("Alice") and a receiver ("Bob") by using either single-photons or weak (e.g., 0.1 photon on average) optical signals (pulses) called "qubits" or "quantum signals" transmitted over a "quantum channel." Unlike classical cryptography whose security depends on computational impracticality, the security of quantum cryptography is based on the quantum mechanical principle that any measurement of a quantum system in an unknown state will modify its state. As a consequence, an eavesdropper ("Eve") that attempts to intercept or otherwise measure the exchanged qubits will introduce errors that reveal her presence.
The general principles of quantum cryptography were first set forth by Bennett and Brassard in their article "Quantum Cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing," Proceedings of the International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing, Bangalore, India, 1984, pp. 175-179 (IEEE, New York, 1984). Specific QKD systems are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,307,410 to Bennett, and in the article by C. H. Bennett entitled "Quantum Cryptography Using Any Two Non-Orthogonal States", Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 3121 (1992). The general process for performing QKD is described in the book by Bouwmeester et al., "The Physics of Quantum Information," Springer-Verlag 2001, in Section 2.3, pages 27-33.
In a typical QKD system, Alice and Bob are optically coupled by an optical fiber that carries only the quantum signals. This facilitates detecting the quantum signals because there are no externally introduced sources of noise from other optical signals. However, incorporating QKD into existing optical networks requires that the quantum signals share the same optical fiber as "classical" (i.e., non-quantum) optical signals used in standard optical telecommunications. This complicates the QKD process because detecting the quantum signals is hampered by the presence of the classical signals as well as the relatively large amounts of noise they generate in the quantum channel.
One approach to transmitting quantum signals over an optical fiber populated by high-speed traffic in the form of classical signals is to transmit the quantum signals on a substantially different wavelength band than the classical signals. Such an approach is discussed in the article by Chapuran et al., entitled "Compatibility of quantum key distribution with optical networking," Proc. SPIE Vol. 5815 (2005), which article is incorporated by reference herein. The present state of the prior art teaches that the quantum and classical signals should be transmitted in wavelength bands separated by at least 150 nm. However, it is preferable to transmit both signals at much closer wavelengths. For example, in some cases it is advantageous to transmit both types of signals within the third telecom window (i.e., wavelengths around 1500 nm). The quantum signals benefit from the extended reach gained by operating near the optical fiber's maximum transparency wavelength (1550 nm) in this band. The classical signals also benefit from low attenuation as well as the wider variety of quality optical components available for these wavelengths, such as optical amplifiers.


Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for transmitting/receiving wireless energy in an energy transmission system. The apparatus includes: a transmitting controller configured to generate a wireless energy signal; a transmitting resonance body port configured to transmit the wireless energy signal; and a transmitting resonance body configured to transmit the wireless energy signal transmitted through the transmitting resonance body port to receiving apparatuses, wherein the transmitting controller transmits impedance control signals for controlling impedance of each of the receiving resonance body ports of the plurality of receiving apparatuses.

Field of the Invention
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relates to an energy transmission system, and more particularly, to an apparatus and a method for transmitting/receiving wireless energy using a magnetic resonance method.
Description of Related Art
An example of the multiple wireless energy transmission method in accordance with the related art may include a time division method and a frequency division method. The time division method sequentially transmits energy to a plurality of receivers by dividing time. When using the time division method, it may take long time to transmit energy to a plurality of receivers. The frequency division method for overcoming the disadvantages transmits energy to a plurality of receivers, respectively, through signals having different frequencies. The frequency division method requires signals having frequency components corresponding to the number of receivers and needs to have a wide bandwidth for transmission characteristic between magnetic resonance coils for transmitting the signals. However, the frequency division method requires a complex transmitter structure for generating a plurality of frequency components and is hardly configured to have a wide bandwidth for transmission using magnetic resonance.

Apparatus and method for transmitting/receiving wireless energy in energy transmission system

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH INSTITUTE


Disclosed is a computer implemented method and apparatus for handling transport control protocol connections. The local host receives a transport control protocol socket connection request from a host. By subtracting a current port connection from maximum port connections to form a difference, the local host calculates the threshold based the difference divided by the tunable divisor, the tunable divisor not equal to one. The local host then determines whether the current port connections exceeds the threshold. By responding to a determination that the current port connections exceed the threshold, the local host blocks the transport control protocol socket request based on the TCP socket connection request.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a computer implemented method, data processing system, and computer program product for connecting computers within a packet network. More specifically, the present invention relates to throttling to allow connections to one or more addresses of a data processing system in manner to preserve system resources and boost diversity among hosts allowed to connect to a local host.
2. Description of the Related Art
Modern data processing systems rely on packet switched networks to transmit data in various forms. One computer may exchange packets with a second computer using the transport control protocol and/or internet protocol (TCP/IP) set of protocols. These protocols permit a computer to respond to transport control protocol (TCP) socket connection requests by either accepting and allowing a connection or, alternatively, blocking the connection. A TCP socket connection request is a received synchronization packet from the host, having a synchronous idle character (SYN) flag set to one. SYN or SYN flag is a bit of a packet used to identify that the packet is a request for connection. Because a computer has finite resources, and each accepted request occupies a portion of the finite resources, a computer may not necessarily be able to handle all connection requests made to the computer. Resources include, for example, memory, processor time, disk space, etc.
Responding to a request, a computer may fork or otherwise execute additional processes to handle accepted connection requests. Once a computer accepts sufficient connection requests so many resources may be occupied that the computer becomes unusable because of competition among the resultant processes for resources. Some conditions that may cause this issue can include disk thrashing, deadlock, among others.
Prior art systems were developed that cause a computer to limit accepted connections such that no single requester or host is permitted to occupy 50% of the maximum port connections of the computer. A second host, in such prior art systems, is permitted to occupy 25% of the maximum port connections. Successive requesters are accordingly allowed connections based on ever-diminishing thresholds or caps for each host. FIG. 1 A illustrates the progression of a hypothetical 10 requesters in a system having a limit of 1000 maximum port connections for a monitored port(s). The diversity of such a system is limited to 10 hosts before the maximum established connections are reached.
The prior art systems allow connections when the following inequality is true: MAXIMUM_PORT_CONNECTIONS-CURRENT_PORT_CONNECTIONS≧CURRENT_HOST_CONNECTIONS
When an incoming TCP socket connection request arrives on a port, the computer tracks the number of connections used by a particular Internet Protocol (IP) address on a particular TCP port. The source IP address in a TCP socket connection request is the requesting host, while the targeted TCP port is the monitored port. Current port connections a number, for example, CURRENT_PORT_CONNECTIONS, that is the dynamically maintained value of existing port connections established at the local host for a host. A host an abstract concept of a sender for packets on a network. This abstraction permits a single computer to operate as a sender for packets that correspond to one or more hosts. A host may be a computer identification corresponding to an IP address associated with a source address field of a packet. Thus, a computer having an IP address of 192.168.0.1 can be a host. The same computer can also provide packets having alternate IP addresses, for example, 192.168.0.2. Nevertheless, a more typical configuration is that a single computer may correspond to a single host.
A maximum port connections is a maximum number of connections that a computer may support for a monitored port or grouping of monitored ports. A monitored port or group of monitored ports are ports that a limit is set applicable to a number of TCP connection requests that can be concurrently allowed.
MAXIMUM_PORT_CONNECTIONS is a convenient name in the formula above for maximum port connections. A TCP connection request that is allowed at a computer is in an active open state. A system administrator can set the maximum port connections.
The current host connections, or CURRENT_HOST_CONNECTIONS as used in the formula above, is a number of connections established to a host. Accordingly, in the examples given above, the host 192.168.0.1 can have 500 connections, while the host 192.168.0.2 can have 250 connections. Accordingly, the prior art may limit, in the instance where MAXIMUM_PORT_CONNECTIONS is 1000 such that the sum of current port connections of 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.0.2 with additional hosts are limited to 1000 before the computer or local host blocks additional connections.
As can be seen in this example, the prior art computer progressively limits the allowed number of connections for hosts until host #10 may be allowed a single connection. If a denial of service attack were to be mounted against the computer, the most computers needed to occupy all the maximum port connections is 10 in this example. The declining proportions shown here is the most rapid reduction in proportion of allowed connections for successive attackers or hosts allowed by the prior art. It may be advantageous to diminish the proportion of allowed connections as a function of additional attacker/hosts as compared a proportion allowed by the prior art.

