An improved structure of electric luminescence night lamp comprises a main housing body, a electric luminescence piece and a top cover. The main housing body is provided with a receptacle at its front face for reception of the electric luminescence piece, and a plug on its back for connecting with power supply to lighten the electric luminescence piece. A rectangular opening formed at somewhere decent in the housing body is provided with lateral grooves and is sealed by a top cover with lateral tracks. The top cover is combined to the housing body by slipped the tracks into the grooves and is movable to open or close the rectangular opening, and moreover, the top cover is also provided with a plurality of anti-slip strips on its front face to prevent a finger from slipping when push it to move. In virtue of the top cover, a neighboring socket can be protected, or happening of unexpected dangers.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a structure of safe electric luminescence night lamp, particularly to a night lamp that radiates safe electric luminescence with a given cover disposed at lower portion of the structure for protection power socket.
2. Description of the Prior Art
As a night lamp is usually used in a bedroom, a corridor, or a dim place for illumination and decoration at nighttime successively, so that it must always be plugged in a socket for keeping at decent lightness indoors. However, a tiny incandescent bulb or a bigger usual bulb is commonly used in a conventional night lamp to serve as a light source: the former is working with relatively larger power consumption and weaker illumination intensity that can function no more than a decoration article, while the latter may be found unstable with its center of gravity to result in loosening, detachinig, or poor electric connecting, etc.
Moreover, as mentioned above, a night lamp is constantly plugged in a socket, it would be better to cover and protect the neighboring socket, the present inventor of this invention has submitted a related precedent patent application Ser. No. 08/996,471 to U.S.A. authorities dated Nov. 7, 1997.
In view of the above-described imperfections, after years of constant effort in research, the present inventor of this invention finally manages to propose an improved mechanism pertaining to the subject matter.

21F-1, No. 33, Sec. 1, Min Sheng Road, Panchiao City


A new method of angle measurement is based on the internal reflection effect at an air/glass boundary. The method uses a differential detection scheme to largely reduce the inherent non-linearity of the reflectance versus the angle of incidence in internal reflection. With non-linearity reduced, the displacement of the angle of incidence can be determined accurately by measuring the reflectance. The resolution and measurement range are determined by the initial angle of incidence, the polarization state of light, and the number of reflections. Compared with interferometers and autocollimators, this method has the advantage of a simple sensor design for applications ranging from very wide measurement range to extremely high resolution. Apparatus for accomplishing the method comprises a beamsplitter, a pair of critical angle prisms and a pair of photodiodes. Each photodiode measures change in reflectance and with the application of suitable computation means produces an angle measurement of the beam incident to the beamsplitter.

The field of the invention pertains to the optical measurement of angles for a variety of scientific and industrial purposes.
Optical measurement of angles is conventionally performed using either an interferometer or an autocollimator. The interferometer is based on the principle of interference of two laser beams which traverse slightly different optical paths whenever an angular displacement occurs. Various configurations have been developed and investigated for improving the accuracy and simplifying the structure. Among them, HP5528A interferometer measurement system from Hewlett-Packard Corporation is probably the most reliable and widely used instrument, especially in the calibration and accuracy maintenance of machine tools and Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs).
An autocollimator measures an angular displacement by detecting the lateral displacement of a laser beam reflected from a mirror subjected to the angular displacement. Traditional autocollimators with manual operation have long been used for alignment. Their accuracy is usually around one second of arc. More recent laser opto-electronic autocollimators show higher accuracy and are used for surface profiling of optical elements, geometric error measurement of machine tools, and laser mirror servocontrols. Although both methods provide high resolution, devices based on these principles are usually large, making the devices hard to integrate with machines for on-line measurement.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,390,781 discloses a method and apparatus for detecting the focussing error signal of an objective lens. The method and apparatus utilize a polarizing beamsplitter inserted between a collimating lens and an objective lens. The beamsplitter reflects light flux into a detection prism with a reflection surface and thereby to a light detector.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,505,584 discloses further improvements in the method and apparatus of the above patent comprising the application of specific thin films of alternating index of refraction to the prism. The result is improved sensitivity of the detector without appreciable increase in size of the prism.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,930,896 discloses a surface structure measuring apparatus that utilizes a focus detecting system with light deflectors conjugate to the pupil of an objective lens. Pertinent to the new method and apparatus described below is the apparatus shown in FIG. 3 wherein two prisms and two photo-detectors are used as a part of a surface measuring device. The three patents above, however, are generally directed to surface measurement as distinguished from angle measurement.

Method and apparatus for angle measurement based on the internal reflection effect


A hydraulic damping device is provided including a housing having a first main liquid chamber defined in part by a rubber body which expands and contracts upon input of vibrations in a vertical direction, a second main liquid chamber defined in part by a rubber body which expands and contracts upon input of vibrations in a horizontal direction, and an auxiliary liquid chamber defined in part by a rubber film, which communicates with the first and second main liquid chambers through passageways. Upon input of vibrations in a vertical direction, one or more valves opens the passageway communicating with the first main liquid chamber and closes the passageway communicating with the second main liquid chamber to force a damping liquid filled within the first main liquid chamber to flow into the auxiliary liquid chamber, thereby damping vibrations in a vertical direction. Upon input of vibrations in a horizontal direction, the valve(s) closes the passageway communicating with the first main liquid chamber and opens the passageway communicating with the second main liquid chamber to force the damping liquid within the second main liquid chamber to flow into the auxiliary liquid chamber, thereby damping vibrations in a horizontal direction.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a hydraulic damping device for effectively damping vibrations input in various directions.
2. Description of Related Art
A conventional hydraulic damping device is generally composed of an elastic rubber body which supports a vibrating body such as an engine. The elastic rubber body defines a liquid chamber filled with a damping liquid. The volume of the liquid chamber changes upon input of vibrations from the vibrating body. The hydraulic damping device dampens the vibrations by forcing the damping liquid to flow into, or out of, the liquid chamber through a throttled passageway.
With conventional hydraulic damping devices, upon input of vibrations in a vertical direction, which corresponds to the vibrating body supporting direction, the volume of the liquid chamber effectively changes. Thus, a large damping force can be obtained to dampen the vibrations. However, upon input of vibrations in a horizontal direction, the volume of the liquid chamber does not appreciably change. Therefore, a sufficient damping force cannot be obtained to effectively dampen horizontal vibrations, and accordingly, high stability and controllability cannot be achieved.


A shock absorbent prosthetic hip joint is provided, including a socket section that is attachable to the pelvic bone and a ball section that is pivotably engaged with the socket section. There is a first shock absorber section attached to the ball section and a second shock absorber section attached to an upper part of the femur bone. The second shock absorber section slidably engages the first shock absorber section. A spring is disposed between the first and second shock absorber sections for cushioning a compressive force applied between the femur and pelvic bones.

Surgically implanted replacement or prosthetic hips are presently in widespread use. Conventional hip prostheses typically include a socket that is attached to the pelvic bone and an insert that fits in and extends from an opening in the upper end of the femur. The outer end of the insert carries a ball that rotatably engages the socket to simulate the patient's natural hip joint.
During the course of strenuous activities such as running, jumping, playing tennis and even walking, repeated large compressive stresses are transmitted through the replacement hip and through the patient's knee. The jarring forces that cause the stresses can, over time, cause the hip apparatus to loosen. Eventually, corrective surgery may even be required. Moreover, the repeated force of impact on the prosthetic hip can cause fractures and be very painful to the patient.
Various known replacement hips have attempted to address the above problems by employing cushioning or dampening substances between the ball and socket of the artificial joint. However, such devices do not significantly lessen the detrimental effects of repeated compressive stress applied along the replacement hip. Debris generated by the impact force exerted on the joint also contributes to loosening of the prosthetic stem. In particular, such debris causes the bone cells to produce a lytic hormone to attack and dissolve the debris. Unfortunately, this hormone also attacks and dissolves the bone, thereby loosening the stem.


