A sewing machine that has at least one needle which moves with alternating motion, taking the upper thread through the piece to the sewn, a shuttle to hook an upper thread to form a loop below the piece to be sewn, a bobbin housing in a bobbin-case located internally in the shuttle, the bobbin containing a lower thread which overlaps the upper thread through the loop, two mutually independent levers which act on the upper thread and are mobile with periodic motion between a position where the upper thread is allowed to be fed to the shuttle and a position of complete recovery of the upper thread in which the loop is closed to form a stitch, the upper thread being synchronized with movement of the levers by periodic tension.

Sewing machines of this type are widely distributed and their method of operation is well known. In practical terms, taking a single-needle machine as an example for the sake of simplicity, the stitches are formed by interlocking an upper thread fed by the needle which moves with reciprocating action through the piece to be sewn, with a lower thread unwinding from a bobbin inside a shuttle or crochet which moves with a reciprocating or rotary action through a loop formed by the upper thread. When the two threads have formed the stitch, they are tensioned by a tensioning device and another device advances the piece being sewn by a stitch-length.
The terms "shuttle" or "crochet" used with reference to sewing machines generally refer to a rotating or oscillating mechanism with a hook which receives and hooks the upper thread carried by the needle, forms a loop and passes it around a bobbin-case which is housed in the shuttle and houses in turn a little bobbin on which the lower thread is wound. These elements are arranged to allow the loop to pass around the lower thread and the stitch to be formed once the loop is tightened. These operations are repeated at each revolution of the sewing machine thus effecting the sewing.
The device for tensioning the threads to form the stitch is usually a take-up lever which moves alternately up and down, drawing out the upper thread to supply thread for the formation of the loop on its downward stroke, and pulling the same thread in again on its upward stroke to tighten the loop formed by the shuttle.
All the actions of the moving parts, in particular the movements of the needle, the shuttle and the take-up lever, are synchronised in order to allow the correct operation of the machine.
One of the main limitations of the known sewing machines is that the lower bobbin thread is rapidly used up and the replacement operation is long, complex and troublesome; suffice it to recall that the bobbin must be changed on a standard industrial machine from 20 to 30 times during the working day.
It is known that the size of the shuttle, the bobbin-case and hence the bobbin are necessarily limited by the necessity of recovering the upper thread to close the loop. The limit is set by the stroke of the thread take-up lever which corresponds substantially to the length of the loop formed by the shuttle.
In the present art, various attempts have been made to overcome these limitations, providing in particular a number of passes of the upper thread between the same thread take-up lever and a series of fixed thread-guides in such a way as to multiply the length of upper thread recovered at each cycle. Some examples of the machines based on these ideas are described in the UK Patent Application N.sup.o GB 2027762, the French Patent N.sup.o FR 1000704 and the U.S. Pat. No. 4070976.
However, the simple multiplication of the thread recovered by multiple passes between a mobile thread take-up lever and fixed thread-guides has not always lead to correct closing of the loop. For this reason, the resultant stitching is substantially irregular, and of unsatisfactory quality. This is due to the fact that the solutions proposed in the prior art do not take account of the factors which influence the closing of the stitch.
Account must be taken of the extension of the upper thread as a result of the elasticity of the same when the thread take-up lever recovers the upper thread and closes the loop formed below the shuttle. The extension of the upper thread must be considered as a function of the total length of the portion of thread recovered during the cycle. This phenomenon increases in importance as the speed of sewing increases, hindering the efficient use in the industry of machines which use the multiplication of the recovered upper thread as described above.
Furthermore, the friction which is experienced by the upper thread as it passes repeatedly over the lever and the fixed guides causes differences in the tension of the thread upstream of any such pass and the tension downstream of the same pass. While faking all possible steps to reduce the friction of the thread (such as lapping the eye-holes or lining them with low-friction material), the total friction increases with the number of passes over the lever or guides, hindering correct control of the tension during the closing of the loop.
Another drawback of the sewing machine according to the prior art occurs when a particularly delicate thread, e.g. silk or the like, or particularly thin thread is used. In such cases, the thread take-up lever which recovers the upper thread exercises a tension on a particularly long section of the same thread. As a result, a certain section of upper thread is subjected to tension for a high number of cycles, often causing the thread to break. This drawback often means that continuous sewing for more than 30-40 cm without the upper thread breaking is not possible.

Sewing machine with thread tensioning and take up levers


A ski-type exercise or therapy apparatus for use with liquid contained within a pool having walls utilizes a frame positionable in a stationary condition with respect to the walls of the pool and a pair of pump assemblies wherein each pump assembly includes a piston and a cylinder within which the piston is slidably received for movement therealong in conjunction with the movement of a corresponding foot of an individual between two positions of movement. A port provides flow communication between the interiors of the cylinders so that as the piston is moved along the cylinder in conjunction with the motions of the individual's foot during an exercise or therapy routine, liquid flows between the interiors of the cylinders by way of the port. By controlling the flow of liquid between the interiors of the cylinders by way of the ports, the motions of the individual's feet during the exercise or therapy routine can be controlled.

This invention relates generally to exercise and therapy apparatus which is used in conjunction with a liquid medium, such as water, and utilizes the liquid medium to resist or generate motions of an individual during an exercise or therapy routine.
One type of exercise apparatus with which this invention is concerned is an underwater ski-type exercise machine having feet-supporting members mounted for linear movement along guide tracks as the user simulates the motions of a cross country skier. As the feet-supporting members are moved along the guide track in response to the motions of the user's legs and feet, the water within which the exercise machine is positioned resists the movement of the feet-supporting members and, consequently, the exercise motions of the user. An example of such an underwater ski-type exercise machine is shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,217,420.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved system for use with an exercise apparatus wherein the liquid of a pool is used to resist the motions of an individual during the performance of an exercise routine performed with the apparatus.
Another object of the present invention to provide such a system wherein the degree of resistance offered by the liquid medium to the exercise motions of the individual can be altered or wherein the motions generated with the use of the system for moving the limbs of an individual during a therapy routine can be altered.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide such a system which is well-suited for use in conjunction with underwater exercise apparatus wherein the muscles of the user effect the movement of selected components of the apparatus or for use in conjunction with an underwater therapy device wherein motions generated with the aid of the system effect movement of selected limbs of the user.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide such a system which is well-suited for use in conjunction with an underwater ski-exercise apparatus.
A further object of the present invention is to provide such a system which is uncomplicated in construction, yet effective in operation.
A still another object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved ski-type exercise apparatus which utilizes the system of the invention.

Liquid resistance or therapy system for use with an exercise and/or therapy apparatus


Systems, computer program products, and methods are described herein for software compiler integrity verification. The present invention is configured to retrieve, from a source code repository, a source code; process, using a first build machine, the source code into a first object code; process, using a second build machine, the source code into a second object code; initiate an integrity verification engine on the first object code and the second object code; decompile, using the integrity verification engine, the first object code to create a first decompiled object code and the second object code to create a second decompiled object code; compare the first decompiled object code with the second decompiled object code; determine a match between the first decompiled object code and the second decompiled object code; and transmit an approval notification.

Most software testing, including source code security and integrity testing, implemented during the software developmental lifecycle happens earlier in the development lifecycle. This is done so that development teams may be able to discover significant problems, including architectural flaws in the source code before they become too expensive to fix. However, implementing source code security and integrity testing earlier in the development lifecycle may leave the source code vulnerable to misappropriation during later stages of the development lifecycle, such as the code compilation process. There is a need for a system for software compiler integrity verification.

System for software compiler integrity verification


A metadata tree structure having a plurality of nodes (slabs), each node containing a MD table. Each of the MD tables has a plurality of entries. Each of the entries in the MD tables represents a contiguous range of block addresses and contains a pointer to a cache slot storing a date block corresponding to the block address, or an indicator to indicate that the corresponding data block is not stored in a NVRAM cache slot. Each MD table also contains a block address range indicator to indicate the contiguous range of block addresses, and at least one pointer to point to any parent or child nodes. In an alternative embodiment, the pointer of each MD entry may point to a disk address if the data is not in cache. For such an embodiment, portions of the MD store may be stored to disk.

