A process for controlling a hydrostatic adjustment gear (HG) of a hydrostatic-mechanical, continuous, split-output torque shift transmission, where a displacement volume (V.sub.new) is controlled following the engagement of a clutch (K2, K3) of a new gear, taking into consideration a leakage volume (DV.sub.old) in respect to a theoretical displacement volume (V.sub.th), after which the clutch (K2, K3) of the respective previously operating gear, which is still turning, is disengaged, where each new displacement volume (V.sub.new) is determined from the prior leakage volume (DV.sub.old) in accordance with different hydraulic pressure conditions in the adjustment gear (HG) prior to and following the shifting operation, where the setting of the new displacement volume (V.sub.new), which is determined in accordance with the hydraulic pressure conditions from the prior leakage volume (DV.sub.old), takes place in respect to the theoretical displacement volume (V.sub.th) in accordance with a new leakage volume (DV.sub.new). During upshifting and downshifting a differing ratio of the leakage volumes is taken into consideration, which occurs during the shifting process because of falling or rising of the hydraulic pressure. Therefore the disengagement of the clutch (K2, K3) of the prior gear takes place without torque loading during upshifting as well as downshifting.

A control of a displacement machine of this general type is known from German Patent Publication DE No. 38 38 767 C2, where at the time of each shifting change the displacement volume is adjusted in accordance with a theoretical oil requirement plus a certain leakage loss, so that the clutch of the previous gear which is to be disengaged can be disconnected as torque-free as possible. Determination of a leakage loss to be taken into consideration represents a very inaccurate compromise, because the displacement machine operates with different hydraulic transmission segments before and after the shift points of successive gear stages. The hydraulic pressure conditions and thus the leakage losses are therefore of different sizes, something which was not considered. Thus the intended disengagement of the clutch members at low torque is either never attained or only when upshifting or down-shifting, which inevitably results in damage to the clutch and the gear, and in a jerky operation.

Control of a displacement machine of a hydrostatic-mechanical torque shift transmission


The present invention provides a light deflector which effectively cools a rotation torque generation portion, which leads to miniaturization of the apparatus and economy of electric power. The light deflector according to the present invention having a rotating polygonal mirror having mirrors on its side faces, a rotation sleeve fixed to the rotating polygonal mirror, a magnet yoke including magnets fixed to the rotation sleeve, a fixed shaft inserted into the rotation sleeve, a housing supporting the fixed shaft, a stator core fixed to the housing and constituting an electromagnetic circuit by magnetically interacting with the magnet yoke to generate rotation torque, and a substrate on which the stator core is mounted and a part of which is extended outside through a substrate insertion slot, is characterized in that at least one air hole is formed at least in the magnet yoke between the magnet yoke and stator core and an air inflow hole is formed substantially adjacent to the substrate insertion slot of the substrate of the housing.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a light deflector which incorporates a rotating polygonal mirror having a plurality of mirrors around it to deflect a light beam and scan an image formation member or a recording member with the deflected beam.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Generally, in an image reading apparatus which scans an image formation member with a light beam radiating from a light source such as a laser to read an image on the image formation member, or in an image recording apparatus which scans a recording medium with a light beam modulated by an image signal or character signal to record an image, a rotating polygonal mirror having a plurality of mirrors on its side faces is used as a means of scanning with the light beam.
One example of this type of light deflector is known: a light deflector comprising a driving shaft bearing, in particular preferably a dynamic pressure air bearing which has a shaft inserted into a sleeve, one of the sleeve and shaft being a rotation member and the other a fixed member and having a permanent magnet fixed on the rotation member, an electromagnetic circuit made by winding a coil on an iron ring installed near the fixed member, wherein the permanent magnet and the electromagnetic circuit generate rotation torque and the electromagnetic circuit functions as a magnetic bearing supporting the rotation member in an axial direction.
FIG. 6 illustrates the construction of an image recording apparatus employing this type of light deflector. 61 is a drive motor, 62 is a rotation polygon mirror, 63 is one of the mirrors constituting the rotating polygonal mirror 62, 64 is a mirror cover, 65 is an aperture for letting the light beam in and out, 66 is a laser, 67 is a collimator lens, 68 is a converging optical system and 69 is a light-sensitive member.
In the figure, the rotating polygonal mirror 62 is rotated by the drive motor 61 in the direction indicated by an arrow (A). A light beam radiates from the laser 66, which may be a semiconductor laser, a gas laser or the like, is modulated by a modulation means (not shown in the figure) with an image signal etc., and is incident on the mirror 63 of the rotating polygonal mirror 62.
The light beam reflected by the mirror 63 of the rotating polygonal mirror 62 is incident on the light-sensitive member 69 through the converging optical system 68.
As the rotating polygonal mirror 62 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow (A), the reflected light beam is deflected in the direction indicated by an arrow (B) and the light-sensitive member 69 is scanned with it. At the same time, the light-sensitive member 69 is moved to perform a slow scan by rotating in the direction indicated by an arrow (C), whereby a two-dimensional image is formed on the light-sensitive member 69. The light deflector may have also a mirror cover 64 with aperture 65 for letting the light beam in and out to prevent dust from the air attaching to the mirrors 63 of the rotating polygonal mirror 62.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view illustrating the construction of the light deflector used in the above-described image recording apparatus or an image reading apparatus.
In the figure, 1 is a fixed shaft, 1-1 are grooves for forming a dynamic pressure air bearing, 2 is a housing, 3 is a rotation sleeve, 4 is a mirror flange, 5 is a magnet yoke, 6 is an inner magnet, 7 is an outer magnet, 8 is a stator core, 9 is a substrate fixing stud, 10 is a circuit substrate on which a drive control circuit or the like is mounted, 11 is a magnetic field detecting element, 12, 14, 17, 23 and 25 are screws, 13 is a stud for fixing the stator core 8, 62 is a rotating polygonal mirror, 16 is a cap flange, 18 is a very small aperture formed in the cap flange 16, 19 is an air reservoir, 20 is a spacing between the rotation sleeve 3 and fixed shaft 1, 21 is a housing adaptor for mounting the light deflector on the frame of the apparatus, 22 is a damper, 24 is a collar and 63 is a mirror facet.
In the figure, one end of the shaft 1 (in this figure, the lower end of the shaft) is fixed to the housing 2. On the surface of the fixed shaft 1 are formed grooves 1-1 for forming the dynamic pressure air bearing which functions as a radial bearing, which prevents shifting of the center of rotation from its predetermined position when the fixed shaft 1 is affected by a force at a right angle to it.
A rotor portion constituting a rotating drive portion is the portion mounted around the fixed shaft 1 with the spacing 20, namely, the rotation sleeve 3, the mirror flange 4 fixed to the rotation sleeve 3 by press fitting, adhesion or the like, the magnet yoke 5, the inner magnet 6 and the outer magnet 7.
The rotating polygonal mirror 62 is installed on the rotor portion by inserting the rotation sleeve 3 into a center hole of the rotating polygonal mirror 62, covering them with the cap flange 16 and fixing the cap flange 16 on the rotation sleeve 3 by the screw 17. At the same timer an air reservoir 19 is formed to provide a damping effect in the axial direction of the shaft 1.
The stator portion of the rotation drive principally comprises the housing 2, the shaft 1 one end of which is fixed into the housing 2 by press fitting or the like, the toroidal stator core 8 fixed on the housing 2 by the stud 13 for fixing the stator core 18 and the screw 14, the substrate 10 supported by the substrate fixing stud 9 set on the stator core 8 and the magnetic field detecting element 11, for which a Hall element is suitable, mounted on the substrate 10.
On the housing 2, the housing adaptor 21 is fixed by the screw 23 and the substrate 10 is fixed by the collar 24 and screw 25.
The inner magnet 6 and outer magnet 7 are permanent magnets, and therefore a magnetic attraction force works between these magnets and the stator core 8 facing them. The magnetic attraction force prevents a relative movement of facing positions of the stator core 8 and these magnets in the axial direction of the fixed shaft 1.
That is to say, in FIG. 7, if the inner magnet 6 and outer magnet 7 shift upward, a component of the magnetic attraction force pulls down the rotor portion. If they shift downward, a component of the magnetic attraction force pulls up the rotor portion. Thus the inner magnet 6, outer magnet 7 and stator core 8 are held in a predetermined position facing one another by the influence of the magnetic attraction force. In other words, the inner magnet 6, outer magnet 7 and stator core 8 constitute a magnetic thrust bearing.
The magnetic field detecting element 11, for example, a Hall element, detects the flux of the outer magnet 7 to determine whether a north or south magnetic pole has passed in the rotation of the outer magnet 7.
A detection signal is transmitted to a control circuit (not shown in the figure) through a printed circuit on the substrate 10. Based on the detection signal, the control circuit determines the direction of the electrical current in the coils wound on the stator core 8. As a result, force is generated in such a direction that rotation continues by the mutual relationship between the inner magnet 6 and outer magnet 7. Like magnetic poles of the inner magnet 6 and the outer magnet 7 are arranged to face each other.
When the rotation sleeve 3 rotates, a high pressure air layer is generated around the fixed shaft 1, namely, in the space between the shaft 1 and the rotation sleeve 3. The rotation sleeve 3 is supported floating on the shaft 1, thus constituting the dynamic pressure air bearing.
The grooves 1-1 for generating the dynamic pressure are formed on the outer surface of the shaft 1 in the above example, but may be formed on the inner surface of the rotation sleeve 3.
The high pressure air layer maintains a fixed center of rotation of the rotor. For example, if the rotation sleeve 3 shifts to the right, the right side space in the rotation sleeve 3 is enlarged and the air pressure in the spacing is reduced. On the other hand, the left side space in the rotation sleeve 3 is narrowed and the air pressure in the space increases. The difference between air pressures in the right side space and left side space moves the rotation sleeve 3 to the left and finally it returns to its original position.
The rotating polygonal mirror 62 has the shape of a regular polygonal prism, with mirrors 63 on its side faces.
As illustrated in FIG. 6, an incident light beam from the laser or the like is reflected by a mirror surface of the rotating polygonal mirror 62. As the rotating polygonal mirror 62 rotates, the reflected light beam is gradually changed in direction, namely, deflected.
When the next mirror surface appears by rotation of the rotating polygonal mirror 62, the light beam is incident on it and deflected by this mirror surface in the same manner as by the previous mirror. Consequently the scanning with the reflective light beam is carried out within a certain angle range. The scanning speed depends on the rotation speed of the rotating polygonal mirror.
Another example of the conventional light deflector of this type is disclosed by Japanese Patent Application Unexamined Publication No. Sho. 62-231922 (1987).
However, in the light deflector according to the above-described conventional technique, high-speed rotation causes the temperature to rise severely which causes deterioration of rotation accuracy or an oscillation of the light deflector or even deterioration of performance of the whole optical apparatus.
In other words, this type of light deflector is required to rotate not only with high accuracy but also at high speed. To carry out the high speed rotation, it is necessary to make the motor, namely, the rotation drive portion work effectively so that the rise in temperature may be restrained to the minimum.
However, the conventional construction of the light deflector has limits to the capability to limit the heat generated in the rotation drive portion, and therefore dispersal of the heat should be considered.
The heat is principally generated in the stator core portion producing rotation torque, and accordingly the temperature rises considerably in this area. Sometimes a method for forced cooling of the light deflector from outside has been employed, but thereby the whole apparatus is inevitably bulky and expensive because of the cooling apparatus installed.
According to the construction of the light deflector shown in FIG. 7, generated heat stays around the stator core 8 due to the configuration of the magnet yoke 5 surrounding it, which prevents the heat from escaping, that is, impairs the heat radiation property. The temperature increases more and more as the rotation speed becomes higher and the performance and reliability of not only the light deflector but also peripheral apparatuses such as a laser oscillator or optical lens is damaged or impaired.


