A quick-change roll-fed labeling machine employs a unique container flow path, resulting in higher labeling speed and precision label placement. The labeling machine comprises a conveyor for moving articles to be labeled, and an infeed screw assembly for spacing and stabilizing the articles. Additional system elements include a rotatable starwheel assembly having a plurality of spaced pockets for receiving individual ones of the articles therein, a rotatable vacuum drum assembly, and a supply of roll fed labels, wherein the labels are dispensed singly onto a label receiving face of the rotatable vacuum drum assembly. A glue wheel assembly is disposed adjacent to the vacuum drum assembly for applying glue to the labels. Advantageously, the glue wheel assembly comprises an air cylinder drive for driving the glue wheel disposed between a pair of bushings.

This invention relates generally to labeling machines for applying adhesive-backed labels to containers, and more particularly to a quick change roll-fed high speed labeling machine and methods for use thereof, which comprises innovative quick change parts and a significantly improved vacuum drum system.
High speed packaging machinery is essential to meet large demands for consumer products in a market-oriented economy. As a consequence, there is a need for machinery that can satisfy mass market packaging requirements swiftly, inexpensively, and without interruption. Machinery of this character also must satisfy further needs, among which are safe and reliable operation by relatively unskilled production personnel.
The present invention comprises a new quick-change roll-fed labeling machine which employes a unique container flow path resulting in higher labeling speed and precision label placement.
More particularly, there is provided a quick change roll-fed high speed labeling system, which comprises a conveyor for moving articles to be labeled. Additionally, the inventive system includes an infeed screw assembly for spacing and stabilizing the articles. Additional system elements include a rotatable starwheel assembly having a plurality of spaced pockets for receiving individual ones of the articles therein, a rotatable vacuum drum assembly, and a supply of roll fed labels, wherein the labels are dispensed singly onto a label receiving face of the rotatable vacuum drum assembly. A glue wheel assembly is disposed adjacent to the vacuum drum assembly for applying glue to the labels. Advantageously, the glue wheel assembly comprises an air cylinder drive for driving the glue wheel disposed between a pair of bushings.

Glue wheel for a quick change roll-fed high speed labeling system


The present disclosure relates to a manually adjustable monitor bracket for a flat panel display of a mobile diagnostic device that includes at least two joints with mutually parallel pivot axes, the joints being connected to one another by a first arm. In order to prevent a collision of the flat panel screen attached to a hand joint on a second arm and/or of the monitor bracket with an obstacle whose position relative to the coordinate system of the mobile diagnostic device is known, in particular with a part of the diagnostic device, the monitor bracket includes a device for preventing a collision that limits the movement of the monitor bracket in such a manner that movement in a direction about the first horizontal pivot axis or in a direction about the second horizontal pivot axis is blocked if a continuation of the movement about the pivot axes would lead to the value pairs consisting of the pivot angles of the shoulder joint and of the pivot angles of the elbow joint being contained in the number of the value pairs of the pivot angles of the collision-endangered area.

Field
The present disclosure relates to a manually adjustable monitor bracket for a flat panel display of a mobile diagnostic device.
Description of Related Art
From medical diagnostics, in particular from imaging X-ray or ultrasound diagnostics, mobile diagnostic devices are known that comprise a monitor, in particular a flat panel display to allow an operator to view images. It is known to arrange the monitor in a manner such that it can be adjusted on the mobile diagnostic device, in order to improve the ergonomics of monitor use.
Manually adjustable monitor brackets for mobile diagnostic devices are known from the patent literature.
From the PCT Application WO05074807A1 an ultrasound examination system with a multiply adjustable bracket for a flat panel display is known, wherein the bracket comprises a parallelogram guide system and the [sic] is compensated by the weight force of the flat panel display and of a support arm by means of a lever arrangement with a gas spring.
From the document U.S. Pat. No. 6,669,639B1, a monitor bracket with a support arm on a mobile ultrasound diagnostic device is known, wherein the bracket comprises three joints with mutually separated parallel vertical axes and at least one joint has an angular movement that can be limited in order to prevent a collision of the support arm with the diagnostic device.
From EP1880678B1, a manually adjustable monitor bracket with a cable guide integrated in the monitor bracket is known, wherein the monitor can be shifted about three parallel vertical axes.
From DE102007059312A1, a manually adjustable monitor bracket is known, which comprises a locking mechanism by means of which an unintentional collision movement of the monitor with a wall during the movement of the mobile unit is prevented.
From the document KR1020100047436A1, a monitor bracket on a mobile ultrasound diagnostic device is known, in which sensors are provided for the detection of a risk of collision between the monitor and a part of the diagnostic device.
From the document DE202005009471U1, a monitor bracket with three joints with spaced apart vertical pivot axes is known, in which stops are provided for the delimitation of the adjustment angle in the joints.
From the document DE4014009A1, a support arm apparatus carrier for surveillance monitors with a parallelogram support and with a connecting rod arranged between said parallelogram support and the head support for the monitor is known, by means of which the head support is pivoted with positive control about a horizontal axis as a function of the adjustment movement of the parallelogram support.
Manually adjustable monitor brackets are known that detect a risk of collision or comprise devices for limiting a movement in an axis.

Manually adjustable monitor bracket for a flat panel display of a mobile diagnostic device


Electronic devices prepared from nanoscale powders are described. Methods for utilizing nanoscale powders and related nanotechnology to prepare capacitors, inductors, resistors, thermistors, varistors, filters, arrays, interconnects, optical components, batteries, fuel cells, sensors and other products are discussed.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention pertains in general to ion conductors and to processes for the synthesis of ion conducting solid electrolytes. In particular, the invention relates to the use of nanoscale powders for the preparation of nanostructured oxygen ion conducting electrolytes.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Solid electrolytes are materials through which ion species can migrate with low energy barriers. Table 1 outlines some examples of ion-conducting structures, representative materials, and the ions conducted. These materials are of critical commercial importance to electrochemical devices, components and processes. Illustrative applications include sensors, batteries, fuel cells, ion pumps, membrane reactors, catalysis, and metallurgy.
REPRESENTATIVE MATERIALSION CONDUCTEDStabilized ZrO2 System, Stabilized Bi2O3O2−System, Ceria, PerovskitesBeta-Alumina, NASICON SystemsNa+AgI, RbAg4I5Ag+Rb4Cu16I7C113Cu+Li3N, Li2S—SiS2—Li3PO4 System, OrganicLi+Polymer Systems, LISICON Systems
As a specific example, stabilized zirconia is a known conductor of oxygen ions. Accordingly, its properties are utilized in various fields of technology, such as in oxygen sensors for fuel-air ratio optimization of automobiles and furnaces, in oxygen pumps for solid state oxygen separation, in solid-oxide fuel cells for noiseless and clean power generation from chemical energy, and in catalytic membrane reactors.
The oxygen-ion conduction properties of stabilized zirconia used in a typical oxygen sensor are well understood based on electrochemical-cell theory. When placed between two compartments containing a reference gas and an analyte oxygen gas at different partial pressures, stabilized zirconia functions both as a partition between the two compartments and as an electrochemical-cell electrolyte. Under ideal conditions, the open-circuit EMF (E0) of the cell is given by the known Nernst equation:
                                          E            0                    =                                    RT                              4                                F                                                                ln                                            (                                                      PO                                          2                      REF                                                                            PO                    2                                                  )                                                    ,                            (        1        )            where T is the absolute temperature of the cell; PO2Ref, and PO2 are the partial pressures of oxygen in the reference and analyte compartments, respectively; R is the universal gas constant; and F is Faraday's number.
According to this equation, any difference in partial pressure of the oxygen across the two faces of the oxygen-conducting electrolyte generates an electromotive force that depends on the temperature and partial-pressure ratio of the oxygen in the two compartments of the system. In order to generate Nernstian response in sufficiently short times, the temperature of stabilized ZrO2 needs to be high (above 700° C.), which results in relatively high power requirements and in increased equipment mass and size, need for insulation, and attendant sealing problems. These considerations often produce unsatisfactory performance or affect the commercial viability of products based on stabilized ZrO2 technology.
The inherent reasons for the high-temperature requirement and the corresponding performance problems of present-day oxygen ion conducting electrolyte based devices can be traced to the reaction mechanism of the cell and the microstructure of the sites where the reaction occurs. Referring to FIG. 1A, a schematic drawing of a ZrO2 sensor cell 110 is illustrated, where the stabilized zirconia is modeled as a solid electrolyte membrane 120 between a first compartment 140, containing a reference oxygen atmosphere at a predetermined partial pressure PO2Ref, and another compartment 160 containing an analyte gas with oxygen at a different partial pressure PO2. The two sides of the stabilized zirconia non-porous solid electrolyte 120 are coupled through an external circuit connecting an anode 180 and a cathode 200 made of porous metal, such as silver. The anode 180 is the cell electrode at which chemical oxidation occurs and the electrons released by the oxidation reaction flow from it through the external circuit to the cathode. The cathode 200 is the cell electrode at which chemical reduction occurs. The cell electrolyte 120 completes the electrical circuit of the system by allowing a flow of negative ions O2− between the two electrodes. A voltmeter 220 is provided to measure the EMF created by the redox reactions occurring at the interfaces of the electrolyte with the two oxygen atmospheres.
Thus, the key redox reaction of the cell occurs at the points where the metal electrode, the electrolyte and the gas meet (illustrated in the inset of FIG. 1B as the "triple point" 240). At each such site on the surface of the electrolyte 120, the redox reaction is as follows:O2(gas)+4e−→2O2−
Since the reaction and the electrochemical performance of the sensor depend on the redox kinetics, the cell's performance is a strong function of the concentration of triple points. In other words, an electrode/electrolyte/electrode cell with as many triple points as possible is highly desirable [see Madou, Marc and M. Morrison, Chemical Sensing with Solid State Devices, Academic Press, Boston (1989)]. In the case of an oxygen cell with a ZrO2 solid membrane and silver electrodes, this requirement corresponds to maximizing the triple points on each side of the PO2.Ag′/ZrO2/Ag″PO2Ref system.
Another cause of poor performance of oxygen-sensor cells can be explained with the help of complex-impedance analysis. Referring to FIGS. 2a and 2b, a complex impedance diagram for a ZrO2 sensor is shown, where the impedances of the bulk, grain boundary and electrode are illustrated in series to reflect their contribution to the ionic conduction at each triple point. It has been shown that the conductive performance of electrolytes at temperatures below 500° C. is controlled by the grain boundary contribution to the overall impedance. Thus, for significant improvements of the conductivity at low temperatures, it is necessary to significantly minimize the grain-boundary (interface) resistance.
In summary, oxygen ion conducting devices based on stabilized-zirconia electrolyte have two problems that can be traced to material limitations. First, the electrolytes have high impedance; second, the concentration of triple points is relatively low. These problems are common to solid oxygen-conducting electrolytes in particular and solid electrolytes in general, and any improvement in these material characteristics would constitute a significant technological step forward. The present invention provides a novel approach that greatly improves these aspects of ion conducting solid electrolytes.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Products comprising nano-precision engineered electronic components