A conventional data storage device contains an array of disk drives for data storage, a controller for controlling access to the disk array, and a cache memory. The cache memory is used for storing recently accessed data so as to provide quick access to data that is likely to be accessed in the near-term without having to access the disk on every occasion. When a data access request is received, the storage device first attempts to satisfy the request using the cache, before using the disk array. For example, when a READ operation is referencing data that is already in cache, the data will be returned directly from the cache. For WRITE operations, the data is written into the data cache, replacing previous versions of the same data, if any, within the cache. Since a particular file or block of data may be located on the disk or in the cache, the storage device typically includes Metadata (MD) that registers all data blocks currently in the cache and, therefore, indicates whether a data block is on the disk or stored in cache. If the data block is in the cache, the MD indicates where the data block is stored in the cache. The MD also indicates the current state of the data block (i.e., whether or not it has been "flushed" to disk).
Since fast access is required to both the data cache and the MD store, both are typically stored in random access memory (RAM). Because it is important that the data cache and the MD store not be lost in the event of an unexpected power failure, the RAM is typically non-volatile RAM (NVRAM). Because NVRAM is expensive, only a limited amount is available in a storage device. This means that the more NVRAM is used to store MD, the less is available for actual data.
Typically, the data cache is divided into fixed size 'slots', and the MD store is divided into fixed size 'entries'. In conventional design, there is typically a one-to-one matching between slots and entries. Typically the MD may be organized as a table with an implicit association (direct mapping) between the MD entries and the data cache slots. That is, each MD entry is statically associated to a particular data cache slot, and the data block relating to a MD entry is implicitly contained in the data block slot thus associated with the entry. Alternatively, the MD may be organized in a fully associative manner in which each MD entry in the table also includes a pointer to an arbitrary data cache slot. When a data access request for a particular data block is received at the storage device, the array controller looks in the MD structure to find an entry that contains the block address. The entry contains the pointer to the data cache slot containing the corresponding data block.
Such organization for the MD has a substantial drawback in that because the MD requires a fixed size (i.e., an entry for each data cache slot), the array controller cannot dynamically divide the NVRAM between the data cache and metadata according to application need.
The process of locating a given block address in the MD structure is typically done in one of the two ways. One is that, the controller simply searches through the MD table entries until it finds a match. This method may present performance problems because it may require searching a large number of MD entries. The other method of locating a given block address in the MD structure employs a hash function to map groups of block addresses into particular metadata entries. Each block address can be mapped to exactly one entry, but multiple addresses can be mapped to the same entry. A block address field within the entry determines the actual data block being represented by the entry. In the case where the hash function maps every block address to a different entry, a direct mapping results. The hash function approach can result in conflicts, where multiple heavily-used block addresses that happen to be mapped to the same MD entry keep forcing their corresponding data blocks to be evicted from the data cache (because the MD entry can only describe one particular data block at any time), even if there is plenty of free space left in the data cache. A direct-mapped hash function eliminates such conflicts, but can waste a lot of metadata store, since a entry must be reserved for each VBA at all times, regardless of whether it is ever used or not.
Typical storage devices divide a disk into a number of discrete storage areas known as virtual logical units (VLUs) each of which supports an independent virtual block address (VBA) space. Therefore every user data block in the array is uniquely identified by referenced to a particular VLU and a VBA. The MD structure must therefore include VLU information to be able to support such multi-VLU configurations.
This need may be facilitated by logically dividing the MD store into separate tables for each VLU. Given a block address (VLU#, VBA), the array controller performs the MD lookup in the appropriate partition of the MD store. However, partitioning the MD store can result in inefficient use of the NVRAM. For example, a busy VLU cannot make use of the MD entries (and, consequently, the one-to-one-matched data cache slots) allocated to idle VLU's.
Alternatively, the MD store need not be partitioned, but the entire MD store may be included in one table where each may represent any user data block from any VLU. In such case, the lookup function may be based on a combination of both the VLU# and VBA. If such an implementation employs a hash function, it may suffer from another kind of conflict where the same VBA from different VLUs force one another out of the cache.

Memory-efficient metadata organization in a storage array


An arrangement for the cooling of computer data centers. More particularly, the arrangement eliminates the problems present in the uneven or inadequate cooling of computer racks due to unwanted airflows, which are encountered between so-called hot aisles and cold aisles present in a computer data center. Specifically, this problem is solved through the provision of partitions which, under normal circumstances, prevent the unwanted airflows by standing in a vertical orientation, yet which, in the event of a fire, collapse from the vertical orientation to a horizontal orientation, thereby avoiding interference with water sprays from sprinkler heads, and thus complying with fire codes and ordinances. Moreover, also employed is a method of preventing the unwanted air flows by utilization of the novel arrangement comprising the fire-code-compatible, collapsible partitions.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an arrangement for the cooling of computer data centers. More particularly, the invention relates to an arrangement that eliminates the problems present in the uneven or inadequate cooling of computer racks due to unwanted airflows, which are encountered between so-called hot aisles and cold aisles present in a computer data center. Specifically, this problem is solved through the provision of partitions which, under normal circumstances, prevent the unwanted airflows by standing in a vertical orientation, yet which, in the event of a fire, collapse from the vertical orientation to a horizontal orientation, thereby avoiding interference with water sprays from sprinkler heads, and thus complying with fire codes and ordinances. Moreover, also employed is a method of preventing the unwanted air flows by utilization of the novel arrangement comprising the fire-code-compatible, collapsible partitions.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
In the current state of the art, computer data centers frequently contain a plurality of computer racks arranged in rows with aisles therebetween. The racks in any one of the rows are typically cooled by forced convection of air that flows from one of the two aisles adjacent to the row (called the cold aisle) to the other adjacent aisle (the hot aisle). To obtain alternating cold aisles and hot aisles, airflow in every other row is oppositely directed, so that any two adjacent rows either draw cold air from a common cold aisle, or exhaust hot air to a common hot aisle. A problem with this arrangement is that unwanted airflows may occur, over the tops of the rows, from the hot aisles, where air is at a relatively high temperature and pressure, to the cold aisles, where air is at a relatively low temperature and pressure. Such unwanted flows cause the cold aisles to be contaminated with hot air, which may be drawn into the computer racks, thus compromising cooling of electronics components therein.
In the prior art, to alleviate the foregoing problem, permanent vertical partitions have been erected above the rows to prevent the unwanted airflows. However, such permanent structures generally violate fire-code requirements or ordinances which stipulate that, during a fire, the gap between the top of the racks and the ceiling must be unencumbered, so as to avoid interference with spray patterns of water emanating from sprinkler heads located near the ceiling.

Fire-code-compatible, collapsible partitions to prevent unwanted airflow between computer-room cold aisles and hot aisles

International Business Machines Corporation


Embodiments of the present application disclose a device-to-device (D2D) communication method, a resource assignment method, and apparatuses thereof. The D2D communication method comprises: determining a use state of a first resource, where the first resource is used to perform D2D communication; and sending first information correlated to the use state by using at least one first resource unit (RU) in the first resource, wherein the at least one first RU is an RU at at least one first preset position in the first resource. For the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of the present application, transmission of a resource at a specific position is used to indicate a use state of a D2D resource, so that at the same time when the basis for achieving relatively high resource use efficiency is provided, particularly the basis for resource adjustment is provided in the absence of cellular network coverage.

As a critical candidate technology for 5G, D2D communication has potential prospects of improving system performance, improving user experience, and extending cellular communications applications and has received wide attention. D2D communication based on a cellular network (or referred to as proximity service (ProSe)) means that user data can be directly transmitted between user equipment (UE) without being relayed by a network.
As shown in FIG. 1, for D2D scenarios, according to whether a base station completely controls D2D devices, partially controls D2D devices or completely controls no D2D device at all, application scenarios may be classified into three categories, that is: a scenario (shown by a solid-line ellipse) in which a base station (eNB) completely covers D2D devices, a scenario in which a base station partially controls a D2D device, and a scenario (shown by a dotted-line ellipse) in which a base station does not control a D2D device at all, as shown in FIG. 1. Because there are these three different coverage cases and different device deployment cases (dense deployment, normal deployment, and sparse deployment), how to assign resources to D2D devices is a great challenge for D2D communication. In particular, for a scenario of completely no coverage of a base station, at the same time when backward compatibility needs to be supported, it needs to be ensured as much as possible that system complexity does not increase, and the adaptability to dynamically changing environment needs to be as high as possible, for example, how to determine a period of device discovery, how to find a usable resource to perform device discovery, and how to adjust these parameters to adapt to different scenarios of device discovery in the absence of assistance from a base station are problems that are to be considered and resolved.

Device-to-device communication method, resource assignment method, and apparatuses thereof


Crash scene measurement, documentation, and analysis is used to determine crash dynamics and causes in order to determine fault, liability, and prevention methods. The device to be patented is a low cost, compact system that significantly enhances the speed and accuracy of crash scene documentation, and it is applicable to aviation, highway, railway, and vessel crashes. The system will use highly accurate, kinematic, Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) measurements to locate crash scene elements and reference points with a relative measurement error of less than two centimeters (0.79 in.). Using a government DGPS reference signal (National DGPS, US Coast Guard) or locating the reference module on a geodetic marker, allows the absolute location of the scene to be determined with an error of between three to five meters. Once the scene is measured, the device automatically develops accurate dimensions, scene drawing, and a standard report of the crash.