Polymeric contrast agents are used to monitor myocardial neovascularization. The agent is injected and images of the myocardium are obtained at various time intervals after injection. Localized image enhancement indicates an area of increased angiogenesis.

1. Technical Field
This disclosure relates to methods for assessing myocardial angiogenesis using contrast agents and imaging techniques, such as, for example, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
2. Background of Related Art
Angiogenesis (also known as neovascularization) in mature adult tissues is a tightly regulated process that can occur in a number physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In particular, myocardial collateral vessels in coronary circulation can develop in response to progressive coronary artery occlusion. These coronary collaterals are natural bypass vessels that can develop in the ischemic areas of the heart to provide an alternate route for nutrient blood supply. Typical myocardial collaterals are small thin-walled vessels, ranging from about forty to about two hundred micrometers in diameter, and their presence is an indication of advanced coronary disease. Although coronary collaterals are not detected in all patients with advanced coronary disease, their presence is associated with smaller infarcts and a more benign clinical course. Sufficient collateralization can prevent the damage of heart attack. For this reason, identification of collateral circulation is clinically important. Despite its value, identification of collateralized tissue has to date been quite limited due to the insensitivity of presently available detection techniques.
Clinical agents that are currently in use detect blood capillaries. However, these agents leak out of the vasculature rapidly and have no special signal associated with newly sprouting capillaries induced by angiogenesis. Thus, the monitoring of capillary number and condition is both complex and prone to error using the presently available agents.
The difference between new and normal capillaries is further masked by the fact that the presently used clinical agent freely crosses most normal endothelium as well as new angiogenic endothelium. The monitoring of therapy to revive damaged myocardium must be sensitive to the induction of new blood vessels so that the efficacy of the therapy can be closely monitored and if necessary the therapy can be altered quickly to be more efficacious.
Therefore, it would be advantageous to be able to generate a more specific signal related to the growth of new endothelium to correctly monitor the course of therapy and reduce delay in the adjustment of the course of treatment.

Method for assessing myocardial angiogenesis


A heat dissipation structure of a semiconductor device is provided, the semiconductor device including: an electrical bonding surface electrically connected to a substrate; and a heat dissipation surface as an opposite side of the electrical bonding surface. The heat dissipation surface makes contact with a heat spreader via a conductive TIM while the heat spreader makes contact with a heat sink via an insulating TIM. A surface of the heat spreader facing the semiconductor device includes a recess part formed in at least one part in a vicinity of an outer periphery of the semiconductor device.

FIG. 7(a) is a schematic perspective view exemplarily showing a conventional lead type discrete component 1. FIG. 7(b) is a schematic perspective view exemplarily showing a surface mount semiconductor device 10 that has recently been developed.
In association with increasing an operational speed of a semiconductor switching device, it is necessary to reduce parasitic inductance of the device itself. Unlike the conventional discrete component 1 (for example, a lead type IGBT) as shown in FIG. 7(a), the semiconductor device 10 as shown in FIG. 7(b), for example, has a very high switching speed. Thus, thinning of its device package has progressed so as to realize the smallest possible parasitic inductance.
As shown in FIG. 7(b), such a semiconductor device 10 is housed in an ultra-thin package 11, and has, for example, an electrical bonding surface 11a and a heat dissipation surface 11b on the opposite side. On the electrical bonding surface 11a, at least one electrode (terminal) 12 that is electrically connected to a substrate is disposed. On the heat dissipation surface 11b, a large electrode 13 that also serves to dissipate heat is disposed. When the semiconductor device 10 is mounted, it is necessary to have an excellent heat dissipation as well as an excellent insulation reliability. For this purpose, techniques have been proposed as disclosed in, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3.

Heat dissipation structure of semiconductor device


A method for traffic forwarding in a network is provided. The method includes matching a destination IP (Internet protocol) address (DIP) of a packet, in a forwarding information base (FIB) table to point to a next-hop group for the packet, in a first matching operation. The method includes redirecting the packet to a differing next-hop group, responsive to matching each of the next-hop group for the packet and a field of the packet in a second matching operation, wherein the field marks the packet as belonging to a class of service. The method includes routing the packet to a next node, in accordance with the next-hop group or the differing next-hop group as determined for the packet. A network element is also provided.

Networks are growing ever larger, and some mechanisms used for routing packets in networks in smaller networks do not scale well for large-scale networks. A data center may have thousands of nodes, and many data centers may be connected together by networks or an extended network. Customers desire to steer traffic belonging to different traffic classes through different paths in a network. An existing technology, referred to as policy-based routing (PBR), supports this and is scalable. Yet, routers and switches in networks have electronic circuitry that is limited by transistor count, chip size, board size, energy consumption and other practical considerations as to size and scalability. While policy-based routing supports matching on packet fields, and more, which can be implemented using software and/or specialized memory, the route scale that can be handled by a typical router or switch is limited by available transistor counts and sizes of such specialized memory, or software execution speed, or both. It is within this context that the embodiments arise.

Traffic forwarding in large-scale networks


A reinforced thermoplastic resin composition is provided containing a resin main component (C) including 50% to 100% by mass of a polycarbonate resin (A) and 0% to 50% by mass of a graft copolymer (B) obtained by polymerizing a monomer mixture containing an aromatic alkenyl compound monomer (a) and a vinyl cyanide compound monomer (b) in the presence of a rubbery polymer (B1), an inorganic filler (D), a glycidyl ether unit-containing polymer (E) having a glycidyl ether unit and a mass-average molecular mass of 3,800 to 60,000, and polyamide 6/66 (F) having a moisture content of 0.1% or less in a specific ratio.

