A column for removing poisons and/or other undesired substances from a liquid mixture. The column has a mixture of inactive filler particles and active granules positioned therein, with said filler particles being substantially larger than said active granules, (which are selected from adsorbing material and ion-exchanging material). The filler particles are in fixed contact relationship with each other and the active granules completely fill the spaces between the filler particles.

The present invention relates to a column for removing poisons and/or other undesired substances from a liquid mixture. More particularly, the present invention relates to a column for detoxification of blood.
One such column system is disclosed in British Pat. No. 1,482,071. This British Patent discloses a column formed from a biocompatible synthetic polymer material and having inlet and outlet ports for the liquid to be treated. The column is filled with absorptive particulate material, such as activated carbon, located between support means at each end of the column. The construction of the column is said to be such that "non-absorbing dead spaces" between the inlet and outlet ports are minimized.
In a similar vein, U.S. Pat. No. 2,682,268 discloses a column for treating blood comprising a chamber 10 closed at each end by a reticulated screen 12 adapted to hold a granular treatment material 14 in place in the chamber. The chamber 10 is also provided at each end with a suitable end connection 16. The granular treatment material 14, for example, an ion-exchange resin or the like, occupies the volume between the screens 12 to such an extent as to maintain the shape of the body of the column during shipping or handling, but the treatment material does not quite fill the chamber.
Canadian Pat. No. 982,060 discloses a column 10 for removing urea from dialysate solution. The column is filled with at least two layers, one layer being zirconium phosphate 32 and the other being urease in combination with a urease-retaining material 28. The urease-retaining material renders the enzyme urease water-insoluble but allows the urease to retain its ability to enzymatically decompose urea. Magnesium silicate is disclosed as a suitable urease-retaining material. As a liquid containing urea is passed through the urease-retaining layer, the urease converts the urea to ammonium carbonate. The liquid is then passed through the zirconium phosphate layer, which picks up the ammonium ions and replaces them with hydrogen and sodium ions.
Such columns can be used to remove poisons from, for example, blood. However, such columns have certain disadvantages since the same column may not be suitable for use in the treatment of both adults and children. For example, a completely different column capacity is required for detoxification of an adult person than is necessary for a child. Also, it is sometimes necessary to keep the extracorporeal portion of blood considerably smaller with children than with adults.
These column requirements can, of course, be met by using columns of different sizes. However, this requires manufacturing of and maintaining of a stock of such variously sized columns.
Furthermore, when the size of the column is modified, the hydrodynamic conditions in the column are altered. This alteration leads to uncertainty in the results achieved by the treatment and may even substantially complicate the treatment.

Column for the removal of undesired substances from a liquid mixture


A valve includes: (i) a valve seat; (ii) a guide assembly including a check portion, the guide assembly being configured to move between a first closed position where the check portion contacts the valve seat and a first open position where the check portion is spaced apart from the valve seat; (iii) a plurality of guides that are sized and configured to contact an outer perimeter of the guide assembly to axially align the guide assembly at least when (a) the guide assembly is in the first closed position and (b) the guide assembly is in the first open position; (iv) a plurality of channels, each of the plurality of channels being located between at least two of the plurality of guides.

Filler valves for selectively flowing liquid propane from an original source, such as a tank mounted to a liquid propane truck, to an ultimate destination, such as a propane tank or receptacle, are generally known. An entrance of the filler valve is typically connected to a nozzle of a hose, which extends to the tank. In such a case, the nozzle of the hose would serve as the direct source of fluid into the filler valve. An exit of the filler valve is typically connected to the receptacle, which serves as the destination of fluid. The fluid may enter a storage portion of the receptacle directly from the filler valve or may pass through a series of valves and/or conduits located inside and/or outside the receptacle before reaching the storage portion of the receptacle. A filler valve (also called a double-check valve) is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,215,117 to Petersen et al., which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Some filler valves open in response to pressure applied by the propane source. For these filler valves to fully open, the pressure differential between the source and the destination must be high. Sometimes the pressure differential is low, such as in cases where the filler valve and fluid source are separated from one another by a long hose. By way of example, this can occur when a tanker truck source is at street level and a receptacle is elevated above street level (e.g., on the second or third story of a building). In these circumstances, the filler valve may only partially or slightly open. The partial opening enables fluid flow from the source to the destination, but the partial opening also causes internal components (e.g., a poppet) of the filler to radially oscillate and thus collide. These collisions generate a loud and distracting rattling noise.
Consequently, a new filler valve is needed that discourages and reduces internal collisions, thus lowering the volume of (or entirely preventing) the unwanted rattling noise.


A cutting device may include a main body supported on the upper side of a base. The main body includes a rotary blade and a fixed cover partially covering the rotary blade. A handle is attached to the fixed cover and extends rearward therefrom.

Some known cutting devices, such as circular saws, are designed to be used to cut a workpiece while the user is standing or crouching (bending over) and one foot is (or both feet are) on the workpiece. For example, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-089101 discloses a cutting device designed to cut a workpiece while the user is standing. This cutting device has a D-shaped handle that can be grasped by the user to hold and control the cutting device. The D-shaped handle extends from a portion of the main body of the cutting device rearward of the rotary blade so that the handle extends rearward, by a relatively large distance, from a rear end of a base that supports the main body. The cutting device further includes an electric motor serving as the drive device for the rotary blade. The electric motor has a motor shaft whose axis intersects the rotational axis of a spindle, on which the rotary blade is mounted. Therefore, the motor shaft extends along a direction parallel to the cutting plane of the rotary blade. A high precision and relatively expensive reduction gear train operably couples the output shaft of the electric motor to the spindle. For example, a suitable reduction gear train is a hypoid gear train manufactured by the Gleason Corporation of Rochester, N.Y. that includes an output spiral bevel gear and an input spiral bevel gear arranged such that their rotational axes are offset from each other.
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2011-183463 and its family member US 2011/0214547 disclose a cutting device having a relatively small size. The cutting device has a circular, elongated (or rod-shaped) handle extending from a rearward portion of the main body of the cutting device and rearward of the rotary blade. In this cutting device, an electric motor serves as the drive device and is arranged such that its motor shaft extends parallel to the spindle that rotatably drives the rotary blade.
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2015-178154 and its family member US 2015/0266201 disclose a cutting device (portable circular saw) having a handle that is attached to the motor housing at a position substantially corresponding to a rear half of a fixed cover of the main body and near a rotary blade.
In many known designs for portable cutting devices (e.g., circular saws), the handle extends from the tool main body in the vicinity of substantially the rear half of the fixed cover that covers the rotary blade (on the side of the fixed cover opposite of an open side that exposes the circular saw blade, i.e. the side of the fixed cover adjacent to the motor housing) and is at least partially proximal (adjacent) to the rotary blade that cuts a workpiece, similar to the handle arrangement disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2015-178154 and US 2015/0266201. This arrangement of the handle is intended to ensure that the portion of the main body that supports the handle is sufficiently rigid (strong) to stiffly support the handle and prevent possible bending of the handle at (about) the support portion, which may be caused by an externally-applied force. The rigidity (or stiffness) of the portion of the main body that supports the handle will be hereinafter called "support rigidity." On the other hand, in the handle arrangements disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication Nos. 2003-089101 and 2011-183463 and US 2011/0214547, the handle is designed to extend rearward, by a relatively large distance, from a portion of the tool main body adjacent to the rear half of the fixed cover. Therefore, these handle arrangements may exhibit insufficient support rigidity at the handle support portion.


A reflector is arranged at a first position, which is assigned to a first end of the object. An antenna-system is arranged at a second position, which is assigned to a second end of the object. The antenna system contains a transmit antenna and a receive antenna, while the reflector and the antenna-system are coupled by a radio signal. The radio signal is sent from the transmit antenna via the reflector towards the receive antenna. The receive antenna is connected with an evaluation unit, which is prepared to measure the deflection between the first end of the object and the second end of the object based on the received radio signal.

Blades of modern wind turbines are quite long—they are up to 45 meters long or even more. Thus their shape and their characteristics need to be optimized, especially to prevent that turning blades hit the tower while the wind turbine is in operation.
Especially the deflection or bending of the blade near its tip-end needs to be known to prevent those damages.
It is known to attach strain gauges on the blade-surface. They are mainly used for test purposes to gather a certain knowledge about the blade when it is stressed.
The installation of gauges and the installation of their electrical cabling needed is expensive, especially asides a wind turbine which is in operation. The equipment (especially the cabling) is exposed to lightning strikes, thus the gauges are mainly used for time-limited test purposes.
It is known to use distance-measurement-systems to measure blade-deflections. Parts of the system (like a reflector for wireless transmitted optical signals) are arranged inside a cavity of the blade, while other parts of the system (like an optical transmitter and/or optical receiver) are arranged inside the hub of the wind turbine.
Only a certain blade-deflection can be measured by theses systems due to the location of the system-parts. The deflection of the tip-end of the blade can only be approximated as the cavity is not elongated towards the tip-end of the blade.

Arrangement to measure the deflection of an object


The present disclosure relates to a monoclonal antibody specifically binding to human Long Interspersed Element-1 ORF2 encoded protein (L1-ORF2p) obtained from hybridoma chA1, and derivatives and uses thereof, including for prediction of response of cancer patients to NNRTI treatments. It also relates to a method for early detection of cell transformation in pre-neoplastic tissues of a human subject, comprising detecting in cells of a pre-neoplastic tissue sample from said subject the expression of L1-ORF2p, wherein the expression of L1-ORF2p indicates the presence of cell transformation in said pre-neoplastic tissues. It also relates to a method for detecting progression of colon adenoma in a human subject suffering from colon adenoma, based on detection of an increase of L1-ORF2p expression.