A material for a light emitting device which is a compound represented by the following formula (I):

The present invention relates to a compound suitable for use for a filter dye, a color conversion filter, a dye for a photographic material, a sensitizing dye, a dye for pulp-dyeing, a laser dye, a fluorescent medicine for a medical diagnosis, a material for a light emitting device (luminescence device), etc., and particularly relates to a light emitting device using thereof.
Prospects of an organic light emitting device in which organic materials are used are promising as a solid light emitting (luminescent) type inexpensive and large area full color display device and development has been tried variously. An organic light emitting device in general comprises a light emitting (luminescent) layer and a pair of counter electrodes with the light emitting layer between. When an electric field is impressed between both electrodes, electrons are injected from the cathode and positive holes are injected from the anode, and the electrons and the positive holes are recombined in the light emitting layer. A phenomenon of emitting energy as light when energy level is returned from conduction band to valence band is luminescence.
Organic light emitting devices so far been used require high driving voltage and emission luminance and luminous efficacy are low, but an organic EL device comprising lamination of thin layers containing an organic compound having high fluorescent quantum efficiency capable of emitting light with low voltage of 10 V or lower has been reported (Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 51, p. 913 (1987)) and attracting public attention in recent years. According to this technique, high luminance green light emission can be obtained by using a metal chelate complex as the electron-transporting layer, a fluorescent compound as the light emitting layer and an amine compound as the positive hole-transporting layer. Further, when taking into consideration the utilization of an organic light emitting device as a full color display and a light source, it is necessary to get three primary colors or a white color in practical use. A device capable of emitting a desired color by doping a fluorescent dye is reported (Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 65, p. 3610 (1989)). This technique is particularly effective for red emission dyes in which extinction due to concentration is large and the emission of high efficacy is difficult when a fluorescent dye is used alone as the light emitting layer, and high color purity and high luminance have been attained due to the technique. However, when a device doped with a dye is produced by deposition, the operation is complicated and the performance of the device is liable to become uneven because a host material and a trace amount of a fluorescent dye are co-deposited. Therefore, from the viewpoint of the simplification of the producing step and the stability of the performance of a device, the development of light emitting materials of from orange to red capable of high luminance emission and excellent in durability even when a dye is used alone as the light emitting layer has so far been desired.
On the other hand, organic EL devices which have realized high luminance emission are laminated devices formed by vacuum deposition of organic materials, but from the viewpoint of simplification of producing step, process-ability, and realization of large area devices, it is desired to produce devices by a coating system. However, devices produced by a coating system so far been used are inferior to devices produced by a deposition system in the points of emission luminance and luminous efficacy, therefore, the realizations of high luminance and high efficacy luminescence have been left as the problems to be solved. In addition, with devices produced by coating an organic low molecular weight compound dispersed in an organic polymer medium, uniform planar emission for a long period of time is difficult due to the agglomeration of the organic low molecular weight compound.
Further, in recent years, various materials having fluorescence have been used for a filter dye, a color conversion filter, a dye for a photographic material, a sensitizing dye, a dye for pulp-dyeing, a laser dye, a fluorescent medicine for a medical diagnosis, a material for an organic light emitting device, etc., and demand for such materials has been increased. However, fluorescent dyes having high fluorescent strength and capable of long wave emission of from orange to red are less, therefore, the development of a novel material has been desired.
A first object of the present invention is to provide a material for a light emitting device of orange to red emission capable of emitting light with high luminance and high efficacy, excellent in stability at repeated use, and capable of uniform and planar emission with low voltage driving, and a light emitting device using the same.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a light emitting device showing no unevenness among devices and stable in performance, and a material capable of producing a light emitting device of red emission.
A third object of the present invention is to provide a material for a light emitting device capable of emitting light with high luminance and high efficacy even when a device is produced by coating system, and a light emitting device using the same.
A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a compound having fluorescence of from orange to red with high fluorescent strength.
The above objects of the present invention have been accomplished by the following means.
(1) A material for a light emitting device which is a compound represented by the following formula (I):
wherein Ar1 and Ar6, which may be the same or different, each represents a divalent aryl group or a divalent heterocyclic group; R2, R3, R7 and R8, which may be the same or different, each represents an aryl group, a heterocyclic group or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group; R4a, R5a, R9a and R10a, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group, and at least one of R4a, R5a, R9a and R10a represents an electron withdrawing group having a Hammett""s "sgr"p value of 0.2 or more; at least two of Ar1, R2, R3, R4a, and R5a may be linked to form a ring; at least two of R9a, R10a, Ar6, R7, and R8 may be linked to form a ring; at least two of R4a, R5a, R9a and R10a may be linked to form a ring; L1 represents (i) a divalent monocyclic or bicyclic aryl group, or a divalent monocyclic or bicyclic aryl group to which a heterocyclic ring is condensed, (ii) a divalent heterocyclic group, or (iii) a divalent group comprising two divalent aryl groups, two divalent heterocyclic groups, or a divalent aryl group and a divalent heterocyclic group, which groups are each connected by a single bond, a vinyl group, a Cxe2x95x90X group, a silyl group, an aryl group, a 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group, a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group having a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom as the ring-constitutional atoms, or the combination of these groups; L1 and at least one of R4a and R5a may be linked to form a ring; L1 and at least one of R9a and R10a may be linked to form a ring; X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, Nxe2x80x94Rx1 or CRx2Rx3; and Rx1, Rx2 and Rx3, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
(2) The material for a light emitting device as described in the above item (1), wherein the compound represented by formula (I) is a compound represented by the following formula (II):
wherein Ar1, Ar6 and L1 each has the same meaning as in formula (I); Ar2, Ar3, Ar7 and Ar8, which may be the same or different, each represents an aryl group or a heterocyclic group; R4b, R5b, R9b and R10b, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom, a heterocyclic group, a perhalogenoalkyl group, a cyano group, an oxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfamoyl group, or an acyl group, provided that all of R4b, R5b, R9b and R10b do not represent hydrogen atoms at the same time; at least two of Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, R4b and R5b may be linked to form a ring; at least two of R9b, R10b, Ar6, Ar7, and Ar8 may be linked to form a ring; at least two of R4b, R5b, R9b and R10 may be linked to form a ring; L1 and at least one of R4b and R5b may be linked to form a ring; and L1 and at least one of R9b and R10b may be linked to form a ring.
(3) The material for a light emitting device as described in the above item (2), wherein the compound represented by formula (II) is a compound represented by the following formula (III):
wherein Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, Ar6, Ar7, Ar8 and L1 each has the same meaning as in formula (II); at least two of Ar1, Ar2 and Ar3 may be linked to form a ring; at least two of Ar6, Ar7 and Ar8 may be linked to form a ring; and R4c and R9c, which may be the same or different, each represents a heterocyclic group, a perhalogenoalkyl group, a cyano group, an oxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfamoyl group, or an acyl group.
(4) An amine compound represented by the following formula (IV):
wherein Ar2, Ar3, Ar7 and Ar8, which maybe the same or different, each represents an aryl group or a heterocyclic group; Rx and Ry each represents a substituent; m and n each represents an integer of 0 to 4, when m and n each represents 2, 3 or 4, a plurality of Rx and Ry may be the same with or different from each other; at least two of Ar2, Ar3 and Rx may be linked to form a ring; at least two of Ar7, Ar8 and Ry may be linked to form a ring; R4d and R9d, which may be the same or different, each represents a heterocyclic group, a cyano group, an oxycarbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, or an acyl group; and L2 represents (i) a divalent monocyclic orbicyclic aryl group, or a divalent monocyclic or bicyclic aryl group to which a heterocyclic ring is condensed, (ii) a divalent heterocyclic group, or (iii) a divalent group comprising two divalent aryl groups, two divalent heterocyclic groups, or a divalent aryl group and a divalent heterocyclic group, which groups are each connected by a single bond, a vinyl group, an aryl group, a 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group, a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group having a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom as the ring-constitutional atoms, or the combination of these groups.
(5) A light emitting device comprising a pair of electrodes and at least one organic thin layer between the electrodes, wherein the light emitting device comprises at least one compound represented by formula (I), (II), (III) or (IV) as described in the above item (1), (2), (3) or (4).
(6) A light emitting device comprising a pair of electrodes and at least one organic thin layer between the electrodes, wherein at least one layer is a layer containing at least one compound represented by formula (I), (II), (III) or (IV) as described in the above item (1), (2), (3) or (4) dispersed in a polymer.
In the first place, a compound represented by formula (I) will be described in detail below.
In formula (I), Ar1 and Ar6, which may be the same or different, each represents a divalent aryl group, or a divalent heterocyclic group. The divalent aryl group represented by Ar1 and Ar6 is preferably a monocyclic or bicyclic aryl group having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms (e.g., phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, fluorenyl), more preferably a phenyl or naphthyl group having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a phenyl or naphthyl group having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms.
The divalent heterocyclic group represented by Ar1 and Ar6 is a 3- to 10-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring containing at least one N, O or S atom. The heterocyclic ring may be a monocyclic ring or may further form a condensed ring with other ring.
The heterocyclic group is preferably a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group, more preferably a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and still more preferably a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group containing one or two of a nitrogen atom and a sulfur atom. Specific examples of the heterocyclic rings include, e.g., pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, thiophene, furan, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazole, triazine, indole, indazole, purine, thiazoline, thiazole, thiadiazole, oxazoline, oxazole, oxadiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, phthalazine, naphthyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, pteridine, acridine, phenanthroline, phenazine, tetrazole, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzotriazole, and tetraazaindene, preferred examples include thiophene, pyridine and quinoline.
