The object of the present invention is to provide a document processing apparatus capable of extracting written-in notes on a paper document and printing a document only of written-in notes or a document with a part of written-in notes by a writer left behind, and setting a limit on printing on each written-in note. The above object is achieved by apparatus for processing a document by providing a paper document to print with information for identifying an electronic document as the origin of printing, comprising: written-in notes extracting means for extracting a difference (written-in notes) between the paper document and an electronic document and storing written-notes as image information; text conversion means for converting extracted written-in notes into text as character information, and storing the text; and means for generating a print document by laying out image information of written-in notes and written-in information in text form.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a document processing apparatus, and more specifically to a document processing apparatus which has a print document carry information to identify an electronic document when printing out an electronic document stored in the document managing system, and makes it possible to print only information the user requires out of all information written on the paper document.
2. Description of the Related Art
At present, generally, a large number of documents are made electronically and printed on paper when they are used. Printed paper documents are used as distribution documents, and additional notes are often written directly with a pen or the like. If the user wants to have new information written on a paper document reflected in an electronic document in his management of documents, it is necessary to type the written-in information on the keyboard or the like, which is very troublesome.
To save the trouble, JP-A-2002-352217 discloses a document managing device adapted such that when printing a stored electronic document, by having a paper document carry information to identify that electronic document and by having the electronic document to be identified from the paper document, information written in on the paper document is automatically reflected in the electronic document.

Document processing apparatus and method


Concepts for forming an electrical connection between devices are disclosed. A cord for transferring electrical power and signals can be provided to connect a first device to a second device. One or more magnetic couplings can be provided to exert magnetic forces between the cord and the first device and/or between the cord and the second device. The one or more magnetic couplings can allow transfer of electrical power and signals therethrough.

Forming an electrical connection between devices can be useful in many situations. For example, computing systems such as personal computers, hand-held or laptop devices, multi-processor systems, set top boxes, network PCs, mini computers, and the like typically receive input from a user via a device such as a keyboard and/or a mouse. These types of input devices can be attached to a processing unit of the computing systems by a wired connection. Signals generated by operations such as pressing an actuable switch on a mouse are provided via the wired connection so that the computing device can process the inputs provided by a user.
In another situation, an input device includes data stored in memory that is transferred to a computing system. These devices can include watches, mobile devices, personal digital assistants, cellular telephones and cameras. The data can be transferred via a wired connection to the computing system such that the data can be stored and/or manipulated by the computing system. If desired, the computing system can transmit electrical signals to these devices for purposes of synchronization.
Furthermore, input devices may include a rechargeable power store for powering the input devices. The internal power store located within the devices has a finite amount of energy stored therein. When the devices are unconnected to any type of external device under normal operation, normal usage of the devices will dissipate the energy stored within the power supply. Eventually, it may be necessary to replenish or recharge the power store in order for a user to continue to use the devices.
The discussion above is merely provided for general background information and is not intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.


Provided are a personal safety device and an operating method of the same according to embodiments. The personal safety device includes a communication interface; a memory storing at least one instruction; and a processor configured to execute the at least one instruction to obtain at least one of a user's personal environment information or surrounding environment information, identify an action to be performed for the user, based on the obtained at least one of the personal environment information or the surrounding environment information, identify a device to perform the identified action, based on the obtained at least one of personal environment information or surrounding environment information, and perform the determined action by using the identified device.

With the advancement of technology, personalized experiences and solutions can be brought by technology to a next level to adjust the solutions to fit the context of a situation and personal habits and to respond to people's moods and emotions. Latest mobile electronic devices, such as smart phones and smart watches, can provide a simple and intelligent personal safety system to enhance the safety of humans and the sense of safety in dynamic environments.

