An applicator beam in a size press comprising a nip formed by a pair of press rolls between which a paper or board web is passed. The press rolls are provided with coating devices for spreading films of coating agent onto the faces of the rolls. The coating devices are mounted on applicator beams placed in the transverse direction of the machine. The applicator beams are linked pivotally on the frame of the size press or on the loading arms of a displaceable roll by a pivot shaft arranged transverse to the machine direction. The applicator beams are also provided with pivot cylinders by which the applicator beams can be pivoted between a closed position, i.e. the operating position, and an opened position, i.e. the service position. In accordance with the invention, in its cross section taken in a vertical plane in the longitudinal direction of the machine, the applicator beam is shaped so that at least the curved outer face of the applicator beam that is facing away from the corresponding press roll is curved. Moreover, the pivot shaft of the applicator beam is arranged so that when the applicator beam is pivoted around its pivot shaft, the distance from the curved outer face of the applicator beam to the other constructions of the machine placed close to the applicator beam, such as the tending bridge, remains substantially unchanged.

The present invention relates to an applicator beam used in a size press which comprises a nip formed by a pair of press rolls. A paper web or board is passed through the nip. A first press roll in the size press is mounted by means of bearings permanently on the frame of the size press. The second press roll is mounted on the frame of the size press by means of its bearings in a manner such that it is displaceable by means of loading arms or equivalent.
The press rolls in the size press are provided with coating devices for spreading films of a coating agent onto the faces of the rolls. The coating devices are mounted on applicator beams which are placed in the transverse direction of the machine, i.e. the size press. The applicator beams are linked pivotally on the frame of the size press or on the loading arms of the displaceable roll by means of a pivot shaft arranged transverse to the machine direction. Further, the applicator beams are provided with pivot cylinders, by whose means the applicator beams can be pivoted between a closed position, i.e. the operating position, and an open position, i.e. the service position.
The construction of a prior art size press is illustrated in FIG. A1. In FIG. A1, the size press is denoted generally with reference numeral 100. Press rolls 112, 114 in the size press 100 form a nip N with each other through which a paper or board web W is passed to be coated with a coating agent such as size. The web W is guided into the nip N over a guide roll 119. A bearing 113 of the first press roll 112 is permanently mounted, or fixed, on a frame 111 of the size press. A bearing 115 of the second press roll 114 is mounted on a loading arm 116. The loading arm 116 is arranged to pivot by means of an articulated joint 118 arranged on the frame 111 of the size press. Loading cylinders 117 are arranged between the frame 111 and the loading arm 116. The loading cylinders 117 function so that the nip N can be opened and closed and also so that the loading pressure between the rolls 112, 114, i.e. the nip pressure, can be adjusted to a desired level.
Each of the press rolls 112, 114 in the size press 100 is provided with an accompanying coating device 123, 123a, respectively. The coating devices 123, 123a apply a film of a coating agent onto the face of the respective roll 112, 114. The film is transferred onto the web W in the roll nip N. The coating devices 123, 123a are separately mounted on an applicator beam 120, 120a, respectively, arranged transverse to the machine direction. In the prior art device shown in FIG. A1, the applicator beam 120a of the first press roll 112 is mounted pivotally by means of articulated joint 121a on the frame 111 of the size press. Pivot cylinders 122a are arranged between the applicator beam 120a and the frame 111 of the size press. The pivot cylinders 122a function to open and close the applicator beam 120a in relation to the roll 112.
In a corresponding manner, the coating device 123 of the second press roll 114 is mounted on an applicator beam 120 arranged transverse to the machine direction. Applicator beam is mounted on the loading arm 116 pivotally by means of the articulated joint 121. Pivot cylinders 122 are arranged between the applicator beam 120 and the loading arm 116. By means of the pivot cylinders 122, the applicator beam 120 can be opened and closed in relation to the second press roll 114.
In the prior art size press 100 described above, a significant drawback is that the large amount of space required by the applicator beam 120 during pivoting of the beam between the operating position and the service position, i.e. the opened position. In FIG. A1, the dashed lines illustrate the service position of the applicator beam of the second press roll 114, as denoted with reference numeral 120'. For servicing the applicator beam 120, a tending bridge 130 is provided on the machine. A service operator 132 standing on the bridge 132 can carry out the necessary operations on the applicator beam 120. As shown in FIG. A1, when the applicator beam 120 is in the operating position, there is a considerably large distance between the tending bridge 130 and the applicator beam 120. For this reason, the tending bridge 130 is provided with a handrail 131 so that the service operator 132 could not even accidentally fall into the space between the tending bridge 130 and the applicator beam 120.
It is necessary to allow the space between the applicator beam 120 and the tending bridge 130 to remain quite large, because when the applicator beam 120 is pivoted to the service position 120' around the articulated joint 121, the applicator beam 120 is shifted much closer to the tending bridge 130. During the pivoting operation, the applicator beam 120 and the tending bridge 130 form a "closing nip". Therefore, on account of the desired level of working safety with regard to the applicator beam 120 during the pivoting operation and also in the service position, and with regard to the tending bridge 130, a safety clearance b must be allowed, which is at the minimum in the range of about 120 mm. By providing the safety clearance b, it is possible to avoid the risk of squeezing (of the operator) when the applicator beam 120 is being opened. Therefore, it is necessary to dimension the distance between the applicator beam 120 and the tending bridge 130 excessively large in view of the user, i.e. the service operator 132. As a result, access to the actuating members of the applicator beam 120 from the tending bridge 130 is not easy and in fact is quite cumbersome.


A laundry additive dispenser for use with laundry appliances has a tiltable bin pivotally mounted for user access on a panel of the laundry appliance. The bin is divided into three sections which are exposed when the bin is tilted forward to a receiving position and may be filled with liquid or granular laundry additives. The bin is then tilted back to a dispensing position. The sections of the bin for dispensing liquid laundry additives each have a siphon therein. Solenoid operated valves selectively communicate each section with a water distribution path. When an appropriate valve is opened water flows in the proper section of the bin and when the water-additive solution reaches an appropriate level, siphoning action begins and the entire contents of the section is dispensed to a clothes treatment zone in the appliance. Each section is provided with an overflow tube to insure that the liquid level in the section does not reach a level so as to prevent the siphoning action.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to laundry additive dispensers, and in particular to such dispensers employing siphoning action in combination with solenoid operated valves to selectively dispense a number of additives to a laundry appliance.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Effective clothes treatment in domestic laundry appliances frequently requires the addition of additives other than a cleaning agent to the clothes treatment solution. Additives such as fabric softener, water softener' bleach and the like may be necessary depending upon local water conditions and the nature of the clothes to be treated. Laundry appliances known in the art generally complete a cycle of operation including a wash or agitation portion, a spin portion to centrifugally extract the wash liquid, a rinse portion, and a final liquid extraction spin portion. A problem in the art has been providing a laundry additive dispenser which automatically dispenses appropriate laundry additives at selected times during a cycle of operation coordinated with the particular portion of the cycle in which the additive can be most effectively utilized. Thus it is normally desirable to dispense the detergent and bleach into a wash portion of the cycle, while on the other hand it is preferable to delay dispensing of a fabric softener until a later portion of the cycle.
Devices for dispensing a single laundry additive at a selected time during a cycle of operation are known in the art, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,057,181, 2,974,516 and 2,887,862. The first and last of these patents utilize a siphon contained in the dispenser to dispense a water-additive solution into a clothes treatment area when a solution level in the dispenser reaches a height so as to begin the siphoning action. U.S. Pat. No. 2,974,516 utilizes a control circuit for energizing solenoids to open and close valves at selected times during a cycle of operation to allow flow of additive into the clothes treatment area at those times.

Pivotal siphon bleach dispenser for automatic washer


Described herein are methods for chemical modification of nitrocellulose to generate lyophobic properties which are useful in propellant compositions. Such methods include the steps of: a) dissolving neat nitrocellulose in an organic solvent; b) adding a silyl based isocyanate and a catalyst to the solution; (d) stirring the solution in a moisture free environment; e) hydrolyzing the solution by exposing said solution to moisture; and (e) adding fluorinated oxysilane. The modified nitrocellulose retains its energetic properties while exhibiting high water and organic solvent phobicity, effectively functioning as a barrier to migration or diffusion of liquid components in propellant compositions.