The aryl group and the heterocyclic group represented by Ar1 and Ar6 may have substituents, and examples of the substituents include, for example, an alkyl group (preferably an alkyl group having from 1 to 20, more preferably from 1 to 12, and particularly preferably from 1 to 8, carbon atoms, e.g., methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-hexadecyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl), an alkenyl group (preferably an alkenyl group having from 2 to 20, more preferably from 2 to 12, and particularly preferably from 2 to 8, carbon atoms, e.g., vinyl, allyl, 2-butenyl, 3-pentenyl), an alkynyl group (preferably an alkynyl group having from 2 to 20, more preferably from 2 to 12, and particularly preferably from 2 to 8, carbon atoms, e.g., propargyl, 3-pentynyl), an aryl group (preferably an aryl group having from 6 to 30, more preferably from 6 to 20, and particularly preferably from 6 to 12, carbon atoms, e.g., phenyl, p-methylphenyl, naphthyl), an amino group (preferably an amino group having from 0 to 20, more preferably from 0 to 10, and particularly preferably from 0 to 6, carbon atoms, e.g., amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, dibenzylamino), an alkoxyl group (preferably an alkoxyl group having from 1 to 20, more preferably from 1 to 12, and particularly preferably from 1 to 8, carbon atoms, e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy), an aryloxy group (preferably an aryloxy group having from 6 to 20, more preferably from 6 to 16, and particularly preferably from 6 to 12, carbon atoms, e.g., phenyloxy, 2-naphthyloxy), an acyl group (preferably an acyl group having from 1 to 20, more preferably from 1 to 16, and particularly preferably from 1 to 12, carbon atoms, e.g., acetyl, benzoyl, formyl, pivaloyl), an alkoxycarbonyl group (preferably an alkoxycarbonyl group having from 2 to 20, more preferably from 2 to 16, and particularly preferably from 2 to 12, carbon atoms, e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl), an aryloxycarbonyl group (preferably an aryloxycarbonyl group having from 7 to 20, more preferably from 7 to 16, and particularly preferably from 7 to 10, carbon atoms, e.g., phenyloxycarbonyl), an acyloxy group (preferably an acyloxy group having from 2 to 20, more preferably from 2 to 16, and particularly preferably from 2 to 10, carbon atoms, e.g., acetoxy, benzoyloxy), an acylamino group (preferably an acylamino group having from 2 to 20, more preferably from 2 to 16, and particularly preferably from 2 to 10, carbon atoms, e.g., acetylamino, benzoylamino), an alkoxycarbonylamino group (preferably an alkoxycarbonylamino group having from 2 to 20, more preferably from 2 to 16, and particularly preferably from 2 to 12, carbon atoms, e.g., methoxycarbonylamino), an aryloxycarbonylamino group (preferably an aryloxy-carbonylamino group having from 7 to 20, more preferably from 7 to 16, and particularly preferably from 7 to 12, carbon atoms, e.g., phenyloxycarbonylamino), a sulfonylamino group (preferably a sulfonylamino group having from 1 to 20, more preferably from 1 to 16, and particularly preferably from 1 to 12, carbon atoms, e.g., methanesulfonylamino, benzene-sulfonylamino), a sulfamoyl group (preferably a sulfamoyl group having from 0 to 20, more preferably from 0 to 16, and particularly preferably from 0 to 12, carbon atoms, e.g., sulfamoyl, methylsulfamoyl, dimethylsulfamoyl, phenyl-sulfamoyl), a carbamoyl group (preferably a carbamoyl group having from 1 to 20, more preferably from 1 to 16, and particularly preferably from 1 to 12, carbon atoms, e.g., carbamoyl, methylcarbamoyl, diethylcarbamoyl, phenyl-carbamoyl), an alkylthio group (preferably an alkylthio group having from 1 to 20, more preferably from 1 to 16, and particularly preferably from 1 to 12, carbon atoms, e.g., methylthio, ethylthio), an arylthio group (preferably an arylthio group having from 6 to 20, more preferably from 6 to 16, and particularly preferably from 6 to 12, carbon atoms, e.g., phenylthio), a sulfonyl group (preferably a sulfonyl group having from 1 to 20, more preferably from 1 to 16, and particularly preferably from 1 to 12, carbon atoms, e.g., mesyl, tosyl), a sulfinyl group (preferably a sulfinyl group having from 1 to 20, more preferably from 1 to 16, and particularly preferably from 1 to 12, carbon atoms, e.g., methanesulfinyl, benzenesulfinyl), a ureido group (preferably a ureido group having from 1 to 20, more preferably from 1 to 16, and particularly preferably from 1 to 12, carbon atoms, e.g., ureido, methylureido, phenylureido), a phosphoric acid amido group (preferably a phosphoric acid amido group having from 1 to 20, more preferably from 1 to 16, and particularly preferably from 1 to 12, carbon atoms, e.g., diethylphosphoric acid amido, phenylphosphoric acid amido), a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), a cyano group, a sulfo group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, a hydroxamic acid group, a sulfino group, a hydrazino group, an imino group, a heterocyclic group (preferably a heterocyclic group having from 1 to 20, and more preferably from 1 to 12, carbon atoms; as hetero atoms, e.g., nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and specifically, e.g., pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, thiophene, furan, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazole, triazine, indole, indazole, purine, thiazoline, thiazole, thiadiazole, oxazoline, oxazole, oxadiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, phthalazine, naphthyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, pteridine, acridine, phenanthroline, phenazine, tetrazole, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzotriazole, and tetraazaindene can be exemplified), and a silyl group (preferably a silyl group having from 3 to 40, more preferably from 3 to 30, and particularly preferably from 3 to 24, carbon atoms, e.g., trimethylsilyl, triphenylsilyl). These substituents may further be substituted. When there are two or more substituents, they may be the same or different. Substituents may be linked to each other to form a ring, if possible.
Preferred examples of the substituents include an alkyl group, analkenyl group, anaralkyl group, anaryl group, an alkoxyl group, an amino group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, a carbonylamino group, a sulfonylamino group, a sulfamoyl group, a carbamoyl group, a hydroxyl group, and a heterocyclic group, more preferred examples include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxyl group, an amino group, anacylamino group, analkoxycarbonylamino group, an aryloxycarbonylamino group, a sulfonylamino group, and a heterocyclic group, and still more preferred examples include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxyl group, and a substituted amino group.
Here, the substituted amino group is a group represented by xe2x80x94Nra(Rb), wherein Ra and Rb may be the same or different, and specifically represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group. As these alkyl, alkenyl, aryl and heterocyclic groups, the same groups described as the substituents of Ar1 can be exemplified. The aralkyl is an aralkyl group having from 7 to 20, more preferably from 7 to 16, and particularly preferably from 7 to 10, carbon atoms, e.g., a benzyl group and a phenethyl group can be exemplified.
R2, R3, R7 and R8, which may be the same or different, each represents an aryl group, a heterocyclic group or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
The aryl group represented by R2, R3, R7 and R8 is preferably a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic aryl group having from 6 to 26 carbon atoms (e.g., phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, pyrenyl, indenyl), more preferably phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, or phenanthryl each having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and still more preferably phenyl, naphthyl or anthryl each having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms.
The heterocyclic group represented by R2, R3, R7 and R8 is a 3- to 10-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring containing at least one N, O or S atom. The heterocyclic ring may be a monocyclic ring or may further form a condensed ring with other ring.
The heterocyclic group is preferably a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group, more preferably a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and still more preferably a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group containing one or two of a nitrogen atom and a sulfur atom. Specific examples of the heterocyclic rings include, e.g., pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, thiophene, furan, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazole, triazine, indole, indazole, purine, thiazoline, thiazole, thiadiazole, oxazoline, oxazole, oxadiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, phthalazine, naphthyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, pteridine, acridine, phenanthroline, phenazine, tetrazole, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzotriazole, and tetraazaindene, preferred examples include thiophene, pyridine and quinoline.
The aliphatic hydrocarbon group represented by R2, R3, R7 and R8 may be straight chain, branched or cyclic, e.g., an alkyl group (preferably an alkyl group having from 1 to 20, more preferably from 1 to 12, and particularly preferably from 1 to 8, carbon atoms, e.g., methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-hexadecyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl), an alkenyl group (preferably an alkenyl group having from 2 to 20, more preferably from 2 to 12, and particularly preferably from 2 to 8, carbon atoms, e.g., vinyl, allyl, 2-butenyl, 3-pentenyl), or an alkynyl group (preferably an alkynyl group having from 2 to 20, more preferably from 2 to 12, and particularly preferably from 2 to 8, carbon atoms, e.g., propargyl, 3-pentynyl). The aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferably an alkyl group.
The aryl group, the heterocyclic group and the aliphatic hydrocarbon group represented by R2, R3, R7 and R8 may have substituents, and may further form a condensed ring. As the substituents, those described above as the substituents of Ar1 and Ar6 can be applied to.
Two or three of Ar1, R2 and R3 may be linked to form a ring, and the ring to be formed is preferably a 5 to 7-membered ring. At least two of Ar6, R7 and R8 may also be linked to form a ring, and the ring to be formed is preferably a 5 to 7-membered ring.
R4a, R5a, R9a and R10a, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and as the substituents, e.g., those described above as the substituents of Ar1 and Ar6 can be applied to. At least one of R4a, R5a, R9a and R10a represents an electron withdrawing group having a Hammett""s "sgr"p value of 0.2 or more. As the electron withdrawing group having a Hammett""s "sgr"p value of 0.2 or more, e.g., a halogen atom, a perhalogenoalkyl group (e.g., a perfluoroalkyl group, a perchloroalkyl group, a perbromoalkyl group), a cyano group, a formyl group, a carboxyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfonylmethyl group, an acyl group, an oxycarbonyl group (preferably an oxycarbonyl group substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group; the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the aryl group and the heterocyclic group have the same meaning as those described in R2) , a pentahalophenyl group, a carbonyloxy group, a sulfonyloxy group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfinyl group, a heterocyclic group and a sulfamoyl group can be exemplified. Preferred examples are a heterocyclic group, a perhalogenoalkyl group, a cyano group, an oxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfamoyl group and an acyl group, and particularly preferred examples are benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzimidazole, a cyano group, an oxycarbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfamoyl group and an acyl group.
At least two of Ar1, R2, R3, R4a, and R5a may be linked to form a ring. At least two of R9a, R10a, Ar6, R7, and R8 may be linked to form a ring. At least two of R4a, R5a, R9a and R10a may be linked to form a ring.
L1 and at least one of R4a and R5a may be linked to form a ring. L1 and at least one of R9a and R10a may be linked to form a ring.
L1 represents (i) a divalent monocyclic or bicyclic aryl group, or a divalent monocyclic or bicyclic aryl group to which a heterocyclic ring is condensed, (ii) a divalent heterocyclic group, or (iii) a divalent group comprising two divalent aryl groups, two divalent heterocyclic groups, or a divalent aryl group and a divalent heterocyclic group, which groups are each connected by a single bond, a vinyl group, a Cxe2x95x90X group, a silyl group, an aryl group, a 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group, a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group having a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom as the ring-constitutional atoms, or the combination of these groups. Here, the divalent aryl group and the divalent heterocyclic group each has the same meaning as the divalent aryl group and the divalent heterocyclic group as defined in Ar1 and Ar6, and they may further contain a heterocyclic ring and may be condensed to form a 2- to 5-membered ring. The divalent aryl group is preferably a divalent monocyclic or bicyclic aryl group, or a divalent group a divalent monocyclic or bicyclic aryl group to which a heterocyclic ring is condensed. More preferred examples of the heterocyclic groups include thiophene, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazole, triazine, indole, indazole, thiazole, thiadiazole, oxazole, oxadiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, phthalazine, naphthyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, pteridine, acridine, phenanthroline, phenazine, tetrazole, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, and benzotriazole. When L1 represents a group comprising two divalent aryl groups, two divalent heterocyclic groups, or a divalent aryl group and a divalent heterocyclic group each connected by an aromatic heterocyclic group, the aromatic heterocyclic group is preferably a 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group. X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, Nxe2x80x94Rx1 or CRx2Rx3; and Rx1, Rx2 and Rx3, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. X preferably represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or CRx2Rx3. The substituents are the same as those described above as the substituents of Ar1 and Ar6. Rx1 preferably represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and Rx2 and Rx3 each preferably represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, a cyano group, an oxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfamoyl group, or an acyl group, provided that Rx2 and Rx3 do not represent hydrogen atoms at the same time. More preferably, the alkyl, aryl or heterocyclic group represented by Rx2, Rx2 and Rx3 each has the same meaning as the alkyl, aryl or heterocyclic group described above as the substituents represented by Ar1 and Ar6. The alkyl group represented by Rx2 and Rx3 is preferably a perfluoroalkyl group, i.e., a straight chain, branched or cyclic alkyl group having fluorine as a substituent (preferably having from 1 to 30, more preferably from 1 to 20, and still more preferably from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, e.g., a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluoromethyl group).
The oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or acyl group represented by Rx2 and Rx3 is preferably an oxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfamoyl group, or an acyl group substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, and each group has the same meaning as the oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or acyl group represented by R4, R5a, R9a and R10a, and the preferred range is also the same.
Rx2 and Rx3 may be linked to form a ring.
As the examples of L1, the following compounds can be exemplified, for instance.
A compound represented by formula (II) will be described in detail below.
Ar1, Ar6 and L1 each has the same meaning as in formula (I) and each preferred range is also the same. Ar2, Ar3, Ar7 and Ar8, which may be the same or different, each represents an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, and has the same meaning as the aryl group or the heterocyclic group represented by R2, R3, R7 and R8 in formula (I), and each preferred range is also the same. R4b, R5b, R9b and R10b beach represents a hydrogen atom, a heterocyclic group, a perhalogenoalkyl group, a cyano group, an oxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfamoyl group, or an acyl group, provided that all of R4b, R5b, R9b and R10b do not represent hydrogen atoms at the same time.