Personal safety device and operating method therefor


Sintered ceramics having such high radiation shielding capability and so easy to machine that they can be used as a radiation shield for radiation detectors are disclosed. The ceramics show a radiation shielding capability more than 90% and preferably have high light reflecting performance. They may comprises rare-earth oxides such as gadolinium oxide, oxide of at least one of vanadium, tantalum and niobium and alkali-earth oxide which is used for a sintering agent. They can be used as a radiation shield in place of a molybdenum or tungsten radiation shielding plate and also as a light reflecting film instead of titanium dioxide film in a radiation detector for radiation CT equipment.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a ceramic radiation shield and radiation detector using the same, and more particularly to a radiation detector used for computer-assisted tomography (CT) equipment relying on X rays, y rays or rays from other radiation sources, a ceramic radiation shield suitable for use in the same, and a method for making such a ceramic radiation shield.
2. Description of the Related Art
In radiographic CT equipment, arrays of radiation detectors are disposed at positions symmetrical to radiation sources (X-ray tubes, for example) with respect to a subject being examined, and the internal structure of the subject is observed by measuring the intensity of the radiation transmitted through the subject. Arrays of radiation detectors, which are equivalent to picture elements, should be manufactured into as small a size as possible, and arranged as densely as possible to improve resolution.
The radiation detector usually has a laminated construction of radiation scintillators and semiconductor photo-detector devices so that the scintillators which are open to the radiation-source side receive X-ray and other radiation beams. The scintillator, made of CdWO4, Bi4Ge3O12, Gd2O2S: Pr(Ce, F), emits visible light when exposed to incident radiation. The visible light enters on the semiconductor photo-detector element provided on the rear surface of the scintillator to convert it into electrical signals. If the radiation incident on the scintillator passes through the scintillator and enters again into adjacent scintillators, a phenomenon called crosstalk occurs, leading to lowered resolution. To cope with this, radiation shields made of Mo, W, Pb or other metallic sheets are provided between the scintillators to prevent radiation from transmitting through them.
Visible light, which is generated by the scintillators in the direction of the total solid angle, must be led to the semiconductor photo-detector elements provided on the rear surface of the scintillators. Consequently, the scintillator has a construction that its periphery, except the surfaces opposing the semiconductor photo-detector elements, is covered with a substance having good light reflectivity. The surfaces at which the scintillators adjoin each other are so large that white paint is filled in between the adjoining scintillator surfaces, or shields coated with white paint are interposed between the scintillators. As the white paint, a mixture of titanium oxide and a resin, such as epoxy, is often used.
For this reason, the radiation detector often has a construction that a radiation shield made of Mo, etc. which is bonded with a light reflecting sheet (or film), e. g. a resin titanium oxide on its both sides is interposed between the scintillators.
To make a radiation shield from Mo, W, Pb, etc., it is necessary to machine Mo, W, Pb or other metallic sheet into a thickness of 50 to 100 xcexcm. These metallic materials are extremely hard to machine into a desired thickness because they are softer in some cases, or harder in other cases, than iron, aluminum and others. This may often cause deviations in the dimensions of intervals between the scintillators.
In another manufacturing method, radiation shielding sheets made of Mo, W or Pb and scintillator sheets are laminated alternately, and the radiation receiving surface and the light emitting surface are lapped. During this lapping operation, the radiation shields tend to be left unpolished, protruding from the scintillators because the scintillators are easily polished away, while the radiation shields are hard to be polished away. Thus, when the laminate is mounted on a semiconductor photo-detector element, the protruded Mo, W or Pb could impair the photo-detector element surface.
When the light-reflecting sheet (or film) made of titanium oxide and a resin is used, other problems are likely to occur. In the manufacture of the light-reflecting sheet, the sheet is heated to about 80xc2x0 C. This heat has discolored the resin, such as epoxy, lowering the reflectivity of the reflecting sheet. Furthermore, the polishing solution or abrasive grains used in the manufacture has caused scratches on the surface, or contaminated the surface, leading to a local reduction in the reflectivity of the reflecting sheet.
Furthermore, uneven thickness or warpage has occurred during the manufacture of the light reflecting sheet, leading to changes in reflectance, or uneven output produced by the element coefficient.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a radiation shield made of sintered ceramics that has high radiation shielding capability, is easy to machine, and can be used as a radiation shield in place of Mo, W and Pb.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a radiation shield made of sintered ceramics having light reflecting performance.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a radiation detector incorporating radiation shields made of sintered ceramics.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a manufacturing method of a radiation shield made of sintered ceramics.
Cross-sectional front views of a radiation detector according to the present invention are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In this radiation detector, a multitude of scintillators 2 are arranged adjacent to each other on a semiconductor photo-detector element 1, and radiation shields 3 are provided between the scintillators 2. In the present invention, the radiation shield 3 is made of a sintered ceramic material having radiation shielding capability. The radiation shielding rate of the sintered ceramics should be not lower than 90%, or more preferably not lower than 95%. In the radiation detector shown in FIG. 1, light reflecting films 4 are provided between the radiation shields 3 and the scintillators 2. As the light reflecting film 4, a previously known mixture of titanium oxide and epoxy resin may be used. The radiation shield 3 and the light-reflecting film 4 are collectively called as a separator. In the present invention, a mixture of 0 to 50 mol %, or more desirably 3 to 33 mol %, in total of at least one rare-earth oxide selected from the group of Gd, La, Ga, Y, Ce, Nd, Pr, Sm, Dy and Yb oxides, and 0 to 33 mol %, or more desirably 0 to 28 mol %, in total of at least one alkali-earth oxide selected from the group of Ca, Ba, Mg and Sr oxides, and the balance being at least one of oxides of V, Ta and Nb compose as the sintered ceramics for use as the radiation shield 3.
In the radiation detector shown in FIG. 2, the radiation shield 3 is made of a white sintered ceramics. Having not only radiation shielding capability but also high light reflecting capability, this sintered ceramic material has a radiation shielding rate of not less than 90%, or more desirably not less than 95%, and a light reflecting capability of not less than 70%, or more desirably not less than 90%. In this case, no separate light reflecting film is needed since the sintered ceramic material itself has light reflecting capability. In this case, therefore, only the radiation shield 3 is called the separator.
A mixture of 3 to 33 mol %, or more desirably 5 to 33 mol %, in total of at least one rare-earth oxide selected from the group of Gd, La, Ga and Y oxides, and 0 to 33%, or more desirably 0 to 28 mol %, in total of at least one alkali-earth oxide selected from the group of Ca, Ba, Mg and Sr oxides, and the balance being at least one of Ta and Nb, compose the white sintered ceramics according to the present invention.
If at least one of Ce, Nd, Pr, Sm and Yb oxides, or V oxides is used, the mixture does not result in a white ceramic material, but in a colored one. Thus, the resulting material has an effect of radiation shielding, but does not have a light reflecting effect due to reduced light reflectance.
In the present invention where the scintillators and the separators are bonded adjacent to each other, when a sintered ceramic material is used as the separator, the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between them should preferably be not more than 2xc3x9710xe2x88x926xc2x0 C., or more desirably not more than 1xc3x9710xe2x88x926/xc2x0 C.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the manufacturing process of sintered ceramics, which is obtained by weighing and wet blending rare-earth, alkali-earth oxides and V, Nb and Ta oxides so as to achieve the aforementioned composition. The mixture is then calcined to approx. 1000xc2x0 C. in air for an hour. The calcined mixture is ground to a grain size of about 0.8xcx9c1.0 xcexcm, and a binder (PVA) is added to the ground mixture for granulation. The granulated grains are formed into a green body in a press, sintered in the air at a temperature of 1600 to 1800xc2x0 C., and subjected to HIP (hot isostatic pressing) at 1400 to 1800xc2x0 C., or more preferably at 1500xc2x0 C. and 1000 atmospheric pressure, to increase the density of the sintered body. After that, the body is annealed in a 1000 to 1300xc2x0 C. air or oxygen as a measure to adjust the amount of oxygen. In place of sintering and HIP treatments, the mixture can be hot-pressed at 1400 to 1800xc2x0 C.

Ceramic radiation shield and radiation detector using same


The present disclosure provides a thin-film transistor and a method for manufacturing the same, an array substrate, and a display device. The thin film transistor of the present disclosure include a plurality of insulating layers, among which at least one insulating layer on the low temperature polysilicon layer comprises organic material, so vias could be formed in the organic material by an exposing and developing process, thereby effectively avoiding the over-etching problem of the low temperature polycrystalline silicon layer caused by dry etching process. By adopting the method for manufacturing the film transistors of the present disclosure, the contact area and uniformity of the drain electrode and the low temperature polysilicon material layer can be increased; the conductivity can be improved; and the production cycle of products can be greatly reduced and thereby improving the equipment capacity.