TCP connection resource diversity using tunable geometric series

International Business Machines Corporation


An electrolytic device and to a method for operating an electrolysis of water with at least one electrolysis cell, the electrolysis cell having an anode compartment having an anode and a cathode compartment having a cathode. The anode compartment is separated from the cathode compartment by a proton exchange membrane. The anode compartment is suitable for holding water and oxidising the water on the anode to form a first product including oxygen and the cathode compartment is suitable for holding water and reducing the water on the cathode to a second product including hydrogen. Furthermore, the electrolysis device includes a first gas precipitation device for precipitation of oxygen, the first gas precipitation device for carrying out a natural water circulation being arranged above the electrolysis cell.

An electrolyzer is an apparatus which brings about a conversion of matter using electric current (electrolysis). In accordance with the variety of different electrolysis operations, there is also a large number of electrolyzers, for example an electrolyzer for hydrogen electrolysis.
Current considerations are directed to producing substances of value using excess energy from renewable energy sources at times when there is a lot of sun or a lot of wind, that is to say using above-average solar power or wind power generation. One substance of value may in particular be hydrogen, which is generated using water electrolyzers. The hydrogen can be used for example to produce what is known as P2G gas.
This involves a (hydrogen electrolysis) electrolyzer firstly generating hydrogen using electrical energy, in particular from wind energy or solar energy. Thereafter, the hydrogen is used together with carbon dioxide in a Sabatier process to produce methane. The methane can then by way of example be fed into an already existing natural gas network and in this way enables storage and transport of energy to the consumer, and can thus relieve the load on an electrical grid. As an alternative to this, the hydrogen generated by the electrolyzer can also be immediately used further, for example for a fuel cell.
In an electrolyzer for hydrogen electrolysis, water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen. In a PEM electrolyzer, distilled water as starting material is typically supplied on the anode side and split into hydrogen and oxygen at a proton-permeable membrane (proton exchange membrane; PEM). In this case, the water is oxidized at the anode to oxygen. The protons pass through the proton-permeable membrane. Hydrogen is produced on the cathode side.
The water should be conveyed constantly into the anode space and/or cathode space here, in order to ensure a uniform distribution of the water in these spaces and hence also an effective electrolytic cleavage of the water. The water is typically conveyed by pumps. Disadvantageously, pumps require regular maintenance. In addition, the pump rate has to be regulated depending on the pressure in the electrolysis cell in order to achieve a uniform starting material throughput. This disadvantageously requires additional control technology, making the construction of the electrolyzer more complex. In addition, the pumps consume electrical energy, which adversely reduces the overall efficiency of the electrolysis.


The object of the present invention is to provide silicon doped metal oxide particles for UV absorption, which average molar absorption coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm, is enhanced. Provided is silicon doped metal oxide particles in which the metal oxide particles are doped with silicon, wherein an average molar absorption coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm, of a dispersion in which the silicon doped metal oxide particles are dispersed in a dispersion medium, is improved as compared with similar metal oxide particles not doped with silicon.

Oxide particles change characteristics such as ultraviolet absorption characteristics by selecting a type of metal elements or metalloid elements contained in the oxide particles. Accordingly, the oxide particles are a material used in a wide range of fields such as paints and films, or sunscreens and lipsticks and foundations in the cosmetic field, which are used for outer walls of building materials, signboards, vehicles or glasses by utilizing the oxide particles' characteristics. In recent years, when used for paints, etc. used in exterior walls of building materials, signboards, vehicles and the like, demands for the above ultraviolet absorbability as well as vividness of colors and excellent designability are increasing. When used for application to human bodies as in cosmetics and the like, demands for the above ultraviolet absorption ability as well as aesthetics, textures, and safeties are also increasing.
In general, regarding the ultraviolet absorption ability, a large amount of ultraviolet lights can be absorbed in a smaller amount, as absorption per unit mass in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm is higher, that is, as the "molar absorption coefficient" is larger. Therefore, when the molar absorption coefficient is large, the ultraviolet absorption ability similar to or greater than that of the original state can be exhibited in a small amount, so that a haze value can be decreased and transparency of a coating film or a film can be enhanced.
Therefore, the following methods or products have been developed. One of them is a method of micronizing oxides such as iron oxide and zinc oxide (see Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2). As a method of improving an ultraviolet absorption ability of ultraviolet absorption materials, disclosed are zinc oxide particles containing silicon (Si) in the zinc oxide particles produced by performing the step of mixing a solution dissolving an alkali metal hydroxide in an alcohol and a zinc salt solution in the presence of a compound having Si to obtain the zinc oxide particles (Patent Literature 3); an oxide containing iron in zinc oxide (by doping) (Patent Literature 4); a method of shifting the ultraviolet absorption region to the long wavelength side by doping a metal oxide with a component derived from cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), bismuth (Bi) or the like (Patent Literature 5).
However, although transparency of a microparticle dispersion can be improved by micronization as proposed in Patent Literature 1, the ultraviolet absorption ability is low, and complete absorption or block of the ultraviolet light of 380 nm or less is difficult. Therefore, a large amount of ultramicroparticles must be used per unit area, and the film thickness becomes too thick, and the amount used becomes large, and thereby a problem of lacking practicality exists other than the problem of the transparency etc. Moreover, the zinc oxide described in Patent Literature 2 aims at expressing high whiteness, and the described specific surface area of 10 m2/g to 30 m2/g can be converted to the particle diameter of 100 nm to 300 nm as spheric particles. Since the particles are coarsened by the described heat treatment at 400° C. or higher, it is difficult to realize high transparency, though the white concealing property is ensured. Furthermore, the zinc oxide particles containing silicon (Si) in the zinc oxide particles described in Patent Literature 3 are produced by a general batch method, and a precipitation speed of a compound having zinc oxide and Si which differs depending on concentration, pH, etc. is not controlled, so that it is assumed that it is difficult to incorporate Si into the inside of zinc oxide particles. Although it is recognized according to Table 2 and FIG. 1 of Patent Literature 3 that the absorption edge in the ultraviolet region of the wavelength 380 nm or less is shifted to the short wavelength side when the ratio of SiO2 contained in the zinc oxide is higher, at the same time the transmittance in the same ultraviolet region is increased and the molar absorption coefficient has not been improved. Further, Patent Literature 4 discloses that the desired iron containing ultramicroparticle zinc oxide can be obtained by performing the heat treatment at 300° C. to 600° C., however, coarsening of the particles is confirmed at the heat treatment at 300° C. to 600° C., and improvement of the molar absorption coefficient is difficult. Further, the transmittance in the visible light region disclosed in Patent Literature 5 is low, and the ultraviolet absorption ability is evaluated as having a transmittance of 30% or less in a wavelength range of 400 nm, but the ultraviolet absorption ability in UV-A, B and C has not be evaluated, therefore, its practical use is difficult.
Further, Patent Literature 6 filed by the present applicant discloses a method of producing single crystal zinc oxide particles, and Patent Literature 7 filed by the present applicant discloses a method of producing precipitates in which the doping element is controlled. By using a forced thin film type microreactor in which materials are mixed between two processing surfaces being capable of approaching to and separating from each other and rotating relative to each other, a raw material solution and a precipitation solvent can be instantaneously mixed, diffused, and reacted. Since the nanoparticles precipitated by the reaction in the forced thin film can give the desired energy uniformly at the molecular level, there is an effect of easily obtaining single crystal particles or particles with a controlled amount of the doping element. However, sufficient investigations for controlling the molar absorption coefficient have not been made with regard to oxide particles doped with a metal element and complex oxides, and control factors have not been clarified. Moreover, the above technical problems cannot be solved only by the contents disclosed regarding doping oxide particles with silicon.
Furthermore, the ultraviolet absorption ability of the oxide which is actually required to use as a composition for ultraviolet absorption, should be originally evaluated by an average molar absorption coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm. However, in the above conventional techniques, transmittance of lights in the ultraviolet region was evaluated, or an average molar absorption coefficient in a single light was evaluated. Therefore, it was difficult to design properly an appropriate amount and a formulation of an ultraviolet absorption agent necessary for obtaining the desired composition for ultraviolet absorption.