Preferably, the heterocyclic group represented by R4b, R5b , R9b and R10b has the same meaning as the heterocyclic group represented by R2, R3, R7 and R8 The heterocyclic group represented by R4b, R5b, R9b and R10b is more preferably benzoxazole, benzothiazole or benzimidazole.
The oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or acyl group represented by R4b, R5b, R9b and R10b is preferably an oxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfamoyl group, or an acyl group substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
In this case, the aliphatic hydrocarbon group has the same meaning as the aliphatic hydrocarbon group represented by R2, R3, R7 and R8, preferably the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is an alkyl group or an alkenyl group, and more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, or an allyl group.
The aryl group preferably has the same meaning as the aryl group represented by R2, R3, R7 and R8. The heterocyclic group preferably has the same meaning as the heterocyclic group represented by R2, R3, R7 and R8. They may be monocyclic or may form a condensed ring with other rings.
R4b, R4b, R9b and R10b each more preferably represents a hydrogen atom, a heterocyclic group, a perhalogenoalkyl group, a cyano group, an oxycarbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, or an acyl group.
A compound represented by formula (III) will be described in detail below.
Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, Ar6, Ar7, Ar8 and L1 each has the same meaning as in formula (II) and each preferred range is also the same. R4c and R9c, which may be the same or different, each represents a heterocyclic group, a perhalogenoalkyl group, a cyano group, an oxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfamoyl group, or an acyl group, and each group has the same meaning as each group represented by R4b, R5b, R9b and R10b and the preferred range of each group is also the same.
A compound represented by formula (IV) will be described in detail below.
Ar2, Ar3, Ar7 and Ar8 each has the same meaning as in formula (III) and each preferred range is also the same. Rx and Ry each represents a substituent (those exemplified as the substituents of Ar1 can be applied to). m and n each represents an integer of 0 to 4, when m and n each represents 2, 3 or 4, a plurality of Rx and Ry may be the same with or different from each other. At least two of Ar2, Ar3 and Rx may be formed to form a ring, and/or at least two of Ar7, Ar8 and Ry may be linked to form a ring, and the ring to be formed is preferably a 5- to 7-membered ring. R4d and R9d, which may be the same or different, each represents a heterocyclic group, a cyano group, an oxycarbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, or an acyl group, and each group has the same meaning as each group represented by R4b, R5b, R9b and R10b in formula (II) and the preferred range of each group is also the same. L2 represents (i) a divalent monocyclic or bicyclic aryl group, or a divalent monocyclic or bicyclic aryl group to which a heterocyclic ring is condensed, (ii) a divalent heterocyclic group, or (iii) a divalent group comprising two divalent aryl groups, two divalent heterocyclic groups, or a divalent aryl group and a divalent heterocyclic group, which groups are each connected by a single bond, a vinyl group, an aryl group, a 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group, a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group having a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom, or the combination of these groups. The aryl group or the heterocyclic group represented by L2 each preferably has the same meaning as the aryl group or the heterocyclic group represented Ar1 and Ar6 in formula (I). More preferably L2 represents a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aryl group, a thiophene ring, a pyrrole ring, an imidazole ring, a pyrazole ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyridazine ring, a triazine ring, an oxazole ring, an oxadiazole ring, a thiazole ring, a thiadiazole ring, or a bicyclic or tricyclic heterocyclic group comprising any of these groups condensed with a benzene ring.
m and n each preferably represents 0.
L2 particularly preferably represents a monocyclic or condensed bicyclic or tricyclic aryl group or heterocyclic group.
The compounds represented by formulae (I) to (IV) may be low molecular weight compounds, may be high molecular weight compounds (preferably having a weight average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 5,000,000, more preferably from 5,000 to 2,000,000, and particularly preferably from 10,000 to 1,000,000) having the residual monomers of the compounds represented by formulae (I) to (IV) bonded to the polymer main chains, or may be high molecular weight compounds (preferably having a weight average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 5,000,000, more preferably from 5,000 to 2,000,000, and particularly preferably from 10,000 to 1,000,000) having the skeletons of the compounds represented by formulae (I) to (IV) at the main chains. The high molecular weight compounds may be homopolymers or copolymers with other monomers.
The compounds represented by formulae (I) to (IV) are preferably low molecular weight compounds. Further, formulae (I) to (IV) take limiting structures for convenience sake but the compounds may be tautomers thereof.
With respect to the compound represented by formula (I), preferred combinations of the substituents will be described below. Ar1 and Ar6 each represents a divalent monocyclic or bicyclic aryl group having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a divalent 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom and having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. R2, R3, R7 and R8, which may be the same or different, each represents a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic aryl group having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom and having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Ar1, Ar6, R2, R3, R7 and R8 each may have a substituent. Examples of the substituents include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxyl group, an amino group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an acylamino group, an alkoxycarbonylamino group, an aryloxycarbonylamino group, a sulfonylamino group, a sulfamoyl group, a carbamoyl group, a hydroxyl group, and a heterocyclic group, and these groups may further be substituted. At least two of Ar1, R2 and R3 may be linked to form a ring, and/or at least two of Ar6, R7 and R8 may be linked to form a ring, and the ring to be formed is preferably a 5- to 7-membered ring.
R4a, R5a, R9a and R10a, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group, and at least one of R4a, R5a, R9a and R10a represents an electron withdrawing group having a Hammett""s "sgr"p value of 0.2 or more. Examples of the substituents (monovalent groups) include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxyl group, an amino group, an acyl group, an oxycarbonyl group, a carbonylamino group, a sulfonylamino group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfamoyl group, a carbamoyl group, a cyano group and a heterocyclic group. At least two of Ar1, R2, R3, R4a, and R5a may be linked to form a ring. At least two of R9a, R10a, Ar6, R7, and R8 may be linked to form a ring. At least two of R4a, R5a, R9a and R10a may be linked to form a ring.
L1 represents (i) a divalent monocyclic or bicyclic aryl group, or a divalent monocyclic or bicyclic aryl group to which a heterocyclic ring is condensed, (ii) a divalent heterocyclic group, or (iii) a divalent group comprising two divalent aryl groups, two divalent heterocyclic groups, or a divalent aryl group and a divalent heterocyclic group, which groups are each connected by a single bond, a vinyl group, a Cxe2x95x90X group, a silyl group, an aryl group, a 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group, a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group having a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom, or the combination of these groups. Here, the divalent aryl group or the divalent heterocyclic group is a divalent monocyclic or bicyclic aryl group having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a divalent 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom and having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. The heterocyclic group and a condensed ring may be further condensed to formed a 2- to 5-membered ring. More preferred examples of the heterocyclic groups include thiophene, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazole, triazine, indole, indazole, thiazole, thiadiazole, oxazole, oxadiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, phthalazine, naphthyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, pteridine, acridine, phenanthroline, phenazine, tetrazole, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, and benzotriazole. X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, Nxe2x80x94Rx1 or CRx2Rx3 and Rx1, Rx2 and Rx3, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. X more preferably represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or CRx2Rx3. Rx1 preferably represents a hydrogen atom, analkyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and Rx2 and Rx3 each preferably represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, a cyano group, an oxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfamoyl group, or an acyl group, provided that Rx2 and Rx3 do not represent hydrogen atoms at the same time. More preferably, the alkyl, aryl or heterocyclic group represented by Rx1, Rx2 and Rx3 each has the same meaning as the alkyl, aryl or heterocyclic group described above as the substituents represented by Ar1 and Ar6.
The alkyl group represented by Rx2 and Rx3 is preferably a perfluoroalkyl group, i.e., a straight chain, branched or cyclic alkyl group having fluorine as a substituent (preferably having from 1 to 30, more preferably from 1 to 20, and still more preferably from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, e.g., a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluoromethyl group).
The oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or acyl group represented by Rx2 and Rx3 is preferably an oxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfamoyl group, or an acyl group substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, and each group has the same meaning as the oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or acyl group represented by R4a, R5a, R9a and R10a.
The more preferred combination of the substituents of the compound represented by formula (I) is represented by formula (II).
Ar1, Ar6 and L1 each has the same meaning as the combination in formula (I). Ar2, Ar3, Ar7 and Ar8 each preferably represents an aryl group having from 6 to 26 carbon atoms e.g., a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a phenanthryl group, or a pyrenyl group, or a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom and having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group containing one or two sulfur atoms. R4b, R5b, R9b and R10b, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom, a heterocyclic group, a perhalogenoalkyl group, a cyano group, an oxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfamoyl group, or an acyl group, provided that all of R4b, R5b, R9b and R10b do not represent hydrogen atoms at the same time.
The heterocyclic group represented by R4b, R5b, R9b and R10b is a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom and having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. The oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or acyl group represented by R4b, R5b, R9b and R10b is preferably an oxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfamoyl group, or an acyl group substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
In this case, the aliphatic hydrocarbon group has the same meaning as the aliphatic hydrocarbon group represented by R2, R3, R7 and R8, preferably the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is an alkyl group or an alkenyl group, and more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, or an allyl group.
The aryl group preferably has the same meaning as the aryl group represented by R2, R3, R7 and R8 The heterocyclic group preferably has the same meaning as the heterocyclic group represented by R2, R3, R7 and R8. They may be monocyclic or may form a condensed ring with other rings.
The more preferred combination of the substituents of the compound represented by formula (II) is represented by formula (III). Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, Ar6, Ar7, Ar8 and L1 each has the same meaning as the combination in formula (II). R4c and R9c, which may be the same or different, each represents a heterocyclic group, a perhalogenoalkyl group, a cyano group, an oxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfamoyl group, or an acyl group.
The more preferred combination of the substituents of the compound represented by formula (III) is represented by formula (IV). Ar2, Ar3, Ar7 and Ar8 each has the same meaning as the combination in formula (III). R4d and R9d, which may be the same or different, each represents a heterocyclic group, a cyano group, an oxycarbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, or an acyl group. L2 represents (i) a divalent monocyclic or bicyclic aryl group, or a divalent monocyclic orbicyclic aryl group to which a heterocyclic ring is condensed, (ii) a divalent heterocyclic group, or (iii) a divalent group comprising two divalent aryl groups, two divalent heterocyclic groups, or a divalent aryl group and a divalent heterocyclic group, which groups are each connected by a single bond, a vinyl group, an aryl group, a 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group, a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group having a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom, or the combination of these groups. The aryl group or the heterocyclic group represented by L2 each preferably has the same meaning as the aryl group or the heterocyclic group represented Ar1 and Ar6 in formula (I). More preferably, L2 represents a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aryl group, a thiophene ring, a pyrrole ring, an imidazole ring, a pyrazole ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyridazine ring, a triazine ring, an oxazole ring, an oxadiazole ring, a thiazole ring, a thiadiazole ring, or a bicyclic or tricyclic heterocyclic group comprising any of these groups condensed with a benzene ring. L2 particularly preferably represents a monocyclic or condensed bicyclic or tricyclic aryl group or heterocyclic group. m and n each represents 0.