Technology of low temperature poly silicon (LTPS) is used to form polysilicon (p-Si) from amorphous Silicon (a-Si) films by "low temperature" crystallization process. In the transformation process from a-Si to p-Si, only a-Si in a thickness of about 50 angstrom from a surface is transformed into p-Si and thus the thickness of the formed p-Si is very thin, so that the over-etching phenomena (i.e. p-Si being etched away or too thin) frequently appears in the subsequent dry etching process, thereby resulting in a smaller contact area or uneven contact between SD and p-Si.

Thin-film transistor and method for manufacturing the same, array substrates, display devices

ORDOS YUANGSHENG OPTOELECTRONICS CO., LTD.


A web support foil positioned adjacent to a Yankee dryer above a creping doctor. The foil supports the web as it leaves the dryer. Mounted to the top of the foil is an adjustable air deflector which is positioned tangent to the Yankee dryer. The air deflector blocks air moving along the web. A slotted opening draws air from a leading-edge pocket collecting fibers which are broken loose during the creping action. The web is held against the bottom side of the foil by one or more air jets which are directed over the bottom surface on the foil. The jets of air function as coanda air jets and prevent the web from sticking to the bottom surface of the foil while creating a Bernoulli effect which holds the web against the bottom of the foil.

Lightweight grades of paper which have a soft absorbing texture are formed by drying the paper web on a single large drying cylinder referred to as a Yankee dryer. The lightweight paper web, after being formed in the forming section of a papermaking machine and pressed in a press section, is dried on the surface of the Yankee dryer. The paper web is pressed on the Yankee dryer by a press roll. The Yankee dryer is heated by steam which is supplied to the interior of the Yankee dryer. An aircap placed over the top of the Yankee dryer blows high velocity heated air down onto the dryer surface to increase the drying rate of the Yankee dryer.
The paper dried on the Yankee dryer is given its characteristic absorbency by a creping action which takes place at the doctor blade which scrapes off paper from the surface of the Yankee dryer. The scraping action of the doctor blade compresses the paper about 3 to 75 percent. Lightweight grades of tissue which are produced on the Yankee dryer are fabricated at relatively high-speed. The highest speed Yankee dryers currently operate at about 6,700 feet per minute before the paper is compressed in the creping process.
The high speed at which tissue types of paper are manufactured combined with the creping action which removes the paper from the surface of the Yankee dryer produces large quantities of paper fiber dust. The dust is a fire hazard, increases maintenance costs and can contaminate the product. The dust also creates health concerns. The low strength of the tissue as it is removed from the Yankee dryer by the doctor blade and an unstable web run can create problems and lead to frequent breaks of the paper web. Increasing web tension to avoid paper breaks by increasing tension produced by the reel can result in the web being stretched which reduces its absorbency.
In existing tissue making machines the necessity of frequently cleaning and removing broke from the vicinity of the doctor blade has prevented the placement of any support sufficiently close to the doctor blade to prevent occasional paper breaks.
Skinning doctor blades positioned in front of the creping doctor have been used to deflect air from the aircap and from the air naturally moving with the paper web away from the web before it is scraped from the Yankee dryer roll, yet the effectiveness of such skinning doctor blades is limited.
What is needed is a tissue web support device which can decrease paper breaks and the amount of dust generated as a tissue web is scraped off the surface of the Yankee dryer.


A center clamp used with a machining tool having an annular edge has a C-shaped body having an inner end inside the edge and an outer end outside the edge and spaced from it along a clamp axis. A push rod extends along the axis through the outer body end. A rotary joint centered on the axis has an inner part on the inner body end and an outer part rotatable on the inner part about the axis. An axial actuator relatively axially shifts the body and the push rod and thereby clamps a workpiece between an end face of the rod and the outer part of the joint. An angular actuator pivots the push rod about the axis and thereby, when the workpiece is clamped between the rod and the joint, pivots the workpiece about the axis.

A standard center clamp 1′ as shown in FIG. 3 holds a workpiece 6 to be machined between two rods 4′ and 11′ so that the center clamp 1′ is an expensive and fairly tall device. Both the torque for angularly orienting the gripped workpiece 6 as well as the clamping force are the responsibility of respective drives at the outer end of the center clamp, that is outside a cup wheel 14′, while the gripping force passes parallel to an axis 4A′ through a force-transmitting element 2′ to the inner end and is there applied by a rocker arrangement to avoid deformations of the center clamp 1′ from the gripping force being exerted.
The disadvantage with this system is that such known center clamps are only limitedly pivotal as a result of their large size. Furthermore, they cannot normally be swung down into a standard cup wheel since the available space is relatively limited and the center clamp must not touch the edge of the cup wheel.
Hence when all the edges of the workpiece must be machined it is necessary that such center clamps be made axially relatively long in order that the necessary machining can take place on the far side of the grinding wheel, since there the required pivoting is possible without the possibility of contact. As a result of the long travel, machining with such a clamp is relatively slow and the long axial reach reduces the stiffness of the machining system, leading to sloppier machining results.


A system for detecting a voice signal includes: a first integrator for receiving an input signal and for providing a first integrator output signal, wherein the first integrator includes a first attack time; a second integrator for receiving the input signal and for providing a second integrator output signal, the second integrator including a second attack time that is substantially slower than the first attack time; and a comparator configured for receiving the first and second integrator output signals and for providing a comparator output signal indicating detection of a voice signal when the first integrator output signal exceeds the second integrator output signal by at least a threshold amount.

Voice-detection devices such as voice-activated (VOX) switches are known means to activate and deactivate microphones. However, it is difficult to set a threshold to activate such switches only when a human voice is received. This difficulty arises because of the similarities between human speech and other sounds received by the microphone. In some environments, such as an aircraft cockpit it is important to activate a microphone only in response to a human voice and to deactivate only in the absence of a human voice. However, in many noisy environments it is difficult to distinguish between voice and background noise. Therefore, there is a need for an adaptive voice activated switch (AVOX) that overcomes the aforementioned shortcomings.

Adaptive voice detection method and system


Techniques for automating/streamlining the process of responding to a security/privacy RFI/RFP as well as monitoring the security/privacy/IT compliance of an organization are disclosed. For this purpose, a variety of data sources, internal and external to the organization, are employed. A set of machine learning algorithms are also used that find the most appropriate item in the database of data sources that match any given question/item of the RFP. Based on this matching, the RFP question is answered in an automated or a semi-automated manner. The compliance of the organization against a given policy or set of controls is monitored and any observed security/privacy gaps/risk are identified. Recommendations on overcoming the gaps are further provided to the organization.

