The subject of this invention is a security window bar system containing three types of elements. The first type comprises a plurality of vertical bars, the second type comprises at least two horizontal metal plates, and the third a plurality of right angular, generally L-shaped brackets or fasteners. The vertical bars are held in place by the horizontal crossbars which have therethrough spaced openings which the vertical bars extend. Opposite ends of the horizontal crossbars are fastened to opposite sides of the window frame by the L-shaped fasteners, each of which has one leg fastened to an adjacent end of a crossbar, and the opposite leg fastened to the window framework by a one-way screw. The result is a simple, inexpensive, and easy to install window bar grid system that prevents unwanted intruders from entering the structure.

This invention relates to a home or business security device. In particular, this invention relates to the prevention of unwanted intruders from gaining ingress into a building through a window, typically a basement window, by covering the window opening with a simple system of metal bars.
In recent years home security has become an increasingly serious issue. With the incidents of burglary on the rise, there is an increased need for homes and businesses to employ preventative devices to eliminate forced entry through building windows.
One major problem is that most known such devices for preventing forced entry are often complicated, expensive, difficult to install, and difficult to operate. The average homeowner or business owner has little or no knowledge about such devices, and limited or no equipment with which to install such a device.
For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,653,226, 5,392,570, 5,334,971, and 4,817,334 (Badger) each describes a security device in the form of a window bar system. These window bar systems contain features such as removability from the inside, a lock and key mechanism, and, as with Badger, the ability to fit to a range of window sizes. However, in spite of their features, these window bar systems contains many drawbacks. They are expensive to manufacture, contain numerous parts, and are difficult for the average homeowner to install. Although U.S. Pat. No. 4,416,084 (Zen) describes a window bar system without these drawbacks, Zen's window bar system secures the vertical bars at the sashes while the present invention secures the vertical bars in the window opening where they intersect the horizontal crossbars.
It is an object of this invention, therefore, to provide for a window opening a security device or kit of the type described which is inexpensive and contains few parts.
Another object of this invention is that such device be simple to install and require no special tools, so that the instructions for installing this device may be very brief and simple, thus enabling the average homeowner to install the device.
Other objects of this invention will be apparent hereinafter from the specification and from the recitation of the appended claims, particularly when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.


In known telecommunication systems a combination of a switch like a Service Switching Point or SSP and processor means like a Service Control Point or SCP can be used for providing several virtual private networks, which are completely independent. By allowing at least one destination of a virtual private number of one of said virtual private networks to correspond with a destination of a virtual private number of another virtual private network, the number of user possibilities is increased, like for example two companies each one of them having its own virtual private network and both having the possibility to work with the same secretary who works at home or with for example a secretary company situated at another location.

1. Technical Field
The invention relates to a telecommunication system for providing virtual private networks and comprising processor means for controlling a switch for making connections between origins and destinations, which processor means
in response to a first virtual private number belonging to a first virtual private network, controlls said switch for coupling a first origin to a first destination, and PA1 in response to a further first virtual private number belonging to said first virtual private network, controlls said switch for coupling said first origin to a further first destination, PA1 in response to a second virtual private number belonging to a second virtual private network, controlls said switch for coupling a second origin to a second destination, and PA1 in response to a further second virtual private number belonging to said second virtual private network, controlls said switch for coupling said second origin to a further second destination. PA1 a first input connectable to said first origin for receiving said first virtual private number belonging to said first virtual private network, in response to which said switch couples said first input to a first output connectable to said first destination, and for receiving said further first virtual private number belonging to said first virtual private network, in response to which said switch couples said first input to a further first output connectable to said further first destination, and PA1 a second input connectable to said second origin for receiving said second virtual private number belonging to said second virtual private network, in response to which said switch couples said second input to a second output connectable to said second destination, and for receiving said further second virtual private number belonging to said second virtual private network, in response to which said switch couples said second input to a further second output connectable to said further second destination. PA1 detection means coupled to said first input and to said second input for detecting said first virtual private number and said further first virtual private number and said second virtual private number and said further second virtual private number, and PA1 generation means coupled to said detection means and to said switch for generating, in response to a detection of said first virtual private number originating from said first input, a first control signal destined for said switch, and in response to a detection of said further first virtual private number originating from said first input, a further first control signal destined for said switch, and in response to a detection of said second virtual private number originating from said second input, a second control signal destined for said switch, and in response to a detection of said further second virtual private number originating from said second input, a further second control signal destined for said switch, and in response to a detection of said further first virtual private number originating from said second input, a third control signal destined for said switch, and in response to a detection of said further second virtual private number originating from said first input, a fourth control signal destined for said switch, with said first control signal and said second control signal defining the same destination, and with said further first control signal and said further second control signal and said third control signal and said fourth control signal being mutually different. PA1 in response to a first virtual private number belonging to a first virtual private network, controlls said switch for coupling a first origin to a first destination, and PA1 in response to a further first virtual private number belonging to said first virtual private network, controlls said switch for coupling said first origin to a further first destination, PA1 in response to a second virtual private number belonging to a second virtual private network, controlls said switch for coupling a second origin to a second destination, and PA1 in response to a further second virtual private number belonging to said second virtual private network, controlls said switch for coupling said second origin to a further second destination. PA1 a first input connectable to said first origin for receiving said first virtual private number belonging to said first virtual private network, in response to which said switch couples said first input to a first output connectable to said first destination, and for receiving said further first virtual private number belonging to said first virtual private network, in response to which said switch couples said first input to a further first output connectable to said further first destination, and PA1 a second input connectable to said second origin for receiving said second virtual private number belonging to said second virtual private network, in response to which said switch couples said second input to a second output connectable to said second destination, and for receiving said further second virtual private number belonging to said second virtual private network, in response to which said switch couples said second input to a further second output connectable to said further second destination. PA1 detection means coupled to said first input and to said second input for detecting said first virtual private number and said further first virtual private number and said second virtual private number and said further second virtual private number, and PA1 generation means coupled to said detection means and to said switch for generating, in response to a detection of said first virtual private number originating from said first input, a first control signal destined for said switch, and in response to a detection of said further first virtual private number originating from said first input, a further first control signal destined for said switch, and in response to a detection of said second virtual private number originating from said second input, a second control signal destined for said switch, and in response to a detection of said further second virtual private number originating from said second input, a further second control signal destined for said switch, and in response to a detection of said further first virtual private number originating from said second input, a third control signal destined for said switch, and in response to a detection of said further second virtual private number originating from said first input, a fourth control signal destined for said switch, with said first control signal and said second control signal defining the same destination, and with said further first control signal and said further second control signal and said third control signal and said fourth control signal being mutually different. PA1 in response to a first virtual private number belonging to a first virtual private network, controlling said switch for coupling a first origin to a first destination, and PA1 in response to a further first virtual private number belonging to said first virtual private network, controlling said switch for coupling said first origin to a further first destination, PA1 in response to a second virtual private number belonging to a second virtual private network, controlling said switch for coupling a second origin to a second destination, and PA1 in response to a further second virtual private number belonging to said second virtual private network, controlling said switch for coupling said second origin to a further second destination.
2. Discussion of Related Art
Such a telecommunication system is of common general knowledge and comprises for example a Service Switching Point or SSP functioning as said switch and comprises for example a Service Control Point or SCP functioning as said processor means. In response to a first virtual private number like for example XY1 belonging to a first virtual private network XY, said switch couples a first origin OR-1 to a first destination DE-XY1, and in response to a further first virtual private number XY2 belonging to said first virtual private network XY, said switch couples said first origin OR-1 to a further first destination DE-XY2. In response to a second virtual private number UW1 belonging to a second virtual private network UW, said switch couples a second origin OR-2 to a second destination DE-UW1, and in response to a further second virtual private number UW2 belonging to said second virtual private network UW, said switch couples said second origin OR-2 to a further second destination DE-UW2. So, a combination of said SSP and SCP is used to provide two or more virtual private networks, which are completely independent. Said SSP is further used, of course, for switching ordinary telephone calls, whereby in response to an ordinary telephone number ABCDEFGH a certain origin is coupled to a certain destination.
Said known telecommunication system is disadvantageous because of offering only a few user possibilities.

Telecommunication system and processor means, and method


Without disassembling a valve stem from a valve, the valve is decoupled from a valve actuator such that the valve stem and attached valve disc or body may shift to and from a seated position without interference by the actuator. Known loads are applied to the decoupled valve stem to cause a strain gauge output which corresponds to the known load. The strain gauge is mounted to the valve stem or other force reactive components of the valve which react by changing in dimension in response to the applied known load. The relationship of the applied load to the strain gauge output is determined to thereby calibrate the valve stem. The load is removed and the valve stem is recoupled to the valve actuator for operation. From the strain gauge output during either or both static and dynamic operation of the valve, the thrust on the valve stem is directly obtained and is used to evaluate the performance of the valve and actuator.

