The present invention provides a solid state electrolytic capacitor having an improved anode lead terminal having first and second side edges distanced from each other in a longitudinal direction of the anode lead terminal, wherein a center position on the first side edge is retracted from opposite side positions on the top edge, and the opposite side positions are distanced in a perpendicular direction to the longitudinal direction.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a solid state electrolytic capacitor and a method of forming the same, and more particularly to a solid state electrolytic capacitor with an improved anode lead terminal and a method of forming the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
A chip type solid state electrolytic capacitor has been known as one of the solid state electrolytic capacitors. FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a partial internal structure of a conventional chip type solid state electrolytic capacitor. FIG. 2 is a cross sectional elevation view of the conventional chip type solid state electrolytic capacitor of FIG. 1. The internal structure of the conventional chip type solid state electrolytic capacitor will hereinafter be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
The chip type solid state electrolytic capacitor 7 has a cathode lead terminal 1, a device pellet 3, and an anode lead terminal 6. The device pellet 3 has a cathode layer. The cathode lead terminal 1 is adhered via an electrically conductive adhesive agent 8 to the cathode layer of the device pellet 3. The device pellet 3 also has an pellet lead wire 4 which is welded through a weld-bonding portion 5 to the anode lead terminal 6. The capacitor 7 is encapsulated with an encapsulating resin 2, wherein respective parts of the cathode lead terminal 1 and the anode lead terminal 6 are exposed from the encapsulating resin 2. The exposed parts of the cathode lead terminal 1 and the anode lead terminal 6 extend along opposite side walls of the encapsulating resin 2 and along bottom recesses of the encapsulating resin 2.
FIG. 3A is a cross sectional elevation view of unassembled original cathode and anode lead terminals prior to assembling or fabricating process to form the conventional chip type solid state electrolytic capacitor of FIG. 1. FIG. 3B is a plan view of unassembled original cathode and anode lead terminals of FIG. 3A. The unassembled original cathode lead terminal 1 has a modified flat level with a step-like bent portion in cross sectional view. The unassembled original anode lead terminal 6 has a just flat level in cross sectional view. In plan view, the unassembled original cathode and anode lead terminals 1 and 6 have the same plan shape as each other.
Plural cathode lead terminals 1 extend from a cathode side lead frame portion 9a in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the cathode side lead frame portion 9a. The plural cathode lead terminals 1 extend in parallel to each other and are aligned in a constant pitch in the longitudinal direction of the cathode side lead frame portion 9a.
Each of the cathode lead terminals 1 has a plan shape which comprises a base portion 1a, a narrowed intermediate portion 1b and a top portion 1c. The base portion 1a extends from the cathode side lead frame portion 9a. The base portion 1a has a constant width. The base portion 1a is flat. The narrowed intermediate portion 1b extends from the base portion 1a. The narrowed intermediate portion 1b has a reduced width. The narrowed intermediate portion 1b is flat. The top portion 1c extends from the intermediate portion 1b. The top portion 1c has a rectangle shape with the same width as the base portion 1a. The top portion 1c is not flat, and is bent in step-like shape in cross sectional view. The top portion 1c has a top edge defined by a straight line parallel to the longitudinal direction of the cathode side lead frame portion 9a.
Plural anode lead terminals 6 extend from an anode side lead frame portion 9b in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the anode side lead frame portion 9b. The plural anode lead terminals 6 extend in parallel to each other and are aligned in a constant pitch in the longitudinal direction of the anode side lead frame portion 9b. This pitch is the same as the pitch of the cathode lead terminals 1.
Each of the anode lead terminals 6 has the same plan shape as the cathode lead terminals 1. The anode lead terminal 6 comprises a base portion 6a, a narrowed intermediate portion 6b and a top portion 6c. The base portion 6a extends from the anode side lead frame portion 9b. The base portion 6a has a constant width. The base portion 6a is flat. The narrowed intermediate portion 6b extends from the base portion 6a. The narrowed intermediate portion 6b has a reduced width. The narrowed intermediate portion 6b is flat. The top portion 6c extends from the intermediate portion 6b. The top portion 6c has a rectangle shape with the same width as the base portion 6a. The top portion 6c is flat. The top portion 6c has a top edge defined by a straight line parallel to the longitudinal direction of the anode side lead frame portion 9b.
A set of the cathode side and anode side lead frame portions 9a and 9b, the plural cathode and anode lead terminals 1 and 6 forms a single lead frame 9.
FIG. 4A is a fragmentary plan view of an anode lead terminal which is weld-bonded through an pellet lead wire to a device pellet, wherein the pellet lead wire is parallel to the anode lead terminal. FIG. 4B is a fragmentary plan view of an anode lead terminal which is weld-bonded through an pellet lead wire to a device pellet, wherein the pellet lead wire is tilted with reference to the anode lead terminal.
As illustrated in FIG. 4A, the pellet lead wire 4 is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the anode lead terminal 6 and perpendicular to the top straight edge of the anode lead terminal 6. An overlap region 4d between the pellet lead wire 4 and the anode lead terminal 6 is the desired one. This desired overlap region 4d ensures a sufficient and uniform area for obtaining a sufficient and uniform weld-bonding strength.
As illustrated in FIG. 4B, the pellet lead wire 4 is not parallel to and tilted from the longitudinal direction of the anode lead terminal 6. The pellet lead wire 4 is not perpendicular to the top straight edge of the anode lead terminal 6. An overlap region 4c between the pellet lead wire 4 and the anode lead terminal 6 is the undesirable one. This undesirable overlap region 4e is smaller in area than the above desired one. This undesirable overlap region 4e obtains an insufficient and non-uniform area for obtaining an insufficient and non-uniform weld-bonding strength.
In order to avoid the problem shown in FIG. 4B, the length of the pellet lead wire 4 is increased to increase the overlap area 4e for the purpose of obtaining the sufficient and uniform weld-bonding strength. Under a condition of a fixed size of the case containing the capacitor, the increase in length of the pellet lead wire 4 needs a reduction in size of the device pellet 3.
It was proposed to increase the length of the anode lead terminal 6 for narrowing a gap between the device pellet 3 and the anode lead terminal 6 in order to increase the overlap area 4e for the purpose of obtaining the sufficient and uniform weld-bonding strength. Narrowing the gap between the device pellet 3 and the anode lead terminal 6 increases a possibility of undesired contact between the device pellet 3 and the anode lead terminal 6, whereby a short circuit is undesirably formed between the device pellet 3 and the anode lead terminal 6.
In order to avoid the contact between the device pellet 3 and the anode lead terminal 6, an insulating material is inserted into the gap between the device pellet 3 and the anode lead terminal 6. The gap size in this case is larger than the above narrowed gap size because the insulating material is inserted into the gap. The increase in the size of the gap also needs size reduction of the capacitor.
A further size reduction of the capacitor is desired. Further increases in the bonding strength and the bonding stability between the anode lead terminal and the pellet lead wire are also desired. The conventional technique is unable to obtain both the size reduction of the capacitor and the increases in the bonding strength and the bonding stability between the anode lead terminal and the pellet lead wire.
In the above circumstances, the development of a novel solid-state electrolyte capacitor free from the above problems is thus desirable.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a novel solid-state electrolyte capacitor free from the above problems free from the above problems.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a novel solid-state electrolyte capacitor reduced in size and having increased bonding strength stability between an anode lead terminal and a pellet lead wire.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a novel anode lead terminal of the solid-state electrolyte capacitor free from the above problems.
It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a novel anode lead terminal of the solid-state electrolyte capacitor reduced in size and having increased bonding strength stability between the anode lead terminal and a pellet lead wire.
The present invention provides a solid state electrolytic capacitor having an improved anode lead terminal having first and second side edges distanced from each other in a longitudinal direction of the anode lead terminal, wherein a center position on the first side edge is retracted from opposite side positions on the top edge, and the opposite side positions are distanced in a perpendicular direction to the longitudinal direction.
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following descriptions.

Solid state electrolytic capacitor with an anode lead terminal


The method for producing an epoxy resin involving the steps of: reacting at least one phenol compound with at least one aldehyde compound to obtain a novolak resin; storing the novolak resin in a molten state in an inert gas atmosphere; feeding the stored novolak resin into an epoxidation reactor; and reacting the stored novolak resin with an epihalohydrin compound, which prevents generation of dust improving the working environment, increases production efficiency reducing production cost, and further suppresses quality degradation such as coloring of the epoxy resin.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for producing a novolak-type epoxy resin used for a encapsulating material and the like in the electric and electronic industries.
2. Description of the Related Art
In normal production of an o-cresol novolak-type epoxy resin, first, o-cresol is reacted with formalin to obtain an o-cresol novolak resin as an intermediate material. Then, the o-cresol novolak resin is fed into an epoxidation reactor together with epichlorohydrin and, if necessary, a solvent also, to allow for epoxidation. One of major factors for determining the properties or quality of the thus-produced epoxy resin is the molecular structure, in particular, skeleton structure of the novolak resin.
Whether or not a novolak resin has a desired molecular structure is normally determined by measuring the softening point of the resin. In other words, a novolak resin having a specific softening point is used for epoxidation so that an epoxy resin having a desired molecular structure or desired properties such as softening point, etc., can be produced.
Therefore, in order to produce an epoxy resin suitable for a desired usage, it is required to prepare a novolak resin having a predetermined softening point.
In a conventional production process of a novolak resin, a novolak resin produced in a reactor is once solidified by cooling into flakes to avoid possible quality degradation and the like. The resin flakes are stored in an appropriate container so that a required amount of the resin can be fed into a reactor when an epoxy resin is to be produced.
The above process has following problems. The operations of putting the novolak resin in a container and taking a predetermined amount of the resin out from the container to feed it into a reactor are mostly performed manually. Dust of the novolak resin generated during these operations may worsen the working environment.
Another problem is that the resultant epoxy resin is colored. In particular, when the novolak resin is stored at higher temperature than normal temperature as in summer, it may degrade by oxidation, causing quality degradation of the resultant epoxy resin such as significant coloring, an increase in epoxy equivalent weight, and a change in softening point.
The inventors have intensively studied for solving the above problems and found that the novolak resin can be prevented from quality degradation by storing it in a molten state in an inert gas atmosphere, and that this storage in a molten state allows for in-line handling of the resin, improving operability and the working environment.