Nitrocellulose based propellants are used in the initiation of ammunition systems such as rockets and projectiles. In firearms, propellants fill the interior of an ammunition cartridge chamber of a gun or cannon, leading to the expulsion of a bullet or shell.
Solid propellants are categorized according to the number of active components in the propellant. For instance, single-based propellants primarily contain low-order explosive powder such as nitrocellulose. Double-base propellant, consists of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine, plus additives in small quantity. The molecules are unstable, and when ignited, they break apart and rearrange themselves, liberating large quantities of heat. These propellants lend themselves well to smaller rocket motors. They are often processed and formed by extrusion methods, although casting has also been employed.
Numerous additives are used in solid propellants to improve their burn rate, stability, sensitivity, and mechanical properties. Additives such as plasticizers may be used to process fluid materials in the propellant mix and improve the mechanical properties of the propellant compositions. Nitroglycerin, a liquid explosive, may also function as a plasticizer. While nitroglycerin has the dual properties of being an energetic and a plasticizer, it has the tendency to migrate throughout a propellant grain leading to performance and safety problems. For instance, long term storage of nitroglycerin-based propellants has caused explosions and fires due to migration of the energetic material through the propellant matrix.
Diffusion and migration of propellant constituents can also arise with co-extruded propellants. A co-extrusion propellant is a dual system with an inner and outer core having its own constituents independent of one another to control the propellant's burn rate. The inner core is known for its high energy density and burns much hotter than the outer core. The outer core may be formulated with nitrocellulose which acts to minimize the extremely hot burn of the inner core. The purpose is to have the plasticizers that burn hot contained in the inner core of the propellant, leaving the outer core as a single-based nitrocellulose. Problems arise when plasticizers such as nitroglycerin diffuse into the outer portion of the propellant grain thus, defeating the intended purpose of the co-extruded grain.
One solution is to coat the propellants, however, these coatings do not effectively contain the plasticizers. This is due to the presence of cracks and voids that are naturally produced during a coating process. Furthermore, propellant coatings affect the performance of the propellant and poses incompatibility issues over time. For instance, some coatings are useful only in low temperature and humidity environments. When environmental conditions fluctuate, the components may continue to migrate.
Accordingly, a need exists to prevent migration or diffusion of components such as nitroglycerin in propellant compositions without compromising the desired energetic properties of the propellant.

Methods for modifying nitrocellulose having lyophobic properties

The United States of America as Represented by the Secretary of the Army


Disclosed is a timing check circuit comprising a signal change detector, connected to a first input terminal, a decision window generator for receiving the output of the signal change detector, a decision condition detector, connected to a second input terminal, and an AND gate for obtaining a logical product of the output of the decision window generator and the output of the decision condition detector. The output of this AND gate is connected to a clock input terminal of a flip-flop of a logic cell in a specific system. When there is an output from the AND gate, it is determined that an error has occurred. With this structure, a timing check system designed on the premise that logic cells in a specific system are used can execute timing check for a functional macro constituted of a combination of logic cells in the specific system.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a timing check circuit which is used with logic analyzing software premised on the usage of logic cells in a specific system, and, more particularly, to a timing check model for checking the input timing specification, interval specification and setup time specification of a functional macro which is constituted of logic cells in a specific system.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, the timing check of a functional macro constituted of logic cells in a specific system requires logical connection information of that functional macro and a timing check model. The logical connection information is information on circuit connection which is described in a format specified by logic analyzing software, and can generally be edited arbitrarily by a circuit designer. The timing check model describes an operational timing using a specific language that is specified by the logic analyzing software. In general, the timing check model is provided as a library for a flip-flop system constituting a logic cell in a specific system. Therefore, the circuit designer should newly edit the timing check model of the functional macro. But, it is necessary to describe the timings for all the logical combinations of input signals that define the operational timing, so that it is practically almost impossible to prepare the timing check model.
Conventionally, the timing check model of a functional macro was not normally prepared, and visual timing check was executed by monitoring the input timing of the functional macro at the time of executing the logic check and comparing the timing at the change in the input of a measuring terminal with the specified value of the timing of the functional macro.
To avoid the visual timing check, conventionally, there has been proposed the checking scheme that uses a timing model which has a circuit structure as shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 1, buffer circuits (delay circuits) 33 and 34 are respectively inserted in a data input terminal 31 and a clock input terminal 32 of a flip-flop (FF) 35 constituting a logic cell in a specific system to constitute an FF 7, and timing check is executed for the FF7. The setup time or hold time for the FF 7, which is equivalent to a logic cell, can be inspected by giving delay values to the delay circuits constituted of the buffer circuits 33 and 34.
Assuming that the setup time for the FF 35 of a logic cell in the specific system is 2 ns, the setup time for the input terminal 31 with respect to the clock input terminal 32 of the FF 7 of the logic cell becomes 5 ns by setting the delay value of the delay circuit 34 to 3 ns, so that a timing check can be executed with the setup time of 5 ns for the FF 7 of the logic cell.
As described above, however, the preparation of a timing check model for a functional macro is practically impossible because it takes a vast amount of time to describe the model and also the check of the propriety of the model itself is necessary. Since the check involving the monitoring of the input timings of a functional macro is a visual-based scheme, a great amount of time for the check is required and the chance of overlooking the comparison result increases.
In the timing check scheme shown in FIG. 1, since the specified value of 5 ns of the setup time of the FF 7 of the logic cell is an offset added to the specified value for the FF 35 of the logic cell, the timing check cannot be carried out accurately. More specifically, while the timing that is to be inspected as a setup time should range from 5 ns before the rising of the clock terminal 32 to that rising for the FF 7 of the logic cell, the check cannot be conducted outside the range of 5 ns before the rising of the clock terminal 32 to 3 ns before that rising for the circuit structure shown in FIG. 1. Further, the check of the delay circuit 34 causes the delay time of the FF 7 of the logic cell to vary, disabling the accurate timing check.

Timing check circuit for a functional macro


A field device for controlling actuators and for processing and relaying sensor signals, having a control unit for providing control signals, having a transmission device for transmitting the control signals within the field device, wherein the transmission device comprises at least one interface designed for electrical coupling of a function module, having at least one function module designed as an engine control module, which is equipped for controlling at least one electrical drive depending on control signals from the control unit, wherein the control unit and the function module are electrically connected to each other by means of the transmission device, wherein the transmission device is designed for providing electrical drive energy to the engine control module and wherein the engine control module is designed for providing electrical drive energy to the drive in order to enable operation of the electrical drive with the electrical drive energy.

The invention relates to a field device for controlling actuators and for processing and relaying sensor signals, having a control unit for providing control signals, having a transmission device for transmitting the control signals within the field device, wherein the transmission device comprises at least one interface, which is designed for electrical coupling of a function module, having at least one function module designed as an engine control module, which is equipped for controlling at least one electrical drive depending on control signals from the control unit, wherein the control unit and the at least one function module are electrically connected to each other by means of the transmission device.
From the product catalogue "simatic ET 200" from the company Siemens dated April 2005, a field device is known for use in an automation system. This field device is provided for connection to a field bus and has a modular structure such that differently configured interface modules, which are designed for connection with different field bus systems, can be connected to so-called periphery modules. The task of the periphery module is, for example to record and process sensor signals or to control electrical drives. The periphery modules provided for controlling electrical drives are also designated as engine starters and are designed, on the one hand, for a signal-transmitting connection with the interface module and, on the other hand, for a power-transmitting connection with a so-called terminal module, wherein the terminal module is provided for feeding in the electrical energy for the electrical drives to be controlled via a so-called energy bus. Accordingly, two bus systems independent of each other are provided in the known field device, on the one hand, the energy bus for supplying the engine starter and, on the other hand, a signal bus for transmitting electrical signals within the field device.


A diffraction grating lens according to the present invention is a diffraction grating lens 11 including: a lens body 12; and a plurality of diffraction steps relative to a base shape and a plurality of diffraction gratings 13 interposed between the diffraction steps, provided on a surface of the lens body 12. The lens body 12 is made of a first material having a refractive index n1(λ) at a used wavelength λ; the diffraction grating 13 is in contact with air; and the relationship of an inequality below is satisfied, where d is a design step length of the diffraction steps, and m is an order of diffraction. Each of the plurality of annular zones includes an intermediate portion and a pair of end portions sandwiching the intermediate portion along a radial direction, and in at least one of the plurality of annular zones, either one of a recess 18 and a protrusion 19 is provided in at least a portion of one of the pair of end portions, and the other one of the recess 18 and the protrusion 19 is provided in at least a portion of the other of the pair of end portions. Between two kinds of diffraction steps 17A and 17B of the diffraction grating 13, one is provided at a position where the phase difference from the base shape given the design wavelength λ0 is not 2 nmπ.