The present invention is directed to an in situ method of determining the thrust on a valve stem during operation of the valve, without requiring removal of the valve stem to implement the method. This method has particular applicability to determining the thrust applied to a valve stem during seating of a valve disc or body in a valve seat and also during movement of the valve body toward and away from the valve seat.
In any valve, in order to stop the flow of fluid through such valve, the valve disc or body must be properly seated against the valve seat with the appropriate valve stem thrust. This proper seating is all the more critical in high pressure applications.
There are numerous situations in which it is essential that a valve be fully and properly, remotely and quickly closed upon command.
In these applications motorized valve actuators are often employed which, in response to commands from a control center, supply a motive force to the valve stem to close and seat the valve. A motive force which increases in magnitude is supplied to the valve stem until the valve stem supplies a predetermined amount of thrust to the valve disc and the valve seat.
The amount of valve stem thrust required to properly seat a valve is a function of the operating conditions of the valve. For example, in a high pressure valve, a large amount of valve stem thrust is necessary to counteract the high pressure of the fluid flowing through the valve. On the other hand, in a low-pressure application, there would be substantially less pressure present to counteract the thrust applied by the valve stem. In any case, as a function of the operating conditions, the manufacturer of a valve often specifies a minimum amount of valve stem thrust which is required to be applied by the valve stem in order to properly seat a valve in the valve seat.
In common motorized actuators, a torque limiter is often employed to shut down the motive source whenever a predetermined operating condition is reached in the actuator. Ideally this predetermined condition has a direct correlation with the amount of thrust at the valve stem. Unfortunately, the monitored condition is often only an indirect indication of the actual valve stem thrust present at the valve stem. The result is that once a valve, actuator and torque limiter are assembled and operational in a system, there is no direct method of verifying that the exact amount of thrust required to close the valve is in fact being supplied when the actuator shuts off.
It has been found that the above method, due to various effects, including aging and routine valve maintenance, can be highly ineffective, often resulting in stem thrusts at actuator shut off which are well below the required minimum thrust or well in excess of the maximum thrust that the valve is capable of withstanding. Excess thrust can cause the valve stem to bend, the valve seats to be damaged, the valve disc or body to be distorted, and even render the valve inoperable, often to the point where the valve is stuck closed and manually inoperable.
A malfunctioning valve at the very minimum can cause increased operating and servicing expenses, and in the worst possible scenarios create life-threatening conditions. One example of the former would be in a manufacturing plant where a water supply valve does not fully close because insufficient thrust is supplied by the valve actuator to the valve stem, thus leading to leakage and waste. An example of the latter situation would be in a steam driven power plant where an emergency situation requires the shut down of a high pressure steam line, the failure to do so resulting in pipe rupture or the like.
It is therefore easy to see why there is great interest in developing a method and apparatus by which the proper operation of a valve can be simply and inexpensively determined.
The typical valve for which the present invention is especially suited includes a valve stem which applies thrust to a valve disc or body to seat the disc into a valve seat. The valve stem is threaded, to accept a valve stem nut, or drive sleeve, which rotates about the valve stem. The valve stem, valve disc and valve seat are housed in a valve housing, with one end of the valve stem extending externally from the housing. The drive sleeve is disposed about the external portion of the valve stem and supported at a fixed distance from the valve housing by a valve actuator. As the drive sleeve is rotated, the valve stem is caused to move upward or downward, depending upon the direction of rotation of the drive sleeve.
The valve actuator may include a motive source which is coupled to the drive sleeve through a transmission assembly. This transmission assembly often takes the form of a worm and worm gear. The worm gear is mounted for rotation with the drive sleeve. The worm is positioned with axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the worm gear. As the motive source rotates the worm, the rotation of the worm is transferred to the worm gear for rotation of the worm gear in a plane perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the worm. The rotation of the worm gear is then transferred to the drive sleeve which, in turn, rotates to raise or lower the position of the valve stem.
As the valve disc comes into contact with the valve seat, the valve stem presents an increasing amount of resistance to the rotation of the drive sleeve. This resistance is transmitted to the worm via the worm gear, and results in movement of the worm in a direction away from the motive source.
In order to further rotate the worm, the worm gear and the drive sleeve, the motive source must supply additional force to the transmission assembly.
When a motor is employed as the motive source, it is typically regulated by a torque limiter mechanism which, as discussed above, senses the operating condition of the actuator and disconnects power to the motor whenever a predetermined condition is attained. Typically, the position of the worm and spring pack assembly is the condition which is sensed. After the worm and spring pack assembly has moved a predetermined distance, as a result of the increased resistance presented by the valve stem, power to the motor is automatically disconnected.
The movement of the worm is biased by a spring, typically a Belleville spring, the amount of compression of which is proportional to the thrust being supplied to the valve stem. The compression of the Belleville spring is tracked by a mechanism such as a gear which in turn actuates a switch. The switch is settable so that its contacts are disengaged when it is displaced over a selected distance. The curve obtained by plotting supplied thrust versus switch position of a properly operating unit is then used to set the switches of other similar units. In theory, once a calibration curve is obtained for a properly functioning unit, other similar units can be set by simply adjusting the torque switch control to a position determined from the calibration curve. It would, therefore, follow that a torque limiter could be set out in the field by simply setting the correct position on the torque switch.
As a verification of the proper functioning of the torque limiter switch, a reading may be taken of the operating current of the motor at the point where the motor is deactivated by the torque switch. So long as such operating current falls within the range of 1.5 to 3.0 times the running current, the valve is assumed to be operating correctly. The running current of the motor is defined as the current supplied to the motor when the motor is operating under normal load for the particular valve, i.e., not in the mode where the valve stem is beginning to provide turning resistance to the worm gear.
Once a valve has been installed within a system, the predominant method of verifying that the valve is operating correctly is to set the torque switch position as specified by the manufacturer and to monitor the operating current of the valve in the above manner. In practice, this method has been found to be, at times, highly inaccurate and often leads to valve damage, as well as to improperly operating valves. This is true because the indirect measurement method used in this approach is often not responsive to such occurrences as the aging of components of the valve, such as the Belleville springs, reconfiguration of the actuator to a high speed or a low speed mode, servicing of the valve itself, such as repacking of the valve seal, and various other effects.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,570,903 to Crass details the above and other problems associated with such an approach for setting torque switches. In an attempt to overcome these problems, Crass discloses the coupling of a force measuring device, such as a load cell, to the externally accessible end of a valve stem. An actuating force is then applied to the valve stem by a valve actuator. The valve stem actuation is terminated when a predetermined state of the actuating means is reached, with the output of the load cell being observed at the point where operation of the actuating means was terminated. This information is used in adjusting the setting of torque limiter switch controls so as to terminate the operation of the actuator when the desired amount of thrust is supplied to the valve stem.
Although this approach does not require the disassembly of the valve stem, it suffers from a number of drawbacks. For example, the method of the Crass patent provides an indication of the thrust on a valve stem under static conditions, for example when the valve disc or body is seated in a valve seat. However, this would not provide an accurate measurement of thrust under dynamic operating conditions when the valve stem is being moved toward and away from the closed position in which the valve body is seated. The Crass method purports to determine the net force composed of all of the forces applied to the valve stem, including the thrust supplied by the motive supply and transmission as well as sliding resistance provided by valve packing. However the dynamic resistance from valve packing, bent valve stems, and the like is not understood to be determined by the Crass approach. Therefore, information concerning these dynamic performance affecting characteristics of an operating valve are not available from the Crass approach.
Secondly, in the approach described in the Crass patent, the valve stem is drilled and tapped to receive coupling elements to which the load cell is connected to mount the load cell in position on the valve stem. Drilling and tapping of the valve stem weakens the stem. In addition, for valves that are already in place and which lack the tapped opening for receiving these coupling elements, as a practical matter one would have to remove the valve stem in order to drill and tap the stem to receive the load cell coupling components. In this case, the time-consuming and expensive disassembly of the valve would be required to permit these modifications of the valve stem. Also, assume the valve is being operated in an environment in which contaminants are passing through the valve. In such a case the removal of the valve stem is further complicated by the fact that the valve body is contaminated and must be carefully handled to prevent harm to the environment and to workers who have to modify the valve stem. Consequently, the Crass approach cannot easily be used in retrofitting existing valves with the components used to implement the illustrated Crass approach.
As another prior art approach, strain gauges have been mounted to valve stems and/or yokes of valves with the outputs of the strain gauges being read. The strain gauge outputs ar then used to calculate the thrust on the valve stem. This approach provides some indication of both dynamic and static valve performance characteristics. However, it has proven inaccurate. That is, to calculate the thrust on the valve stem, the Young's modulus for the stem material is required in the calculations. The Young's modulus varies with the exact material that is used for the stem and also with the characteristics of the batch of metal used in any specific valve. Consequently, computations of thrust are simply not dependable enough to provide an accurate indication of the actual thrust being applied to a valve stem.
Therefore, a need exists for a method of accurately determining the thrust on a valve stem during both static and dynamic conditions without requiring disassembly of a valve nor the use of error-prone mathematical computations to calculate the theoretical thrust on a valve stem.

