A system and method for calibrating a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is disclosed, the method comprises providing a plurality of spare bits to each of a group of DAC bits that are designated for calibration, calibrating a first DAC bit of the group of DAC bits using its corresponding plurality of spare bits, and keeping a second DAC bit of the group of DAC bits unchanged while calibrating the first DAC bit.

The present invention relates generally to a digital-to-analog converter, and more particularly to a system and method for providing a calibrated digital-to-analog conversion.
Digital-to-analog conversion is a process for converting information from a digital signal into an analog signal such as a voltage or a current. The digital signal can usually be represented as a binary number. A binary number system represents numeric values using two symbols, typically 0 and 1. Binary numbers are characterized by their having a different weighting for each digit (or bit), such that each bit represents an order of magnitude greater value. For a binary number, the weighting of the bit often referred to as the significance of the bit, doubles for each digit. For example, bit 1 is twice the value of bit 0 and bit 2 is twice the value of bit 1.
FIG. 1A illustrates a conventional digital-analog converter (DAC) 100 implemented in a binary-coded R-2R scheme. The binary-coded R-2R DAC 100 uses a plurality of resistors 102 each having the same resistance arranged in a "ladder" network and a switch assembly 104 connected to a digital input 110. The switch assembly 104 controls multiple current sources, which are weighted to correspond to the weighting of the bits in the digital input 110. To operate the DAC 100, a digital input 110 is coupled to the switch assembly 104. The switch assembly 104 switches the corresponding currents to the resister ladder such that a voltage is developed at the output 112. The linearity of the DAC is dependent on matching the resistors in the ladder network. For example, if the resistance value of the resistors 102 varies between them, then the output signal may not be linear. Due to variations in the manufacturing processes, the resistance values are often mismatched, so the conventional DAC 100 is typically only used for up to 8-bit resolution.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a conventional segmented DAC 200. The conventional segmented DAC 200 is a combination of the conventional binary-weighted DAC 100 shown in FIG. 1A and a fully-decoded thermometer decoder 220 connected to additional current sources (I7-I13) and a plurality of latches 230. To operate the segmented DAC 200, a plurality of digital input signals (b0-b9) are coupled to the latches 230. The latches 230 connect its 7 least significant digital input signals (b0-b6) to the switches 104 of the binary-coded R-2R ladder 100, and its 3 most significant digital input signals (b7-b9) to the thermometer decoder 220. The thermometer coder 220 controls 7 identical current sources (I7-I13), each for providing a current to the resister ladder. Because the current sources (I7-I13) is controlled by the thermometer decoder 220 that is fully decoded rather than binary weighted, the noise level will be lower on the DAC output 112.
Higher level (12 to 14-bit) resolution may be achieved with the segmented DAC 200. However, it also requires a more sophisticated layout scheme and a relatively large integrated circuit area. Additionally, segmented DACs may also require calibrating to correct for manufacturing variations and nonlinearity. For these reasons, it is desirable to have an effective calibration system and method for digital-to-analog conversion such that an acceptable digital-to-analog conversion may be accomplished using less integrated circuit area and without requiring extensive calibrating.

System and method for calibrating digital-to-analog convertors

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.


An exemplary method of using developer as a solvent to spread photoresist faster and reduce photoresist consumption can include dispensing a developer solution onto an integrated circuit wafer, spinning the integrated circuit wafer to distribute the developer solution over the integrated circuit wafer, and dispensing a photoresist solution onto the integrated circuit covered with the developer solution.

The present specification relates generally to the field of integrated circuits and to methods of manufacturing integrated circuits. More particularly, the present specification relates to the use developer as a solvent to spread photoresist faster and then reduce the photoresist consumption.
Generally, conventional integrated circuit manufacturing processes involve the transfer of geometric shapes on a mask to the surface of a semiconductor wafer or layer above the semiconductor wafer. The semiconductor wafer corresponding to the geometric shapes, or corresponding to the areas between the geometric shapes, is etched away. The transfer of the shapes from the mask to the semiconductor wafer typically involves a lithographic process. Conventional lithographic processes include applying a pre-polymer solution to the semiconductor wafer, the pre-polymer being selected to form a radiation-sensitive polymer which reacts when exposed to ultraviolet light, electron beams, x-rays, or ion beams. The solvent in the pre-polymer solution is removed by evaporation, and the resulting polymer film is then baked. The film is exposed to radiation, such as, ultraviolet light, through a photomask supporting the desired geometric patterns.
The images in the photosensitive material are then developed by soaking the wafer in a developing solution. The exposed or unexposed areas are removed in the developing process, depending on the nature of the radiation-sensitive material. Then, the wafer is placed in an etching environment which etches away the areas not protected by the radiation-sensitive material. Due to their resistance to the etching process, the radiation sensitive-materials are also known as photoresists.
The high cost of photoresist pre-polymer solutions makes it desirable to devise methods of improving the efficiency of the coating process to minimize the amount of the polymer solution required to coat a substrate. Furthermore, thickness uniformity of the photoresist layer is an important criterion in the manufacture of integrated circuits. When the radiation is focused through the mask onto the coating, variations in thickness of the coating prevent the precise focus of the radiation over the entire surface of the wafer. Such precision is necessary to ensure satisfactory reproduction of the geometric patterns on the semiconductor wafer. Moreover, high precision is particularly important for advanced circuits with line width dimensions approaching 0.25 micron line widths and smaller.
Photoresist is often deposited to a substrate, or more particularly a wafer, by means of forming a puddle followed by spinning (i.e., spin coating). A large puddle of photoresist covering more than half of the substrate area is applied via a dispenser that directs a steady flow of resist in liquid form. The thickness of the puddle is of the order of a millimeter. The substrate is then spun at a speed ranging from 1,000 to 10,000 RPM to thoroughly spread out and remove the excess resist. This spinning results in a film thickness on the order on between a fraction of micrometer and a few micrometers. Therefore, only a small percentage of the photoresist material actually remains on the substrate. Most of the photoresist material dispensed is wasted, resulting in high cost and waste disposal problems.
During conventional photoresist spin coating, as much as 90% of photoresist material is spun away and wasted. Thus, there is a need to dispense photoresist material in a more efficient manner. Further, there is a need to dispense photoresist material that limits waste and increases uniformity of the dispensed photoresist material.
Thus, there is a need to reduce the expensive photoresist consumption by helping the photoresist material spread faster. Further, there is a need to use developer as a solvent to serve as an aid to reduce inefficient loss of photoresist material during photoresist spin coating. Further still, there is a need to reduce photoresist consumption in the spin coating process.
An exemplary embodiment of the invention is related to a method of using developer as a solvent to spread photoresist faster and reduce photoresist consumption. This method can include dispensing a developer solution onto an integrated circuit wafer, spinning the integrated circuit wafer to distribute the developer solution over the integrated circuit wafer, and dispensing a photoresist solution onto the integrated circuit covered with the developer solution.
Another exemplary embodiment is related to a resist dispensing system used in the dispensing of photoresist material on an integrated circuit wafer in an integrated circuit fabrication process. This system can include a wafer supporting structure configured to spin an integrated circuit wafer, a nozzle for dispensing a developer solution on the integrated circuit wafer, and a nozzle for dispensing a photoresist material on the integrated circuit wafer.
Another embodiment is related to a method for efficient dispensing of photoresist material onto an integrated circuit substrate. This method can include providing a developer coating onto an integrated circuit substrate, dispensing a photoresist solution onto the integrated circuit substrate having the developer coating, and rotating the integrated circuit substrate to distribute the photoresist solution over the integrated circuit substrate.

System for and method of using developer as a solvent to spread photoresist faster and reduce photoresist consumption


An integral single piece yoke casting for connecting one end of a railway car. Such single piece yoke casting includes a first side wall portion having a front face portion which engages at least a portion of a rear face of a front stop member secured within a longitudinal opening of a center sill member. A second side wall portion having a front face portion engages at least a portion of a rear face of another front stop member secured within such longitudinal opening of such center sill member. A horizontally disposed top wall portion, having a third predetermined length and a horizontally disposed bottom wall portion, having a fourth predetermined length, in conjunction with the first side wall portion and the second side wall portion form a generally rectangular yoke casting. A first vertically disposed aperture, having a first predetermined diameter, is formed through such top wall portion at a predetermined location and an axially opposed second vertically disposed aperture, having a second predetermined diameter, is formed through such bottom wall portion at a predetermined location.