A method of treating or preventing an immune disorder, such as graft versus host disease, in a subject. The method includes the administering a SHIP1 inhibitor, such as 3α-aminocholestane, to a subject in need of treatment. Thus, SHIP1 inhibitors taught herein represent a novel class of small molecules that have the potential to enhance allogeneic transplantation, boost innate immunity and improve the treatment of hematologic malignancies.

SH2-domain containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP) is a 145 kDa multi-domain cytosolic protein expressed specifically in hematopoietic cells that negatively regulates cell growth, survival and proliferation. SHIP hydrolyzes the phospholipid product phosphoinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate of PI3K. Specifically, SHIP converts PI(3,4,5)P3 to PI(3,4)P2. This serves to regulate cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. In this manner, SHIP influences the survival and/or function of numerous cell types, including myeloid cells, osteoclasts, and NK cells.
In genetic models of germline and induced SH2-domain containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP) deficiency, SHIP deficient hosts are permissive for engraftment of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mismatched bone marrow (BM) grafts, exhibit reduced graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) post-transplant and have delayed rejection of vascularized MHC mismatched heart grafts (unpublished data). In addition, SHIP-deficient mice show an expansion and mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to the blood and spleen. Moreover, recent findings have shown that phosphoinositol phosphatases are important regulators of signaling pathways relevant to both diabetes and cancer.

H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Reserach Institute, Inc.


This disclosure describes a method for preparing stable cell targeting conjugates. A further aspect of this disclosure relates to the stable cell targeting conjugates obtainable by the method and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these stable cell targeting conjugates. A last aspect of this disclosure relates to the use of these conjugates and pharmaceutical compositions as a medicament.

Site-specific or targeted delivery of drugs is considered a valuable tool to improve the therapeutic efficacy and to reduce the toxicity of drugs. For example, antibody-drug-conjugates are known in the art and may, for example, consist of a recombinant antibody covalently bound to a small therapeutic compound (typically 300 to 1,000 Da) via a synthetic linker (S. C. Alley et al., Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 2010, 14:529-537).
Whereas non-targeted drug compounds or diagnostic compounds typically reach their intended target cells via whole-body distribution and passive diffusion or receptor mediated uptake over the cell membrane, targeted drugs or targeted diagnostic compounds home-in and concentrate mainly at the targeted tissues. Consequently, targeted drugs (herein meant as drugs targeted by a targeting moiety) or diagnostic compounds require smaller dosages while still allowing the drug to reach therapeutically or diagnostically effective levels inside or at the level of the target lesion or cells and thus improving the therapeutic or diagnostic window.
In this regard it is important to note that in general it is favorable if the amounts of targeted therapeutic compounds that reach the target cells can be adjusted according to their efficacy, in other words that the accumulation of therapeutic compounds at the target cell needs to be higher in case they are less potent (e.g., less cytotoxic). For diagnostic compounds, a high accumulation at the target cell is generally considered advantageous, unless this reduces the signal as, e.g., in case of quenching.
The use of targeted diagnostic compounds is of great value for whole body imaging and can be used for patient selection and response prediction for targeted therapeutics (personalized medicine) and for validation of therapeutic responses to targeted therapeutic compounds.
The targeting of therapeutic compounds or diagnostic compounds to specific cells is thus a conceptually attractive method to enhance specificity, to decrease systemic toxicity compared to conventional delivery and to allow for the therapeutic or in-vivo diagnostic use of compounds that are in principle less suitable or unsuitable as systemic drugs. Drug targeting is achieved when an alteration in the drug's bio-distribution favors drug accumulation at the desired site, which site is usually remote from the administration site. Cell-selective delivery of therapeutic agents (drugs) can, in principle, be obtained by coupling drug molecules to targeting moieties which targeting moieties are a member of a specific binding pair, i.e., a member from a pair of molecules wherein one of the pair of molecules has an area on its surface or a cavity which specifically binds to, and is, therefore, defined as complementary with, a particular spatial and polar organization of the other molecule, so that the pair have the property of binding specifically to each other. Examples of types of specific binding pairs are antigen-antibody, biotin-avidin, hormone-hormone receptor, receptor-ligand, enzyme-substrate, IgG-protein A. Particularly suitable targeting moieties from such binding pairs are macromolecular carriers, such as, for example, monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments or engineered variants thereof or low molecular weight carriers, such as, for example, peptides.
However, the linkage between the therapeutic compound and the targeting moieties often poses significant problems. For instance, the linking of lipophilic non-targeted therapeutic compounds to hydrophilic targeting moieties may be difficult,
Furthermore, chemically reactive groups for conventional conjugation chemistry may be absent, or chemically reactive groups may be (abundantly) present, but (covalent) linkage may (irreversibly) inhibit the bioactivity of the coupled therapeutic compound.
In International Patent Application WO 2013/103301 methods are described for linking therapeutic compounds to targeting moieties by using (transition) metal ion complexes as a linker between the therapeutic compounds and the targeting moieties. This way, cell targeting conjugates are prepared, which work well in-vivo.
However, analyses have shown that a fraction of the functional moiety and platinum linker may detach from the binding site on the targeting moiety. In a clinical setting this would result in the presence of free functional moieties, such as (super) toxic drugs and free platinum in the body. Hence, a need exists for cell targeting conjugates that are more stable, i.e., wherein the functional moieties do not detach from the binding site on the targeting moieties outside the intended place of action.

Method for removing weakly bound functional moieties from cell targeting conjugates


The invention provides a conveying apparatus including a conveyor system supported on a conveyor frame. The conveyor system includes a pair of conveyor chains positioned in spaced apart end-to-end relation. The conveying apparatus also includes a transfer mechanism supported on the conveyor frame. The transfer mechanism includes a transfer plate for transferring articles between the conveyor chains. The transfer plate has a thin cross-section and is suspended in tension in the space between the conveyor chains and is supported only at its ends. The position of the transfer plate is also readily adjustable to suit a particular conveying application.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to conveying apparatus, and more particularly to mechanisms for transferring articles between separated article supporting surfaces, such as between two conveyor belts or chains.
2. Reference to Prior Art
Conveying equipment is used in various manufacturing, treatment and other processes for transporting articles. Known conveying equipment includes belts or chains that are supported on conveyor frames and that are constructed of chain links or modules interconnected by chain pins in an endless loop. Examples of such conveyor chains are manufactured by Rexnord Corporation, Milwaukee, Wis., the assignee of the present invention, and are sold under the brand names TableTop and MatTop. Those chains can be either side-flexing or straight running and are useful in carrying articles such as bottles, cans and packages in high production facilities.
Conveying equipment also often includes various mechanisms for changing the direction of conveyed articles or for transferring articles without worker assistance between a pair of conveyor chains or between a conveyor chain and a static article supporting surface. For example, turntable mechanisms and guides or fences are employed to transfer articles between conveyor chains traveling in different directions. Plates known as dead or transfer plates are also employed in conjunction with the fences or are used alone to transfer articles from one conveyor chain to another conveyor chain or other article supporting surface.
Using conventional equipment, articles that are susceptible to tipping can be difficult to transfer between conveyor chains or from a conveyor chain to a stationary article supporting surface. To partially address that problem, smaller pitched chains (i.e., chains having a pitch of about 1 inch or less) have been used to reduce chordal action (or chain link "kick-up") experienced by the chains as they round sprockets. This helps improve product transfer between conveyor chains arranged end-to-end or between a conveyor chain and a static support surface. However, even the use of small pitched chains has not fully eliminated conveying problems associated with articles that are particularly susceptible to tipping, such as empty drawn aluminum beverage cans.