A diffraction grating lens which has a diffraction grating provided on the surface of a lens is good for correcting for lens aberrations such as curvature of field or chromatic aberration (a shift in an imaging point depending on wavelength). This is because a diffraction grating has the idiosyncratic properties of inverse dispersion and anomalous dispersion, and has a great ability of correcting for chromatic aberration. When a diffraction grating is used for imaging optics, the same performance can be attained with fewer lenses than is possible with an imaging optics that is composed only of aspherical lenses. This provides an advantage in that the production cost can be reduced and that the optical length can be shortened, thus realizing a low profile.
With reference to FIGS. 18(a) to (c), a conventional method for designing the shape of a diffraction grating lens will be described. A diffraction grating lens is mainly designed by a phase function method or a high-refractive-index method. Herein, a designing method based on the phase function method will be described. The end result will also be the same when the high-refractive-index method is used for designing.
The shape of a diffraction grating lens is formed by combining the base shape of a lens body on which the diffraction grating is provided, i.e., a shape defining a refractive lens, and the shape of the diffraction grating. FIG. 18(a) shows an example where the lens body has a base shape Sb which is an aspherical surface, whereas FIG. 18(b) shows an example shape Sp1 of the diffraction grating. The diffraction grating shape Sp1 shown in FIG. 18(b) is determined by a phase function. The phase function is expressed by eq. (1) below.
                                          ϕ                                                                                (              r              )                                =                                                    2                                π                                            λ                0                                                                ψ                                            (                r                )                                                                                ψ                                      (              r              )                                =                                                    a                1                                          r                        +                                          a                2                                                          r                2                                      +                                          a                3                                                          r                3                                      +                                          a                4                                                          r                4                                      +                                          a                5                                                          r                5                                      +                                          a                6                                                          r                6                                      +            …            +                                          a                i                                                                            r                  i                                                                                (                                                      r                    2                                    =                                                            x                      2                                        +                                          y                      2                                                                      )                                                                        (        1        )            Herein, φ(r) is a phase function which is represented by a shape Sp in FIG. 18(b); and Ψ(r) is an optical path difference function (z=Ψ(r)). r is a distance from the optical axis along a radial direction; λ0 is a design wavelength; and a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, . . . , ai are coefficients.
In the case of a diffraction grating which utilizes first-order diffracted light, an annular zone is provided at every point where the phase from a reference point (center) reaches 2π in the phase function φ(r), as shown in FIG. 18(b). The shape Sbp of the diffraction grating plane shown in FIG. 18(c) is determined by adding the diffraction grating shape Sp1, which is based on the curve of the phase function being split every 2π, to the base shape Sb of FIG. 18(a).
In the case where the shape Sbp of the diffraction grating plane as shown in FIG. 18(c) is provided on an actual lens body, diffraction effects are obtained if the step height 141 of each annular zone satisfies eq. (2) below.
                    d        =                              m            ·            λ                                                              n                1                                                          (                λ                )                                      -            1                                              (        2        )            Herein, m is a design order (m=1 in the case of first-order diffracted light); λ is a wavelength used; d is a step height of the diffraction grating; and n1(λ) is the refractive index of a lens material which composes the lens body at the used wavelength λ. The refractive index of the lens material has wavelength dependence, and is a function of wavelength.
In any diffraction grating that satisfies eq. (2), there is a phase difference of 2π on the phase function between the foot and the edge of each annular zone, and, relative to light of the used wavelength λ, the optical path difference is an integer multiple of the wavelength. Therefore, the diffraction efficiency of first-order diffracted light relative to light of the used wavelength (hereinafter referred to as "first-order diffraction efficiency") can be made approximately 100%. When the used wavelength λ changes, the value of d that makes the diffraction efficiency 100% will also change according to eq. (2). Conversely, if the d value is fixed, the diffraction efficiency will not be 100% at any wavelength other than the used wavelength λ that satisfies eq. (2).
In the case where a diffraction grating lens is used for generic imaging applications, there is a need to diffract light in a broad wavelength band (e.g., a visible light region spanning wavelengths of about 400 nm to 700 nm). Consequently, as shown in FIG. 19, when a visible light beam enters a diffraction grating lens having a diffraction grating 152 provided on a lens body 151, not only first-order diffracted light 155 which is ascribable to light of the wavelength that is selected as the used wavelength λ, but also diffracted light 156 of orders that are unwanted (hereinafter also referred to as "diffracted light of unwanted orders") occurs. For example, if the wavelength which determines the step height d is a wavelength of green light (e.g., 540 nm), then the first-order diffraction efficiency at the green light wavelength will be 100%, so that no diffracted light 156 of unwanted orders will occur at the green light wavelength; however, the first-order diffraction efficiency will not be 100% at a red light wavelength (e.g., 640 nm) or a blue light wavelength (e.g., 440 nm), so that 0th order diffracted light of red or second-order diffracted light of blue will occur. These 0th order diffracted light of red and second-order diffracted light of blue are the diffracted light 156 of unwanted orders, which will spread across the image plane in the form of a flare or ghost, thus deteriorating the image or degrading the MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) characteristics. In FIG. 19, only second-order diffracted light is illustrated as the diffracted light 156 of unwanted orders.
As shown in FIG. 20, Patent Document 1 discloses providing an optical adjustment layer 161 which is composed of an optical material having a different refractive index and a different refractive index dispersion from those of the lens body 151, on the surface of a lens body 151 having a diffraction grating 152 formed thereon. Patent Document 1 discloses that, by prescribing specific conditions for the refractive index of the lens body 151 having the diffraction grating 152 formed thereon and the refractive index of the optical adjustment layer 161 formed so as to cover the diffraction grating 152, it is possible to reduce the wavelength dependence of diffraction efficiency, and suppress flare due to diffracted light of unwanted orders.
Patent Document 2 discloses, in order to prevent reflected light from the wall surfaces of the annular zones from being transmitted through the annular zone surfaces, providing light absorbing portions near the step feet of the annular zone surfaces. According to Patent Document 2, this structure can ensure that flare light reflected from the wall surface is not transmitted through the optical surface.
Patent Document 3 discloses a method of providing protrusions near the apices of annular zones of a diffraction grating so that the wavefront of spherical-wave light which is emitted from the annular zone surfaces is shaped into plane waves, thus improving the diffraction efficiency.

Diffraction grating lens and imaging device in which the same is used

Abstract: 0.9        d    ≤            m      ·      λ                                n          1                                  (          λ          )                    -      1        ≤      1.1        d

Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd.


An image forming apparatus includes a paper feed section and a processing section. The paper feed section stores paper. The processing section executes a decoloring processing for decolorizing an undecolored paper stored in the paper feed section, and issues a warning indicating that the paper stored in the paper feed section is taken out when the decoloring processing is stopped, or does not issue the warning when the decoloring processing is completed.

There is an image forming apparatus having a function of forming an image on a paper by a decoloring toner or a normal toner and a function of decolorizing an image by the decoloring toner formed on the paper. Such an image forming apparatus realizes a function of forming an image on a paper fed from a cassette and a function of heating the paper fed from the cassette to decolorize the paper by switching operation modes.
If a decoloring processing is stopped during execution, there is a case where an undecolored paper remains in the cassette. If an image forming processing is executed while the undecolored paper remains in the cassette, there is a problem that the image forming apparatus can print an image on the undecolored paper.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Image forming apparatus and method for preventing printing on undecolored paper