Material for light emitting device, light emitting device using thereof, and amine compound

Abstract: wherein Ar1 and Ar6, which are the same or different, each represents a divalent aryl group or a divalent heterocyclic group; R2, R3, R7 and R8, which are the same or different, each represents an aryl group, a heterocyclic group or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group; R4a, R5a, R9a and R10a, which are the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group, and at least one of R4a, R5a, R9a and R10a represents an electron withdrawing group having a Hammett""s "sgr"p value of 0.2 or more; at least two of Ar1, R2, R3, R4a, and R5a may be linked to form a ring; at least two of R9a, R10a, Ar6, R7, and R8 may be linked to form a ring; at least two of R4a, R5a, R9a and R10a may be linked to form a ring; L1 represents (i) a divalent monocyclic or bicyclic aryl group, or a divalent monocyclic or bicyclic aryl group to which a heterocyclic ring is condensed, (ii) a divalent heterocyclic group, or (iii) a divalent group comprising one of two divalent aryl groups, two divalent heterocyclic groups, and a divalent aryl group and a divalent heterocyclic group, which groups are each connected by a single bond, a vinyl group, a Cxe2x95x90X group, a silyl group, an aryl group, a 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group, a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group comprising a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom, or the combination of these groups; L1 and at least one of R4a and R5a may be linked to form a ring; L1 and at least one of R9a and R10a may be linked to form a ring; X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, Nxe2x80x94Rx1 or CRx2Rx3; and Rx1, Rx2 and Rx3, which are the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.


Embodiments of apparatuses and methods for adaptive data compression and associated contextual information are described. In various embodiments, an apparatus may include a context monitoring module to gather contextual information for transmission of data and a policy module to gather user preference on cost associated with transmission of data. The apparatus may further include an analysis module to determine whether to compress data prior to transmission, based at least in part on the contextual information and the user preference. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

The background description provided herein is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Unless otherwise indicated herein, the materials described in this section are not prior art to the claims in this application and are not admitted to be prior art or suggestions of the prior art, by inclusion in this section.
Data traffic to and from cloud servers has been increased rapidly in recent years, and such a trend may continue in the future. Such a trend for data explosion may introduce communication delays in user response time, and data traffic may consume a significant amount of platform energy. As an example, uploading files (e.g., photos or videos) to a cloud server is an important user case for cloud usage. However, users sometimes have to endure a long delay before completing an uploading transaction. Further, if the device is on a mobile network, uploading a large file may be costly based on the user's data plan.

Apparatus and methods for adaptive data compression


The present invention concerns an improved process of making d4T from 5-MU. Another aspect of the invention relates to useful intermediates produced during the process.