LINE-1 (Long Interspersed Elements, L1) elements are the largest family of human retrotransposons, which are mobile genetic elements spreading in the human genome via RNA intermediates that are reverse transcribed in cDNA copies inserted into the genome. The L1 family of retrotransposons consists of about 0.5×106 copies which collectively account for ˜17% of the human genome (International Human Genome Consortium, 2001). Each functional L1 copy contains two open reading frames, ORF1 and ORF2, that are expressed as a bicistronic RNA. ORF1 and ORF2 encode a 40-kDa RNA-binding protein (ORF1p) and a 150 kDa polyprotein (ORF2p), respectively. ORF2p includes an N-terminal endonuclease domain and an adjacent reverse transcriptase (RT) domain (Mathias et al., 1991). Therefore, RT is expressed as part of the L1-ORF2 polyprotein. Only 80-100 L1 copies in the human genome are full-length and retrotransposition-competent (Brouha et al., 2003), whereas the vast majority of genomic L1 copies are truncated at their 5′ end and thus not mobile (Szak et al., 2002). This implies that, although not retrotransposition-competent, L1 elements have a high potential for producing RT (encoded by the central region of an intact ORF2) and highlights the notion that the transcriptional capability of the high number of genomic elements provides cells with a large source of RT activity. Notably, L1-encoded endogenous RT is generally expressed at higher levels in these cells that are characterized by a low differentiation states and high proliferation levels (e.g. transformed cells) (reviewed by Sinibaldi-Vallebona et al., 2011), while differentiated, quiescent cells offer less permissive contexts for RT expression (Shi et al., 2007). Clarification of the role of L1 RT in the tumorigenic process, if any, is needed.
To assess the role of L1 RT in cancer, two sets of experiments were carried out: in the first set of experiments, L1 RT was pharmacologically inhibited in tumorigenic cell lines using non-nucleoside RT inhibitors currently used in AIDS therapies, i.e. nevirapine or efavirenz (WO03055493A1; Mangiacasale et al., 2003; Landriscina et al., 2005; Sciamanna et al., 2005; Sciamanna et al., 2013), while in the second set, the expression of RT encoding L1 elements, the major source of RT activity in human cancer cells (Brouha et al., 2003), was downregulated by RNA interference (RNAi) (Sciamanna et al., 2005; Oricchio et al., 2007). Both approaches consistently resulted in reduced proliferation and enhanced differentiation of cancer cells, with clear changes of cell morphology and global alteration of the transcription profiles of both coding and non-coding RNAs while, by contrast, no appreciable effects were observed in non-transformed cells (Sciamanna et al., 2013). Moreover, RNAi-mediated L1 downregulation drastically reduced the tumorigenic potential of tumor cells in xenografted nude mice models of cancer (Oricchio et al., 2007). RT inhibitors exert a powerful anti-cancer effect also in in vivo assays, as efavirenz treatment of mice xenografted with a variety of human tumorigenic cells caused the arrest, or a significant reduction, of tumor progression (Sciamanna et al., 2005). In the last few years these conclusions were confirmed by the results from other laboratories which exposed various human tumorigenic cell lines to both nucleoside (Rossi et al., 2009; Carlini et al., 2010; Aschacher et al., 2012) and non-nucleoside (Stefanidis et al., 2008; Dong et al., 2013; Patnala et al., 2014) RT inhibitors. On these grounds, L1 RT has been regarded as a potential target in phase II trials to assess the efficacy of a novel cancer differentiation therapy (Houédé et al., 2014). Since L1-encoded ORF1p and ORF2p are detected in a variety of human cancer tissues (Rodic et al., 2014; Harris et al., 2010; Chen et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2013; Su et al., 2007), L1-ORF2 encoded RT is an attractive target for new anticancer therapies.
The time at which L1 RT becomes expressed during cancer onset or progression and the variations in L1 RT expression level during cancer progression are less clear. In a murine model of spontaneous breast cancer (MMTV-PyVT transgenic mice), Gualtieri et al., 2013 found, using a polyclonal antibody directed against mouse LINE-1 ORF2p, that L1-ORF2p is not expressed in healthy tissue but is expressed already at the first stage of cancerous transformation, and that its global (cytoplasmic+nuclear) expression increases with cancer progression.
However, Chen et al., 2012 found, using an affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti-L1-ORF2p, that L1-ORF2p is not expressed in human non-tumor cell lines or tissue, but is expressed in breast ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) and in invasive breast cancer, but that global (cytoplasmic+nuclear) L1-ORF2p expression is higher in breast DCIS than in invasive breast cancer, and thus decreases with breast cancer progression.
In addition, Rodic et al., 2014 found that the level of LINE-1 expression was correlated to histological hallmarks of aggressive neoplasms, and suggest that "LINE-1 expression may be an acquired feature not seen frequently in early pre-neoplastic lesions or low-grade tumors, but rather restricted to high-grade lesions at more advanced phases of tumorigenesis", which is also in contrast to what has been observed in a murine model by Gualtieri et al., 2013.
The reasons for the discrepancy of these results are not clear. It may illustrate that findings obtained in a murine model are not predictive of corresponding findings in humans. However, it might also be linked to some unreliability of results obtained using polyclonal anti-L1-ORF2p antibodies, the high specificity of which for L1-ORF2p may be questioned. Similarly, it has to be noted that initial reports of the presence of L1 RT in cancer cells in Mangiacasale et al., 2003 were based on the use of an anti-HIV RT monoclonal antibody, the ability to specifically recognize L1-ORF2p of which may be questioned. Discrepancies may also reflect differences between different tumors or individual variability, thus making interpretation of the above mentioned results quite difficult.
WO2014004945 suggest the use of the expression level of L1 ORF1p in human patients, in particular in their serum or plasma, as a biomarker of cancer, for early diagnosis of cancer. However, ORF1 and ORF2 are two different coding domains of L1 elements, exhibiting different localization, structure and biological functions: the former is an RNA-binding protein while the latter codes for reverse transcriptase and nuclease enzymes. Study of ORF1 could in no way suggest predictions for the role(s) of ORF2. This further illustrated by the fact that no connection between the levels of ORF1p and ORF2p expression was found in another study (Dai et al., 2014).
In addition to the importance of determining the potential causative role of L1 RT in cancer onset and progression, it is also crucial to be able to detect, for a particular cancer patient, whether or not its cancer cells express human L1-ORF2p. Indeed, as explained above, human L1-ORF2p is believed to be expressed in a number of cancers, and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) and in particular efavirenz, have been proposed as new anticancer treatments (see Mangiacasale et al., 2003; Landriscina et al., 2005; Sciamanna et al., 2005; Sciamanna et al., 2013). However, administering NNRTI treatment to a subject whose cancer cells do not express human L1-ORF2p would be useless, and the ability to reliably detect human L1-ORF2p in cancer tissue, with high sensitivity and specificity is thus of huge importance.
There was thus a need for a reliable mean to measure L1-ORF2p expression, in order to be able to reliably assess the expression of L1-ORF2p in precancerous lesions and in various stages of cancer.
However, since L1-ORF2p amino acid sequence is well conserved in mammals, and more generally in vertebrates, the production of an anti-L1-ORF2p antibody was not an easy task, since human L1-ORF2p is very close to non-foreign animal L1-ORF2p. In particular, human and mouse L1-ORF2p amino acid sequences are extremely well conserved and differ from each other only in few regions of the amino acid sequence. A mouse will normally generate antibody responses only against protein or peptides recognized as foreign. In addition, it is well known in the art that not all peptides of a protein are immunogenic. As a result, generating a murine anti-human L1-ORF2p monoclonal antibody was not obvious.
In some cases, antibodies directed to other reverse transcriptases (RT), such as HIV RT, have been used for detection of human L1-ORF2p (Mangiacasale et al., 2003). However, due to differences between HIV RT and human L1-ORF2p, recognition of human L1-ORF2p is not really specific and not very sensitive (see Example 5 below).
In addition, despite the above mentioned difficulties, several anti-human L1-ORF2p antibodies have nevertheless been generated. However, these antibodies are not suitable for the above mentioned purpose of reliably detecting human L1-ORF2p in cancer tissue, with high sensitivity and specificity. In particular, prior art anti-human L1-ORF2p antibodies were generally polyclonal, which means that they are available only until all generated polyclonal antibody has been used, which is not appropriate for clinical detection, for which durable use of the same reference anti-human L1-ORF2p antibody is desirable. Moreover, while prior art anti-human L1-ORF2p antibodies are able to detect overexpressed human L1-ORF2p when cells are transfected by an expression vector of human L1-ORF2p, they are generally unable to detect endogenous human L1-ORF2p naturally expressed by cancer cells (see Examples 5 and 7 below). Furthermore, while tumor tissues are generally available as tissue sections and a preferred mean for detecting human L1-ORF2p expression would be immunohistochemistry, prior art antibodies are unable to detect endogenous human L1-ORF2p expression in cancer tissue (see Example 7 below).
Notably, Goodier et al., 2004 disclose two rabbit polyclonal anti-human L1-ORF2p antibodies: an anti-ORF2-C antibody directed to amino acids 1259-1275 of human L1-ORF2p sequence and an anti-ORF2-N polyclonal antibody directed to amino acids 154-167 of human L1-ORF2p sequence (peptide DRSTRQKVNKDTQE (SEQ ID NO:9) of the endonuclease domain). FIG. 2 of Goodier et al., 2004 presents immunoblot analysis of L1-ORF2p in an artificial system constituted by human 143B osteosarcoma cells transfected with a L1-ORF2p-overexpressing construct using the two above mentioned rabbit polyclonal anti-human L1-ORF2p antibodies. As clearly shown, only overexpressed L1-ORF2p can be detected (lanes 1-3,8), while endogenously expressed protein is not detected at all (lane 7). Moreover, when using the anti-ORF2-N polyclonal antibody directed to peptide DRSTRQKVNKDTQE (SEQ ID NO:9) of the endonuclease domain, high background is present in lanes 2-3. One of these two rabbit polyclonal anti-human L1-ORF2p antibodies has also been used in immunoblot analysis of human L1-ORF2p in an artificial system constituted by HeLa cells transfected with various human L1-ORF2p-overexpressing constructs (see FIG. 2B of Doucet et al., 2010). Clearly, endogenous human L1-ORF2p is also not detected in non-transfected HeLa cells using this antibody. In addition, no data has been provided showing that these rabbit polyclonal anti-human L1-ORF2p antibodies would be able to detect human L1-ORF2p by immunohistochemistry.
Sokolowski et al. recently disclosed a murine monoclonal antibody directed to human L1-ORF2p (Sokolowski M et al, 2014). This murine monoclonal antibody directed to human L1-ORF2p has been generated by immunizing mice with a bacterially purified endonuclease domain of the human L1-ORF2 protein. While the epitope recognized by this antibody has not been completely identified, it has been shown that amino acid 205 is included into the recognized epitope. Data presented in this article show that this antibody recognizes overexpressed but not native L1-ORF2p in HeLa cell line, and is thus not enough sensitive to detect endogenous L1-ORF2p in cancer cell lines. In addition, only immunoblot data are presented in this article, and there is thus no demonstration that this antibody is able to detect L1-ORF2p in immunochemistry assays, on cancer sample tissues.
Further attempts to generate antibodies to L1-ORF2p are disclosed in Table 1 of Dai et al., 2014. Among all tested antibodies directed to L1-ORF2p, most detected only overexpressed ORF2p (see column "Endogenous or overexpressed") and not endogenous L1-ORF2p. Only two are mentioned to detect endogenous ORF2p, one is directed to rat L1-ORF2p and does not detect above background level human ORF2p of non-transfected HeLa cells (see FIG. 8B of Kirilyuk et al, 2008), the other is a polyclonal antibody (see Chen et al, 2012). Therefore, despite several attempts to generate monoclonal antibodies able to recognize human L1-ORF2p, none of the antibodies of the prior art was able to detect endogenous human L1-ORF2p.
However, for the above mentioned purpose of selecting cancer patients for NNRTI treatment based on expression of L1-ORF2p by their cancer, a monoclonal anti-human L1-ORF2p antibody that is both sensitive enough to detect endogenous L1-ORF2p in cancer cells and able to detect L1-ORF2p in immunochemistry assays, on cancer sample tissues, is needed.