A power transmitting apparatus, which has a capability of wirelessly transmitting power to a power receiving apparatus, obtains time information indicating a time for starting of the power transmission to the power receiving apparatus and controls a timing of power transmission based on the time information.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a wireless power transfer technique.
Description of the Related Art
Recently, there have been available a wireless power transfer technique of wirelessly transferring power and a contactless charging technique. Studies have been made to make a power transmitting apparatus on the power transmission side perform power transmission control in accordance with the state of a power receiving apparatus on the power reception side when performing wireless power transfer (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2006-197734 and 2006-340541). Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-197734 discloses that an apparatus, which transmits power while transmitting data, monitors data to be transmitted and increases the amount of power to be transmitted, for example, in the intervals between songs. In addition, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-340541 discloses that a power feeding apparatus on the road side receives vehicle information about a vehicle as a power receiving apparatus and controls transmitted power based on the vehicle information.
However, the techniques disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2006-197734 and 2006-340541 do not consider anything about power demand in the power receiving apparatus, and hence cannot transmit power in synchronization with a change in power demand in the power receiving apparatus.

Power transmitting apparatus, control method, and storage medium


An electrophotographic lithographic printing plate precursor having a photoconductive layer containing a resin which contains a functional group capable of forming --COOH group and a functional group capable of forming at least one group selected from --SO.sub.3 H group, --SO.sub.2 H group and --PO.sub.3 H group and which has a crosslinking structure.. Owing to the specific polar group in the resin, a lithographic printing plate which is free from the occurrence of background stain and has excellent oil-desensitivity and high printing durability is provided.

Various kinds of offset printing plate precursors for directly producing printing plates have hitherto been proposed, and some of which have already been put into practical use. A widely employed precursor is a light-sensitive material having a photoconductive layer comprising photoconductive particles such as zinc oxide particles and a binder resin provided on a conductive support. A highly lipophilic toner image is subsequently formed on the photoconductive layer surface by an ordinary electrophotographic process. The surface of the photoconductive layer having the toner image is then treated with an oil-desensitizing solution, called an etching solution, to selectively render the non-image areas hydrophilic thereby producing an offset printing plate.
In order to obtain satisfactory prints, an offset printing plate precursor must faithfully reproduce an original on the surface thereof; the surface of the light-sensitive material should have a high affinity for an oil-desensitizing solution so as to render non-image areas sufficiently hydrophilic and, at the same time, should be water resistant. When used as printing plate, the photoconductive layer having a toner image formed thereon should not come off during printing, and should be well receptive to dampening water so that the non-image areas can remain sufficiently hydrophilic to be free from stains, even after a large number of prints have been reproduced from the plate.
These properties are affected by the proportion of binder resin to zinc oxide in the photoconductive layer as already known. Specifically, when the proportion of binder resin to zinc oxide particles in the photoconductive layer is decreased, the oil-desensitivity of the photoconductive layer surface is enhanced and background stains are decreased. However, the internal cohesive force and mechanical strength of the photoconductive layer itself is lowered, resulting in the deterioration of the printing durability. On the contrary, when the proportion of resin binder is increased, the background stains are increased although the printing durability is heightened. Background stains are related to the oil-desensitivity of the photoconductive layer surface. Not only does the ratio of binder resin to zinc oxide in the photoconductive layer influence the oil-desensitivity of the photoconductive layer surface, but it has become apparent that the oil-desensitivity also depends greatly on the kind of the binder resin employed.
With respect to the offset master, the background stain resulting from insufficiency in oil-desensitization is a particularly serious problem. For the purpose of solving this problem, various binder resins for zinc oxide have been developed for improving the oil-desensitivity. Resins having an effect on improvement in oil-desensitivity of the photoconductive layer include those as follows: JP-B-50-31011 (the term "JP-B" as used herein means an "examined Japanese patent publication") discloses the combination of a resin which has a weight average molecular weight of from 1.8.times.10.sup.4 to 1.times.10.sup.5 and a glass transition point (Tg) of from 10.degree. C. to 80.degree. C. and which is prepared by copolymerizing a (meth)acrylate monomer and another monomer in the presence of fumaric acid, with a copolymer prepared from a (meth)acrylate monomer and a monomer other than fumaric acid; JP-A-53-54027 (the term "JP-A" as used herein means an "unexamined published Japanese patent application") discloses a terpolymer comprising a (meth)acrylic acid ester unit having a substituent which contains a carboxylic acid group apart from the ester linkage by at least 7 atoms; JP-A-54-20735 and JP-A-57-202544 disclose a tetra- or penta-polymer comprising an acrylic acid unit and a hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate unit; and JP-A-58-68046 discloses a tercopolymer comprising a (meth)acrylic acid ester unit having an alkyl group containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms as a substituent and a vinyl monomer containing a carboxylic acid group.
However, even with the practical use of the above-described resins which are described to enhance oil-desensitivity, the resulting offset masters are still insufficient in resistance to background stains and printing durability.
The lithographic printing plate precursor utilizing a photoconductive zinc oxide is rendered its surface hydrophilic upon a chemical treatment of zinc oxide with an oil-desensitizing solution under an acidic condition as well known in the art. However, the oil-desensitizing solution which has good oil-desensitivity is limited to that containing a ferrocyanide as the main component.
As a result, there are various restrictions and problems encountered in that a method of treating waste fluid of the oil-desensitizing solution containing a ferrocyanide as the main component is needed, in that since it is necessary to maintain an acidic condition during printing, a number of prints obtainable remarkably decreases (i.e., degradation of printing durability), when neutral paper is employed for printing, and in that because the principle of oil-desensitization is based on the generation of hydrophilic substance upon a chelating reaction, the oil-desensitizing solution tends to interact with polyvalent metal ions contained in a color ink during printing so that unusual emulsification of ink occurs and consequently, a number of prints obtainable decreases particularly in case of color printing.
In order to reduce or solve these problems, there has been developed a techinque for providing hydrophilicity to non-image areas by means of rendering a binder resin of the photoconductive layer hydrophilic upon a chemical reaction treatment. For instance, resins of the type which contain functional groups capable of producing hydrophilic groups through decomposition have been investigated on an aptitude for the resin binder. For example, the resins containing functional groups capable of producing hydroxy groups by decomposition are disclosed in JP-A-62-195684, JP-A-62-210475 and JP-A-62-210476, those containing functional groups capable of producing carboxy groups through decomposition are disclosed in JP-A-62-212669, JP-A-62-286064 and JP-A-1-63977, and those containing functional groups capable of producing a sulfo group or a phosphono group through decomposition are disclosed in JP-A-63-260439,-JP-A-1-70767.
Further, an improvement in a composition for a photoconductive layer has been investigated in which resin grains containing a polymer component capable of forming a carboxy group, a sulfo group, a phosphono group or a hydroxy group through decomposition are incorporated into the photoconductive layer as described, for example, in JP-A-1-261658, JP-A-1-284856 and JP-A-1-287571. The printing plates prepared using these techniques certainly exhibit improved water retentivity as compared with conventional plates.