The compound d4T (2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxythymidine) is a new antiviral drug approved recently for the treatment of AIDS. It is named Stavudine by the U.S. Adopted Name (USAN) and marketed as ZERIT..TM. The current process for producing d4T uses an expensive starting material, thymidine. (For a leading reference see: Joshi, B. V.; Rao, T.; Sudhakar, R.; Reese, C. B., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I, 1992, 2537.) Alternative approaches to d4T utilize less costly ribonucleoside 5-methyluridine (5-MU). (For reviews see: Huryn, D. M.; Okabe, M., Chem. Rev., 1992, 92, 1745; Dueholm, K. L.; Pedersen, E. B., Synthesis, 1992, 1; Herdewijin, P.; Balzarini, J.; De Clercq, E., in Advances in Antiviral Drug Design, Vol. 1, De Clercq, E., Ed., JAI Press Inc., Middlesex, England, 1993, p. 233.) For example, zinc reduction of cis-3'.alpha.-acetyloxy-2'.alpha.-bromo derivative of 5-MU affords d4T product in about 50% yield. (See Mansuri, M. M.; Starrett, J. E., Jr.; Wos, J. A.; Tortolani, D. R.; Brodfuehrer, P. R.; Howell, H. G.; Martin, J. C., J. Org. Chem., 1989, 54, 4780.) However, large amount of thymine by-product also forms via competitive elimination which requires expensive chromatographic separation from the d4T product. Alternative methods of making this antiviral agent are constantly explored in order to find a more economical method of preparing the large-scale amounts of d4T.
The present invention is a new improved synthesis of d4T from 5-methyluridine (1) (Scheme 1). The key step of this invention involves a metal reductive elimination of a mixture of novel trans-3'.alpha.-halo-2'.beta.-acyloxy/trans-3'.beta.-acyloxy-2'.alpha.-hal o derivatives of 5-MU 5a and 5b to give 5'-mesyl-d4T (6). In sharp contrast to the previous zinc reduction of cis-3'.alpha.-acetyloxy-2'.alpha.-bromo derivative of 5-MU where about 40% of thymine by-product is formed (Mansuri, M. M.; Starrett, J. E., Jr.; Wos, J. A.; Tortolani, D. R.; Brodfuehrer, P. R.; Howell, H. G.; Martin, J. C. J. Org. Chem., 1989, 54, 4780), the zinc reduction of trans-acyloxy halo derivatives of 5-MU 5a and 5b in which X is bromo and R is methyl affords d4T without noticeable thymine by-product contamination.


A subsystem architecture for direct memory access of random access memory (RAM) which performs block transfers of adjacent units of memory from one memory location to another. The architecture comprises a RAM array with write enable capability, serial access memory (SAM) registers, an alignment unit, and controller. An embodiment is described which performs bit-block transfers (BitBLTs) of pixel data within a graphical user interface (GUI) subsystem which utilizes Triple-ported Dynamic RAM (TPDRAM). The BitBLT is broken up into four cycles which handle the transfer of all possible combinations of units of adjacent memory utilizing the entire bandwidth of the port writing to RAM. The architecture allows operations to be pipelined.

Computers and other electronic equipment use random access memory (RAM) to store information. Often times during operation, data in one portion of memory must be written, moved or transferred to another portion. Frequently, this involves large blocks of data. A problem occurs when these transfers impact significantly on the speed with which a system performs.
Nowhere is this problem more apparent than in graphical user interface (GUI) subsystems such as computer screen displays where memory serves as a digital representation of the screen. Changing what appears on the screen involves changing the data in the memory array.
Oftentimes, certain images on the screen are merely being copied from one location in memory and written to another. A bit-block transfer (BitBLT).operation accomplishes the necessary change in memory by reading data from one location of a memory array, and then writing it to another location. Current personal computer software applications such as Microsoft's WINDOWS make extensive use of these types of transfers.
A typical subsystem might serve a screen of 1024.times.768 pixels, each of which might be represented in memory as an 8-bit color/intensity value. Pixels can in turn be grouped into pixel words, depending on the system architecture. For instance, in a 32-bit machine, four 8-bit pixels may be conveniently grouped into one 32-bit pixel word.
For example, a computer screen is divided into an array or grid of pixels, 768 rows by 1024 columns. The information concerning the color/intensity for each pixel at a given time is stored in a RAM array frame buffer, as shown in FIG. 1, where 8-bit pixels are grouped into pixel-words having 4 pixels per pixel-word.
FIG. 2 shows the upper left portion of the frame buffer memory array wherein each pixel-word is composed of four pixels in adjacent columns. Suppose we wish to transfer pixels C-J from their current position in row 0 to a destination in row 3. Since the architecture deals in pixel-words, a potential problem occurs when the source address of a pixel falls in a different position within a pixel-word than does the destination address. In this case, pixel C shifts from position 2 in its source pixel-word to position 1 in its destination pixel-word.
Another potential problem occurs when the location of the beginning or ending pixel in a block of pixels to be transferred is not on a pixel-word boundary. When the number of pixels being transferred is not divisible evenly by four (i.e. not modulo 4), some part of the block, either the beginning or the end or both, will not fall cleanly on a pixel-word boundary.
The subsystem architecture must be designed to handle all the possible situations which can arise when a block of data to be transferred is not aligned cleanly on pixel-word boundaries. The more complex data manipulations required for these unaligned BitBLT's can further sap system resources.
Since BitBLT's are a significant factor in overall GUI subsystem performance, increasing their speed improves the system.
Current solutions to the problem include the development of several coprocessed graphics cards having a block transfer engine such as the 8514A and XGA, both developed by IBM, Inc., and the S3 Accelerator, developed by S3, Inc.
These solutions utilize only a single port into the RAM array, and therefore both read and write access operations must occur through that port. It would be advantageous to have an architecture which might utilize more than one port in performing memory access operations.

Memory control architecture for high speed transfer options


Conductive polymer compositions comprise carbon black or graphite dispersed in a polymer and further comprise an arc-controlling additive such as alumina hydrate. Such compositions have improved performance when subjected to electrical stress and are, therefore, particularly useful in circuit protection devices.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to conductive polymer compositions and electrical devices containing them.
2. Summary of the Prior Art
Conductive polymer compositions comprising carbon black dispersed in a polymer are known. Depending on the polymer and the carbon black and the relative amounts thereof, the compositions may have room temperature resistivities ranging from less than 1 ohm. cm to 10.sup.8 ohm.cm or more, and may exhibit positive temperature coefficent (PIC) behavior, zero temperature coefficient (ZTC or constant wattage) behavior or negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior. The major uses for conductive polymer compositions are in the shielding of cables and the inhibition of electrostatic charges, but the compositions can also be used in electrical devices in which current passes through an element composed of the composition, e.g. in heaters and current-limiting devices. Compositions useful in electrical devices generally have different properties from compositions useful in shielding and electrostatic applications. Reference may be made, for example, to U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,823,217 (Kampe), 3,861,029 (Smith-Johannsen et al.), 3,950,604 (Penneck), and 4,177,376 (Horsma et al.) and to U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 904,736 (Penneck et al.), now abandoned, 732,792 (Van Konynenburg et al.), now abandoned, 751,095 (Toy et al.), now abandoned, 798,154 (Horsma), 965,343 (Van Konynenburg et al.), 965,344 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,237,441 (Middleman et al.), 965,345 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,242,573 (Middleman et al.), 6,773 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,255,698 (Simon) and 75,413 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,304,987 (Van Konynenburg). The disclosures of these patents and applications are incorporated by reference herein.

Conductive polymer compositions having improved properties under electrical stress


Provided is a motor-incorporating roller capable of preventing a grease supply portion from separating. The motor-incorporating roller has a motor and a reducer in a cylindrical roller body and the reducer is provided with a gear train including a plurality of gears. The motor-incorporating roller has a grease supply portion that supplies grease to the plurality of gears in the reducer and is capable of containing grease therein. Furthermore, the motor-incorporating roller has a power output member that outputs power and a shaft portion that pivotally supports the gears. The grease supply portion is integrated with the power output member through the shaft portion to restrict movement of the shaft portion in an axial direction.

As a main part of a roller conveyer, a belt conveyer, or the like, a motor-incorporating roller has been widely known. Regarding this motor-incorporating roller, a motor and a reducer are incorporated in a roller body, so that installation spaces for the motor and the like are not newly required, which can realize space saving.
The reducer has a structure in which members such as gears, shafts, bearings and the like come into contact with one another to perform relative motions. That is, in the reducer, if lubrication between the members is poor, frictional resistance between the members results in wasteful consumption of power. Thus, in order to reduce the wasteful consumption of the power in the reducer, the lubrication between the members is required to be maintained.
However, since the motor-incorporating roller has one of advantages that it can be rotated independently, a lubrication method of externally feeding a lubricant by an oil pump or the like cannot be employed because the advantage is impaired.
Consequently, as a measure for taking lubrication between the members without impairing the above-described advantage of the motor-incorporating roller, Patent Document 1 is cited. This Patent Document 1 has proposed a structure in which a reducer is provided with a grease containing portion to gradually supply grease to gears and the like of the reducer. According to the structure described in this Patent Document 1, since the grease can be supplied between the members in the reducer in conjunction with the rotation of a motor body on its axis, the lubrication can be maintained.