Monoclonal antibody to human line-1 ORF2 protein and method for early detection of transforming cells in pre-neoplastic tissues of a human subject


In a TCP (tape carrier package) semiconductor device having opposing, inner lead arrays bonded to a semiconductor device, a projection or projections are provided on each of the inner leads disposed at intervals of a greater distance on one side of the semiconductor, within a range for allowing the resin to flow out.

(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a tape carrier package semiconductor device (to be referred to hereinafter as a TCP semiconductor device) in which a semiconductor chip is packed in a form of a tape carrier package.
(2) Description of the Related Art
FIG. 1A is a plan view showing a pattern of a carrier tape for a prior art TCP semiconductor device. FIG. 1B is a sectional view taken on 20-20 in FIG. 1A of a TCP semiconductor device using the carrier tape in which the carrier tape is sealed with a solventless type resin. In FIGS. 1A and 1B, the semiconductor device is composed of a semiconductor chip 12, inner leads 13, a carrier tape 15 with a device hole 11 and a sealing resin 16.
In the prior art TCP semiconductor device, as shown in FIG. 1A, the inner leads 13 are bonded to unillustrated pads on the semiconductor chip 12. Thereafter, the sealing resin 16 is applied thereon. The resin applied flows down due to the weight thereof through the clearance formed between the edge of the device hole 11 and the edge of the semiconductor chip 12 toward the opposite side of the resin-application.
The number of pads (not shown) provided on different sides of the semiconductor chip 12 rarely correspond with each other and the number of inner leads 13 connected on the different sides are not the same, as shown in FIG. 1A. Further, each inner lead 13 generally has a different width from others. Therefore, the space allowing the resin to flow out differs for each side.
This difference in the spaces, allowing the resin to flow out directly, causes a difference in flowed resin quantity, making uneven the feature on the backside of the application after the resin is cured. More explicitly, as shown in FIG. 1B, the sealing resin 16 flows out in bulk through wide clearances between sparsely provided inner leads 13 while the resin flows out in a small amount through the narrow clearances between densely provided inner leads 13. The flow-out amount of the sealing resin 16 changes depending upon the total clearance area between inner leads 13 bonded to pads (not shown) on each side of the semiconductor chip 12 if the sealing resin 16 has a constant resin-leveling property which represents easiness of flowing of the sealing resin 16 and the spaces of the device hole 11 is equally allotted on different sides.
For the reasons described above, it rarely happens that the sealing resin 16 is formed uniformly on the backside of the application on the pattern of the carrier tape 15 shown in FIG. 1A. That is, a large amount of resin flowed out along the sides having greater spaces, therefore, bulky resin portions are formed in those areas on the backside of the application, causing adverse effects for making the TCP semiconductor device compact and thin. On the other hand, the places where a less amount of the resin is provided, not only bring about a problem of the size but also degradation in strength and moisture resistance etc. of the device.
Several methods have been proposed to deal with the problem described above. That is, in the prior art, slits are provided on the resin flow-out side for holding back the sealing resin; a resin having thixotropy is applied to form a dam for preventing the flow of the resin; a frame for holding back the resin is provided to control the flow of the resin; and the viscosity of the resin is adjusted by controlling the amount and size of a filler added to control the resin flow.
Further, it is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-open Sho 53 No. 103,659 that in order to prevent leakage of the resin, cantilevered projected portions are provided for the inner leads on the backside thereof in the clearance between the edges of the semiconductor chip and the device hole so as to block the portions where no inner lead exists.
Any of the above methods, however, requires an increased number of steps resulting in a lower of yield and raising the cost of the final product.
In the means described in Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-open Sho 53 No. 103,659 in which cantilevered projected portions are provided, the projected portions are extended to the edge of the device hole so that degrees of flexure differ between lead portions with projected portions and lead portions with no projected portion. This structure may cause the resin in the lead portions to crack. The situation will be described referring to a partially enlarged view in FIG. 2. Since the amount of the flowed resin is controlled by varying the widths of inner leads 13, some inner leads have a greater width, other inner leads have a smaller width in the portions where each inner lead 13 is connected to the edge of the carrier tape 15. Accordingly, the flexibility or rigidity distribution of inner leads 13 becomes unequal. As a result, stresses which are caused when the semiconductor chip 12 is bonded tend to concentrate on particular points (portions encircled by broken lines in FIG. 2), possibly breaking the inner leads 13. Therefore, this configuration is not a favorable one.
As an improved method from the above prior art, based on the size of the clearance of the device hole 11 in which inner leads 13 are sparsely provided, the size of the clearance of the device hole 11 in which inner leads 13 are densely provided is determined so that the amount of the resin flowing out may be equal in both the areas. This method improves the controllability of the resin range thereby eliminating the problem relating the size of the product. However, each model of so constructed devices requires a dedicated cutout die for forming a specific device hole 11, resulting in increased cost for producing the die for each model.

Tape carrier package semiconductor device


A method for inspecting characteristics of bended flexible unit is disclosed, which comprises steps of: (a) providing a clip unit, an observing unit, a characteristic-inspecting unit and a controlling unit; said clip unit, observing unit, and characteristic-inspecting unit are electrically connected to said controlling unit which stored a predetermined radius; (b) the clip unit clips a flexible unit and bends the same; (c) the observing unit gets the lateral profile of the flexible unit and sends it to the controlling unit which calculates the bending radius thereof accordingly; and (d) the controlling unit determines if the bending radius is the same to the predetermined one; if positive, the clip unit stops and the characteristic-inspecting unit inspects the characteristic of said flexible unit; if negative, the procedure returns to step (b).