A microprocessor has a control unit with a housing surrounding the control unit. The invention also relates to a chip card having such a microprocessor that is protected against manipulations. At least one sensor indicates ambient states and is connected to the control unit and is provided in a region of the housing of the microprocessor. The control unit is configured in such a way that it can be placed in an inactive state if a measurement signal that indicates a predetermined ambient state is and/or is not fed to the control unit from the sensor.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a microprocessor, in particular for use in a chip card, with a control unit and with a housing surrounding the control unit. Furthermore, the invention relates to a chip card with such a microprocessor.
To an increasing degree, payment processes for relatively small amounts of money are processed with the aid of a chip card system. In this respect, a chip card has the function of a "money storage facility". There being provided on a chip card a microprocessor which has a control unit, a data memory for storing the amount of money stored on the chip card, interfaces, in particular for inputting and outputting data which are relevant to payments, a control device for controlling the processing procedure of the data which are processed in conjunction with the chip card, and an instruction memory which stores the operating program for the control device. Such chip card systems are used in the field of credit cards, in pay TV application systems and also in systems for monitoring access to devices concerned with security and to buildings.
Shortly after the introduction of the first chip card systems, attempts were made to manipulate chip cards in order to obtain illegitimate advantages with such manipulated chip cards. For example, attempts have been made to simulate chip cards and to provide their data memories with a manipulated credit balance.
This has been counteracted by encrypting the data present in the data memory of the chip card in such a way that it is no longer possible to simulate the data. For this purpose, algorithms such as DES (Data Encryption Standard), PES (Proposed Encryption Standard), DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm), DEA (Data Encryption Algorithm), and RSA (Reversed Shamir-Adelman Cryptoalgorithm) are used.
However, a significant weakness of known chip card systems continues to be that the microprocessor, which is surrounded by a housing, can easily be exposed. To do this, the housing of the microprocessor is subjected to an aggressive substance, such as an acid for example, over a specific period of time, so that the housing is etched away and the microprocessor is exposed. The structural configuration of the exposed microprocessor can then be analyzed. In order to do this, different input signals can be applied to the terminals of the microprocessor, so that information on the program, present in the instruction memory, for controlling the processing procedure can be acquired. This information can be used to decrypt, for example, the data in the data memory.
Published, European Patent Application EP 0 565 480 A2 discloses how to use indicator elements in chip cards which react in an unambiguous and discernible fashion to physical influences or other influences aimed at destroying the function of chip the cards.
Published, Non-Prosecuted German Patent Application DE 41 15 398 A1 discloses a method for manufacturing a biosensor with a planarized surface which reduces the risk of diaphragms tearing. It includes the steps of producing a gate insulator, producing and structuring a polysilicon layer, implementing a source and a drain, exposing an active gate region, arranging an ISFET within a housing in such a way that the active gate region of the ISFET comes to be situated within a window of the housing, and applying the biological or biochemical diaphragm to the active gate region.
The paper "An ISFET-FIA System for High Precision pH Recording" in Sensors and Actuators B, 15-16 (1993) 68-74 (P. Woias et al.) discloses an ISFET sensor for measuring a pH value in a fluid which has a high degree of stability and high measuring accuracy even at low flow velocities.
Published, European Patent Application EP 0 481 881 A1, corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 5,465,349, discloses an integrated circuit which has a program memory, a data memory, an I/O port and a register. The register stores the signals of the sensors for unusual operating conditions. When unusual operating conditions occur, the microprocessor stops operating.

Microprocessor, in particular for use in a chip card, with a control unit and with a housing surrounding the control unit


The present invention relates generally to the field of pharmaceutical formulations of antibodies. Specifically, the present invention relates to a stable liquid antibody formulation and its pharmaceutical preparation and use. This invention is exemplified by a liquid formulation of a humanized anti-NGF antibody.

Antibody preparations intended for therapeutic or prophylactic use require stabilizers to prevent loss of activity or structural integrity of the protein due to the effects of denaturation, oxidation or aggregation over a period of time during storage and transportation prior to use. These problems are exacerbated at the high concentrations of antibody often desired for therapeutic administration.
A major aim in the development of antibody formulations is to maintain antibody, solubility, stability and potency of its antigen binding. It is particularly desirable to avoid aggregates and particulates in solution which would require sterile filtration before use for intravenous or subcutaneous injection and limit route of administration. Antibody aggregates can cause pain and anaphylactoid side effects when the formulation containing them is intravenously injected.
Lyophilisation and freeze drying are alternatives to the liquid formulation of antibodies. Both processes have a propensity for inducing denaturation of the antibody and decreasing of its antigen-binding activity particularly upon reconstitution.
Salts, surfactants, pH and tonicity agents such as sugars can contribute to overcoming aggregation problems. Formulation of antibody preparations requires careful selection of these factors among others to avoid denaturation of the protein and loss of antigen-binding activity. Regarding a pH range of an antibody preparation, if an antibody formulation having a low pH value is intravenously injected pain or injection often occurs. Where an antibody formulation is used as an injection, it is desirable to have a pH value in an approximately neutral pH range, it is also advantageous to minimise surfactant levels to avoid bubbles in the formulation which are detrimental for injection into subjects.
A liquid formulation of monoclonal anti-CTLA4 antibody is known from WO2006/096491 (Pharmacia and Upjohn Company), and comprises 20 mg/ml antibody, 20 mM histidine buffer, 84 mg/ml trehelose, 0.2 mg/ml PS80 surfactant, 0.05 mg/ml EDTA pH 5.5.
There is a need for a stable liquid antibody formulation which stably supports high concentrations of bioactive antibody in solution and is suitable for parenteral administration, including intravenous intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intradermal or subcutaneous injection. It is further desirable that the formulation has minimised risk of bubble formation and anaphylactoid side effects.
Furthermore there is a need to provide such a stable liquid formulation for an anti-NGF antibody. NGF is known to play a central role in the development and maintenance of both peripheral and central neurons. In addition to its effects in the nervous system, increased NGF levels has been linked to a variety of inflammatory conditions including systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, arthritis, interstitital cystitis and asthma. NGF also has a demonstrated activity in a variety of pain conditions. It has been shown that the anti-NGF antibody E3 is useful in the treatment of acute and chronic pain conditions including, cancer pain, rheumatoid arthritis pain, osteoarthritis pain and post-surgical pain also (see for example WO2004/058184). There is a need for a stable liquid antibody preparation of an anti-NGF antibody to meet the medical need of patients suffering from inflammatory and pain conditions mediated by NGF.


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing communication articles such as postcards, envelopes or the like in each of which display surfaces for information or the like are separably bonded with a synthetic resin therebetween by heating for concealing information such as correspondence or a printed display medium and then mailing it. It is an object of the invention to enable easy and smooth separating of a film-containing sheet and accurate insertion of a film in a sheet.. In order to achieve the object, a continuous sheet having a plurality of communication article-forming sheets which are connected in series is folded in at least two, a continuous film is inserted between the sheet portions into which the continuous sheet is folded to form a film-containing continuous sheet which is then heated and pressed to that the sheet portions of the continuous sheet are bonded with the film therebetween, and the film-containing continuous sheet is then separated into the respective communication article-forming sheets by hitting the positions between the respective communication article-forming sheets of the continuous sheet while pulling the film-containing continuous sheet to produce communication articles.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing communication articles such as postcards, envelopes or the like. Particularly, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing communication articles such as postcards, envelopes or the like in which display surfaces for information or the like are separably bonded by heating them through a synthetic resin film or the like in order to conceal information such as correspondence or a print display medium, and then mail it.
2. Description of the Related Art
An example of prior art related to a method and apparatus for producing such communication articles is the invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-106556.
In the invention disclosed in this publication, information is printed on a predetermined portion of both upper and lower sheets, and an intermediate sheet having portions at both sides thereof which permit both sheets to be separably bonded is then interposed between both sheets during the process of putting the sheets one on top the other so that both sheets are separably bonded with the adhesive intermediate sheet therebetween to form one product.
A continuous sheet is used for both the upper and lower sheets and is cut to each sheet's predetermined size after the upper and lower sheets are bonded with the intermediate sheet therebetween to produce a communication article such as postcards or the like.
However, in the above invention, since the work of cutting the continuous sheets with the film therebetween to each sheet's predetermined size is carried out by employing the tensile force produced by a difference between the transfer velocities of two rolls, the upper and lower sheets can each be cut, but the intermediate sheet made of a synthetic resin film cannot be smoothly cut even if perforations are provided therein. Since the intermediate sheet made of a synthetic film cannot be smoothly cut, therefore, there is the possibility of an error in the operation occurring. Even if no error occurs, there is the problem that an unnecessary portion of the film will be protrude from the upper and lower sheets due to the distortion produced at the edge of the cut intermediate sheet.
Further, in the above-mentioned apparatus, one continuous sheet is cut by a cutter into sheet portions which are used as the upper and lower sheets, and the intermediate sheet is then interposed between the upper and lower sheets. Thus the position of the intermediate sheet interposed between the two sheets is easily deviated. This results in the danger of producing defective products.

Apparatus for producing communication articles including postcards and envelopes


A method for storing temporary data in a memory of a RFID tag associated with a consumable of a laboratory instrument for processing a reagent or biological sample is disclosed. The method comprises providing the RFID tag associated with the consumable. The RFID tag comprises a memory. The memory comprises a user memory configured to store user data and a system memory configured to store system data. The laboratory instrument writes the temporary data into the system memory. The temporary data are associated with a process to be carried out by the laboratory instrument. Further, a system comprising a laboratory instrument for processing a reagent or biological sample, a consumable and a RFID tag associated with the consumable is disclosed. The laboratory instrument is configured to carry out the method.