Tensioned transfer plate for small pitch chain conveyor


A compact disc (CD) package formed from a unitary paperboard blank. The package is relatively long and stiff in its pre-purchased form and is readily foldable widthwise only after purchase. To permit folding after purchase, any outer wrapping is removed and the purchaser pulls a tear strip to rip away two of three layers of paperboard spanning the width of the package. This removal permits relatively easy folding of the remaining paperboard layer. The package yields both the desired pre-purchase larger size to permit desired graphics and also inhibits shoplifting. The lesser size of the package after folding facilitates storage by the purchaser. The blank of FIG. 1 includes a first pair of panels (20, 22) in a first row, a second pair of panels (30, 28) in a second row, and a third pair of panels (14, 12) in a third row. The panels of the first pair are joined by a foldable joint (46). The panels of the second pair are joined by a first frangible connection in the form of a tear strip (40). The panels of the third pair are connected by a frangible connection in the form of a tear strip (35). A panel (28) in the second row has a cut-out (52) for receiving a compact disc. A panel (22) in the first pair is provided with a plastic hub or pintle (51) which extends through the usual central hole in a compact disc (83). The three rows of panels are sequentially folded and secured together to form a three layer laminate. Upper and lower lateral panels (16, 26 and 18, 24) are added to provide protection for the CD during distribution as well as additional space for graphics.

This invention relates to a package, and more particularly to a package for a compact disc (CD), a sound recording element formed typically of polycarbonate.
The packaging art is aware of constructions for compact discs. Currently, the worldwide standard CD package is a three-piece molded plastic box termed a jewel box. The jewel box is of thin parallelepiped shape having two trays hinged together, and a molded plastic insert for one of the trays, the insert having a shallow recess for receiving a CD. Graphics and information are printed on separate paper inserts which are enclosed within the jewel box. The jewel box fits into home storage units or containers. In the United States, the jewel box is enclosed in a paperboard longbox for distribution in retail display. The purpose of the additional longbox packaging is three-fold. The first is theft prevention, the second is sales promotion, and the third is compatibility with present retail display fixtures. The longbox is discarded by the consumer after purchase.


A cool storage material container of an evaporator with a cool storage function includes a container main body portion located within the range of a heat exchange core section in the air-passing direction and an outward projecting portion projecting from the container main body portion. A cool storage material containing portion provided in the cool storage material container has a first containing portion which is present in a region where only the container main body portion is provided, and a second containing portion which extends upward from the first containing portion and is present in a region where the container main body portion and the outward projecting portion are provided. The level of a cool storage material is located within the vertical range of the second containing portion in the case where the cool storage material is in liquid phase at ordinary temperature.

The present invention relates to an evaporator with a cool storage function.
For example, in order to protect the environment and improve fuel consumption of automobiles, there has been proposed an automobile designed to automatically stop the engine when the automobile stops, for example, to wait for a traffic light to change.
However, an ordinary car air conditioner has a problem in that, when an engine of an automobile in which the air conditioner is mounted is stopped, a compressor driven by the engine is stopped, and supply of refrigerant (medium for conveying cool) to an evaporator stops, whereby the cooling capacity of the air conditioner drops sharply.
As one measure to solve such a problem, imparting a cool storage function to the evaporator has been considered, to thereby enable cooling of a vehicle compartment by releasing the cool stored in the evaporator, when the compressor stops as a result of stoppage of the engine.
Such an evaporator with a cool storage function is known (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (kokai) No. 2011-12947). The known evaporator includes a plurality of tube pairs each of which is composed of two flat refrigerant flow tubes and which are disposed in a heat exchange core section of the evaporator such that they are spaced from one another in the thickness direction of the refrigerant flow tubes. The two flat refrigerant flow tubes of each pair are disposed such that their longitudinal direction coincides with the vertical direction, their width direction coincides with an air-passing direction, and they are spaced from each other in the air-passing direction. Each of clearances is formed between adjacent tube pairs. One cool storage material container charged with a cool storage material is disposed in each of a plurality of clearances which are a portion of all the clearances, and is brazed to the corresponding refrigerant flow tubes. One fin is disposed in each of the remaining clearances, and is brazed to the corresponding refrigerant flow tubes. The fin is disposed in at least one of the clearances on the opposite sides of the clearance in which the cool storage material container is disposed. The entirety of the cool storage material container is located within the range of the heat exchange core section in the air-passing direction. A cool storage material containing portion whose width in the air-passing direction is constant over the entire height of the cool storage material container is provided in the cool storage material container. A cool storage material is charged into the cool storage material containing portion.
In general, a paraffin-based latent heat storage material (e.g., pentadecane, tetradecane, or the like) whose freezing point is adjusted to about 5° C. to 10° C. is used as a cool storage material which is charged into cool storage material containers of such an evaporator with a cool storage function. For example, in the evaporator with a cool storage function disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 4043776, tetradecane whose melting point is 6° C. is used as a cool storage material which is charged into cool storage material containers.
However, within the range of temperature of an environment in which the evaporator is used (e.g., within a range of −40° C. to 90° C.), the density of the cool storage material in liquid phase changes and air remaining in each cool storage material container thermally expands. As a result, the cool storage material container may break due to the internal pressure, depending on the cool storage material charging ratio, which is the ratio of the volume of the charged cool storage material to the internal volume of one closed space in the cool storage material container. Accordingly, from the viewpoint of safety, the cool storage material charging ratio must be decreased.
Incidentally, in the evaporator with a cool storage function disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (kokai) No. 2011-12947, the entirety of each cool storage material container is located within the range of the heat exchange core section in the air-passing direction, the cool storage material containing portion whose width in the air-passing direction is constant over the entire height of the cool storage material container is provided in the cool storage material container, and the cool storage material is charged into the cool storage material containing portion. Therefore, in the case where the above-mentioned cool storage material charging ratio is set to a low value, the level of the cool storage material in liquid phase must be relatively low, and the following problem occurs. Namely, when the evaporator with a cool storage function is incorporated into an air conditioner for a vehicle together with a compressor and a condenser, in general, the evaporator is disposed in a vertical attitude in a casing such that the heat exchange core section is located in an air passage. Therefore, the cool storage material is not present in a relatively large portion of the cool storage material container on the upper side thereof. As a result, the upper portion of the cool storage material container cannot accumulate cool, which causes a problem in that, when the compressor stops, the temperature of air flowing through a portion of the heat exchange core section, which portion corresponds to the upper portions of the cool storage material containers where the cool storage material is not present, increases more quickly than the temperature of air flowing through the remaining portion of the heat exchange core section, which portion corresponds to the remaining portions of the cool storage material containers where the cool storage material is present, and blown air temperature, which is the temperature of air passing through the evaporator with a cool storage function varies greatly.