As is well known, railway cars are connected together by coupler members. Such couplers may be conventional couplers, articulated couplers or drawbars. Conventional couplers are independent units disposed on an end of each car which interconnect with one another, between adjacent cars, to form a connection. Drawbar assemblies are integral units which extend between the ends of two adjacent cars to form a semipermanent connection therebetween.
In either instance, however, a shank end of the coupler or drawbar will extend into the center sill of a railway car where it is secured so as to transmit longitudinal forces to the car during in track service.
Certain prior inventions have been directed to improvements in the center sill construction for receiving primarily conventional couplers. However, these improvements may also have application in receiving couplers in a slackless system. By slackless, it is meant that the drawbar (or coupler) is received within the center sill in a manner to minimize longitudinal play or movements. However, because it is important for successive railway cars in a train to be able to accommodate relative movement between cars when curves and inclines are negotiated, there must be provision for each car to move in pitch, yaw and roll modes with respect to the coupler member. Moreover, there must be a provision to periodically remove the draft components for repair and replacement of parts and, in connection with drawbar systems, to disconnect connected cars.
In a slackless system, the coupler member is held in a way to eliminate, or minimize, longitudinal movement with respect to the railway car body. This may be done by providing a tapered wedge between a rear wall of a pocket casting (secured in the center sill) and a follower block which rests against the butt end of the coupler member. The wedge tends to force the follower block away from the pocket casting end wall and firmly against the butt end of the drawbar member shank. When cars are being pushed, during operation, the longitudinal forces will cause compression of the drawbar member against the follower block, tapered wedge and pocket end wall.
Conversely, when the railway cars are being pulled, the longitudinal forces tending to separate the drawbar from the pocket casting are countered in some systems by a draft key which is a metal bar that extends laterally of the car center sill through slots in the sidewalls of the center sill and a slot in the shank of the coupler member and in other slackless drawbar systems by a connecting pin.
In a slackless drawbar system, the drawbar is held tightly between the bearing block and follower block by operation of the tapered wedge which separates the pocket casting and follower block and compresses the follower block against the drawbar to force the latter against the bearing block and follower block. However, the mating faces of the follower block and drawbar are preferably curved to permit the drawbar to pivot slightly both vertically and laterally and to permit the car to roll with respect to the drawbar.
Prior to the present invention, the yokes designed for use only with slackless drawbar assemblies have generally been manufactured from a plurality of pieces. This makes the installation of the yoke more difficult. Furthermore, use of separate pieces will tend to weaken the structure.


A lamp assembly includes a positioning seat, and an illumination device rotatably mounted on the positioning seat, so that an included angle between the illumination device and the positioning seat can be adjusted. Thus, the rotary body of the illumination device is rotated about the positioning body of the positioning seat, so that the illumination device can be rotated through 360 degrees so as to provide an illumination effect.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a lamp assembly, and more particularly to a lamp assembly that can be attached on a hand tool, such as a wrench, a screwdriver or the like, thereby providing an illumination effect.
2. Description of the Related Art
A conventional hand tool, such as a wrench, a screwdriver or the like, can be used to operate a workpiece, such as a nut, bolt or the like. However, when the workpiece is located at a deeper or darker site, the user needs to hold a flashlight to provide an illumination effect during operation of the hand tool, thereby causing inconvenience to the user.


A portable liquid collection electrostatic collection precipitator for analyzing air is provided which is a relatively small, self-contained device. The device has a tubular collection electrode, a reservoir for a liquid, and a pump. The pump pumps the liquid into the collection electrode such that the liquid flows down the exterior of the collection electrode and is recirculated to the reservoir. An air intake is provided such that air to be analyzed flows through an ionization section to ionize analytes in the air, and then flows near the collection electrode where ionized analytes are collected. A portable power source is connected to the air intake and the collection electrode. Ionizable constituents in the air are ionized, attracted to the collection electrode, and precipitated in the liquid. The precipitator may also have an analyzer for the liquid and may have a transceiver allowing remote operation and data collection.

Electrostatic precipitators, or collectors, are known to the art. In the simplest form, an electrostatic precipitator has a collection electrode that is electrostatically charged. Adjacent to or surrounding the collection electrode is another surface that can be electrostatically charged. The collection electrode and the adjacent or surrounding surface are oppositely charged by a power source, thereby creating an electrostatic field. As air and any constituents of the air move, actively or passively, into the electrostatic field, the ionizable constituents of the air are ionized. The ionizable constituents are attracted to and collect on the collection electrode.
There are two main types of electrostatic precipitators. Dry precipitators are essentially as described above. Constituents collected on the electrode must be periodically wiped off or otherwise removed from the electrode, or the electrode must be replaced. Wiping mechanisms may be used, or the precipitator must be periodically shut down for cleaning.
Wet or liquid electrostatic precipitators also make use of collection electrodes. In this type of precipitator, however, the collection electrode is periodically or continually washed with a liquid. In these types of precipitators, the collection electrodes are generally planar sheets or plates and are arranged vertically. A liquid such as water is conveyed along the upper edges of the sheets or plates such that it flows down the electrodes. The liquid serves to clean the collection electrode(s) on a continuous or periodic basis, avoiding the need to stop the operation of the precipitator to clean or replace electrodes. The liquid is typically conveyed to a disposal system where it can be filtered and otherwise cleaned.
There are numerous designs of the two types of precipitators briefly described above and known to the art. These precipitators are typically used in industrial and commercial applications to clean ventilation air in buildings of dust and other constituents, or to clean exhaust air from chemical and other manufacturing processes. To accomplish this, the precipitators are typically large structures to provide the greatest surface area possible for collection electrodes to increase the efficiency of the cleaning process. These structures require correspondingly large enclosures. Also, precipitators of this size for these purposes also require large amounts of electrical power to create and maintain the electrostatic fields.
For the foregoing reasons, electrostatic precipitators known to the art are limited to use in fixed locations. They are also limited to use at locations having space available for such apparatus, and at locations having sufficient resources, such as available power, for such use. These requirements also limit use of such precipitators to locations and to uses justifying the expenditures necessary to install, operate, and maintain such devices. Finally, precipitators known in the art are limited to specific uses such as cleaning air that is being taken in to a facility or air that is being exhausted from a facility.
The invention disclosed and claimed herein, while operating on the same principles as precipitators known in the art, presents an electrostatic precipitator that does not suffer from the limitations inherent in those described above and enables a method of sampling air at selected locations.

Portable liquid collection electrostatic precipitator


A light-emitting panel (50) includes a first light source (511) for emitting first light of a first single color, a second light source (512) for emitting second light of a second single color and a light guide plate (52). The light guide plate (52) includes a light incident surface (55) for receiving the first and second light and a display surface (53). A plurality of first microstructures (561) and second microstructures (562) are formed at the display surface (53). The first and second microstructures (561,562) are configured for allowing the first and second light to exit therethrough. The first and second microstructures (561,562) are respectively arranged to form a first pattern (58) and a second pattern (59). A first dye material and second dye material are respectively applied to the first and second microstructures (561,562).

1. Technical Field
The disclosure generally relates to a light-emitting panel, and particularly to a light-emitting panel incorporating light-emitting diodes as light source.
2. Description of Related Art
Light-emitting panels are commonly used in luminous signs for advertising purposes. Light of the typical light-emitting panels is provided by a tubular low-pressure mercury-vapor discharge lamp, for example a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL). However, CCFL is harmful to the environment.
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) have many advantages, such as high luminance, low power consumption, highly compatible with integrated circuits, long-term reliability and environmental friendliness and are widely used as light sources instead of CCFLs, as described in an article entitled "Solid-State Lighting: Toward Superior Illumination" cited in a publication of Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 93, No. 10, October, 2005 authored by Michael S. Shur.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,539,656 discloses a light-emitting panel with LEDs. The light-emitting panel includes a light-emitting window and an opposite rear wall. The rear wall has two opposed edge surfaces. At least one of the edge surfaces is light transmitting and associated with a plurality of LEDs. A plurality of deformities is provided in the rear wall for extracting light from the panel via the light emitting window. However, the deformities can only be arranged horizontally or vertically, and the light-emitting panel can only display two different light symbols. As a result, the attractiveness of the light-emitting panel is limited.
Therefore, a light-emitting panel is desired to overcome the above shortcomings.


A new and distinct Vriesea sp. plant named ‘SHINE’, characterized as funnel-form rosette plant, measuring about 35 cm to 40 cm in total height (when flowering) and about 45 cm in diameter; compound, orange-red (RHS 34A) and yellow-orange (RHS 14A) in color, bipinate spike inflorescence, measuring about 20 cm to 25 cm in height and about 12 cm in diameter; about 5 branches; and green foliage, measuring about 32 cm to 40 cm in length and about 3.0 cm in width.

The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Vriesea plant, botanically known as Vriesea sp., hereinafter referred to by the cultivar name 'SHINE'. The genus of Vriesea belongs to the Bromeliaceae family.
The new Vriesea 'SHINE' is a product of a planned breeding program conducted by the inventors, Elly Bak and Nico D.M. Steur, in Assendelft, The Netherlands. The objective of the breeding program is to develop a new Vriesea variety with good growing habit and attractive inflorescence.
The new Vriesea 'SHINE' originated from a cross made in a controlled breeding program by the inventors in 1994 in Assendelft, The Netherlands. The female or seed parent is the Vriesea selection designated '91229' (unpatented), and the male or pollen parent is the Vriesea selection designated '91231' (unpatented). 'SHINE' was discovered and selected by the inventors in November of 1997, as a single flowering plant within the progeny of the stated cross in a controlled environment in Assendelft, The Netherlands.
Asexual reproduction of the new Vriesea 'SHINE' performed by vegetative means by tissue culture was first performed in 2004, in Assendelft, The Netherlands. The first 'SHINE' plants propagated through the use of tissue culture flowered in 2009, in Assendelft, The Netherlands, and have demonstrated that the combination of characteristics as herein disclosed for the new cultivar are firmly fixed and retained through successive generations of asexual reproduction. The new cultivar reproduces true-to-type.