Silicon doped metal oxide particles, and composition for UV absorption comprising silicon doped metal oxide particles


An A/D converter stage including an A/D sub-converter connected to a D/A sub-converter (12) is calibrated by a method that inserts a calibration test sequence into the D/A sub-converter. This is accomplished by forcing (SW) the comparators (COMP1-COMP7) of the A/D sub-converter to generate and insert the sequence into the D/A sub-converter.

The maximum achievable accuracy-speed performance of any A/D converter is limited by non-ideal effects associated with its building blocks. Typically, the performance is limited by settling time, finite amplifier gain, and/or component mismatch. When designing high-speed, high-accuracy A/D converters, these limitations impose stringent demands on building blocks, leading to prolonged design time and lower yield.
Many non-ideal effects can be compensated for by using calibration, which relaxes the demands on the building blocks while increasing the overall performance. The trend today is to employ calibration which operates on the digital output of the A/D converter, since digital signal processing is robust and can be implemented at a low cost due to the scaling of modern CMOS processes. However, the difficulty is often how to accurately acquire calibration coefficients to be used in the calibration algorithm that makes up for the non-ideal effects of the analog components.
A popular and efficient method to determine the calibration coefficients for pipeline, sub-ranging and cyclic A/D converters employs switching of the internal digital-to-analog converter (D/A converter) elements of the stages to be calibrated by specific calibration test sequences to be able to characterize the critical components and extract calibration coefficients, see [1].
To acquire calibration coefficients, the normal digital thermometer code from an A/D sub-converter to the corresponding D/A sub-converters is replaced by the calibration test sequence. By this arrangement, each D/A sub-converter element can be controlled by the calibration circuitry and the response and weight of each D/A sub-converter element can measured by the resolution and accuracy of the succeeding stages. Once the errors from finite gain amplifiers and the D/A sub-converter element mismatches have been captured, they can be removed from the digital output. The calibration procedure usually starts at a certain stage in the pipeline chain and moves forward to the first stage. Thereby the accuracy of the measuring device is increasing as the calibration process proceeds. Ideally, there is no limitation in the achievable accuracy for a pipeline A/D converter with an infinite number of pipeline stages. However, noise, drift, and non-linear behavior will restrict the achievable accuracy in physical implementations. The starting stage of the calibration process is typically the stage where the non-ideal errors become in parity with the quantization error of the later stages used for the measurements. Since the switching of the D/A converter elements is performed at normal clock rate, the internal dynamic behavior is also monitored and errors from imperfect settling are suppressed as well. A similar calibration procedure is used for cyclic converters, but here the data circulates so that the stage that is calibrated is also used for the measurements.
A problem with the described method is that extra logic is required on the time critical thermometer code bus. This results in an extra signal delay, which has a negative impact on the maximal achievable sample rate.

A/D converter calibration test sequence insertion


A radiation imaging device which, as a whole, can be further reduced in size and thickness with the area of an imaging area sufficiently achieved. A scintillator film 2 emitting light with a predetermined wavelength in response to an incident of radiation is accommodated in a case 5 while being sandwiched between an image sensor 1 and a circuit board 3. The image sensor 1 is provided such that its photodetecting section 11 is in contact with the scintillator film 2 and its electrode section 12 is projected and exposed to the outside from the scintillator film 2. The electrode section 12 is electrically connected by a wire 6 to an electrode section 32 of the circuit board 3.

Radiation imaging systems using CCDs in place of X-ray sensitive films have spread as medical X-ray diagnostic apparatuses. In such a radiation imaging system, two-dimensional radiation image data is acquired as electrical signals by using a radiation imaging device having a plurality of pixels, and the signals are processed by a processor and displayed on a monitor.
As a radiation imaging device such as a dental device which is used by being inserted into the oral cavity, there is known a radiation imaging device of a type disclosed in Patent Document 1. In this radiation detector, an image sensor including a solid-state image pickup device such as a CCD is disposed on a wiring substrate made of ceramic, glass, or epoxy, and a scintillator which converts radiation into light such as visible light detectable by the image sensor is disposed on a photosensitive surface of the image sensor.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 2001-330678