With rapid advance in semiconductor technology as well as in electronic display industry, the designs for all kinds of consumer electronic products, including cellular phones, notebook computers and other digital household appliances, are becoming more and more diversified while their lifespan are shorten as well. In addition, they are designed to be compact, portable, easy and comfort to use, and fashionable that all those innovated new designs is most welcomed by consumers and thus becoming the main stream in the market. However, it's a dilemma for any electronic devices to bring the right balance between the portability requirement for thinner, lighter and smaller products and the comfort in usage. For usage comfort, it is important for the electronic device to have a large display screen by which eyes of a user of the electronic device are likely to suffer less stress when he/she is reading messages from the display screen of the electronic device. Nevertheless, it usually may have difficulties to design an electronic device that is compact and with good portability, but the same time is configured with a large-sized display screen as it is limited by the flexibility of the display screen.
For overcoming the aforesaid dilemma, there are more and more manufacturers focusing their researches on the development of flexible units. Imaging that when all the parts used in an electronic device, such as a cellular phone or a notebook computer, are flexible units, such electronic device should be easy to carry around since it can be rolled up or folded even when it is configured with a large-sized display screen. Despite of the obvious advantage in flexible units, there are still many technical difficulties to be overcome before such flexible units to be realized and thus there is no mass-produced flexible unit available at the moment. Currently, in most sci-tech papers, the flexible unit is just a part that can be bended or flexed where at most there is a ruler provided for measuring an allowable bending radius of such flexible units. It is noted that there is no definition regarding to the flexibility of any flexible unit, nor is there any in-depth study or standard specification relating to the optical, mechanical and electrical characteristics of bended flexible units. Therefore, it is required to have a robust mechanism for not only defining the flexibility for flexible units in a quantification manner, but also for inspecting and evaluating the optical, mechanical and electrical characteristics of bended flexible units.
In U.S. Pat. No. 7,721,979, a method for inspecting flexible device is provided by which a flexible device is conveyed to pass through a plurality of rollers of different radiuses where it is bended into different bending states of different bending radiuses, and a performance inspection is performed on the flexible device for inspecting its electrical, optical, or opto-electric characteristics as it is being bended in different bending states. Although, by the aforesaid method, the apparatus for inspecting flexible devices can be integrated into the apparatus for manufacturing flexible devices, the performance inspection is not thorough enough since the radiuses of the rollers used in the inspection are fixed that it can only bend the flexible device into the curvatures conforming to those rollers and nothing more.
In U.S. Pat. No. 6,980,291, a method and apparatus for inspecting a curved shape are provided. The inspection apparatus is substantially an image capturing device integrated with a dot matrix light source comprising a plurality of dot light sources. Operationally, at first, an flexible device which is not bended is illuminated by the dot matrix light source so as to be imaged by the image capturing device while registering the resulting image into a memory device; and then, without changing the positioning of the image capturing device and the dot matrix light source, the imaging capturing device is enabled to pick up another imager of the flexible device when it is bended. As there are differences between the image of the flexible device that is not bended and the image of the bended flexible device and the two images are stored in the memory device which is accessible to a computer, the bending radius of the bended flexible device can be obtained by the calculation of the computer using the two images. However, although the aforesaid method can be used for obtaining the bending radius of a bended flexible device, it usually provides no effective means for bending the flexible device into different bending states so as to be applied in actual practice for inspecting characteristics of the flexible device. Thus, it is usually difficult to built a lookup table relating the optical, mechanical and electrical characteristics of a bended flexible unit to its bending states.
Therefore, the invention provides a method and system for inspecting characteristics of bended flexible units that are free from the aforesaid shortcomings.

Method and system for inspecting characteristics of bended flexible unit

Industrial Technology Research Institute


Methods and apparatus are provided for storing data in a multi-level cell flash memory device with cross-page sectors, multi-page coding and per-page coding. A single sector can be stored across a plurality of pages in the flash memory device. Per-page control is provided of the number of sectors in each page, as well as the code and/or code rate used for encoding and decoding a given page, and the decoder or decoding algorithm used for decoding a given page. Multi-page and wordline level access schemes are also provided.

A number of memory devices, such as flash memory devices, use analog memory cells to store data. Each memory cell stores an analog value, also referred to as a storage value, such as an electrical charge or voltage. The storage value represents the information stored in the cell. In flash memory devices, for example, each analog memory cell typically stores a certain voltage. The range of possible analog values for each cell is typically divided into threshold regions, with each region corresponding to one or more data bit values. Data is written to an analog memory cell by writing a nominal analog value that corresponds to the desired one or more bits.
Single-level cell (SLC) flash memory devices, for example, store one bit per memory cell (or two possible memory states). Multi-level cell (MLC) flash memory devices, on the other hand, store two or more bits per memory cell (i.e., each cell has four or more programmable states). In a multi-level cell flash memory device, the amount of current or voltage is detected, rather than just the presence or absence of a current or voltage. In a multi-level cell device, at least three threshold levels are employed to define four or more different threshold states. The operating range of an individual cell is thus divided into an increased number of states and the range of each state is smaller than for a single-level cell device. Thus, the reliability of any single bit in a multi-level cell device is lower than a single-level cell device. For a more detailed discussion of multi-level cell (MLC) flash memory devices, see, for example, K. Takeuchi et al., "A 56-nm CMOS 99-mm2 8-Gb Multi-Level NAND Flash Memory with 10-MB/s Program Throughput," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 42, No. 1, 219-232 (2007), and K. -T. Park et al., "A Zeroing Cell-to-Cell Interference Page Architecture with Temporary LSB Storing and Parallel MSB Program Scheme for MLC NAND Flash Memories," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 43, No. 4, 919-928 (2008), each incorporated by reference herein.
Existing flash devices employ page level access techniques, whereby a page is the minimum unit that can be written to or read from the flash memory device. Pages are generally written and read independently from each other. In addition, existing flash memories typically use the same code and code rate to encode (and decode) all pages. Operating systems typically employ data sectors comprised of, for example, 512 bytes of user information. In general, the user data length is a multiple of the sector size. With one typical flash memory configuration, one page comprises eight sectors of user information. Thus, with page level access techniques, the flash controller combines eight sectors of information to write each page to the flash memory device. Each time a sector is read from the flash memory device, a full page is read that contains the desired sector.
A need exists for improved multi-level coding and read/write access techniques for multi-level cell (MLC) flash memory devices to achieve, for example, lower error rates or to improve the storage capacity. A further need exists for improved read/write access techniques for multi-level cell flash memory devices that allows a single sector to be stored across a plurality of pages in the flash memory device. Yet another need exists for improved read/write access techniques that provide per-page control of the number of sectors in each page, as well as the code and/or code rate used for encoding and decoding. For a more detailed discussion of multi-level codes, see, for example, U. Wachsmann et al., "Multilevel Codes: Theoretical Concepts and Practical Design Rules," IEEE Trans. on Information Theory, Vol. 45, No. 5, 1361-91 (1999), incorporated by reference herein.

Methods and apparatus for storing data in a multi-level cell flash memory device with cross-page sectors, multi-page coding and per-page coding


The present invention is directed to curable film-forming compositions comprising:                (a) a polymeric acrylic binder having reactive functional groups, wherein the polymeric acrylic binder is prepared from an ethylenically unsaturated, epoxy functional monomer that is reacted with benzoic acid; and        (b) a curing agent containing functional groups that are reactive with reactive functional groups on the polymeric acrylic binder. Also provided is a multilayer coated substrate comprising: a substrate; a colored basecoat applied to at least a portion of a surface of the substrate; and a clearcoat applied to at least a portion of the basecoat, wherein the clearcoat is deposited from the curable film-forming composition described above.

In the past twenty years a great deal of research effort in the coatings industry has been focused on acid etch resistance of transparent coatings. Acrylic urethane clear coats can have excellent acid etch resistance but in the automotive refinish coatings industry, which requires coatings to cure at ambient temperatures, acrylic coatings that are designed for etch resistance in OEM applications are often too soft for practical use.
It would be desirable to develop curable film-forming compositions which cure at ambient temperatures and provide excellent acid etch resistance, while maintaining other physical properties.

Curable film-forming compositions prepared from polymers derived from benzoic acid


A high-voltage apparatus has at least one high-voltage component and at least one current sensor, which is assigned to a corresponding high-voltage component. The high-voltage apparatus has at least one transmission apparatus, to which at least one corresponding current sensor is assigned. The at least one transmission apparatus is designed to provide an information signal, which contains information on whether there is a potential risk originating from the corresponding high-voltage component or not, depending on a measurement signal of the at least one corresponding current sensor, by way of a wireless radio link in order for the information to be reproduced on an external reproduction apparatus.