Electrophotographic lithographic printing plate precursor


A universal biopsy system is provided for performing percutaneous medical procedures. The biopsy system includes a cannula assembly removably coupled to a handle. The releasable coupling structures of the handle and the cannula assembly allow for rotational displacement of the cannula assembly using the handle, as well as the application of an axially directed force, either toward or away from the patient.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention directs itself to biopsy devices utilized for percutaneous medical procedures. In particular, this invention directs itself to a biopsy system wherein a handle is releasably coupled to a cannula assembly, providing particular advantages for the performance of vertebroplasty procedures. More in particular, the handle of the present invention includes an opening formed in a lower side thereof wherein recesses are formed in opposing interior wall surfaces of the opening for receiving respective projections formed on the hub portion of the cannula. Still more in particular, this invention pertains to a biopsy system wherein the recesses formed in the opening of the handle have terminal portions in which lower and upper locking recesses are formed for rotatively and axially displacing the cannula assembly, either toward or away from patient, respectively.
2. Prior Art
Biopsy systems are well known in the art. The best prior art known to the Applicants include U.S. Pat. No. 4,922,602; U.S. Pat. No. 5,331,972; U.S. Pat. No. 5,385,151; U.S. Pat. No. 5,807,275; U.S. Pat. No. 5,752,923; U.S. Pat. No. 5,538,009; U.S. Pat. No. 5,476,102; U.S. Pat. No. 5,257,632; U.S. Pat. No. 4,256,119; U.S. Pat. No. 4,793,363; U.S. Pat. No. 5,127,419; U.S. Pat. No. 5,634,473; U.S. Pat. No. 5,758,655; U.S. Pat. No. 5,186,197; U.S. Pat. No. 4,513,754; U.S. Pat. No. 5,036,860; U.S. Pat. No. 3,949,747; U.S. Pat. No. 5,807,277; U.S. Pat. No. 5,526,821; U.S. Pat. No. 5,429,138; U.S. Pat. No. 4,356,828; U.S. Pat. No. 4,266,555; and, U.S. Pat. No. 4,262,676.
In some prior art systems the proximal end of the cannula is accessible through an opening formed in an upper side of the handle, subsequent to removal or displacement of a cover therefor. Such systems, however, do not provide a clear field of view for the physician. Other prior art systems, such as that disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 3,949,747, have a removable handle for selective engagement with any one of a plurality of punches and probes. However, such handle is threadedly connected to the punches and probes, and therefore only capable of rotatively driving the punch or probe in a single direction, in the tightening direction of the handle, as rotation in the opposing direction will cause the handle to disengage from the selected tip.
In still other prior art systems, such as that disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 4,513,754, the cannula is releasably held within the jaws of a collet. As the cannula is a tube, the jaw pressure thereon is limited, in order not to crush the tube, thereby limiting the axial and rotational forces which may be transferred from the handle to the cannula.
Such deficiencies are overcome by the structure of the invention of the subject Patent Application, by virtue of the removable handle that is capable of rotating a cannula assembly in either a clockwise or a counterclockwise direction while an axial force, either toward or away from a patient is applied. The utility of the invention of the subject Patent Application is further enhanced by the formation of a grip portion on the cannula hub and the inclusion of a luer-type coupling system with the cannula hub.


An adhesive for laminating a metal foil to a resin film, the adhesive including: a polyol (A); a multimer of a polyisocyanate (B); and a metal compound (C) being a compound of at least one metal of Groups 7 and 12, wherein the multimer of a polyisocyanate (B) contains a multimer of a saturated aliphatic polyisocyanate and a multimer of a saturated alicyclic polyisocyanate. Also disclosed is a laminate having a metal foil and a resin film laminated through an adhesive layer obtained from the adhesive for laminating of the invention. Yet further disclosed is a packaging material for a battery casing obtained by using the laminate. Yet further disclosed is a battery case obtained by using the packaging material for a battery casing. Also disclosed is a method for producing a battery case which includes deep drawing or bulging the packaging material for a battery casing.

In recent years, the reduction in size, weight, and thickness of electronic appliances such as notebook personal computers and mobile phones has proceeded. Therefore, higher energy density and reduction in weight are required also for secondary batteries for electronic appliances, and development of lithium ion batteries having high energy density has been actively made instead of conventional lead storage batteries and nickel hydride batteries. Further, a lithium ion battery which can be used also as a power source of an electric vehicle or a hybrid car has been put in practical use.
In the lithium ion battery, a compound containing lithium is used as a positive electrode material, and a carbon material such as graphite and coke is used as a negative electrode material. Further, between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, there is provided an electrolytic solution in which a lithium salt such as LiPF6 and LiBF4 as an electrolyte is dissolved in an aprotic solvent having osmotic force such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate or an electrolyte layer comprising a polymer gel impregnated with the electrolytic solution.
Conventionally, as a packaging material for a battery case, there has been known a laminate in which a stretched heat resistant resin film layer as an outer layer, an aluminum foil layer, and a non-stretched thermoplastic resin film layer as an inner layer are laminated in this order. In the case of a battery case obtained by using a packaging material for battery cases having such a structure, if a solvent having osmotic force like an electrolytic solution passes through a film layer serving as a sealant in a laminate used for the outer packaging of the battery, the laminate strength between an aluminum foil layer and a resin film layer may be reduced to cause the leakage of the electrolytic solution. Therefore, there has been developed a packaging material for battery cases in which an aluminum foil layer and an inner layer are bonded through an adhesive layer containing a resin containing a functional group having reactivity with isocyanates such as an acid anhydride group, a carboxyl group, and a hydroxy group, and a polyfunctional isocyanate compound.
For example, Patent Literatures 1 to 3 describe a method involving forming an adhesive layer using a solvent type adhesive in which a modified polyolefin resin obtained by graft-polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof onto a propylene homopolymer or a copolymer of propylene and ethylene, and a polyfunctional isocyanate compound, are dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent.
However, the modified polyolefin resin in Patent Literatures 1 to 3 was strongly influenced by factors determining the water content contained in the adhesive layer such as humidity at the time of coating and aging and the thickness of a substrate for a laminate. As a result, there was a problem that the adhesive layer formed showed variation in adhesive strength and was poor in electrolytic solution resistance.

Adhesive for laminate of metal foil and resin film, laminated body, battery exterior packaging material, and battery case and manufacturing method therefor


A high frequency electromagnetic field detector for detecting high frequency electromagnetic fields comprises a micro antenna for mainly receiving the induction term of the electromagnetic field, an amplifier for amplifying a voltage induced on the antenna, a comparator circuit for comparing the output of the amplifier with a predetermined reference level to output a signal indicating that the output exceeds the reference level, and an indicator in response to the signal from the comparator circuit for indicating it.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a transient electromagnetic field detector.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Electronic equipments are generally susceptible to even weak disturbing energy. Particularly, digital equipments such as a computer performing a high speed data processing are susceptible to such disturbing energy, whereby they are liable to malfunction. For example, logic elements commonly used in these digital equipments may cause logical inversion in response to a disturbing pulse of several nanoseconds, and these digital equipments are also sensible to the high frequency disturbing energy of 50 MHz-200 MHz. As sources of such transient disturbing energy, listed are noise caused by electrostatic discharge, noise at switching a power supply, and noise from a car engine which are so-called electromagnetic interference (EMI) sources, and particularly, noise components propagated by induction and radiation are regarded as important. For example, the instant a charged human body or utensil touches an equipment in operation, circuits may take such a logical state that cannot be expected to occur from the standpoint of design, thereby malfunctioning or stopping operation. Accordingly, it is necessary to work out an adequate countermeasure against such electromagnetic interference with its occurrence being presupposed in advance. At present, as an equipment for sensing and analyzing the presence of such EMI, a transient digitizer is known, but it is very expensive. An electric field strength meter, a power flux density meter, an EMI meter, and a spectrum analyzer are also known, but these instruments can merely measure continuous waves. Furthermore, a storage oscilloscope, a waveform memory, a memory voltmeter (or quasi-peak voltmeter), and a logic analyzer are also known, but these have had limitations in their measurable frequencies. Additionally, since, in these instruments, the conductive component of the disturbing energy was inevitably carried by signal cables and power cables connected to and from a measuring system, it was very difficult to measure the true radiation component separately. A high frequency electromagnetic field sensor for detecting transient electromagnetic fields causing such EMI has also been proposed, but this high frequency electromagnetic field sensor employs a dipole antenna having a length tuned to the frequency of an electromagnetic field to be detected, in accordance with the concept of a usual tuned antenna. Therefore, in order to detect the EMI of 50 MHz-200 MHz which is regarded as particularly important for digital equipments, the length of the antenna inevitably became several tens centimeters to one meter, and hence the whole sensor became large; further, also its measuring sensitivity varies in dependence on its tuned frequency and directivity; and therefore the sensor has not had a wide range of application.
In view of the above described prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a transient electromagnetic field detector which is inexpensive and of small size, whose sensitivity does not depend on the frequency, and which is broadly usable to detection and analysis of the electromagnetic interference.

Transient electromagnetic field detector


An air inert gas generating system consists of heat exchangers, a heating element, and a plurality of solid oxide electrochemical gas separator (SOEGS) cells. The SOEGS cells are interconnected in series to create a stack. A voltage is applied to the stack causing oxygen ions to be transported from the air flowing through the cathode through the electrolyte to the anode side of the SOEGS, resulting in oxygen-depleted gas. The oxygen-depleted gas can be used to inert the ullage of aircraft fuel tank or support the fire suppression system in the cargo hold. The oxygen-enriched gas can be used for other purposes.

Fuel tanks can contain potentially combustible combinations of fuel vapors, oxygen, and ignition sources. To prevent combustion, inert gas, such as nitrogen-enriched air (NEA) or oxygen-depleted air (ODA), is introduced into the ullage of a fuel tank, in order to keep the oxygen concentration in the ullage below 12%. A variety of membrane-based technologies have conventionally been used to inert fuel tank air. Similarly, fire suppression systems, such as fire suppression systems deployed in aircraft cargo holds, can function with inert gas.