Radiation imaging device and radiation imaging method


A transmitting and receiving apparatus including a transmitting system and a receiving system which prevents fluctuations in insertion losses caused by changes in transmission power, while obviating the need for the provision of a battery and a current control circuit for providing a switching current, and suppresses losses in the transmission system so as to improve the power efficiency, and also decreases the cost of parts. The transmitting and receiving apparatus having a transmitter and a receiver sharing a single antenna is configured as follows. A circulator is provided at a feed point of the antenna between the transmitting system and the receiving system. Also, a changeover switch is disposed between a terminating resistor connected to ground and a point where the circulator and the receiver are connected so that the changeover switch can be automatically switched to the terminating resistor in response to input power supplied from the transmitter during transmission.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a transmitting and receiving apparatus wherein an antenna is shared by a transmission system and a receiving system, and more particularly to an automatic switching arrangement for interconnecting the transmission system, the receiving system, and the antenna.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the field of mobile communications, a transmitting and receiving apparatus is used in which a single antenna is shared by its transmitting and receiving systems. In this type of apparatus, a switching or duplexing method is employed for separating the transmitting and receiving systems to avoid mixing the transmitted and received signals.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a conventional transmitting and receiving apparatus including digital communication equipment using the time division multiple access (TDMA) and time division duplex (TDD) systems. In this transmitting and receiving apparatus generally indicated by 20, a changeover switch 22 is disposed in the feed line to a single antenna 21, and is connected to a transmitter 23 and a receiver 24, whereby the antenna 21 can be connected to either the transmitter 23 or the receiver 24 through the switch 22. Also, an isolator 25 is connected between the switch 22 and the transmitter 23 for preventing the generation of intermodulation (IM) due to reflection of a transmitted signal as well as for avoiding unstable operation of a power amplifier (PA) caused by load fluctuations.
FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of the changeover switch 22. The switch 22 includes coupling capacitors C1 to C3 and a high-frequency short-circuiting capacitor C4. A 1/4-wavelength high-impedance line L1 is short-circuited at one end by the capacitor C4 at high frequencies, thus making the impedance of the input terminal of switching power viewed from the other end P1 infinite and resulting in the input terminal being in an open state at high frequencies. The switch 22 also has diodes D1 and D2 and a 1/4-wavelength stripline L2 having characteristic impedance ZO which is equal to a circuit impedance, generally 50 .OMEGA..
An explanation will now be given of the transmitting and receiving operation of the changeover switch 22. In the transmitting operation, a switching current is allowed to flow through the switch 22 so as to turn on the diodes D1 and D2. This causes a point P3 to be short-circuited to ground through the diode D2, whereby a portion of the circuit viewed from a point P2 at one end of the stripline L2 toward the receiving circuit has an infinite impedance and is in an open state at high frequencies. On the other hand, since the points P1 and P2 are short-circuited to each other through the diode D1, a transmitted signal from the transmitting circuit is radiated from the antenna 21. This transmitted signal is partially absorbed in the isolator 25, thereby preventing the IM generation and unstable PA operations.
In a receiving operation, the switching current is discontinued to turn off the diodes D1 and D2. Accordingly, the points P1 and P2 are disconnected from each other by the diode D1, and the point P3 is disconnected from ground by the diode D2. Thus, a received signal input through the antenna 21 can be completely conducted to the receiving circuit.
However, the transmitting and receiving apparatus of the above conventional type requires a battery for providing a switching current in order to switch between the transmitting and receiving operations and also requires a current control circuit. This deteriorates the power efficiency of the transmitting and receiving apparatus and also shortens battery life. Further, the provision of a current control circuit inevitably enlarges the overall apparatus and increases its cost. There is also a problem of low reliability in the performance of the apparatus, for example, since any erroneous operation of the current control circuit renders the apparatus inoperable.
A measure that has been considered but has not yet been published or patented, to overcome the above-described drawbacks inherent in the conventional apparatuses, may be the use of a changeover switch 30 as illustrated in FIG. 9 for automatically switching between the transmitting and receiving systems depending on an output voltage of a transmitting signal. The switch 30 includes diodes D3 to D6 and a 1/4-wavelength stripline L3 having characteristic: impedance Z0. This switch 30 takes advantage of the fact that the transmitting power is greater than the receiving power. For example, in the Personal Handyphone System (PHS), the peak receiving power is several dozens of .mu.W, while the transmitting power is approximately 100 mW.
The transmitting and receiving operation of the switch circuit of FIG. 9 will now be explained in connection with its application to the PHS system by way of example.
During a transmitting operation, a high-frequency signal having approximately 100 mW of power is outputted. By the use of diodes that are turned on by 10 mW of power, a, the diodes D3 to D6, one of the diodes D3 and D4 or one of the diodes D5 and D6 is accordingly turned on when the transmitted signal exceeds 10 mW. Which diodes are on, from among diodes D3 or D4, and D5 or D6, depends on the polarity of the voltage: a positive voltage turns on the diodes D3 and D5, while a negative voltage turns on the diodes D4 and D6. At this time, a branch point P4 and the terminal of the transmitting circuit are electrically connected through the diodes D3 and D4 at high-frequencies. A point PX is short-circuited to ground through the diodes D5 and D6 so that the impedance of a portion viewed from the point P4 to the receiving circuit can be infinite, thus resulting in this portion being in an open state. Hence, a transmitted signal is mostly radiated from the antenna, and partially reflected by the antenna and absorbed in the isolator before returning to the transmitting circuit.
On the other hand, during a receiving operation, all the diodes D3 to D6 are turned off, since the receiving power inputted from the antenna is only several dozens of .mu.W. Thus the point P4 is disconnected from the terminal of the transmitting circuit by the diodes D3 and D4 and also the point P5 is disconnected from ground by the diodes D5 and D6. Accordingly, a received signal inputted from the antenna can be completely sent to the receiving circuit.
In this manner, the configuration of the changeover switch 30 makes it possible to eliminate the need for the provision of a battery and a current control circuit for providing a switching current. This improves the power efficiency of the transmitting and receiving apparatus, thereby avoiding an increase in the size and cost of the apparatus, as well as enhancing the reliability of its performance.
Diodes have different signal passing characteristics depending on input power; in general, a larger amount of power passing through a diode decreases its insertion loss (I. L.). In the foregoing conventional changeover switch 22, however, since a large amount of power is supplied from a battery, the I. L. is substantially constant regardless of the power of a transmitted signal. However, if automatic switching is performed according to the power of the transmitted signal, as in the changeover switch 30, the I. L. is susceptible to varying, and more specifically, a smaller amount of power increases the I. L., thereby causing a degradation in the performance of the overall apparatus.
Moreover, whichever switch 22 or 30 is used, a signal passes through the switch during a transmitting operation, which increases losses in the transmission system and further degrades the power efficiency. A switch having high isolation characteristics is also required for switching between the transmitting and receiving systems, thereby increasing the cost of parts.

Transmitting and receiving switch comprising a circulator and an automatic changeover switch which includes an impedance circuit


A method for charging a non-aqueous metal air battery comprising:                if the voltage across the battery is lower than a first threshold voltage, charging (P1) the battery by applying a constant current to the battery having a first value until reaching the first threshold voltage,        if the voltage across the battery is comprised between the first threshold voltage and a second threshold voltage higher than the first threshold voltage, charging (P2) the battery by applying a constant current to the battery having a second value until reaching the second threshold voltage, the second value being lower than the first value,        if the voltage across the battery is higher than the second threshold, charging (P3) the battery by applying to the battery at least one value of constant voltage.

In the present application, the word battery may be directed at a battery pack comprising a plurality of assembled battery cells or also at a battery comprising a single cell.
Also, it should be noted that a non-aqueous metal air battery does not comprise water (or a quantity as small as a few ppm).
An individual battery cell of a non-aqueous metal air battery comprises:                A metal anode (preferentially lithium),        A non-aqueous electrolyte comprising:                    A solvent or a mixture of solvents chosen from the list comprising: ethers based such as 1,2-Dimethoxyethane (DME or monoglyme), Glymes (diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme . . . ), or ionic liquids—such as N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl-ammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide (DEME-TFSI), N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide (PP13TFSI),N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide (PP14TFSI), etc., or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or dimethylacetamide (DMA), etc.            A salt of metal (preferentially Li+, such as LiTFSI (lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide), LiFSI, LiClO4, LiPF6, LiNO3, etc.)            A soluble catalyst, sometimes called redox mediator, such as for example, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DD8Q), tetrathiofulvalene (TTF), tris[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]amine (TDPA), 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl (TEMPO), 2-azaadamantane-N-oxyl (AZADO), phthalocyanine (FePc), 10-methylphenothiazine (MPT), bromide (Br−) and iodide (I−) or Co(Terp)2, quinones, etc.) which may operate by relying on the electro-chemical oxidation of the mediator, which itself in a second step chemically decomposes the Li2O2.                        A porous air cathode (using O2 as the main reactant), comprising an electric conductor (carbon, for example in the form of carbon particles or carbon nanotubes, or a precious metal (Au, etc), or carbon protected or coated by a precious metal such as Au, or nickel or titanium carbide), a binder, and sometimes a solid catalyst (Au, Ru, Mo, MoC2, Cr, Co3O4, MnO2, etc.).
It is generally considered that the cathode is the support for the following reactions:
1) During the discharge, O2 is consumed to form Li2Ox:2Li+(x/2)O2→Li2Ox
More precisely, the above reaction occurs in several steps in which the first one corresponds to the formation of O2− radicals:O2+e−→O2−
2) During the charge, O2 is released:Li2Ox→2Li+(x/2)O2
However, it should be noted that during the electrochemical processes performed by the battery, side reactions may occur. For example, O2− radicals may react with solvent molecules composing the electrolyte and thus form side reactions products such as lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), lithium formate, or lithium acetate, etc. The electric potential of the battery may thus suddenly increase, which leads to bad rechargeability of the battery, and poor capacity retention.
Most notably, it has been observed that CO2 gas can unwantedly appear during the charge of a battery when the above mentioned voltage increases. This CO2 is detrimental to the battery, participates to the degradation of the battery and shortens the lifetime and capacity performances of the battery for the next battery cycles.
Document KR 20130112315 discloses a method for charging a battery using a constant current. The battery of this document contains water and is not applicable to non-aqueous metal air batteries. Also, the solution disclosed in this document is not satisfying enough.
It is a primary object of the disclosure to provide methods and systems that overcome the deficiencies of the currently available systems and methods.