A portable air cooler for installation near a kitchen or similar sink using tap water as a refrigerant. The portable air cooler comprises a fan and an air cooling coil at the inlet opening of the fan. The cooling coil comprises hose means to circulate a flow of cold water from the faucet of a kitchen sink, through the coil and back into the sink. The fan and the cooling coil are contained within a housing which has baffle means to expel air upwardly. The baffle means on the housing provides for mixing a naturally rising warm air with a naturally falling cold air within a room to be cooled. The still cold water flowing out of the cooling coil and into the kitchen sink cools the surface of the sink. The portable air cooler is adapted to generate an air circulation over the surface of the sink whereby warm air is pre-cooled before entering the fan. The kitchen sink is used as a heat exchanger in series with the cooling coil inside the unit to cool ambient air through the fan.

Air conditioners of the conventional type are generally electrically operated, having a fan, an evaporator coil containing a refrigerant, a compressor, condenser coil, an expansion valve for determining the refrigerant evaporating temperature, a thermostat, and an electrical control circuit. This type of equipment is normally enclosed within a rectangular cabinet. The dimensions of the cabinet are usually defined to provide an installation of the unit in a standard window opening, whereby the air from outside is forced through the evaporator coil and within the room. Other models of cabinet are designed for a permanent installation through a wall of a building.
Although the field of air conditioners is a mature art, and the efficiency of most commercial units is undisputable, the selling price of an air conditioner is not affordable by all. Likewise, it is not every home which has a window of proper dimensions to receive an air conditioner, and it is not every home owner who is willing to install a unit permanently through a wall of an apartment.
For those exceptions, relief from warm weather is generally obtained from fans which induce air movement and promote evaporation of moisture at the skin surface, providing thereby a cooling effect. Notwithstanding the fact that fans lessen the discomfort from warm weather, the air conditioner is a long leap ahead in controlling the temperature of an apartment. Unfortunately, the nature of the refrigerant remains a primary obstacle in reducing the cost of an air conditioner to please a larger number of users. The need for a compressor and evaporation equipment adds to the complexity and the selling price of those appliances.
Cold water from a house plumbing system is an abundant source of refrigerant. The cold water generally comes from deep in the ground where the temperature is relatively constant despite the warmth of the season.
Water is also priceless and nonperishable. Aside from the cost of pumping and treating it, water follows the natural cycle of evaporation and rain to recover its full properties and static energy. There are many homes in rural areas which pump their water from individual wells and where the filtering and treating of water is not needed. There are still numerous municipalities which do not treat their water either, and where the cost of pumping it is reduced from a gravity fed reservoir. For all these applications, cold water from a house's piping system is an attractive refrigerant to reduce the temperature of air passing through a fan.


An image processing apparatus includes a classifier (804a) which classifies a plurality of captured images into groups for each image capturing condition, a calculation processor (804b) which performs common calculation processing on a plurality of images classified into the same group and generate optical transfer function information or point spread function information for each image capturing condition, and an image restorer (804c) which performs restoration processing on the plurality of images based on the optical transfer function information or the point spread function information.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus which corrects a deterioration of an image caused by an image pickup optical system.
Description of the Related Art
For an object captured via an image pickup optical system, light emitted from one point cannot be converged to another point and has a minute spread due to an influence of a diffraction, an aberration, or the like that occurs in the image pickup optical system. Such a minutely-spread distribution is referred to as a PSF (point spread function). Due to the influence of the image pickup optical system, the captured image is formed with the PSF convolved with the image, and accordingly, the image is blurred and its resolution is deteriorated.
Recently, the captured image is typically stored as electronic data, and a method (image restoration processing) of correcting the deterioration of the image caused by the image pickup optical system has been proposed. However, if such image restoration processing is to be performed on a large number of images, a huge amount of time is necessary.
Japanese Patent Laid-open No. H10-336450 discloses a method of dividing a process into a step of performing common correction processing on various negative films and positive films by commonalizing pre-processing for data correction of an OHP and a step of performing different correction processing to shorten the pre-processing time.
However, Japanese Patent Laid-open No. H10-336450 does not disclose a method of accelerating image restoration processing depending on a huge amount of image capturing conditions. In particular, when the image restoration processing is to be performed on a huge amount of images, efficient processing is desired to shorten the processing time.

Image processing apparatus, image pickup apparatus, image processing method, and non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for correcting deterioration of image


A method and apparatus for transforming a web page that contains main content and auxiliary data. The web page is converted into a string containing multiple first values and multiple second values. The first values correspond to formatting code segments within the web page and the second values correspond to text segments within the web page. Further, a low-pass filter is applied to the string containing multiple first values and multiple second values, and the output of the low-pass filter is used to determine the location of the main content within the web page.

With the growing popularity of wireless Internet, the demand for presenting a wide variety of existing web pages on mobile or portable devices such as wireless telephones, pagers, and personal data assistants (PDA) is a compelling need. However, among a vast quantity of web pages accessible over the Internet, there are only a few web pages, which are specifically designed for mobile or portable devices. The majority of web pages existing today are written in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) which cannot be rendered by many portable devices. For example, typical wireless telephones can only access pages written in Wireless Markup Language (WML) or Handheld Device Markup Language (HDML). Accordingly, in order to display an existing HTML page on a portable device, this HTML page needs to be transformed into a WML page or HDML page that is viewable on the portable device.
One of the most challenging problems in transforming an HTML page is separating the main content included in the HTML page from auxiliary HTML data that surrounds the main content. The main content includes meaningful information that should be displayed to users of mobile devices. For example, in a news web page, the main content includes the news story, together with its title and/or headline. The auxiliary HTML data may include formatting code embedded in the text and some text segments that are not a part of the main content. The formatting code (also known as markup tags) may be used, for example, to define the page layout, fonts and graphic elements, as well as the hypertext links to other documents on the Internet. The auxiliary text segments include information that does not need to be displayed to the users of mobile devices (e.g., text in the header of the page, navigation links, inset boxes with text, etc.).
A typical HTML page includes alternating markup tag segments and text segments. Because portable devices do not understand HTML, the markup tags need to be removed from the HTML page when transforming the HTML page into a WML or HDML page. In addition, the auxiliary text segments need to be separated from the main content. However, since HTML is fundamentally a formatting language, no semantic information exists to define the content of the text segments on an HTML page. For example, a block of data that looks like "<b>xxxxxx</b>" might be a date, an author, a headline, or an advertisement, and there is no mechanism to determine the content of this block of data without a human reading it. As a result, it is difficult to identify the portions of the HTML page that need to be marked up for display on a mobile device.

Signal-processing based approach to translation of web pages into wireless pages


An exemplary breaking or excavating tool includes a body having a mounting end and a working end. A seating surface at the working end includes a cavity and axially projecting sidewalls formed integral to the body, an insert mounted within the cavity has a tip at an axially forwardmost end, a tapered forward surface, a side surface and a transition edge at an intersection of the forward surface and the side surface. A ring located radially outward of the projecting sidewalls is formed of a material harder than the body of the tool. The transition edge and an axially forwardmost surface of each of the sidewalls and the ring are arranged in an axially rearwardly extending stepped configuration. A material removal machine on which the breaking or excavating tool is mounted and a method of manufacturing the breaking or excavating tool are also disclosed.

In the discussion of the background that follows, reference is made to certain structures and/or methods. However, the following references should not be construed as an admission that these structures and/or methods constitute prior art. Applicant expressly reserves the right to demonstrate that such structures and/or methods do not qualify as prior art.
Tools for breaking or excavating with working inserts of hard metal have been produced in configurations which have a lower energy consumption for a given operating capability. Although the front tip of the insert is intended to provide the cutting or breaking action in these low energy tools, if the body exposed to impact or abrasion during operation of the tool is made of a softer material, the body is subject to wear and damage. One result of this wear and damage is to weaken the attachment of the insert. The tool then fails prematurely because the insert has been dislodged.
Currently there is no pick of this fashion suitable for hard cutting conditions (e.g. tunneling, trenching, etc. . . . ). Caps offer steel wash protection but do not tend to stay on their steel bodies in tough conditions. In one known tool, a ring is located on the front face of the body. However, the axial location of the ring over the insert makes penetration difficult because of the blunting of the tip. Blunt picks produce excessive dust, consume too much energy, produce more heat, and create extreme vibration.
There is a need for a breaking or excavating tool that would give the benefits of a cap and the holding power of an insert and be suitable for the toughest conditions while extending the life of the tool. In addition, blunting of the tool should be minimized for improved performance.

Breaking or excavating tool with cemented tungsten carbide insert and ring


Antifriction bearings include circumferential as well as axial flux paths that the flux of four identical-polarity magnetic poles follows about an annular stator having annular end-pieces that enables a square law reduction in rotor eddy current effects over the heretofore known magnetic bearings. In one embodiment, control coils alone provide magnetic suspension along orthogonal X, Y axes, and in another embodiment, combination control and bias coils cooperate to provide magnetic suspension along the orthogonal X, Y axes. The stator and rotor are preferably constituted, in part, of a lamination of high magnetic permeability material.