Solid oxide electrochemical gas separator inerting system


The emergence of mutations in tyrosine kinases following treatment of cancer patients with molecular-targeted therapy represents a major mechanism of acquired drug resistance. Here, mutations in the serpentine receptor, Smoothened (SMO) are described, which result in resistance to a Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor, such as in medulloblastoma. Amino acid substitutions in conserved residues of SMO maintain Hh signaling, but result in the inability of the Hh pathway inhibitor, GDC-0449, to bind SMO and suppress the pathway. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides for novel mutant SMO proteins and nucleic acids and for screening methods to detect SMO mutations and methods to screen for drugs that specifically modulate mutant SMO exhibiting drug resistance.

Molecular-targeted cancer therapeutics have shown impressive activity in the clinic. Some of the best noted examples include the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) or KIT/PDGFR-mutant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and erlotinib in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (Krause, D. S. and R. A. Van Etten (2005) N. Engl. J. Med. 353(2):172-187). Treatment with these agents has led to dramatic anti-tumor responses in patient populations harboring these molecular abnormalities. However, despite the impressive initial clinical responses, most patients eventually progress due to the acquisition of drug resistance (Engelman, J. A. and J. Settleman (2008) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 18(1):73-79). Identification of mechanisms of resistance have consequently opened the door to more rational drug combinations and the development of "second-generation" inhibitors that can potentially overcome or avoid the emergence of resistance.
Medulloblastoma is a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the cerebellum that represents the most common brain malignancy in children (Polkinghorn, W. R. and N. J. Tarbell (2007) Nat. Clin. Pract. Oncol. 4(5):295-304). One form of treatment for medulloblastoma is adjuvant radiation therapy. Despite improvements in survival rates, adjuvant radiation is associated with debilitating side effects, thus supporting the need for new molecular targeted therapies.
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been directly implicated in the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma. Constitutive Hh signaling, most often due to underlying loss of function mutations in the inhibitory receptor PTCH1, has been demonstrated in approximately 30% of sporadic cases (Zurawel, R. H. et al. (2000) Genes Chromosomes Cancer 27(1):44-51; Kool, M. et al. (2008) PLoS ONE 3(8):e3088; Dellovade, T. et al. (2006) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 29:539; Rubin, L. L. and F. J. de Sauvage (2006) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 5:1026). Mice heterozygous for Ptch1 (Ptch1+/−) can spontaneously develop medulloblastoma and treatment with Hh pathway inhibitors results in tumor elimination and prolonged survival (Goodrich, L. V. et al. (1997) Science 277(5329):1109-1113; Romer, J. T. et al. (2004) Cancer Cell 6(3):229-240). However, it has recently been observed that a patient treated with the novel Hh pathway inhibitor, GDC-0449 initially showed a dramatic response to treatment (Charles M. Rudin et al. (2009) N. Engl. J. Med. (submitted)), only to fail to have a durable response to treatment and a relapse of the tumor.
BCC is the most common human cancer and is predominantly driven by hyperactivation of the Hh pathway (Oro et al., 1997; Xie et al., 1998). The association between Hh signaling and cancer was first discovered in patients with Gorlin or basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS), who are highly susceptible to medulloblastoma (MB) and BCC. These patients generally possess heterozygous germline mutations in Patched 1 (PTCH1), which encodes a receptor for Hh ligands (Hahn et al., 1996; Johnson et al., 1996). Hh ligand binding relieves PTCH1 suppression of the serpentine transmembrane (TM) signal transducer Smoothened (SMO). The vast majority of sporadic BCCs are driven by inactivating mutations and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in PTCH1, with most of the remainder harboring activating mutations in SMO (Reifenberger et al., 2005). SMO promotes the activation and nuclear localization of GLI transcription factors by inhibition of Suppressor of fused (SUFU) and Protein kinase A (PKA). SUFU negatively regulates the Hh pathway by binding and sequestering GLI transcription factors in the cytoplasm (Stone et al., 1999). Loss-of-function mutations in SUFU are also associated with Gorlin Syndrome (Pastorino et al., 2009; Smith et al., 2014; Taylor et al., 2002). Approximately 50% of sporadic BCCs also have TP53 mutations (Jayaraman et al., 2014).
Several Hh pathway inhibitors (HPIs) are currently under clinical investigation for both BCC and MB (Amakye et al., 2013). Vismodegib, previously known as GDC-0449, is a SMO inhibitor approved for the treatment of metastatic and locally advanced BCC (Sekulic et al., 2012). The majority of BCC patients treated with vismodegib experience a clinical benefit, including both complete and partial responses (Sekulic et al., 2012).
However, a preliminary estimate suggests that up to 20% of advanced BCC patients develop resistance to vismodegib within the first year of treatment (Chang and Oro, 2012). To date, the only functionally characterized mechanism of acquired resistance to vismodegib in the clinic came from a patient with metastatic MB. A SMO-D473H mutation was detected in a biopsy from a relapsed metastatic tumor and was shown to abrogate drug binding in vitro (Yauch et al., 2009). Four other clinical SMO mutations were recently reported in vismodegib-resistant BCC, but were not examined functionally (Brinkhuizen et al., 2014; Pricl et al., 2014). Several resistance mechanisms to SMO inhibitors have been delineated from preclinical models, including additional SMO mutations, amplification of downstream Hh pathway components such as GLI2, and activation of bypass signaling pathways including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) kinase and atypical protein kinase C ι/λ (aPKC-ι/λ) (Atwood et al., 2013; Buonamici et al., 2010; Dijkgraaf et al., 2011). However, it remains unclear which mechanisms drive resistance in patients.
There is an urgent need in the art to identify additional GDC-0449-resistant mutant SMO proteins and to find compounds that modulate SMO activity in such mutant SMO proteins to overcome drug resistance upon treatment with GDC-0449. There is further a need to a method to diagnose patients who may be resistant to treatment either through natural variation of their SMO genotype or through acquired mutation and resistance.

Mutant smoothened and methods of using the same


A blow mold unit includes a first and a second blow cavity split mold, and a plurality of raised-bottom molds. The blow mold unit also includes a first and a second securing plates on which the first and the second blow cavity split mold are secured, a plurality of first pressure-receiving plates respectively secured on the first and the second securing plates, a third securing plate disposed between the first and the second securing plates, the plurality of raised-bottom molds secured on the third securing plate, a plurality of shafts suspended from the third securing plate, and a plurality of second pressure-receiving plates secured on the first and the second securing plates at a position below the third securing plate.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a blow mold unit and a blow molding apparatus using the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
It is necessary to use a raised-bottom mold as a blow mold when forming a blow-molded container having a bottom that protrudes inward (e.g., dome-like bottom or free-standing bottle). A raised-bottom mold that is clamped to a pair of blow cavity split molds may be required separately from the pair of blow cavity split molds.
For example, two rows of blow molds that are secured in a back-to-back arrangement (see FIGS. 5 and 6 of JP-B-8-13501) may be used. When molding a container having a raised bottom using the two rows of blow molds disclosed in FIGS. 5 and 6 of JP-B-8-13501, a blow-molded container interferes with the raised-bottom mold and breaks if the raised-bottom mold is not removed before opening one of the pair of blow cavity split molds.
The raised-bottom mold may be moved upward and downward irrespective of the number of rows of blow molds from the viewpoint of ensuring molding quality (e.g., adjustment of the orientation or the thickness of the bottom). In JP-A-6-270235, the raised-bottom mold is moved upward and downward in order to ensure impact resistance upon falling or the like.
The pair of blow cavity split molds and the raised-bottom mold are closed in synchronization. However, a blow cavity mold closing/opening (clamping) device for the pair of blow cavity split molds and a driver device for the raised-bottom mold are provided independently. Therefore, when attaching or removing the blow mold to or from the blow molding apparatus, the pair of blow cavity split molds is attached to or removed from the blow cavity split mold closing/opening device, and the raised-bottom mold is attached to or removed from the raised-bottom mold driver device.
JP-B-4319863 discloses a rotary transfer blow molding apparatus that is configured so that a transfer plate that is intermittently transferred is moved upward and downward in an injection molding station that is one of a plurality of stations.
The blow mold includes a pair of blow cavity split molds and a raised-bottom mold that are attached to or removed from a different closing/opening device. Therefore, it is difficult to handle the pair of blow cavity split molds and the raised-bottom mold as an integral unit. This results in poor attachment/removal workability.
The blow cavity mold closing/opening device is disposed on the base of the blow molding apparatus, while the raised-bottom mold closing/opening device is disposed under the base of the blow molding apparatus. Therefore, it is troublesome to exchange the raised-bottom mold under the base when attaching or removing the blow mold to or from the blow molding apparatus.
The exchange work becomes more complex when using two rows of blow molds. For example, a mold closing/opening device that closes/opens two rows of blow molds performs a single-sided operation, and the blow molds are connected using a horizontal tie rod (see FIGS. 5 and 6 of JP-B-8-13501). This is because the blow molds cannot be slidingly transferred on the base of the blow molding apparatus when using the horizontal tie rod.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Blow mold unit and blow molding apparatus using the same