In situ method of determining the thrust on valve components


An apparatus includes a video capture device, an audio capture device and a processor. The video capture device may be configured to generate a plurality of video frames. The audio capture device may be configured to capture audio. The processor may be configured to analyze the audio to determine a direction of a source of the audio, select a window of interest for the video frames corresponding to the direction of the source of the audio, perform video operations to generate high resolution images of the window of interest, perform facial recognition operations on the high resolution images and determine an identity of the source of the audio in response to the facial recognition operations. The window of interest may have an area less than a total area of the video frames. The identity of the source of the audio may determine permissions for accessing features of the apparatus.

Home monitoring cameras with an integrated intelligent personal audio assistant are becoming more popular. The integrated intelligent personal audio assistant has the capability of allowing user instructions to be interpreted via verbal commands. However, as with many internet-connected devices, personal audio assistant devices, often lack in security. For example, keywords are often used to initiate a verbal command. If an unauthorized user is able to speak the keyword the personal audio assistant device might still perform a command (i.e., a commercial playing on a TV set has been used to cause a personal audio assistant to remotely cause personal audio assistants to perform functions).
One form of security that can be added to an intelligent personal audio assistant is permissions. If only particular users have permissions to initiate functions, then unauthorized use can be prevented. The problem is identifying the person speaking to the personal audio assistant. Video can be used to distinguish users. However, if the camera has a wide field of view there may be a limited image resolution within a particular viewing area. The camera must also select which person is talking in those situations where multiple people are present.
It would be desirable to implement a home monitoring camera featuring intelligent personal audio assistant, smart zoom and face recognition features.

Home monitoring camera featuring intelligent personal audio assistant, smart zoom and face recognition features


The present invention relates to a new class of indole derivatives, having a particular MKlp2 inhibition profile and useful as a therapeutic agent, in particular for the treatment of cancer, viral infections and lung diseases.

Cell division is a highly dynamic process, which depends on the proper interaction of mitotic spindle microtubules (MTs) with chromosomes during mitosis. Because of the dynamic nature of mitosis, proteins involved in the process are prime targets for the development of inhibitors that can be used as antimitotic agents with a potential chemotherapeutic value.
Currently, many anti-cancer drugs used in cancer chemotherapy are antimitotic agents, such as taxanes (Paclitaxel, Docetaxel) which target tubulin, the basic component for the polymerization of mitotic microtubules and/or vinca-alkaloids, such as vinorelbine or vinblastine.
Other anti-cancer drugs are alkylating agents, such as cis-platine, DNA intercaling agents, such as doxorubicin, Topoisomerase I or II inhibitors, such as respectively camptothecin and etoposide, and RNA/DNA antimetabolites, such as 5-fluorouracil.
In addition to inhibitors aiming at MT assembly/dynamics and inhibitors targeting mitotic kinases, a new class of targets has emerged, that of kinesin based motor proteins.
Kinesins are proteins which use the free energy of ATP hydrolysis to drive intracellular movement and influence cytoskeleton organization (R. D. Vale and R. J. Fletterick, Annu. Rev. Cell. Dev. Biol. 13, 745-777 (1997)). More than 90 members of this family are known. In particular, a RNAi screen in human cells has identified at least 12 different members of such kinesin superfamily as being actively involved in cell division.
Several members of the kinesin superfamily play thus key roles in mitosis and some of them, such as MKlp2 (also known as KIF20A/RAB6KIFL/Rabkinesin-6, protein number NP_005724), are essential for cytokinesis and more particularly for the implementation of the cleavage furrow and spindle midzone formation. Cytokinesis marks the final step of mitosis and the cell cycle, leading to the production of two daughter cells endowed with a complete set of chromosomes and cytoplasmic organelles.
Many steps of cytokinesis, from cleavage furrow and spindle midzone formation, to transport of proteins to the cell division plane as well as furrow ingression are thought to be dependent on the function of different members of the kinesin superfamily, including Mitotic-Kinesin-Like-Protein-1 (MKlp1) and -2 (MKlp2), M-Phase-Phosphoprotein-1 (MPP1), human KIF4A (and its very close, with 99% identity, homologue KIF4B, both kinesin-4 family) and KIF14. Another protein is Eg5 (also known as KSP) which drives the movement of microtubules in vitro.
Inhibitors of kinesins have already been reported (R. Sakowicz et al., Science 280, 292-295 (1998)) or disclosed, notably in U.S. Pat. No. 6,489,134 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,890,933 but such inhibitors do not show a potential efficacy against MKlp2.
MKlp2 has been shown to be essential for normal cleavage furrow ingression and cytokinesis. Depletion of MKlp2 by siRNA leads to binucleated cells (K Taniuchi et al. Cancer Research 65, 105-112 (2005)). MKlp2 has also been identified as a cytoskeleton-associated proteins essential for lysosomal stability and survival of human cancer cells (L. Groth-Pedersen et al. PLoS One. 7(10), e45381 (2012)). Accordingly, it can thus constitute new target for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against cancer or diseases linked to uncontrolled and/or abnormal cell growth.
Currently, there is a lack of potent inhibitors for this member of the kinesin family that could be used as an anti-cancer agent and for which the specificity of the anti-MKlp2 activity could be sufficient to prevent off target toxicity.
The use of kinesin inhibitors in HIV infection treatment has also been reported in patent application EP 2 455 456. In addition, mitotic kinesin inhibitors are also used for treating lung disease, particularly pulmonary arterial hypertension, such as described in patent application WO 2012/009097.
The inventors have demonstrated that some derivatives of indole are selective inhibitors for MKlp2 in the publication S. Tcherniuk et al. (Angew. Chem. Int. 49, 8228-8231 (2010)) and in the patent application WO 2010/150211. However, alternative or improved inhibitors are still very useful and necessary. A new generation of inhibitors of cytokinesis may in particular be used for the treatment of cancer.

Derivatives of indole for the treatment of cancer, viral infections and lung diseases

CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE


A printed circuit board and a method of making the same is disclosed wherein a powdered conductive composition is placed on a dielectric substrate in a matrix corresponding to the desired electrical circuit pattern. The powdered conductive composition is then heated by induction so that the conductive particles are sintered to form continuous conductive pathways secured to the dielectric substrate. The use of relatively high frequency induction currents coupled with a relatively small size of the conductive particles results in rapid heating of the powdered conductive composition while leaving the underlying dielectric substrate unaffected by the induction heating.

It is well known in the prior art that printed circuit boards are a highly cost effective and space saving innovation when used in electrical devices. Prior to the advent of printed circuit boards, it was necessary to run individual wires between each component used in an electrical device. The advent of printed circuit board technology permitted manufacturers who repeatedly utilized the same complex circuit design in a high volume product, to eliminate the individual wiring of each component into the system, while providing an integral mechanical support for the circuitry. More particularly, a printed circuit board has numerous electrically conductive pathways imprinted on a dielectric substrate, most frequently a fiberglass reinforced phenolic or epoxy. The electrical components may then be attached to the printed circuit board with the conductive patterns on the board forming the electrical connections therebetween.
Heretofore, conventional methods of forming the electrical pathways of a printed circuit board were both expensive and time consuming. For example in one process, the dielectric substrate is coated over its entire surface with a sheet of conducting metal, such as copper or aluminum. This is generally accomplished utilizing an electroplating technique. The selected pattern or matrix, which will represent the electrical pathways between the components, is then cut into a cloth material such as silk. The cloth material, having the cut-out matrix, is then placed on the dielectric substrate which has been previously coated with the conducting material. An etch-resist ink is then rolled over the cloth, with the ink passing through the cut-out pattern and forming an inked matrix on the coated dielectric substrate. The above described method is a conventional silk screen technique. The inked and coated board is then subjected to light which causes the etch-resist ink to become acid resistant. The dielectric substrate is then treated with acid such that all the metal areas of the board not coated with the ink are etched away leaving just the matrix pattern. The ink itself may then be removed by conventional techniques thereby leaving the electrically conductive pathways formed on the printed circuit board.
In another method used in the prior art, a catalyst is placed on an uncoated dielectric substrate in the desired wiring matrix. The substrate is then immersed in a charged solution of copper ions, such that the electrical pathways are formed by electrodeposition in the areas where the catalyst was placed.
As can be seen, these methods are both time consuming and expensive. Not only are numerous steps needed to produce a printed circuit board in a conventional manner, but great amounts of conducting metal are needed for coating the entire dielectric substrate, or to provide an ionic solution.

Method of making printed circuit board by induction heating of the conductive metal particles on a plastic substrate


Devices and methods are provided in which a driver is supplied via a first current path and a second current path which can comprise a switching element.

In many applications, for example automotive applications, it is desirable to rapidly switch a switch, for example a switch arranged between a load and a voltage supply. This can lead to high peak currents, which can in turn lead to fluctuations in the voltage supply and thus to disturbances of other circuit sections coupled to the voltage supply, for example circuit sections of an integrated circuit. Such switches are often driven by a driver which switches the switch in a manner dependent on a control signal.
Therefore, there is a need for driver circuits which can drive such switches without thereby disturbing for example a stability of a supply voltage in an integrated circuit containing the driver circuit.