Security and privacy are of paramount concerns to most businesses in today's sensitive environment. There is an ever-increasing need for efficiently monitoring the compliance of an organization against one or more security/privacy policies, frameworks, standards or regulations or against a set of security/privacy controls required in an RFI/RFP. Relatedly, most artisans are aware of the painstaking process, usually involving fire drills and war room efforts, for answering such a security/privacy RFP or the security/privacy questions of an RFP in a timely fashion.
There is no solution in the prior art that addresses the concern of automatically or semi-automatically answering a security/privacy RFI/RFP, which remains a laborious and logistically hard, but yet repetitive process. Furthermore, no solution exists that would combine such an auto-answering capability of an RFP with the related aspect of monitoring the security/privacy compliance of an organization against a set of security/privacy controls.
Yet there is plenty of prior art in this field. US Patent Publication No. 2012/0041769 A1 to Dalal discloses an RFP management system for improving the process of matching researchers with relevant research projects described in RFPs. The system creates a researcher profile based on a scan of the researcher's reports and past proposals and scans web-based and other databases for project opportunities that fit the profile. It then produces a subset of RFPs for the researcher to consider. The system further includes search and matching features that enable identification of expertise among researchers based on their profiles to facilitate collaboration, and to suggest research teams. With the best-matched expertise for each RFP, the user interface allows researchers to refine their profiles and give feedback to allow the system to learn and improve performance.
US Patent Publication No. 2016/0371369 A1 to Cormack discloses systems and methods for classifying electronic information and terminating a classification process utilizing Technology-Assisted Review ("TAR") techniques. In certain embodiments, the TAR process, which is an iterative process, is terminated based upon one or more stopping criteria. In certain embodiments, use of the stopping criteria ensures that the TAR process reliably achieves a level of quality (e.g., recall) with a certain probability. In certain embodiments, the TAR process is terminated when it independently identifies a target set of documents. The TAR process is terminated based upon whether the ratio of the slope of the TAR process's gain curve before an inflection point to the slope of the TAR process' gain curve after the inflection point exceeds a threshold. The TAR process is terminated when a review budget and slope ratio of the gain curve each exceed a respective threshold.
US Patent Publication No. 2017/0132203 A1 to Kim describes a document-based requirement identification and extraction system. The process includes parsing a set of documents and identifying relationships among parsed components of the documents. The process further includes applying the parsed components and identified relationships to a meta-model that defines requirements. The requirements include a statement expressing a need and/or responsibility. It also includes identifying candidate requirements and their candidate topics based on the above process. For each of the identified candidate topics, a feature vector is built from the corresponding candidate requirements. The process also includes training the meta-model with the feature vectors, validating the meta-model and classifying output of the validation. This results in identifying a subset of the candidate requirements and corresponding topics expressed in the set of documents.
US Patent Publication No. 2017/0132313 A1 to Kukla discloses a computerized system and methods for the automated extraction of contextually relevant information from generic document sets. This is done by automatic processing of actionable information from the documents. Their techniques appear to avoid inaccuracies and inefficiencies resulting from conventional and/or human-based document processing techniques.
US Patent Publication No. 2014/0365555 A1 to Jwalanna teaches a computer-implemented method of cloud-computing based content management. The process includes receiving a dynamic content block generated by a user of a client application in a computing device. The dynamic content block is stored in a cloud-storage environment. A search query for the dynamic content block by another client application in another client's computing device is received. The dynamic content block is provided to the second client application. An update to the dynamic content block by the first user is received. The update to the dynamic content block is automatically synchronized to the second client application. Optionally, the dynamic content block can be a wit. The dynamic content block can include a reusable portion of user-generated information such as a portion of a sales document or a repeatedly used email content. A drag and drop operation from the second client application to another application can then be detected.
Non-patent literature (NPL) reference of "Qvidian Proposal Automation Advantage" obtained from Connect11 conference website mentions an auto-answer function of RFPs. Similarly, NPL web page entitled "Supercharge responses to RFPs, RFIs, and Security Questionnaires" obtained from Loopio's website mentions streamlining responding to RFPs and RFIs by using their solution.
Yet there is no solution in the prior art that addresses the concern of automatically or semi-automatically answering an RFI/RFP specifically related to security/privacy domains while utilizing artificial intelligence (AI). Furthermore, no solution to date combines such an RFI/RFP auto-answer capability with IT/security/privacy compliance monitoring for an organization.

IT compliance and request for proposal (RFP) management


A current mode multiplier circuit is provided based on the square root voltage-current relationship of an MOS transistor. The circuit includes first, second and third MOS transistors with a common aspect ratio, and first and second current sources that respectively provide first and second input currents that represent first and second factors to be multiplied. The first and second MOS transistors produce first and second voltages as a function of the first and second input currents, and the third MOS transistor produces a third current as a function of the first and second voltages. In response to the third current, the circuit produces a product signal that represents a product of the first and second factors.

Analog multipliers are useful components in various types of analog circuits. As analog circuit technology progresses, various circuit characteristics have become more desirable and/or mandatorily required. Examples of such characteristics include low circuit complexity, small circuit footprint, low supply voltage and high frequency operation.
It is desirable in view of the foregoing to provide analog multipliers that exhibit one or more of the aforementioned exemplary characteristics.

Current mode multiplier based on square root voltage-current relationship of MOS transistor


A dam has a plurality of substantially parallel ribs extending from a base surface. At least one of the ribs is formed of a body of metal having a coating as its exterior surface, which has a low coefficient of friction over which sheets of a media move. The body has a longitudinal slot in its exterior surface. An insert, which has a high coefficient of friction with sheets of a media and is preferably polyurethane, is supported within the body. The insert is preloaded so that a projection extends a predetermined distance through the slot in the body for engagement with each advancing sheet. When the sheet is stiff, the projection is pushed interior of the body so that the low coefficient of friction surface, which has a much larger area for engaging the sheet than the insert, of the body is engaged by the advancing sheet. When the sheet is flexible, the projection of the insert engages the advancing edge of the sheet so that only the high coefficient of friction of the insert is initially engaging the advancing sheet to cause it to buckle or become corrugated so that portions of the sheet engage the low coefficient of friction of the exterior surface of the body to separate the sheet from the next adjacent sheet in the stack.