The present invention relates generally to an automated measurement and documentation system, in particular, to a method and apparatus for automated measurement and documentation of crash scenes.
Crash scene analysis is performed to determine the causes and circumstances of crashes in order to make the transportation mode safer in the future, and to determine criminal and civil liability. The position and orientation of vehicles, vessels, aircraft, and their pieces relative to each other and the scene features is important in attempting to determine the crash dynamics and cause.
Currently, crash scene measurements are done manually with wheel and tape measures. The data are recorded by hand and the analysis is done through manual calculation. The results of the measurements and calculations are captured on hand drawn sketches. The scene elements can only be located relative to each other and any nearby landmarks. Scene measurements are two dimensional, providing only a projection of the scene on an artificially flat landscape. Usually it takes more than one person to survey a crash scene; a helper holds the end of the tape and helps record measurements. The hand drawn sketches are not in a standard format making it very difficult to correlate multiple incidents, store the data, and transmit the data. Although the crash scene researchers are well trained, the number of manual operations in the measurement and analysis are a source of inefficiency and errors.
To improve its processing of these important data, the present invention will automate the process, and provide accurate, rapid, crash scene measurement, analysis, and documentation. The present invention will require only one documenter and provide for much faster scene measurement and documentation, which will minimize the labor cost. The present invention will maximize measurement accuracy while minimizing measurement errors by automatically recording precise Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements and providing step-by-step process prompts to the user. Unlike manual scene documentation, the measurements are made in a universal coordinate system that has well known transformations to local datums. This allows the absolute position of the scene to be located even where there are no reference landmarks such as in the desert, and provides for the possibility of recreating the scene in the future at the proper position and orientation. The data are three-dimensional allowing much more accurate scene documentation. Unlike the manual methods, the present invention automates the scene position and dimension calculations, as well as the scene drawing so that it provides, in near real-time, the accident scene report and accurate graphical representations of the scene. This reduces analysis errors, report preparation time, as well as providing a standard report format and data file format. The standard data file format will provide for electronic storage, retrieval, and transmission to facilitate data analysis and multiple incident correlations.
The present invention has a user-friendly interface, and provides for data and report security. To reduce training costs the user-friendly interface incorporates procedure prompts, and check for data entry errors and missing data. However, as much as possible, the Graphical User Interface (GUI) is based on the current procedures to minimize researcher retraining. The present invention is designed to be a low cost augmentation to a potable computer (palmtop or laptop).
Similar but much different systems based on GPS have been designed for construction and land surveying. These previous systems are designed to work over a much larger area than the instant device, and are more cumbersome to use. The present invention is tailored to crash scene and similar applications requiring accurate, local scene measurement and documentation. It makes use of unique processing and interface software to maximize efficiency and accuracy.
The present invention""s processing software does not require determination of the unmeasurable GPS carrier phase cycles between the reference module and the measurement module using a solution space search strategy or statistical selection as prior systems require. As determining these cycles is the greatest cause of processing error in these systems, the present invention has greater solution integrity and accuracy over its smaller operational area.
The present invention""s processing software has a unique configuration that provides enhanced solution integrity by combining an extended Kalman filter with a least-mean-square initialization and figure-of-merit determination process. The configuration provides for unique, robust measurement validation and selection, as well as position accuracy enhancement. It also provides an automatic means of recovery in case the Kalman Filter begins to diverge from the true solution.
The present invention""s unique multimedia user interface provides process prompts and error checking tailored to the crash scene application. For instance, the automotive crash scene system conforms to the US Department of Transportation""s Model Minimum Uniform Crash Criteria for scene documentation. The user is prompted to take all measurements and other data required by this standard, and the report produced conforms to the standard. To aid the single user, the present invention""s prompts and instructions are given both graphically and audibly. The present invention also can be configured to respond to spoken commands instead of keystrokes to keep the user""s hands free.
The previous systems make use of expensive proprietary hardware and software. The present invention leverages low cost, commercially available hardware, and commercial Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) and word processing software to provide enhanced functionality at about one twentieth the cost of the previous total solution, survey systems on the market.
Such an invention is needed by automotive, marine, and aircraft crash investigators because of it is more accurate, efficient, and standardized than the current manual systems. It requires less personnel, saving labor costs, and its instructive and error checking interface reduces training costs and enhances measurement integrity. It also can be produced at a low cost that allows more high quality, crash scene research to be performed on the same budgets, ultimately improving the safety of all modes of transportation.
The present invention consists of two modules, the measurement and reference modules. The measurement module is used by the scene surveyor to measure the crash element points while the reference module""s GPS measurements are used to remove common errors from the measurement data.
The reference module has a portable computer, either a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) laptop, palmtop, or pen computer. A COTS GPS receiver board is either integrated in the computer package or packaged separately. It communicates with the receiver through a digital I/O port, most often a serial port. The computer contains the turn-key invention software that uses a Graphical User Interface (GUI) and audio to guide the user through a scene measurement. The software also controls the GPS receiver, collects the GPS data, processes the data, builds a Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) scene file, calls a COTS word processing program and writes a report, and calls a COTS CAD program to draw the scene. The GPS receiver requires a COTS antenna for receiving the GPS signals. In the present invention, the antenna is mounted on survey stake with a bubble plumb/level or electronic level sensor, and is placed on points whose positions define the relative shape, orientation, and size of the scene elements.
The reference module consists of a COTS GPS antenna and receiver integrated with a microcontroller board and power supply. The microcontroller controls the receiver and stores the GPS reference data. The reference module is placed for convenience. Normally, a silver dollar sized antenna with a magnetized bottom will be stuck to the roof of the surveyor""s vehicle and the electronics are in the vehicle but the reference module could be placed anywhere near the crash scene.
The device can include optional equipment to enhance its capabilities. In some versions of the present invention, a COTS radio link between the reference and measurement modules will allow real-time scene dimensions to be calculated. A wireless Internet modem or a Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) modem can be used to connect from the field to a central computer to send the completed documentation or retrieve needed data or assignments. Other optional equipment can include a COTS digital camera for pictures of the scene and a laser range finder. The low cost, laser range finder may be useful for measuring distances under overpasses or in tunnels where GPS satellite visibility is limited.
Using the present invention, a single surveyor can accurately and rapidly, measure and document a crash scene. To perform the crash scene measurements, the researcher powers up the pen or laptop computer, and initiates the turnkey software. The turnkey software features a user friendly, graphical interface that can provide step-by-step prompts, if the user desires. This software automatically will start a Built-In-Test (BIT) systems check, set up the GPS receiver, and initiate measurement collection.
The user will be prompted to initialize the crash scene record with a name, location designation, and any other general information desired. The researcher will be asked about the number and type of vehicles, vessels, or aircraft involved, and about other scene elements. Then they will measure the crash scene by walking to each point in the crash scene for which they want a measurement, and placing the survey antenna stake there for about five seconds. At each point, they will select a measurement type (car 1xe2x80x94right front corner; skid mark 1xe2x80x94start point; etc). The software will automatically record the GPS measurements for each point so no manual mistakes are possible. Each common, crash scene element will have a minimum number of points to be measured. If the researcher misses a measurement point or entire element, the software will remind him/her. The user will have the opportunity to annotate the scene record and scene elements before, during, and after the measurement process. Also, the user can modify, delete, or repeat a measurement during and after the measurement process. Upon completing the measurements, the processing and report software is initiated.
The reference measurements are either constantly collected from a radio link between the reference and measurement units or the user can connect the measurement computer to the reference module via standard computer I/O cable (RS-232, RS-422, parallel, USB, etc.) or infrared link. The reference measurements are automatically retrieved from the reference module and stored on the computer. Then the present invention""s processing software will take the raw GPS data from both receivers and determine the relative position of each point to about centimeter accuracy, and angles between line segments to about a tenth of a radian accuracy. (Angular accuracy depends on the distance between points with better accuracy for widely separated points.) Each GPS measurement provides a three-dimensional position offset from the reference point (North, East, and Altitude; Latitude, Longitude, and Altitude; Earth Centered Earth Fixed (ECEF) x, y, z; etc.). Absolute position is improved by using a DGPS correction from a national DGPS system or by locating the reference unit at a geodetic marker.
The software of the present invention then automatically develops a CAD quality graphical representation of the scene by formatting a drawing file that can be used by a COTS CAD program. These graphical scene elements will be scalable to accurately represent the relative size and orientation of the actual scene elements. The graphic file of the crash scene will be digital so it can be readily stored, manipulated, and transmitted. It also could be developed as a three dimensional graphic that could be rotated to provide a view from any angle.
The software of the present invention will then call a COTS word processing program, and specify a report template from a preformatted library of the most common crash types. A generic report template also will be available for less common types of crashes. The scene data from the scene measurements and the researcher""s input will automatically be entered in the proper fields of the report. The user then either accepts that report, augment it, or access a summary of the processed data and create a report to their tastes. If they elect to edit the automated report, they will have access to the full functionality of the word processor.
The present invention is engineered to cost an order of magnitude less than a general GPS survey system with the same accuracy level, which is not tailored to the applications identified above. Although the present invention will cost more than a manual survey (measuring tape and wheel), its efficiency and enhanced capabilities will produce savings that will quickly recoup the investment. The specifics of the application process are embedded in the user interface, which reduces training requirements, survey time, and report preparation time. With the present invention, scene measurement and documentation could be performed with little training in the mechanics of the scene survey. It also will increase productivity through enhanced report accuracy and integrity, and facilitating more efficient and productive analysis. The measurements are automatically recorded and the positions calculated relative to the reference point regardless of the measurement order. No line-of-sight is required between any points for the GPS measurements. The resulting data and documentation will be in electronic format for easy storage, transmittal, and analysis.
The measurement process can be very fast if required for the safety of the researcher or the convenience of the public. A crash scene consisting of two vehicles (12 points including deformation points), a set of skid marks (four points) and the absolute position (Lat., Long, Alt.) of the reference point will take approximately four minutes to measure. This duration includes fifteen seconds to walk between points so only a total of 80 seconds is spent actually at the points.