The present disclosure generally relates to a method for storing temporary data in a memory of an RFID tag associated with a consumable of a laboratory instrument and system comprising a laboratory instrument, consumable and an RFID tag.
Laboratory instruments in the field of the disclosed method/system process reagents or biological sample. With such laboratory instruments, RFID tags are provided on reagent containers for automatic analyzers. The RFID tag comprises a memory divided into two parts. The first part is the so called user memory and the second part is the so called system memory or configuration area. Within the user memory, the user data are stored. Direct read or write access to this part of the memory is possible depending on the related write protection conditions. Within the system memory, all required information is stored, such as the unique identifier (UID), write protection, access control information, passwords, application family identifier (AFI) and electronic article surveillance (EAS). This memory area cannot be directly accessed.
It is known to store temporary dynamic process/workflow data in a database. If needed, the UID is read from the RFID tag and compared to stored data in the database or used as pointer/identifier/reference number to look up. The user memory part on the RFID tag is used for more permanent data like reagent information, expiration date, analyzer used and the like.
It is also known to use RFID tags on in vitro diagnostics containers. The UID or any functional equivalent identifier is assigned and programmed by the RFID integrated circuit manufacturer. Thus, the UID or any functional equivalent identifier cannot be altered and guarantees the uniqueness of each label. Regarding the UID or any functional equivalent identifier, password protected EAS and AFI functionality, the EAS/AFI password enables the addressed label to be set in a mode where the EAS status and the AFI value can only be changed if the correct EAS/AFI password is transmitted to the label within the mentioned commands. It is to be noted that password protection is optional. Some RFID integrated circuits have AFI and data storage format identifier (DSFID) without password protection. Temporarily dynamic process/workflow data is usually stored in the user memory part on the RFID tag. For example, the information on which analyzer a reagent is used is written to the user memory part.
However, the communication and checking/looking-up with the database slows down the workflow. Depending on the amount and velocity of involved mechanics of, for example, reagent storage or sample transport, the communication with a database could thwart the process, especially extending to large pre- or post-analytic storage or transport units. In addition to mechanical factors also electrical factors could thwart the process such as access time to data base and real time network availability.
If the user memory part of the RFID tag is used, the whole data concept of information on a tag will be affected and memory capacity for more permanent information like reagent fluid content or expiration date will be reduced. In addition, during production of reagents and reagent container with the tag, the exact storage area needs to be defined and has to be kept free for dynamic/temporary data. This will lead to a huge effort in agreement between different departments or companies that are stakeholders of the RFID data concept. Another drawback of using the user memory part for storing of temporary data is that this memory part is grouped in bigger sections, i.e. the so called blocks and/or sections. The memory area that needs to be read or written will be one or multiple block(s) depending on the data size and allocation. Another important drawback is caused due to the fact that the UID is stored in the system memory of the tag and any temporary data will be stored in the user memory part. Thus, it would need at least two reading commands to link the UID to these temporary data, which again slows down the workflow. In some cases, even more commands are necessary to access the special section/block on the tag to read the corresponding temporary data.

Method for storing temporary data in a memory of an RFID tag associated with a consumable of a laboratory instrument and system comprising a laboratory instrument, consumable and RFID tag


A guidewire having a proximal section, a distal section, and a transition section is disclosed. In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the proximal section may be formed of a relatively stiff, inelastic material, whereas the distal section may be formed of a relatively flexible, elastic material having super-elastic properties. A coupling member may be placed adjacent to the transition section to secure the proximal and distal sections together.

Guidewires are frequently used to advance intravascular devices such as stent delivery catheters, angioplasty catheters, and atherectomy catheters within a patient's vasculature. Such devices generally include a stiff proximal section to facilitate pushability and torqueability, and a flexible distal section for improved trackability. In some cases, the distal section of the guidewire may have a reduced profile capable of placement beyond a lesion or other stenosis within the body.
One important aspect of guidewire designs is the ability of the distal section to undergo significant bending within the body without permanently deforming the guidewire. Kinking results when the stress within the guidewire exceeds the elastic limit of the material, causing the material to plastically deform. As a result, a residual strain is imparted to the guidewire preventing it from fully recovering to its original shape. In certain circumstances, the inability of the guidewire to return to its original shape may diminish the performance and durability characteristics of the guidewire.

Distal protection guidewire with nitinol core


Described are compositions, methods and kits for detection and/or differential detection of serovars of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar such as S. Heidelberg and S. Hadar in samples. Some embodiments relate to multiplex amplification based molecular assays.

Identification of bacterial contamination in food often occurs subsequent to an outbreak of a foodborne illness. Bacteria of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars are frequently identified as a food contaminant of many foodborne illnesses.
Ingestion of S. Heidelberg and S. Hadar can result in Salmonellosis. Salmonellosis is characterized by diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps that typically arise 12 to 72 hours after infection. Salmonellosis usually lasts 4 to 7 days, and most people recover without treatment. In some cases Salmonella infection can enter the bloodstream leading to sepsis and can ultimately cause death if not treated. Children under the age of 5 years are most likely to get Salmonellosis. Children, the elderly, and immunocompromised are most likely to have severe infections.
S. Hadar infections have been linked to catfish, sliced deli meats, turkey burgers, and handling of live poultry (e.g., chicks, ducklings, turkeys)
S. Heidelberg infections have been linked to eggs, chicken, pork, salmon, and cheddar cheese. Recently, S. Heidelberg has been linked to outbreaks in ground turkey, and Kosher broiled chicken livers. A routine inspection by the FDA recently (May, 2012) detected S. Heidelberg at a large Iowa poultry house used for egg production. S. Heidelberg in egg layers are a concern since S. Heidelberg can infect eggs via the transovarian route in a manner similar to Salmonella Enteritidis, and S. Heidelberg has caused several egg associated outbreaks resulting in human illness and death. Eating eggs outside the home was identified as a primary risk factor for illness due to S. Heidelberg infection.
S. Heidelberg is one of the five serotypes most frequently isolated in human cases of salmonellosis in the U.S. The rise in prevalence of this serovar has been accompanied by increasing antimicrobial resistance. S. Heidelberg appears to be a highly clonal serovar, with 34 of 36 global isolates in the Salmonella enterica MLST database having an identical sequence type (ST15), and the other two (one from the US, and one from Australia) differing from this canonical serotype at only a single locus. A S. Heidelberg organism, if consumed in contaminated food, causes salmonellosis which is often characterized by fever, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and severe dehydration.
A PCR and gel-based molecular serotyping method for the detection and identification of S. Hadar, S. Heidelberg, S. Enteritidis, and S. Typhimurium was designed based on detecting the combination of O-antigen, phase 1 flagellar antigen (H1) and phase 2 flagellar antigen genes (H2). The O: H1: H2 assignment for S. Hadar and S. Heidelberg is C2: z10: e,n,x and B: r: 1,2, respectively. However, because other Salmonella enterica serotypes also carry each of these genes, this method is not sufficient to differentially identify a single serotype due to cross-reactivity. In some cases a single base pair difference in the flagellin gene sequence results in an amino acid change that displays an epitope with a different serotype. The developers of this test report that the H2 allelotyping primers cannot distinguish serovars Heidelberg (B: r: 1,2) from Bradford (B: r: 1,5), Winneba (B: r: 1,6), or Remo (B: r: 1,7), and cannot distinguish serovar Hadar (C2: z10: e,n,x) from Glostrup (C2: z10: e,n,z15).
Some S. Heidelberg-specific assays described in the literature are molecular serotyping assays based on a set of four multiplex PCR reactions targeting five O-antigen loci, the fliC gene, and the fljB gene. Although very specific, the complexity of this assay makes it unsuitable for specific detection of S. Heidelberg. Another multiplex test known is an assay that detects both S. Heidelberg and S. Typhimurium performed in combination with another assay that only detects S. Typhimurium. A positive signal from the first, but not the second assay indicates the presence of S. Heidelberg. Two step assays are always time consuming and can lead to errors.
Assays for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of Salmonella enterica pathogens are extremely important from both a public health and economic perspective. There exists a need for novel assays and methods for detecting and differentiating various serovars of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica such as S. Hadar and S. Heidelberg from other Salmonella enterica serovars to test food and other contaminated samples. Some potential uses would be identification of a pathogen in a contaminated food to identify a contaminant; and identification of a pathogen in a clinical sample to make a differential diagnosis of what microbe is causing a particular disease.

Compositions and methods for detection of


An image processing device includes: an image acquisition unit configured to acquire first and second image groups in different first and second directions; a flatness calculation unit configured to calculate first flatness representing a gradient of a shading component in the first direction and calculate second flatness representing a gradient of a shading component in the second direction; a flat area detection unit configured to detect an area, as a flat area, including a position having a minimum gradient of a shading component in an image based on the first and second flatness; and a correction gain calculation unit configured to calculate a correction gain for correcting shading in an image with reference to a correction gain in the flat area by using a luminance ratio in the common area.