Treatment systems include conformable applicators for performing cryotherapy are described. Aspects of the technology are further directed to methods and conformable applicators capable of affecting target regions. The conformable applicators can be applied a wide range of treatment sites. A strap assembly can hold applicator against the treatment site, and a holder assembly can be adhered to the subject's skin to inhibit, limit, or substantially prevent movement of the applicator along the subject's skin.

Excess body fat, or adipose tissue, may be present in various locations of the body, including, for example, the thighs, buttocks, abdomen, knees, back, face, arms, and other areas. Excess adipose tissue can detract from personal appearance and athletic performance. Moreover, excess adipose tissue is thought to magnify the unattractive appearance of cellulite, which forms when subcutaneous fat lobules protrude or penetrate into the dermis and create dimples where the skin is attached to underlying structural fibrous strands. Cellulite and excessive amounts of adipose tissue are often considered to be cosmetically unappealing. For example, excess adipose tissue located at a subject's outer thighs can form "saddlebags," and excess adipose tissue at the sides of the subject's waistline can form "love-handles" or a "muffin top." Diet and exercise may be insufficient to significantly reduce such excess adipose tissue.
Aesthetic improvement of the human body often involves the selective removal of adipose tissue. Currently, the most common procedures for this purpose are invasive, such as liposuction or other surgical techniques. Invasive procedures, however, tend to be associated with high cost, long recovery times, and increased risk of complications. In many instances, non-invasive or minimally invasive procedures can allow some or all of these disadvantages to be avoided while providing at least comparable clinical outcomes as those of invasive procedures. For example, non-invasive removal of excess subcutaneous adipose tissue can eliminate both unnecessary recovery time and discomfort associated with invasive procedures, such as liposuction. Conventional non-invasive treatments for removing excess body fat typically include application of topical agents, use of weight-loss drugs, regular exercise, dieting, or a combination of these treatments. One drawback of these treatments is that they may not be effective or even possible under certain circumstances. For example, when a person is physically injured or ill, regular exercise may not be an option. Similarly, weight-loss drugs or topical agents are not an option if, as another example, they cause an allergic or negative reaction. Furthermore, fat loss in selective areas (e.g., inner or outer regions of the thighs) of a person's body often cannot be achieved using general or systemic weight-loss methods.
Other methods designed to reduce subcutaneous adipose tissue include laser-assisted liposuction and mesotherapy. Non-invasive methods include applying radiant energy to subcutaneous lipid-rich cells via, e.g., radio frequency and/or light energy, such as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2006/0036300 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,143,063, or via, e.g., high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) radiation such as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,258,674 and 7,347,855. Additional methods and devices for non-invasively reducing subcutaneous adipose tissue by cooling are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,367,341 entitled "METHODS AND DEVICES FOR SELECTIVE DISRUPTION OF FATTY TISSUE BY CONTROLLED COOLING" to Anderson et al. and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0251120 entitled "METHODS AND DEVICES FOR DETECTION AND CONTROL OF SELECTIVE DISRUPTION OF FATTY TISSUE BY CONTROLLED COOLING" to Anderson et al., the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Treatment systems, devices, and methods for cooling targeted tissue


An apparatus and method for cleaning a corona wire in a toner supply and a toner cartridge employing the apparatus and method for cleaning a corona wire. The apparatus and method allow a user to free the corona wire from debris or excess toner without interrupting the use of a printer for long periods of time. The apparatus includes toner cartridge, a housing for the corona wire, and a compact cleaning cartridge tool. The cartridge cleaning tool further includes a cleaning support element, a cleaning element, a handle and a hook element.

The popularity of stand-alone printers has increased with the increased demand for document printing in, for example, the work place, home, or a government office. Indeed, stand-alone printers are relied upon to produce a variety of printed documents, such as reports, letters, legal papers, government documents and even homework assignments. In many contexts, a user may rely on such printers to produce clean, smudge-free documents with clear and well defined printed text and/or graphics. Such printers typically employ a toner supply device (such as a toner cartridge) provided with a corona wire for image formation processing.
A problem that has confronted many printer users is the accumulation of excess toner and other debris on the corona wire. These accumulations can deteriorate the print quality and can interrupt the continuous use of these printers by causing print defects, such as smudging and/or dark streaks on the printed pages. In some cases, technicians were called to remove the toner or debris that was causing print defects on the printed pages. This required printer down time as well as technician expenses.
In many instances, the problem simply required that toner or other debris be wiped from the small thin corona wire in the printer toner cartridge. To address this simple problem and allow maximum working time, tools were developed that allowed the user or technician to clean the corona wire without disabling the printer for long periods of time.
One such tool has been incorporated in an IBM LaserPrinter Series toner cartridge distributed under part No. 1380520 (see FIG. 1). The IBM cartridge utilizes a long, narrow, plastic arm 74 that extends the width of the printer cartridge (i.e., the length of the corona wire 75). A seat 76 resides at one end of the arm 74. The seat 76 houses a felt piece 78 that wraps around the corona wire. The other end of the long arm 74 includes a handle 80 that protrudes to the outside of the printer cartridge, allowing the user to access and manipulate the long, narrow, plastic arm 74. When the corona wire needs to be cleaned, the user or technician holds the handle 80 and pulls the long, narrow, plastic arm 74 out from the side of the printer cartridge, causing the felt piece 78 to slide along the length of the corona wire. As the felt piece 78 slides along the corona wire, toner or other debris accumulated on the corona wire adheres to the felt piece or is pushed off of or along the wire.
To use this device, the printer must be positioned such that the plastic arm can be pulled out from the side of the printer cartridge by a distance at least the length of the corona wire. Thus, there must be space, at least the length of the corona wire, on one side of the printer. Further, the relatively long length dimension of the lever arm, from the handle to the seat, results in a lever action which has a propensity for imparting a relative large force on the corona wire, which may be subject to breakage.
Other types of cleaning tools include a member which is pressed upward against the wire for the purpose of cleaning the corona wire, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,788,573 to Nakaoka et al. In such designs, the pressure force imparted by the upward pressing of the tool must be predetermined and controlled so as not to break the corona wire.

Cartridge, cartridge cleaning apparatus and method for cleaning a corona wire


A quantitative method including separating a mixture of olefins, aromatics, and saturates by supercritical fluid chromatography to obtain an eluent stream that over a first time period contains a mixture of olefins and saturates, and over a second time period contains aromatics, and passing the eluent first to an ultraviolet absorption detector (UV). Importantly, the eluent is irradiated in the UV detector at a wavelength capable of producing an ultraviolet absorbance response of olefins that is independent of specific olefins present, and preferably is substantially similar to a mass detector response for olefins. From a combination of UV and mass response, the mass of the olefins in the mixture of olefins and saturates can be determined. Thereafter, the eluent is passed to a mass detector whereby the mass of the mixture of saturates and olefins is determined and then the mass of the aromatics is determined.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for quantitatively determining the amount of saturates, olefins, and aromatic components in mixtures thereof.
2. Background of the Disclosure
The separation and quantitation of saturates, olefins, aromatics, and polar components present in petroleum products traditionally is performed by liquid chromatography (LC). As is known, however, liquid chromatographic methods are slow and labor intensive. Depending upon the compounds present in the mixtures, the separation efficiency may be limited and the precision achieved may be low. Therefore, in the petroleum industry the standard method for determining olefins, saturates, and aromatics in gasoline and jet fuels, for example, is the so-called fluorescence indicator adsorption method (FIA). Unfortunately, this technique fails to measure low levels of olefins and is interfered with by the presence of color and also the presence of components lighter than hexane.
With the advances that have been made in the field of chromatography and especially with the advent of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), attempts have been made to take advantage of these advances to develop better measurement techniques. Thus, a flame ionization detector (FID) has been used in the measurement of aromatics and saturates present in middle distillates after separation by SFC. This technique, however, is insufficient for analysis of hydrocarbon mixtures containing olefins, saturated hydrocarbons, and aromatics because olefins are not separated from saturates in SFC.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a method whereby the quantitative amount of saturates, olefins and aromatics in a composition are easily and quickly determined.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for quantitatively determining the amount of olefins, saturates, and aromatics that eliminates the need to separate the olefins and saturates in a composition.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art, particularly upon reading the examples and disclosures herein.