Device for automatic documentation of crash scenes


A method for handling de-activation of a first Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) process used in a mobile of a wireless communications system includes receiving a Primary Absolute Grant (AG) message indicating to de-activate the first HARQ process, de-activating the first HARQ process, and activating all HARQ processes and using a grant provided by a Secondary AG message as a serving grant if all the HARQ processes are de-activated and a secondary grant function is configured.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to HARQ process de-activation in wireless communications systems, and more particularly to a method and related apparatus for keeping a grant of a mobile to be affected by Secondary Absolute Grant messages after the last remaining HARQ process of the mobile is de-activated, so as to reduce signaling overhead of the network and avoid radio resource waste.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The third generation (3G) mobile telecommunications system has adopted a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) wireless air interface access method for a cellular network. WCDMA provides high frequency spectrum utilization, universal coverage, and high quality, high-speed multimedia data transmission. The WCDMA method also meets all kinds of QoS requirements simultaneously, providing diverse, flexible, two-way transmission services and better communication quality to reduce transmission interruption rates. Through the 3G mobile telecommunications system, a user can utilize a wireless communications device, such as a mobile phone, to realize real-time video communications, conference calls, real-time games, online music broadcasts, and email sending/receiving. However, these functions rely on fast, instantaneous transmission. Thus, targeting third generation mobile telecommunication technology, the prior art provides High Speed Downlink Package Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Package Access (HSUPA), which are used to increase bandwidth utility rate and package data processing efficiency to improve uplink/downlink transmission rate.
HSUPA increases upstream network performance, reduces transmission delay by rapid retransmission of erroneous data transmissions, and can adjust transmission rate based on channel quality. To realize this type of "power control," HSUPA adopts technologies such as NodeB Scheduling, Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), Soft Handover, and Short Frame Transmission. Correspondingly, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) defines an Enhanced Dedicated Transport Channel (E-DCH) for controlling operations of HSUPA. E-DCH introduces new physical layer channels, such as E-HICH, E-RGCH, E-AGCH, E-DPCCH, and E-DPDCH, which are used for transmitting HARQ ACK/NACK, Uplink Scheduling Information, Control Plane information, and User Plane information. Detailed definitions of the above can be found in the Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification, "3GPP TS 25.321 V6.7.0," and are not given here.
Through Short Frame Transmission technology, HSUPA can configure 2 ms or 10 ms Transmit Time Interval (TTI), and the number of HARQ processes depends on the TTI durations. According to section 188.8.131.52.1 of the aforementioned MAC protocol specification, the number of HARQ processes is equal to the HARQ Round Trip Time (RTT), which is the time duration between the instant when a signaling is sent out and the instant when a response message is received. For 2 ms (millisecond) TTI, the HARQ RTT is equal to 8 TTIs, so the number of HARQ processes is equal to 8. For 10 ms TTI, the HARQ RTT is equal to 4 TTIs, so the number of HARQ processes is equal to 4.
In addition, through NodeB Scheduling technology, a base station (Node B) is allowed to adjust transmission power of mobiles or user equipments (UEs) within its transmission range (cell), so as to control uplink transmission rate of the mobiles. Referring to sections 184.108.40.206.1 and 220.127.116.11.2 of the aforementioned MAC protocol specification, the network can provide Relative Grant (RG) messages and Absolute Grant (AG) messages to a mobile through an E-DCH Relative Grant Channel (E-RGCH) and an E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel (E-AGCH) respectively, so as to adjust the transmission grant of the mobile. The E-AGCH is a shared channel that use an E-DCH Radio Network Temporary Identifier (E-RNTI) in order to address the AG messages to specific mobiles. The AG messages are used to directly adjust the transmission grant of mobiles, and can be classified into two types, Primary and Secondary. The Primary AG message provides an uplink resource grant for a specified mobile served by a cell. The Secondary AG message provides an uplink resource grant for a group of mobiles served by the cell, so as to reduce signaling overhead. On the other hand, the AG message includes an AG value field and an AG scope field. The AG value field indicates the transmission resource the mobile is allowed to use in the next transmission. The AG scope field indicates that the applicability of the AG value is "Per HARQ process" or "All HARQ Processes," meaning whether the AG value field will affect one or all HARQ processes.
According to section 18.104.22.168.1 of the aforementioned MAC protocol specification, after a mobile receives an AG message, if the E-RNTI type is "Primary," the AG value is set to "INACTIVE," the AG scope is "Per HARQ process," and a 2 ms TTI is configured, then the mobile shall de-activate a current HARQ process, which is the process identified by the value of a variable CURRENT_HARQ_PROCESS. If the E-RNTI type is "Primary," the AG value is set to "INACTIVE," the AG scope is "All HARQ processes," and a secondary E-RNTI was configured by higher layers, then the mobile shall activate all HARQ processes, set Serving Grant (SG) value to stored secondary grant (Serving_Grant=Stored_Secondary_Grant), and set a primary grant state variable to "none" (Primary_Grant_Available=false), meaning that the SG value can be affected by Secondary AG messages. Besides, if the AG value is different from "INACTIVE," and the E-RNTI type is "Secondary," then the mobile shall set the variable Stored_Secondary_Grant to the AG value. Oppositely, if the E-RNTI type is "Primary" or the variable Primary_Grant_Available is set to "False," then the mobile shall set the SG value to the AG value (Serving_Grant=AG value). Note that, definitions of "INACTIVE," "Stored_Secondary_Grant," "Primary_Grant_Available," and "Serving_Grant" can be found in section 3.1.2 of the aforementioned MAC protocol specification.
Therefore, when the Primary AG message sets the AG value to "INACTIVE" and the AG Scope indicates "Per HARQ process" while a 2 ms TTI is configured, the prior art simply de-activates the corresponding HARQ process and keeps the variable Primary_Grant_Available unchanged. The variable Primary_Grant_Available represents whether the SG value is only affected by the Primary AG and RG messages. If Primary_Grant_Available="True," the SG value is only affected by the Primary AG or RG messages. If Primary_Grant_Available="False," the SG value is affected by the Primary AG, Secondary AG, or RG messages. In such situation, if all the HARQ processes are de-activated, the prior art may waste signaling transmission.
For example, suppose that the mobile has one remaining active process while a 2 ms TTI is configured. Thus, Primary_Grant_Available="True". Suppose the serving cell sends a Primary AG message, where the AG value is set to "INACTIVE" and the AG Scope indicates "Per HARQ process". By the prior art, the variable Primary_Grant_Available is kept to "True" and the remaining active process is deactivated. Since the variable Primary_Grant_Available is "True," the SG value is only affected by the Primary AG or RG messages. Therefore, the grant provided by earlier Secondary AG messages cannot be used. Furthermore, any future Secondary AG messages will not activate HARQ processes. The only way to activate HARQ processes is through the Primary AG message. As a result, the advantage of the Secondary AG messages vanishes, and signaling overhead is increased.

Method and apparatus for de-activating hybrid automatic repeat request process in a wireless communications system


According to one embodiment, an image processing apparatus includes a vector calculation module, a major vector detection module, and an interpolation frame generation module. The vector calculation module calculates motion vectors of pixel blocks of a frame of moving picture data. The major vector detection module detects as a major vector, motion vectors with the same direction and the same magnitude which have the ratio of the number of the motion vectors with the same direction and the same magnitude to the number of the motion vectors of the frame, the ratio being greater than a predetermined value. The interpolation frame generation module generates an interpolation frame inserted between a processing frame and a preceding frame preceding the processing frame. The motion vector calculation module calculates the motion vectors based on the major vector corresponding to the preceding frame.

1. Field
One embodiment of the invention relates to an image processing apparatus, an image processing method and an image processing program, which insert an interpolation frame between frames.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, in the field of moving picture processing or the like, there have been proposed various techniques for generating an interpolation frame inserted between two temporally successive frames (a preceding frame and a following frame).
For example, in a frame rate conversion apparatus disclosed in Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2008-141546, in order to generate an interpolation frame, a histogram distribution of motion vectors is generated by detecting motion vectors between preceding and following frame images. Based on the histogram distribution of motion vectors (the distribution of motion vectors), it is determined whether there are a predetermined threshold number or more of motion vectors which exceed a search range. If there are a predetermined threshold number or more of motion vectors which exceed a search range, an interpolation frame is generated by a method which does not use motion vectors. Thereby, degradation in image quality of the interpolation frame can be prevented. Thus, even if a narrow search range is set, degradation in image quality of the interpolation frame can be prevented when there are the predetermined threshold number or more of motion vectors which exceed the search range. Therefore, according to this conventional technique, it is possible to suppress the degradation in image quality of the interpolation frame, while reducing the calculation processing amount in the interpolation frame generation process.
In the technique disclosed in Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2008-141546, however, no consideration is given to the improvement in precision of motion vectors, which are detected at the time of generating the interpolation frame. In this conventional technique, it is thus difficult to enhance the image quality of the interpolation frame, although it is possible to suppress the degradation in image quality of the interpolation frame, which is caused by motion vectors which exceed the search range.