One problem in feeding a top sheet of media from a stack of sheets of media is that at least the next adjacent sheet may be fed at the same time. Accordingly, various separating means have previously been suggested for separating a top sheet of a stack of sheets of media from the next adjacent sheet when the feed is from the top of the stack of sheets of media.
It is known to separate a top sheet of a stack of sheets from the next adjacent sheet through using a dam, which is an element having an inclined surface in the path of the top sheet as it is fed from the stack of sheets so that its leading edge will strike the inclined surface of the element. In a printer, for example, the advancement of more than one sheet from the stack of sheets can cause jamming. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid simultaneous advancement of more than one sheet from a stack of sheets of media to a processing station such as a printer, for example.
One previously suggested dam has its inclined surface formed with longitudinally extending ribs so that there is corrugation of a sheet of media between the substantially parallel ribs when the sheet is advanced longitudinally along the exterior surface of each of the ribs. This corrugation is due to a buckling force created by resistance to movement of the sheet by the exterior surface of each of the ribs. While this dam is usually successful in separating an uppermost or top sheet from the next adjacent sheet in a stack of sheets, it is not always successful. Thus, multiple feeding of sheets can occur as the sheets advance up the inclined, ribbed surface of the dam.
Additionally, a surface having a coefficient of friction low enough to separate a relatively heavy media such as cardstock, envelopes, and labels, for example, without causing the feed motor to have too heavy a load will result in more multiple sheet feeding of a relatively light weight media with high friction between sheets such as bond or xerographic paper, for example. This presents the problem of whether to have an inclined surface of a dam capable of reliably separating heavy media or light media. This is not desirable with a printer since a printer needs to be capable of printing both heavy and light media to have a sufficient market.


A by-product (e.g., RuF5) that is produced in the process of cleaning may cover a cleaning subject film and may obstruct the progress of the cleaning. To suppress an accumulation of the by-product, a cleaning operation is divided into plural operations, performing vacuum evacuation between the divided operations to evaporate the by-product and expose a new surface of the cleaning subject film between each supply of cleaning gas.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a semiconductor device manufacturing method and a substrate processing apparatus for a semiconductor manufacturing process in which a ruthenium (Ru) film, a ruthenium oxide (RuO2) film, or a lamination film thereof is formed on the surface of a wafer.
2. Description of the Related Art
As for the formation of an Ru film and an RuO2 film which are candidates for capacitor electrodes of next-generation DRAMs, a film formation technique using sputtering has been established and is used widely on a research level. However, since this method is low in step coverage, a thermal CVD method is desired to be used for mass production because of its superior step coverage and research and development for that purpose are now being made enthusiastically. In the thermal CVD method, in general, the film forming material is in the form of a solution obtained by dissolving a liquid or a powder of an organic metal in a solvent; it is vaporized with a vaporizer or by bubbling and supplied onto a substrate. When an Ru film or an RuO2 film is formed on a substrate by a thermal CVD method, Ru films or RuO2 films are also deposited on members such as a substrate holder around the substrate in the processing chamber. As the film formation is performed repeatedly, Ru films or RuO2 films deposited on such members maypeel off to cause particles on a substrate, which is a factor in lowering the yield of device manufacture. Furthermore, if particles occur, it is necessary to stop operation of a manufacturing apparatus and to replace film-deposited members with new ones or perform wet cleaning. This lowers the working rate of the apparatus, that is, the mass-productivity.
One countermeasure against the above problem is to remove deposited films by cleaning the inside of the processing chamber. Example methods for cleaning Ru films or RuO2 films deposited in a processing chamber are a dry cleaning method and a wet cleaning method. One known dry cleaning method is a method using a ClF3 gas (refer to JP-A-2002-180250, for example).
However, conventional methods have a problem that the apparatus downtime due to cleaning is long and hence the productivity is low. Factors in causing a long downtime are a long cleaning time and generation of particles after cleaning.

Manufacturing method of a semiconductor device and substrate processing apparatus


A fiber optics device of this invention includes first and second optical members. The first optical member is obtained by integrating a plurality of optical fibers of the first type by bundling, and has first and second end faces formed obliquely to the optical axis of the optical fibers of the first type and parallel to each other. The second optical member is obtained by integrating a plurality of optical fibers of the second type by bundling, and has first and second end faces formed obliquely to the optical axis of the optical fibers of the second type and parallel to each other. The optical fibers of the second type have a larger numerical aperture than that of the optical fibers of the first type. The first end face of the second optical member is bonded to the second end face of the first optical member.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a fiber optics device used for fingerprint detection and the like.
2. Related Background Art
In a fingerprint detecting apparatus and the like, a fiber optics device is used as a means for converting the three-dimensional surface shape of a detection target into an optical image. As an example which practically uses such a fiber optics device as a fingerprint detecting apparatus, one described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-174947 is known. In the fiber optics device of this reference, the direction of an optical axis of optical fibers constituting the fiber optics device is inclined by an inclination angle .theta. with respect to the incident angle and exit angle, as shown in FIG. 11 of the reference. A CCD is mounted on this exit surface. In this fiber optics device, the incident surface and the exit surface are formed to be inclined with respect to the direction of the optical axis, in order to prevent light from becoming incident on the fiber optics device directly from the external air. Also, the distance between a surface with which a finger as a detection target comes in contact (the incident surface of the fiber optics device) and the CCD is decreased, in order to decrease the size of the fingerprint detecting apparatus.
In the fiber optics device described above, since the light exit surface is also inclined with respect to the direction of the optical axis of the optical fibers, even if a fingerprint image is incident on the fiber optics device through the finger which has come in contact with the light-incident angle, light does not efficiently emerge to the external air from the image exit surface. Even if a CCD is mounted on the exit surface to change the exit characteristics, the quantity of light emerging from the exit surface is very small, and the image of a fingerprint to be detected tends to be dark accordingly.