A hologram recording and reproducing device controls an optical beam output from an external cavity semiconductor laser to improve a diffraction efficiency. The hologram recording and reproducing device includes an external cavity laser, a photodiode, a laser drive circuit and a laser diode controller. The external cavity laser has a laser diode adapted to emit an optical beam that is used to generate data light and reference light with which a hologram recording medium is irradiated. The photodiode detects the amount of the optical beam output from the external cavity laser. The laser drive circuit supplies a current to the external cavity laser. The laser diode controller controls the laser drive circuit to ensure that a value obtained by integrating the detected intensity of the optical beam with respect to time over a predetermined period is equal to predetermined recording energy.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a hologram recording and reproducing device and a method for recording a hologram.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, a hologram recording and reproducing device has attracted attention as a data storage device. To record a hologram, reference light and data light are generated from laser light output from a single light source. In this case, the data light is modulated on the basis of recorded data. A hologram recording medium is irradiated with the reference light and the data light. The reference light and the data light interfere with each other in the hologram recording medium to form the hologram (diffraction grating). The hologram is recorded in the hologram recording medium. The recorded hologram includes a large amount of information. To reproduce the recorded information from the hologram recording medium, the hologram is irradiated with the reference light to ensure that reproduction light (diffracted light) is generated. The reproduction light is received by an imager having light receiving elements two-dimensionally arranged. Then, signal processing is performed on the reproduction light to reproduce the recorded data.
In the aforementioned case, the data light and the reference light are generated by an optical unit having optical elements, and the reproduction light is received by the optical unit. A certain optical unit has a common optical path through which data light and reference light pass. That is, the certain optical unit has a coaxial interference system (refer to Japanese Patent Publication No. 2003-178484). In addition, another optical unit has an optical path through which data light passes and an optical path through which reference light passes. The two optical paths are different from each other. That is, the optical unit has a two-beam interference system. As an optical source that is adapted to generate an optical beam and used in a hologram recording and reproducing device, there is a proposed technique related to an external cavity laser that emits a blue optical beam (refer to Japanese Patent Publication No. 2006-177995). In addition, there is a proposed technique for recording a hologram under the condition that a hologram recording medium moves (refer to Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-178780). Furthermore, recording and reproducing characteristics obtained when an external cavity semiconductor laser is used have been reported (refer to "T. Tanaka, K. Takahashi, K. Sato, R. Kasegawa, M. Toishi, K. Watanabe, D. Samuels, and M. Takeya, "Littrow-type external-cavity blue laser for holographic data storage," Appl.Opt. 46, 3583-3592 (2007)").

Hologram recording and reproducing device and method for recording hologram


A TTG-DFB laser diode on a doped substrate having a stripe-shaped layer structure that has an intermediate layer between an active layer and a tuning layer. A confinement layer laterally adjoins this layer structure at both sides, is doped for the same conductivity type as the substrate and is electrically conductively connected to the substrate through an interruption of the layers situated therebelow. An upper region, that respectively extends up to the surface and that is oppositely doped, is formed in the confinement layer above the layer structure. A lateral region, separated therefrom and that is electrically conductively connected via a lower confinement layer to a side of the layer structure facing toward the substrate, is formed in the confinement layer. Contact layers and contacts are applied on the upper region and on the lateral region, and a contact is applied on the substrate, so that separate current injection into both the active layer and the tuning layer is possible through the intermediate layer.

The present invention is directed to a laser diode with an electrically tunable emission wavelength having a TTG-DFB (tuneable twin guide-distributed (feedback) structure. p The TTG-DFB laser diode of European Patent Application EP 0 360 011 is considered especially suitable for utilization in future optical communication transmission systems because of its broad, continuously variable tunability of the emission wavelength. Its employment, for example, as a local oscillator in optical heterodyne receivers is promising. In this laser diode, an active layer and a tunable layer are arranged vertically one above the other and separated by an intermediate layer, whereby separate current injections into the tuning layer and into the active layer can occur via lateral regions and through the intermediate layer. In prior art embodiments this TTG-DFB laser diode is constructed on a p-doped substrate. One of the two critical laser layers, i.e. the active layer or the tuning layer, is electrically driven via the substrate depending on which layer is located on the side of the intermediate layer facing toward the substrate. The substrate must therefore be electrically insulated from sub-carriers that are to be frequently equated with the electrical ground, this requirement increasing the manufacturing outlay.


Aqueous suspensions of ceramic particles in which the particle are coated by a metal oxide sintering aid or metal hydroxide precursor thereto and which have a sufficiently high solids content to produce casting slips which can yield net shape castings are provided. The suspensions are produced by concentrating lower solids content suspensions by crossflow filtration which disrupts hydroxide gels which inherently form by interaction of the coating with water. The resultant highly loaded aqueous suspensions may be used in net shape casting to produce cast bodies of high dimensional stability, high green strength, and with a low incidence of cracking.

Slip casting, a standard manufacturing procedure used in the manufacture of ceramic products, entails adding a fluid suspension of a ceramic powder, a slip, to a mold constructed of a porous material such as plaster. The fluid migrates into and through the walls of the mold leaving a ceramic powder deposit on the interior wall of the mold. The deposition of the powder on the interior surface of the mold is often facilitated by spinning the mold (centrifugal casting) or by applying pressure to the slip while it is in the mold (pressure casting). Thereafter excess suspension is poured off and the mold removed to produce a green body. Subsequently the green body is dried in a controlled temperature and humidity environment before being subjected to a heat, and usually pressure, treatment such as sintering, hot isostatic pressing, or the like, to substantially fully densify the ceramic powder and increase its strength.
It is known that bodies cast from more highly loaded powder suspensions are more likely to produce net shape castings free from drying cracks. In a net shape casting process, the casting is generally made using only one slip addition to a mold which is essentially the final shape and size of the desired body so that it requires little or no final machining to be ready for use. As a result, net shape castings are characterized by lower drying shrinkage, lessened tendency to warp and crack, and improved dimensional control. Ceramic powder suspensions which contain powder loadings greater than about 70 wt. % are regarded as highly loaded.
Sintering aid oxides such as yttria, magnesia, and the like, are often incorporated with ceramic powders to facilitate the densification process. Generally such sintering aids are added to a ceramic powder during a milling or comminution procedure which reduces the particle size of each and attempts to uniformly mix them. However, it has been found that the desired uniformity of such a mixture is usually less than ideal. As a result, a process was developed to coat such sintering aid metal oxides, or more accurately precursor hydroxides thereto which are readily converted to oxides by the application of heat, onto the surfaces of ceramic partricles. U.S. Pat. Applns. Ser. No. 07/288,208, filed Dec. 22, 1988, now abandoned, and Ser. No. 07/450,200, filed Dec. 13, 1989, the subject matters of which are incorporated herein by reference, disclose inter alia methods for coating the surfaces of a ceramic powder with a solid sintering aid oxide or hydroxide precursor thereto while the powder is dispersed in water. Basically, the method entails controllably precipitating a metal hydroxide or oxide onto the surfaces of an inorganic ceramic particle while substantially avoiding the generation of free sintering aid oxide or hydroxide particles. For example, yttrium hydroxide may be selectively precipitated on the surfaces of silicon nitride by controlling the pH of an aqueous suspension of the silicon nitride to generate an increased reactivity at the surface of the particles as compared to in the bulk. Thus, after an aqueous solution of yttrium nitrate is added to an aqueous slurry of milled and filtered silicon nitride particles and the pH adjusted to about 7, aqueous ammonia solution is slowly added until essentially all of the yttrium is precipitated on the silicon nitride as a coating of yttrium hydroxide. The hydroxide coating can be readily converted to an oxide by heating.
The ceramic bodies which have been cast from such sintering aid coated ceramic particles at concentrations of about 20-40 wt % have a low cast density and have exhibited a high incidence of cracking both in the wet and dry states. Attempts at concentrating the lowly loaded sintering aid coated particles to produce net shape castings have been unsuccessful, apparently due to the the same hydroxide linkages which provide the green strength. As such when the low solids compositions have been concentrated by techniques which have been previously used with other ceramic systems, gels have formed which have prevented increasing the solids content of the suspensions to greater than about 55 wt % prior to its use in pressure casting. Thus, the benefit of the high green strength from using sintering aid coated particles has not been made useful in the production of net shape castings due to the gels which form at high solids loading and which prevent flow of the suspension. It was thought, however, that the crosslinking of the hydroxide gel which occurred could be used to provide adequate wet and dry green strengths to yield a crack-free cast body, provided the casting slip could be concentrated to greater than 65 wt % solids loading, preferably greater than 70 wt %.
Examples of filtration techniques which have been used with suspensions of different ceramic powders include: colloidal filtration of ZrO.sub.2 -toughened alumina from 50 vol % aqueous suspensions; (Konsztowicz et al., Chem. Abs., 113(24):216661r); pressure filtration at 0.3 MPa (Schulle et al., Chem. Abs., 112 (2):10952 g); and a filter to prevent surface defects in slip-cast alumina bodies (Shanefield et al., Chem. Abs. 84(22): 154597w). These previous efforts were not dealing with sintering aid coated ceramic particles and thus did not face the hydroxide gel formation problem which occurs with such particles.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to produce aqueous ceramic casting suspensions which are sufficiently highly loaded to yield substantially net shape castings.
More specifically, it is an object of this invention to produce aqueous casting slips containing at least about 65, preferably at least about 70, wt % sintering aid oxide or sintering aid oxide precursor coated ceramic powder which, when pressure cast, yield substantially net shape castings.