Method for charging a non-aqueous metal air battery using constant currents or constant voltages, and corresponding device


Techniques for data manipulation using processor cluster address generation are disclosed. One or more processor clusters capable of executing software-initiated work requests are accessed. A direct memory access (DMA) engine, coupled to the one or more processor clusters, is configured, wherein the DMA engine employs address generation across a plurality of tensor dimensions. A work request address field is parsed, where the address field contains unique address space descriptors for each of the plurality of dimensions, along with a common address space descriptor. DMA addresses are generated based on the unique address space descriptors and the common address space descriptor. Memory using two or more of the DMA addresses that were generated is accessed, where the two or more DMA addresses enable processing within the one or more processor clusters.

Collection of personal and other data is commonplace. The data, often obtained without the knowledge or consent of an individual, is collected while people are engaging with others in public spaces, interacting with their electronic devices, or now with increasing frequency, even while residing within their homes. An individual may be using her smartphone to track stock or commodities prices, while another person is using his tablet to access energy conservation media. Metadata from personal device usage is collected irrespective of the user's interaction with the device. Data and metadata include details regarding websites visited; products and services searched, viewed, or purchased; menu items selected; and radio buttons clicked. The data is collected and analyzed for purposes including monetization. The analysis results are used to push media content, products, or services that have the highest match to predicted user interests. The rate of collection of personal and other data is rapidly accelerating due to emerging software analysis techniques and processor architectures. Government officials, researchers, and businesspeople aggregate and analyze the collected data datasets, or "big data". The big data datasets are immense and far exceed the capabilities of traditional processors and analysis techniques, rendering the analysis economically infeasible. Further data handling requirements include the access, capture, maintenance, storage, transmission, and visualization of the data, any one of which overwhelms the capacities of the traditional systems. Stakeholders would find little or no data value without viable and scalable data analysis and handling techniques.
Innovative hardware and software techniques for data handling are required. Dataset owners or users are motivated to analyze the data, based on their economic and intellectual interests. Examples of data analysis applications include business analysis; disease or infection detection, tracking, and control; crime detection and prevention; meteorology; and complex scientific and engineering simulations; among many others. Advanced data analysis techniques now find applications such as predictive analytics, which can be used to show consumers what they want, frequently before the consumers even know that they want it. Further approaches include applying machine learning and deep learning techniques in support of the data analysis. Improved processors and learning techniques have expanded and benefited many computer science disciplines including machine learning and deep learning, image and audio analysis, and data processing. Machine learning can be performed on a network such as a neural network. The neural network "learns" by processing the big data datasets. The greater the quantity of data, and the higher the quality of the data that is processed, the better the outcome of the machine learning. The processors used to execute the machine learning techniques are designed to efficiently handle the flow of data. These processors, which are based on data flow architectures, process data when valid data becomes available.
Reconfigurable hardware can be used for computing architectures that are highly flexible and particularly well suited to processing large data sets, performing complex computations, and executing other computationally resource-intensive applications. Reconfigurable computing incorporates key features drawn from both hardware and software techniques. A reconfigurable computing architecture can be "recoded" (reprogrammed) to suit a processing need. The recoding adapts or configures the high-performance hardware architecture, much like recoding software. A reconfigurable fabric hardware technique is directly applicable to reconfigurable computing. Reconfigurable fabrics may be arranged in topologies or configurations for the many applications that require high performance computing. Applications such as processing of big data, digital signal processing (DSP), machine learning based on neural networks, matrix or tensor computations, vector operations, Boolean manipulations, and so on, can be implemented within a reconfigurable fabric. The reconfigurable fabric operates particularly well when the data includes specific types of data, large quantities of unstructured data, sample data, training data, and the like. The reconfigurable fabrics can be coded or scheduled to achieve these and other processing techniques, and to represent a variety of efficient computer architectures.

Multidimensional address generation for direct memory access


Techniques for detecting path failures and reducing packet loss as a result of such failures are described for use within a data center or other environment. For example, a source and/or destination access node may create and/or maintain information about health and/or connectivity for a plurality of ports or paths between the source and destination device and core switches. The source access node may spray packets over a number of paths between the source access node and the destination access node. The source access node may use the information about connectivity for the paths between the source or destination access nodes and the core switches to limit the paths over which packets are sprayed. The source access node may spray packets over paths between the source access node and the destination access node that are identified as healthy, while avoiding paths that have been identified as failed.

A computer network is a collection of interconnected computing devices that can exchange data and share resources. In a packet-based network, such as an Ethernet network, the computing devices communicate data by dividing the data into small blocks called packets, which are individually routed across the network from a source device to a destination device. A variety of intermediate devices operate to route the packets between the computing devices. For example, a computer network may include routers, switches, gateways, firewalls, and a variety of other devices to provide and facilitate network communication.
As one example, in a typical cloud-based data center, a large collection of interconnected servers provides computing and/or storage capacity for execution of various applications. For example, a data center may comprise a facility that hosts applications and services for subscribers, i.e., customers of the data center. The data center may, for example, host all of the infrastructure equipment, such as compute nodes, networking and storage systems, power systems, and environmental control systems.
In most data centers, clusters of storage systems and application servers are interconnected via a high-speed switch fabric provided by one or more tiers of physical network switches and routers. Data centers vary greatly in size, with some public data centers containing hundreds of thousands of servers, and are usually distributed across multiple geographies for redundancy. A typical data center switch fabric includes multiple tiers of interconnected switches and routers. In current implementations, packets for a given packet flow between a source server and a destination server or storage system are typically forwarded from the source to the destination along a single path through the routers and switches comprising the switching fabric. In a large scale fabric, failure rates are often significant, even if single component failure rates are quite small. Recovery from failure may involve control plane software updating forwarding tables to address detected failures. However, updating forwarding tables can take a relatively long time.

Resilient network communication using selective multipath packet flow spraying


An oriented polyester film coated on at least one surface with a coating that improves its adhesion to water-based coatings is disclosed. The coating contains at least one sulfopolyester; at least one tetrablock copolymer resin; and at least one acrylamide/acrylic acid copolymer or salts thereof. Other ingredients, such as particulate materials and surfactants, may be present in the coating. The coating is preferably applied at the interdraw stage.