The present invention is directed to a capacitor apparatus of the capacity variable type. This capacitor apparatus is manufactured by Micro Electro-Mechanical System technology, and comprises an insulating substrate (2) in which at least two capacitor electrodes (3), (4) are formed on one surface (2a) in the state where they are insulated each other, an actuator (5) formed by insulating material and having an external shape to bridge over the respective capacitor electrodes (3), (4), the actuator (5) being such that a conductor which respectively constitutes capacitors between the conductor (6) and these capacitor electrodes (3), (4), and drive means (7) for allowing this actuator (5) to undergo an operation to come into contact with one principal surface (2a) of the insulating substrate (2) or to become away therefrom.

For example, various information such as audio information or image information, etc, have been handled with ease by various communication terminal equipments with popularization of technology for realizing digitization of data and/or compression technology thereof, and preparation and expansion of communication system and/or service system for data, and availability thereof has been realized. Communication terminal equipments are small and light in weight and is excellent in portability, and can be used for a long time, and have no necessity of relay device, etc. so that connections to various communication systems can be realized. At the communication terminal equipment, at the transmitting/receiving unit, in order to carry out modulation/demodulation processing of analog high frequency signal, there is provided, e.g., high frequency transmitting/receiving circuit of the superheterodyne system or the direct conversion system, etc.
At the high frequency transmitting/receiving circuit, there are provided an antenna unit including an antenna and a changeover switch and serving to receive or transmit signal, a transmit/receive switching unit for carrying out switching between transmission and reception, a frequency converting circuit unit, a demodulation circuit unit, a modulation circuit unit, and a reference frequency generating circuit unit for supplying reference frequency, etc. At the high frequency transmitting/receiving circuit, there are provided various filters between respective stages, a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) for local oscillation in which capacity is caused to be variable, functional components such as Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) filter, etc., a matching circuit, a bias circuit, and passive components such as inductor, resistor and/or capacitor, etc. In the high frequency transmitting/receiving circuit, for the above reason, the entirely becomes large and power consumption also becomes large. This is great obstacle to miniaturization and light weight, and realization of low power of communication terminal equipment.
With respect to the above-described voltage controlled oscillator, e.g., as described in the Japanese Patent Application Laid Open No. 82569/1997 publication, there is also employed a variable capacitor 100 in which the MEMS technology which forms very small electrodes or movable bodies, etc. on insulating substrate by the thin film technology or the thick film technology, etc. is used to thereby realize miniaturization. As shown in FIG. 1A, the variable capacitor 100 is composed of an insulating substrate 101, and a movable member 102 of which one end is cantilever-supported on one surface 101a of this insulating substrate 101.
At the insulating substrate 101, as shown in FIG. 1B, on one surface 101a, a rectangular derive electrode 103 and a rectangular detection electrode 104 are formed in the state where insulation therebetween is maintained with each other, and a pair of draw-out electrodes 105, 106 are formed in a manner positioned in correspondence with the supporting portion of the movable member 102. The movable member 102 has insulating property and elasticity, and is composed of a supporting portion 107 formed at one end portion, a fulcrum portion 108 formed on this supporting portion 107 in a projected manner, and a movable position 109 integrally formed along one side portion of this fulcrum portion 108 and opposite to one surface 101a of the insulating substrate 101 with a predetermined spacing.
As shown in FIG. 1C, the movable portion 109 has an external shape sufficient to cover the drive electrode 103 and the detection electrode 104, and is adapted so that a first movable electrode 110 and a second movable electrode 111 are formed on the internal surface opposite to one surface 101a of the insulating substrate 101 respectively in correspondence with these drive electrodes 103 and 104. The first movable electrode 110 and the second movable electrode 111 are conducted from the internal surface of the movable portion 109 to the fulcrum portion 108 and the supporting portion 107, and the supporting portion 107 is respectively connected to the draw-out electrodes 105, 106 in the state fixed on one surface 101a of the insulating substrate 101.
In the variable capacitor 100 constituted as described above, when external bias voltage is applied to the drive electrode 103 and the draw-out electrode 105 connected to the first movable electrode 110, electrostatic force is generated between the drive electrode 103 and the movable electrode 110. In the variable capacitor 100, the movable portion 109 is attracted toward the drive electrode 103 side by this electrostatic force while allowing the fulcrum portion 108 to undergo elastic displacement. In the variable capacitor 100, opposite spacing between the detection electrode 104 and the second movable electrode 111 is prescribed in the state where electrostatic force and elastic force stored at the fulcrum portion 108 is balanced. Thus, taking out of electrostatic capacity generated between these electrodes is carried out.
In the variable capacitor 100, by adjusting external bias voltage in a manner as described above, magnitude of electrostatic force is changed. Thus, opposite spacing between the detection electrode 104 and the second movable electrode 111 is also changed. Since electrostatic capacity generated between the detection electrode 104 and the second movable electrode 111 is proportional to inverse number of the opposite spacing, the variable capacitor 100 functions as capacitor of the variable-capacitance type.
Meanwhile, in the variable capacitor 100, as described above, external bias voltage is applied from the draw-out electrode 105 formed at the insulating substrate 101 to the first movable electrode 110 of the movable member 102 side. In the variable capacitor 100, parasitic inductance which serves as line resistance component is produced between the draw-out electrode 105 and the first movable electrode 110, and is connected in series with capacitor detected by the detection electrode 104 and the second movable electrode 111. Thus, LC resonator is constituted on the whole. Accordingly, in the variable capacitor 100, as the result of the fact that the parasitic inductance component becomes great, the entire resonance frequency is lowered. Thus, the frequency region where the variable capacitor 10 is operative as capacitor becomes narrow.
On the other hand, in the variable capacitor 100, in order to realize low power of equipment, it is necessary to employ a configuration such that the movable member 102 is driven by lower applied voltage, whereby large capacity change is produced between the detection electrode 104 and the second movable electrode 111. In the variable capacitor 100, as described above, external bias voltage sufficient to allow the fulcrum portion 108 to undergo elastic displacement is applied, whereby the opposite spacing between the detection electrode 104 and the second movable electrode 111 is changed. In the variable capacitor 100, consideration is also made such that, e.g., the fulcrum portion 108 is caused to be narrow beam portion to thereby reduce elastic displacement characteristic to realize low voltage drive. However, in the variable capacitor 100, by such countermeasure, there takes place the problem that wiring between the draw-out electrode 105 at the fulcrum portion 108 and the first movable electrode 110 becomes narrow so that line resistance component becomes large.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Capacitor apparatus of the capacity variable type


A passive electro-optical collision avoidance system disposed within a moving vehicle for generating a collision avoidance signal. The system comprises a lens, image sensor and image processor wherein the image processor generates a collision avoidance signal in response to the size of the image and its rate of growth.

This invention relates to electro-optical systems and, particularly, to optical ranging systems for preventing the collision of a vehicle so equipped with a noncooperating vehicle or other roadway object.
Collision avoidance schemes are well known and include systems utilizing radar and radio frequency, laser and optical techniques. A goal of each of these systems is to supplement operator (driver) control during such times when operator inadvertence causes the vehicle to approach an obstacle, or another vehicle, at an excessive rate of speed making safe stopping difficult or impossible.
Collision avoidance systems often require the active cooperation of the obstacle being avoided, that is, the obstacle often must be capable of receiving transmitted energy. Consequently, at a minimum, an antenna or reflector must be mounted to the obstacle. Often the obstacle, a second vehicle, is required to generate an independent signal therein requiring a second vehicle to contain a transmitter. This requires specific frequency assignments of the electro-magnetic radiation from one or both vehicles. In addition, care must be taken to avoid radiofrequency interference or prevent inadvertent activation of other vehicle systems such as adaptive braking systems.
It is a broad object of the present invention to supplement driver awareness of a dangerous situation, to help avoid accidents.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a collision avoidance system which literally watches the road scene ahead of the equipped vehicle independent of driver cooperation.
It is a further object of the invention to determine distance without the cooperation of the obstacle, object or vehicle to be avoided.
It is a still further object to determine the distance and closing rate between a vehicle and an object by measuring the rate of growth of the image and generating a collision avoidance signal when the rate of closure and distance between the vehicle indicate an impending dangerous condition.
These and other objects and purposes of the invention will be clear from the following detailed description of the invention.
Referring first to the bar chart shown on FIG. 7, which illustrates the total stopping distance as a function of vehicle speed. This chart gives an estimated number of feet your car will travel on dry and wet pavement from the time a typical driver perceives danger until he can bring his car to a stop. The stopping distance is segmented into two parts; the distance travelled before the driver reacts to a preceived danger and the distance travelled after the brakes are applied.
The perception/reaction distance 700 is based upon an average of 1.75 seconds between seeing the danger and deciding to stop and another 0.75 seconds to push the brake pedal to the floor. Thus, safe driving would necessitate having a time-space cushion of 2.50 seconds and its corresponding distance between the equipped vehicle and the roadway obstacle. Thus, at a minimum, a system which automatically provides this time-space cushion and supplements driver perception will permit the driver to respond or associated collision avoidance mechanisms to be initiated in a timely manner.
A system is disclosed to avoid a collision between an equipped vehicle and an obstacle reflecting optical radiation.
The invention is applicable to general highway driving conditions, however, the equipped vehicle need not be a car or truck but can be any other type of vehicle such as a people mover traversing within a dedicated guideway.
A particular advantage of this optical approach is that it is amenable to a variety of data processing strategies to overcome spurious responses. The present invention supplements driver awareness permitting automatic perception and mechanized comprehension of potentially dangerous driving situations. By the very optical nature of the collision avoidance system, it receives the cues that a driver should have seen. In addition, the optical nature of the invention readily permits the collision avoidance system to be integrated into visual surveillance systems of driverless vehicles.
The collision avoidance system comprises an electro-optical image sensor such as a charger transfer device and an image processor. An object such as another vehicle lying in the projected path of the equipped vehicle will have its image projected upon the electro-optical sensor. An image processor responds to the size of the projected image and its rate or rates of change, and the velocity of the equipped vehicle and determines the range of the object. If the object is too close for a given relative closure speed (r) range (r), and closure speed range ratio (i.e. r/r) between the object and the equipped vehicle, a collision avoidance signal is generated. The avoidance signal may activate an alarm alerting the operator of the pending emergency. Alternatively, the avoidance signal could be used to activate a collision avoidance system such as a speed control or braking mechanism.
In an alternate embodiment of the invention the lateral motion of objects with respect to the pathway of the equipped vehicle is also computed and a collision avoidance signal generated for the laterally approaching obstacle or vehicle.