As a housing material for mobile devices (for example, notebook type or tablet type personal computers, mobile phones including smart phones, digital cameras, digital video cameras, and the like), a thermoplastic resin composition (for example, ABS resin, polycarbonate resin/ABS resin, polyamide resin, and the like), or a material obtained by reinforcing a thermoplastic resin composition with an inorganic filler has been widely used. As a method of manufacturing a mobile device housing, a method of molding a thermoplastic resin composition by injection molding is usually adopted.
In recent years, for the housing of mobile devices, it has been required to further reduce a thickness, to provide sufficient resistance to impact and load in a state of being placed in a bag or the like, to be unpainted for the purpose of cost reduction, and the like. In order to satisfy these requirements, a thermoplastic resin composition used for the housing is required to have not only high rigidity and mechanical strength (impact resistance, and the like) after processing into a molded article, but also high weld strength, heat resistance, and good moldability at the time of molding.
However, for example, since the rigidity of thermoplastic resin compositions such as an ABS resin, a polycarbonate resin/ABS resin, and a polyamide resin which are not reinforced by an inorganic filler is low after processing into a molded article, such thermoplastic resin compositions cannot cope with the requirement of reducing the thickness of the housing. In addition, polyamide resin has high hygroscopicity, and warpage, dimensional change, and appearance deterioration are likely to occur over time after molding.
Therefore, as a thermoplastic resin composition used for the housing, a reinforced thermoplastic resin composition having improved rigidity by adding an inorganic filler such as glass fiber or carbon fiber to an ABS resin or polycarbonate resin/ABS resin has been studied.
However, a reinforced thermoplastic resin composition containing an ABS resin or polycarbonate resin/ABS resin as a main component has high rigidity when formed into a molded article, and although the housing can be reduced in thickness, weld strength and impact resistance, when formed into the molded article, are insufficient. On the other hand, a reinforced thermoplastic resin composition containing a polyamide resin as the main component is excellent in weld strength after processing into a molded article, but cannot solve the above-described warpage problem. This is a problem caused by moisture absorption of the molded article after molding, and a solution to the above problem by devising a molding material has not yet been proposed.
As a reinforced thermoplastic resin composition capable of obtaining a molded article excellent in impact resistance, the following have been proposed.
(1) A reinforced thermoplastic resin composition containing an aromatic polycarbonate resin, a graft copolymer, a glass fiber surface-treated with a water-soluble polyurethane, a glycidyl ether unit-containing polymer, and a phosphate ester-based flame retardant (PTL 1).
(2) A reinforced thermoplastic resin composition containing an aromatic polycarbonate resin, a fibrous filler surface-treated with polyamide, and a lubricant having a carboxyl group (PTL 2).
As a reinforced thermoplastic resin composition capable of obtaining a molded article excellent in mechanical strength, the following have been proposed.
(3) A reinforced thermoplastic resin composition containing an aromatic polycarbonate resin, a thermoplastic polyester resin, a glass fiber surface-treated with a silane coupling agent and an epoxy resin, and a thermoplastic elastomeric polymer (PTL 3).
(4) A reinforced thermoplastic resin composition containing a polycarbonate resin, a rubber-containing polymer, and carbon fibers converged with a nylon-based sizing agent (PTL 4).

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Reinforced thermoplastic resin composition and molded article


The invention is directed to nucleophile-stable thioester generating compounds comprising a carboxyester thiol. The compounds have wide applicability in organic synthesis, including the generation of peptide-, polypeptide- and other polymer-thioesters. The invention is particularly useful for generating activated-thioesters from precursors that are made under conditions in which strong nucleophiles are employed, such as peptides or polypeptides made using Fmoc SPPS, as well as multi-step ligation or conjugation schemes that require (or benefit from the use of) compatible selective approaches for directing a specific ligation or conjugation reaction of interest.

Thioesters represent an important class of molecules that readily react with nucleophiles. Thioesters are particularly useful for conjugation and chemoselective ligation reactions. Chemical ligation involves the chemoselective covalent linkage of a first chemical component to a second chemical component. Unique, mutually-reactive functional groups present on the first and second components can be used to render the ligation reaction chemoselective. For example, thioesters are commonly used to direct the chemoselective chemical ligation of peptides and polypeptides. Several different thioester-mediated chemistries have been utilized for this purpose, such as native chemical ligation (Dawson, et al., Science (1994) 266:776-779; Kent, et al., WO 96/34878; Kent, et al., WO 98/28434).
Unfortunately, conventional conditions under which peptide and other thioesters are prepared (Hojo, et al. Pept. Chem. (1992), Volume Date 1991, 29th pp. 115-20; Canne, et al. Tetrahed. Letters (1995) 36: 1217-20; Hackeng, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. (1999) 96: 10068-73) and in some instances used, are limited to non-nucleophilic synthetic strategies. For example, a problem faced when attempting to make thioester-activated peptides using Nα-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl ("Fmoc")-based peptide synthesis is the unwanted destruction of the thioester moiety by strong nucleophiles such as piperidine or piperidine-generated hydroxide ions during synthesis of the peptide. This is a significant problem since the preferred reagent employed to remove Nα-Fmoc groups in each cycle of Fmoc-based organic synthesis contains piperidine. Piperidine like other strongly basic or nucleophilic compounds (hereinafter "nucleophiles") destroys the thioester component of the peptide, rendering it useless for subsequent thioester-mediated reactions.
Several attempts have been made to address this problem. Clippingdale et al. (J. Peptide Sci. (2000) 6: 225-234) have used a non-nucleophilic base to remove Nα-Fmoc groups of peptides made using Fmoc-based Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis ("SPPS"). This approach has several problems, including generation of unwanted deletions, side-products, and requirement for backbone protection strategies. Other groups, including, Bertozzi et al. (J. Amer. Chem. Soc. (1999) 121:11684-11689) and Pessi et al. (Journal of the American Chemical Society; 1999; 121: 11369-11374.), have reported adapting Fmoc SPPS in combination with a 'Kenner' safety-catch linker, which is stable to nucleophiles until the linker has been alkylated, to produce a fully protected peptide-thioester in solution. A drawback of this approach is the poor solubility properties of protected peptides in solution. Other drawbacks of this approach include side reactions inherent to the method, such as the formation of unwanted alkylated byproducts when the linker is alkylated to render it labile, and thus it is impractical for many applications. Similar frustration has been experienced in nucleophilic-based synthesis schemes for molecules other than peptides, such as small organic molecules.
Accordingly, what is needed is a universal and robust system for generating nucleophile-stable thioester-generating compounds and compositions compatible with organic or aqueous reaction conditions for use in various organic synthesis strategies, and conjugation and chemoselective ligation reactions that employ thioester-mediated reactions. The present invention addresses this and other needs.

Nucleophile-stable thioester generating compounds, methods of production and use


A ceramic-filled thermally-conductive composite for use in microelectronic applications includes a substantially homogeneous mixture of a solidified polymeric material and an adamantine-structured ceramic filler, such as aluminum nitride or boron nitride, wherein the solidified polymeric material is substantially continuous. The solidified polymeric material may be a material containing a predominant amount of a fusible semi-crystalline polyamide having a melting point of greater than about 250.degree. C. or a polybenzocyclobutene.

Materials for electronic circuit encapsulants, heat sinks, and sealants and the like for the microelectronics industry are generally mixtures of solidified polymeric materials, ceramic fillers, and other minor ingredients. The purpose for such encapsulants or heat sinks is to provide effective heat removal from electronic integrated circuits as well as to protect the electronic circuits from moisture, mobile ion contaminants, and ultraviolet, visible, and alpha-particle radiation. Critical properties of encapsulating and heat sink materials include high strength, high thermal conductivity, low coefficients of thermal expansion, moisture resistance, good thermal shock resistance, flexibility, and good electrical properties, such as being highly electrically insulative.
Several types of polymeric materials for use in microelectronic encapsulation and the like have been taught in the past. However, dramatic size-reduction trends and faster circuits in the microelectronics industry have resulted in smaller devices and packages which unavoidably generate more heat per unit area of the device or package. Consequently, there is a great interest in improved compositions with properties to better meet the current and future needs of the microelectronics industry.
It is, therefore, a primary object of the present invention to provide thermally-conductive composites for microelectronic applications which have high strength, high thermal conductivity, low coefficients of thermal expansion, high moisture resistance, good thermal shock resistance, greater flexibility, and good electrical properties, such as electrical insulative properties, are easily manufactured, and may be used at elevated temperatures. It is another object of the present invention to provide methods for making such composites.