The invention relates to a high-voltage apparatus. Furthermore, the invention relates to a corresponding external reproduction apparatus. Furthermore, the invention relates to a corresponding system having the high-voltage apparatus and the external reproduction apparatus.
If an accident occurs in or with a high-voltage apparatus, it is often impossible for people outside the high-voltage apparatus to tell whether the high-voltage apparatus is live and whether a threat is therefore posed by the high-voltage apparatus.
The object on which the invention is based is that of providing a high-voltage apparatus and an external reproduction apparatus that helps to make it possible to ascertain without touching whether a threat is posed by the high-voltage apparatus.
This and other objects are achieved by a high-voltage apparatus having at least one high-voltage component, at least one current sensor that is associated with a respective high-voltage component, and at least one transmission apparatus that has at least one respective associated current sensor, wherein the at least one transmission apparatus is designed to take a measurement signal from the at least one respective current sensor as a basis for providing an information signal via a wireless radio link, which information signal has a piece of information about whether or not a potential threat is posed by the respective high-voltage component, for the purpose of reproducing the piece of information on an external reproduction apparatus.
The invention is distinguished by a high-voltage apparatus. The invention is furthermore distinguished by a corresponding external reproduction apparatus. The invention is furthermore distinguished by a system having the high-voltage apparatus and the external reproduction apparatus.
The high-voltage apparatus has at least one high-voltage component. The high-voltage apparatus has at least one current sensor that is associated with a respective high-voltage component. The high-voltage apparatus has at least one transmission apparatus that has at least one respective associated current sensor. The at least one transmission apparatus is designed to take a measurement signal from the at least one respective current sensor as a basis for providing an information signal by way of a wireless radio link. The information signal has a piece of information about whether or not a potential threat is posed by the respective high-voltage component. The at least one transmission apparatus is designed to provide the information signal by way of a wireless radio link.
By way of example, for each current sensor, the high-voltage apparatus has a transmission apparatus that has only one respective associated current sensor.
Examples of such high-voltage components are components that are provided for producing, transmitting and/or consuming electric power at a high electrical voltage. A high electrical voltage of this kind is at least 300 V for example. A high-voltage component of this kind is an electrical energy store, an electric drive machine, a cable, a plug and/or a connection in the high-voltage apparatus, for example.
The current sensor is installed in a manner integrated in a plug and/or in what is known as a black box and/or in a cable, for example.
An example of a high-voltage apparatus of this kind is a vehicle, such as a hybrid or electric vehicle, a test bench, a photovoltaic installation, a power supply installation, a rail vehicle installation and/or a rail vehicle.
A high-voltage apparatus of this kind allows the information signal to be provided for the external reproduction apparatus, which information signal has a piece of information about whether or not a potential threat is posed by the respective high-voltage component. By way of example, the information includes whether or not the respective at least one current sensor measures an electric current and/or what the level of the measured electric current is and/or whether the respective at least one current sensor has a fault. This means that it is possible for an emergency worker, for example, to establish whether a threat is posed by the high-voltage apparatus and whether or not he or she can approach the high-voltage apparatus without danger in a simple manner and without touching.
According to a further advantageous embodiment, the information signal has a piece of position information that is representative of a position of the at least one respective current sensor in the high-voltage apparatus.
This means that it is a very simple matter for the emergency worker, for example, to establish where the respective current sensor is positioned in the high-voltage apparatus. It is therefore possible to establish what location in the high-voltage apparatus may pose a threat.
According to a further advantageous embodiment, the high-voltage apparatus is a vehicle.
Specifically in the case of a vehicle, such as a hybrid vehicle and/or an electric vehicle, it is important for the emergency worker to know whether or not he or she can approach the vehicle in order to be able to initiate rescue measures quickly and safely.
According to a further advantageous embodiment, the information signal has a vehicle identifier that is representative of the vehicle type of the vehicle.
Specifically in the case of modern vehicles, it is often not immediately evident from the outside whether an electric vehicle and/or a hybrid vehicle is involved. Transmission of the vehicle type allows the rescue worker, for example, to tell whether the vehicle is an electric vehicle and/or a hybrid vehicle.
The external reproduction apparatus has a radio reception unit that is designed to receive the information signal that has been provided by the high-voltage apparatus or by an advantageous embodiment of the high-voltage apparatus. The external reproduction apparatus is designed to react to reception of the information signal by displaying a respective two-colored set of traffic lights that is associated with the at least one respective current sensor. A first traffic light color is representative of no threat being posed by the respective high-voltage component. A second traffic light color is representative of a threat being posed by the respective high-voltage component.
The external reproduction apparatus has a display, for example, such as a screen, for reproduction. The external reproduction apparatus is particularly a portable apparatus, such as a smart phone and/or a tablet PC.
The respective two-colored set of traffic lights provides a simple way of using the external reproduction apparatus to reproduce whether or not the respective high-voltage component poses a threat. By way of example, the first traffic light color may thus be green and the second traffic light color may be red.
According to one advantageous embodiment, the information signal has a piece of position information that is representative of a position of the at least one respective current sensor in the high-voltage apparatus. The external reproduction apparatus is designed to display the respective two-colored set of traffic lights at the position of the at least one respective current sensor.
This means that the position of the at least one respective current sensor can be displayed on the external reproduction apparatus in a simple manner. By way of example, it is thus a simple matter for the rescue worker to establish where the respective current sensor is positioned in the high-voltage apparatus. Hence, it is possible to establish what location in the high-voltage apparatus may pose a threat.
According to a further advantageous embodiment, the high-voltage apparatus is a vehicle. The information signal has a vehicle identifier that is representative of a vehicle type of the vehicle. The external reproduction apparatus is designed to display the respective two-colored set of traffic lights at the position of the at least one respective current sensor on a vehicle depiction that matches the vehicle type of the vehicle.
This means that the external reproduction apparatus can be used to display simply and clearly where the respective at least one current sensor and the respective high-voltage component are arranged in the vehicle.
Other objects, advantages and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of one or more preferred embodiments when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

High-voltage apparatus and external reproduction apparatus and system

Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft


Repairing a link based on an issue includes associating at least one metadata segment with a link, identifying, in a resource repository, at least one resource that matches the at least one metadata segment, determining if there is an issue between the link and the at least one resource, and repairing the link based on the issue between the link and at least one resource.

The present invention relates to repairing a link, and more specifically to repairing a link based on an issue.
Links allow a user to navigate through a digital document such as a website. The links allow a user, using a user device, to navigate between several sections of a webpage on a website. Further, the links allow the user to navigate between several webpages on the website. Still further, links allow the user to navigate from one website to another website.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION


A method and apparatus for holographic storage with combined orthogonal phase codes and random phase codes are provided in which a reference beam (18) is encoded with a combination orthogonal phase code and random phase code by a phase encoder (28). A data pattern is imposed on an object beam (20) by pattern encoder (38). Both the reference beam (18) and the object beam (20) are directed to a particular stack site on a storage medium (32).

In the field of computer systems, significant advances have been made in recent years in providing affordable mass storage with increased storage capacity and decreased access time. Much of this effort has been directed at rotating magnetic media, such as that found in hard disk drives. Unfortunately, access times with magnetic media remain long, in the millisecond range.
In an effort to decrease access times and increase storage capacity, holographic storage systems have been developed. Examples of such holographic storage systems are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,927,220, entitled "SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PHOTOREFRACTIVE HOLOGRAPHIC RECORDING AND SIGNAL PROCESSING," issued on May 22, 1990. That reference is herein incorporated by reference.
Holographic storage systems offer significant advantages over conventional mass storage systems. For example, the access time with holographic storage systems is on the order of microseconds. Furthermore, holographic storage systems retrieve arrays of data bits in parallel, rather than serially. For example, an array of 1,000 bits by 1,000 bits can be retrieved at once.
Holographic storage capacity is increased by storing multiple holograms at the same location on the recording medium. This storage of multiple holograms at the same location, referred to as multiplexing, can be accomplished in at least two ways: angle encoding and phase encoding.
With angle encoding, different holograms can be stored at the same location by changing the angle of the reference beam used to record each hologram. To prevent cross-correlation between holograms stored at the same location, each reference beam should be separated by the Bragg selectivity angle of the recording medium. The Bragg selectivity angle of the recording medium is a function of the thickness of the recording medium. In particular, the Bragg selectivity angle decreases as the thickness of the storage medium increases. Thus, systems with smaller Bragg selectivity angles allow for greater hologram multiplexing.
With phase encoding, reference beams are encoded with particular phase patterns. Recall of a particular hologram is accomplished by applying the same phase code to the reference beam as was used to record the hologram. At least two types of phase encoding have been successfully applied to holographic storage systems. Unfortunately, both have drawbacks.
The first type of phase encoding is referred to as orthogonal phase encoding, and uses orthogonal codes, for example, Walsh codes. With orthogonal coding, the reference beam is angularly divided into n segments. For each stored hologram, each segment is phase-shifted either 0 or .pi. radians, so that the reference beam associated with each hologram is orthogonal to all others. On recall, this phase-shifting results in destructive reconstruction of each recorded hologram, except for the one recorded with the correspondingly encoded reference beam.
With orthogonal phase encoding, each segment of the reference beam should be separated by the Bragg selectivity angle, so that recall is a function only of the inner product of the reference beam segments. Otherwise, cross-talk arises during recall. Thus, the usefulness of orthogonal encoding depends on the Bragg selectivity angle of the system. For example, with a Bragg selectivity angle of 3 degrees, and an optical system allowing 24 degrees of reference beam freedom, a reference beam can be divided into only 8 segments, and thus a maximum of 8 holograms can be stored at one location in the medium.
With the second phase encoding technique, referred to as random phase encoding, the reference beam is encoded with random phase patterns for recording and recall of holograms. With random phase encoding, the reference beam is not divided into different segments, and there is no Bragg selectivity angle restriction. However, cross-correlation between random patterns results in recalls that may have high cross correlation. Therefore, the number of holograms that can be stored at a particular location using random phase encoding is limited by the maximum cross-correlation noise that can be tolerated.
Because of these limitations, a need has arisen for a method and apparatus for phase encoding of reference beams that allows for the storage of a greater number of holograms with acceptable cross correlation noise.

Holographic storage with combined orthogonal phase codes and random phase codes


A method for encouraging purchasers of animals to register the animals with a genealogical registry involves providing a purchaser of an animal an application form for registration of the animal with the registry wherein the application form has printed thereon sire and dam information for at least two immediately previous generations of the animal to permit the purchaser to make informed purchasing decisions concerning the genetic history of the animal. Application forms for registering an individual animal with the registry may be provided by the registry to intermediate distributors of the animals to permit the distributors to print the identifying information and sire and dame information for an individual animal on the registration application and then transfer the registration application to the purchaser at the time of purchase.