Films of polymeric linear polyesters have excellent draw orientation and have proved especially well suited for biaxial film orientation. These polymeric films, especially those of polyethylene terephthalate or PET, are strong and have excellent inherent chemical and thermal properties. In addition, they have good optical clarity, toughness, and static properties, which makes them extremely suitable for use as substrates for ink jet printing. For this application, the film can be transparent, or it can be pigmented with, for example, barium sulfate to have a high gloss.
For ink jet printing the film is coated with an ink receptive coating. As described, for example, in Atherton, European Patent Publication 698,502, the ink receptive coating typically comprises a cellulose derivative, such as hydroxyethyl cellulose or methyl cellulose. Other water soluble components, such as poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), and poly(ethylene oxide) may also be present in the ink receptive coating. However, unprimed polyester film is not very receptive to coating with hydrophilic materials. Adhesion between the hydrophobic unprimed polyester film and the hydrophilic ink receptive is poor.
The polyester film is pretreated to improve its adhesion to the ink receptive coating. An underlayer that improves the adhesion of the film to the ink receptive coating is coated onto the film. Pretreatments that improve the adhesion of polyester films to solvent-based coatings have been disclosed in, for example, Pears, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,244,270, and 4,391,767. However, these pretreatments are not effective for water-based coatings. Thus, a need exists for a pretreatment that will improve the adhesion of polyester films to water-based coatings.

Interdraw pretreatment for polyester film


A linear drive system with an associated cover system wherein said linear drive system comprises a load, a lead screw, a lead nut operatively engaged to said lead screw such that said lead nut can travel along said lead screw by virtue of rotation of the lead nut, a load engaging structure means connecting the lead nut to the load such that as the lead nut travels along the lead screw, the load is moved, and motor means operatively engaged with the lead nut such that said motor means operates to rotate the lead nut, thereby moving the load.. A cover system an opening formed by two surfaces. Said cover system has a bridge structure, which can be a roller assembly, which is supported by structural means over and across the width of the opening. A band is positioned to cover the opening and is also mounted over the bridge structure. As the bridge structure is moved along the opening, the band is lifted from the opening, thereby allowing access to the opening by a device.

1. Field of Invention
This invention relates to linear drive systems and covers for elongated openings.
2. Description of Prior Art
One purpose of this present invention is to provide a simple and effective means to create linear motion. Frequently, linear drive systems are utilized in machines such as, but not limited to, gantry robots, automated welding machines, automated milling machines, and automated painting machines. Often, lead screws with lead nuts are utilized to move loads in these machines. In such implementations, the load is structurally connected to the lead nut and the load is moved by rotating the lead screw.
These implementations have several disadvantages. First, lead screws often have substantial mass and width and much power is required to move the load because of the inertia of the lead screw. Second, such an implementation often suffers from lead screw whipping. Third, multiple loads utilizing the same lead screw, where linear motion is generated only by rotation of the lead screw, cannot move independently. The present invention avoids these problems by rotating the lead nut, rather than the lead screw.
The purpose of this present invention is to provide a low-cost cover for an opening, yet allow access to the opening by a device or structure which travels along said opening.
Machines which include devices which travel along openings, where the devices and/or openings should be covered to prevent exposure to dust, etc., often utilize bellows or telescoping covers. These types of covers have the distinct disadvantage of taking space at the ends of the openings when in a compact position. Therefore, the structural member or members creating the opening must be longer than otherwise required in order to provide room for the cover. These types of covers are also expensive to employ, and the present invention provides a low cost solution to the problem.
Applicants have located prior art in the form of United States patents which may interest the examiner, although applicants believe that none of the prior art located anticipates nor renders obvious the present invention. The present invention utilizes a substantially stationary band as a cover, which is lifted from an opening by a bridge structure to allow access to the opening. None of the United States patents located by applicants utilize such a stationary band. The United States patents located by applicants are as follows:
a. U.S. Pat. No. 4,403,534, to Altendorf et al., on a movable protective hood for power tool of a work tool machine;
b. U.S. Pat. No. 4,543,021, to Adler, on a safety shield for a milling machine, drill press, and the like;
c. U.S. Pat. No. 4,813,462, to Linn, on an apparatus for confining and removing dust and other debris from a work region of a machine;
d. U.S. Pat. No. 4,802,392, to Striebig, on a method of extracting the wood dust collecting in vertical panel saws;
e. U.S. Pat. No. 4,613,261, to Maier et al., on a router tool;
f. U.S. Pat. No. 4,051,880, to Hestily, on dustless routers;
g. U.S. Pat. No. 3,824,890, to Zettler et al., on a chip guard for machine tools;
h. U.S. Pat. No. 3,366,012, to Richter, on a machine tool guard structure; and
i. U.S. Pat. No. 3,022,806, to Johnston, on a router dust guard.


A cooking appliance includes a base, and lower and upper cooking plates pivotally mounted to the base such as to permit: (a) the upper cooking plate to be pivotted to an open position with respect to the lower cooking plate for introducing and removal of food articles between the cooking surfaces of the two cooking plates; (b) the upper cooking then to be pivotted to a closed position with respect to the lower cooking plate for contacting the food article between the cooking surfaces of the two cooking plates; and (c) both plates to be pivotted to any desired angular position with respect to the base for drawing fluids from the food article while being cooked between the cooking surfaces of the two cooking plates.

The present invention relates to cooking appliances in which food articles are cooked between cooking surfaces of two cooking plates. The invention is particularly useful in grilling appliances for grilling meat, and is therefore described below with respect to this application.
Many different types of electrical grilling appliances have been developed and are described in the patent literature, as shown, for example by U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,181,455, 5,606,905, 6,016,741 and 6,192,788. However, efforts are continuously being made for health reasons to more efficiently remove grease and other fluids emanating from the food article during its grilling, and/or for reducing the grilling time, as well as for more conveniently controlling the grilling process.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Cooking appliance particularly useful as a grilling appliance for grilling meat products


An apparatus and method for identifying digital communications, or analog communications which have been converted to digital, having content considered to be abnormal, undesirable or otherwise inappropriate. The use of specific words are analyzed in the context in which they were used. Digital communications may be monitored and continuously updated to reflect the likelihood that the originator of the message or message stream is engaged in inappropriate communications. Monitoring may be directed to online chat room conversations, email messages or messages posted to an online bulletin board. The level of digital conversation may be correlated to a color scheme indicative of the normality of the conversation. This color scheme may then be used to determine if the ability of a particular user to continue to provide messages should be limited. In this manner, a single individual performing a monitoring function may easily monitor a plurality of text-based conversations. Various embodiments are described.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates in general to a system and method for identifying information and more particularly, to a system and method for monitoring and analyzing communications.
2. Description of the Related Art
Advances in technology have led to the widespread practice of exchanging information and electronic interaction via computer networks such as the World Wide Web (WWW) or the Internet. However, with this improved method of communication has come a heightened risk for inadvertently transmitting sensitive information. For example, the proliferation of email-based interaction has increased the risk of employees transmitting sensitive information to unauthorized persons. Similarly, real-time communication in the context of Internet chat rooms and electronic message boards has increased the risk of individuals divulging information about themselves or others that they may not have otherwise disclosed in a different setting.
This increased risk of inadvertently divulging sensitive information is particularly pronounced in the context of children interacting online with individuals they do not know. While the Internet has provided a powerful medium by which children are able to meet and communicate with other children having common interests, online chat rooms and the like have also served as havens for those with more sinister intentions.
The methods currently available to combat these issues are primitive, often requiring individuals to physically read through text which has been previously transmitted and captured in a database. In the employee email context, employers often resort to physically scanning their employees' email files for evidence of unauthorized information transfers. More sophisticated chat room monitoring systems flag keywords and store their occurrences in a database for later review. However, administration of such systems is extremely cumbersome and their effectiveness has been limited. This use of keyword flags to identify abnormal communications is simply ineffectual to properly evaluate the normality of a given conversation since the context in which the keywords are used is ignored. Rather, to obtain a true value of the normality of a conversation, the context in which the keywords are used must be considered and given an appropriate weighting.
Thus, what is needed is a system and method which overcomes the aforementioned problems by providing a reliable and context-sensitive system for monitoring text-based communications.