Method for quantitatively determining the amount of saturates, olefins, and aromatics in a mixture thereof


A device provided in a mobile phone for notifying the user of the receiving of a call signal, includes a vibrator having a rotor mounted in the body of the mobile phone to make a vibration tangibly sensed by the user when the call signal is received by the mobile phone, a battery pack detachably attached to the body to supply power to the mobile phone, and a protrusion formed on the outer surface of the battery pack at the weight center of the mobile phone. Thus, the mobile phone placed on a surface is rotated about the protrusion upon receiving the call signal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mobile phone such as CT-2, PCS, cellular phone, etc., and more particularly a device for notifying the user of a mobile phone of the reception of a call signal.
2. Description of the related art
The conventional mobile phone is usually designed to notify the user of the reception of a call signal in two ways, one of which is to use a vibrator to make a vibration tangibly sensed, and the other to use an alarm to generate an alarm sound audibly sensed. However, when the user does not carry the mobile phone, or it is placed at a distance such that the user cannot visibly or audibly perceive the vibration or alarm signal, the mobile phone does not have any other means to notify the user of the reception of a call signal.
it is an object of the present invention to provide a mobile phone with a device for visibly notifying the user of the reception of a call signal even when the mobile phone set to the vibration mode is placed at a distance, and method therefore.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a mobile phone with a device that causes the mobile phone set to the vibration mode to rotate about the weight center of the mobile phone to visibly notify the user of the reception of a call signal.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a device provided in a mobile phone for notifying the user of the reception of a call signal, comprises a vibrator having a rotor mounted in the body of the mobile phone to make a vibration tangibly sensed by the user when the call signal is received by the mobile phone, a battery pack detachably attached to the body to supply power to the mobile phone, and a protrusion formed on the outer surface of the battery pack at the weight center of the mobile phone, whereby the mobile phone is rotated about the protrusion upon receiving the call signal.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of notifying the user of the reception of a call signal in a mobile phone having a vibrator, which comprises the steps of causing the vibrator to make a vibration tangibly or audibly sensed by the user when the mobile phone set to the vibration mode receives a call signal, and making the mobile phone rotate about a protrusion due to the vibration so as to visibly notify the user of the reception of the call signal.
The present invention will now be described more specifically with reference to the drawings attached by way of example.

Mobile phone provided with a device for notifying the user of the reception of a call signal and method therefor


The present invention is directed to a down-sizable fitting for transferring a high-temperature, high-pressurized special chemical fluid which should be under strict control used in a high technology field or industry. A fitting according to the invention comprises a fastener (9) engaging a two-plied section including a folded-back portion (1c) which is formed such that one end section of a tube (1) is folded or turned back outwardly, and a fitting body (4) for fitting into the fastener (9, 11);. the fastener (9, 11) having an engaging portion (9c) for receiving said two-plied section of the tube (1), a contact portion (9b) for contact with the outer surface of the folded-back portion (1c) of the tube (1), and a threaded portion (9d) formed on the inner surface thereof; PA1 the engaging portion (9c), the contact portion (9b) and the threaded portion (9d) are axially aligned; PA1 the fitting body (4) including a cylindrical section (4a) which has an end for abutting against the U-shaped end (1c) of the two-plied section of the tube (1), the cylindrical section (4a) provided at the outer surface thereof with a threaded portion (4b).

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to a fitting or a fitting structure of a synthetic resinous material mainly used in a tubing system in a high technology field or industry such as fabrication of semiconductors, for example, for transferring a high-temperature, high-pressurized special chemical fluid which should be under strict control because of its environmental impact, for example.
2. Prior Art
There are known fitting structures for plastic pipes or tubes, which use fluid-tight screws, ferrules, or a variety of other fluid-tight structures. Because of inherent natures of fluoroplastics, fitting structures made of a fluoroplastic material, for example, TFE (tetrafluoroethylene), PFA (copolymer of polytetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkylvinylether), or FEP (copolymer of polytetrafluoropropylene), are often used for transferring high-temperature, high-pressurized chemical fluids, particularly chemical liquids which need careful handling. However, conventional fluoroplastic fitting structures involve the problem of leakage of fluids. Namely, these fitting structures repeatedly experience expansion and contraction during the heat cycle, and creeps are produced in the fitting structures. These creeps result in making microscopic gaps between connected elements, and this is a major reason of the leakage problem. It is extremely difficult to prevent these gaps from being made.
To solve the problem a tube fitting as shown in FIG. 7 has been proposed. The prior art fitting shown in FIG. 7 is used for connecting a tube to an associated device, for example. In FIG. 7, the reference numeral 1 represents a tube made of a fluoroplastic material. One end or a forward end section of the tube 1 is folded back to outwardly overlap the remainder main portion of the tube 1 to form a folded-back portion of a predetermined length. As a result, the tube 1, in the folded shape, defines a folded-back end which is U-shaped in its cross section.
A fitting for connecting the tube 1 is made up of an insert 10, a fitting body 6 and a ring member 8 which are all made of a fluoroplastic material.
The insert 10 has a tubular shape and it is mounted on the tube 1 such that one end section (lower end section in FIG. 7) of the insert 10 sits between the main body of the tube 1 and the foldedback portion thereof.
The fitting body 6 includes an annular groove 6a whose bottom is U-shaped in its cross section to fit the U-shaped forward end of the tube 1; a cylindrical portion 6c encircling the annular groove 6a to define an inner wall surface 6b for contact with the outer wall of the folded-back portion of the tube 1 and an outer wall surface threaded to form a threaded portion 6f; and a connecting portion 6e threaded on its outer circumferential surface to form a threaded portion 6d for connecting the fitting body 6 to an associated device or apparatus.
The ring member 8 includes an inner ring portion 8a for engagement with the other end (upper end in FIG. 7) of the insert 10, and an outer cylindrical portion 8b whose inner wall surface is threaded to form a threaded portion 8c for threading engagement with the threaded portion 6f of the fitting body 6.
For fabricating the fitting structure, one end section of the tube 1 is first folded back outwardly by a predetermined length, and the insert 10 is inserted between the main portion and the folded-back portion of the tube 1. Then, the semi-assembly of the tube 1 and the insert 10 is joined to the fitting body 6. After that, the portion 6f of the fitting body 6 is threadedly engaged with the portion 8c of the ring member 8 until the insert 10 tightly compresses the U-shaped forward end of the tube 1 onto the annular groove 6a of the fitting body 6.
As a result, the tube 1 is firmly connected to the fitting, and the above-mentioned leakage problem is removed.
However, the prior art fitting structure is bulky in diameter because of the radially overlapped arrangement of the insert 10, the cylindrical portion 6c of the fitting body 6 and the outer cylindrical portion 8b of the ring member 8 around the tube 1 with threads being formed on the portions 6c and 8b for firm engagement between the fitting body 6 and the ring member 8. With the prior art fitting, the diametrical bulkiness of the fitting will make it impossible to arrange a plurality of tubes closely side by side for connection with the associated device.

Tube-connecting fitting and fitting structure


A turning control device for a virtual stationary bike includes a video monitor and a computer program. The program is driven by a flywheel of the bike to show images of a rider on the bike on a road. A control case is fixed at the lower end of the handle with a sensor fixed inside for sending signals, with a shade plate that moves with the handle. The shade plate is positioned between two circuit boards, and has a plurality of opening for controlling lights emitted by electronic elements of the two circuit boards. The handle Controls the shade and the sensor to send out different signals so that the video monitor shows images of the rider on the bike moving in directions according to the command of the computer program, permitting the rider to feel as though he were riding on a road to enhance the pleasure of exercise.

This inventionrelates to a turning control device for a virtual stationary bike, particularly to one having a handle controlling a video monitor to show a rider on the bike changing his position so that the rider feels as if he was riding a real bike on a road, thereby enhancing the pleasure of exercise.
A traditional stationary bike generally includes a bike frame, a handle, a seat, a pedal, and a flywheel for a user to pedal for exercise. The user only looks forward monotonously. So a conventional virtual stationary bike includes a video monitor positioned in a front portion of a bike, and a computer program provided to display images on the video monitor. A flywheel drives the computer program. The video monitor shows images of a rider on the bike on a road, with scenes changing according to the programmed design. When the fly wheel begins to rotate, the monitor may show the scenes moving toward the rider on the bike, and it seems as through the rider on the bike were running forward virtually on a road. This lets the user feel pleasant.
The objective of the invention is to offer a turning control device for a virtual stationary bike, permitting a user of the stationary bike to feel as if he is riding a bike, enhancing the pleasure of exercise.
The novel feature of the invention is a control case fixed at a lower end of a handle. A sensor contained in the control case has an output terminal connected to a computer program so that the handle controls the computer program. The computer program is connected to a video monitor positioned so that it can be seen by a user. The monitor show images of a rider on a bike on a road, the images changing according to signals sent from the computer program activated by the handle. The handle has a transmitting rod fixed at a lower end of an inner rod of the handle that is inserted into the control base and connected to the sensor. Turning the handle activates the sensor and sends out different output signals according to turning modes of the handles. The signals are sent to the computer program, and the monitor show the changing images.

Turning control device for a virtual stationary bike


There is provided a photo-curable, electrically conductive composition which is capable of forming a lower layer (black layer) electrode circuit satisfying both the sufficient conductivity and blackness after calcination in the formation of an electrode on a front substrate of a plasma display panel (PDP). The composition comprises, in the first fundamental mode thereof, (A) electrically conductive black fine particles having a specific surface area of more than 20 m2/g,(B) anorganic binder, (C) a photopolymerizable monomer, and (D) a photopolymerization initiator, and in the second mode further comprises (E) inorganic fine particles besides the above components. The lower layer (black layer) electrode circuit of bus electrodes (4a, 4b) of the PDP is formed by applying such a photo-curable, electrically conductive composition on transparent electrodes (3a, 3b) of a front glass substrate (1), exposing the applied layer to light according to a predetermined pattern, and subjecting the layer to development and calcination.