The present invention relates to an improved method for maintaining breed registries and providing pedigree information to purchasers of animals and encouraging purchasers to register the purchased animals with the breed registry.
Breed registries have been established to maintain the purity of breeds and to maintain genealogical information on breeds to permit documentation of the lineage of an animal. Purchasing offspring of registered sires and dams assures the purchaser of the genetic purity of the animal. The registration process also adds value for breeders who can command higher prices for purebred animals from registered sires and dams. The method utilized by the American Kennel Club (xe2x80x9cAKCxe2x80x9d) to maintain its registry and encourage registration of dogs is somewhat typical of practices utilized by other breed registries.
The AKC registration process is initiated by the breeders. For a dog to be entitled to registration, it must be the offspring of a registered sire and dam of the same breed. After a litter of puppies is born, the breeder (the owner or lessee of the dam) completes and returns a litter application to the AKC. In the litter application, the breeder identifies the breed, the number of puppies in the litter, the number of males and the number of females in the litter, the registered name and registration number of the sire and dam, and identifying information for the owner or lessee of the sire or dam. Within several weeks, the AKC issues registration applications to the breeder. The registration application provides the name and registration number for the sire and dam and the name of the breeder and instructions for completing and submitting the registration application to the AKC to register the puppy.
When the breeder-sells a puppy, the breeder fills in the sex and color of the puppy and the name of the purchaser on the application and the breeder signs the registration application. If the initial purchaser wants to register the puppy, the purchaser fills in a name for the puppy and signs and submits to the AKC the registration application form with the registration fee. Intermediaries, such as brokers or distributors, typically do not want to name or register the puppy prior to its subsequent transfer. If the initial purchaser is an intermediary, the intermediary does not name the puppy or sign or submit the registration application. Upon subsequent sale of the puppy by the intermediary, the intermediary completes a supplemental transfer statement, including identifying information regarding the puppy and the name of the new owner or purchaser. The intermediary signs the supplemental transfer statement and attaches it to the registration application. A supplemental transfer statement is completed and attached to the registration application each time the puppy is transferred by an intermediary.
A purchaser purchasing from an intermediary who wishes to register the puppy signs the supplemental transfer statement listing the purchaser as the owner and submits the registration application and each of the supplemental transfer statements to the AKC with the required fee. An additional fee is charged for each supplemental transfer.
Although the registration application can generally be relied upon to verify that the puppy or animal being purchased is of the breed specified, the registration application does not provide enough information to determine if the puppy is the product of inbreeding. Breeders who are breeding show or competition stock will sometimes inbreed their animals in an effort to emphasize certain traits of the parents and produce champion caliber offspring. Although such inbreeding often does produce champion quality offspring, just as often, inbreeding emphasizes undesirable traits or health defects. In the pet industry, most pet purchasers are simply trying to purchase pets for companionship and not as show animals. Such companion pets generally are not sought for their show qualities, but for their temperament and health.
If the end purchaser purchases the pet directly from a breeder, the purchaser could ask to see or obtain copies of the pedigrees of the sire and dam from the breeder to verify that the animal they are purchasing is not the result of inbreeding. However, most breeders typically do not have a printed copy of the pedigree for the sire and dam and it typically takes four to six weeks to obtain the pedigrees on the sire and dam from AKC and the current charge to obtain pedigrees from the AKC is currently approximately $38 for each animal. Because of the time and cost of obtaining pedigrees, many breeders do not want to bother with obtaining pedigrees on their sires and dams.
Many pet owners purchase their pets through pet stores or other intermediaries. The AKC registration application, which is often the only documentation for the dog provided to the purchaser by an intermediary, simply provides the registration number and name for the sire and dam as identifying information for the dog. To obtain more extensive pedigree information on the dog, the purchaser must pay an additional fee with the registration application or pay a pedigree researcher to do the genealogical research. As noted previously, obtaining a pedigree through AKC typically takes four to six weeks, and well after any purchasing decisions as to the dog would be made.
Another problem associated with the procedure utilized by the AKC is the time delay which often occurs between transfer of the puppy and the registration application. In particular, it typically takes three weeks if not longer for the AKC to provide a breeder registration applications in response to filing of a litter application. If the puppies are sold prior to receipt of the registration applications, which happens often, the paperwork typically does not catch up to the puppy in the distribution channel and the ultimate purchaser may not receive the registration application for several weeks after the purchase. In addition, even if a broker receives the registration application prior to their subsequent transfer of the animal, they typically do not transfer the registration application to the retailer until they receive payment for the animals purchased which may take several weeks, such that the registration applications typically do not reach the end purchaser for several weeks after their purchase. By then the novelty of purchasing a purebred animal may have worn off, and the purchaser of a pet for companionship as opposed to show purposes is unlikely to complete and return the registration application.
The present invention comprises a method for encouraging purchasers of pets or other types of animals to register the animals with a genealogical or breed registry. The method involves providing a purchaser of an animal, at the time of purchase, an application form for registration of the animal with the registry wherein the application form includes sire and dam information for at least two immediately previous generations of the animal. The registration application includes instructions for completing the application by providing a name for the animal and instructions to return the application to the registry. Upon receipt of the application, the registry assigns a registration number to the animal and issues a certificate of registration to the purchaser including the name and registration number of the animal, and the sire and dam information for at least two immediately previous generations of the animal.
The registration applications may be issued to the breeder or any intermediary in the distribution chain which is able to provide the required genealogical information from a reliable source. Distributors wishing to utilize the registration process, must satisfy the requirements of the registry or registering organization to help ensure that the genealogical information provided by the distributor is from reliable sources and is accurate. The distributors can supply the genealogical information to the registry which in turn prints the necessary registration applications with the genealogical information including sire and dam information for at least two immediately previous generations printed thereon which are then provided to the distributor. The distributor then distributes or provides the registration applications to the purchasers upon purchase of the animal. To expedite the process, authorized distributors can be provided with camera ready artwork to print the registration applications with the required genealogical information. Intermediate distributors therefore do not have to rely on the breeders to initiate the registration process. Intermediate distributors can also take steps to ensure that the registration application is available at the time of purchase of the animals. Further, the process provides means for the intermediate distributors to document that the animals they are selling are not the product of inbreeding.
The objects of this invention include providing a method for maintaining a breed registry which encourages purchasers of individual animals of the breed to register the individual animals with the breed registry; to provide a method for distributing registration applications for the registry which can be initiated by distributors of the animals other than the breeder; to provide such a method in which the registration application is available for the distributor to provide to the purchaser at the time of purchase; to provide such a method which provides genealogical information concerning the individual animal to the purchaser; to provide such a method which can provide purchasers with ready means to verify that the individual animal to be purchased is not the product of inbreeding; and to provide such a method which is relatively inexpensive to implement and which is particularly well adapted for its intended uses thereof.
Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein are set forth, by way of illustration and example, certain embodiments of this invention.
The drawings constitute a part of this specification and include exemplary embodiments of the present invention and illustrate various objects and features thereof.

Method of encouraging registration of animals with a breed registry


A surgical clamp jaw is disclosed, having an inner profile and a deflection control profile opposite the inner profile. In one embodiment, the inner profile has a first substantially concave profile in an unclamped position and a second substantially flat profile in a clamped position. In one embodiment, the deflection control profile has one or more sets of corresponding abutment surfaces, at least one set of which is not contacting each other when the inner profile is in the unclamped position and which is contacting each other when the inner profile is in the clamped position. In one embodiment, the surgical clamp jaw defines one or more flexion assistance voids, wherein at least one of the one or more flexion assistance voids is in contact with a gap between one of the one or more sets of corresponding abutment surfaces.

During certain surgical procedures, it may be necessary to securely clamp and/or occlude body conduits (for example, blood vessels) of various sizes and thicknesses. Gripping or clamping instruments are often used in many types of medical procedures such as heart, lung, bariatric, and vascular surgeries. Existing clamps provide little feedback regarding how tightly the clamp is attached to a particular tissue. This can result in clamps which are holding tissue too tightly or too loosely. In the case where tissue, such as a blood vessel, is held too loosely, unexpected blood flow or blood loss may complicate a surgery, especially if the loose clamp falls off. In the case where tissue is held too tightly, the tissue may be physically damaged from an excessive clamping force and/or biologically damaged due to excessively reduced blood flow to the tissue in the region where the clamp is applied. Furthermore, depending on the design, if a surgical clamp is attached too tightly, it may have a tendency to be forced off the clamped tissue if the tissue is slippery.
In addition to clamping considerations to ensure surgical clamps are able to properly occlude body conduits, the prior art often overlooks concerns for how such clamps release. As one example, surgeons frequently use aortic cross clamps to occlude blood flow from the heart through the aorta as part of many heart surgeries, such as coronary artery bypass or aortic valve replacement surgeries. When such surgeries are near completion, and the surgeon is ready to unclamp the aorta, it may be desirable to remove the cross clamp slowly in order to avoid profound hypertension which may result from rapid reperfusion. This slow release can be difficult with some clamps as their jaws tend to create a V-shape as they are opened, thereby increasing the likelihood that the previously clamped vessel will suddenly push itself out of the clamp towards the open end of the "V", regardless of how carefully or slowly the surgeon is trying to open the clamp.
Therefore, there is a need for a surgical clamp and clamp jaw which has a reliable indication of when it is properly clamped in order to increase holding strength while reducing potential tissue damage due to excessive clamping force. Furthermore, there is also a need for a surgical clamp and clamp jaw which enables a more controlled clamp release process in order to reduce the risk of tissue damage due to pressure spikes from reestablished blood flow when clamps are removed.