A substrate potential generating circuit can generate a lower substrate potential. The substrate potential generating circuit includes a clock signal generating circuit and first and second charge pump circuits. The first charge pump circuit including a p-channel MOS transistor having its source electrode connected to the semiconductor substrate applies a first negative potential to the drain electrode by capacitive coupling of a capacitor. The second charge pump circuit including first and second sub-charge pump circuit applies a third negative potential to the gate electrode when the first negative potential is applied to the drain electrode, and thereafter provides a second potential by lowering the third potential. As a result, the p-channel MOS transistor is turned on until a substrate potential is brought into a potential equal to the first potential applied to the drain electrode, lowering the substrate potential to the first potential.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to substrate potential generating circuits and semiconductor devices including the same, and particularly to a circuit applying a negative substrate potential to a p-type semiconductor substrate and a semiconductor device including the same.
2. Description of the Background Art
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing one example of a conventional substrate potential generating circuit employed in a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and the like. Referring to FIG. 10, the substrate potential generating circuit includes an oscillating circuit 30 and a charge pump circuit 40.
Oscillating circuit 30 includes an odd number of inverters 31 connected in series. The output terminal of the last inverter 31 connected to the input terminal of the first inverter 31. Respective inverters 31 are connected to a power supply potential node 10 supplied with a power supply V.sub.CC, and to a ground potential node 20 whose potential is a ground potential. Oscillating circuit 30 is thus constituted of a ring oscillator for providing a clock signal .PHI..sub.cp.
Charge pump circuit 40 includes an inverter 41, capacitors 42 and 43, and p-channel MOS transistors 45, 46 and 47. Inverter 41 receives the clock signal .PHI..sub.cp from oscillating circuit 30 to provide an inverted signal/.PHI..sub.cp of the clock signal .phi..sub.cp. One electrode of capacitor 42 receives the inverted signal/.PHI..sub.cp, and the other electrode thereof is connected to a first node 50. One electrode of capacitor 43 receives the clock signal .PHI..sub.cp, and the other electrode thereof is connected to a second node 44.
p-channel MOS transistor 45 is connected between second node 44 and ground potential node 20, and has its gate electrode connected to ground potential node 20. P-channel MOS transistor 46 is connected between first node 50 and ground potential node 20, and has its gate electrode connected to second node 44. p-channel MOS transistor 47 is connected between first node 50 and the p-type semiconductor substrate, and has its gate electrode connected to first node 50. Specifically, p-channel MOS transistor 47 is diode-connected, so as to allow conduction between first node 50 and the semiconductor substrate when a potential N.sub.1 of first node 50 is lower than a substrate potential V.sub.BB of the semiconductor substrate by an absolute value V.sub.th, or more, of the threshold voltage.
Charge pump circuit 40 thus receives the clock signal .PHI..sub.cp from oscillating circuit 30 to provide first node 50 with a prescribed negative potential, drawing off charges in the semiconductor substrate.
FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view showing a part of a semiconductor substrate on a main surface of which such a substrate potential generating circuit is formed. Referring to FIG. 11, the substrate potential generating circuit includes a p-type semiconductor substrate 50, an N-well 51, a P-well 52, an element isolation region 53, a source/drain 54, a backgate electrode 55, and a gate electrode 56.
N-well 51 is formed by implanting a donor, such as phosphorus, in p-type semiconductor substrate 50. P-well 52 is formed by implanting an acceptor, such as boron, in p-type semiconductor substrate 50. Element isolation region 53 formed of a thick oxide film isolates adjacent elements. Source/drain 54 is formed by implanting an acceptor, such as boron, in N-well 51. Back gate electrode 55 for applying a backgate potential to N-well 51 is formed by implanting a donor, such as arsenic, in N-well 51.
The operation of the substrate potential generating circuit will now be described with reference to FIG. 12.
Referring to FIG. 12(a), oscillating circuit 30 provides a clock signal .PHI..sub.cp changing periodically between an H level (a power supply potential V.sub.CC) and an L level (a ground potential GND). A substrate potential V.sub.BB of the semiconductor substrate is assumed to be approximately the ground potential at a timing t.sub.0 when the clock signal .PHI..sub.cp rises from an L level to an H level.
When the clock signal .PHI..sub.cp rises from an L level to an H level at the timing t.sub.0, a potential N.sub.2 of second node 44 rises, as shown in FIG. 12(d), by capacitive coupling of capacitor 43 receiving the clock signal .phi..sub.cp. When the potential N.sub.2 of second node 44 exceeds an absolute value V.sub.th1 of the threshold voltage of p-channel MOS transistor 45, however, p-channel MOS transistor 45 is rendered conductive. Accordingly, second node 44 and ground potential node 20 conduct, so that the potential N.sub.2 of second node 44 is the absolute value V.sub.th1 of the threshold voltage of p-channel MOS transistor 45. As a result, p-channel MOS transistor 46, the gate electrode of which receives the potential N.sub.2 of second node 44 is rendered non-conductive.
As shown in FIG. 12(b), inverter 41 receives the clock signal .PHI..sub.cp from oscillating circuit 30 to provide an inverted signal/.PHI..sub.cp. When the inverted signal/.PHI..sub.cp falls from an H level to an L level at the time t.sub.0, a potential N.sub.1 of first node 50 drops to a negative potential -k.sub.1 V.sub.CC, as shown in FIG. 12(c), by capacitive coupling of capacitor 42 receiving the inverted signal/.PHI..sub.cp. Here, k.sub.1 is a coupling efficiency between capacitor 42 and first node 50.
When the potential N.sub.1 of first node 50 attains k.sub.1 V.sub.CC, p-channel MOS transistor 47 is rendered conductive, allowing conduction between first node 50 and the semiconductor substrate, so that charges move from the semiconductor substrate to first node 50. The substrate potential V.sub.BB of the semiconductor substrate slightly drops from the ground potential GND, as shown in FIG. 12(e), because of the large capacity of the substrate. The potential N.sub.1 of first node greatly rises from -k.sub.1 V.sub.CC compared with the potential V.sub.BB, as shown in FIG. 12(c), because of the small capacity of node 50. When the potential N.sub.1 of first node 50 is lower than the substrate potential V.sub.BB by an absolute value V.sub.th2 of the threshold voltage of p-channel MOS transistor 47, p-channel MOS transistor 47 is rendered non-conductive.
As shown in FIG. 12(a), when the clock signal .PHI..sub.cp from oscillating circuit 30 falls from an H level to an L level at a timing t.sub.1, the potential N.sub.2 of second node 44 begins to drop from the potential V.sub.th1, as shown in FIG. 12(d), by capacitive coupling of capacitor 43 receiving the clock signal .PHI..sub.cp, rendering p-channel MOS transistor 45 non-conductive. The potential N.sub.2 of second node 44 attains (-kV.sub.CC +V.sub.th1), so that p-channel MOS transistor 46 whose gate receives the potential N.sub.2 of second node 44 is rendered conductive. When p-channel MOS transistor 46 is rendered conductive, first node 50 and ground potential node 20 conduct, so that the potential N.sub.1 of first node 50 attains the ground potential GND, as shown in FIG. 12(c), and p-channel MOS transistor 47 is held non-conductive.
As shown in FIG. 12(b), the inverted signal/.PHI..sub.cp provided from inverter 41 rises from an L level to an H level at the timing t.sub.1. However, the potential N.sub.1 of first node 50 will not rise by capacitive coupling of capacitor 42, since p-channel MOS transistor 46 is in the conductive state, allowing conduction between first node 50 and ground potential node 20.
As shown in FIG. 12(a), when the clock signal .PHI..sub.cp rises from an L level to an H level again at a timing t.sub.2, the potential N.sub.2 of second node 44 rises from the potential (-k.sub.2 V.sub.CC +V.sub.th1), as shown in FIG. 12(d), by capacitive coupling of capacitor 43 receiving the clock signal .PHI..sub.cp. However, when the potential N.sub.2 of second node 44 exceeds the absolute value V.sub.th1 of the threshold voltage of p-channel MOS transistor 45, p-channel MOS transistor 45 is rendered conductive, allowing conduction between second node 44 and ground potential node 20. Accordingly, the potential N.sub.2 of second node 44 is the absolute value V.sub.th1 of the threshold voltage of p-channel MOS transistor 45, so that p-channel MOS transistor 46 whose gate receives the potential N.sub.2 of second node 44 is rendered no-conductive.
As shown in FIG. 12(b), when the inverted signal/.PHI..sub.cp falls from an H level to L level at the timing t.sub.2, the potential N.sub.1 of first node 50 drops to the negative potential -k.sub.1 V.sub.CC, as shown in FIG. 12(c), by capacitive coupling of capacitor 42 receiving the inverted signal/.PHI..sub.cp, rendering p-channel MOS transistor 47 conductive. This allows conduction between first node 50 and the semiconductor substrate, whereby charges move from the semiconductor substrate to first node 50. The substrate potential V.sub.BB of the semiconductor substrate slightly drops from the potential at that time, as shown in FIG. 12(e), because of the large capacity of the substrate. The potential N.sub.1 of first node 50 greatly rises, as shown in FIG. 12(c), because of the small capacity of the node, and when the potential N.sub.1 attains a potential lower than the substrate potential V.sub.BB by the absolute value V.sub.th2 of the threshold voltage of p-channel MOS transistor 47, p-channel MOS transistor 47 is rendered non-conductive.
As described above, the substrate potential V.sub.BB of the semiconductor substrate drops for each rise of the clock signal .PHI..sub.cp from oscillating circuit 30 from an L level to an H level, to finally attain (-k.sub.1 V.sub.CC +V.sub.th2).
However, the absolute value V.sub.th2 of the threshold voltage of p-channel MOS transistor 47, when its gate width is 0.5 .mu.m, for example, will be 1.7V, considering a backgate effect. Since the absolute value V.sub.th2 of the threshold voltage of p-channel MOS transistor 47 attains a large value over 1V, the problem of insufficient decrease of the substrate potential V.sub.BB arises.
Generally, the level required as the substrate potential V.sub.BB is not defined to a single value, varying depending on the kind of the device. Accordingly, a substrate potential generating circuit capable of wide selection of the substrate potential V.sub.BB is desirable.
Specifically, when the power supply potential V.sub.CC is low, for example, 3.3V, the substrate potential V.sub.BB is no more than -1.6V (=-3.3+1.7), assuming that coupling efficiency k.sub.2 is approximately "1". Therefore, where -1.5V is required as the substrate potential V.sub.BB, the substrate potential (-1.5V) approximates to the substrate potential V.sub.BB (-1.6V) obtained by the conventional substrate potential generating circuit, thus approximates to the limit of its capability. Accordingly, in the case of a sub-leak current, it may be difficult even to ensure the potential of -1.6V. In the conventional substrate potential generating circuit, effects of the absolute value V.sub.th2 of the threshold voltage of p-channel MOS transistor 47 cannot be ignored, as the power supply potential V.sub.CC decreases.
In order to make the substrate potential V.sub.BB lower, the H level of the clock signal .PHI..sub.cp can be considered to be made higher than the power supply potential V.sub.CC. In this case, however, a potential difference {(1+k.sub.2) V.sub.CC -V.sub.th1 } is applied as stress between gate electrode 56 of p-channel MOS transistor 46 and N-well 51, as well as a potential difference {(1+k.sub.1) V.sub.CC -V.sub.th2 } is applied as stress between source electrode 54 connected to semiconductor substrate 50 of p-channel MOS transistor 47 and N-well 51, causing adverse effects on the reliability of each element.

Substrate potential generating circuit generating substrate potential of lower level and semiconductor device including the same


A crosslinkable quantum dot (QD) and a preparing method thereof, an array substrate made by using the crosslinkable quantum dot (QD) and a preparing method thereof are provided. The surface of the crosslinkable quantum dot has a pair of groups R1 and R2 capable of reacting to form a cross-linked network, or a group R3 capable of being cross-linked by a crosslinking agent to form a cross-linked network.