Colonic-targeted oral drug dosage forms composed of a drug confined within a crosslinked hydrogel that exhibits pH-dependent swelling and is composed of an ionizable comonomer such as acrylic acid, a nonionizable comonomer such as an acrylamide, and a crosslinking agent that contains an aromatic azobond. Selective drug release in the colon occurs by a combination of pH-dependent swelling of the hydrogel and degradation of the hydrogel by enzymatic cleavage of the azobonds by azoreductases.

Various enteric coatings have been used previously to orally administer drugs that are labile in the stomach and/or are targeted at the large intestine. See Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 17th Edition (1985), p. 1637.
Several prior patents describe dosage forms for selectively delivering 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) to the colon. Halskov (U.S. Pat. No. 4,496,553) describes formulations of 5-ASA with conventional enteric carriers (composed of lactose, potato starch, magnesium stearate and cellulose) that are not readily soluble at low pHs. Similarly, Canadian Patent 1,172,570 describes solid dosage forms of 5-ASA that are coated with methacrylic acid-methacrylic acid ester copolymers that are relatively insoluble in gastric fluid but highly soluble at the higher pHs found in the intestinal fluids. Other patents, such as U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,190,176 and 4,489,197, describe conjugating 5-ASA to nonabsorbable aromatic polymers via azobonds that are stable in the stomach but are cleaved enzymatically in the large intestine to release the 5-ASA.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,663,308--which is perhaps the closest art to the present invention--employs high molecular weight polymers of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerized with a divinylazobenzene compound to coat or otherwise entrap drugs that are labile in the stomach, have an undesirable effect in the stomach, or are targeted at the colon. Release of drug occurs via the cleavage of the azobonds by the azoreductases that abound in the colon but are not prevalent in the stomach or small intestine. The patent suggests various acrylic acid esters and amides as well as unsaturated acids as possible monomers. However, the only copolymer exemplified in the patent is a hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA)-styrene copolymer that contains no ionizable group. Further, the only ionizable group-containing polymer exemplified in the patent is a crosslinked polyacrylic acid. In this regard, drug release from the formulations of the present invention is controlled by a combination of pH-dependent swelling of the copolymer and degradation of the hydrogel via cleavage of the azobonds by the azoreductases in the colon. Further, the copolymers of U.S. Pat. No. 4,663,308 are crosslinked under the gel point (branched) and are thus soluble in organic solvents. In contrast, the copolymers of the present invention are crosslinked beyond the gel point and are insoluble in any solvent.
Siegel et al., J. Controlled Release (1988) 8(2):179-182, employs hydrophobic polyamine hydrogels that swell selectively at low pHs to administer drugs orally in a manner that avoids premature release of drug in the oral cavity but permits release in the stomach. Such hydrogels would not be useful for delivering drugs selectively to the colon.

Colonic-targeted oral drug-dosage forms based on crosslinked hydrogels containing azobonds and exhibiting PH-dependent swelling


A Viterbi decoding apparatus includes a main decoder, a re-encoder, an adjusting module, a secondary decoder and a secondary result generating module. The main decoder performs a Viterbi decoding process on input data to generate a set of main decoded results. The re-encoder performs a convolutional encoding process on the set of main decoded results to generate a set of re-encoded results. The adjusting module adjusts the input data according to the set of re-encoded results to generate adjusted input data corresponding to a predetermined path in a Viterbi trellis diagram. The secondary decoder generates a plurality of symbols according to the adjusted input data. The secondary result generating module generates a set of secondary decoded results according to the plurality of symbols and the set of main decoded results.

Field of the Invention
The invention relates in general to Viterbi decoding technologies, and more particularly to a Viterbi decoding technology capable of providing two types of decoded results.
Description of the Related Art
Concatenated error correction codes currently applied to numerous types of communication systems and signal broadcasting systems enhance the performance of encoded results through combining two or more encoding technologies. A receiver in such system needs to first perform an inner code decoding process, and then perform an outer code decoding process on the inner code decoded result. Taking a Digital Video Broadcasting—Terrestrial (DVB-T) system for example, the receiver needs to decode convolutional encoded data by a Viterbi decoder and then sends the decoded result to a Reed-Solomon decoder. Generally known to one person skilled in the art, a typical Viterbi decoder selects an optimum decoded result from many possible decoded results and provides the selected optimum decoded result to the Reed-Solomon decoder. However, the optimum decoded result identified by the Viterbi decoder may not be correct data (i.e., actual data transmitted by the transmitter). In the above situation, the Reed-Solomon decoder is usually incapable of decoding such packet as the packet contains too many errors. To solve the above issue, in a current approach, the Viterbi decoder is designed to provide more than one decoded result (e.g., simultaneously providing an optimum decoded result and a second optimum decoded result) to the Reed-Solomon decoder. If the Reed-Solomon decoder cannot decode the optimum packet, it may attempt to decode the second optimum decoded result, hence enhancing the probability of successful decoding.

Viterbi decoding apparatus and viterbi decoding method


A microphone device detachably fitted to acoustic equipments such as tape recorders comprises a body detachably fitted to the acoustic equipment, a flexible cylindrical arm mounted to the body, a microphone provided to the free end of the arm, and a flexible conductor disposed in the hollow space of the arm for electrically connecting the microphone with the body.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a microphone device, and more particularly to a microphone device which is detachably fitted to acoustic equipment such as tape recorders.
2. Description of Prior Art
It is a recent trend that the size of the tape recorder is becoming increasingly small and most of the small tape recorders now being used incorporate a non-directional microphone.
To record conversations with a tape recorder, one must place it close to a speaker. In this case, however, since the microphone built into the tape recorder is non-directional, the tape recorder may record surrounding noise at high level together with the conversation one wants to record.
To avoid this inconvenience, it is conventional that an external microphone with directivity is connected through a cord to the tape recorder and brought close to the speaker by reaching with a hand to record the conversation.
However, in cases where one has to record the speaker's words from behind a crowd of interviewers, one cannot put the microphone close enough to the speaker even by reaching with his hand. As a result a desired level of recording may not be obtained. Recently, condenser microphones are beginning to be used as an external microphone. A condenser microphone, however, has a disadvantage that it needs a special DC power supply resulting in increased weight and larger size, which in turn makes it difficult to handle.


Apparatus for inserting sticks into ice cream bodies filled into mould cavities open at the top and continuously or stepwise passing below the stick inserting apparatus, said apparatus comprising a stick feeding mechanism feeding sticks to a conveyor which reciprocates relative to said feeding mechanism and which advances the sticks to a set of receiving means gripping and removing said sticks from the conveyor. The apparatus comprises furthermore a set of inserting means which remove the sticks from the receiving means so as to insert said sticks into the mould cavities. The apparatus comprises two feeding mechanisms are provided which feed their respective conveyor, said conveyors being associated with their respective set of receiving means and their respective set of inserting means. The sets of inserting means are disposed such that alternately they are moved into and insert the sticks in one and the same vertical inserting plane in the apparatus.

US-PS No. 4,105,384 discloses an apparatus of the above type. Such an apparatus is often used for ice freezing machines having a conveyor, such as a belt conveyor or a supporting member which is pivotal about a vertical axis and carries a plurality of mould cavities arranged in rows. The rows of mould cavities are moved in turn to a position below the apparatus inserting the sticks into the ice cream bodies in the mould cavities, said ice cream bodies at the time in question being of such a consistency that the insertion of the sticks is possible and such that the sticks can be retained in vertical position after the sticks have been positioned by the inserting apparatus.
When the capacity of such an ice freezing machine is to be increased it is necessary to insert more sticks per time unit, and previously the latter has only been possible by speeding up the working rate of the stick inserting apparatus. However, the rather complicated handling of ice lollies restricts the working rate of such a stick inserting apparatus. Therefore an increase of the capacity of the ice freezing machine involves various measures such as extra room allowing installation of an additional stick inserting apparatus and complicated equipment for the control of the ice freezing machine in such a manner that all the ice cream bodies are provided with a stick without increasing the stay of the ice cream bodies in the mould cavities to such a degree that the removal thereof from said mould cavities is made difficult.


Method and system for determining a pressure/volume characteristic curve of a wheel brake in a motor vehicle brake system having an electrically controllable pressure supply device connected hydraulically to wheel brakes and can output a pressure medium volume for activating the wheel brakes. The pressure medium volume which is output by the pressure supply device can be determined. An electrically actuable inlet valve per wheel brake disconnects the connection between the wheel brake and the pressure supply device. During one or more service brake operations of the motor vehicle wheel brakes are activated by the pressure supply device, the pressure medium volume output by the pressure supply device in order to activate the wheel brakes is determined and the pressure/volume characteristic curves of the wheel brakes are determined on the basis of pressure medium volumes output by the pressure supply device during one or more service braking operations are determined.