A device, method and system of measuring a position of a user equipment in a wireless network may be disclosed. In some embodiments, a target user device may comprise a communication module to receive a first message from a device in the wireless network, wherein the first message includes position information related to one or more anchor UEs; transmit a second message to the anchor UEs in the wireless network, wherein the second message includes an inquiry about whether a position of at least one of the anchor UEs is knowable to the target UE; and receive a third message from the at least one anchor UE, wherein the third message includes a response to the inquiry indicating that the position of the at least one anchor UE is knowable to the target UE.

Several user equipment (UE) positioning methods may be supported under current Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards of 3rd Generation Partnership Project along with any amendments, updates and/or revisions, such as LTE Rel 10 or 11. Examples of the positioning methods may include a global navigation satellite system (AGNSS), an observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA), Enhanced Cell-Identifier (Cell-ID).
For example, based on the OTDOA method, the UE may measure transmission time difference for a signal transmission from the UE to multiple evolved NodeBs (eNBs), e.g., three or more eNBs. Based on the measured transmission time difference and the position information related to the multiple eNBs, the position of the UE may be calculated.

Method, apparatus and system for measuring a position of a user equipment in a wireless network


In a grid-tie inverter, the DC input is phase and pulse-width modulated to define multiple phase shifted voltage pulses with the width of each pulse being modulated according to the grid AC amplitude for the corresponding portion of the AC phase.

With the effects of global warming becoming increasingly evident the need for alternative, renewable energy sources is becoming ever more acute. Much research has gone into wind, solar, and geothermal energy sources with the result that the cost of wind power per kilowatt hour has come down to the point where it is essentially on a par with energy from oil and is in fact cheaper than nuclear energy. Even the relatively high cost of solar energy is starting to see substantial price improvements.
However, the cost advantage with respect to wind and solar energy is somewhat eroded when looking at small scale energy production. This can best be explained by noting that there are two components to providing the energy to the consumer: the first is the cost to produce the energy, and the second is the synchronizing of the energy to the grid. For instance in the case of large scale wind energy (1.3 MW and more) the cost to produce is approximately $0.5/Watt and the cost to synchronize to the grid is also about $0.5/Watt. In contrast, in the case of small scale wind energy production (up to about 500 W), e.g. using smaller windmills instead of large wind generators, the cost of production is about twice as much (about $1/Watt) and for photovoltaic (PV) modules it is $2.30 to $3.50/W. In addition, the cost of synchronizing to the grid is significantly higher at about $3.2/Watt. Thus small scale wind and solar energy is currently cost prohibitive due to the cost of converting the DC from the windmill or wind turbine, or from the solar panels, to AC that is synchronized with the grid.
The reason for this high cost is the cost of grid tie inverters. Currently one of the cheaper grid tie inverters is the SunnyBoy, made by SMA, which carries a price tag of about $1700 for 700 Watt.
In the past a large number of photovoltaic (PV) cells were interfaced with a central inverter in order to achieve the desired voltage and current. This however requires high voltage dc cables. GTI address this issue by making use of an integrated AC module that integrates a single photovoltaic (PV) cell 100 and inverter 102 into one electrical device thereby avoiding mismatch losses between PV cells. Its modular structure thus simplifies enlargement of the system by providing a simple plug-and-play solution. As shown in FIG. 1, each module comprises a DC to AC inverter 102 that makes use of IGBTs or MOSFETs.
However, another cost factor is the use of large transformers with large coils. For instance, in order to boost 24V DC to 110V AC at a frequency of 50 Hz, V=L dI/dt tells us that for (110-24)V and di/dt=50 Hz the inductance of the coils has to be about 2 Henrys, thus requiring extremely large and expensive copper coils. One approach to solving this issue has been the use of high frequency transformers, which allows the use of printed circuit board magnetic components.
One such prior art module is shown in FIG. 2, which shows a PV cell 200 connected to a high frequency transformer 202 with a large capacitor 204 in parallel with the PV cell 200. The secondary winding of the transformer 202 is connected to a diode bridge 210 to convert the high frequency AC back to DC. A large solenoid 212 provides smoothing of the DC output before switching the DC to the grid frequency using switchers 214. It will be appreciated that the diodes of the bridge 210 have to handle large currents and voltages and therefore are large power devices, as are the power switching transistors 214. Also, since the transformer 202 has to handle large amplitudes albeit at high frequencies it adds substantial core losses due to hysteresis in the core.
The present invention seeks to address some of these issues.

Fully integrated multi-phase grid-tie inverter


A Pd catalyst in which an .alpha.- or .gamma.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 as support is first treated with at least one compound of the rare earth metals and with at least one compound of manganese and then with at least one palladium compound is suitable for the preparation of a mixture of optionally substituted cyclohexylamine and optionally substituted dicyclohexylamine by hydrogenation of a correspondingly substituted aniline.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a supported palladium catalyst and a process for the preparation of a mixture of optionally substituted cyclohexylamine and optionally substituted dicyclohexylamine by catalytic hydrogenation of optionally substituted aniline using such a catalyst.
2. Description of the Related Art
It is known to prepare cyclohexylamine by pressure hydrogenation of aniline. Cobalt catalysts which contain a basic addition (GB 969,542) and Raney Cobalt (JP 68/03180) are employed for this hydrogenation. According to U.S. Pat. No. 3,636,108, an alkali-moderated ruthenium catalyst on an inert support material is used for the ring hydrogenation of aromatic amine compounds, NH.sub.3 and, if appropriate, a solvent additionally being employed. A further process for the pressure hydrogenation of aniline to cyclohexylamine is described in German Auslegeschrift 1,106,319, in which a ruthenium catalyst is likewise used. In this process, co-formed dicyclohexylamine is added to the starting material again; the process involves considerable losses due to the simultaneous formation of cyclohexane. Finally, EP 53,818 considers supported palladium catalysts to be more favourable than ruthenium catalysts for the pressure hydrogenation of aniline; the catalysts described there contain additions which either originate from a group of basic compounds of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and rare earth metals or from another group which includes the metals Fe, Ni, Co, Mn, Zn, Cd and Ag. These catalysts permit the reduction of substituted anilines to the respective cyclohexylamines; however, the respective dicyclohexylamines are completely absent.
In all the described pressure hydrogenation processes of aniline, dicyclohexylamine is formed in addition to cyclohexylamine only as a by-product or not at all. In order to obtain dicyclohexylamine in larger amounts, it is prepared by separate processes. Thus, it can be obtained, for example, by pressure hydrogenation of diphenylamine using a ruthenium-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 catalyst (German Auslegeschrift 1,106,319). Dicyclohexylamine is furthermore formed in the reaction of cyclohexanone with cyclohexylamine in the presence of palladium on carbon at a hydrogen pressure of 4 bar (FR 1,333,693). In an involved process, dicyclohexylamine can be obtained from the hydrogenation product of aniline on a nickel catalyst by fractional condensation. A part of the co-formed ammonia is removed from the remaining mixture and the residue is fed back into the reaction again (German Patent Specification 805,518).
A common problem in all processes for the ring hydrogenation of aromatic amines consists in the in some cases considerable formation of cyclohexane as a by-product which is not further utilisable.
There was therefore the desire to develop a new process which is also utilisable on the industrial scaled by which both cyclohexylamine and dicyclohexylamine can be prepared in one reaction step in a desired ratio of amounts, in which the loss due to the undesired formation of cyclohexane is suppressed and in which the working life of the catalyst used is additionally improved.

Palladium catalyst and its use in the preparation of a mixture of optionally substituted cyclohexylamine and optionally substituted dicyclohexylamine


Reducing print quality defects can include printing a pattern with an offset printing device having a binary ink developer roller, determining a variation for a hue shift of the printed pattern; and varying gain in a feedback loop of a servo motor coupled to the binary ink developer roller to reduce the variation.

Various printing devices are employed for a variety of applications. An offset printing device includes an intermediate cylinder that transfers an ink image from its origin, e.g., on a plate cylinder, to a material on which the image is to be printed.
Compared to some other printing devices, offset printing devices can help to protect the surface of the printing plate from wear due to friction with the substrate during printing. Also, offset printing devices can help to provide a more even pressure, e.g., from the intermediate cylinder to the substrate, than some other printing devices. Because of the more even pressure associated with offset printing devices, offset printing devices can be utilized to print on a greater variety of substrates, e.g., differing surfaces and/or thicknesses, than some other printing devices.

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


Method of reducing residual oil in DDGS by pulverizing and pelletizing the DDGS followed by extraction with an organic solvent.