Ceramic-filled thermally-conductive-composites containing fusible semi-crystalline polyamide and/or polybenzocyclobutenes for use in microelectronic applications


A vibration generator comprises a first rotational shaft 21 and second rotational shaft 22, with fixed driving gears 31 and 33, movable driving gears 32 and 34, fixed eccentric weights 51A and 52A, and movable eccentric weights 51B and 52B, and on the outer periphery of the phase adjustment shaft 23 which is arranged in parallel therewith, spiral grooves 61 and 62 are provided at two locations in the rotative directions opposite to each other, and at the same time, on the inner periphery of a pair of phase adjustment gears 35 and 36, pins 63 and 64 are planted to be slidably fitted into the above-mentioned spiral grooves 61 and 62. Then, the phase adjustment shaft 23 is forced by a cylinder 50 in the axial direction.. The vibromotive force can be varied arbitrarily and infinitely, even during operation; yet the structure is simple and rational, and is fabricated easily.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a vibration generator used for a vibrating pile driver, various shakers, sieving equipment, and the like and, more particularly, to the vibration generator capable of obtaining an arbitrarily and infinitely changeable vibromotive force or amplitude by rotating eccentric weights.
2. Description to the Prior Art
As the vibration generator utilizing the centrifugal force which is generated by rotating eccentric weights, there is known a vibration generator in which even numbers of a pair of rotational shafts with eccentric weights are rotatively supported in a casing member in parallel with each other and at the same time, driving gears are mounted on each of the rotational shafts to allow the adjacent gears to engage each other, so that one group of the rotational shafts and the other group thereof are rotated in the opposite directions to offset the horizontal components of the centrifugal force generated by the eccentric weights mounted on each of the rotational shafts and to add the vertical components simultaneously; thus providing the casing member with the vibromotive force by the aforesaid vertical components in the vertical direction, for example.
In a vibration generator such as this, the entire body of the vibration generator is vibrated with frequency in response to the revolution of the rotational shaft by means of supporting the casing member through springs or dampers. As a result, it is possible to drive in the pile or draw it out by actuating the vibration generator while supporting a pile such as a steel sheet pile with the casing member through a chuck, and it is also possible to perform mixing work or sieving work by incorporating such vibrating generator with a shaker or sieving equipment.
In the conventional vibration generator mentioned above, the eccentric weights are fixed to the rotational shafts, thus making it difficult to modify the vibromotive force or amplitude arbitrarily during operation. Furthermore, in a vibration generator such as this, the driving power required to rotate the eccentric weights at rest at the initial stage of the operation is extremely large as compared with the driving power required to rotate the weights which have once arrived at the rated revolution thereof. Accordingly, if the driving power required to rotate the eccentric weights at rest before bringing them to the rated revolution could be reduced, it should be possible to implement the miniaturization of the driving power source such as a motor, thereby improving significantly the utilization efficiency of energy such as power to be consumed. Therefore, there is a strong demand that a method should be implemented thereby to reduce with ease the driving power required for the revolution of the rotational shafts at the initial stage of the operation.
Also, in the vibration generator used for a vibrating pile driver, for example, it is required to implement a method thereby to modify with ease the vibromotive force or amplitude in response to the ground condition and the like at a location where the pile is driven in so as to improve the operativity of the pile driving or that of the pile drawing, or a method thereby to prevent the resonance phenomena generated at the time of activating or braking the vibration.
To meet such demands as mentioned above, several vibration generators capable of modifying the vibromotive force or amplitude are in consideration at present. However, there exists a disadvantage in all of them that the number of parts is great due to the complicated structure, leading unavoidably to a significant cost increase.
In consideration of these problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a vibration generator capable of varying the vibromotive force or amplitude arbitrarily and infinitely even during the operation, which is yet simply and rationally structured so as to be built with ease.

Vibration generator adjustable during operation


The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing rapid-hardening concrete and a method for producing same, the rapid-hardening concrete being produced by intermixing and dissipating air in normal concrete and adding an early-strength admixture thereto. With respect to forming rapid-hardening concrete, mixed concrete is formed by mixing in a large volume of air bubbles to be discarded, along with an early-strength admixture, to already mixed normal concrete, the early-strength admixture getting evenly dispersed therewithin by means of the ball bearing effect of the air bubbles, and when the mixed concrete is discharged, a rapid-hardening concrete is shotcreted while excess air contained in the mixed concrete is dissipated by means of high-performance air, the slump which was raised due to the large amount of air bubbles having been reduced to the slump range for normal concrete.

A method for manifesting early strength is generally classified into two types: one using a normal Portland cement as it is and the other using a normal Portland cement mixed with an early-strength admixture.
In order to manifest a high strength at an early age of an existing normal Portland cement, a high-early-strength cement or an early-strength admixture prepared to have great powder or a great amount of components ensuring early strength is intermixed to give a much higher early strength in comparison to a high-early-strength cement concrete. However, at this time, economic feasibility and durability should be considered.
In other words, when an early-strength admixture is intermixed, costs should be considered since the early-strength admixture is much more expensive than the high-early-strength cement concrete. Also, since the early-strength admixture weakens resistance against freezing-thawing or cracks, long-term public service is deteriorated.
The high-early-strength concrete gives a compressive strength of 21 MPa, which is a usable strength, within 3 days, and early strength is manifested using a high-early-strength cement, an early-strength admixture or an early-strength chemical admixture. An ultrahigh-early-strength concrete manifests a usable strength in 1 day and generally gives an early strength by using an early-strength admixture.
An ultra-rapid-set cement manifests a usable strength 3 hours after being mixed with water and thus is used for various emergent constructions. The ultra-rapid-set cement is classified into an alumina-based ultra-rapid-set cement, an amorphous alumina-based ultra-rapid-set cement and a Hauyne ultra-rapid-set cement depending on minerals giving a rapid-hardening property. The ultra-rapid-set cement is obtained by mixing ultra-rapid-set clinker powder to a normal Portland cement by the content of 20 to 45% depending on its rapid-hardening characteristic.
In Korea, various kinds of ultra-rapid-set cements have been developed and frequently used since 1970, but these cements are not stable for a long term since products after hydration reactions are isolated. In particular, since these cements are weak against calcium chloride, when these cements are exposed to a deicing agent used in winter, durability performance is deteriorated, for example due to severe surface separation.
In addition, in case of the high-early-strength concrete, an initial setting generally appears after 60 minutes, a concrete mixer truck may be carefully used if a transporting distance is not long. However, in case of an ultrahigh-early-strength concrete and a rapid-hardening concrete, an initial setting generally appears within 60 minutes, and thus it is substantially impossible to produce these concretes at a batcher plant and transport them using a concrete mixer truck. Therefore, in this case, a mobile mixer or a small mixer is used, which increases production costs.
Here, the initial setting means a state where a cement paste is still soft but has no fluidity, and the time at this is called an initial setting time. Also, the final setting means a state where the cement paste looks like being coagulated as time passes, and the time at this is called a final setting time.

Apparatus for producing rapid-hardening concrete by intermixing and dissipating air in normal concrete and adding early-strength admixture thereto, and method for producing same

Kangwon National University University-Industry Cooperation Foundation


Systems, methods, and software for providing a virtualized communication networking environment are provided herein. In one example, a method includes identifying a media access control address for a network interface of a virtual machine, the media access control address comprising at least one communication network indicator associated with a virtualized local area network. If a virtual network element has not been generated for handling traffic associated with the network interface of the virtual machine, then generating the virtual network element and associating the virtual network element with the virtualized local area network based on the communication network indicator. When the virtual network element has been generated, then assigning the network interface of the virtual machine to the virtual network element associated with the virtualized local area network based on the communication network indicator of the media access control address.

Wireless communication networks typically employ various wireless access nodes and communication systems spread over geographic locations to provide wireless access to communication services for user devices. These wireless communication networks include backend computing systems and network infrastructure elements to support not only the user traffic, but also overhead and administration traffic between the various communication nodes of the communication network.
Backend computing systems can be utilized to handle traffic of applications and databases that support a variety of network-centric services of the wireless communication network. These wireless communication networks can include nationwide cellular voice and data systems, deployed for connecting a multitude of end users to various services, such as communication application servers, authorization and authentication databases, among other applications and services.
Virtualization can be employed to run these applications, services, and databases in virtual machines on flexible hardware systems instead of on physically installed and separated server devices. However, at some level, physical computing machines are employed, and typically use physical networking elements to connect the various elements and nodes together. However, these various physical network elements can be troublesome and time consuming to configure and manage, leading to downtime, errors, and wasted physical resources when traffic loads are low.

Automatically generated virtual network elements for virtualized local area networks


In a method for processing an acoustic panel (22), the panel comprises: a sheet (42) having a first face (44), a second face (46), and apertures (48) open to the first face and second face; and a mesh (60) along the first face. The method comprises forcing the mesh into a plurality of the apertures.

The disclosure relates to gas turbine engines. More particularly, the disclosure relates to acoustic panels.
An exemplary acoustic panel, generally referred to as a panel, is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,151,311, issued Sep. 29, 1992. Such a panel comprises a honeycomb core. A backing sheet is secured to one face of the core. A foraminate (e.g., perforated) face sheet is secured along the opposite face. A wire mesh is secured along the outer face of the face sheet. Various metallic and non-metallic materials have been used for the core and sheets. Similarly, a variety of adhesives are used for securing the sheets to the core and the mesh to the face sheet.
Failure of the adhesive securing the mesh to the face sheet is one failure mode. The amount and nature of the adhesive initially used in panel assembly is limited by the desire to not excessively block the mesh openings. Exemplary failure involves delamination over an area. Delamination may be accompanied by a rupture (e.g., a simple tear or a loss of some area of material) or not.
Delamination risks further loss of mesh. To prevent such further loss one may need to replace the affected panel, taking an aircraft out of service. One may alternatively resecure the delaminated material. Adhesive resecuring raises issues of occluding the mesh openings. It also may require that the engine/aircraft be taken out of service for sufficient time to cure or be taken to a climate controlled hangar to facilitate cure of the adhesive.