Collision avoidance using optical pattern growth rate


The invention concerns a heat sealing composition including an adhesive framework and a framework forming constituent, the adhesive constituent being a maleic vinyl-anhydride ethylene-acetate polymer or a vinyl ethylene-acetate polymer modified to have epoxy functions and the framework forming constituent being selected from among a block polyether amide, modified or not, and a block polyether ester. The composition is useful for making closure plugs.

The invention relates to a thermogluing composition as well as to its use, in particular for the manufacture of a closing stopper for any opening.
It also concerns a closing stopper for any opening consisting of the thermogluing composition of the invention.
Closing devices have already been proposed to stopper any opening, and, in particular, an opening in a metal part.
For example, closing devices have already been proposed which consist of a plastic material based on polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), or a mixture of polypropylene and an ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (PP/EPDM).
Such a closing device consists of a body made of the desired plastic material having the form of the opening to be closed and it comprises a single or double sealing lip which is usually located in the extension of the body of the closing device.
This closing device was placed in the opening to be closed without any subsequent treatment. However, the seal of this closing device against run off water and dust is weak. In addition, when one applies pressure to this closing device in place, the seal is easily broken.
A closing device was then proposed which consists of a steel body and a bead of hot melt deposited on the peripheral surface of the body. Hooking tabs are arranged at the periphery of the body of the closing device in order to maintain this closing device in place. Once the closing device is positioned on the opening, the assembly is subjected to a passage through an oven, and the glue constituting the bead of hot melt melts and hardens during the cooling of the assembly. Thus, the seal between the closing device and the support of the opening has been achieved. The hot melt used is a glue based on a copolymer of ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA) and its derivatives.
However, the metal body of such a closing device raises problems during its fitting in the opening to be closed because of its hardness and its lack of flexibility.
To avoid the problem caused by the metal body of the closing device itself, closing devices have also been proposed whose body is made of a plastic material and which comprise a bead of hot melt deposited on the peripheral surface of this body.
The seal of the closing device on the support comprising the opening to be closed is achieved in the same manner as above by passage through an oven.
More specifically, such a closing device generally consists of a body made of polyamide 66 or of an alloy of polyamide and of polypropylene, and the bead of hot melt is a bead of glue based on a copolymer of ethylene-vinyl acetate and its derivatives.
This type of closing device with a bead of glue presents a good seal against run off water, dust, and pressure, but its manufacturing method requires a step for manufacturing the body and a step for manufacturing and positioning the bead of glue. This method is thus long and complicated to use, and it requires, in addition, a specific apparatus.
Thus, it is desirable to simplify the method of manufacturing this type of closing device and to improve its reproducibility.
The invention is intended to overcome the above drawbacks of the closing devices of the prior art by proposing a closing device which consists of one and the same material which, at the time of passage through the oven, allows the closing of the opening, for example, of a metal plate, while at the same time achieving the desired seal against run off water, dust and pressure, and which can be manufactured at low cost, by a simple and reproducible method.
To this effect, the invention proposes a thermogluing composition of the type comprising an adhesive component and a component forming a framework, characterized in that:
a) the adhesive compound is a polymer of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)-maleic anhydride and/or polyethylene (PE) and/or polypropylene or modified to have epoxy functions, and
b) the component which forms the framework is an ester block polyether (COPE) or an amide block polyether (PEBA) optionally mixed with a copolymer of ethylene/propylene, where said copolymer of ethylene-propylene can be replaced entirely or in part by a terpolymer of ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM).
According to a characteristic of the composition of the invention, said EVA-maleic anhydride contains 0.5-40 wt % of units of vinyl acetate and 0.05-15 wt % of maleic anhydride, the remainder being ethylene.
More preferably, said EVA-maleic anhydride contains 5-25 wt % of units of vinyl acetate and 0.5-10 wt % of maleic anhydride, the remainder being ethylene. It is most preferred for said EVA-maleic anhydride to contain 14 wt % of units of vinyl acetate and 0.5-1 wt % of maleic anhydride.
In a preferred embodiment variant, the polymer of ethylene-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride is a copolymer of ethylene-vinyl acetate grafted with maleic anhydride.
When the EVA is modified to have epoxy functions, the epoxy functions are preferably contributed by glycidyl methacrylate.
The EVA then preferably contains 1-10 wt % of units of glycidyl methacrylate.
According to an embodiment variant of the composition of the invention, the component forming the framework is an ester block polyether (COPE) whose ester part consists of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBTP) and whose ether part consists of units of ethylene glycol and/or propylene glycol.
According to another embodiment variant of the composition of the invention, the framework material is PEBA mixed with a copolymer of ethylene-propylene and/or a terpolymer of ethylene-propylene diene, in which the PEBA consists of blocks of polyamide 6 and ether segments based on ethylene glycol and/or propylene glycol, and the diene of the terpolymer of ethylene-propylene-diene, when present, is butadiene.
Preferably, in the compositions of the invention, the ratio by weight between said active component and said framework forming component is between 80:20 and 70:30.
When the framework forming component is an ester block polyether, the preferred ratio by weight between the adhesive component and the ester block polyether is preferably 60:40.
The preferred ratio by weight between the adhesive component and the framework forming component is 75:25, when the framework forming component is a mixture of PEBA and of a copolymer of ethylene propylene and/or EPDM.
The composition of the invention can, in addition, comprise additives such as resins that are sticky to the touch, fire retardant agents, reinforcement agents, antistatic agents, antifungicides [sic; fungicides], anticoagulation agents, stabilizers against decomposition by light or heat, dyes as well as fillers, alone or in mixtures of several of them.
A preferred composition of the invention comprises in addition to the adhesive component and the framework forming component, a resin which imparts stickiness to the touch at cold temperature.
Preferred resins that impart stickiness to the touch at cold temperature are of the glycol ester type, such as diethylene glycol ester and dipropylene glycol ester.
In this case, the composition of the invention preferably contains 0.2-10 wt % of resin which imparts stickiness to the touch, with reference to the total weight of the composition of the invention.
The invention also proposes a closing stopper for any opening made into a metal support, which [stopper] embraces the composition of the invention.
This closing stopper can consist in its entirety of the composition of the invention.
In particular, this closing stopper comprises a surface having dimensions which are larger than those of the opening to be closed as well as a means for hooking into said opening.
This closing stopper can consist in its entirety of the composition of the invention.
According to a preferred embodiment variant of the closing stopper of the invention, the latter consists of a plate which is made of a material having a melting-decomposition temperature which is higher than the maximum temperature reached during the passage through an oven which is used to glue the stopper to its support, and which has dimensions which are larger than the opening to be closed on at least one of its faces, which plate is coated with a film made of a composition of the invention containing a resin which is sticky to the touch at cold temperature.
In this case, the preferred resin which presents stickiness to the touch at cold temperature is a resin of the glycol ester type. In particular, it is preferable to use a diethylene glycol ester or a propylene glycol ester as resin which presents stickiness to the touch at cold temperature.
In this case, the material constituting the plate can always be a composition of the invention without resin which is sticky to the touch, a metal, an elastomer, a honeycombed elastomer, a rigid plastic, polytetrafluoroethylene, a hot melt composition containing an expansion agent which decomposes at a temperature higher than or equal to 140xc2x0 C.
According to a characteristic of the closing stopper according to this embodiment variant, the plate has a thickness of 0.5-5 mm, and the film has a thickness of 0.3-3 mm.
The invention also covers the use of the composition of the invention for the manufacture of a stopper to close any opening of any type of support or any other type of industrial product.

Heat sealing composition, use thereof and closure plug made from said composition