Corn is processed for many purposes including industrial uses and for human and animal consumption. Corn comprises starch (referred to as the carbohydrate or sugar component), protein, fat (also referred to as oil) and fiber. One significantly expanding use is the production of ethanol from corn with the resulting ethanol being used, as an example, as a substitute for petroleum fuel. The so-called Dry Grind method is the most popular method used to produce ethanol today. About 70% of the currently produced ethanol in the U.S. is made by this method and the trend throughout the country is pointing to an overall increase in ethanol production and concomitant increase in use of this Dry Grind process.
In the Dry Grind process, starch is converted to ethanol. The corn is first ground into corn flour with water then added to form a slurry. The slurry is treated in the presence of enzymes to convert the sugars to glucose. The glucose is fermented using yeast to produce crude ethanol. The crude ethanol-water mixture is distilled to yield purified ethanol.
From the distillation step, the solids or "grains" coming out of the distilling column are referred to as distillers grains. The water coming out of the distillation column is evaporated and the resulting "solubles" are mixed with the distillers grains. This mixed combination is commonly known as distillers grains with solubles. After these are dried, they are referred to as dry distillers grains with solubles (DDGS).
DDGS consists mostly of corn minus the starch component. The remaining components are protein, fat (i.e., oil), fiber and some residual starch. Protein content is approximately 25-29%, fat about 10-11%, and from about 7-9% of the DDGS is moisture.
DDGS lysine value is approximately 0.9% compared to 3.0% for soybean meal. Its high bypass protein and high fat content make it ideal dairy cattle feed. Its high bypass protein is ideal for beef cattle but the high fat content is problematic. The high bypass protein, high fat, high fiber and low lysine make it a poor quality swine/poultry feed. By removing the fat content, DDGS can be fed in much higher rations to beef cattle.

Method of reducing oil content in dry distillers grain with solubles


Start notification is performed at appropriate timing by vehicle having braking force holding function to hold braking force even if brake application operation by driver is deactivated. Vehicle start notification control device includes speaker for performing start notification to notify behavior related to start of vehicle to surroundings of vehicle, control section for applying braking force to vehicle, corresponding to brake applying operation by driver of vehicle and performing control to hold braking force of vehicle even if brake applying operation is deactivated, and braking force holding flag setting section for setting ON or OFF of braking force holding flag for holding braking force of vehicle even if brake applying operation is deactivated. Control section controls speaker to perform start notification if both brake applying operation and ON setting of braking force holding flag are deactivated.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a vehicle start notification control device that performs control to notify a vehicle start to the surrounding of a vehicle when the vehicle starts.
2. Description of the Related Arts
When a vehicle, such as a hybrid vehicle or an electrical vehicle, having an electric motor for vehicle driving mounted thereon starts, almost no driving sound is generated because of the quietness of the electric motor. Consequently, it is difficult for a pedestrian or the like, who is in the surrounding of the vehicle, to auditorily recognize a behavior related to a start of the vehicle.
Addressing such a problem, for example, Patent Literature 1 (JP. 2012-188071 A) discloses a technology related to a vehicular start warning device provided with warning means for warning a vehicle start to outside the vehicle. The vehicular start warning device according to Patent Literature 1 includes ignition status detecting means for detecting the status of an ignition switch and control means that warns by warning means when warning condition is satisfied after a change in the ignition status from ignition-off to ignition-on has been detected by the ignition status detecting means, deactivates the warning made by the warning means when preset deactivating condition is satisfied, and does not warn by the warning means until ignition-off is thereafter once detected by the ignition status detecting means even if the warning condition is satisfied.
By the vehicular start warning device according to Patent Literature 1, as vehicle start warning is performed only at the first start of a vehicle in one ignition cycle with an assumption that the vehicle starts from a parking state, it is possible to reduce generation of noises, omitting opportunities of start warning.
Incidentally, in general, a vehicle is often started, using a creep torque that becomes explicit by decreasing brake pedal effort in a state that a driver's foot is off the accelerator pedal. Accordingly, by a vehicular start warning device as disclosed by Patent Literature 1, start notification is performed, taking a timing (deactivation timing) when a driver has decreased a brake pedal effort in addition to a timing that the driver has depressed the accelerator pedal.
On the other hand, for a purpose, such as reducing the load of braking operation by a driver, some recent vehicles have a braking force holding function to hold braking force even if a brake applying operation by the driver is deactivated. For example, Patent Literature 2 (JP. 2012-162146 A) discloses a vehicular technology wherein when a shift lever is operated when a vehicle has stopped or when the vehicle is in a stop state: if the shift position is the forward position, braking force holding control is permitted only when the running direction has a rising slope and braking force holding control is otherwise prohibited; on the other hand, if the shift position is the backward position, braking force holding control is permitted only when the running direction has a descending slope and braking force holding control is otherwise prohibited; and if the shift position is the neutral position, execution of braking force holding control is prohibited regardless of a slope.
By the vehicle having a braking force holding function according to Patent Literature 2, the vehicle is inhibited from moving down by gravity at a hill start, and on the other hand, if the shift position is the neutral position, running down on a slope by arbitrary braking operation by a driver is allowed so that the driver does not have a strange feeling.


A brushless permanent magnet (BPM) motor has a stator mounted on a hub projecting from a base-enclosure. The base-enclosure is cup-shaped, open at an end remote from the stator hub, having a side wall and a top wall defining an interior space. A printed circuit board (PCB) is mounted above the top wall, below the stator. Electrical conductors electrically connected to a printed circuit on the printed circuit board extend through the top wall and into the interior space. The electrical conductors are mounted in a connector of the insulation displacement type. Preferably the connector is made integral with an interior surface of the base-enclosure. It comprises an elongate boss with longitudinal slots in it to receive electrical conductors that are inserted into the slots and bent to extend transversely to a long axis of the boss, and channels extending parallel to the long axis of the boss to receive other electrical conductors, usually in the form of spade terminals or the like, which fit tightly in the channels and make solid physical and electrical contact with the transversely oriented conductors. When current is supplied directly to the only PCB, current supply conductors extend through a side wall port and are electrically connected in the connector boss to the electrical conductors from the printed circuit. When current is supplied to a second PCB, housed in the base-enclosure, conductors from the second PCB are electrically connected in the connector boss to the conductors from the PCB mounted above the top wall of the base-enclosure. Preferably the conductors from a printed circuit board are held spaced apart by one or more passive elements of the circuit.

This invention relates to dynamoelectric machines in the form of electric motors. While the invention is described with particularity with respect to brushless permanent magnet (BPM) motors, those skilled in the art will recognize the wider applicability of the inventive principles disclosed hereinafter.
There has been, and continues to be, a movement toward high operating efficiency devices. That movement includes a move by appliance manufacturers to provide high efficiency consumer appliances for general use. Certain improvements in such appliance efficiency are more obvious than others. For example, the ubiquitous household refrigerator has at least three electric motors associated with it. They include a hermetic compressor motor which drives the compressor for the refrigerant system, an evaporator motor, and, in many refrigerators, a condenser motor. The general operation of the refrigeration system of the conventional refrigerator is well known. The compressor moves the refrigerant from the evaporator into the condenser. It then forces the refrigerant back to the evaporator through an expansion valve. Refrigerant vapor leaves a compressor at high pressure. As it flows into the condenser, the high pressure causes the vapor to condense back to liquid refrigerant. As this happens, the vapor gives out heat, making the condenser warm. The condenser is at the back of the refrigerator, and heat flows into the air around the refrigerator, often with the aid of the aforementioned condenser fan. The refrigerant leaves the expansion valve at low pressure, causing it to evaporate inside the pipe and get cold. The evaporator is inside the refrigerator and heat flows into the evaporator, making the refrigerator cold. Again, a fan is used to force air over the evaporator and distribute the cool air throughout the refrigerator interior.
Refrigerators operate day and night and because of that operation, their operation cost is relatively substantial, even when attempts are made to increase their efficiency. Recently, there has been an industry-wide effort by refrigerator OEMs (original equipment manufacturers) to raise the level of refrigerator efficiency.
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, brushless permanent magnet motors in operational use offer the best efficiency presently known for electric motors in general use, although switched reluctance motors (SRM) and controlled induction motors (CIM) often are configured to achieve substantially equivalent performance. In the size of the motor of this invention, the brushless permanent magnet motor was found to offer the best engineering solution. A brushless permanent magnet motor is similar to other motor types in that it includes a stator assembly having a core of laminations formed from suitable magnetic material. The core has winding receiving slots formed in it. The rotor assembly commonly is the component that distinguishes a permanent magnet motor from other motors. Unlike other conventional motor constructions, a BPM rotor has at least one permanent magnet associated with it. The motor may be either of a conventional design, in which the stator assembly has an axial opening through the core for reception of the rotor assembly, or the motor can be a so-called inside out motor, which has the rotor assembly outboard of the stator.
While brushless permanent magnet motors offer higher efficiencies, they require an electronic circuit for applying electrical energy to the motor windings for proper operation of the motor. The control circuits required for motor operation often make application of the permanent magnet motor economically unjustifiable.
Condenser and evaporator fans in refrigerators conventionally are small and low cost designs. The low cost design of these motors commonly equates with a relatively low efficiency design. I have found that the lower efficiency evaporator or condenser motors can be replaced with more efficient permanent magnet motors when the assembly and construction techniques disclosed hereinafter are employed for and in the motor design, and the motor control functions are accomplished in accordance with the various disclosures incorporated by reference.
One of the objects of this invention is to provide an economically producible permanent magnet condenser fan motor.
Another object of this invention is to provide means for facilitating internal connection of electrical conductors.
Other objects will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the following description and accompanying drawings.

Electrical connection of printed circuit board to line leads on brushless permanent magnet refrigeration motors