In motor vehicle engineering, "brake-by-wire" brake systems are becoming ever more widespread. Such brake systems often comprise not only a master brake cylinder which can be activated by the vehicle driver but also an electrically controllable pressure supply device by means of which the wheel brakes or the master brake cylinder is activated in the "brake-by-wire" operating mode. In order to give the vehicle driver a pleasant pedal sensation in the "brake-by-wire" operating mode, the brake systems usually comprise a brake pedal sensation simulation device. In these brake systems, the wheel brakes can also be activated on the basis of electronic signals without active participation by the vehicle driver. These electronic signals can be output, for example, by an electronic stability program or an adaptive cruise control system.
International patent application WO 2010/091883 A1, which is incorporated by reference, discloses a brake system with a brake booster whose master brake cylinder is driven mechanically by an electric motor. The master brake cylinder is hydraulically connected to four wheel brakes, wherein the wheel brakes can be disconnected from the master brake cylinder by means of a switching valve in each case. In order to operate the brake system, knowledge of the pressure/volume characteristic curve of the individual wheel brakes is important. In accordance with WO 2010/091883 A1, the pressure/volume characteristic curve is recorded individually for each wheel brake when the vehicle is in a stationary state, by detecting the volume given knowledge of the master brake cylinder pressure over the corresponding piston travel of the master brake cylinder. It is felt to be disadvantageous here that this method can be carried out only to a chronologically limited extent, specifically when the vehicle is stationary. Furthermore, the execution of this method is felt to be disadvantageous both when the brake pedal is activated and when the brake pedal is unactivated. In the case of an activated brake pedal, it is, under certain circumstances, impossible to obtain a sufficient braking effect via one wheel to stop the vehicle reliably. In the event of the brake system being currently serviced, the servicing personnel could be injured by the clamping force at the wheel brake in the case of a brake pedal which is unactivated. The method which is described in WO 2010/091883 A1 should therefore not be carried out during ongoing operation but only during servicing, with separate triggering.

Method for determining a pressure/volume characteristic curve of a wheel brake


A method of manufacturing an article of footwear includes providing a yarn that is at least partially package dyed. The method also includes flat knitting a knitted component at least partially from the yarn. The knitted component has an area with a density of at least twenty-eight courses per inch (28 CPI). Moreover, the method includes forming at least a portion of an upper of the article of footwear with the knitted component.

The present disclosure relates generally to knitted components, and, in particular, to a knitted component at least partially formed from package dyed yarns.
Conventional articles of footwear generally include two primary elements: an upper and a sole structure. The upper is secured to the sole structure and forms a void on the interior of the footwear for comfortably and securely receiving a foot. The sole structure is secured to a lower area of the upper, thereby being positioned between the upper and the ground. In athletic footwear, for example, the sole structure may include a midsole and an outsole. The midsole often includes a polymer foam material that attenuates ground reaction forces to lessen stresses upon the foot and leg during walking, running, and other ambulatory activities. Additionally, the midsole may include fluid-filled chambers, plates, moderators, or other elements that further attenuate forces, enhance stability, or influence the motions of the foot. The outsole is secured to a lower surface of the midsole and provides a ground-engaging portion of the sole structure formed from a durable and wear-resistant material, such as rubber. The sole structure may also include a sockliner positioned within the void and proximal a lower surface of the foot to enhance footwear comfort.
The upper generally extends over the instep and toe areas of the foot, along the medial and lateral sides of the foot, under the foot, and around the heel area of the foot. In some articles of footwear, such as basketball footwear and boots, the upper may extend upward and around the ankle to provide support or protection for the ankle. Access to the void on the interior of the upper is generally provided by an ankle opening in a heel region of the footwear. A lacing system is often incorporated into the upper to adjust the fit of the upper, thereby permitting entry and removal of the foot from the void within the upper. The lacing system also permits the wearer to modify certain dimensions of the upper, particularly girth, to accommodate feet with varying dimensions. In addition, the upper may include a tongue that extends under the lacing system to enhance adjustability of the footwear, and the upper may incorporate a heel counter to limit movement of the heel.
A variety of material elements (e.g., textiles, polymer foam, polymer sheets, leather, synthetic leather) are conventionally used in manufacturing the upper. In athletic footwear, for example, the upper may have multiple layers that each includes a variety of joined material elements. As examples, the material elements may be selected to impart stretch-resistance, wear-resistance, flexibility, air-permeability, compressibility, comfort, and moisture-wicking to different areas of the upper. In order to impart the different properties to different areas of the upper, material elements are often cut to desired shapes and then joined together, usually with stitching or adhesive bonding. Moreover, the material elements are often joined in a layered configuration to impart multiple properties to the same areas. As the number and type of material elements incorporated into the upper increases, the time and expense associated with transporting, stocking, cutting, and joining the material elements may also increase. Waste material from cutting and stitching processes also accumulates to a greater degree as the number and type of material elements incorporated into the upper increases. Moreover, uppers with a greater number of material elements may be more difficult to recycle than uppers formed from fewer types and numbers of material elements. By decreasing the number of material elements used in the upper, therefore, waste may be decreased while increasing the manufacturing efficiency and recyclability of the upper.
Uppers that include knitted components have been proposed to address these concerns. The knitted component can include a predetermined number of yarns, strands, filaments, fibers, wires, threads, composite yarns, and/or other suitable knitting materials, that are knitted together to define at least a portion of the upper. Accordingly, the knitted component and, thus, the upper can be manufactured in an efficient manner. Also, including the knitted component in the upper can reduce waste, and the knitted component can provide the upper with attractive aesthetic properties.
Typically, the yarns or strands included in knitted components are solution dyed to provide the yarns with a desirable color. More specifically, in a solution dyeing process, the yarns are extruded from colored pellets of polymeric material. The extruded yarns, thus, get their color from the pellets themselves. However, producing colored yarns through the solution dyeing process can be relatively expensive and labor intensive. Thus, there is a need for improved methods of forming knitted components with colored yarns.


A snow removing machine which throws up snow collected by an auger with a blower and throws out the snow via a chute is provided. The chute is provided on a blower housing enclosing the blower. The chute is placed on the right or left of the blower housing in a body width direction, so as to receive snow thrown up by centrifugal force of the blower. In a dead space on the opposite side to the chute, a control unit for controlling rotations of electric motors and so on and a battery for supplying power to the electric motors are disposed.

A snow removing machine which collects snow by an auger, throws up the collected snow by a blower, and throws out the thrown-up snow by a chute is known. In particular, a snow removing machine having a battery for supplying power to electrical components and a control unit for controlling the electrical components is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. 2000-80621.
The snow removing machine disclosed in that publication has a large body, providing a relatively large space on each of the right and left sides of an engine even if the engine is disposed at about the center of the body. A battery is disposed in a space on the left of the engine, and a control unit is disposed in a space on the right of the engine.
The large snow removing machine is a heavy load, requiring a relatively large operating force for snow removing operations. There is thus a demand for practical small snow removing machines which can be easily operated by a small operating force.
Since small snow removing machines have a small body, it is difficult for them, when an engine is mounted to the body, to provide spaces on the right and left of the body for disposing a battery and a control unit. It is thus necessary to dispose the battery and the control unit at other places.
However, since the battery and the control unit are relatively heavy loads, it is necessary to determine the places where these components are disposed, considering the weight balance of the snow removing machine. It is thus desired, in small snow removing machines, to dispose a battery and a control unit in such a manner as to maintain a good weight balance.
A snow removing machine having a controller for detecting, with sensors, the orientation of a chute, the inclination of a chute cap and the traveled distance, and adjusting the orientation of the chute and the inclination of the chute cap based on the detected values, is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open Publication No. HEI-2-136122. The controller is mounted to a control box provided between right and left handle bars.
Means of mounting the controller to the control box may be bolting. However, when the controller is directly bolted to the control box, vibration transmitted from a travel device and a snow removing device to the body of the snow removing machine is directly transmitted to the controller through the right and left handle bars and the control box. Consequently, the controller can vibrate, affecting the control. It is thus desired to reduce vibration acting on the controller.


A method, computer readable medium, and system generate a low-latency image for display. The method includes the steps of receiving a portion of an image for display, selecting a pulse-width value for displaying the portion of the image, and driving a display device to present the portion of the image using a pulse-width value and pulse density modulation value. Logic circuits for implementing the method may be included in a graphics processing unit or within a display device. The portion of the image for display may be rendered based on real-time position information associated with a head-mounted display.

A head-mounted display system tracks user head motion relative to a rendered scene and updates the rendered scene in real time based on the head motion. Such head-mounted display systems can provide a visually immersive virtual-reality experience. However, most users are extremely sensitive to total latency, measured from head motion to corresponding display update. Total latencies as low as 10 milliseconds commonly produce unpleasant user experiences, and can even provoke nausea and general discomfort. Furthermore, conventional techniques for rendering and displaying images within a head-mounted display system may caused perceived blurring of fine detail on what should be seen as fine, stationary image detail when a user moves their head. Such blurring may occur when total latencies exceed innate vestibulo-ocular reflex response times.
Conventional rendering systems generate whole frames and display the frames at fixed refresh rates ranging from 60 Hz (16.6 milliseconds) to 120 Hz (8.3 milliseconds), leaving no latency budget or very little latency budget for associated motion sensing and image rendering. Consequently, conventional rendering systems may cause perceived blurring and commonly provoke nausea or other unpleasant experiences in users. Thus, there is a need for addressing these issues and/or other issues associated with the prior art.