Active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) has been recognized as a promising display of the next generation to replace the liquid crystal display (LCD). However, with the consumers' increasing consumption level, display products with a high resolution have become prevailing. AMOLED products with a high resolution are difficult to compete with LCD, because the organic layer structures of the organic light emitting display are generally fabricated by a mask evaporation method which has problems such as malposition, low qualified rate, incapacity to emit light in a smaller area and incapacity to accurately control defects in the evaporation region, and thus fails to meet the requirement of high resolution display under rapid development. Meanwhile, the resolution of the organic light-emitting layer fabricated in a printing method rather than the mask evaporation method is extremely limited. Therefore, AMOLED products with a high resolution face serious problems of high technical difficulty, low qualified rate and high commodity price.
Quantum dots (QDs) are also called as nanocrystals, and are nanoparticles consisting of elements from Groups II-VI or Groups III-V. The particle diameter of quantum dots generally ranges from 1 nm to 20 nm. Because electrons and holes are subjected to quantum confinement, a continuous band structure changes into a discrete band structure and QDs may emit fluorescence after being excited.
With the development of quantum dot technologies, in-depth research on electroluminescent quantum dot light emitting diodes has been conducted. Quantum efficiency is increasingly improved and has basically reached an industrialization level. Further adopting new processes and technologies to realize industrialization has become a future trend. In prior arts, in order to improve the resolution of an OLED, line width in a mask process is required to be reduced for an OLED evaporation mask, and a higher precision print nozzle is required. Such requirements are difficult to be met in a mass production process. Accordingly, there is a need for a method for preparing quantum dot light emitting diodes in a large scale which may realize a high resolution, enhance the qualified rate and improve the utilization rate of quantum dots.

Crosslinkable quantum dot and preparing method thereof, array substrate and preparing method thereof


Quaternary ammonium salts prepared by reacting an alkenylsuccinimide with a monocarboxylic acid ester provide improved dispersancy in lubricating oils, as compared with the starting alkenylsuccinimides.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a novel class of detergent dispersant compounds which inhibit or prevent the formation of sludge or varnish in lubricants intended for use in the crankcase of internal combustion engines, gears and other power transmitting units. More specifically, the invention concerns compounds of the above described type which are prepared by a process offering the economic advantage of avoiding the formation of contaminating inorganic by-products and eliminates the need for special equipment in handling volatile and dangerous materials. The process further has the improved feature of employing a simplified purifying step.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The prior art to which this invention relates are U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,172,892 and 3,272,746, which describe the thermal reaction products of alkenylsuccinic anhydride with amines; and Japanese Pat. No. 7,342,603, which describes the preparation of quaternary ammonium salts from amines and carboxylic acid esters. The latter patent indicates that pyridine and methyl salicylate can be refluxed to yield 1-methylpyridinium salicylate and that the salicylates of Et.sub.3 N.sup.+ Me, PhCH.sub.2 N.sup.+ Et.sub.3, HOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 N.sup.+ MeEt.sub.2 ; methyl-ethyl-and propylisoquinolinium cations can be similarly prepared. Also relevant is coassigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,048,080 which describes and claims amine alkenylsuccinic acid or anhydride reaction products which can be used as one of the starting products here. This patent accordingly is incorporated by reference in the present disclosure.

Quaternary ammonium salts and lubricating oil containing said salts as dispersants


A dispersal valve and canister with the dispersal valve resiliently supporting a loaded canister in the dispersal valve. The canister includes a visual indicator to permit a user to determine when the canister needs to be replaced with the canister having an air pocket for retaining at least a portion of the dispersant above the liquid with the canister including sides to funnel the unused dispersant into the trough to displace the dispersant in the liquid that is dispersed into the liquid so that the rate of dispersant of dispensing material into the liquid remains substantially constant during a substantial portion of the time the dispersal valve dispenses material into the liquid.

A valve with a canister for dispersing materials into a liquid is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,662,387. Such dispersal valves are used to disperse a solid dispersant into a liquid. Typical applications are to disperse chlorine or bromine into a water supply to disinfect the water. In general, the prior art inline dispersal valve controls the rate of dispersant by controlling the amount of water flowing through a canister in the dispersal valve. The canister includes a removable top for inserting additional dispersant material in the canister. The present invention is an improvement to the dispersal valve shown in patent 4,662,387 by providing more precise control of the rate of dispersal over an extended period of time as well as providing a visual indication of when the dispersant in the canister is used up.


Provided is an electric vehicle capable of reciprocally supplying electricity with another vehicle which includes: a power connector; a communication connector; a DC/DC converter used for charging or discharging an internal battery pack; a charging relay for preventing an inrush current during charging; and a display. While moving at the same speed as the other vehicle, the electric vehicle is capable of performing charging or discharging when a connection is maintained between a power connector of the other vehicle and the power connector of the electric vehicle.

Vehicles driven by engines include a lot of components, for example, engines, transmission, drive shafts, hydraulic brakes, and engine-related parts such as fuel supply apparatuses, air injection and exhaust apparatuses, cooling and lubrication apparatuses, and anti-vibration apparatuses. Also, the vehicles have many problems including air contamination due to an exhaust gas. To address this problem, vehicles equipped with electric motors, hydrogen vehicles, or next-generation vehicles using fuel cells or solar energy are under development
However, in the case of electric vehicles, a charging infrastructure has not yet been sufficiently established and thus there is a problem that a solution to enable street charging when a battery charge amount is low during driving has not been separately provided. Thus, there is no method to deal with an emergency situation when electricity of an electric vehicle is discharged.

Method and device for reciprocally supplying electricity between electric vehicle and other vehicle


An information managing apparatus comprising memories for storing a single or plural application kits including no decision process and no data storage process. The application kits are defined only by an execution element routine. A software kit interface is provided for constructing the application kits independently of hardware and operating system. The software kit interface includes a library group for storing and processing a flow of the constructed application kits. The information managing apparatus also includes a BASE section for integrally managing temporary storage and process of information shared by the application kits, an operating system interface for supplying a function group to operate the application kits and the BASE section while completely separating the application kits from the hardware and the operating system, and an application program interface for operating with the software kit interface and the application program interface to provide coordination with the application kits with no modification of the memories storing a working sequence operable only with a specified operation system.

This invention relates to an information managing apparatus for integrated management of information or data used in performing work in a factory or office.
Computers are utilized to construct a factory or office automation system for integrated management of information and work. Normally, programs and data cannot be used mutually between different types of computer. It is now assumed that an original program is prepared to operate one type of computer used for automatic management of work in a factory A. The original program can be utilized for the automatic management in another factory B if the computer used for automatic management in the factory B is of the same type as the computer used in the factory A. Otherwise, the original program cannot be utilized without coordination of the original program with the computer used in the factory B. However, this coordination requires substantially the same amount of labor as required in preparing another program for the computer used in the factory B. If additional work is required in the factory B, some program segments should be incorporated into the coordinated program. Even when this incorporation is made with a small modification of the coordinated program, a considerable amount of labor is required to debug and the test the program. For these reasons, it is desirable to provide a multi vendor environment where the user can construct the factory or office automation system regardless of the operation system used in his/her computer.


Systems and methods are provided for delivering vagus nerve stimulation and carotid baroreceptor stimulation to patients for treating chronic heart failure and hypertension. The vagus nerve stimulation and carotid baroreceptor stimulation therapies may be provided using a single implantable pulse generator, which can coordinate delivery of the therapies.