The present disclosure relates to an image processing device, an imaging device, a microscope system, an image processing method, and a computer-readable recording medium.
In recent years, techniques of recording images obtained by imaging specimens mounted on glass slides as electronic data for observation of the images by a user on a monitor has been used. As one of the techniques, a technique called as a virtual slide technique is known to sequentially stitch partial images of a specimen enlarged by a microscope to construct a high resolution image showing the whole of a specimen. The virtual slide technique is a technique acquiring a plurality of images of different fields of view in the same object, joining these images, and generating an image of an enlarged field of view in the object.
Incidentally, microscopes include a light source configured to illuminate a specimen, and an optical system configured to enlarge an image of a specimen. An image sensor configured to covert an enlarged image of a specimen to electronic data is provided subsequent to the optical system. Therefore, a problem of generation of uneven brightness in an acquired image is caused due to uneven brightness of the light source, non-uniformity in the optical system, unevenness in characteristic of the image sensor, or the like. The uneven brightness is called shading, and brightness is usually reduced with increasing distance from a center of an image that corresponds to a position of an optical axis of an optical system. Therefore, when a plurality of images is stitched to generate a virtual slide image, an unnatural boundary is disadvantageously generated at a seam between images. Furthermore, since a plurality of images is stitched to repeat shading, it looks like a specimen has periodic patterns.
Against such a problem, a shading correction technique is known to previously acquire a shading pattern as a calibration image to correct an image showing a specimen based on the calibration image. For example, in JP 2013-257422 A, a technique is disclosed to capture a reference view image being an image within a range of a predetermined field of view of a sample, move a position of the sample relative to an optical system to capture a plurality of peripheral view images each including a predetermined area within the predetermined field of view and being an image within a range of a peripheral field of view different from the range of the predetermined field of view, calculate a correction gain in each pixel of the reference view image based on the reference view image and the peripheral view image, and perform shading correction.

Image processing device, imaging device, microscope system, image processing method, and computer-readable recording medium


New and improved processes and compositions for use in flotation recovery of metal values from base metal zinc sulfide ores are disclosed. The collector compositions for froth flotation of metal sulfide minerals comprise the combination of combination of 1) at least one allylalkylthionocarbamate compound having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.2 to C.sub.8 alkyl radical, preferably R is an isobutyl group, and 2) a xanthate having the formula ##STR2## wherein R' is a C.sub.2 to C.sub.8 alkyl radical, preferably a C.sub.4 radical. More preferably, the C.sub.4 radical of the xanthate is a butyl or isopropyl group. Preferably, the concentration of allylalkylthionocarbamate to xanthate of a ratio of from about 1:99 to about 50:50 percent by weight.

Froth flotation is one of the most widely used processes for beneficiating ores containing valuable minerals. It is especially useful for separating finely ground valuable minerals from their associated gangue or for separating valuable minerals from one another. Flotation is based on the affinity of suitably prepared mineral surfaces for air bubbles. A froth or a foam is formed by introducing air into an agitated pulp of the finely ground ore in water containing a frothing or foaming agent. A chief advantage of separation by froth flotation is that it is a relatively efficient operation at a substantially lower cost than many other processes.
Current theory and practice state that the success of a sulfide flotation process depends to a great degree on the reagent(s) called collector(s) that impart(s) selective hydrophobicity to the value sulfide mineral that has to be separated from other minerals. Thus, the flotation separation of one mineral species from another depends upon the relative wettability of mineral surfaces by water. Typically, the surface free energy is purportedly lowered by the adsorption of heteropolar collectors. The hydrophobic coating this provides acts in this explanation as a bridge so that the mineral particles may be attached to an air bubble. The practice of this invention is not, however, limited by this or other theories of flotation.
In addition to the collector, several other reagents are necessary. Among these, frothing agents are used to provide a stable flotation froth, persistent enough to facilitate the mineral separation, but not so persistent that it cannot be broken down to allow subsequent processing. The most commonly used frothing agents are pine oil, creosote, cresylic acid and alcohols such as 4-methyl-2-pentanol, polypropylene glycols and ethers, etc.
Moreover, certain other important reagents, such as modifiers, are also largely responsible for the success of flotation separation of sulfide minerals. Modifiers include all reagents whose principal function is neither collecting or frothing, but one of modifying the surface of a mineral so that a collector either adsorbs to it or does not. Modifying agents can thus be considered as depressants, activators, pH regulators, dispersants, deactivators, etc. Often, a modifier may perform several functions simultaneously. Current theory and practice of sulfide flotation suggest that effectiveness of all classes of flotation agents depends to a large extent on the degree of alkalinity or acidity of the ore pulp.
The development of neutral derivatives of xanthates such as alkyl xanthogen alkyl formates are disclosed as sulfide collectors are known in the art and are disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 2,412,500. In the '500 patent, alkyl xanthogen formates which are unsymmetrical with respect to the alkyl radicals are shown to be highly effective flotation reagents which may be employed advantageously as mineral collecting agents in conjunction with frothing agents and conditioning agents in froth flotation operations. Other structural modifications of the general structure were disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,608,572, for example, alkyl formate substitutents containing unsaturated groups. In U.S. Pat. No. 2,608,573, the alkyl formate substitutents described contain halogen, nitrile and nitro groups. Bis alkyl xanthogen formates are described as sulfide collectors in U.S. Pat. No. 2,602,814. The '814 patent provides dicarbonyl compounds comprising organic dithio acid radicals and dicarbonyl compounds in which the carbonyl groups are joined together by means of multivalent organic radicals.
Another class of sulfide collectors which have obtained some degree of commercial success in froth flotation are oily sulfide collectors comprising dialkylthionocarbamate or diurethane compounds. In U.S. Pat. No. 2,691,635, a process for making dialkylthionocarbamates is disclosed. In U.S. Pat. No. 3,907,854, an improved process for making dialkylthionocarbamates is described. In U.S. Pat. No. 3,590,998, a thionocarbamate sulfide collector structure in which the N-alkyl substitutent is joined by alkoxycarbonyl groups is disclosed. In Reissue U.S. Pat. No. 32,786, collector compositions for use in froth flotation processes using hydrocarboxycarbonyl thiourea is described. These patents are incorporated herein by reference.
The synergistic use of the mixtures of dialkylthionocarbamates and dithiophosphates has been disclosed as collectors for the recovery of copper from copper containing ores in U.S. Pat. No. 3,925,218 and the synergistic use of the mixtures of allylalkylthionocarbamates and dithiophosphates for the recovery of platinum group metals and gold is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,581. These patents however, do not include xanthate nor do they recognize the synergistic effects of allylalkylthionocarbamates and xanthates.
Although the use of dialkylthionocarbamates and xanthates separately may be used as collectors in flotation of sphalerite, there is a need for other chemical formulations that provide greater efficiency in this process.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved sulfide collector and flotation process for the beneficiation of sulfide minerals employing froth flotation methods.

Collector composition for flotation of activated sphalerite


In the subject emergency stop switch the closing ring penetrates through a face plate, surrounds a pushbutton, and on its rear side is in communication with a control element that is provided for the guidance of a cam, preloaded via a first spring. A first plunger element, in connection with the pushbutton, includes elements for the reception of the cam and the first spring and an adaptor, superimposed on a contact block, surrounds the control element, with the first plunger element actuating, upon a force input via the pushing of the pushbutton, a contact carrier, guided by a contact block, against the resilient force provided by springs. In this manner the contact sets are opened and arched contact arms are utilized which are accessible via connecting terminals with the contact arms being pretensioned in such a manner that they close the contact upon the pushing of the pushbutton.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention pertains to an emergency stop switch comprised of an adaptor superimposed upon a contact block, a contact carrier with contact sets, a closing ring and a pushbutton which actuates the contact sets with the contact carrier, the contact carrier being arranged in the contact block and preloaded via the spring force of second springs, wherein the adaptor and the contact block are connected, via adaptor bosses and contact block bosses, with a face plate by means of threaded bolts and nuts.
2. Discussion of the Background of the Invention and Material Information
U.S. Pat. No. 4,504,713 discloses a pushbutton switch which is primarily comprised of a pushbutton, a closing ring penetrating a face plate, a contact carrier, a contact block and an adaptor located between the contact carrier and the closing ring. For the illumination of the pushbutton an axially located rod-shaped incandescent bulb is retained by the contact block. Springs, interposed between the contact block and the contact carrier, preload or tension the contact carrier with a spring load. A force, initiated via the plunger, displaces the contact carrier against the spring force, whereby the contacts, arranged on the contact carrier are separated from the contacts arranged on the contact block. The contacts and the incandescent bulb are accessible via connecting terminals arranged on the contact block.