Acoustic panel repair methods and apparatus


A low profile rotatable electrical plug includes a housing and a set of conductive prongs positioned on one face of the housing for insertion into a conventional wall outlet. A power cord exits the housing in a direction generally perpendicular to the prongs such that the cord parallels the wall when the plug is inserted into a wall outlet. A rotative coupling device mounted within the housing provides a rotative electrical connection between the power cord and the prongs. The rotative coupling device includes first and second sets of conductors carried by respective conductor support plates. The conductors in the first support plate are electrically connected to respective conductors in the power cord, and the conductors in the second support plate are electrically connected to respective prongs. The first support plate is fixedly mounted within the housing and the second support rotates within the housing relative to the first support plate. The prongs extend from the second support plate and through an aperture in the housing for rotation relative to the cord. The plug further includes structure for releasably locking the position of the power cord with respect to the prongs.

Conventional electrical plugs are undesirable because they typically include a housing which protrudes a substantial distance from the wall once the plug is inserted into the outlet. This protrusion makes the plug susceptible to unintentional disengagement by moving objects and also prevents furniture and other objects from being placed close to the wall.
Over the years a variety of plugs have been developed which have low profile housings (hereinafter referred to as "low profile plugs"). Low profile plugs are advantageous because they have a reduced housing profile in comparison to conventional electrical plugs. As such, they are less susceptible to unintentional disengagement and permit objects to be placed closer to the wall than is possible with conventional plugs.
In most low profile plugs, the power cord exits the plug perpendicular to the prongs so as to decrease the profile of plug's housing. Hence, when the plug is inserted into a wall outlet, the power cord exits the plug housing parallel to the face of the wall outlet. These plugs are undesirable because it is possible for the cord to block other receptacles in the outlet, thereby preventing additional plugs from being inserted into the outlet. This is even more of a problem with polarized plugs or plugs incorporating a ground prong since these plugs can only be inserted into the wall outlet in one orientation.
In recognition of this problem, it is known to orient the electrical cord to ensure that it does not overlay the other receptacles in the outlet. Examples of such designs are illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,927,376 issued to Dickie and U.S. Pat. No. 3,975,075 issued to Mason. Dickie discloses a low profile plug in which the cord exits the plug body at an acute angle with respect to a vertical axis of the plug. The cord then passes through a sleeve that reorients the cord with the vertical axis. Similarly, Mason discloses a profile plug in which the cord exits tangentially from a circular plug housing at such an angle that it does not overlay the other receptacles in a standard wall outlet. When several plugs are inserted into a single wall outlet, such plug designs are undesirable because all of the cords leave the outlet in the same direction. As such it is difficult to route electrical cords in several directions from a single wall outlet without entangling the various cords. Besides being unsightly, tangled electrical cords should be avoided because they can be dangerous.
This problem can be addressed by a plug design in which the cord rotates with respect to the prongs. An example of a rotatable plug is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,026,618 to Straka. However, the rotatable plug described in Straka is undesirable for several reasons. First, it is now common for electrical plugs to include three prongs. However, Straka only discloses a two-prong rotatable plug and does not provide a method for incorporating three prongs in a rotatable plug. Second, in Straka a bolt extends through the plug components to hold the components together and to serve as an axis of rotation for the plug's components. This bolt is problematic because it extends beyond the back face of the plug and hence can prevent the plug from being fully inserted into an outlet. In addition, the bolt can be loosened by rotation of the plug components. Finally, in many applications it is desirable to fix the cord's position once the plug is inserted in an outlet; however, Straka does not provide a method for quickly locking the position of the cord with respect to the prongs.
The present invention is directed to overcoming one or more of the above-noted problems.
More specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide a low profile plug that is economical and simple to manufacture.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a low profile electrical plug in which the cord rotates 360.degree. with respect to the prongs.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a rotatable low profile electrical plug in which the position of the cord is releasably lockable with respect to the position of the prongs.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a low profile electrical plug which can incorporate two electrical prongs or three electrical prongs without substantial design changes or manufacturing set up changes.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and appended claims, and upon reference to the accompanying drawings.


Embodiments of the present invention provide techniques for registering devices with a distributed antenna system (DAS) and managing access to one or more mobile networks provided through the DAS. The DAS may include a centralized hub that may interface with various base stations to provide one or more mobile networks in a DAS deployment. In some embodiments, the centralized hub may communicate with one or more remote units that convert signals received from the centralized hub to be communicated using one of the distributed antennas. When a device attempts to connect to the mobile network, an access manager in the DAS can determine whether the device can access the mobile network. Access can be determined based on device registration with the DAS. In various embodiments, different service levels may be made available to different users, devices, types of traffic, etc. by the DAS.

Wireless networking is an increasingly common feature provided by businesses, residential and commercial spaces, municipalities, and other areas. WI-FI and mobile networks enable many common devices, such as desktop computers, laptop computers, smartphones, digital cameras, tablet computers and digital audio players, to communicate with one another, access network resources, connect to other networks, such as the internet, etc. However, modern construction, such as dense commercial and residential buildings, event spaces, and the like, can interfere with mobile networks originating from base stations. This leads to dropped calls, low data rates inside buildings and poor battery life of devices forced to increase transmission power to connect to available mobile networks.
Embodiments of the present invention provide techniques that address these and other problems in network environments.

Techniques for device registration and prioritization in a cellular as a service environment


The present invention relates to a new use of macrolide compounds of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, for preventing or treating cerebral ischemic disease, such as, brain damage caused by ischemia, such as cerebral infarction. So, they are useful when the following diseases or injury occur. That is, head injury, hemorrhage in brain such as subarachnoid hemorrhage or intracerebral hemorrhage, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism, cardiac arrest, stroke, transient ischemic attacks (TIA), hypertensive encephalopathy and so on.

The macrolide compounds used in this invention are known and disclosed, for example, in European Patent Publication No. 0184162 and International Publication No. WO 89/05304.
These known macrolide compounds include the fermentation products, such as FR-900506, FR-900520, FR-900523 and FR-900525 which were isolated from microorganisms belonging to genus Streptomyces, such as Streptomyces tsukubaensis No. 9993 (FERM BP-927) or Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. yakushimaensis No. 7238 (FERM BP-928), and their related compounds prepared from these fermentation products.
These macrolide compounds were indicated inter alia for use in the treatment of rejection to transplantation, autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases caused, for example, by Aspergillus, Fusarium, Trichophyton, and the like.

Use of macrolides for the treatment of cerebral ischemia


In a process for beneficiating one or more mineral values of sulfide ores by treating the sulfide ore with a metal containing compound under conditions such as to selectively enhance the magnetic susceptibility of the mineral values to the exclusion of the gangue in order to permit a separation between the values and gangue, the improvement comprising pretreating the sulfide ore by heating it to a temperature of at least about 80.degree. C. for at least about 0.1 hours.

As is well-known, mining operations in the past for recovering various metals, e.g., lead, copper, have utilized high grade ore deposits where possible. Many of these deposits have been exhausted and mining of lower grade ores is increasing. The processing of these leaner ores consumes large amounts of time, labor, reagents, power and water with conventional processing.
In addition to the increased expense associated with the extraction of these metals from low grade ores, proposed processes for separation of certain of the sulfide ores are technically very difficult and involve elaborate and expensive equipment. In many cases the expense incurred by such separation would be greater than the commercial value of the metal, such that the mineral recovery, while theoretically possible, is economically unfeasible.
Copending patent application "Process for Beneficiating Sulfide Ores", Ser. No. 086,830 filed Oct. 22, 1979 teaches the treatment of sulfide ores with a metal containing compound under conditions such as to selectively enhance the magnetic susceptibility of the mineral values to the exclusion of the gangue, allowing for a separation of these values from the gangue. However, it appears as though the presence of various volatile compounds within the ore can have an adverse effect on the recovery of mineral values in a process which enhances the magnetic susceptibility of the mineral values. Pretreating the raw sulfide ore with heat in order to volatilize these various components, and thereafter selectively enhancing the magnetic susceptibility of the mineral values so that they may be separated from the gangue, substantially enhances the effectiveness of the separation of the mineral values from the gangue. Additionally, pretreatment with heat, optionally in the presence of various gaseous additives, enhances the basic process, apparently as a result of differing mechanisms.


A body of a seal ring is in an annular shape and includes an abutment joint at a location in the circumferential direction. The opposite ends of the body forming the abutment joint include an overlapping part where one end and the other end of the body overlap each other. The overlapping part includes a step cut joint that forms an overlap in the radial direction and a lap joint that forms an overlap in the plate thickness direction. Facing faces that face each other in the plate thickness direction in the lap joint are planes extending from an inner peripheral circular arc of the seal ring up to an outer peripheral circular arc of the seal ring.

A seal ring that is made of a hard material such as a resin or metal is provided with an abutment joint for absorbing a difference in linear expansion. The abutment joint is a separated part in the circumferential direction in the seal ring. When being in the free length of the seal ring in a no-load condition, the opposite ends of the seal ring, the opposite ends forming the abutment joint, are separated from each other in the circumferential direction, and the outer diameter dimension of the seal ring is slightly larger than the inner diameter dimension of an assembled object (e.g., a nozzle). When the seal ring is assembled to the inside of an inner wall of the assembled object, the outer peripheral edge of the seal ring is pressed against the inner wall of the assembled object, and the outer peripheral edge of the seal ring fits with the inner wall of the assembled object.
The opposite ends of the seal ring, the opposite ends forming the abutment joint, may not be aligned, but may be displaced from each other in the radial direction due to a local load applied to the seal ring when a valve is opened or due to distortion that occurs in the seal ring. In order to prevent the displacement, there has been proposed a seal ring provided with a step cut joint that prevents a displacement in an abutment joint in the radial direction by engaging the ends of the seal ring, the ends forming the abutment joint, with each other in the radial direction (e.g., refer to Patent Literature 1). However, in the configuration of Patent Literature 1, there is an apprehension that a gap may be formed in the abutment joint, and fluid may leak through the gap.