Chronic heart failure (CHF) and other forms of chronic cardiac dysfunction (CCD) may be related to an autonomic imbalance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems that, if left untreated, can lead to cardiac arrhythmogenesis, progressively worsening cardiac function and eventual patient death. CHF is pathologically characterized by an elevated neuroexitatory state and is accompanied by physiological indications of impaired arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreflex function with reduced vagal activity.
CHF triggers compensatory activations of the sympathoadrenal (sympathetic) nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone hormonal system, which initially helps to compensate for deteriorating heart-pumping function, yet, over time, can promote progressive left ventricular dysfunction and deleterious cardiac remodeling. Patients suffering from CHF are at increased risk of tachyarrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation (AF), ventricular tachyarrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF)), and atrial flutter, particularly when the underlying morbidity is a form of coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, mitral valve prolapse, or other valvular heart disease. Sympathoadrenal activation also significantly increases the risk and severity of tachyarrhythmias due to neuronal action of the sympathetic nerve fibers in, on, or around the heart and through the release of epinephrine (adrenaline), which can exacerbate an already-elevated heart rate.
The standard of care for managing CCD in general continues to evolve. For instance, new therapeutic approaches that employ electrical stimulation of neural structures that directly address the underlying cardiac autonomic nervous system imbalance and dysregulation have been proposed. In one form, controlled stimulation of the cervical vagus nerve beneficially modulates cardiovascular regulatory function. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been used for the clinical treatment of drug-refractory epilepsy and depression, and more recently has been proposed as a therapeutic treatment of heart conditions such as CHF. For instance, VNS has been demonstrated in canine studies as efficacious in simulated treatment of AF and heart failure, such as described in Zhang et al., "Chronic Vagus Nerve Stimulation Improves Autonomic Control and Attenuates Systemic Inflammation and Heart Failure Progression in a Canine High-Rate Pacing Model," Circ Heart Fail 2009, 2, pp. 692-699 (Sep. 22, 2009), the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference. The results of a multi-center open-label phase II study in which chronic VNS was utilized for CHF patients with severe systolic dysfunction is described in De Ferrari et al., "Chronic Vagus Nerve Stimulation: A New and Promising Therapeutic Approach for Chronic Heart Failure," European Heart Journal, 32, pp. 847-855 (Oct. 28, 2010).
VNS therapy commonly requires implantation of a neurostimulator, a surgical procedure requiring several weeks of recovery before the neurostimulator can be activated and a patient can start receiving VNS therapy. Even after the recovery and activation of the neurostimulator, a full therapeutic dose of VNS is not immediately delivered to the patient to avoid causing significant patient discomfort and other undesirable side effects. Instead, to allow the patient to adjust to the VNS therapy, a titration process is utilized in which the intensity is gradually increased over a period of time under a control of a physician, with the patient given time between successive increases in VNS therapy intensity to adapt to the new intensity. As stimulation is chronically applied at each new intensity level, the patient's tolerance threshold, or tolerance zone boundary, gradually increases, allowing for an increase in intensity during subsequent titration sessions. The titration process can take significantly longer in practice because the increase in intensity is generally performed by a physician or other healthcare provider, and thus, for every step in the titration process to take place, the patient has to visit the provider's office to have the titration performed. Scheduling conflicts in the provider's office may increase the time between titration sessions, thereby extending the overall titration process, during which the patient in need of VNS does not receive the VNS at the full therapeutic intensity.
CHF patients frequently also suffer from hypertension. The use of implantable systems for electrically stimulating the carotid sinus has been proposed for the treatment of hypertension. These systems utilize a pulse generator implanted subcutaneously near the collarbone and carotid sinus leads placed on the carotid arteries to deliver stimulation to the carotid baroreceptors. The use of these systems has also been proposed for promoting the reversal of ventricular remodeling in subjects with advanced heart failure.
Accordingly, there is a need remains for improved treatment methods utilizing stimulation therapies for treating chronic cardiac dysfunction and other conditions.

Vagus nerve and carotid baroreceptor stimulation system


A D/A converter (10) converts a digitized analog signal (32) to an analog signal (50). The D/A converter (10) includes first filtering stage (12), second filtering stage (14), and reduced-bit D/A converter (16). The first filtering stage (12) operates at a first sampling rate (25), interpolates the digitized analog signal (32) from an initial sampling rate to a first sampling rate (25), performs an anti-alias filter, and performs a first comb filtering function. The second filtering stage (14) operates at a second sampling rate (46), interpolates the digitized analog signal (32) to the second sampling rate (46), performs a second comb filtering function, and performs a noise shaper filter to produce a reduced-bit second sampling rate signal (48). The reduced-bit D/A converter (16) converts the second sampling rate signal (48) to an analog signal (50).

The conversion of signals from an analog format to a digitized format and back to an analog format has been known for many years. Typical applications wherein digital-to-analog (D/A) and analog-to-digital (A/D) signal conversion equipment is used include telephone systems, audio/visual systems, television systems, other telecommunication systems, and many other varied applications requiring the conversion of signals from one format to another.
In many situations, in the transmission of analog signals, it is advantageous to digitize the analog signal, transmit the digitized analog signal over a communications link, receive the digitized analog signal, convert the digitized analog signal to an analog signal, and convey the analog signal. For example, in digital telephone systems, an analog signal is generated by a local user, digitized using a coder/decoder (CODEC) into a digitized analog signal, transmitted in a digitized format to a receiving location over a digitized link, transformed from the digitized format back into an analog format at the receiving location with another CODEC, and provided to the remote user in an analog format. The conversion of analog signals to a digital representation enables the use of digital processing elements for manipulation of the signal.
As is the case with any telecommunications environment, a telephone system defines a frequency bandwidth for its operation. In many phone systems, the frequency bandwidth is 0 to 4 kHz which provides sufficient bandwidth for the usual conversations transmitted across the telephone link.
At a transmitting location, a CODEC or other converter converts an analog signal received from the user into a digitized analog signal. The bandwidth of interest extends only to 4 kHz, and preserving all of the information up to 4 kHz requires sampling the signal at the Nyquist rate of 8 kHz, which is twice the maximum frequency of interest. In standard telephone systems, the signal sampled at a sampling rate of 8 kHz is represented by 13 bits of binary data at each sampling interval, the 13 bits representing the magnitude of each digitized analog signal sample. The digitized analog signal is then transmitted across a digital link and received by a receiving CODEC.
The conversion of signals from a digitized format to an analog format is difficult to perform when a large number of bits, such as 13, represents the value of each sample. This difficulty is greatly reduced as the number of bits used to represent the signal for conversion is reduced. Oversampling Converters have been developed to make use of the fact that a trade-off exists between the sampling frequency of a digitized signal and the number of bits required to represent it. When a higher sampling frequency is used to digitize an analog signal, fewer bits are required to accurately preserve the information.
A technique known as "noise shaping" increases the performance of oversampling converters by modifying the frequency response of the quantization noise introduced when the number of bits used to represent a signal is reduced by increasing the sampling rate. By using noise shaping, the quantization noise in the frequency band of interest (i.e., 0 to 4 kHz in telephone systems) is reduced, while the quantization noise at frequencies close to the sampling frequency increases. Thus, oversampling converters which employ noise shaping allow for the reduction in the number of bits needed to represent a signal. In some applications, this type of system will allow the number of bits required per sample to be reduced to a single bit.
In Oversampling Converters with Noise Shaping, the increase in the sampling frequency (known as interpolation) is usually carried out in two or more steps. This makes the elimination of frequency aliases (images of the signal of interest at multiples of the initial sampling frequency) more tractable. In a typical system, a small interpolation step is used to reach an intermediate sampling frequency, and a large interpolation step is used to reach the final sampling rate. In one example system, a first linear interpolator increases the sampling rate from 8 kHz to 32 kHz, a factor-of-four interpolation step. A linear interpolator increases the sampling rate by taking each sample at the initial sampling rate and repeating it, at the target sampling rate, the number of times equal to the interpolation step.
As is known in the art, the interpolation process introduces aliases at each multiple of the initial sampling frequency up to the intermediate frequency. Thus, in systems where the digitized signal has been interpolated from 8 kHz to 32 kHz, aliases of the analog signal are centered at 8 kHz, 16 kHz, 24 kHz, and 32 kHz. To remove the aliases, the digitized analog signal is passed through an anti-alias filter. Once the signal is alias filtered, it is interpolated again to a much higher frequency. In a common application, the digitized analog signal that is sampled at 32 kHz at an intermediate sampling rate is interpolated to a sampling frequency of 1 MHz, a factor-of-32 interpolation.
The removal of aliases introduced by this second interpolation presents a different problem due to the high frequency of the resulting signal. For example, the processing requirements of conventional base-band filters make their use impractical. A linear interpolator provides some alias removal around multiples of the intermediate frequency, but in some applications, the amount of removal may not be sufficient. A comb interpolator, or comb filter, provides superior performance for the removal of frequency aliases, but at the expense of additional hardware.
Once the digitized signal has been interpolated to a final sampling rate, it is then input to a noise shaper filter, which enables a reduction in the number of bits used to represent each sample. As mentioned before, this occurs at the expense of quantization noise that is introduced at frequencies that are outside the band of interest. For instance, in a sigma-delta noise shaper used in the digital-to-analog path in telephony applications, the frequency band from 0 to 4 kHz is not significantly affected by the quantization noise introduced by the noise shaper filter. Thus, the output of the noise shaper filter is a bit-reduced, high frequency, digitized analog signal that is provided to a digital-to-analog converter to produce an analog signal.
A major drawback of prior-art oversampling digital-to-analog converters was that the aliased signals introduced in the second interpolation step are difficult and expensive to remove with circuits known in the art. Furthermore, the less expensive option of linear interpolation provides inferior performance in the removal of such alias components. As stated, the alias signals contained in the digitized analog signal create noise in the analog signal and degrade the performance of the entire system in which they reside.
Thus, there is a need in the art for circuitry and a related methodology for removing aliased signals from a digitized analog signal in a digital-to-analog converter in a cost effective manner.

Method and apparatus for interpolation and noise shaping in a signal converter


The present invention provides a drilling assembly with a stabilization system that stabilizes at least a section of the drilling assembly as a function of one or more downhole measured parameters or parameters of interest. One or more sensors carried by the drilling assembly measure the desired parameters of interest and a control system controls the stabilizer system in response to one or more determined parameters of interest to provide desired stabilization of a section of the drilling assembly. Measurement-while-drilling sensors whose measurements are affected by the parameters of interest are preferably disposed in the stabilized section. In one embodiment, the stabilization system includes at least two axially spaced apart stabilizers. Each such stabilizer includes a plurality of independently adjustable members that radially extend from the drilling assembly to exert force on the wellbore inside. A control circuit processes the signals from the sensors and in response thereto causes a power unit to independently adjust the force applied by the adjustable members so as to maintain a parameter of interest below a predetermined value. The measurement-while-drilling sensors take measurements while the stabilization system is activated, which may be during the drilling of the wellbore or during retrieval of the drilling assembly from the wellbore. In an alternative embodiment, the stabilization system includes only one stabilizer that may contain a plurality of independently adjustable members.