Magnetic suspensions are commonly employed where it is necessary or desirable to provide antifriction bearings for a rotating member such as a shaft. In a typical configuration, eight (8) poles, a first set of opposing pairs of poles to control the position of the rotating member about a first axis and a second set of opposing pairs of poles to control the position of the rotating member about a second axis orthogonal to the first axis, are provided on a stator. Each pole pair of the opposing pole pairs of the first and second sets of pole pairs is typically wrapped with a pair of control coils in electrical series relation. Excitation of the series coil pair of any pair of poles of either set of opposing pole pairs induces an additive magnetomotive force, that attracts the shaft, and a flux that traverses a magnetic circuit that is constituted by those poles, the included part of the rotor backiron and rotor and the poles/rotor gaps. To reverse the direction of force that acts on the rotor, the opposing serially connected coils of a set of pole pairs are excited. The magnitude of the force is proportional to the flux density squared, and directly proportional to the pole pair area.
To improve the speed of response of the control coils, and to linearize force as a function of flux density, it is known to additionally wrap a bias coil on each pole, in series with all of the other bias coils, and to electrically connect in series the control coils of the opposing pairs of poles of each set of opposing pole pairs. The bias coils are typically excited to provide a constant flux density across the gaps, usually at one half the saturation flux density of the pole magnetic material. The flux produced by the bias coils does not create a net force. The control coils, connected in series for each axis, are activated to provide a control flux that is added to the bias flux on one end and subtracted on the other end to produce a net force. Reversing the current reverses the direction of force.
In the typical prior art magnetic bearing embodiment, the eight (8) pole pieces wrapped with control coils, or control/bias coils, to provide four (4) North and four (4) South poles were able to controllably suspend a rotating shaft about mutually orthogonal axes, but the utility thereof in many applications was limited in respect of speed, size and power. The faster the rotating member is to turn, the more quickly the rotor will be cut by the alternating North and South poles of the sets of opposing pole pairs of the heretofore known magnetic bearings, and the greater the eddy current and hysteresis effects that will be induced in the rotor thereof. These eddy current and hysteresis effects produce heat and torque on the rotating member, thereby placing an upper bound on the rotor's rotational speed beyond which the heretofore known magnetic bearings became ineffective.
For a given force, the series coils for a pole pair must provide a magnetomotive force sufficient to overcome the high reluctance of two air gaps. A high ampere-turn condition is required which results in high power input. Or, increased volume for a lower power coil is traded off for pole volume which results in less force capability.
Also, the stator backiron radial dimension is equal to the thickness of a pole piece in order to reach magnetic saturation simultaneously in the pole piece and backiron. This limitation on backiron thickness further limits the volume available to coils.

High-speed, low-loss antifriction bearing assembly


A chemical heat storage device includes a reaction vessel accommodating a heat storage material, a heat exchange flow path provided so that a heat-exchange fluid flows along an outer surface of the reaction vessel, and the chemical heat storage device being configured in such a manner that the reaction vessel is rotated and the heat storage material is agitated, by a flow force of the heat-exchange fluid.

Conventionally, a chemical heat storage device using a heat storage material is known. Such a chemical heat storage device is disclosed in JPH5-248728A, for example.
The above-mentioned JPH5-248728A discloses a chemical heat storage type heat pump (a chemical heat storage device) provided with a reactor accommodating a solid particle (a heat storage material) which reacts with water vapor, an evaporative condenser connected to the reactor via a reactant gas supply pipe and accommodating water formed by condensed water vapor, a pair of heat medium flow paths which are respectively provided around the reactor and around the evaporative condenser and through which heat medium flows, and a rotation shaft drive portion. The chemical heat storage type heat pump is configured in such a manner that the reactor, the evaporative condenser and the reactant gas supply pipe are rotated about the rotation shaft by drive power of the rotation shaft drive portion, thereby moving and flowing (agitating) the solid particle that is in the reactor.


In a multilayer wiring board comprising a substrate on which two or more layers of wiring or insulation film are formed of different materials, for example, the wiring layer is processed so that the processed side faces of the board contour a stepped shape in the cross-sectional view of the board, whereby coverage of a film formed thereon can be improved. Specifically, first, insulation film 2 is formed on a substrate 1 and then, resistor film 3 and resistor electrode film 4 are continuously formed thereon to form a film of multiple structure. Mask 9 is formed thereon. Then, the layers is etched successively in the order of from the top layer and thereafter only the resistor electrode film 4 is further etched with an etching solution which selectively etches only the resistor electrode film 4 to form a stepwise patterned side face. Finally, the mask is removed and wiring electrode film 5 is formed.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacture of multilayer wiring boards and to the resulting multilayer wiring boards, and more particularly to a method for manufacture of multilayer wiring boards comprising a substrate and a wiring pattern, a resistor film pattern or an insulator film pattern formed on the substrate by laminating two or more layers of different materials and to the resulting multilayer wiring boards.
In general, as multilayer wiring boards on which electronic components are to be mounted in high density, there are used multilayer wiring boards prepared by forming a thin film multilayer wiring comprising an organic insulating film and a metal wiring pattern on a substrate. In the multilayer wiring boards of this type, a main conductor layer (metal wiring pattern) and an antioxidation protective layer are successively formed to prevent oxidation of the surface of the metal wiring pattern. Therefore, the wiring pattern has a multiple structure comprising the conductor layer and the antioxidation protective layer which are laminated. Furthermore, in such multilayer wiring boards, for the purpose of flattening of the boards the insulating layer is constructed of a plurality of different insulating films in a laminated form.
Hitherto, processing of wiring materials and insulating films of such a multilayer structure has been carried out by etching the respective laminated layers successively or the two or more layers simultaneously from the upper layer side in accordance with photoetching or the like to form a pattern. Alternatively, the pattern can be formed by repeating the photoetching by the number of times corresponding to the number of the wiring materials, the resistor materials and the insulating materials.
A prior art on the multilayer wiring boards of this type is disclosed, for example, in JP 60-10755A.
In the technique of the prior art above, when the wiring materials, resistor materials and insulating materials of multilayer structure are subjected to etching, the etching is carried out successively in the order of from the top layer to the lower layers and, therefore, the under-etching of the upper layers occurs when the lower layer is etched. When a film of a wiring material is further formed over the formed wiring pattern of a multilayer structure, the film of the wiring material cannot be sufficiently formed at the under-etched portion to cause decrease of coverage. Moreover, in order to prevent occurrence of the under-etching in the prior technique, a plurality of patterning steps of a mask material are needed and a plurality of photoetching steps are needed. Thus, the number of processing steps increases undesirably.

Method for manufacture of multilayer wiring board and the multilayer wiring board


A one-way clutch includes: a plurality of engaging elements which restrict relative rotation toward the other side of a circumferential direction by engagement with an inner ring outer circumferential surface and an outer ring inner circumferential surface and which allows the relative rotation along the other side of the circumferential direction by releasing the engagement; and a ring-shaped cage which holds the engaging elements. In a clutch unit, a positioning member which is capable of contact a side surface of the cage in an axial direction and which positions the cage along the axial direction is provided between the one-way clutch and a rolling bearing.

In a wind power generation device according to the background art of the present application, a wind force is received by a blade to rotate a main shaft connected to the blade, and a power generator is driven by increasing a speed of the rotation of the main shaft by a speed-up gear.
In the speed-up gear of the wind power generation device, a roller bearing rotatably supporting an output shaft rotating at a high speed is provided. This roller bearing has, however, a problem in which its lifetime is reduced due to smearing (a phenomenon in which a seizure is caused in a surface layer) occurring on a rolling contact surface of a roller or a raceway surface of a turning wheel.

Clutch unit and wind power generation device


Etoposide analogs such as 4xe2x80x2-O-demethyl-4xcex2-[4xe2x80x3-(methyl-L-tyrosine-N-carbonyl)-anilino]-4-desoxy-podophyllotoxin (12) and 4xe2x80x2-O-demethyl-4xcex2-[4xe2x80x3-(methyl-L-tryptophan-N-carbonyl)-anilino]-4-desoxypodophyllotoxin (13) are described, along with pharmaceutical formulations containing the same, methods of use thereof, and intermediates and methods of making the same.