Image processing apparatus, image processing method and computer readable medium


The present invention relates to a method for making contact between a multi-pole socket connector for plug-in connections and connecting wires. To simplify the method and economise on tools, a multi-row socket connector is split up into plastic plates, one side of the plate holding insulation piercing connecting devices and contact springs connected thereto, and the other side having correspondingly shaped integrally extruded pressure members. The plates are held at a spacing in a press tool by corresponding press-in pins having an interference fit. Connecting wires cut to length are inserted into these plates preassembled at a spacing. The connecting wires are pressed by the pressure members into the insulation piercing connecting device when the plates are pressed together.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for making contact between a multi-pole socket connector for plug-in connections and connecting wires.
When assembling known socket connectors, special contacting tools are used from a side position to guide and make contact with the connecting wires in the case of two-row juxtaposed socket connector elements. Thereafter, the individual fitted socket connector elements are separated from one another and assembled (snapped together, pressed together etc.) to form a multi-row socket connector. This procedure is complicated and leads, moreover, to tensile loading of the connecting wires. Consequently, crimp arrangements for relieving the insulation piercing connecting devices must be provided by means of separate crimping tools.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,368,505 discloses, for example, a multi-pole socket connector which is built up in modular fashion from a plurality of plastic plates arranged in parallel. In this case, each plastic plate holds a row of contacts with the insulation piercing connecting devices integrally formed thereon. However, before the individual plastic plates are joined, the insulation piercing connecting devices of each plastic plate are connected by means of a special tool to the connecting wires assigned to them.

Method for making contact with a multiple-pole socket connector and improved multiple-pole socket connector


A data creating device for printing plates optimizes image data for use in forming printing plates using a printing press having a feed reel for feeding printing film onto a circumference of a plate cylinder from a circumference recess formed in the plate cylinder, a rewind reel for rewinding the printing film fed from the feed reel so as to draw the printing film from the circumference of the plate cylinder, and an image forming device for forming an image on the printing film placed on the circumference of the plate cylinder. The data creating device detects a maximum position of the image data in a plate transfer direction. The data creating device deletes data downstream of the maximum position in the plate transfer direction, thereby creating optimized image data. The data creating device stores the optimized image data in a memory to be used in forming the printing plate.

As illustrated in FIG. 9, a conventional printing unit of a digital printing press includes plate cylinder 2, which carries printing film 1 therearound and rotates, ink feeding part 3 for feeding ink on the printing film 1 on the plate cylinder 2, rubber cylinder (not shown) onto which ink is transferred from the printing film 1, and an impression cylinder (not shown) for pressing and holding a printing sheet with the rubber cylinder so as to enable the ink to be transferred from the rubber cylinder to the printing sheet.
The printing press of FIG. 9 is so structured that the printing film 1 having such a length as to enable several images to be formed thereon is rolled up and set to the plate cylinder 2 for easy replacement of the printing film 1. Specifically, the plate cylinder 2 forms on its circumference recess 4, in which a roll of the printing film 1 is mounted, and includes feed reel 5 for feeding the printing film 1 onto the circumference of the plate cylinder 2, and rewind reel 6 for rewinding the printing film 1 by holding the leading edge 1a thereof so as to draw the film from the circumference of the plate cylinder 2.
Once the printing film 1 is set on the plate cylinder 2, image forming device 7, which is secured in place with a predetermined clearance to the circumference of the plate cylinder 2, forms an image on the printing film 1 placed on the circumference of the plate cylinder 2 so as to use the printing film 1 as a printing plate. The ink feeding part 3 feeds ink on the printing plate (the printing film 1) or performs any other operations so that the image is printed on the printing sheet via the rubber cylinder.
Subsequent to completing series of printing operations, the rewind reel 6 rewinds the printing film 1, which was used as the printing plate, so as to draw the same from the circumference of the plate cylinder 2, while the feed reel 5 successively feeds a new printing film 1 onto the circumference of the plate cylinder 2. That is, in the printing press having the printing unit as illustrated in FIG. 9, an image can newly be formed on the printing film 1 fed from the feed reel 5 by the image forming device 7, thereby enabling repeated printing operations without the necessity to replace the plate every time the printing operation is performed.
In a case where color printing (multi-color printing) is performed by using the aforesaid digital printing press, plural printing units as illustrated in FIG. 9 are provided. The printing unit of FIG. 9 is designed for a two-color printing, and therefore two printing units are provided to make up a digital printing press, in a case where the printing operation is performed by having four colors, namely C (cyan), M (magenta), Y (yellow) and K (black) overlapped to each other.
In the thus arranged digital printing press, image data (color separated, four image data) for the respective printing plates used in the printing units are created, thereby forming a printing plate in each printing unit based on each image data.
Image data for the respective printing plates must be prepared so as to achieve correct alignment of colors during printing. For the correct alignment of colors in printing, marks called "register marks" for the alignment are generally printed in a space near the edge of a substrate, and image data for each printing plate contains data (register mark data) for laying out register marks. This register mark data is also utilized to provide marks in sheet cutting operation in addition to an operation to adjust the alignment of colors in printing.
FIG. 10 respectively illustrate image data for the respective printing plates used in a digital printing press according to a conventional technique. As illustrated in FIG. 10, in the conventional technique, all the image data for the respective printing plates contain register mark data T1-T8. Herein, FIGS. 10(a), 10(b), 10(c) and 10(d) illustrate image data created respectively for a C plate, a M plate, a Y plate and a K plate.
The respective printing plates are formed based on the image data created respectively for them in FIG. 10. FIG. 11 illustrates a print formed by using these printing plates. As illustrated in FIG. 11, print 100 containing an illustration (a logo), a color picture, text and register mark data T1-T8 is made (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2002-166523).
The digital printing press made up of plural printing units as described above provides alignment with high accuracy and therefore there is a case where register mark data is not needed when it is presented for the purpose of adjustment of alignment of colors in printing. In such a case, it is possible to create each image data that contains no register mark data. Accordingly, in this case, the printing plates are formed based on image data without register mark data, overprinting is made by these printing plates, thereby making the print 100 as illustrated in FIG. 11.
However, according to the above conventional technique, whether register mark data are contained or not, image data created for forming the printing plates are allowed to have only a uniform size. That is, the printing film 1 for use in forming printing plates provides a uniform size for all the printing plates, regardless of presence or absence of an image to be printed, the size or the like of an image for each plate. There is a case where the size of an image to be printed is very small depending on the plate, which results in inefficient consumption of the printing film 1.
For example, in each of the C plate (see FIG. 10(a)), the M plate (see FIG. 10(b)) and the Y plate (see FIG. 10(c)), a portion S with no data except for register marks written therein is caused. That is, if this portion S in each of the C, M and Y plates is not served to provide a register mark, which means that this portion is not used in printing by all means, the digital printing press according to the conventional technique inefficiently consumed the printing film 1.
The present invention has been conceived to address a problem associated with the above conventional technique. It is an object of the present invention to provide a data creating device for printing plates that optimizes image data for printing process by using a minimum amount of a printing film.