1.Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to measurement-while-drilling systems and more particularly to a stabilization system on a drill string that improves the quality of formation evaluation measurements.
2. Background of the Art
To obtain hydrocarbons such as oil and gas, a drilling assembly (also referred to as the "bottom hole assembly" or the "BHA") carrying a drill bit at its bottom end is conveyed into the wellbore or borehole. The drilling assembly is usually conveyed into the wellbore by a coiled-tubing or a drill pipe. In the case of the coiled-tubing, the drill bit is rotated by a drilling motor or "mud motor" which provides rotational force when a drilling fluid is pumped from the surface into the coiled-tubing. In the case of the drill pipe, it rotated by a power source (usually an electric motor) at the surface, which rotates the drill pipe and thus the drill bit.
Bottom hole assemblies generally include several formation evaluation sensors for determining various parameters of the formation surrounding the BHA during the drilling of the wellbore. Such sensors includes sensors for measuring the resistivity, dielectric constant, water saturation, porosity, permeability, density and other properties of the formation surrounding the wellbore. Such bottom hole assemblies also include devices to determine the BHA inclination and azimuth, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, gamma ray devices, and devices that aid in orienting the drill bid a particular direction and to change the drilling direction. Acoustic and resistivity devices have been proposed for determining bed boundaries around and in some cases in front of the drill bit.
One or more stabilizers are disposed on the drilling assembly to stabilize the drilling assembly against excessive vibrations of the drilling assembly caused by the cutting action of the drill bit. Stabilizers are usually pads that extend outward from the drilling assembly and come in contact with the borehole. Independently operated pads or ribs that can selectively apply force to the borehole inside have been proposed for altering the drilling direction, i.e., for geosteering the drill bid for directional drilling.
However, certain measurements relating to the formation evaluation parameters, such as nuclear magnetic resonance ("NMR") measurements, are very sensitive to any distortion of the magnetic field in the formation, which occur due to the movement of the magnets caused by normal vibrations of the BHA, even when commonly known multiple stabilizers are used. It is thus desirable to have a stabilization system that would automatically stabilize at least a section of the drill string containing sensors whose quality of measurement are susceptible to vibrations below a predetermined level during the drilling of the wellbore. The present invention addresses the above-noted need and provides a stabilization system for measurement-while-drilling sensors.

Stabilization system for measurement-while-drilling sensors


Various methods for laminating a high quality transparency which consist of the steps: creating an imaged receiver sheet (140) with a first support layer (150); laminating an imageless second receiver sheet (160) with an second support layer (170) to the imaged receiver sheet (140) thereby encapsulating the image (290); removing the first support layer (150) thereby forming an image sheet (180); laminating the image sheet (180) to a clear plastic base (190), and removing the second support layer (170).

The present invention relates to the art of pre-press proofing, and in particular, to a method of preparing high quality transparencies using a method similar to that which is used to create pre-press proofs, such as by the use of pressure and heat to laminate media together.
Pre-press proofing is a procedure that is used primarily by the printing industry for creating representative images of printed material. In the printing industry pre-press proofs are used to check for color balance, control parameters and other important image quality requirements, without the cost and time that is required to actually produce printing plates, set up a printing press and produce an example of an representative image, which would result in higher costs and a loss of profits that would ultimately be passed on to the customer.
To create a pre-press proof, first an original image is separated into individual color separations or digital files. The original image is scanned and separated into the three subtractive primaries and black. Typically, a color scanner is used to create the color separations or digital files and in some instances more than four, color separations or digital files are used. Although there are several ways used in the printing industry to create a pre-press proof from the color separations or digital files they are generally one of three types. The first method involves a color overlay system that employs the representative image on a separate base for each color, which is then overlaid to create a pre-press proof. The second method involves a single integral sheet process in which the separate colors for the representative image are transferred one at a time by lamination onto a single base, and a third method involves a digital method in which the representative image is produced directly onto a receiver stock, or onto an intermediate sheet then transferred by lamination onto a receiver stock from digital files.
The representative image to be laminated can be, but is not limited to, being created on a commercially available Kodak image processing apparatus, depicted in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,268,708 which describes an image processing apparatus having half-tone color imaging capabilities. The above-mentioned image processing apparatus is arranged to form a representative image onto a sheet of thermal print media. Dye from a sheet of dye donor material is transferred to the thermal print media, by applying a sufficient amount of thermal energy to the dye donor sheet material to form the representative image. The image processing apparatus is comprised generally of a material supply assembly, which includes a lathe bed scanning subsystem. The scanning subsystem includes: a lathe bed scanning frame, translation drive, translation stage member, printhead, imaging drum and media exit transports.
The operation of the image processing apparatus comprises: metering a length of the thermal print media (in roll form) from the material supply assembly. The thermal print media is then measured and cut into sheet form of the required length and transported to the imaging drum, registered, wrapped around and secured onto the imaging drum. Next, a length of dye donor material (in roll form) is also metered out of the material supply assembly, then measured and cut into sheet form of the required length. The material is then transported to the imaging drum, wrapped around the imaging drum utilizing a load roller which is described in detail, in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,268,708, such that it is superposed into the desired registration with respect to the thermal print media (which has already been secured to the imaging drum).
After the dye donor sheet material is secured to the periphery of the imaging drum, the scanning subsystem or write engine provides the imaging function. This imaging function is accomplished by retaining the thermal print media and the dye donor sheet material on the imaging drum while it is rotated past the printhead. The translation drive traverses the printhead and translation stage member axially along the axis of the imaging drum, in coordinated motion with the rotating imaging drum. These movements combine to produce the representative image on the thermal print media.
Once a representative image has been formed on the thermal print media, the dye donor sheet material is then removed from the imaging drum. This is accomplished without disturbing the thermal print media that is beneath it. The dye donor sheet material is then transported out of the image processing apparatus by means of the material exit transport. Additional dye donor sheet materials are sequentially superimposed with the thermal print media on the imaging drum, and then imaged onto the thermal print media as previously mentioned, until the representative image is completed onto the thermal print media. The completed representative image formed thereon is then unloaded from the imaging drum and transported by the receiver sheet material exit transport to an exit tray in the exterior of the image processing apparatus.
After a representative image has been formed on the thermal print media as previously described, it is then transferred to the receiver stock such that the pre-press proof is representative of an image that would be printed on a printing press. A Kodak Laminator as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,478,434 can be used to bond or laminate the representative image as a part of a color proofing system, but bonding is not limited to such a device. U.S. Pat. No. 5,203,942 describes a Kodak Laminator that employs a lamination/de-lamination system as applied to a drum laminator and pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/676,877, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,463,981 describes a Kodak Laminator that employs endless belts incorporated into the lamination apparatus. For the purpose of this patent application the laminator described in pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/676,877, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,463,981, will be used. It should be noted that the present invention described in this disclosure is not limited to a Kodak Laminator or type of laminator referenced above.
Generally laminating a pre-press proof is a two-pass process. For the first step, a sheet of pre-laminate, which has a pre-laminate support layer and an encapsulation or protective layer, is placed on top of a receiver sheet, which is also called xe2x80x9creceiver stockxe2x80x9d in the industry. This construction of multiple layers is a lamination sandwich, which is fed into the laminator. Once the lamination sandwich exits the laminator the pre-laminate support layer is peeled away from the now pre-laminated receiver stock.
For the second pass, the imaged thermal print media with the representative image formed thereon is placed on the pre-laminated receiver stock with representative image face down on the pre-laminated receiver stock and fed into the laminator. After the lamination sandwich has exited the laminator, the thermal print support layer is peeled away, leaving the completed pre-press proof simulating an image produced on a printing press.
Though the above-described lamination method works well for both laser thermal ink jet pre-press proofs, there exists a need for high quality transparences.
The present invention provides a method for producing high quality transparences. Specifically, the invention involves laminating a transparency consisting of the steps of: creating an imaged receiver sheet having an image, a first thermal print layer, and a first support layer; consisting of a first support base, first aluminized layer, and a first release layer. Laminating the imaged receiver sheet to an imageless receiver sheet with a second thermal print layer and a second support layer; consisting of a second support base, second aluminized layer, and a second release layer, thereby encapsulating the image; removing the first support layer thereby forming an image sheet; laminating the image sheet to a clear plastic base, and removing the second support layer, forming a transparency.
The invention further involves a method for laminating a transparency consisting of the steps of: laminating a clear plastic base to a clear receiver sheet having a first thermal print layer and a first support layer; consisting of a first support base and first release layer, removing the first support layer forming a prelaminated construction; creating an imaged receiver sheet having an image, a thermal print layer, and the second support layer, consisting of a second support base, aluminized layer and second release layer. Laminating the pre-laminated construction with the imaged receiver sheet, thereby encapsulating the image; and removing the second support layer, forming a transparency.
The invention also relates to a method for laminating a transparency consisting of the steps of: creating an imaged receiver sheet having an image, a thermal print layer, and a support layer; consisting of a support base, aluminized layer and release layer, laminating a clear plastic base to the imaged receiver sheet; and removing the first support layer, forming a transparency.
Finally, the invention also relates to a method for proofing a transparency, consisting of the steps of: creating an imaged receiver sheet with an image, a first thermal print layer, a support layer; consisting of a support base, aluminized layer and first release layer; laminating a clear receiver sheet with a second thermal print layer, a clear support layer consisting of; a clear support base and second release layer with the imaged receiver sheet, thereby encapsulating the image; removing the first support layer forming a transparency; viewing the transparency for image quality; and if the image is acceptable to the user, laminating the transparency to a receiver stock, removing the clear support if desired, forming a pre-press proof.
The invention, and its objects and advantages, will become more apparent, in the detailed description of the preferred embodiments presented below.