The present invention concerns etoposide or podophyllotoxin analogs such as 4-beta-[(4xe2x80x3-benzamido)-amino]-epipodophyllotoxins, pharmaceutical formulations containing the same, and the use thereof to treat cancer.
Etoposide (1) and Teniposide (2) are semisynthetic glucosidic cyclic acetals of podophyllotoxin (3) currently used in the chemotherapy for various types of cancer
(Jardine. (1980) Anticancer Agents Based on Natural Products Models; Academic Press: New York, p. 319, Issell. (1982) Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 7:73). Another epipodophyllotoxin derivative, GL-331, has been developed and tested in phase II clinical trials against various cancers (Lee et al. (1995) Food and Drug Analysis. 3:209). Interestingly, although podophyllotoxin inhibits the assembly of microtubules, the primary action mode of its 4xcex2-congeners, the epipodophyllotoxins, is to inhibit the catalytic activity of topoisomerase II by stabilizing the covalent topoisomerase II-DNA cleavable complex, cause DNA strands breaking and eventually lead to cell death (Osheroff et al. (1991) BioEssays 13:269, Alton and Harris (1993) Br. J. Haematol. 85:241-245, Cho et al. (1996) J. Med. Chem. 39:1383-1395, MacDonald et al. (1991) DNA Topoisomerase in Cancer; Oxford University Press: New York, p. 119).
U.S. Pat. No. 5,300,500 to Lee et al. describes a podophyllotoxin analog of formula 4-V as follows:
There remains a need for new etoposide analogs with anticancer and antitumor activity.
A first aspect of the present invention is a compound according to Formula I:
wherein:
X is a linking group selected from the group consisting of xe2x80x94Oxe2x80x94, xe2x80x94Sxe2x80x94, xe2x80x94NHxe2x80x94, xe2x80x94COxe2x80x94, xe2x80x94CHxe2x95x90Nxe2x80x94, or CH2NHxe2x80x94, and in one preferred embodiment is xe2x80x94NHxe2x80x94; R1 is a covalent linkage between X and Y, or is loweralkyl, loweralkenyl, or phenyl, and when phenyl is unsubstituted or is substituted from one to four times with loweralkyl, hydroxy, alkoxyl, alkylogen, or alkylamino, alkyoxycarbonyl, amino, halogen, nitro, or nitrile, and in one preferred embodiment R1 is phenyl;
Y is xe2x80x94NHCOxe2x80x94 or xe2x80x94CONHxe2x80x94;
Z is xe2x80x94CHR2xe2x80x94(CH2)nR3, where n is 0 to 2 and R2 is xe2x80x94COOH, xe2x80x94NH2, xe2x80x94COOR31 where R31 is loweralkyl, COOCH2Ph, or xe2x80x94NHCOOCH2Ph (xe2x80x9cPhxe2x80x9d meaning phenyl);
R3 is a lower alkyl, loweralkenyl or aryl, which may be unsubstituted or substituted one or more times with loweralkyl, loweralkenyl, or hydroxy, alkoxyl, alkylamino, thioalkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, guanidino, or amido, and in one preferred embodiment R3 is phenyl, indolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, or benzamidazolyl; and
D is selected from the group consisting of xe2x80x94CH2OC(xe2x95x90O)xe2x80x94; xe2x80x94CH2OC(xe2x95x90CH2)xe2x80x94; xe2x80x94CH2CH2C(xe2x95x90O)xe2x80x94; xe2x80x94CH2OC(xe2x95x90S)xe2x80x94; xe2x80x94CH2OCH2xe2x80x94; xe2x80x94CH2OCH(xe2x80x94OH)xe2x80x94; xe2x80x94CH2OCH(OCH3)xe2x80x94; xe2x80x94CH2CH2C(xe2x80x94NR12)xe2x80x94 where R12 is loweralkyl; xe2x80x94C(xe2x95x90O)CH2C(O)xe2x80x94; xe2x80x94CH2OS(xe2x95x90O)(xe2x95x90O)OCH2xe2x80x94; and xe2x80x94CH2OS(xe2x95x90O)OCH2xe2x80x94;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
A particular embodiment of the foregoing is a compound having the structure of Formula II:
wherein:
Y is an xe2x80x94NHCOxe2x80x94 or xe2x80x94CONHxe2x80x94 linking group;
Z is xe2x80x94CHR2xe2x80x94(CH2)nR3, where n is 0 to 2 and R2 is xe2x80x94COOH, xe2x80x94NH2, xe2x80x94COOCH3, COOCH2Ph, or xe2x80x94NHCOOCH2Ph;
R3 is a lower alkyl, loweralkenyl or phenyl; and
R5, R6, R7, and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, loweralkyl, hydroxy, alkoxyl, alkylogen, or alkylamino, alkyoxycarbonyl, amino, halogen, nitro, and nitrile;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
A further aspect of the present invention is a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound as described above in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (e.g.,an aqueous carrier).
A still further aspect of the present invention is a method of treating a cancer, comprising administering to a human or animal subject in need thereof a treatment effective amount (e.g., an amount effective to treat, slow the progression of, etc.) of a compound as described above. Examples of cancers that may be treated include, but are not limited to, skin cancer, lung cancer including small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, testicular cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, Kaposi""s sarcoma, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, central nervous system cancer, liver cancer and prostate cancer.
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying figures, which further illustrate the invention described herein. This invention may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the description of the invention and the appended claims, the singular forms xe2x80x9caxe2x80x9d, xe2x80x9canxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9cthexe2x80x9d are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. All publications, patent applications, patents and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The term xe2x80x9calkylxe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cloweralkylxe2x80x9d as used herein refers to C1 to C4, C6 or C8 alkyl, which may be linear or branched and saturated or unsaturated.
xe2x80x9cCycloalkylxe2x80x9d is specified as such herein, and is typically C3, C4 or C5 to C6 or C8 cycloalkyl.
xe2x80x9cAlkenylxe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cloweralkenylxe2x80x9d as used herein likewise refers to C1 to C4 alkenyl, and alkoxy or loweralkoxy as used herein likewise refers to C1 to C4 alkoxy.
xe2x80x9cAlkoxyxe2x80x9d as used herein refers to linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated oxo-hydrocarbon chains, including for example methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, and t-butoxy.
The term xe2x80x9carylxe2x80x9d as used herein refers to C3 to C10 cyclic aromatic groups such as phenyl, naphthyl, and the like, and includes substituted aryl groups such as tolyl.
xe2x80x9cHaloxe2x80x9d as used herein refers to any halogen group, such as chloro, fluoro, bromo, or iodo.
The term xe2x80x9chydroxyalkylxe2x80x9d as used herein refers to C1 to C4 linear or branched hydroxy-substituted alkyl, i.e., xe2x80x94CH2OH, xe2x80x94(CH2)2OH, etc.
The term xe2x80x9caminoalkylxe2x80x9d as used herein refers to C1 to C4 linear or branched amino-substituted alkyl, wherein the term xe2x80x9caminoxe2x80x9d refers to the group NRxe2x80x2Rxe2x80x3, wherein Rxe2x80x2 and Rxe2x80x3 are independently selected from H or lower alkyl as defined above, i.e., xe2x80x94NH2, xe2x80x94NHCH3, xe2x80x94N(CH3)2, etc.
The term xe2x80x9coxyalkylxe2x80x9d as used herein refers to C1 to C4 oxygen-substituted alkyl, i.e., xe2x80x94OCH3, and the term xe2x80x9coxyarylxe2x80x9d as used herein refers to C3 to C10 oxygen-substituted cyclic aromatic groups.
The term xe2x80x9calkylenedioxyxe2x80x9d refers to a group of the general formula xe2x80x94ORxe2x80x2Oxe2x80x94, xe2x80x94ORxe2x80x2ORxe2x80x2xe2x80x94, or xe2x80x94Rxe2x80x2ORxe2x80x2ORxe2x80x2xe2x80x94 where each Rxe2x80x2 is independently alkyl.
xe2x80x9cTreatxe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9ctreatingxe2x80x9d as used herein refers to any type of treatment that imparts a benefit to a patient afflicted with a disease, including improvement in the condition of the patient (e.g., in-one or more symptoms), delay in the progression of the disease, prevention or delay of the onset of the disease, etc.
xe2x80x9cPharmaceutically acceptablexe2x80x9d as used herein means that the compound or composition is suitable for administration to a subject to achieve the treatments described herein, without unduly deleterious side effects in light of the severity of the disease and necessity of the treatment.
xe2x80x9cInhibitxe2x80x9d as used herein means that a potential effect is partially or completely eliminated.
The present invention is concerned primarily with the treatment of human subjects, but may also be employed for the treatment of other animal subjects (i.e., mammals, avians) for veterinary purposes. Mammals are preferred, with humans being particularly preferred.
A. Active Compounds
Active compounds of the present invention may be produced by the procedures described herein or variations thereof which will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Novel intermediates useful for producing the active compounds described herein are also an aspect of the present invention, as are novel methods useful for producing such intermediates and active compounds.
Intermediates: One example of an intermediate which may be used to carry out the methods of synthesis described below is as follows:
where X is a linking group selected from the group consisting of xe2x80x94CHxe2x95x90Nxe2x80x94, or xe2x80x94CH2NHxe2x80x94; and D is selected from the group consisting of xe2x80x94CH2OC(xe2x95x90CH2)xe2x80x94; xe2x80x94CH2CH2C(xe2x95x90O)xe2x80x94; xe2x80x94CH2OC(xe2x95x90S)xe2x80x94; xe2x80x94CH2CH2C(xe2x80x94NR12)xe2x80x94 where R12 is loweralkyl; xe2x80x94C(xe2x95x90O)CH2C(O)xe2x80x94; xe2x80x94CH2OS(xe2x95x90O)(xe2x95x90O)OCH2xe2x80x94.
Synthetic Methods: Synthetic methods for X derivations: When X is xe2x80x94Sxe2x80x94 (Z. G. Wang et al. (1992) Yaoxue Xuebao. 27: 656), xe2x80x94NHxe2x80x94 (K. H. Lee et al. (1989) J. Nat. Prod. 52:606), or xe2x80x94COxe2x80x94 (Z. X. Chen et al. (2000) Chinese Chemical Letters.11:505), published synthetic procedures are applied.
When X is xe2x80x94CHxe2x95x90Nxe2x80x94 or xe2x80x94CH2NHxe2x80x94, the following synthetic methods may be applied:
General Synthetic method for C4 side chain extension: Using conjugation agents: 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 4-(dimethylamino) pyridine (DMAP)
Synthetic methods for D derivations: When D is xe2x80x94CH2OC(xe2x95x90CH2)xe2x80x94:
When D is xe2x80x94CH2CH2C(xe2x95x90O)xe2x80x94 or xe2x80x94CH2CH2C(xe2x80x94NR)xe2x80x94:
When D is xe2x80x94CH2OC(xe2x95x90S)xe2x80x94:
When D is xe2x80x94CH2OCH2xe2x80x94, xe2x80x94CH2OCH(xe2x80x94OH)xe2x80x94, or xe2x80x94CH2OCH(OCH3)xe2x80x94: The procedures detailed in X. M. Zhou et al. (1994) J. Med. Chem. 37:287 are followed.
Examples of active compounds of the present invention that can be produced. by the procedures described above include, but are not limited to:

B. Formulations and Pharmaceutically Acceptable Salts
The term xe2x80x9cactive agentxe2x80x9d as used herein, includes the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compound. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are salts that retain the desired biological activity of the parent compound and do not impart undesired toxicological effects. Examples of such salts are (a) acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids, for example hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid and the like; and salts formed with organic acids such as, for example, acetic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, citric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, tannic acid, palmitic acid, alginic acid, polyglutamic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, naphthalenedisulfonic acid, polygalacturonic acid, and the like; and (b) salts formed from elemental anions such as chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
Active agents used to prepare compositions for the present invention may alternatively be in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable free base of active agent. Because the free base of the compound is less soluble than the salt, free base compositions are employed to provide more sustained release of active agent to the target area. Active agent present in the target area which has not gone into solution is not available to induce a physiological response, but serves as a depot of bioavailable drug which gradually goes into solution.
The compounds of the present invention are useful as pharmaceutically active agents and may be utilized in bulk form. More preferably, however, these compounds are formulated into pharmaceutical formulations for administration. Any of a number of suitable pharmaceutical formulations may be utilized as a vehicle for the administration of the compounds of the present invention.
The compounds of the present invention may be formulated for administration for the treatment of a variety of conditions. In the manufacture of a pharmaceutical formulation according to the invention, the compounds of the present invention and the physiologically acceptable salts thereof, or the acid derivatives of either (hereinafter referred to as the xe2x80x9cactive compoundxe2x80x9d) are typically admixed with, inter alia, an acceptable carrier. The carrier must, of course, be acceptable in the sense of being compatible with any other ingredients in the formulation and must not be deleterious to the patient. The carrier may be a solid or a liquid, or both, and is preferably formulated with the compound as a unit-dose formulation, for example, a tablet, which may contain from 0.5% to 95% by weight of the active compound. One or more of each of the active compounds may be incorporated in the formulations of the invention, which may be prepared by any of the well-known techniques of pharmacy consisting essentially of admixing the components, optionally including one or more accessory ingredients.
The formulations of the invention include those suitable for oral, rectal, topical, buccal (e.g., sub-lingual), parenteral (e.g., subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, or intravenous) and transdermal administration, although the most suitable route in any given case will depend on the nature and severity of the condition being treated and on the nature of the particular active compound which is being used.
Formulations suitable for oral administration may be presented in discrete units, such as capsules, cachets, lozenges, or tablets, each containing a predetermined amount of the active compound; as a powder or granules; as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid; or as an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion. Such formulations may be prepared by any suitable method of pharmacy which includes the step of bringing into association the active compound and a suitable carrier (which may contain one or more accessory ingredients as noted above).
In general, the formulations of the invention are prepared by uniformly and intimately admixing the active compound with a liquid or finely divided solid carrier, or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the resulting mixture. For example, a tablet may be prepared by compressing or molding a powder or granules containing the active compound, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients. Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing, in a suitable machine, the compound in a free-flowing form, such as a powder or granules optionally mixed with a binder, lubricant, inert diluent, and/or surface active/dispersing agent(s). Molded tablets may be made by molding, in a suitable machine, the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid binder.
Formulations suitable for buccal (sub-lingual) administration include lozenges comprising the active compound in a flavoured base, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth; and pastilles comprising the compound in an inert base such as gelatin and glycerin or sucrose and acacia.
Formulations of the present invention suitable for parenteral administration conveniently comprise sterile aqueous preparations of the active compound, which preparations are preferably isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient. These preparations may be administered by means of subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, or intradermal injection. Such preparations may conveniently be prepared by admixing the compound with water or a glycine buffer and rendering the resulting solution sterile and isotonic with the blood.
Formulations suitable for rectal administration are preferably presented as unit dose suppositories. These may be prepared by admixing the active compound with one or more conventional solid carriers, for example, cocoa butter, and then shaping the resulting mixture.
Formulations suitable for topical application to the skin preferably take the form of an ointment, cream, lotion, paste, gel, spray, aerosol, or oil. Carriers which may be used include vaseline, lanoline, polyethylene glycols, alcohols, transdermal enhancers, and combinations of two or more thereof.
Formulations suitable for transdermal administration may be presented as discrete patches adapted to remain in intimate contact with the epidermis of the recipient for a prolonged period of time. Formulations suitable for transdermal administration may also be delivered by iontophoresis (see, for example, Pharmaceutical Research 3:318 (1986)) and typically take the form of an optionally buffered aqueous solution of the active compound. Suitable formulations comprise citrate or bis tris buffer (pH 6) or ethanol/water and contain from 0.01 to 0.2M active ingredient.
C. Methods of Use
In addition to the compounds of the formulas described herein, the present invention also provides useful therapeutic methods. For example, the present invention provides a method of inducing cytotoxicity against tumor cells, or treating a cancer or tumor in a subject in need thereof.
Cancer cells which may be inhibited include cells from skin cancer, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, testicular cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, Kaposi""s sarcoma, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, central nervous system cancer, liver cancer and prostate cancer.
Subjects which may be treated using the methods of the present invention are typically human subjects although the methods of the present invention may be useful for veterinary purposes with other subjects, particularly mammalian subjects including, but not limited to, horses, cows, dogs, rabbits, fowl, sheep, and the like. As noted above, the present invention provides pharmaceutical formulations comprising the compounds of formulae described herein, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, in pharmaceutically acceptable carriers for any suitable route of administration, including but not limited to oral, rectal, topical, buccal, parenteral, intramuscular, intradermal, intravenous, and transdermal administration.
The therapeutically effective dosage of any specific compound will vary somewhat from compound to compound, patient to patient, and will depend upon the condition of the patient and the route of delivery. As a general proposition, a dosage from about 0.1 to about 50 mg/kg will have therapeutic efficacy, with still higher dosages potentially being employed for oral and/or aerosol administration. Toxicity concerns at the higher level may restrict intravenous dosages to a lower level such as up to about 10 mg/kg, all weights being calculated based upon the weight of the active base, including the cases where a salt is employed. Typically a dosage from about 0.5 mg/kg to about 5 mg/kg will be employed for intravenous or intramuscular administration. A dosage from about 10 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg may be employed for oral administration.

Etoposide analogs and methods of use thereof

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill


An apparatus for manipulating an object includes first and second gesture controllers, each operatively connected to the object and structured and programmed such that, in a first-action active state, each can causes a first action to be carried out on the object by an appropriate first-action gesture made in the gesture controller. Only one of the first and second gesture controllers at any given time is capable of being in the first-action active state, and the first-action active state is transferable between the first and second gesture controllers upon the detecting of a first-action transfer gesture by one of said first gesture controller and said second gesture controller. Specific gesture control apparatus and methods for manipulating an object are also disclosed.

In the 1970's computer motion control became consumer practical because of the advance of micro processing and decrease of price. The joystick developed by Atari described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,349,708 could be used to control the movement of computer generated object on a computer monitor. A typical use for joysticks involves two operators playing a video game displayed on a monitor, each operator using its own joystick to move objects and on the computer monitor. The joysticks are connected to a computer, including, among other components, a processor, dynamic and static memory, an operating system, and necessary software programming to interpret the movement of the joystick to control the motion of objects on the computer monitor. Such computer generated objects can be considered "virtual" objects herein. Other devices for motion control of virtual objects include track balls, computer mouses, trackpads and the computer keyboard. In all of these controllers, the user is in intimate physical contact with the controller during its use. Use of such controllers has not been limited to controlling virtual objects. They are also used to move physical objects. Joysticks are used to control objects such as wheel chairs, industrial cranes and equipment among others.
Computer keyboards, track balls and joysticks require an operator to manipulate a physical control device to move a virtual object or physical object. Gesture or touchless control allows an operator to interact with a virtual object or physical object without coming into contact with a control device. Gesture control of virtual and physical objects is the subject of much research and development. Theses gesture controlled systems are gaining in popularity and it is believed will soon be ubiquitous in many industries and even in areas of domestic life. Already gesture control is employed in "smart" televisions and gaming systems (such as Microsoft's Kinect™ system). U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,106,749 and 8,316,324 describe gesture control of objects. Companies such as Leap Motion, Inc. (USA), Pointgrab Ltd. (Israel), zSpace, Inc. (USA), and Microsoft Corporation (USA) have developed gesture control software and hardware. Leap Motion's U.S. Patent Application 2013/0182902 describes capturing motion in 3 dimensional space. The system described is merely an example of a type of gesture controller, and the present invention is independent of the method used to detect any motion control. The present disclosure does not seek to develop methodology for the recognition of gestures and the conversion of those gestures to manipulations of virtual objects or physical objects. Instead, in some embodiments, the present disclosure advances the art by acknowledging the need for and providing apparatus and methods implementing safety measures when manipulating an object through the use of multiple gesture controllers. In other embodiments, the present disclosure provides novel apparatus and methodologies for manipulation of virtual objects or physical objects through gesture controllers. The 3D space will be referred to as the sensing field.