A method and apparatus for fixing a connector having pins onto a printed circuit board wherein the apparatus is movable between a position rear the pins and a position retracted from the pins. The apparatus includes heating means and pressure heads which act in a complimentary manner. After the pins are heated and are cooling, the pressure heads upset the pins thereby strengthening the connection.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a method and a device for fixing a connector on a printed circuit board, which connector is provided with fixing pins which are inserted into corresponding holes in the board, and are then heated and upset by means of a press tool at the side of the board facing away from the connector, in order to form a fixing head.
2. Description of Related Art
Methods are generally known, in particular, for fixing connectors which permit a modular construction. This means that these connectors can be fitted next to one another without loss of position. In the case of such connectors no fixing devices can be used at the ends, so that one has to resort to fixing devices situated at the rear side of the board.
According to a known method, the fixing pins are heated by means of the press tool, which is brought to the desired temperature beforehand. Pressing the press tool in a suitable manner causes part of the pin projecting through the board to be reshaped to a head, as a result of which a sort of rivet is formed.
This known method has various disadvantages. In order to obtain a sturdy fixing of the connector on the board, the connector must be pressed hard until the head formed has cooled off and is strong enough. For this purpose the connector is held pressed between a supporting face and the above-mentioned press tool. This pressing action is not, however, achieved until after the head is already formed. Only when the press tool has reshaped the pin in such a way that a head is obtained can the board be pressed against the appropriate face of the connector.
This means that the board cannot be kept pressed constantly against the connector during the formation of the head. During the initial deformation of the pin the board lies, as it were, still loose against the connector, which can lead to undesirable movements and thereby a poor fixing. Finally, the press tool must be held against the head until the latter has cooled off sufficiently, something which can take some time, since the head itself also has a certain heat capacity
Another disadvantage lies in the fact that the thickness of the board can vary within certain tolerances. This has a direct influence on the length of the pin part to be deformed, and thus on the volume to be reshaped. Since also the material is not impeded in the lateral direction during reshaping, in the case of a relatively thin board, and thus in the case of a relatively large volume of the pin to be reshaped, this pin material can give way laterally under the press tool. A thin, irregularly shaped edge all the way around the deformed head is consequently obtained. Apart from the fact that such an edge is not visually acceptable, it also produces the risk of polluting soldering bath through which it must be possible to pass the board with the connector. Besides, plastic particles can come off as a result.
It is also found in practice that during the heating and reshaping the pins can be pressed into a crooked position, which is also a disadvantage for the strength of the connection obtained. This also makes it difficult to hold board and connector pressed well against each other.
The boards on which the connector has to be fixed can be supplied in various standard thicknesses, for example, 1.6 and 2.4 mm. Since, as described above, the press tool according to the state of the art can function properly only if the pin is of a certain length, this means that for boards of a different thickness connectors with differing pin lengths have to be used. This is undesirable, in view of the additional costs which keeping two different types of connector in stock involves. All this could be allowed for by adapting the press tool, but the disadvantage of this is that it would have to be changed constantly.
The final disadvantage which will be mentioned is that through contact with the hot press tool the plastic material of the pins could stick, which soils the press tool and give the fixing head obtained a ragged appearance.

Method and device for connecting a connector to a board


Sulfonated styrene polymer and/or its salt, a waste water treatment material and sludge dehydrating agent each containing the sulfonated styrene polymer and/or its salt as an effective component thereof are disclosed. The waste water treatment material is used such that the sulfonated styrene polymer and/or its salt, which has a viscosity of 10 mPaxc2x7S to 20,000 mPaxc2x7S at 25xc2x0 C. after 0.01 N to 5 N of a neutral salt has been added to the 1 wt % water solution of the sulfonated styrene polymer and/or its salt, is added to each waste water so that waste water is purified. When a sludge dehydrating agent is required, the sulfonated styrene polymer and/or its salt having a weight average molecular weight of 1,100,000 or greater is combined with a cation polymer flocculating agent or an inorganic flocculating agent.

The present invention relates to a waste water treatment material and sludge dehydrating agent containing, as an effective component thereof, sulfonated styrene polymer and its salt, and more particularly to a waste water treatment method and a sludge treatment method using the same.
Contamination of rivers, underground water and so forth caused from various industrial effluent, sewage sludge, excrement sludge have raised a critical social problem. Therefore, techniques for the waste water treatment have attracted keen interest.
Under the foregoing circumstances, a variety of waste water treatment techniques have been investigated. Flocculating treatment using a polymer flocculating agent is one of the foregoing techniques.
For example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-216707 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-298400, a technique has been suggested which uses sodium-polystyrene sulfonate to serve as a waste water treatment material. According to the foregoing disclosures, an effect of flocculating the various waste water has been reported.
Available sodium polystyrene sulfonate, however, suffers from an unsatisfactorily small particle size of generated flocs, excessively low settling velocity and filtration velocity and unsatisfactory large water content in the dehydrated sludge (cakes) and turbidity of the filtered solution. From the foregoing viewpoint, the performance of the foregoing sodium polystyrene sulfonate is unsatisfactory.
On the other hand, treatment of sludge, such as sewage sludge, excrement sludge or various industrial waste water, has been performed by adding a flocculating agent (a dehydrating agent) to the sludge to flocculate suspended substances so as to produce flocs. Then, sludge from which the flocs have been obtained is dehydrated by a belt-press dehydrating machine or a filter-press dehydrating machine so as to separate the sludge into a solid component (a cake) and water. The foregoing sludge treatment must realize a low water content in the flocs and cakes produced in the foregoing process, a high filtration velocity required in the process for filtering sludge and a satisfactory separation characteristic between the filter cloth and the cakes.
As the dehydrating agent for use in the foregoing sludge treatment, cation polymer flocculating agent, such as polymer of quaternary salt of dinethylaminoethyl acrylate or dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate or copolymer of quaternary salt of dinethylaminoethyl acrylate or dimentylaimnoethyl methacrylate and acrylamide is solely employed. As an alternative to this, the cation polymer flocculating agent and an anion polymer flocculating agent are combined with each other.
A variety of polymers have been suggested as the anion polymer flocculating agent. For example, polyacrylic acid has been suggested in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-216707, while sodium polystyrene sulfonate having an average molecular weight of 1000 to 1,000,000 has been disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-298400.
However, sole use of the cation polymer flocculating agent suffers from a high water content of the produced flocs and, therefore, the realized dehydration characteristic is unsatisfactory. If the cation polymer flocculating agent and the anion polymer flocculating agent are combined with each other such that sodium polyacrylate or sodium polystyrene sulfonate having the average molecular weight of 1000 to 1,000,000 is employed as the anion type flocculating agent, there arises a problem of a low filtration velocity of sludge and an unsatisfactory processing efficiency.
An object of the present invention is to provide a novel waste water treatment material and a waste water treatment method with which settling velocity and filtration velocity can be raised and which are able to lower the water content in dehydrated sludge (cakes) and the turbidity of filtered solution.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a sludge dehydrating agent and a sludge treatment method with which the water content in the cakes produced in the process can be lowered, which enables a high filtration efficiency to be realized in a process for filtering sludge and which causes filter cloth and the cakes to easily be separated.
The inventors of the present invention have energetically performed investigations to obtain a waste water treatment material and a waste water treatment method which exhibit excellent settling velocity, filtration velocity, water content in dehydrated sludge, separability of dehydrated cakes and cleanliness (the turbidity) of filtered solution. Thus, the present invention has been achieved.
That is, a waste water treatment material according to the present invention comprises: sulfonated styrene polymer and/or its salt as an effective component thereof, wherein the sulfonated styrene polymer and/or its salt has a viscosity satisfying a range from 10 mPaxc2x7S to 20,000 mPaxc2x7S at 25xc2x0 C. after a neutral salt in a quantity which satisfies a range from 0.01 N to 5 N has been added to a 1 wt % water solution of the sulfonated styrene polymer and/or its salt.
A waste water treatment method according to the present invention comprising the steps of: adding a waste water treatment material containing sulfonated styrene polymer and/or its salt as an effective component to each of various waste water; and purifying waste water, wherein the sulfonated styrene polymer and/or its salt has viscosity satisfying a range from 10 mPaxc2x7S to 20,000 mPaxc2x7S at 25xc2x0 C. after neutral salt in quantity which satisfies a range from 0.01 N to 5 N has been added to 1 wt % water solution of the sulfonated styrene polymer and/or its salt.
The sulfonated styrene polymer and/or its salt having the above-mentioned characteristic exhibits a stable flocculating performance.
On the other hand, a sludge dehydrating agent comprises sulfonated styrene polymer and/or its salt having a weight average molecular weight of 1,100,000 or greater.
A sludge treatment method according to the present invention comprises the step of sequentially adding, to sludge, sulfonated styrene polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 1,100,000 or greater and/or its salt and cation polymer flocculating agent and/or inorganic flocculating agent.
The sulfonated styrene polymer having the weight average molecular weight of 1,100,000 or greater and/or its salt is employed as the sludge dehydrating agent. Moreover, the sludge dehydrating agent and cation polymer flocculating agent and/or inorganic flocculating agent are sequentially added to sludge. Thus, flocs each having a low water content are produced. When sludge from which the flocs have been produced is filtered, the filtering process can be performed at a high filtration velocity. Thus, sludge can be separated into filtrate having a low turbidity and sludge cakes. The thus-produced cakes can easily be separated from the filter cloth and have a low water content. As a result, fuel in a small quantity is required to burn the cakes. Thus, sludge treatment can efficiently be performed.
In an embodiment, the waste water treatment material of the present invention comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a sulfonated styrene polymer and a salt of a sulfonated styrene polymer, wherein a 1 wt % aqueous solution of said material has a viscosity ranging from 10 mPaxc2x7S to 20,000 mPaxc2x7S at 25xc2x0 C. after a neutral salt has been added to the aqueous solution so that a concentration of the neutral salt in the aqueous solution ranges from 0.01 N to 5 N.
In an embodiment, the viscosity of the aqueous solution ranges from 10 mPaxc2x7S to 500 mPaxc2x7S at 25xc2x0 C. after the neutral salt has been added to the aqueous solution so that a concentration of the neutral salt in the aqueous solution is about 0.2 N.
In an embodiment, the viscosity of the aqueous solution ranges from 10 mPaxc2x7S to 500 mPaxc2x7S at 25xc2x0 C. after the neutral salt has been added to the aqueous solution so that a concentration of the neutral salt in the aqueous solution is about 1 N.
In an embodiment, the sulfonated styrene polymer and/or its salt is water soluble and has a cross-linked structure.
In an embodiment, the sulfonated styrene polymer and/or its salt is sulfonated waste material.
In an embodiment, the waste water treatment method of the present invention comprises the steps of adding a waste water treatment material to waste water, the material being selected from the group consisting of a sulfonated styrene polymer and a salt of a sulfonated styrene polymer, wherein a 1 wt % aqueous solution of said material has a viscosity ranging from 10 mPaxc2x7S to 20,000 mPaxc2x7S at 25xc2x0 C. after a neutral salt has been added to the aqueous solution so that a concentration of the neutral salt in the aqueous solution ranges from 0.01 N to 5 N; and purifying the waste water.
In an embodiment, the material further comprises a flocculating agent selected from the group consisting of a nonionic polymer flocculating agent, an anionic polymer flocculating agent, a cationic polymer flocculating agent, and an inorganic flocculating agent.
In an embodiment, a material is selected from the group consisting of a sulfonated styrene polymer and a salt of a sulfonated styrene polymer, the sulfonated styrene polymer or the salt of the sulfonated styrene polymer having a molecular weight of at least 1,100,000.
In an embodiment, the sulfonated styrene polymer has a molecular weight ranging from 1,100,000 to 10,000,000.
In an embodiment, the sulfonated styrene polymer and/or its salt is prepared by cross-linking the sulfonated styrene polymer and/or its salt using a cross-linking monomer in an amount ranging from about 0.01 mol % to about 10 mol %.
In an embodiment, the sulfonated styrene polymer and/or its salt comprises a styrene polymer that has a pre-sulfonation average molecular weight ranging from 4.5 to 20.
In an embodiment, the method of dehydrating sludge comprises the steps of adding to the sludge a material selected from the group consisting of a sulfonated styrene polymer and a salt of a sulfonated styrene polymer; and adding a flocculating agent to the sludge and material, the flocculating agent being selected from the group consisting of a cationic polymer flocculating agent and an inorganic flocculating agent.