Data creating device for a printing plates


A direct heat rotary calciner and method for providing improved thermal treatment of particulate material comprises a rotary tube having a plurality of screened apertures along the length thereof. Material to be treated is passed through the rotating tube and contacted during passage with a cross-flow of heated gases entering and leaving through the screened apertures. At least a portion of the internal wall of the tube may be provided with spiral flights to aid in the conveyance of the particulate material through the rotating tube.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a rotary kiln adapted for the treatment, such as drying or calcination, of particulate materials by direct heat.
2. Prior Art
Generally, directly heated rotary kilns are commonly employed to dry and/or calcine solid particles such as sand, gravel, limestone, dolomite, magnesite, fertilizers, various metal oxides, and the like. Typically, such kilns are in the form of an elongated rotating cylinder, inclined slightly from the horizontal. The particulate solids to be treated, enter at one end of the kiln and, under the influence of gravity, move toward the other end where the treated product is discharged. Such kilns frequently utilize a method of heat transfer in which solids, especially particulate solids, are heated by direct contact with hot gases. In most direct heat rotary dryers or kilns, heated gases are passed through, either in the same direction as that of the movement of the particulate solids or in a counterflow direction. Typically, the kiln is slowly rotated about its axis and is tilted or inclined slightly from horizontal to effect a tumbling of the solids and a general forward motion while hot gases, e.g. combustion gases are passed from one end of the kiln to the other and caused to flow over the moving solids. As the drum rotates, the bed of particles is carried or dragged upwardly by friction along the inner surface of the drum until the weight of the particles and the steepness of the slope of particle bed overcomes friction and the particles begin to slide or tumble downwardly to the bottom of the particle bed. This tumbling action continues and the particle bed moves slowly forward as the drum continues to rotate. In such a process mixing is relatively poor, with the result that particles of varying sizes are not equally contacted or exposed to the gases. The efficiency of heat transfer from gas to particulate solids is relatively low.
It is known to improve the efficiency through the use of lifting flights attached to the interior wall of the rotating drum. As the drum rotates the lifting flights serve to lift the particles from the bed and then allow them to fall as a shower through the stream of gases as it passes through the kiln. Although thermal efficiency is improved, for some materials, for example, titanium dioxide, the repeated lifting and falling may result in the production of large amounts of fines and dust which may become entrained in the gas stream, resulting in a loss of material and a potential environmental hazard as the dust-laden gases are passed to the atmosphere.
It is also known to pass the hot gases into a direct heat rotary dryer, through the particle bed, in a counter-flow direction, using a Roto-Louvre dryer, wherein hot gases are blown through louvers in a double-wall rotary cylinder and up through the moving bed of particulate solids.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,185,899 discloses a hot air dryer comprising a rotatable cylinder extending through a firebox and means for passing heated air from the firebox lengthwise through the cylinder. The passage of the material to be dried, through the cylinder, is aided by a plurality of flights disposed within the cylinder.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,799,735 discloses the treatment of particulate material with counterflow of combustion gases in a rotary kiln wherein the kiln includes trough shaped conveyor flights. As the particles move along the kiln, they are alternately lifted and dropped to form clouds of parallel vertical curtains through which the combustion gases are passed.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,535,550 discloses a method and apparatus for processing particulate material by passing the material through ah inclined rotary cylinder while the material is contacted with a stream of gas. The gas is introduced into the particle bed through a series of internal supply pipes.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,312,599 discloses a rotary furnace apparatus for the manufacture of activated carbon wherein a rotating bed of particulate material is heated by indirect heating while a controlled flow of sweep gas contacts the surface of the moving particle bed. The sweep gas is introduced through a series of orifices in a sparger tube extending along the length of and within the furnace structure. The gas sweeps across the surface of the particle bed in a direction not parallel to the direction of movement of the bed and exits through a series of inlet ports in an opposing exhaust tube.


The present invention concerns a computer-implemented method, a computer system and a computer program product for direct room modeling in a CAD model. The CAD model comprises a rectangular coordinate system comprising mutually orthogonal height, first horizontal and second horizontal directions. A first position and subsequently a second position within the model are obtained via a user input device. The first and second positions define a rectangle perpendicular to the height direction and aligned with the horizontal directions. The rectangle comprises edges and corners. The rectangle comprises the first and second positions at diagonally opposite corners. A room drawing operation is automatically performed based on the rectangle. One or more walls and/or wall portions, each extending in the height direction and along an edge of the rectangle over in essence the full length of the edge, are thereby inserted or removed.

Drawing walls and slabs for a building in a computer-aided design (CAD) model, such as a building information model (BIM), typically requires many user operations.
In BricsCAD BIM (e.g. V14) a wall can be created via the POLYSOLID command. Multiple walls can be connected via the BIMCONNECT command. A corresponding slab can be inserted via boundary detection and the EXTRUDE command. See, for example, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eP2MBKQR00, entitled "BricsCAD BIM Basics—How to create walls" (2014).
In AutoCAD (e.g. AutoCAD 2013) a two-dimensional outline for multiple walls can be drawn via the PLINE command. Walls associated with the outline can be added via the POLYSOLID command, by specifying a height and a thickness, and by further specifying (a part of) the outline as starting point. See, for example, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s OnapMenJE, entitled "AutoCAD Classes Fast 3D Wall" (2014). Once walls are drawn, a slab can be added.
Both prior art examples allow to model connected walls and a corresponding slab via a procedure involving a plurality of sequential steps. Both prior art examples remain silent on creation of 3D spaces directly. Both prior art examples remain silent on automatic determination of wall connections. Both prior art examples remain silent on adding an additional building story to a CAD model.
There remains a need in the art for direct modeling of three-dimensional spaces, bounded by multiple properly connected three-dimensional walls and a corresponding floor slab. This facilitates rapid conceptual architectural design.
The present invention aims to resolve at least some of the problems mentioned above.

Direct room modeling in computer-aided design


A processor may run a target application. A processor may monitor one or more file open operations performed by the target application. A processor may record one or more file information items associated with one or more files, wherein the one or more files are opened by the one or more file open operations. A processor may select one or more target file information items, wherein the one or more target file items include a target file property from the one or more file information items. A processor may retrieve a first set of file names of one or more target files used by the target application from the one or more target file information items. A processor may utilize the one or more target files to facilitate containerization of the target application.

The present invention relates to computer technology, and more specifically, to a computer-implemented method, computer system, and computer program product for facilitating application containerization.
A containerized application, also referred to as a container, is an instantiation of its corresponding container base image, which is a template for building the containerized application. Container base images become containers at runtime. Containers share a machine's Operation System (OS) kernel and therefore do not require an OS per application. Applications existed on the OS may be containerized upon demand.

Facilitation of application containerization


The present disclosure provides a data mapping protocol that securely associates the account user information stored in the user pool with corresponding account identity information stored in the identity pool, such that all the account information is searchable, regardless of which pool the information is in. In an embodiment, a mapping service, which may be provided by the resource provider, obtains a set of login credentials and authenticates the login credentials with the user pool. In response to receiving the login credentials and an authentication request, the user pool returns the account credentials associated with the login credentials. The account credentials are used to access the account identifier, and other associate account identity data in the identity pool. Thus, the login credentials from the user pool and the account identifier from the identity are obtained and associated with each other in a searchable data structure.

In many software applications and services, users may sign-up for a user account in order to access certain aspects of the application. Commonly, when a new user signs up, the user defines one or more login credentials such as a username and password, and a user account is generated. The user account is given an account identifier, which identifies the account independently of the login credentials. The account identifier may be associated with the login credentials via an internal account credential such that the user can access their account using the login credentials. This way, for example, if the user forgets their password or username, they are able to change it and associate a new password or username to the account without losing the account. In some environments, the login credentials are stored in a user pool and the account identifier is stored in an identity pool, without a searchable mapping therebetween. Thus, when searching in the user pool for account data will only bring up associated data stored in the user pool, e.g., username, password, email address, etc, and will not bring up the account identifier that is stored in the identity pool. This presents a shortcoming in the amount of control and information accessible to users and application providers.


A battery (100) comprises a cell having a cathode compartment (120) that includes an element that is oxidized during charging of the battery (100), wherein the oxidized element forms a salt with an acid and thereby increases the H+ concentration in the cathode compartment (120) sufficient to promote an H+ flux into the anode compartment (110) across the separator (130), wherein the H+ flux across the separator (130) is sufficient to disintegrate a zinc dendrite proximal to the separator (130).

Many types of secondary batteries and other power cells are known, based upon a relatively wide range of electrical couples, and among the most popular electrical couples are those containing zinc.
For example, zinc may form a redox pair with nickel to provide a rechargeable redox system. While many rechargeable zinc/nickel batteries frequently exhibit a relatively good power to weight ratio, several problems of the zinc/nickel redox pair persist. Among other difficulties, such batteries tend to have a comparably poor cycle life of the zinc electrode. Moreover, nickel is known to be a carcinogen in water-soluble form, and is thus problematic in production and disposal.
To circumvent at least some of the problems with toxicity, zinc maybe combined with silver oxide to form a secondary battery. Rechargeable zinc/silver batteries often have a relatively high energy and power density. Moreover, such batteries typically operate efficiently at extremely high discharge rates and generally have a relatively long dry shelf life. However, the comparably high cost of the silver electrode generally limits the use of zinc/silver batteries to applications where high energy density is a prime requisite.
In a further, relatively common secondary battery, zinc is replaced by cadmium and forms a redox couple with nickel. Such nickel/cadmium batteries are typically inexpensive to manufacture, exhibit a relatively good power to weight ratio, and require no further maintenance other than recharging. However, cadmium is a known toxic element, and thereby further increases the problems associated with health and environmental hazards. Thus, despite the relatively widespread use of secondary batteries numerous problems, and especially problems associated with toxicity and/or relatively high cost persist.
Still further, all or almost all of the known secondary batteries need to be operated over several charge/discharge cycles under conditions in which the cathode compartment is separated from the anode compartment by a separator. Loss of the separation will typically result in undesired plating of one or more components of the electrolyte on the battery electrode and thereby dramatically decrease the performance of such batteries.
Unfortunately, zinc contained in most zinc containing electrolytes has the tendency to form zinc dendrites during charging, wherein dendrite growth typically proceeds towards the separator and frequently results in contact, if not even damage to the separator. Thus, prevention of zinc dendrite growth has received considerable attention over the recent years, and various approaches have been made to reduce the risk associated with dendrite growth.
In one approach, electrolyte additives are used to prevent dendrite formation. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,793,079 the inventors describe addition of various organic compounds having an oxygen ether and a sulfonamide group to reduce dendrite formation. Alternatively, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,811,946 the reaction product of an amine and an aldehyde are employed as organic additives to reduce dendrite formation. Further known compositions for reduction of dendrites include benzotriazole, benzene sulfonamide, toluene sulfonamide, chlorotoluene sulfonamide and thiourea. However, while at least some of the known compounds work relatively well for their intended purpose, new difficulties arise. Among other things, at least some of the known compounds exhibit oxidation and/or decomposition by oxidizing agents in most rechargeable batteries. Furthermore, such compounds may interfere with reversibility of either electrode. Moreover, it has been found that some additives tend to precipitate or salt out during repeated recharging.
In another approach, surfactants may be employed to reduce dendrite formation as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,074,028 and 4,040,916. Here, formation of a non-dendritic zinc layer is achieved by including 0.001 to 10 weight percent of a non-ionic surfactant additive (oxaalkyl or polyoxaalkyl perfluoroalkane sulfonamide) in the zinc-containing electrolyte. While surfactants may work satisfactorily for various electroplating and battery applications over a relatively short period, electrochemical (and other) degradation will eventually limit the usefulness of such compounds, especially in acid electrolytes.
Although numerous secondary batteries are known in the art, all or almost all of them suffer from one or more disadvantages. Particularly, the performance of known secondary batteries will significantly decrease when anolyte and catholyte of such batteries will inadvertently mix due to dendrite growth that damages the separator. Therefore, there is still a need to provide improved batteries.