Apparatus and method for manipulating objects with gesture controls


There is provided a collector for guiding light with a wavelength of ≦193 nm onto a plane. The collector includes a first mirror shell for receiving a first ring aperture section of the light and irradiating a first planar ring section of the plane with a first irradiance, and a second mirror shell for receiving a second ring aperture section of the light and irradiating a second planar ring section of the plane with a second irradiance. The first and second mirror shells are rotationally symmetrical and concentrically arranged around a common axis of rotation, the first and second ring aperture sections do not overlap with one another, the first planar ring section substantially abuts the second planar ring section, and the first irradiance is approximately equal to the second irradiance.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention concerns a collector for illumination systems with a wavelength of ≦193 nm, preferably ≦126 nm, and, particularly preferred, wavelengths in the extreme ultra-violet (EUV) range. A plurality of rotationally symmetrical mirror shells is arranged concentrically around a common axis of rotation. Light, regarded as being partitioned into a plurality of ring aperture sections, is received by the plurality of mirror shells, such that one of the ring aperture sections is assigned to each mirror shell. Each of the mirror shells, in turn, irradiates a planar ring section in a plane. Thus, there is an assignment or a correspondence between a ring aperture section, a mirror shell and a planar ring section. In addition, the invention also makes available an illumination system with such a collector, a projection exposure system with an illumination system according to the invention, as well as a method for the exposure of microstructures.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Nested collectors for wavelengths of ≦193 nm, particularly wavelengths in the range of x-rays have been made known from a plurality of publications.
Thus, U.S. Pat. No. 5,768,339 shows a collimator for x-rays, wherein the collimator has several nested paraboloid-shaped reflectors. The collimator according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,768,339 serves for the purpose of forming an isotropically emitted beam bundle of an x-ray light source into a parallel beam.
A nested collector for x-rays has become known from U.S. Pat. No. 1,865,441, which serves for the purpose of collimating isotropic x-rays emitted by a source into a parallel beam bundle, as in the case of U.S. Pat. No. 5,768,339.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,763,930 shows a nested collector for a pinch-plasma light source, which serves for the purpose of collecting the radiation emitted by the light source and bundling it in a light guide.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,745,547 shows several arrangements of multichannel optics, which serve for the purpose of bundling into one point the radiation, particularly x-ray radiation, due to multiple reflections coming from a source.
In order to achieve a particularly high transmission efficiency, the invention according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,745,547 proposes elliptically shaped reflectors.
An arrangement has become known from DE 30 01 059 C2 for use in x-ray lithography systems, and this arrangement has nested parabolic mirrors arranged between the x-ray source and the mask. These mirrors are arranged in such a way that the divergent x-ray radiation will be formed into a parallel-running output beam bundle.
The arrangement according to DE 30 01 059 in turn serves only for the purpose of obtaining a good collimation for x-ray lithography.
The arrangement of nested reflectors, which has become known from WO 99/27542, in an x-ray proximity lithography system serves for the purpose of refocusing the light of a light source, so that a virtual light source is formed. The nested reflectors may have an ellipsoid form.
A nested reflector for high-energy photon sources has become known from U.S. Pat. No. 6,064,072, which serves for the purpose of shaping the divergent x-ray radiation into a parallel beam bundle.
WO 00/63922 shows a nested collector, which serves for the purpose of collimating the neutron beam.
A nested collector for x-ray radiation has become known from WO 01/08162, which is characterized by a surface roughness of the inner reflecting surface, of the individual mirror shells, of less than 12 Å rms. The collectors shown in WO 01/08162 also comprise systems with multiple reflections, particularly also Wolter systems, and are characterized by a high resolution, as is required, for example, for x-ray lithography.
For illumination optics to be used in EUV lithography, such as, for example, shown in DE 199 03 807 or WO 99/57732, in addition to resolution, high requirements are also placed on regularity or uniformity and telecentry. In such systems, the light of the light source is collected by a collector for specific light sources.

Collector for an illumination system with a wavelength of less than or equal to 193 nm


Embodiments of golf club heads and methods to manufacture golf club heads are generally described herein. In one example, a golf club head may include a body portion with a toe portion, a heel portion, a rear portion, a front portion with a strike face, a sole portion, and a top portion with a plurality of weight ports. The body portion may define a periphery of the golf club head. The golf club head may also include a plurality of weight portions with each weight portion disposed in one weight port of the plurality of weight ports. Other examples and embodiments may be described and claimed.

Proper alignment of a golf club head at an address position relative to a golf ball may improve the performance of an individual. Various alignment aids have been used on the golf club heads to improve the individual's visual alignment.
For simplicity and clarity of illustration, the drawing figures illustrate the general manner of construction, and descriptions and details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present disclosure. Additionally, elements in the drawing figures may not be depicted to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help improve understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Golf club heads and methods to manufacture golf club heads


Disclosed is a variable coding method for realizing chip reuse, comprising the following steps: using at least two identical integrated circuit chips, wherein each integrated circuit chip executes different control logic truth tables according to different gating signals; introducing at least one logical control signal as a gating signal; and controlling the logical control signal, so that each integrated circuit chip respectively executes a corresponding control logic truth table. Also disclosed is a communication terminal using the variable coding method for realizing chip reuse. Two or more completely identical integrated circuit chips can be used to realize different logical control functions, thereby simplifying the type of a chip for realizing a system function, and greatly reducing the development costs of an integrated circuit system and the management complexity of a mass production supply chain.

The present invention relates to a variable coding method for realizing chip reuse, and further relates to a communication terminal for realizing chip reuse by using the variable coding method, belonging to the technical field of integrated circuits.
The pursuit of miniaturization, multi-functionality, low cost, and low power consumption for electronic products is endless, which makes process improvement and system integration become the two major trends in the semiconductor industry. At present, the wafer manufacturing industry, which focuses on process improvement, is still developing in accordance with Moore's Law. However, as the process dimension is further reduced, Moore's Law is gradually moving toward the limit.
System integration is an important technological approach for the semiconductor industry to surpass Moore's Law. At present, the system integration has three mainstream technologies: System in Package (SiP for short), System on Chip (SoC for short), and Three Dimension Integration Circuits (3D IC for short). Among them, the SiP technology refers to a plurality of chips with different functions and different processes, and some passive components and antennas integrated in a single package to form a three-dimensional multilayer complicated system with powerful system functions. Compared with the SoC technology and the 3D IC technology, the SiP technology has the advantages of high integration level, favorable process compatibility, low cost, high reliability and the like, and has broad application prospects and huge market demands.
With the increasing demand for miniaturization and diversification of functions of electronic devices, the integration level at the system level is required to be continuously improved. Therefore, the number of chips that need to be integrated to develop an integrated circuit system is also increasing. Since the cost of putting a chip into production is very high (its main cost is the cost of photolithography), this leads to an increase in the development cost of the integrated circuit system. In integrated circuit systems, there are often some similarities functions. If these similar functions can be realized by using a common chip, the number of different chips put into productions can be greatly reduced, thereby solving the problem of high development cost of the integrated circuit system.
In the manufacturing process of a communication terminal, an RF front-end module includes all components between the transceiver output and the antenna, and is an important part of the SiP. A miniaturized RF front-end module can greatly improve the integration level and reliability of the SiP. Therefore, the miniaturization of the RF front-end module has become a research hotspot in recent years. There are two trends in the miniaturization of RF front-end modules, namely a component reusable technology and an active inductance technology. The component reusable technology means that in a multimode/multiband chip, multiple transceivers share the same UWB low-noise amplifier, UWB-tuning-range oscillator or phase-locked loop, or the like. For example, Peregrine Semiconductor of the United States has developed a reconfigurable RF front-end module UltraCMOS Global. It solves the interoperability problem through high isolation between low-loss switching and tuning, and adapts to all modes and frequency bands in a digital control manner. However, the existing component reusable technology still has many defects such as limited application scope, difficulty in solving the anti-interference problem, and the like.

Variable coding method for realizing chip reuse and communication terminal therefor