The glove suitable for use at crime scenes comprises a unitary disposable glove with an outer surface having thereon machine readable indication enabling a glove bearing such an indication to be distinguished from a glove not bearing such an indication, such indication being provided on at least a palm portion and grip portions of the tips of four fingers and a thumb of the glove. The gloves are useful in a method of investigating a crime scene, wherein crime scene operatives don the gloves for handling items at the crime scene, and items at the crime scene are then machine read to identify prints thereon made by gloves of the crime scene operatives.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to gloves for use by forensic personnel and crime scene officers, and methods of use production and use of such gloves.
2. Background Art
There are standard techniques which are used at crime scenes that require the identification of a suspect. For example, investigating officers use various reagents, powders and chemicals to reveal and enhance latent impressions that are left by physical contact by persons at crime scenes, such techniques being frequently referred to as fingerprinting.
Since the advent of fingerprinting, burglars and other criminals have worn gloves in a bid to avoid their fingerprints being found and identified at the scene of a crime. Such gloves may be of leather, textiles, plastics such as PVC, or an elastomer such as rubber latex
Any physical contact leaves a trace (Locard's law states that when A comes into contact with B a trace of B is deposited on A and a trace of A is deposited on B). All gloves leave an impression, but new latex glove impressions are quite difficult to develop when compared to fingerprints and can be easily missed; this is due to crime scene investigation (CSI) techniques being primarily aimed at developing fingerprints, because the reagent used adheres best to fingerprint grease. Development of marks left by a latex glove becomes easier when the glove's surface has become contaminated through use.
Techniques have recently been devised to make it far easier to identify individuals who leave their glove prints on surfaces. It has been shown that random elements in the manufacturing process, and subsequent wear and tear, create discernible differences between all gloves, even between those produced at the same time and using the same machinery.
These differences, which are often invisible to the naked eye, mean that, when pressed against a hard surface, each individual glove can leave a recognisable set of glove prints, based on the unique characteristics of that glove.
Glove prints can be used to prove that a particular glove was used in a crime. If the glove itself can be recovered from a suspect and its prints matched against prints taken at crime scene, this can provide valuable evidence for use in prosecution.
A database of thousands of such glove prints collected by forensic officers has therefore been collated, allowing officers to match a set of glove prints from one crime scene to those found at another such crime scene, or to a glove recovered from a suspect. See, for example, The Telegraph "Police use glove prints to catch criminals" published 13 Dec. 2008, the article being available from online sources.
However, a significant problem with the collection of glove prints at crime scenes arises because investigating officers (and others legitimately attending the crime scene) are required to wear gloves (generally thin natural rubber latex or nitrile rubber gloves) in order to avoid leaving their own fingerprints. It can therefore be difficult or impossible to distinguish the myriad of glove prints legitimately left at crime scenes from those left by the criminal.
Therefore, Applicant has devised natural rubber latex or nitrile rubber disposable gloves which can help alleviate this problem, a batch of such gloves, and also a method of producing such gloves, as well as a method of use of such gloves at crime scenes.


A speed reducer (20) of a reduction motor (1) includes a first internal gear (22) attached to the housing, an input shaft (21) having an eccentric shaft portion (21d), a first external gear (24) having a pitch circle diameter smaller than a pitch circle diameter of the first internal gear (22), and an output member (27) connected to the first external gear (24). The input shaft (21) is configured to be rotated by a rotation input from the electric motor (10). The first external gear (24) is configured to be placed inside of the first internal gear (22) under a state that a part of an external teeth (24a) of the first external gear (24) engages with an internal teeth (22d) of the first internal gear (24a). A holding member (28) fixes the first internal gear (22) in the axial direction of the input shaft (21).

A reduction motor including a reducer having a hypocycloidal deceleration mechanism is widely applied to industrial machinery of various types (e.g. Patent Document 1 to 4).
The hypocycloidal deceleration mechanism can achieve a high reduction ratio in a compact structure. A reduction motor including a reducer having a hypocycloidal deceleration mechanism can be made small. Therefore, the reduction motor including the reducer having the hypocycloidal deceleration mechanism can be easily installed in a small limited space for industrial machinery.


When subjected to radiation overload existing Geiger-Mueller counters may give an erroneously low reading, resulting in possible hazard to personnel. The instant invention discloses simple and inexpensive apparatus to remedy this dangerous shortcoming. Depending on the geometry of the detector tube, two possible failure modes have been identified, and circuitry is disclosed to detect the existence of these respective failure modes. The disclosed apparatus indicates the absence of an overload condition, in addition to signaling, by both visible and audible means, the existence of excessive radiation that might result in erroneously low reading of the Geiger-Mueller counter.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention is in the field of radiation detectors of the Geiger-Mueller type.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The Geiger-Mueller (G-M) counter is a simple and inexpensive detector for many species of ionizing radiation, such as x-rays, .gamma.-rays, .beta.-particles, and .alpha.-particles. Such an instrument typically consists of a gas-filled detector tube, a high voltage bias supply, and means for indicating the occurrence of an ionizing event within the detector tube, together with associated circuitry. For a general discussion of G-M counters see, for instance, A. C. Melisinos: Experiments in Modern Physics, Academic Press, 1966, pp. 175-177. Various types of detector tubes are in existence, but a very common design consists of a cylindrical chamber with a wire stretched along its axis. The chamber wall typically is grounded and acts as the negative electrode or cathode, whereas positive voltage is applied to the axial wire, the anode. The tube is filled with gas, such that ionizing radiation that enters the tube, typically through a "window", has a substantial probability of creating there one or more ion-electron pairs. Such an ionizing event we will call a "primary" event. If a sufficiently high voltage, of the order of one kilovolt, is applied to the anode then the free electrons that were created by a primary ionization event will be sufficiently accelerated towards the anode wire to produce secondary ion-electron pairs by collision, before eventually being collected at the anode. Similarly, the thus created secondary electrons can produce tertiary ion-electron pairs, and so on. For simplicity's sake, we refer to all non-primary ionization events as "secondary", and the products thereof as, e.g., "secondary electrons". If the tube is operated in the so-called "Geiger-Mueller regime" then a primary event will lead to substantial ionization of the volume of gas enclosed in the tube, and a discharge takes place. During the discharge the resistance between anode and cathode becomes negligible, and the tube acts essentially as a closed switch between the high voltage bias source and ground. The positive ions, being much more massive than electrons, require a substantial amount of time to drift to the cathode, where they eventually are neutralized, whereas the highly mobile electrons require only little time to reach the anode. External to the tube the discharge is observable as a current pulse having a short rise time, of the order of microseconds, and a long decay time, of the order of a millisecond. If a second primary ionization event should occur before all the ions produced as a consequence of a first primary event have been collected at the cathode then the resulting current pulse will be smaller than it would have been in the absence of the first event. This is so, inter alia, because the effective potential between anode and cathode is lowered by the presence of the positive ions. As long as primary events occur in sufficiently rapid succession the effective voltage between anode and cathode will not recover to the high level necessary for operation in the G-M regime, and the effective voltage may in fact become so low that substantially no pulses occur. In such a condition the G-M counter will appear to indicate a low or zero radiation level even though the detector tube is exposed to a high radiation level. It is obvious that such a condition would be a highly dangerous one for personnel relying on the G-M counter as an indicator of actual radiation levels present.

Geiger-Mueller radiation detector with means for detecting and indicating the existence of radiation overload

Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated


A cosmetic facial powder composition including filler, mendicant and fragrance ingredients possesses a high degree of transparency and oil absorbency provided by a large amount of the filler content being walnut shell flour having a particle size of not more than about 40 microns. The composition may be in loose or compact powder form.