Secondary battery with autolytic dendrites


A structure for fixing an optical cable holding box to a printed circuit board whereby the fixed position of the optical cable holding box can be changed at will and occurrence of warping in the printed circuit board can be effectively prevented. A pair of extended first metal plates having a plurality of screw holes formed therein at equal spaces are fixed to the printed circuit board in the vicinity of its upper and lower edge portions along the upper and lower edges. A pair of vertically extended second metal plates having a plurality of screw holes formed therein at equal spaces are securely fixed to the pair of first metal plates with screws such that they are stretched between the first metal plates and spaced apart a predetermined distance from each other. Thereupon, the optical cable holding box is securely fixed with screws to the pair of second metal plates in a desired position.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a structure for fixing an optical cable holding box to a printed circuit board, also serving for the purpose of preventing occurrence of warping in a large-sized printed circuit board.
2. Description of the Related Art
With the development in recent years of multifunctional transmission apparatus, there are demands for larger-sized printed circuit boards to be mounted in the apparatus. Therefore, production of transmission apparatuses using large-sized printed circuit boards are intensively carried on. However, during the solder dipping process, warping of the printed circuit board becomes more liable to occur the larger in size the printed circuit board is. Therefore, there arises the need for a countermeasure to prevent occurrence of warping in the large-sized printed circuit board. Further, optical transmission systems having large transmission capacity and fitted for high speed transmission are prevalent among transmission systems in use recent years. Hence, there arises the need for holding the excess-length portion of an optical cable in a desired position of the printed circuit board.
FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a conventional art example in which a countermeasure is taken to prevent occurrence of warping in a large-sized printed circuit board. There are provided a pair of horizontally extended (in X direction) warp preventing metal plates 3 fixed to the large-sized printed circuit board 2 in the vicinity of its upper and lower edge portions along the upper and lower edges. On the printed circuit board 2, there are mounted a plurality of electronic parts 4 and an optical module 5. The optical module 5 is connected with an optical cable 6 and the excess-length portion of the optical cable 6 is held in a predetermined position on the large-sized printed circuit board 2 by means of a protection cover 7. Reference numeral 8 denotes a connector.
In the fabrication of large-sized printed circuit boards hitherto in practice, the board with two warp-preventing metal plates 3, extended in X direction, fixed thereto at its upper and lower portions, as shown in FIG. 1, has been dipped in a solder bath. However, since the board is not provided with the warp-preventing metal plates in Y direction (vertical direction), there has been a problem that warping occurs in the vertical direction. Once a warp is formed in the printed circuit board, such trouble becomes liable to occur that the printed circuit board, when inserted into a shelf, does not fit well into the guide groove or the printed circuit board comes into contact with an adjoining printed circuit board.
Further, since the optical cable has so far been held in place by means of the protection cover, it has been unable to mount a part on the portion where the protection cover is fixed and, hence, there has been a problem that the area for holding the excess-length portion of the optical cable therein is fixated. Also when there were provided conditions for mounting parts on the printed circuit board, it has been unable to change at will the holding position of the excess-length portion of the optical cable.

Structure for fixing optical cable holding box to printed circuit board


A user equipment (UE) and a base station (BS) are provided. The UE transmits a specific preamble on a random access channel and transmits an uplink data signal and a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) on an uplink transmission radio resource so that the BS receives the uplink data signal and the DMRS according to the specific preamble after receiving the specific preamble. The BS transmits a downlink data signal on a downlink transmission radio resource according to the specific preamble so the UE receives the downlink data signal on the downlink transmission radio resource according to the specific preamble.

With the development of the technology, various electronic products are ubiquitous in people's daily life. To achieve the communication between the electronic products and provide various applications, the wireless communication technology has become the essential key technology. The next generation of mobile communication system (which is commonly called 5G mobile communication system currently) provide new service types, e.g., Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLLC), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) Communication, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) or the like.
Automotive communication or industrial communication (e.g., smart vehicles or smart factories) has requirements of reducing the signal transmission delay and shortening the signal processing time so as to achieve real-time control. Therefore, the URLLC service is quite suitable for the automotive communication or industrial communication to provide ultra-reliable and low latency communication. However, how to achieve ultra-reliable and low latency communication in the URLLC service is still a critical issue in the art and current communication standards have no perfect solution for this issue.
On the other hand, as compared to the LTE communication system which is the current mainstream communication system, the 5G mobile communication system additionally set a radio resource control (RRC) inactive state between an RRC connected state and an RRC idle state to shorten the time for the UE to return back to the RRC connected state. However, when the UE is in the RRC inactive state and an uplink data signal needs to be transmitted or a downlink data signal needs to be received, whether it is necessary to return back to the RRC connected state in order to perform ultra-reliable and low latency communication is another critical issue in the art.
Accordingly, an urgent need exists in the art to provide a transmission mechanism so as to provide the UE with ultra-reliable and low latency communication even if the UE is in the RRC inactive state.


A vehicle assembly includes a vehicle body including an interior panel, a seat having a frame fixed to the panel, and a seat energy absorber operably associated with the seat and including a backing and a bracket. The backing is formed from the vehicle body and positioned separated from the seat to define a space between the seat and the backing along a length of the panel, and the bracket is mounted in the space on at least one of the seat and the backing such that a proximal end portion of the bracket is located closer to the seat than the backing, and a distal end portion of the bracket is located closer to the backing than the seat. During a crash event a section of the panel is configured to collapse against the seat when the seat is driven toward the panel relative to the vehicle body.

Known vehicles include structural features designed to collapse and absorb kinetic energy in a collision to safeguard occupants. In order to absorb sufficient kinetic energy in a collision, such collapsing features occupy space within a vehicle body and reduce an interior space of the vehicle available for occupants. Accordingly, there is a desire for vehicle assemblies having features that are compact during nominal operation of the vehicle, and configured to collapse during a collision to absorb kinetic energy in a collision and safeguard vehicle occupants.


A process for preparing a highly pure quaternary ammonium salt comprising:                (1) adding a quaternary ammonium hydroxide salt or quaternary ammonium carbonate to a quaternary ammonium salt containing a protonic acid salt of a tertiary amine as an impurity and thereby neutralizing the tertiary amine protonic acid salt with the quaternary ammonium hydroxide salt or carbonate to convert the acid salt to a tertiary amine and water and to convert the quaternary ammonium hydroxide salt or carbonate to a quaternary ammonium salt at the same time, and        (2) removing the tertiary amine and water produced from the system.

For preparing quaternary ammonium salts, already known are a process comprising reacting an alkyl halide with a tertiary amine to obtain a quaternary ammonium halide and reacting an acid with the halide, and a process comprising reacting a carbonic acid diester with a tertiary amine to produce a quaternary ammonium salt and subsequently reacting an acid with the salt for decarbonation.
In the case where the tertiary amine is not completely converted to a quaternary compound in either of these processes, the tertiary amine left unreacted will react with the acid in the next step to produce a protonic acid salt of the tertiary amine, permitting the acid salt to remain in the main product of quaternary ammonium salt.
The quaternary ammonium halide or quaternary ammonium salt is likely to produce a tertiary amine when thermally decomposed. The tertiary amine produced provides a tertiary amine protonic acid salt in the process for preparing the quaternary ammonium salt. Since the hydrogen atom of the cation of the tertiary amine protonic acid salt is liable to become released as a proton, the acid salt is unstable to a reducing reaction, so that the acid salt is known to be responsible for the diminution of the voltage resistance and long-term reliability of electric double layer capacitors and electrolytic capacitors (for example, Patent Literature 1).
Accordingly, it is required to reduce the amounts of the tertiary amine and tertiary amine protonic acid salt which are present in quaternary ammonium salts for use as electrolytes in order to obtain highly reliable electric double layer capacitors and electrolytic capacitors.
In reducing the amounts of the tertiary amine and tertiary amine protonic acid salt in quaternary ammonium salts, it is known to recrystallize the salt in an organic solvent (Patent Literature 1, 2).
However, this method is not suitable to practice industrially, for example, because the crystallization leads to a lower yield. Furthermore, it is difficult to effect the recrystallization if the quaternary ammonium salt is a liquid substance at room temperature.
An object of the present invention is to provide a process for preparing quaternary ammonium salts by reducing the amounts of a tertiary amine and a tertiary amine protonic acid salt contained as impurities in quaternary ammonium salts.
[Patent Literature 1] JP2000-311839A
[Patent Literature 2] JP2004-186246A