A power supply circuit including a high-potential-side voltage generation circuit and a low-potential-side voltage generation circuit which respectively generate a high-potential-side voltage and a low-potential-side voltage to be supplied to a common electrode, and alternately supplying the high-potential-side voltage and the low-potential-side voltage to the common electrode as a common electrode voltage so that polarity of the common electrode voltage is the same in consecutive first and second horizontal scan periods. When a precharge voltage of data lines in a precharge period in the first horizontal scan period is higher than the average voltage of the data lines set after the precharge period, the power supply circuit controls the supply capability of the common electrode voltage in a precharge period of the data lines in the second horizontal scan period.

The present invention relates to a power supply circuit, a display driver, an electro-optical device, an electronic instrument, and a method of controlling a power supply circuit.
As a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel (display panel in a broad sense) used in an electronic instrument such as a portable telephone, a simple matrix type LCD panel and an active matrix type LCD panel using a switch element such as a thin film transistor (hereinafter abbreviated as "TFT") have been known.
The simple matrix type LCD panel easily reduces power consumption in comparison with the active matrix type LCD panel. However, it is difficult to increase the number of colors and display a video in the simple matrix type LCD panel. The active matrix type LCD panel is suitable for increasing the number of colors and displaying a video. However, it is difficult to reduce power consumption of the active matrix type LCD panel.
In recent years, an increase in the number of colors and display of a video have been increasingly demanded for a portable electronic instrument such as a portable telephone in order to display a high-quality image. Therefore, the active matrix type LCD panel has been widely used instead of the simple matrix type LCD panel.
The simple matrix type LCD panel or the active matrix type LCD panel is driven so that the voltage applied to a liquid crystal forming a pixel is alternately changed. As such an alternating drive method, a line inversion drive and a field inversion drive (frame inversion drive) have been known. In the line inversion drive, the polarity of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal is reversed in scan line units. An N-line inversion drive is also known in which the line inversion drive is performed in units of two or more scan lines. In the field inversion drive, the polarity of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal is reversed in field (frame) units.
The voltage level applied to a pixel electrode forming a pixel can be decreased by changing a common electrode voltage (common voltage) supplied to a common electrode opposite to the pixel electrode corresponding to inversion drive timing.
The inversion drive increases power consumption since an electric charge is repeatedly charged and discharged. JP-A-2004-184840 discloses a technology of reducing power consumption by reutilizing an electric charge discharged from a data line of the LCD panel.
However, the pixel electrode, to which a data voltage supplied to the data line from a data driver is applied, is capacitively coupled with the common electrode. Therefore, the voltage level of the common electrode changes due to a change in the voltage supplied to the pixel electrode. A change in the voltage level of the common electrode causes deterioration of the image quality. Therefore, the power supply capability of a power supply circuit which supplies the common electrode voltage is determined taking into consideration the maximum value of the amount of electric charge which must be charged or discharged in order to prevent a change in the voltage level of the common electrode. Therefore, the power supply circuit unnecessarily consumes power when the power supply capability is not required.
The data driver which supplies the data voltage corresponding to grayscale data to the data line of the LCD panel may precharge the data line before supplying the data voltage to the data line. The voltage level of the data line can be promptly set at a desired data voltage by precharging the heavily-loaded data line, so that deterioration of the image quality can be prevented.
While deterioration of the image quality can be prevented by precharging the data line, the data voltage supplied to the data line from the data driver significantly affects current consumption during the data line precharge operation in the subsequent horizontal scan period. Specifically, the amount of the current consumption during the precharge operation in the subsequent horizontal scan period is increased or decreased depending on the data voltage in the preceding horizontal scan period. It was found that power consumption can be reduced by reducing the above-mentioned effect.

Power supply circuit, display driver, electro-optical device, electronic instrument, and method of controlling power supply circuit


The portable communication terminal includes a body, a folder, a first hinge unit mounted on an upper surface of the body to rotatably connect the folder to the body, for providing a semi-automatic opening and closing force, a rotatable socket mounted on a bottom surface of the body, having a second hinge axis to be parallel with a first hinge axis, and rotatably connected to the body by a second hinge unit adjacent to the first hinge unit, and a power supply unit detachably attached to the rotatable socket in parallel, and rotating in a direction toward or away from the body while facing the bottom surface of the body, so that a free end of the power supply unit contacts the ground to slantingly support the body.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a portable communication terminal including cellular phones, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), Hand-Held Phones (HHPs), game phones, camera phones, and the like, and more particularly to a self-cradling type portable communication terminal having a self-cradling function.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, a "portable communication terminal" refers to an electronic device which a user can carry while wirelessly communicating with another user. In consideration of portability, design of such a portable communication terminal has tended not only toward compactness, slimness and lightness, but also toward providing multimedia capabilities to enable the user to pursue a wider variety of functions. In particular, future portable communication terminals will be not only used for many functions while still being compact and light, but also be modified to be suitable for functioning in a multimedia environment and for providing internet access and functions. Additionally, such portable communication terminals may be used by men and women, young and old, anywhere in the world, and are recognized as a necessity which the user always carries.
Conventional portable communication terminals are classified into various types depending on their appearance such as bar-type portable communication terminals, flip-type portable communication terminals, and folder-type portable communication terminals. Further, portable communication terminals are classified as neck wearable type terminals and wrist wearable type terminals depending on the position at or the way in which the user wears the terminal. Additionally, portable communication terminals are classified as rotation-type terminals and sliding-type terminals depending on the methods of opening and closing the terminals.
Further, each of the conventional portable terminals has been converted to enable a voice communication as well as a high-speed data communication. As consumer demands have increased, various services have been provided using wireless communication technology for transmitting and receiving data at a high speed.
With respect to the portable communication terminals as described above, the user has cradled the portable communication terminal using a purchased separate cradle, or cradled the portable communication terminal using a purchased separate charger while charging the terminal. In addition, the user has slantingly cradled the portable communication terminal on the purchased separate cradle, and comfortably viewed various images or moving pictures displayed on a displaying unit of the terminal.
However, it is not economical to purchase a separate cradle in order to cradle the portable communication terminal. Further, there is a disadvantage in that the charger must be carried with the user when the portable communication terminal is cradled and charged by using a provided separate charger.
For example, if the user does not carry the charger because it is inconvenient to carry the charger, it is difficult to charge and cradle the portable communication terminal, causing inconvenience to the user.

Self-cradling type portable communication terminal


A method detects a first baseband signal sent by a first sending station via an air interface to a first radio station of a radio communications system. A first receive signal, which contains the first baseband signal superposed with at least a second baseband signal sent by a second sending station to a second radio station, is received by the first radio station. The first radio station uses at least a second receive signal received by the second radio station for detection of the first baseband signal. The second receive signal contains at least the second baseband signal, and is used to at least partially cancel the interference in the first receive signal caused by the second baseband signal.

The invention concerns a method for detecting a first baseband signal sent by a first sending station via an air interface to a first radio station of a radio communications system as well as a respective first radio station and a respective radio communications system.
In recent years, much research has been conducted on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems and a large number of algorithms have been developed, mostly for wireless LAN (Local Area Network) and partly for cellular radio communication systems. They have been proposed to support a single terminal with multiple antennas (as in MIMO WLAN or HSDPA) or to support multiple terminals, both from a single base station with multiple antennas (which is called space-division multiple access, SDMA). These approaches can partly be used to cancel interference provided that there are unused degrees of freedom, i.e., less terminal antennas than base station antennas.
When for instance in the up-link terminals and base stations are well synchronized and the channels between all terminals and base stations are known, the multi-user multi cell scenario can be regarded as a generalized MIMO channel, where terminal antennas form the inputs and the antennas at multiple base stations the outputs.
It is well known under the term service area concept that joint transmission and detection of user signals controlled by a central unit can cancel the interference within a service area—which has two or more base stations—completely. In the ideal case of so-called "writing on dirty paper" inter-cell interference can be cancelled without any performance degradation.
The centralized service area concept suffers from high complexity. In principle, the larger a service area the larger the complexity and, of course, the more interference can be cancelled inside the service area. Previous investigations showed however that the service area concept works fine inside a service area but the same problems as for single cells without coordination arise now on a larger scale at the boundaries of the service area.
The service area concept requires interconnections with high data rate to transport the signals from all base stations to one central unit where a computationally complex problem must be solved. Note that the complexity rises at least with the third order of the number of base stations involved. It is not taken into account that at some locations only little interference may be present. This is handled in the same manner as high interference.
In X. Tao, C. Tang, Z. Dai, X. Xu, B. Liu, P. Zhang "Capacity Analysis for a Generalized Distributed Antenna Architecture for Beyond 3G Systems" in Proc. VTC Spring 2005, Stockholm, Sweden, Vol. 5, pp. 3193-3196, a sliding group-cell concept has been proposed in which a central unit has been used. When a terminal moves through a service area, the central unit forms subgroups of cells for joint transmission and detection in order to reduce the complexity. When the terminal is mobile, the position is tracked and new subgroups are formed.
In A. Vanelli-Coralli, R. Padovani, J. Hou, J. E. Smee, "Capacity of Cell Clusters with Coordinated Processing", USCD Inaugural workshop on Information theory and it's applications", La Jolla, Calif., Feb. 6-10, 2006, the service area concept is denoted as scenario C.

Method, system and radio station for interference cancellation

Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung E.v.