A signal recording device includes a signal inputting unit for inputting a signal to be recorded on a recording medium, as well as a dropout detector which detects a dropout portion of a signal output from the signal inputting unit and generates a pulse signal corresponding to the detected dropout portion. A muter mutes the signal output from the signal inputting unit during the pulse signal period. The signal recording device records on a recording medium, a signal output from the signal muter during the pulse signal period and a signal output from the signal inputting unit during all other times. Therefore, in the signal recording device of the present invention, since a signal during a dropout period is muted before being recorded, upon playback of the recorded signal, a dropout compensator in a reproducing device identifies the muted signal period as the dropout period and accurately compensates for the dropout. Therefore, noise caused by the dropout can be prevented.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a device for recording a signal so as to facilitate effective dropout compensation, and more particularly, to a signal recording device suitable to compensate during playback for a dropout which is generated when a signal is copied in a high-speed dubber of a dual tape deck.
2. The Background Art
Dropout indicates a phenomenon in which noise is generated on a screen by a temporary decrease in the level of, or temporary omission of a playback signal resulting from a partial damage to a recording medium, such as a scratch on a magnetic tape.
A dual tape deck, high-speed dubber, having first and second decks, copies a signal reproduced from a tape of the first deck to a tape of the second deck. When the signal is reproduced in the first deck at a speed N times higher than normal, it is also recorded at a speed N times higher than normal in the second deck. Thus, a high speed dubber can be realized in which dubbing can be performed even at an N-multiple speed. In such a high speed dubber, a luminance signal and a color signal are separately recorded when a signal output from the first deck is recorded to the second deck. A luminance-component FM signal is directly recorded, while only a frequency component of the color signal passed by a low pass filter is recorded.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a dropout compensator (DOC) in a general reproducing system. The DOC is comprised of a dropout detector 10, a switching circuit 16, a switch driver 12, and a delay 14 for delaying a signal for one horizontal scanning period.
FIGS. 2A through 2E illustrate the waveforms of signals used to explain the operation of the device of FIG. 1. FIG. 2A illustrates the waveform of an input signal including a dropout. The dropout detector 10 detects a dropout period and generates a gate pulse during the same period as shown in FIG. 2B. The gate pulse shown in FIG. 2B is completely synchronized to coincide with the dropout period of the input signal (see FIG. 2A). The switch driver 12, driven by the gate pulse (see FIG. 2B),activates the switching circuit 16 during the gate pulse period. That is, the switching point of the switching circuit 16 is changed from 16b to 16a during the period the gate pulse is high.
The one horizontal scanning period delay 14 outputs a signal from a previous scan line which has been delayed for one horizontal scanning period (see FIG. 20). Thus, by switching the switching circuit 16 the dropout is compensated to match the signal present before the one horizontal scanning period (see FIG. 2D). The input signal of FIG. 2A is mixed with the compensation signal of FIG. 2D to form a signal free of dropout inducing noise, as shown in FIG. 2E.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a conventional signal recording device. The conventional recording device has an input amplifier 200 for amplifying a small signal picked up by a head, a limiter 210 for limiting the signal output from the input amplifier 200 to be within a predetermined amplitude range, and a recording amplifier 220 for amplifying the signal output from the limiter 210.
The operation of the conventional recording device will now be described. A playback signal picked up by the head is amplified in the input amplifier 200, and limited to be within a predetermined amplitude range in the limiter 210. The output signal from the limiter 210 is amplified in the recording amplifier 220. Here, noise components during the dropout period are also amplified in the recording amplifier 220 and recorded on a recording medium.
FIGS. 4A through 4C are a series of waveforms explaining the operation of the signal recording device shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 4A is the waveform of a signal output from the input amplifier 200, showing a dropout signal amplified along with a normal playback signal. FIG. 4B is a signal waveform obtained by limiting the amplitude of the amplified signal to a predetermined level in the limiter 210. From FIG. 4B, it can be seen that limiting the amplitude of the normal playback signal makes it difficult to differentiate the normal playback signal from the dropout signal.
FIG. 4C is a signal waveform recorded as described above and input to a reproducing device. This waveform shows that the dropout period cannot be identified in the input signal. That is, when the input signal is reproduced, the reproducing device treats the dropout signal in the same manner as that for the normal signal without identifying the dropout period. This results in noise appearing on a screen due to a signal recorded during the dropout period.
As described above, in case that a signal is recorded using the conventional recording device, a reproducing device performs a signal reproduction without identifying an original dropout period in the input signal during playback, thereby generating noise due to a signal reproduced during the dropout period.

Device for recording signal so as to facilitate effective dropout compensation


The composite vane is moulded by injecting resin into a preform of layers of reinforcing fibres according to the RTM method. The skins of its main vane section as well as of its root and tip via which it is connected to the flow-straightener central body and to part of the duct are laminated with a pile of at least three layers of reinforcing fibres, and complementary piles at the root and tip exhibit at least one fastening tab. The central body is made of metal or composite and the composite vanes are interchangeable, or the vanes and the central body are injection-moulded as a single piece using the RTM method.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,585,391 makes known a counter-torque device with ducted tail rotor and ducted flow-straightening stator for a helicopter, including a duct of axis substantially transverse to the helicopter, and in which are located, on the one hand, the rotor, substantially coaxial with said duct and generating a transverse flow of air and, on the other hand, the flow-straightening stator, including a plurality of profiled vanes fastened inside the said duct downstream of the rotor with respect to the flow of air and arranged in substantially radial fashion with respect to the said duct so as to be able to recover rotational energy from the flow of air at the exit from the rotor in the form of a counter-torque axial thrust adding to that produced by the rotation of the rotor within the duct, without increasing the power transmitted to the rotor for this purpose.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,585,391 also proposes for the vanes of the flow-straightener to extend between a stationary central body substantially coaxial in the duct and the annular wall of the fairing duct, and for them to provide alone the mechanical link between this stationary body and said wall, and therefore the fastening of the stationary body and of the rotor, mounted so that it can rotate on this body, within the duct, as replacement for support arms, often numbering three, generally used to provide this mechanical link between the stationary body and the wall of the duct.
It is further proposed in the abovementioned patent for the duct to exhibit, from the upstream end to the downstream end, a convergent inlet with rounded edge, a cylindrical part, in which the blades of the rotor rotate, and a divergent nozzle ending in a divergent outlet, the flow-straightener being located within the divergent nozzle, and it being possible for the vanes which constitute it to be independent of one another and to have a constant aerodynamic profile and zero twist, for example a profile of the NACA 65A10 type.
Such a flow-straightener with profiled stationary vanes simultaneously fulfils several functions and gives significant advantages:
from the aerodynamic and acoustic standpoints, the vanes straighten out the airflow leaving the rotor and thus enable some of the rotational energy of the airflow to be converted into additional counter-torque thrusts, and the replacement of the known support arms [most often cylindrical and of relatively significant diameters, bathed in the flow from the rotor and constituting one of the significant sources of noise of the device due to the noise of interaction between the rotor and support arms] with profiled vanes decreases the drag while reducing the acoustic emissions of the ducted device; PA1 from the standpoints of the transmission of loading and rigidity, the flow-straightener connecting the structure of the helicopter to the mechanical assembly mounted in the duct makes it possible to transmit all the loadings from the hub of the rotor, from the rear transmission box (for the rotational drive of the rotor) and from the collective pitch control of the blades of the rotor to the wall of the duct, these loadings being better distributed by the vanes in the fairing, so that the use of ribs for taking up load in the latter proves pointless, the flow-straightener increasing the rigidity of the assembly owing to the fact that its vanes provide more numerous points for taking up loads on the wall of the duct than a conventional tripod of support arms. PA1 a duct, of axis substantially transverse to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, and passing through the rear part of the aircraft in which part it is delimited by an annular wall, PA1 a rotor mounted substantially coaxial in the duct and driven in rotation by a mechanism fastened substantially coaxially in the duct so that the rotation of the rotor generates an airflow in the duct, and PA1 a flow-straightening stator, fastened into the duct downstream of the rotor with respect to the direction of airflow, and including an annular central body surrounding the rotational-drive mechanism, as well as vanes each one exhibiting a main vane section with aerodynamic profile straightening out the airflow down-stream of the rotor towards the axis of the duct, and extending between a vane root and a vane tip at its ends, and via which the vane is fastened respectively to the central body and to the annular duct wall, so as to support the rotational-drive mechanism and the rotor in the duct, and the vane is characterized in that it is composite and its main vane section exhibits laminated suction face and pressure face parts each comprising a pile of at least three layers of reinforcing fibres, essentially made of carbon, made rigid by a thermosetting synthetic agglomerating resin, at least one of the layers, either the internal one or the external one, of the pile comprising two sets of essentially unidirectional fibres orientated from approximately 30.degree. to approximately 70.degree. with respect to each other and substantially symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the vane along its span, and the intermediate layer comprises a set of essentially unidirectional fibres orientated substantially along the said longitudinal axis of the vane, at least one from among the vane root and vane tip exhibiting at least one laminated fastening tab comprising a pile of extensions of the layers of reinforcing fibres of the pressure face part and/or suction face part of the main vane section with at least one complementary pile of a central layer of essentially unidirectional reinforcing fibres orientated substantially parallel to those of the said intermediate layer in the corresponding vane root or vane tip, and between two plies of balanced fabric of reinforcing fibres, the warp of which is orientated substantially parallel to the unidirectional fibres of the said central layer. PA1 preparing, for example by cutting-out, the set of plies of fabric and/or webs and/or braids of reinforcing fibres, essentially dry, with the dimensions required to form the vane, PA1 laying-up the prepared elements with a defined laying-up method in order to fort the vane, around a core of synthetic lightweight material formed beforehand, so as to produce a vane preform having a core surrounded by a sheath of reinforcing fibres, PA1 arranging the preform in the injection mould, of the type having at least two complementary parts with complementary internal cavities corresponding to the shape of the vane, PA1 closing the mould in a sealed manner and creating a vacuum therein, PA1 injecting under pressure into the mould a thermosetting resin at an injection temperature for which the resin is substantially liquid and of low viscosity, preferably not greater than 100 mPa.s, and ensuring that all the layers of reinforcing fibres are impregnated, PA1 carrying out a cycle of polymerizing the resin and then, after cooling the mould and its contents, PA1 opening the mould and releasing the vane. PA1 compacting a core of lightweight cellular or foamed synthetic substance for each of the vanes of the flow-straightener, PA1 making a preform for each vane by laying-up layers of reinforcing fibres, previously prepared to the necessary dimensions, on the corresponding core, PA1 making a preform of the flow-straightener central body by laying-up and piling up the various layers of reinforcing fibres, previously prepared, which it includes, PA1 placing the preforms of the vanes and the preform of the flow-straightener body in an injection mould, PA1 laying-up, in the injection mould, layers of linking reinforcing fibres between the preforms of the vanes and of the flow-straightener body, PA1 closing the mould in a sealed fashion, creating a vacuum therein, preferably via the vane tips, and injecting a thermosetting resin at an injection temperature such that it has a low viscosity and is substantially liquid, then PA1 carrying out a polymerization cycle and finally releasing the flow-straightener from the mould.

Flow-straightener vane made of composite, flow-straightener including it, for a counter-torque device with ducted rotor and ducted flow-straightening stator, and method for manufacturing them