Process for production of highly pure quaternary ammonium salt


A system and method are provided for inducing ventricular tachycardia in a patient to enable testing to determine the optimum parameters for anti-tachycardia stimulation. The implantable device provides for overdrive pacing of the heart for a short sequence, followed by delivery of a series of pulse pairs. Each pulse pair has a first stimulus pulse delivered at the same or similar overdrive rate, and an inducing pulse which is delivered in timed relation to the evoked T-wave, preferably during the falling edge portion of the T-wave. In this way, each cycle the inducing pulse is timed for efficaciously inducing tachycardia. The timing of the inducing pulse is enhanced by near field sensing of the T-wave at about the location where the pulses are delivered, preferably using bipolar sensing and/or sense circuitry designed to recover the signal with an optimum time response. In one preferred embodiment, near field sensing is enabled by use of an FDC circuit. In another preferred embodiment, near field sensing is provided by a pacing lead having bipolar electrodes where the ring electrode is spaced less than 1 mm proximal to the tip electrode.

The treatment of abnormally and physiologically dangerous high cardiac rate conditions, i.e., tachycardia and fibrillation, has become very important, and is the subject of considerable development. For example, modern implantable cardiac pacemakers can be provided with an anti-tachycardia feature, whereby the implantable device senses the occurrence of tachycardia, and responds by delivering one or more stimuli in a pattern designed to eliminate the dangerous high rate. Likewise, implantable defibrillators are designed to determine the occurrence of fibrillation, and to respond automatically with one or more defibrillation pulses. In this specification, the reference to abnormally high rates, or high rate conditions, incorporates the range of abnormal conditions, through all tachycardia rates up to and including fibrillation. Thus, the term tachycardia as used herein embraces the range of abnormally high rates, up to and including fibrillation. The treatment of such conditions, i.e., anti-tachycardia treatment or defibrillation, is referred to generally as cardioversion. The devices which can provide such cardioversion treatment can be specifically designed for a given treatment, i.e., defibrillators, or can be devices which combine pacing functions and one or more types of cardioversion treatment.
When implanting such an implantable device which provides for cardioversion, it is necessary to test the device operationally, and set the stimulus parameters so as to ensure reliable treatment. Thus, for a pacemaker having a feature of terminating ventricular tachycardia (VT), it is important to test at time of implant to determine that the prescribed pattern of anti-tachycardia stimulus pulses is delivered with the optimal parameters to control and terminate the VT for the patient receiving the implant. In order to carry out such a test, it is necessary to first induce the VT (or other high rate condition), and then set the anti-tachycardia stimulus parameters, e.g., number of pulses, timing and energy, for optimal termination of the VT. The aim of this invention is to provide the device with an improved and more reliable capability of inducing such a high rate abnormal condition, for test purposes.
It is known that tachycardia or fibrillation can be stopped, or terminated by delivery of stimulus pulses which interfere with the re-entry loop mechanism. Thus, in terminating such a non-physiological condition, a stimulus pulse is delivered shortly after the cardiac refractory period, and before the next expected spontaneous beat. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,390,021, there is disclosed the standard technique of delivering a pair of pulses, each timed with respect to the preceding QRS so as to fall within a "region of susceptibility," in order to break up the tachycardia. The system of the disclosure relies on searching to find the timing which results in break up of tachycardia, i.e., to find the "region of susceptibility." It is mentioned that a similar technique can be used to induce tachycardia, but no specifics are mentioned with regard to the required timing. It is noted that the timing for inducing tachycardia is not necessarily the same, relative to the QRS, as for breaking up tachycardia.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,593,695 discloses a successful technique for terminating VT which involves overdriving the ventricle with an early stimulus pulse, detecting the occurrence of the repolarization which is manifested by the T-wave, and then delivering a stimulus which is intended to break up the tachycardia. Since the T-wave is produced by cardiac cell repolarization and thus roughly indicates the end of the refractory period, it is necessary to wait until the T-wave detection in order to deliver a stimulus which can have an effect. Successive such early pulses can be delivered, as necessary to terminate the tachycardia condition. However, this reference gives no guidance concerning inducing tachycardia.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,129,392 is specifically directed to a technique of inducing fibrillation by delivery of a high voltage pulse following the refractory period of the heart chamber. The refractory period is disclosed to be determined by getting an average of the stimulus-T interval and delivering the high voltage pulse at a time based on this average and referenced to a preceding pacing pulse or spontaneous QRS. However, this technique has only about a 60% success rate, which means that often the delivery of a high energy pulse must be repeated. This produces substantial patient discomfort, and causes battery drain and consequent reduction of device longevity. Further, it is our observation that the timing with respect to the T-wave is critical, and accordingly it is desirable to do more than simply deliver an inducing pulse after the some predetermined interval following the QRS or the T-wave.
For an implantable device having an anti-tachycardia feature, it is desirable to be able to induce tachycardia using the vastly lower energy pacing pulses. This is the case whether the device is a pacemaker, or whether it incorporates cardioverting capacity, as with a combined pacemaker-cardioverter-defibrillator ("PCD"). In any case, it is highly desirable to provide the capability of inducing tachycardia by using only pacing-level pulses, to optimize patient comfort and save energy. This means that the tachy-including pulses are delivered as a series of smaller energy pulses. Since QT interval varies with rate, the delivery of the first inducing pulse likely has an effect on the following QT interval. The result of delivering a series of pulses is that each cycle the refractory interval may be slightly different, such that use of a fixed interval following the pacing stimulus or sensed QRS is relatively unlikely to be efficient in finding the proper time to induce VT. Accordingly, it is important to be able to determine on a cycle-to-cycle basis the best time to deliver the inducing pulse (or pulse pair). The solution provided by this invention is to look for the occurrence of a T-wave following a QRS which preferably is evoked by a pacing pulse; to determined the T-wave by near field sensing at the location where the pacing pulses are delivered; and to deliver one or more inducing pulses in closely timed relation to a specific portion of the sensed T-wave.

System for inducing tachycardia utilizing near field T-wave sensing


A system and method for detecting anomalies in very large datasets is disclosed. The method includes calculating statistics for data elements in a data set over a range of time periods. These statistics are arranged into a 2D array and analyzed using a machine learning algorithm to detect anomalous regions. The method also includes steps of analyzing time series of the data based on detected anomalous regions, correcting any errors in the datasets, and storing the corrected values in a separate database to maintain data integrity.

A challenge today with the rapid growth in volume of data captured is assessing its level of quality at a large scale. Specifically, it is challenging to assess when data has been loaded or transformed incorrectly, or when the underlying/upstream data has undergone material changes. These data quality issues are common and can negatively impact downstream decision making, but they are extremely hard to uncover.
It is common for enterprises to have tables of data containing billions of rows, and to have thousands of such tables across various data warehouses. Automating the detection and alerting on data quality anomalies, and quantifying an overall quality index, is extremely challenging at this scale, and requires new innovation and techniques.
There is a need in the art for a system and method that addresses the shortcomings discussed above.

System and method for large scale anomaly detection

United Services Automobile Association (USAA)


A clam shell bucket is provided. The clam shell bucket includes a first frame rotatably connected to a second frame along a pivot point to provide rotation of the first and second frames between a pincer configuration and a scooping configuration. The first frame includes a bucket floor having a pincer end and a scraper end; a pair of side walls extending from the bucket floor to the pivot point; support blade provided between the pair of side walls and extending from the bucket floor to the pivot point; a plurality of pincer teeth extending from the pincer end of the bucket floor; and a scraper blade extending from the scraper end of the bucket floor. The second frame includes a rear bucket wall including a pincer end; a plurality of pincer teeth extending along the pincer end of the rear bucket wall; and a plurality of support arms extending from the rear bucket wall to the pivot point. A method of operating the bucket is provided.

Clam shell type buckets are known. In general, clam shell buckets include a back or rearward frame and an opposed shell or movable frame. The back or rearward frame is attached to the loader arms of the tractor, and the shell or movable frame rotates relative to the back jaw to provide a bucket for scooping or a pincer for grabbing and lifting relatively small items including logs and unbaled silage.
Attempts have been made to improve the usefulness of clam shell buckets in a farming environment. As described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,455,477 to Blair, web plates can be installed beneath tines so that the spaces between the tines are covered, and side plates can be attached so that a loader can function as a scoop. When a bucket loading operation is completed, and the device is once again required for use as a silage grab, the plates are removed. U.S. Pat. No. 4,565,484 to Wilman describes an apparatus which can be used as a silage grab or as a bucket loader without having to fit or remove additional components.

Clam shell bucket and method of operating