This invention relates to an electrically conductive composition of the alkali-developing type and photo-curable type useful for the formation of a fine electrode circuit on a front substrate of a plasma display panel (hereinafter abbreviated as a xe2x80x9cPDPxe2x80x9d) and a PDP provided with a front substrate having electrodes, particularly under layers (black layers) of bus electrodes, formed by the use of the above composition.
The PDP is a planar display for exhibiting pictures and pieces of information by utilizing the light emitted by plasma discharge. It is classified under the DC type and the AC type according to the structure of panel and the mode of driving. The principle of color display by the PDP consists in generating plasma discharge in cells (discharge spaces) between two opposed electrodes severally formed on a front glass substrate and a rear glass substrate separated by intervening ribs (barriers), and exciting the phosphor formed on the inner surface of the rear glass substrate with the ultraviolet light generated by the discharge of such a gas as He or Xe sealed in the cells thereby inducing generation of visible lights of three primary colors. The cells in the DC type PDP are divided by the component ribs of a lattice, whereas those in the AC type PDP are divided by the ribs which are arranged in parallel on the face of the substrate. In either case, the cells are divided by ribs. Now, a brief explanation is given below with reference to a drawing attached hereto.
FIG. 1 illustrates a typical construction of the planar discharge type PDP using a three-electrode structure for full color display. On the lower face of a front glass substrate 1, many pairs of display electrodes 2a, 2b each comprising a transparent electrode 3a or 3b intended for discharge and a bus electrode 4a or 4b intended for lowering the line resistance of the transparent electrode are formed with prescribed pitches. On the display electrodes 2a, 2b, a transparent dielectric layer 5 (low-melting glass) for accumulating electric charge is formed by printing and calcination. A protective layer (MgO) 6 is formed thereon by vacuum deposition. The protective layer 6 assumes the role of protecting the display electrodes and maintaining the state of discharge.
On a rear glass substrate 11, ribs (barriers) 12 shaped like stripes and adapted to partition discharge spaces and address electrodes (data electrodes) 13 severally disposed in the discharge spaces are formed with prescribed pitches. On the inner faces of discharge spaces, fluorescent films of the three colors, i.e. red (14a), blue (14b), and green (14c), are laid out regularly. In the full color display, the fluorescent films 14a, 14b, and 14c of the three primary colors of red, blue, and green mentioned above jointly form one picture element.
The PDP described above is called a xe2x80x9cplanar discharge systemxe2x80x9d because an AC pulse voltage is applied between the pair of display electrodes 2a, 2b to induce discharge between the electrodes on one and the same substrate. It has a construction such that the ultraviolet light generated by discharge excites the fluorescent films 14a, 14b, and 14c of the rear substrate 11 and the visible light consequently generated is seen through the transparent electrodes 3a, 3b of the front substrate 1 (reflection type).
The formation of the bus electrodes 4a, 4b mentioned above has been heretofore attained by a process which comprises forming three Cr/Cu/Cr layers by vacuum deposition or sputtering on the transparent electrode and then patterning the layers by the photolithographic technique. Since this process suffers copiousness of component steps and high cost of production, in recent years, a process which comprises screen printing a conductive paste such as of silver and then calcining the layer of the paste or, for the purpose of imparting to a pattern a line width of not more than 150 xcexcm, a process which comprises applying a photosensitive conductive paste to the transparent electrode, exposing the layer of the paste to light through a pattern mask, developing the exposed layer, and subsequently calcining the developed layer has come to take the place of the former process.
In the front substrate of PDP on which the bus.electrodes 4a and 4b are formed in this way, in recent years, the formation of the electrode of the black-white two-layer structure is performed to increase the contrast of images by the method comprising the steps of printing an electrically conductive black paste having a relatively poor conductivity as a lower layer (layer in contact with the transparent electrodes 3a and 3b) on a display side and then printing a white layer of silver paste having good conductivity thereon. In this case, a resin composition containing a silver powder and a heat-resistant black pigment is used as the electrically conductive black paste. In such an electrically conductive black paste, accordingly, it is necessary to adjust the amounts of silver powder and black pigment incorporated into the composition while balancing the conductivity and blackness thereof. However, under the actual circumstances it is hardly possible to obtain the, electrodes which may satisfy both the conductivity and blackness. That is to say, if a large amount of silver powder is incorporated into the composition in order to secure conductivity, an electrically conductive film of clear black cannot be obtained due to a silver color tone. Conversely, if a large amount of black pigment is incorporated into the composition for the purpose of attaining a clear black color, it is hardly possible to obtain an electrically conductive film having a desired conductivity.
Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the problems involved in such conventional technology. The main object of the present invention is to provide a photo-curable, electrically conductive composition which is capable of forming a conductive film satisfying both the sufficient conductivity and blackness after calcination, without deteriorating the excellent adhesiveness to a substrate, resolution, and calcination properties of the electrically conductive composition in the component steps of process, i.e. drying, exposure to light, development, and calcination.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a PDP provided with the front substrate on which a highly fine electrode circuit formed of such a photo-curable, electrically conductive composition, particularly bus electrodes each consisting of two layers of black and white in which the lower layer (black layer) electrode circuit satisfies both the sufficient conductivity between layers (electrical conduction between a transparent electrode and a white layer of the bus electrode) and the blackness, is formed.
To accomplish the objects mentioned above, according to the present invention, there is provided a photo-curable, electrically conductive composition. The first fundamental mode of the present invention is characterized by comprising (A) electrically conductive black fine particles having a specific surface area of more than 20 m2/g, (B) an organic binder, (C) a photopolymerizable monomer, and (D) a photopolymerization initiator. The second mode is characterized by further comprising (E) inorganic fine particles besides the above-mentioned ingredients. As the electrically conductive black fine particles (A) mentioned above, at least one kind of, fine particles selected from the group consisting of ruthenium oxides, ruthenium compounds, copper-chromium-based black composite oxides, and copper-iron-based black composite oxides are advantageously used. Such a photo-curable, electrically conductive composition of the present invention may be in the form of paste or in the form of a dry film produced in advance from the composition in the form of film.
In accordance with the present invention, there is further provided a PDP provided with a front substrate having an electrode circuit formed from a calcined product of such a photo-curable, electrically conductive composition.

Photo-curable electrically conductive composition and plasma display panel having electrodes formed by use of the same


A gas turbine system include a first body including a central passage extending from a mixing region to a central outlet at a first downstream end portion of the first body, a fuel outlet in the mixing region, an oxidant outlet in the mixing region, and an outer passage including a first passage extending in a downstream direction toward the first downstream end portion and a second passage extending in an upstream direction from the first downstream end portion into the mixing region.

The subject matter disclosed herein relates to gas turbine engines and, more specifically, to a fuel nozzle assembly of the gas turbine engine.
A gas turbine engine combusts a mixture of fuel and air to generate hot combustion gases, which in turn drive one or more turbine stages. In particular, the hot combustion gases force turbine blades to rotate, thereby driving a shaft to rotate one or more loads, e.g., an electrical generator. The gas turbine engine includes one or more fuel nozzle assemblies to inject fuel and air into a combustor. The design and construction of the fuel nozzle assembly can significantly impact exhaust emissions (e.g., nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, etc.) as well as the life of components of the fuel nozzle assembly. Furthermore, the design and construction of the fuel nozzle assembly can significantly affect the time, cost, and complexity of installation, removal, maintenance, and general servicing. Therefore, it would be desirable to improve the design and construction of the fuel nozzle assembly.


A direct current electric furnace for melting metal raw material, especially scrap iron, comprises two consumable electrodes separated from one another and both offset laterally on the side of the median plane P1 of the vessel turned towards the current source. At least four fixed electrodes are distributed on either side of the median plane and arranged substantially at the vertices of a regular polygon symmetrical with respect to the median plane and placed between the vertical projections of the consumable electrodes, the conductors of the electrodes placed towards the source being orientated directly towards the latter, parallel to the conductors of the consumable electrodes and the conductors of the electrodes placed on the side opposite to the source each comprising a first branch passing around the vertical projection of the corresponding consumable electrode and a second branch orientated towards the source parallel to the conductors connected to the consumable electrodes.