A sensor with an attenuated drift characteristic, including a layer structure in which a sensing layer has a layer of diffusional barrier material on at least one of its faces. The sensor may for example be constituted as a hydrogen gas sensor including a palladium/yttrium layer structure formed on a micro-hotplate base, with a chromium barrier layer between the yttrium layer and the micro-hotplate, and with a tantalum barrier layer between the yttrium layer and an overlying palladium protective layer. The gas sensor is useful for detection of a target gas in environments susceptible to generation or incursion of such gas, and achieves substantial (e.g., >90%) reduction of signal drift from the gas sensor in extended operation, relative to a corresponding gas sensor lacking the diffusional barrier structure of the invention.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to gas sensors with attenuated drift characteristics, and in a specific aspect to a hydrogen gas sensor including a palladium/yttrium layer structure, such as may be employed in environments susceptible to generation or incursion of hydrogen gas. More generally, the invention relates to a sensor with a sensing layer whose response to a target species is subject to drift in extended use.
2. Description of the Related Art
U.S. Pat. No. 6,006,582 issued Dec. 28, 1999 in the names of Gautam Bhandari, et al. for "Hydrogen Sensor Utilizing Rare Earth Metal Thin Film Detection Element," discloses a hydrogen sensor including a rare earth metal thin film arranged for exposure to the environment and exhibiting a detectable change of physical property, e.g., electrical conductance, electrical resistance, electrical capacitance, magnetoresistance, etc., when the rare earth metal thin film is contacted with hydrogen gas. The sensor is operatively coupled with an output assembly for converting the physical property change to a perceivable output in response to the presence of hydrogen in the monitored gas environment.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,265,222 issued Jul. 24, 2001 in the names of Frank DiMeo, Jr., et al. for "Micro-Machined Thin Film Hydrogen Gas Sensor, and Method of Making and Using the Same," discloses a hydrogen sensor including a thin film sensor element of similar type formed, e.g., by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD) of a hydrogen-interactive metal film on a micro-hotplate structure. The hydrogen-interactive metal film in a preferred embodiment is overcoated with a thin film hydrogen-permeable barrier layer to protect the hydrogen-interactive film from deleterious interaction with non-hydrogen species.
When micro-hotplate hydrogen gas sensors of the foregoing type are utilized with yttrium as the hydrogen-interactive metal film and palladium as the thin film hydrogen-permeable barrier layer to protect the yttrium film from interaction with non-hydrogen species, the performance of the sensor initially is highly effective, but degrades with time.
This progressive degradation is manifested as drift in the output signal derived from the sensor, and is of sufficient magnitude to seriously adversely impact the accuracy and service lifetime of the sensor. Drift rates well in excess of 5% per day have been documented for micro-hotplate hydrogen sensors having a Pd/Y bilayer structure formed on a silicon dioxide insulating layer mounted on aluminum contact pads. Such rates of degradation severely compromise the usefulness of the hydrogen sensor, requiring constant recalibration if the sensor is to used for extended in-service operation, and raising the possibility that significantly increased concentrations of hydrogen may be present in the monitored gas environment before detection occurs, relative to detection capability of the sensor at inception of use.
It would therefore be a significant advance in the art to provide a reliable hydrogen gas sensor structure that avoids the foregoing problems, and is characterized by a very low rate of drift in use.

Gas sensor with attenuated drift characteristic


An archery bowstring weight is provided including a sleeve that is encapsulated and suspended at least partially within an overmolded polymeric body forming an exterior of the bowstring weight. The sleeve can be a metal body, such as a ring, that floats or moves inside the polymeric body when the bowstring vibrates to dampen vibration of the bowstring. The sleeve can be isolated or separated from the bowstring by an inner wall of the polymeric body that is disposed between the bowstring and the sleeve when the weight is installed on the bowstring. The oscillation of the sleeve inside the overmolded polymeric body also can attenuate string oscillation and reduce string noise. A related method is provided.

The present invention relates archery bows, and more particularly to bowstring weights, commonly referred to as speed nocks.
Archery bows, such as compound bows, typically include a bowstring and a set of cables that transfer energy from the limbs and cams of the bow to the bowstring, and thus to an arrow shot from the bow. Frequently, bowstring weights, referred to as speed nocks, are placed along the bowstring to increase the energy imparted to the arrow by the bow. The weight and location of speed nocks usually are unique to the bowstring and the bows mechanical characteristics, among other things. Many times, different types of bowstrings and bows require custom or precisely calibrated placement of the speed nocks along the bowstring to ensure that the speed nocks function properly, increasing the speed of the arrow shot from the bow.
A common speed nock includes one or more split brass clips, typically of an open "C" shape, that are placed over a bowstring and deformed so that the brass nock fully encircles the bowstring. The brass nocks usually are crimped on the bowstring to place and hold them in a specific location. Installation of the brass nocks typically is performed manually, pneumatically, or with specialized equipment produced for installation of multiple nocks on the bowstring at a time. Where manufacturers recommend a significant amount of weight on a bowstring, installation of multiple brass nocks can be difficult. For example, some advanced cam designs call for ten or more of these brass nocks, equating to 75+ grains, on each end of the bowstring. To install this large number of nocks, an installer must carefully and precisely place each brass nock adjacent the next, and ensure their crimping technique does not alter or move previously placed nocks. In some cases, machined brass "stacks" can be used instead of placing individual brass nocks, however, these can be expensive to machine and even more difficult to install without specialized equipment. The cost of both multi-stacked, individual brass nocks, or machined brass stacks also can be high when using so many on each bowstring. In addition, safety of the consumer can sometimes become an issue if one or more brass nocks become dislodged during a potential dry-fire of the bow, or in cases where a nock is not properly installed, during regular shooting of the bow.
Another issue with current brass nocks or machined brass stacks is that while they can increase bow speed, they do nothing functionally to reduce string noise or vibration. Even with brass speed nocks or brass stacks installed on the string, users and shops typically will add rubber silencers or dampeners, such as cat whiskers, monkey tails, wishbones, etc., to reduce string noise and vibration.
Accordingly, there remains room for improvement in the field of bowstring weights to reduce string vibration and noise.

Archery bowstring weights and related method of use


A remotely-operated gun is mounted in a cradle having a linear actuator for charging the gun. A charging adapter that is fixed to the linear actuator enables different types of guns to be charged. The charging adapter is easily configured to accommodate different gun types.