Method for laminating high quality transparencies


A game controller board holder for holding a game controller board of the type having a housing and a cord extending from the housing is disclosed herein. The holder includes a platform for supporting the game controller board placed on the platform. The platform has a first surface for engaging the game controller board housing, and retainers releasably secure the housing to the platform.

This invention relates generally to a game controller board holder capable of holding a game controller board of the type having a housing and a cord extending from the housing.
Home video games frequently have controller boards which are electrically connected to a game monitor by one or more flexible cords. Typically, game monitors are television sets which are also used for game use. Depending on the type of game, there may also be a connection from the game controller board to the power source if the controller board requires an independent electrical connection. The controller boards are generally of the type having a housing with keys on the top surface of the housing for activating and playing a game viewed on the monitor. A joystick may also be provided on the top surface of the housing for playing games. After using or playing with the game controller board, children often leave the board and the various cords which connect the different components scattered on the floor where they are unsightly and also subject to being damaged. Even if the game controller board is put away, the presence of the cord makes it difficult to store neatly, and the internal components can still be damaged by a magnetic field associated with the electrical power cord if the cord is wrapped around the board. Accordingly, there is a need in the electronic game industry for a game controller board holder for storing a game controller board.


This semiconductor memory device comprises: a memory cell array including plural bit lines, plural word lines intersecting the plurality of bit lines, and memory cells provided at intersections of the plural bit lines and the plural word lines; and a control unit operative to control a voltage applied to the bit line and the word line. The control unit, when performing a certain operation consecutively on a plurality of the memory cells, selects a first bit line selected from among the plural bit lines and a first word line selected from among the plural word lines to perform a first operation on a first memory cell. Then, in a subsequent second operation following this first operation, selects a second bit line different from the first bit line and a second word line different from the first word line to select a second memory cell.

In recent years, resistance varying memory has been receiving attention as a successor candidate of flash memory. Resistance varying memory usually has a cross-point type structure configured having memory cells arranged in a matrix at intersections of a plurality of bit lines and a plurality of word lines intersecting these bit lines, the memory cell comprising a variable resistance element.
Such a cross-point type resistance varying memory is configured such that in a selected memory cell, a voltage is applied to the selected memory cell to cause flow of a current sufficient to cause a resistance change of the variable resistance element, while in an unselected memory cell, a current is prevented from flowing by a selection function of a selection element. An increase in leak current in the unselected memory cell causes malfunction of the resistance varying memory and increases power consumption.

Semiconductor memory device and operation method thereof


A discharge mechanism for a silo comprising an entry chamber adapted to be in communication with the silo interior and having a directing member mounted in the entry chamber, for rotary movement about a vertical axis, to direct flowable material in the entry chamber through a discharge passage in a bottom wall of the chamber.

This invention relates to a discharge means for a storage container for flowable material such as freely flowable such as powder or granular material, for example grain, or material of restrictive flowability or cohesive material, for example cement, damp sand, sludges, coagulative, or fibrous materials or the like, hereinafter referred to as a silo.
Hitherto a silo has been provided with a downwardly converging discharge portion which defines an entry chamber in communication with the silo interior and having a generally cone-shaped obstructing member disposed therein to define a ring-shaped discharge passage between the base of the cone shaped member and the converging discharge portion and means being provided to vibrate or otherwise agitate the discharge portion and/or the cone-shaped member to facilitate discharge flow of material through the ring-shaped passage.
Such discharge means suffer from the disadvantage that bridging of the material may occur or, alternatively, material may flow from the centre only, inducing core flow, and either of these disadvantages can lead to inconsistencies in the discharge.
An object of the invention is to provide a new and improved discharge means in or for a silo.


A substrate attachment device of a display device and a method for manufacturing the display device using the same are disclosed. The substrate attachment device of the display device includes a guide unit which is curvedly disposed, a first support unit which moves forward and backwards along the guide unit and transfers a cover substrate having a curved surface, a second support unit which is disposed on the guide unit, moves forward and backwards, and transfers a display panel, and a roller unit which rotates so that the cover substrate having the curved surface is attached to the display panel.

1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the invention relate to a substrate attachment device of a display device and a method for manufacturing the display device using the same.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
The market of flat panel displays used as media between users and information is increasing with the development of information technology. Hence, the use of flat panel displays, such as an organic light emitting display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), an electrophoretic display, and a plasma display panel (PDP), is increasing.
Out of the above flat panel displays, the organic light emitting display, the liquid crystal display, and the electrophoretic display may be used as a flexible display by adding flexibility to them. Hence, in the flat panel displays, various studies including a method for displaying an image on a display panel, which is formed in the form of a curved surface, are being continuously carried out.
The method for displaying the image on the display panel after the display panel is formed in the form of the curved surface is substantially the same as a method used in an existing flat panel display. Only, the method for displaying the image on the curved display panel is different from the existing method in that a substrate may be formed of metal, plastic, etc. instead of glass.
However, there is no lamination equipment for attaching a curved cover substrate to the display panel so as to manufacture the curved display panel in a related art. Thus, in the related art, the curved cover substrate was attached to the display panel using a roller-to-stage manner used to manufacture a flat display panel.
However, when the curved cover substrate is attached to the display panel using the related art equipment, bubbles are generated between the display panel and the curved cover substrate. Even when a defoamation process is performed on the bubbles generated between the display panel and the curved cover substrate, the bubbles are not easily removed. Thus, a method for solving the problem is required.

Substrate attachment device of display device and method for manufacturing display device using the same


An injection molding resin gear includes: a tooth portion having teeth formed on an outer peripheral portion thereof; a shaft supporting portion formed around a center of rotation; and a web that connects the tooth portion and the shaft supporting portion, wherein the web includes a concave and convex portion having a concave portion formed on a first surface and a convex portion formed on a second surface formed at a position corresponding to the concave portion, and one of the concave portion or the convex portion of the concave and convex portion includes a gate point, and the concave and convex portions include a thinned portion at radial end portion in a radial cross section passing through the center of rotation of the concave and convex portion.

Field of the Invention
This disclosure relates to an injection molding resin gear and a method of manufacturing the injection molding resin gear and, more specifically, to an injection molding resin gear including a tooth portion having teeth formed on an outer periphery thereof, a shaft supporting portion formed around a center of rotation, and a web that connects the tooth portion and the shaft supporting portion.
Description of the Related Art
In the related art, a number of injection molding resin gears are used as a power transmitting component for machines such as copying machines and printers. In this field of application, requirement of accuracy of the injection molding resin gears is significantly increased for improving the quality of printing.
The injection molding resin gear is molded by infusing resin from multi-point gates opening on a web surface. In this case, since the resin infused from the gates is filled in a cavity radially, the resin reaches the tooth portion on an outer peripheral portion earlier than an intermediate position between the gates in the circumferential direction of a gear at positions matching the gates in the circumferential direction of the gear, so that resin filling to the tooth portion becomes uneven, which adversely affects a tooth plane accuracy standardized by an engagement error (Japanese Gear Manufacturers Association standard number 116-02 (JGMA 116-02)) or the like.
As a method of enhancing the accuracy of the injection molding resin gear, a method of disposing an annular groove shape for rectification at a position in the midcourse of a resin flow to rectify the flow is known. As described in Japanese Patent No. 4173053, a method of disposing a groove shape in the vicinity of the gates to restrain a resin flow (known technology) is reported. Alternatively, as described in Japanese Patent Laid Open No. 2011-31470, a method of forming a rib so as to project upright on a portion on the outer peripheral side of the gates of the web, adjusting the height of the rib so as to be high at positions corresponding to the gates and low in the intermediate positions between the gates in the circumferential direction to form buffering areas which diverse the resin flow from the gates toward the outer peripheral portion, whereby complementing resin reaching timing to the outer peripheral portion of a mold is reported.
However, with the annular groove shape for rectification provided in the midcourse of the flow of the related art or with the method of disposing the groove shape in the vicinity of the gates as described in Japanese Patent No. 4173053, in order to obtain an advantage of sufficient improvement of tooth plane accuracy, if the web is a gear having a large diameter and a large thickness, no problem arises. However, since achievement of high-accuracy and compact configuration is in progress, in the case of high accuracy injection molding resin gear having an outer diameter as small as Φ30 mm to Φ45 mm and a thickness of 1.5 to 2.0 mm such as color printers and copying machines of the recent years, if the groove for achieving the effect of rectification is disposed, there arises a problem of lowering of the strength of the gear due to the thinning of the groove portion, and lowering of accuracy of a tooth plane and the shaft supporting portion because the groove shape is provided as a position close thereto.
In Japanese Patent Laid Open No. 2011-31470, since the rib is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the gate, an influence on the accuracy of the tooth plane is a concern in the case of the injection molding resin gear having a small diameter. In addition, in order to obtain a sufficient effect, the thickness of the rib needs to be increased, and hence deformation of the web is a concern. Alternatively, the height of the web needs to be changed right below the rib, so that the flexibility of a design may be reduced.
In this manner, in the related art, there is a problem of unevenness due to resin flow caused by the arrangement of the gates in the web.

Injection molding resin gear and method of manufacturing the same