Electric furnaces used for the melting of scrap iron or other raw material and the reduction of the bath of metal obtained, with optional addition of alloy elements until a metal of determined composition is obtained, have long been known in the art.
An electric furnace is generally constituted by a vessel delimited by a lateral wall and a bottom covered with a sole of refractory material and closed with a removable dome-shaped lid.
At least one electrode, called consumable, generally constituted by a bar of graphite, penetrates inside the vessel. Each electrode is supported by an arm extending above the dome and is mounted for vertical movement, so as to pass through the dome and descend into the raw material loaded into the furnace. This raw material, which is generally constituted by scrap iron, is in contact with at least one fixed electrode passing through the bottom and the refractory sole.
In the case of a single-phase alternating current furnace or of a direct current furnace, the consumable electrode and the sole electrode are connected to the two poles of a current source.
In the case of a two- or three-phase alternating current furnace, the consumable electrodes are connected to the poles of the current source and the charge is in contact with the sole electrode which constitutes the neutral of the system.
There are thus formed between the charge and each consumable electrode one or more electric arcs, which produce the melting of the scrap iron and the formation of a bath of metal in the bottom of the vessel.
Until recently, furnaces supplied with alternating current in particular were used, but it was found that the supply of direct current to the electrodes brought a number of advantages such as reduced noise and increased energy efficiency because it is possible to use higher voltages than those permitted with alternating current.
Provided that the charge is in scrap-iron form, the electrodes penetrate the latter by digging holes in it which determine a sort of insulation of the arcs from one another and tend to stabilize them. On the other hand, when the charge is entirely melted, the arcs which are subject to the magnetic effects created by the current passing through the electrodes, through the conductors which connect the electrodes to the current source and through other parts of the installation, may form in unpredictable directions and are therefore very unstable.
The zone in which the arcs form, which is at the highest temperature, can therefore not be kept at the center of the furnace, the walls and bottom of which may be subjected to excessive temperatures and substantial wear of the refractory lining.
Applicants have already disclosed, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,821,284, a process for controlling the direction of the electric arcs in a direct current furnace, even at high power levels.
To this end, instead of separating the conductors as far as possible from the furnace in order to avoid the influence of the magnetic fields produced by the passing of the current, the conductors connected to the fixed electrodes are, on the contrary, made to pass along the lower face of the bottom and as close as possible to the latter determining the profile and orientation of the path followed by the conductors so that the passing of the current produces magnetic fields, the mutual effects of which, with respect to deviation of the arcs, and taking into account all of the magnetic influences exerted in operation by the other conductors and the various parts of the installation, are such, that the arcs tend to converge towards a predetermined zone of the bath of metal.
The intensities which can be made to pass in the conductors and the electrodes, in particular the sole electrodes, are limited, and several consumable electrodes and several sole electrodes must therefore be used. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,821,284, several arrangements were envisaged, using in particular three consumable electrodes and three fixed electrodes.
The arrangement and orientation of the conductors of the fixed electrodes are determined by a prior calculation taking into account the general arrangement of the installation and, in particular, of the electrodes. To this end, a mathematical model is made first permitting calculation of the effects on the arcs of all of the elements through which an electric current flows, taking into account the intensities, the magnetic characteristics of the various parts of the installation, of the changes in the charge and of the temperatures during the various phases of the melting operation, and distinguishing in the calculations between the fixed elements the characteristics and positioning of which are fixed in advance and the variable elements on which it is possible to act. The routing of the conductors can thus be determined by calculating in advance the foreseeable effects on the arcs.
Among the fixed elements must be cited in particular the general constitution of the furnace, such as the shape of the vessel and of its supports, the accessory components such as the taphole and its means of closure, the support arms of the consumable electrodes along which the corresponding conductors generally pass and the position of the current source which, generally, is placed as close as possible to the vessel so as to limit the length of the conductors.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,821,284, the main concern was to act upon the routing of the conductors by calculating, by means of the mathematical model, the various magnetic effects resulting from it, so as to determine the optimum arrangement requiring conductors of minimum length for effective control of the directions of the arcs.
The invention patent thus permits the construction of high capacity direct current furnaces.
Up to a capacity of about 110 tons, it is possible to use a single consumable electrode, the intensity not exceeding about 100,000 Amperes. In that case, it is relatively simple, by means of the process set out above, to control the direction of the arc, and three electrodes are generally used, fixed in a symmetrical arrangement around the vertical projection of the consumable electrode.
However, above about 110 tons, intensities have to be used which require the number of electrodes to be increased with a consequent risk of disturbances resulting from the mutual effects of the fields produced by the flowing of the current in the large number of conductors. It then becomes very difficult to perfect the mathematical model in view of the large number of elements to be taken into account, and their interactions.
The studies conducted by applicants have, however, led to a particularly advantageous arrangement of the electrodes and conductors which permits construction of furnaces, having a very high capacity, capable of exceeding 110 tons while effectively controlling the direction of the electric arcs.

D.C. electric arc furnace with consumable and fixed electrode geometry


The invention relates to an electrical terminal element comprising a base element with at least one terminal section and at least one socket section which has at least one contact arm for contacting a plug-in contact which can be introduced into the socket section. In a contact region in which contacting of the inserted plug-in contact takes place, the contact arm is divided into at least two partial contacts. Also, the electrical terminal element comprises an additional spring which surrounds the base element in the region of the socket section and which has at least one additional spring arm which at least in the contact region cooperates with the contact arm, so that the latter can be deflected against a return force of the additional spring arm.

Electrical terminal elements of this kind serve to provide a releasable electrical connection between the plug-in contact and the terminal element, and are used in motor vehicles, for example. In this case the plug-in connections must be able to withstand strong vibrations as well as extreme temperatures and at the same time conduct high currents. Throughout the life of the terminal element, a reliable electrical connection must also be ensured between the terminal element and the plug-in contact.
The subject matter discussed in the background section should not be assumed to be prior art merely as a result of its mention in the background section. Similarly, a problem mentioned in the background section or associated with the subject matter of the background section should not be assumed to have been previously recognized in the prior art. The subject matter in the background section merely represents different approaches, which in and of themselves may also be inventions.


A two-piece cutter member for mounting on a sickle bar has a rigid thin support element arranged for relatively permanent attachment to a sickle bar, and a flat planar pyramid-shaped spring metal blade. A portion of the blade provides at least one bridge or loop for encircling the support element and holding the blade on the support element. A section of either said the portion or the support element is displaced with respect to the support face to releasably hold the blade on the support when the blade is fully positioned on said support element. The spring metal blade is preferably formed of two thin sheet welded together near their edges.

Field of the Invention
Replaceable cutter members have long been a standard feature of sickle bars since the cutter members are subject to damage and breakage due to use. The art is well-developed in this area and is represented by the following U.S. patents:
U.S. Pat. No. 97,062 issued Nov. 23, 1869 in the name of G. L. Du Laney; and
U.S. Pat. No. 594,747 issued Nov. 30, 1897 in the name of H. M. Landes;
U.S. Pat. No. 635,321 issued Oct. 24, 1899 in the name of J. B. Hill;
U.S. Pat. No. 915,247 issued Mar. 16, 1909 in the name of P. E. Sundquist;
U.S. Pat. No. 997,495 issued Jul. 11, 1911 in the name of W. R. Gourley;
U.S. Pat. No. 1,137,662 issued Apr. 27, 1915 in the name of B. C. Parsons;
U.S. Pat. No. 1,158,521 issued Nov. 2, 1915 in the name of J. H. McElroy;
U.S. Pat. No. 1,164,691 issued Dec. 21, 1915 in the name of T. J. Wilson;
U.S. Pat. No. 1,214,345 issued Jan. 30, 1917 in the name of B. Melby;
U.S. Pat. No. 1,274,659 issued Aug. 6, 1918 in the name of J. W. Alexander;
U.S. Pat. No. 1,315,312 issued Sep. 9, 1919 in the name of J. H. Klenck;
U.S. Pat. No. 1,537,354 issued May 12, 1925 in the name of C. F. Hover;
U.S. Pat. No. 1,684,616 issued Sep. 18, 1928 in the name of F. J. Bicek;
U.S. Pat. No. 3,013,373 issue Aug. 15, 1958 in the name of A. F. Kopaska;
U.S. Pat. No. 2,427,306 issued Sep. 9, 1947 in the name of J. F. Schafer;
U.S. Pat. No. 4,223,514 issued Sep. 23, 1980 in the name of Lawrence M. Halls and Horace G. McCarty;
U.S. Pat. No. 4,646,440 issued Mar. 3, 1987 in the name of John R. Decker;
In addition there are the following foreign patents of interest:
British Patent Number 2967 issued Sep. 10, 1873
British Patent Number 891085 issued Jun. 22, 1959
German Patent Number 832357 issued Feb. 25, 1952
In all of these patents the whole blade must be replaced when there is any damage to the blade. This replacement involves various degrees of difficulty and expense.


The present invention aims to provide a production method of a composition containing (A) glycerol and (B) glycine, which includes using glycerol substantially free of dihydroxyacetone or having a dihydroxyacetone content of not more than 150 ppm. According to the present invention, a composition, particularly a cosmetic composition, having a moist feeling but free of stickiness and showing suppressed coloration can be provided.

When cosmetic agent and the like are prepared, glycerol is widely used to create a moist feeling. On the other hand, glycine is a material used as a cosmetic agent to moisturize the skin and simultaneously suppress stickiness, and N-acylglycine and a salt thereof are materials used for cosmetics as washing components.
Glycerol and glycine or N-acylglycine are often simultaneously added to cosmetics (patent documents 1, 2).