System and method for identifying information


An optical disc has a plurality of sectors, where each of the plurality of sectors includes a plurality of frames. A sub information bit value of “0” or “1” is assigned to the plurality of frames constituting a sector, excluding the first and last frames. Edge positions are displaced so that leading/lagging errors appear in accordance with a certain rule when data fields of the frames to which the sub information bit value “1” is assigned are read. Edge positions are displaced so that leading/lagging errors appear in accordance with a reversal of the certain rule when data fields of the frames to which the sub information bit value “0” is assigned are read.

The traders of DVDs containing digital contents such as movies are on their guard against the distribution or sale of pirated discs produced by unauthorized parties. Such pirated discs are produced with the use of two driving apparatuses. More specifically, a DVD containing a digital content is inserted into one (first) driving apparatus, and an optical disc is inserted into the other (second) driving apparatus. While the first driving apparatus obtains a read signal by reading the digital content from the DVD and converts the read signal into digital data, the second driving apparatus generates a write signal in accordance with the digital data, and writes a copy of the digital content onto the optical disc in accordance with the write signal.
The above operation is performed for each track on the whole (entire) data recording area of the DVD while the two discs are rotated in synchronization with each other by the spindle motors of the two driving apparatuses. In this way, a pirated disc containing a complete copy of the digital content in the DVD is produced. Typically, digital contents are recorded on DVDs after being encrypted by a standardized technique called a contents encryption method. It is thought that decrypting such digital contents is difficult. This contents encryption method, however, is invalid for the above-introduced pirated-disc producing technique since the digital contents, together with the encryption key, are copied as they are encrypted. If pirated discs are produced in an organized manner to allow thousands of pirated discs to appear on the market, copyright owners of digital contents will be damaged heavily.
Another technique for preventing the production of pirated discs superposes an encryption key by using jitters that appear on the read signal obtained from DVDs. General driving apparatuses convert read signals into digital data after correcting jitters by using a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL). Accordingly, if digital contents are copied by the above-mentioned pirated-disc producing technique using two driving apparatuses, the copies cannot be reproduced since the copied discs lack encryption keys.
However, when a DVD containing a digital content recorded by the other technique is reproduced, natural jitters appear on the read signal, as well as the jitters superposed as the encryption key. Such jitters may cause erroneous bits or bit shifts to prevent proper reproduction of the optical disc. This is especially the case for conventional reproduction apparatuses that cannot recognize jitters as an encryption key.
It also possible that the natural jitters are recognized as part of the encryption key to cause erroneous bits of the encryption key. When the encryption key is recognized erroneously due to this, the digital contents recorded on the DVD cannot be decoded. This damages the reliability of DVD and the reproduction apparatus.

Optical disc, recording apparatus and method, and reproduction apparatus and method

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


A gutter bracket assembly includes a fascia bracket and a gutter bracket for rotating a gutter to effect cleaning debris therefrom. The fascia bracket including a rear panel adapted to be affixed vertically to a fascia board, a bottom panel extending from the rear panel, and a receiving portion located at an end of the bottom panel remote from the rear panel and including a first pivot member. The gutter bracket includes a frame member having a second pivot member. There is also provided a mechanism for attaching the first pivot member to the second pivot member for permitting rotation of the gutter bracket about the receiving portion of the fascia bracket so that the gutter bracket may be rotated between a first, rain-gathering position and a second, inverted position for emptying water and/or debris from the gutter. The gutter bracket includes a mechanism for securing the gutter to the frame member solely by a snap-fit of a portion of the frame about a portion of the gutter.

The invention relates to rain gutters that may be inverted in order to dump accumulated debris.
Since the rain gutter was invented, various attempts have been made to provide a device that would facilitate the cleaning of accumulated debris from gutters. Many of these efforts have centered on rather complicated mechanical linkage systems, examples of which can be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,116,008 and 4,117,635, that are utilized to invert the gutters and cause accumulated debris such as leaves and twigs to fall out. The aforementioned linkage systems, however, are somewhat expensive and generally require the use of a specialized rain gutter. Furthermore, such systems would require much time and effort for installing the devices.
Efforts to reduce the complexity and cost of gutter dumping systems have led to the use of hinged bracket assemblies that permit the gutter to be manually inverted with the use of a long pole-like tool. Examples are seen in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,309,792; 4,311,292; and 4,669,232. U.S. Pat. No. 4,199,121 discloses an invertible rain gutter that requires force to be applied to a plurality of points in order to accomplish the inversion of the rain gutter.
While some of these systems provide structural simplicity, they require fully equipped professional installers to mount them on buildings, including a portable roll-forming machine to form new gutters from aluminum coil stock at each job site. Then the gutters must be attached to the hinge assemblies with either pop-rivets or nuts and bolts.
Furthermore, in order to function properly, these hinge assemblies require a portion of the hinge (or some form of bracket) to pass across the top of the gutter. Otherwise, the gutter would lack the required longitudinal rigidity provided by the standard sleeved 7" nails, normally used to secure the gutter to the fascia. Such brackets, however, create an obstruction for the free fall of debris when the gutter is inverted in order to empty its contents. (See for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,669,232; 4,311,292, 4,309,792 and 4,014,074).
Other examples of inverting gutters are illustrated in the following U.S. Pat. Nos.: 3,037,767; 4,072,285; 4,561,616; 3,616,582; 4,019,290; and 4,413,449.


An Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) which is adapted to inhibit the formation and growth of non-emissive areas known as “dark spots.” The OLED comprises an anode disposed on a substrate, a cathode, an electroluminescent (EL) layer disposed between the anode and the cathode and a hole transport layer disposed between the anode and the EL layer. The OLED has one or more dielectric organic barrier layers disposed between one or more of the OLED's layers. These barrier layers are made from an organic polymer and are adapted to resist permeation by oxygen and moisture and to inhibit metal migration.