Wastewater treating agent, method for wastewater treatment, sludge dehydrant and method for sludge treatment


A pumping assembly includes a hydraulic pump having a hydraulic ram tied to a reciprocating annular piston having a central bore. When the annular piston moves in an upward direction, the hydraulic ram moves toward an extended position extending from the housing. When the annular piston moves in a downward direction, the hydraulic ram moves toward a retracted position retracted within the housing. A polish rod extends up through the central bore of the annular piston and is held in position by a polish rod clamp positioned on top of the hydraulic ram. The polish rod moves with the hydraulic ram. Other pumping systems, devices, and methods are also disclosed.

Canadian Patent 2,403,439 describes a method of pumping liquids from a well using a tubing string. Problems have been experienced in the field with installations using this method. With the method, pumped fluids passed through the tubing string and out through the top of the pump. A hose attachment was required to direct the pumped fluids to appropriate storage. Repeated movement of the tubing string served to fatigue the hose, requiring frequent servicing. Under some pumping conditions, this pumping action would dislodge the tubing anchor.


A laser sighting system can be used in combination with a range finder for determining a distance to a target. An onboard ballistics computer processor in the laser sighting system calculates a trajectory and automatically rotates a pointing laser to the proper angle for causing the trajectory path of a fired projectile to intersect with the position of the target. The laser sighting system can also be used in a standalone mode wherein target distance information is input manually by the user.

The present disclosure relates to a modular sighting assembly for use with a weapon system. The present disclosure will be made herein primarily by way of reference to the preferred embodiment wherein the weapon is a grenade launcher, although it will be recognized that the present development is not limited to use with weapons of any particular type, size, munitions type, or caliber. The grenade launcher is preferably of the type that is attachable to a military or assault rifle such as an M-16 assault rifle, M-4 Carbine, or the like, although use with a standalone grenade launcher is also contemplated. Although, the present development is particularly advantageous for aiming firearms and artillery that launch or fire projectiles at relatively high elevation angles, the present development is not limited to such and can be used with any type of firearm or artillery that launches a projectile with a known trajectory. The terms "firearm" and "artillery" as used herein are intended to encompass all manner of weaponry, including without limitation, guns such as handguns and rifles, heavy caliber guns, grenade launchers, cannons, howitzers, mortars, rocket launchers, and the like.


The present invention relates to a sound attenuation composite and a method for making the composite. The sound attenuation composite includes a barrier layer and an open cell foam layer loaded with a sound blocking filler. In one embodiment, the foam layer is filled with a barium sulfate filler. In another embodiment, a solid polyvinyl chloride barrier layer is loaded with barium sulfate, wherein 60 parts of barium sulfate is present in each 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an environmentally improved energy absorbing, damping and blocking sound barrier composite which replaces lead and other synthetic barriers and the process for making same. More particularly, the present invention relates to sound attenuation composites having a dense, resilient, elastic polymer barrier layer and a dense, resilient, elastic fractured open cell foam layer formed in one process.
2. Description of the Related Art
Sound absorption barriers have been utilized to reduce noise levels in work areas, such as, areas having manufacturing machinery and construction equipment. Sound barrier materials have been made by incorporating sound blocking heavy particles into polymer binders. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,110,510 to Oliveira discloses a sound barrier material with a polyvinyl chloride impregnated mesh sheet having a coating of a chlorinated polyethylene containing barium sulfate. The concentration of barium sulfate in the chlorinated polyethylene binder is 50-200 parts of barium sulfate in each 100 parts of chlorinated polyethylene. This coated sheet is laminated to two sides of an intermediate foam layer to form the sound barrier.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,818,603 to Mueller discloses a thermal-acoustic insulating material which is fabricated by bonding a thin heavy metal-loaded polyorganophosphazen septum to the surface of a foamed polyamide insert. As another example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,367,259 to Fulmer et al. discloses a sound deadening material which is obtained by mixing sound dampening materials with water and bonding them together by adding a water-miscible isocyanate-terminated prepolymer which reacts with the water to form a crosslinked binder.
The present invention provides a sound attenuation composite having superior sound absorption, damping and blocking characteristics and accomplishes these tasks with an extremely lightweight construction. In particular, a sound attenuation composite is provided having superior sound attenuation characteristics at low cost and at approximately one half the weight in comparison to known sound barriers, e.g., a lead sheet.

Method for forming a sound attenuation composite