The invention relates in general to remotely-operated weapons and in particular to charging mechanisms for remotely-operated guns.
Remotely-operated weapons may include a turret mounted on a vehicle, or on a fixed or mobile carriage. The turret may include a frame for supporting a firearm. The firearm used in a remotely-operated weapon may be a conventional, human-operated firearm. The firearm may be designed to be cycled manually or automatically, for example, by propellant gas or by gun recoil. The frame on which the weapon is mounted may accept multiple, different weapon configurations. An example of a remotely-operated weapon system is the U.S. military's Common Remotely Operated Weapon Station (CROWS).
For a remotely-operated gun, a linear actuator may provide the input for the charging handle to move the weapon's bolt to the rear, to enable feeding ammunition. After locking the bolt rearward, the charging handle must then be returned forward to prevent weapon damage. The M240 Machine Gun, Mark 48 (Mk 48) Machine gun, and M249 Machine Gun are gas-operated automatic weapons which require charging (moving the charging handle rearward and then forward) to load and clear the weapon. When used on remote weapon stations, the linear actuator typically provides the external input required to actuate these weapons. The linear actuator moves the weapon's bolt assembly to the rear position to cycle and feed the next round on the belt. On the linear actuator return stroke, the charging handle is moved forward to the forward detent position.
While different remotely-operated weapons may use the same mounting cradle (for example, the CROWS Multi Adapter Small Caliber (MASC) cradle), these weapons often require different charging handle adapters because of different charging handle sizes and positions on the different weapons. The various adaptors are easily lost and do not allow for reliable return of the charging handle to the forward position.
A need exists for a simple apparatus and method for interfacing with different weapon charging handle configurations on a single gun cradle.

The United States of America as Represented by the Secretary of the Army


The present invention provides a compound of formula (I):

Organisms have not only immune systems to protect themselves from foreign pathogens and cancer cells arising from their own bodies but also immunoregulatory systems to prevent disorders to themselves caused by hyperimmunization. Recently, it has been revealed that cancer cells induce the immunoregulatory systems in the tumor microenvironment to escape from the immune systems of organisms. One example of the mechanisms include tumor immune escape produced by the effect of PD-1 or PD-L1 referred to as "immune checkpoint molecules" (Non-Patent Document 1).
When cancer cells are repeatedly attacked from killer T-cells which are one of immunocompetent cells, the cancer cells receive interferon-γ (IFN-γ) released from T-cells and express PD-L1 on the cell surface. When the expressed PD-L1 is bound to PD-1 expressed in T-cells, the production amount of interleukin-2 (IL-2) that enhances the proliferation of T-cells is reduced and the apoptosis (cell death) of T-cells is induced, and thus the cancer cells can escape from the attack of T-cells. On the other hand, new types of anti-cancer agents capable of specifically binding to PD-1 or PD-L1 and inhibiting the formation of PD-1/PD-L1 binding between T cells and cancer cells have already been approved, and the agents are referred to as an inhibitor of immune checkpoint.
Methods of treating cancer are mainly surgical, chemical, and radiation therapies, but there have not been any established treatment methods which can bring in some sufficient effect yet, thus it is desired to establish novel treatment methods. PD-1 and PD-L1 have been a new target for treating cancer as molecules which inhibitively act on immunity ("immune checkpoint molecules").
In addition, it has been reported that in the infection caused by pathogens, for example, bacteria such as tuberculosis and virus such as hepatitis B virus, papillomavirus, killer T cells highly express PD-1 in the late stage of infections and antigen presenting cells (macrophages and dendritic cells) express PD-L1, and thus PD-1/PD-L1 binding is formed and the formed PD-1/PD-L1 binding causes the reduced immune function, resulting in infection (Non-Patent Documents 2-8).
Hence, it is thought that targeting PD-1 and/or PD-L1 leads to the treatment of a disease associated with the reduced immune function caused by the formation of PD-1/PD-L1 binding, for example, cancer and infection.
Anti-PD-1 antibody (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) and anti-PD-L1 antibody (atezolizumab, durvalumab) have already been developed as an inhibitor of immune checkpoint which targets PD-1 or PD-L1 so far. However, these agents are antibody drugs, and thus cannot be administered orally and are expensive in terms of cost, unlike small molecule drugs. As a result, the development of an inhibitor of immune checkpoint for small molecule compounds targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 that can be administered orally and formulated at low cost is expected (Non-Patent Document 9). However, no small molecule compound useful as an inhibitor of immune checkpoint targeting them has been known yet.

Compound having PD-L1 expression-suppressing action

Abstract: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1, R2, m and n are as defined in the specification, with an inhibitory effect of PD-L1 expression and an inhibitory effect of reduced production of IL-2 and a medicament useful for the treatment of a disease associated with the reduced immune function caused by the formation of PD-1/PD-L1 binding.


Techniques for missile countermeasures are disclosed. The techniques can be employed to rapidly detect a missile system location and aim a countermeasure set at the missile system goniometer, and capture the goniometer with a high radiant intensity countermeasure beam before the goniometer narrows its field of view (FOV). Capturing the goniometer before a narrowing of its FOV allows for wider area protection. The techniques can be embodied in an area-protection hit-avoidance system for a rapid Semi-Active Command to Line of Sight Anti-Tank Guided Missile (SACLOS ATGM) countermeasure wherein a SACLOS ATGM launch is rapidly detected and a countermeasure is aimed at the launch site so that the missile is diverted before the ATGM system FOV is narrowed. This early diversion or decoying of the missile guidance set allows the countermeasure to protect a greater area and to engage multiple threats in less time than traditional countermeasures.

A common weapon used against armored targets is the Semi-Active Command to Line of Sight Anti-Tank Guided Missile (SACLOS ATGM). These missile systems guide a missile to follow the line of sight (LOS) between a guidance set of the missile system and the target. The missile system operator establishes the LOS via a direct view optical sight or imaging sight, and the guidance set estimates the offset of the missile from the LOS by measuring the angle between the LOS to the target and the LOS to the missile. Because it makes an angle measurement, the guidance set is also called a goniometer. To find the LOS to the missile, the guidance set relies on detecting and tracking a beacon located at the missile. The guidance set generates commands to the missile to keep it heading toward the goniometer's aimpoint. The commands and related information are passed to the missile via a trailing wire, by radio frequency transmission, or other means. Typically the field of view (FOV) of the goniometer is wide at missile launch, just long enough to detect and "capture" the missile beacon. The radiant intensity of the missile beacon must be large enough for the goniometer to detect it in the presence of background clutter and other noise sources. Detection may be aided by limiting the spectral band-pass of the goniometer to optimize contrast with background noise. Commonly used spectral bands may be in the near infrared region and are determined by detector materials used. After the missile beacon is captured, the FOV of the goniometer rapidly changes to a narrow FOV to bring the missile to the LOS and, ultimately, the target. Typically, this narrowing of the FOV is completed within a few seconds of launch. Such missiles can effectively disable or destroy targets, such as armored vehicles.