A typical OLED consists of two electrodes with one or more polymer layers disposed between the electrodes. As shown in FIG. 1, these devices commonly include the following layers, arranged in the following order:                (i) a substrate 2 often made from plastic or glass;        (ii) an anode 3 disposed on the substrate and commonly made from a transparent conductive material, which may be an organic material or an inorganic oxide such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO);        (iii) a hole transport layer 5 disposed on the anode;        (iv) an electroluminescent (EL) layer 6 disposed on the hole transport layer; and        (v) a cathode 8 disposed on the EL layer, the cathode being made from a first layer 9 of Calcium or Magnesium and a second layer 10 of Silver or Aluminum.
The anode 3 is biased positively with respect to the cathode 8. In use, the electrons and holes are injected into the EL layer 6, where they migrate in the electric field until they recombine to produce a photon. The total organic layer thickness is usually around 50-150 nm, and the bias is about 2-20 V. The anode 3 is typically transparent and the work functions of the cathode materials are chosen to match the energy levels of the polymer HOMO for the anode and LUMO for the cathode. Hence, the materials most widely used for OLED cathodes are calcium, magnesium and aluminum and lithium alloys.
In recent times considerable improvements have been made in the materials and device architecture of OLEDs, which has resulted in devices with luminance values exceeding 100,000 cd/m2 and external quantum efficiencies in excess of 4%. These new generation devices have been found to be useful in large area illuminators and flat panel displays.
Although remarkably stable electroluminescent (EL) devices have been demonstrated operating in inert environments, the lifetimes of such devices have been limited by the formation and growth of non-emissive areas known as "dark spots."
A number of factors contribute to the formation and growth of dark spots. One such factor is cathode defects such as pinholes. These pinholes are often formed during resistive-heating evaporation. The oxidized cathode reduces the electron injection efficiency of the device and a higher driving bias is therefore needed. This significantly increases the chance of local shorting. Although sputtering is one of the methods commonly used in the semiconductor industry for the deposition of cathodes, this technique has, until now, not been suitable for OLEDs. This is because OLEDs are extremely sensitive and are damaged by the radiation, charging, heating and ion bombardment involved in the sputtering process. Although sputtering produces cathodes with few or no pinholes, it has not been used on OLEDs because of the damage caused by the technique.
Another factor in dark spot formation and growth is the evolution of oxygen and moisture in the OLED materials and its permeation through the device during operation. The diffusion of moisture and oxygen through the layers of the OLED is a significant cause of the growth of dark spots on the cathode. Magnesium and Calcium are often used as cathode materials in OLED devices because of their low work function. However, Calcium and Magnesium are very sensitive to oxygen and water vapor. The dark spot and defect growths are due to the oxygen and moisture produced within the OLED materials which then permeate through the various layers and substrates and reacts with the electrodes.
An additional factor in dark spot growth is the migration of the electrode materials during electrical stress. This metal migration causes peaks of electrical shorts and strong electrical fields in various parts of the OLED.
A further factor which contributes to the formation of dark spots is local heating. This heating is often caused by high currents. It expedites material failure, increases the possibility of inter-diffusion of the organic layers and leads to dark spot growth.
A further problem faced by prior art OLEDs is that they do not have very good polymer stability. One of the more significant degradation mechanisms in conjugated polymers has been found to be photo-oxidation. Such photo-oxidation induces the chain scission of the vinyl double bond on the polymer backbone thereby reducing the conjugation length by the formation of carbonyl groups, resulting in lower photoluminescence efficiencies.
In recent times it has been found that the performance of OLEDs is enhanced not only by the proper selection of organic materials but also by the efficient carrier injection of electrodes and the controlled electron-hole recombination within a well-defined zone. Research that has focused on increasing the charge injection and carrier confinement has led to significant improvements in device performance.
FIG. 2 shows an advanced form of such prior art OLEDs which consists of a multi-layer, high efficiency, structure. In addition to the layers labeled with common numerals to those of FIG. 1, the advanced prior art OLED also includes an electron injecting layer 15 and a dielectric layer 14.
The electron injecting layer 15 is disposed between the electroluminescent (EL) layer 6 and the cathode 8 and serves to efficiently control hole and electron injection.
The dielectric layer 14 is disposed between the anode 3 and the hole transport layer 5. If the thickness of the dielectric layer 14 is within tunneling thickness, the effective barrier to electron injection is lowered and the injection of holes to the emitting layer is reduced. As a result, this lowering of the effective barrier to carrier injection leads to more balanced injection of electrons and holes and the quantum efficiency of the OLED increases.
This more advanced prior art OLED device therefore exhibits superior luminescence and efficiency. However, because these advanced OLEDs also exhibit dark spot formation and growth they therefore have a relatively short lifespan.
There is therefore a need for an improved OLED which is adapted to inhibit the formation and growth of dark spots.

Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) including a barrier layer and method of manufacture

Agency for Science, Technology and Research


In accordance with the present technique, a system and method for configuring pins of an input/output (I/O) card in a host system are provided. The method includes reading configuration information from a card field replaceable unit memory and reading system configuration information from a system field replaceable unit memory. Additionally, the method includes configuring pins of a system logic of the host system to be compatible with the I/O device of the I/O card, and configuring pins of an I/O device on the I/O card to in turn configure the pins of the I/O card with a configuration setting compatible with the host system.

This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art, which may be related to various aspects of the present invention that are described or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present invention. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art.
Computer systems are used in nearly every business, home and school to increase productivity, enhance education, provide entertainment, and to facilitate communication, among other things. With the wide variety of uses, it is not surprising that a wide variety of computer hardware and software is available to customize computers according to the desires and needs of those using the computers. One hardware device, in particular, that allows for the customization of a computer system is an input/output (I/O) card and computer systems may be configured to receive one or more I/O cards. The I/O cards may be configured to operate as network interface cards, storage controller cards, or a graphics cards, for example.
A host interface allows an I/O card to communicate with a computer. In recent years, the peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) interface has become the de facto standard host interface for I/O cards. PCIe is a point-to-point protocol, as opposed to a bus protocol, meaning each I/O card has a dedicated communication path with the host chipset. When a computer's system board is designed, the host interface from the system board's chipset are permanently allocated to all the I/O card slots within that system. The permanent allocation of the host interface may limit the use of the chipset's bandwidth when an I/O card not specifically designed for the system is placed in a slot. In order for the I/O card slots to be more versatile, i.e., to support a myriad of I/O cards, the I/O card slots need to be as high bandwidth as possible. Conventionally, in order to make a particular I/O card compatible with a particular system, pin groups are added to the I/O card.

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


With a method according to the invention for monitoring a parking permit of a motor vehicle, it is determined whether the motor vehicle is in a parking situation in which a parking authorization pass is necessary for a parking permit, and on the occurrence of such a parking situation the presence of a parking authorization pass is checked for and a first information signal is output to a driver of the motor vehicle in the absence of the parking authorization pass. The invention also relates to a device for monitoring a parking permit of a motor vehicle.

Disclosed herein is a method and a device for monitoring a parking permit of a motor vehicle.
Public parking spaces are increasingly limited in their use. Thus, e.g., especially in urban areas, the use of parking spaces is restricted to certain groups of people such as, e.g., residents, and/or use of parking spaces is restricted to certain periods of time or to a limited time duration. Also, parking fees are charged for the use of public or private parking spaces. In general, a parking authorization pass, which must be visibly displayed in the vehicle, is necessary as evidence that a motor vehicle is parked legitimately in such a parking space. The visible display of the parking authorization pass in the motor vehicle provides for simple checking of the parking permit by an officer of the car park operator. Such a parking authorization pass can, e.g., be a resident's parking pass, which provides residents with permanent or temporary parking in a particular parking space, a parking ticket that can be obtained from a parking ticket machine or even a parking disk, which is set to a time of arrival and allows for determination, using said information, of whether a maximum permissible parking time is exceeded.
In all the cases mentioned, it is necessary that a parking authorization pass is visibly displayed in the motor vehicle no later than when leaving the motor vehicle if the parking authorization is not permanently affixed. In particular, it is necessary that an adequate parking ticket is acquired for the duration of the parking after parking a motor vehicle in a parking space managed with a parking ticket machine, and that the parking ticket is, e.g., displayed behind the windscreen of the motor vehicle so as to be externally visible. However, there is the possibility that the parking ticket can be forgotten by the driver of the motor vehicle, e.g., because the driver has not noticed that it is a chargeable parking space, or because the driver has actually purchased a parking ticket but has failed to display the same visibly in the motor vehicle.
It is known from DE 10 2010 003 890 A1 that, depending on a recorded parking position of a motor vehicle in a recognized parking situation and with specified parking prohibition information, it is determined whether the motor vehicle is in a current or future valid parking prohibition zone or even on a chargeable parking space. If the motor vehicle is in a parking prohibition zone, a signal for signaling the parking prohibition is generated. If the motor vehicle is in a chargeable parking space, specified parking charge information is retrieved from an information database and an actual parking time duration is detected. Depending on the actual parking time duration and the specified parking charge information, a parking charge is determined and an instruction to pay the parking charge is forwarded to a specified charging system. This enables a driver of the motor vehicle to be reminded of a parking prohibition zone; furthermore, payment of the parking fees in a convenient manner can be provided. However, adaptation of the infrastructure of the car park or of the charging system of the car park operator is necessary for this purpose.

Monitoring a parking permit of a motor vehicle