Composition containing glycerol and glycine


A method for assembling a liquid crystal display device includes: a) assembling together a front frame, a liquid crystal panel and an optical plate unit in a dust-free environment to form a first unit in a manner that the liquid crystal panel closes an opening in the front frame and that a sealed state is established between the liquid crystal panel and the optical plate unit; b) assembling a circuit board to one side of a rear frame without requirement of a dust-free environment to form a second unit; c) assembling a light source to one of the first and second units; and d) interconnecting the first and second units without requirement of a dust-free environment in a manner that the light source is able to provide light to a light-entrance surface of the optical plate unit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device and a method for assembling the same, more particularly to a liquid crystal display device assembled by directly assembling a front frame and optical components together, and a method for assembling the liquid crystal display device.
2. Description of the Related Art
During a process of assembling a liquid crystal display device, if there are unwanted particles between optical components, such as a liquid crystal panel, an optical film, or a diffuser plate, a production yield rate may be affected. Therefore, a liquid crystal module 92 as shown in FIG. 1 is assembled using an iron frame 921 (called as bezel), a plastic frame 923, and a back cover 928 to tightly combine a liquid crystal panel 922, an optical film 924, a diffuser plate 925, a light source device 926, and a reflective sheet 927 with each other in a dust-free environment at least with a level of Class-10000 (i.e., a number of particles with particle size that is greater than 0.5 μm is less than 10000 per 1 cubic ft.) according to US FED STD 209E to inhibit entry of the particles into the liquid crystal module 92. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the liquid crystal module 92 is assembled with a front frame 91, a circuit board 93, a power source unit 94, a transformer 96, and a rear frame 95 to form a liquid crystal display device 9.
Since the above-mentioned liquid crystal display device 9 includes various components, an assembly process thereof is complex and time-consuming. Particularly, it is required to proceed with the assembly of the liquid crystal module 92 in a dust-free environment having a spacious production space. However, the larger the area encompassed by the dust-free environment, the higher will be the cost of manufacture, operation and maintenance. Therefore, an improvement of the assembly procedure of the liquid crystal display device 9 is being sought by those in the industry.

Liquid crystal display device, and method for assembling the same


The LED replacement for low voltage lamps has a plurality of LED lights disposed in a housing capped by a multifaceted reflector to provide lighting having comparable lighting characteristics to non-LED sourced low voltage lamps. Power conditioning solid state circuitry is disposed in the housing and provides the LED lights with a regulated excitation voltage source. The power conditioning circuitry has at least one ceramic capacitor in parallel with output leads of a power supply for the lamp. A zener diode pair having anodes connected together is disposed in parallel with the ceramic capacitor. The power conditioning circuitry is disposed in advance of a voltage rectifier and filter bank, whose output is provided to a voltage regulator that provides regulated DC voltage to the LED light sources. Output of the voltage regulator is modulated by thermal protection circuitry that throttles the LEDs off responsive to lamp overheating.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to electrical appliances, and more specifically to an LED replacement for low voltage lamps that can function as a replacement for a low voltage lamp, such as an MR16 halogen lamp.
2. Description of the Related Art
"MR" stands for multifaceted reflector, a pressed glass reflector with the inside (reflecting side) surface composed of facets and covered by a reflective coating. The facets provide optical control by gathering the light from the filament to create a concentrated beam of light. The reflectors of some MR lamps have a smooth inside surface instead of facets however they are typically still called MR lamps. The typical MR lamp has a single-ended quartz halogen filament capsular light source that is typically powered by a transformerless, electronic power supply. The electronic power supply should be designed to accommodate typical MR-16 lamp power ratings, which may range from 10 to 100 watts, depending on the lighting application. MR-16 lamps are generally operated using voltages lower than 120 volts, nominally 12 volts. However, it is not uncommon to find an MR-16 lamp having an operational voltage of 6 or 24 volts. A switching power supply is needed to reduce the line voltage from 120 or 240 volts to the appropriate level for these lamps. Most MR-16 low-voltage lamps are equipped with a base having two electrical contact pins. However, other bases, such as the bayonet style or turn and lock style, may be utilized.
Typically low voltage lighting utilizes a step down magnetic transformer that operates on 120 volts AC and produces an output of approximately 12 volts AC at approximately 60 Hz. This frequency allows the LEDs to operate without causing a visible flicker in their output. However, in the event that a transformerless switching power supply is used, problems arise, in that an electronic transformer generally has an oscillator that requires a load in the output before it will switch on and produce current to the output. This load varies with the design of the electronic transformer, but is typically set at 8-10 watts. If the transformer does not sense the load to be at this level, the transformer will fail to start. Typically, LED-based replacement light sources present a load to the transformer that is ten percent of the transformer rating, which is below the transformer "ON" set point. Moreover, the output frequency that the switching power supply oscillator is set to may be many times higher than the standard 60 Hz line frequency that a magnetic transformer provides. The frequency is high enough that it produces harmonics in the drive circuitry of the LED light source. Since LEDs have an 8-10 nanosecond rise time, these harmonics are of sufficient amplitude to effectively turn the LEDs on and off at a frequency that is a subharmonic of the oscillator frequency, thereby causing the LED source to flicker at a rate that becomes obvious to a person viewing the light.
Attempts have been made to replace the halogen light source of MR-16 and other low voltage lamps with an LED (light emitting diode) light source. The aforementioned common problem encountered when an LED light source is utilized is that the LED's do not draw enough current to activate the switching power supply. Also switching power supplies may from time to time output transient spikes of voltage that may damage the delicate LED sources in an LED replacement lamp.
Thus, an LED replacement for low voltage lamps solving the aforementioned problems is desired.


A method of generating a magnetic resonance (MR) image includes applying a localized magnetic field to a portion of a patient, determining a difference between a local field strength around a first region of interest and a local field strength around a different second region of interest, adjusting the local field strength around the first region of interest such that the local field strength around the first region of interest is substantially the same as the local field strength around the second region of interest, and generating an image of the first and second regions after adjusting the local field strength around the first second region of interest. A coil apparatus and a system are also described herein.

The subject matter disclosed herein relates generally to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for imaging a patient using local shim coils.
MRI or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) imaging generally provides for the spatial discrimination of resonant interactions between Radio Frequency (RF) waves and nuclei in a magnetic field. Specifically, MRI utilizes hydrogen nuclear spins of the water molecules in the human body, which are polarized by a strong, uniform, static magnetic field of a magnet. This magnetic field is commonly referred to as B0 or the main magnetic field. When a substance, such as human tissue, is subjected to the main magnetic field, the individual magnetic moments of the spins in the tissue attempt to align with the main magnetic field. When excited by an RF wave, the spins precess about the main magnetic field at a characteristic Larmor frequency. A signal is emitted by the excited spins and processed to form an image.
However, in operation, variations may occur in the strength of the main magnetic field. Such variations in the main magnetic field may affect the acquired images. For example, when a conventional MRI system generates a main magnetic field of, for example, 3 Tesla, the variation of the main magnetic field due to the magnetic susceptibility of human body may be on the order of approximately 100 Hz. Therefore, when the conventional MRI system is utilized to perform, for example, breast imaging, a 100 Hz variation may adversely affect fat saturation, breast MR spectroscopy, and/or Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) readout. In particular, EPI pixel shift and distortion caused by the main magnetic field variation may reduce spatial resolution and/or decrease the Signal-to-Noise (SNR) of diffusion-weighted imaging.

Method and apparatus for imaging a patient using local shim coils


The invention provides an improved process for the isolation and purification of antibiotics designated LL-E19020 alpha and beta which are derived from the microorganism Streptomyces lydicus ssp. tanzanius NRRL 18036.. The invention is a method of recovery, concentration from crude solutions and to processes for the purification of anitbiotics designated LL-E19020 alpha and beta which are derived from the microorganism Streptomyces lydicus ssp. tanzanius NRRL 18036.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a new process for the recovery and purification of the antibiotics LL-E19020 alpha and LL-E19020 beta from crude solutions and to processes for their purification.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Antibiotics LL-E19020 alpha and LL-E19020 beta are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,705,688, The Journal Of Antibiotics, 41(10), 1511-1514 (1988) and The Journal Of Antibiotics, 42(10), 1489-1493 (1989). Antibiotic LL-E19020 alpha has a phenylacetate ester group attached at C-23 and has the structure: ##STR1##
Antibiotic LL-E19020 beta ha a phenylacetate ester group attached at C-24 and has the structure: ##STR2##
A process for purification of the antibiotic LL-E19020 alpha by reversed phase HPLC purification is described in Journal Of Chromatography, 484, 381-390-(1989). Antibiotics LL-E19020 alpha and LL-E19020 beta are also useful for increasing the growth rate of meat producing animals and for treating respiratory disease, fowl cholera and necrotic enteritis as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,704,276 and 4,968,493.
A related family of compounds, the phenelfamycins, is reported in The Journal Of Antibiotics, 41(10), 1293-1299 (1988); The Journal Of Antibiotics, 41(10), 1300-1315 (1988): The Journal Of Antibiotics, 39(10), 1361-1367 (1986); The Journal Of Antibiotics, 42(1), 94-101 (1989); Antimicrobiol Agents and Chemotherapy, 33(3), 322-325 (1989); Program and Abstracts Of The 27th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy, No. 995, p 270, New York, Oct. 4-7, 1987.
Although the process for the isolation and purification of LL-E19020 alpha and LL-E19020 beta as described in the aforementioned references works well for small scale fermentations the new process, as described in this application, works much better for large scale fermentations by having fewer manipulative steps and affords product with higher purity.

Recovery process for antibiotics LL-E19020 alpha and beta