This invention relates to improved walnut shell flour based powder compositions having good adsorption of body fluids. More particularly, it relates to walnut shell flour based face powder compositions.
Cosmetic powders having oil absorption properties have conventionally used a major proportion of talc. Talc, however, has certain disadvantages. For instance, when wetted with water and dried it forms hard agglomerates which are irritating to the skin. This property is reduced by replacing some of the talc with cornstarch, but cornstarch is an excellent medium for bacterial growth and is thereby another source of irritation.
White et al (U.S. Pat. No. 3,278,383) disclose topical therapeutic powder compositions containing a major proportion of finely divided alpha cellulose. The powders are alleged to be non-staining, highly absorbent, soft and smooth, free of starch and boric acid and completely non-caking and non-crusting. The White et al compositions contain bacteriostatic and fungistatic agents and are primarily baby powders.
While corn cob dust or corn cob flour or finely divided alpha cellulose have the essential properties required, they have a tendency to rot, causing them to change to a gray powder which is not readily colored to achieve an acceptable skin tone. Moreover, corn cob dust or corn cob flour is becoming increasingly less available since it is being used in the manufacture of furfural; it is also being used in the grain alcohol industry and as a carrier for pesticides.
Walnut shell flour on the other hand is readily available, has properties very similar to corn cob dust or corn cob flour and, in addition, has a more consistent color and can be converted readily, by the addition of small amounts of coloring materials, such as iron oxides (red, yellow and brown), ultramarine blue, etc., to a universal skin tone or the like. This has considerable advantage in facial powders.
Walnut shell flour is obtained in fine particle size (<40.mu.) and is more transparent than talc or kaolin. However, it is readily used in combination therewith to provide face powders with a high degree of transparency and oil absorbency. In addition, walnut shell flour is more readily compacted than corn cob dust or corn cob flour. This is a desirable factor in the preparation of compacted or pressed face powders.
Particle size is important in face powder preparations since the walnut shell flour becomes less transparent, rougher, more dusty, loses absorption and becomes less compactible as the particle size increases. Thus, the compositions of the present invention preferable utilize finely divided walnut shell flour, i.e. having a particle size less than about 30 microns.
The face powder compositions of the present invention may contain in addition to walnut shell flour other fillers, such as talc, kaolin, tatanium coated mica, and the like, to provide additional absorption of body oils and moisture. Total filler content of the powders ranges from about 90% to 99%, while the walnut shell flour content will vary from about 30% to 99%, and preferably from about 30% to 60% for loose powders and 40% to 80% for pressed powders.
The compositions may also contain metallic stearates, such as zinc or magnesium stearates, to assist in skin adhesion, and as a binder. In addition, they provide a smooth, supple feel.
Medicaments, e.g., fungicides, such as Vancide 89RE, N-(trichloromethylmercapto)-4-cyclohexane 1,2-dicarboximide; binders, such as triethyl citrate, mineral oil or polyethylene glycol stearates; colorants, such as red, yellow, and brown oxides; fragrances, and the like, may also be included in the composition.

Cosmetic facial powder containing walnut shell flour


A security framework for a multi-tenant, multi-tier computer system with embedded processing is described. A multi-tenant security framework is created for a combined processing and storage hierarchy of multiple tiers. The multi-tenant security framework is applied to multiple execution levels of the memory device. The multi-tenant security framework is applied to multiple layers of application server software of the memory device. The multi-tenant security framework is also applied to multiple layers of storage server software of the memory device.

Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) is a widely used memory media, but is volatile. As used herein, volatile indicates that the media loses its contents when power is removed. Advances in memory technology signal that DRAM will be replaced by a media which is nonvolatile, e.g., nonvolatile memory (NVM). This change in technology has many implications and will require significant changes in computing and security systems. The union of volatile DRAM and nonvolatile hard drive disk (HDD) will be replaced by NVM, where compute memory and storage functions are instead merged into the same hardware. Memory system administration policies of the operating system and the file system policies of the storage controller are to co-exist within the persistent memory of a converged server and storage infrastructure.
Most threats to data are characterized as either physical attacks or software attacks. Physical attacks are where the threat agent can get physical access to data storage devices or computer hardware and probe the interfaces or trace execution of threads, or other 'hands on' analysis. Software attacks are those where the threat agent launches requests for data to the storage devices via the same interfaces that are used by authorized computing agents. In the case of either type of malicious attack on a persistent memory (PM) device, the enforcement of security for the PM device will be different than for a traditional device in which volatile memory for computing functions is separate from nonvolatile storage.

Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP


A motion descriptor generating apparatus using accumulated motion histogram and a method therefor. Accumulated motion histograms are generated and motion descriptors are generated by using the accumulated motion histograms. The motion descriptor generating apparatus uses an accumulated motion histogram and includes a motion histogram generating unit for respectively generating a motion histogram with relation to intensity data and direction data of an input motion. An accumulated motion histogram generating unit generates a two-dimensional accumulated motion histogram in a predetermined sequence by using the motion histogram which is generated in the motion histogram generating unit. A motion descriptor generating unit structures (hierarchy structure) video into certain units according to a change amount of the accumulated motion histogram based on a lapse of time, which is generated in the accumulated motion intensity histogram generating unit. A motion descriptor is generated which describes motion characteristics with relation to the respective structured units.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a motion descriptor generating apparatus by using accumulated motion histogram and a method therefor, in which after motion information onto a video concept is processed in view of human perceptual characteristics, accumulated motion histogram is generated and a motion descriptor is generated by using the accumulated motion histogram, thereby being applicable to multi-media database or search system, that is, video application fields.
2. Description of the Conventional Art
Recently, due to the continuous development of expression media, delivery media, storing media and operating these media, demands for free production of large capacity of multimedia data rather than a mono media, rapid search and convenient use and reuse has a tendency toward increasing. The demands for production of free multimedia have been satisfied with according to the development of electronic expression media, and therefore, huge amount of mono-media or multimedia data become scattered on personal or public systems.
However, as the amount of multimedia data increase, time and expense required for searching data to use or reuse become proportionally increased. Therefore, in order to increase the speed and efficiency of data search, it has been researched and developed new search techniques which include the widely-known character-based search technique and have composite information attribute, thereby being suitable for efficient data search of multimedia.
In order to perform search and index of the multimedia data efficiently, it is necessary to achieve minimization of the number of information attribute which express respective media data, simplification of whole procedures and real-time processing. Furthermore, it is necessary to guarantee effectiveness and variety of information attribute to express and flexibility of search.
Further the subjective similarity and the objective similarity of search result is the important factors to evaluate the performance of search. The importance of the subjective similarity is resulted from the limitation in the representation of information characteristics which describes the media data characteristics. Therefore, even though the objective similarity is large, the validity and utility of the search are degraded if the search result as desired by users. Accordingly, it has been continuously studied to develop methods which may reflect subjective similarity to the information attribute which expresses the media data characteristics.
The difference between character-based search and multimedia data-based search, which are both widely used in the fields, is the difficulty of information attribute extraction and variety of information attribute description.
In the view of the difficulty of information attribute extraction, even though it is possible to conduct a search the character data by indexing several principal words and sentences in a document, the data size is to large and lots of media are mixed in case of multimedia so that a proper preprocessing is required in order to obtain new valid information attribute in which information attributes are organically combined each other.
The preprocessing is performed to extract valid characteristics information and to give validity to the procedure. In addition, even though a method is able to detect valid characteristics information; the method can not be put into practical in the application fields that the large amount of multimedia data should be processed in a short time or terminal systems have bad performance, if the expense for hardware (H/W) and software (S/W) in the procedure.
Now, the variety of information attribute description will be described in case of video search, as an example. The video is mixed with various media information such as images, voice, sound, etc. Therefore, after valid information attribute is extracted by preprocessing the information attribute of the respective mono-media data or the information attribute of multimedia which is mixed with more than two media, the data search in the various type be conducted by using the extracted information attribute. For example, in order to search the video, information attribute of images may be utilized and it is also possible to utilize the combined information attribute of images and voices. Therefore, the search which utilizes the various multimedia attributes is more effective than that which utilizes only a single mono-media attributes.
Nowadays, most of studies have been concentrated on the field of stop image which is easier to obtain data in multimedia data indexing and search. The still image is widely utilized in the fields of storing system such as digital electronic steel cameras and image database, transmission system such as stop image transmission device or audio graphic conference and image conference, and printing system such as a printer. The still image indexing or search is the image search method based on the content. Therefore, the importance resides on the extraction, indexing and search method of characteristics information which has a consistent characteristic with relation to the change such as rotation, scale, and translation of the color, texture and shape of the images.
The video search fields is not easy to obtain data comparing with the stop image and limited in its application due to the large capacity of data to store and process. However, owing to the rapid development of the transmission media and storing media such as discs, tapes and cd roms, the expense required for obtaining the data decreases-and owing to the tendency of minimizing of the necessary devices, the study in this fields becomes vigorous. In general, the video refers all the series of images which have sequence in the continuous time. Therefore, the video has the spatial redundancy (repetition) in an image and between images, which is the difference of the characteristics of the video images from the stop images. In the video search method, the reducdance between images may be importantly utilized in the extraction of the characteristics information.
The redundancy between video frames may be measured by using the motion degree. For example, if the redundancy is large, it means that the size of region is large and the motion between the region is small. On the other hand, if the redundancy is small, it means that the size of region is small and the motion between the region is large. At present, video compression methods, of which standardization is finished, adopt motion estimation between images (BMA-Block Matching Algorithm) for thereby improving data compression efficiency (H.261, H.263, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4).
In the conventional video search method, a certain temporal position (hereinafter, to be referred to xe2x80x9cclipxe2x80x9d) of certain units is structured on the basis of changes in the color, texture, shape and motion between images, several key frames, which represent meaning characteristics and signal characteristics of the images in the clip, are selected, and the characteristics information are extracted with relation to the information attributes of the selected key frames to perform them in indexing or search.
In the video structuring, general structure is to be a hierarchical structure which is comprised of basic unit xe2x80x9cshotxe2x80x9d which is a series of stop images having no temporal disconnection, xe2x80x9cScenexe2x80x9d which is a series of continuous shots, having temporal and spatial continuity in the content, and xe2x80x9cStoryxe2x80x9d which is a series of continuous scenes in the four steps of composition.
FIG. 17B shows the general video structure. The video structuring may be achieved in the type of an event tree on the basis of signal characteristics. In the video structuring, the structuring information of the signal characteristics and the significant characteristics may exist together on the basis of correlated link.
In FIG. 17B, the segment tree as shown in the left side and the segment tree as shown in the right side are linked together in the direction as shown by the arrow. For example, if Clinton case which is structured in the event tree is searched, the video link is carried on the event tree from segment 1 to a video of shot 2 of sub-segment 1 and a video of shot 3 of the segment 3.
Further, a single stop image may be also structured. For example, in case of a photograph that a person is in a forest, the structuring is advanced in such a manner that the person and the forest structure an object, face and body structure the person, and eyes, nose, ears, etc, structure the face, as shown in FIG. 17A. FIG. 17A is a view for explaining the structuring of a stop image. In FIG. 17A, it is possible to structure the signal in the shape of region tree which is on the basis of signal characteristics in the images and the meaning in the shape of object tree which is on the basis of objects having sensory meaning in the images. In general, the signal structuring is performed by semi-automatic and automatic stop structuring, while the meaning structuring, which is the conceptional structuring, is performed manually by users by means of manual structuring method.
In the structure of the stop image, as shown in FIG. 17A, the structuring information of the signal characteristics and the meaning characteristics may exist together on the basis of correlated link between the region tree which is shown in the left side and the object tree which is shown in the right side.
The sound signal is comprised of background noise, people""s conversation voices, and background music.
The video structuring becomes more precise as the number of images of a video increases and has an advantage that the search may be conducted faster by this video structuring than by the indexing which utilizes the variety of characteristics.
FIG. 18 is a view for explaining the video structuring by the unit of xe2x80x9cscenexe2x80x9d.
The indexing and search methods by using the key frames do not describe any characteristics of the signal characteristics, temporal and spatial distributions and changes with relation to the whole video, images between the key frames, and a specific temporal period so that the methods have disadvantages that it is not suitable for such applications which requires the above characteristics which can not described by the key frames.
The present invention is derived to resolve the disadvantages of the conventional techniques and it is an object of the present invention to provide a motion descriptor generating apparatus by using accumulated motion histogram and a method therefor, in which perceptual characteristics of user may be reflected in the motion indexing and search of video content, for thereby supporting the users"" indexing and search in various stages.
In order to achieve the above objects of the present invention, it is provided a motion descriptor generating apparatus by using accumulated motion histogram, which includes a motion histogram generating unit for respectively generating motion histogram with relation to intensity data and direction data of an input motion, an accumulated motion histogram generating unit for generating two-dimensional accumulated motion histogram in a predetermined sequence by using the motion histogram which is generated in the motion histogram generating unit, and a motion descriptor generating unit for structuring (hierarchicy structure) video into certain units according to a change amount of the accumulated motion histogram with the lapse of time, which is generated in the accumulated motion intensity histogram generating unit, and generating motion descriptor which describes motion characteristics with relation to the respective structured units.
In order to achieve the above objects of the present invention, it is provided a method for generating motion descriptors by using accumulated motion histogram, which includes the steps of generating motion histogram for input motion intensity and direction data, generating accumulated motion histogram for generating two-dimensional accumulated motion histogram from the generated motion histogram in a predetermined sequence, and structuring (hierarchy structure) video into certain units with relation to the generated accumulated motion histogram according to a change amount with the time lapse, and generating a motion descriptor for describing motion characteristics for the respective structured units.
In order to achieve the above objects of the present invention, it is provided a motion descriptor generating apparatus by using accumulated motion histogram, which includes a motion intensity computing unit for computing intensity (degree) of input motion intensity information, a motion intensity histogram generating unit for generating motion intensity histogram with relation to the motion intensity information which is computed by the motion intensity computing unit, an accumulated motion intensity histogram generating unit for generating two-dimensional accumulated motion intensity histogram in a predetermined sequence by using the motion intensity histogram which is generated in the motion intensity histogram generating unit, a motion descriptor generating unit for structuring (hierarchy structure) video into certain units according to a change amount of the accumulated motion intensity histogram with the lapse of time, which is generated in the accumulated motion intensity histogram generating unit, and generating a motion descriptor which describes motion characteristics with relation to the respective structured units.
In order to achieve the above objects of the present invention, it is provided a motion descriptor generating apparatus by using accumulated motion histogram, which includes a motion direction computing unit for computing direction of input motion direction information, a motion direction histogram generating unit for generating motion direction histogram with relation to the motion direction information which is computed by the motion direction computing unit, an accumulated motion direction histogram generating unit for generating two-dimensional accumulated motion direction histogram in a predetermined sequence by using the motion direction histogram which is generated in the motion direction histogram generating unit, and a motion descriptor generating unit for structuring (hierarchy structure) video into certain units according to a change amount of the accumulated motion direction histogram with the lapse of time, which is generated in the accumulated motion direction histogram generating unit, and generating a motion descriptor which describes motion characteristics with relation to the respective structured units.
5. In order to achieve the above objects of the present invention, it is provided a motion descriptor generating apparatus by using accumulated motion histogram, which includes a motion intensity computing unit for computing intensity (degree) of input motion intensity information, a motion intensity histogram generating unit for generating motion intensity histogram with relation to the motion intensity information which is computed by the motion intensity computing unit, an accumulated motion intensity histogram generating unit for generating two-dimensional accumulated motion intensity histogram in a predetermined sequence by using the motion intensity histogram which is generated in the motion intensity histogram generating unit, a motion direction computing unit for computing direction of input motion direction information, a motion direction histogram generating unit for generating motion direction histogram with relation to the motion direction information which is computed by the motion direction computing unit, an accumulated motion direction histogram generating unit for generating two-dimensional accumulated motion direction histogram in a predetermined sequence by using the motion direction histogram which is generated in the motion direction histogram generating unit, and a motion descriptor generating unit for structuring (hierarchy structure video into certain units according to change amounts of the accumulated motion intensity and direction histograms with the lapse of time, which are generated in the accumulated motion intensity and direction histogram generating unit, and generating motion descriptors which describe motion characteristics with relation to the respective structured units.
In order to achieve the above objects of the present invention, it is provided a method for generating motion descriptors by using accumulated motion histogram, which includes the steps of motion intensity computing for computing intensity (degree) of input motion intensity information, motion intensity histogram generating for generating motion intensity histogram with relation to the motion intensity information which is computed in the step of motion intensity computing, accumulated motion intensity histogram generating for generating two-dimensional accumulated motion intensity histogram in a predetermined sequence by using the motion intensity histogram which is generated in the step of motion intensity histogram generating, and motion descriptor generating for structuring (hierarchy structure ) video into certain units according to a change amount of the accumulated motion intensity histogram with the lapse of time, which is generated in the step of accumulated motion intensity histogram generating, and generating a motion descriptor which describes motion characteristics with relation to the respective structured units.
In order to achieve the above objects of the present invention, it is provided a method for generating motion descriptors by using accumulated motion histogram, which includes the steps of motion direction computing for computing direction of input motion direction information, motion direction histogram generating for generating motion direction histogram with relation to the motion direction information which is computed by the step of motion direction computing, accumulated motion direction histogram generating for generating two-dimensional accumulated motion direction histogram in a predetermined sequence by using the motion direction histogram which is generated in the step of motion direction histogram generating, and motion descriptor generating for structuring (hierarchy structure) video into certain units according to a change amount of the accumulated motion direction histogram with the lapse of time, which is generated in the step of accumulated motion direction histogram generating, and generating a motion descriptor which describes motion characteristics with relation to the respective structured units.
In order to achieve the above objects of the present invention, it is provided a method for generating motion descriptors by using accumulated motion histogram, which includes motion intensity computing for computing intensity (degree) of input motion intensity information, motion intensity histogram generating for generating motion intensity histogram with relation to the motion intensity information which is computed by the step of motion intensity computing, accumulated motion intensity histogram generating for generating two-dimensional accumulated motion intensity histogram in a predetermined sequence by using the motion intensity histogram which is generated in the step of motion intensity histogram generating, motion direction computing for computing direction of input motion direction information, motion direction histogram generating for generating motion direction histogram with relation to the motion direction information which is computed by the step of motion direction computing, accumulated motion direction histogram generating for generating two-dimensional accumulated motion direction histogram in a predetermined sequence by using the motion direction histogram which is generated in the step of motion direction histogram generating, and motion descriptor generating for structuring (hierarchy structure) video into certain units according to change amounts of the accumulated motion intensity and direction histograms with the lapse of time, which are generated in the steps of accumulated motion intensity and direction histograms generating, and generating motion descriptors which describe motion characteristics with relation to the respective structured units.

Motion descriptor generating apparatus by using accumulated motion histogram and a method therefor