Aimpoint offset countermeasures for area protection

BAE Systems Information and Electronic Systems Integration Inc.


Systems, software, and methods are provided for placing product within streaming and other content. Further functionality may include including product information and purchasing options for the product within the streaming and other content. Furthermore, a link to a website may be provided where the product or item may be purchased, or more information is provided.

Many different individuals watch streaming and other content, including movies and television shows. These individuals may see products and other items that they want to purchase or want more information about.
It may be difficult to identify the products and other items from within the movie or television show. It may be even further difficult to find the product or item, once it has been identified.
Manufacturers and others may want to place products within streaming and other content to advertise their products and other items. Manufacturers may want to drive consumers to their website, and/or have an increased number of consumers buy their products.

Product placement, purchase and information from within streaming or other content


A method executed at a M2M server, capable of interacting with a remotely located M2M client, is suggested. The method comprise: acquiring resources and/or parameters for provisioning a policy applicable for the M2M client; initiating formulation of the policy by arranging policy dependent mutually associated objects based on said resources and/or parameters, such that a M2M client on which the policy has been provisioned is capable of making decisions on the basis of said policy without having to communicate with any external device, and, initiating provisioning of the policy by provisioning said objects on the M2M client.

The term Internet of Things (IoT) has come to describe a concept, covering a number of technologies and research disciplines that enable the Internet to reach out into the real world of a wide variety of physical objects, foreshadowing an exciting future that closely interlinks the physical world and cyberspace—a development that is not only relevant to researchers, but to corporations and individuals alike. This development is now moving, not only into the traditional operator space, but also to other areas, such as e.g. home automation, transportation and healthcare. This concept includes widespread use of fixed, as well as mobile Machine to machine (M2M) devices, which may also be referred to as M2M clients. This type of devices or clients are deployed to collect data and provide the collected data to the network to which the devices are connected for further processing over any type of suitable short or long range technology.
Considering the foreseen use of 26 Billion M2M devices by 2020, the traffic or payload generated by M2M devices, which can typically be described as involving a numerous number of small size messages, gives rise to a demand for networks which can be optimized for efficient use of its resources. In this respect it is important that the amount of signalling between the M2M devices and the server is kept at a minimum.
A large amount of M2M devices are expected to be severely constrained, in terms of one or more of memory capacity, CPU and power capacity, e.g. since implemented with minimum space available and/or running on low power batteries. These types of M2M devices are commonly referred to as constrained M2M devices.
The Lightweight M2M (LWM2M) is a new standard which has been developed by the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA), which focuses on constrained fixed and cellular M2M devices. This standard defines an efficient device-server interface which is based on the open Internet Engineering Task Force (IEFT) standards Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) and Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS). The LWM2M enabler that captures a set of interfaces and an efficient payload, based on a simple flat client server architecture, includes device management and service enablement for LWM2M devices, and makes use of a light and compact protocol, as well as an efficient resource data model.
With the increase in the number of used M2M devices, and especially constrained M2M devices, networks will be impacted with a lot of traffic generated out of message exchange between M2M devices and their servers, and especially for the constrained M2M devices this is an issue that need to be addressed. Even though each payload originating from a M2M device may be small, a growing number of accumulated messages can cause unwanted delays and congestions to the networks.
Also when looking from the server's point of view, a server handling multiple M2M devices will typically be heavily occupied with processing messages received on applicable interfaces, which is an undesirable situation from an efficiency point of view.

Method a server and a client for policy based control of M2M devices


An igniting device has a valve mechanism (8) which controls fuel supply from a gas reservoir, a gas injection nozzle (26) provided on a tip of a rod-like portion projecting from the valve mechanism(8) and a discharge electrode (32) which is disposed in the vicinity of the gas injection nozzle (26) and produces discharge spark to ignite the fuel gas discharged from the nozzle. A nozzle cover (30) made of non-conductive material is provided around the gas injection nozzle (26). The nozzle cover (30) is provided with a front end face (31a) disposed in front of the nozzle at a distance therefrom. The front end face (31a) is cut away at a portion opposed to the gas injection nozzle (26) and a portion opposed to the discharge electrode (32) to form an opening.

In an igniting device such as an igniting rod or a table gas lighter, a flame is injected through a gas injection nozzle held on an end of a rod-like member which projects from a valve mechanism for controlling gas supply from a gas reservoir. Conventionally, the gas injection nozzle is surrounded by a metal cover having air inlet ports.
However such a structure is disadvantageous in that, since the gas injection nozzle is communicated with the outside through the air inlet ports which open downward and sideward, wind, oil, fire work or the like can enter through the air inlet ports to blow off flame and dielectric matter can adhere to the nozzle to weaken discharge spark.
Though there has been known a cap which is mounted on the tip of the gas injection nozzle to overcome the problem, mounting and demounting of cap is troublesome and there is a fear of losing the cap.
In order to mix the fuel gas discharged from the nozzle with air to improve combustibility, air must be introduced into the space around the nozzle and accordingly, the air inlet ports formed in the cover cannot be simply closed to overcome the problem described above.
In view of the foregoing observations and description, the primary object of the present invention is to provide an igniting device in which the gas injection nozzle can be protected from wind or foreign material and good combustibility of the fuel gas discharged from the nozzle can be long ensured.


A resource scheduling method and apparatus, data transmission method and apparatus and communication system. The resource scheduling apparatus includes: a first receiving unit configured to, on a first BWP, receive downlink control information carried by a first control resource set; and a determining unit configured to, when a size of the downlink control information is determined by a second BWP, determine that a first starting position that is frequency domain scheduled on the first BWP is a second starting position of a frequency domain range of the first control resource set. Hence, more terminal equipments may be made to receive and share common messages and system resource overhead may be saved. And furthermore, it may be used to receive the dedicated message from the terminal equipment, so as to ensure robustness when the BWP is switched, thereby solving an existing problem.

In the long term evolution (LIE) system Release 15, the maximum channel bandwidth may reach 400 MHz (i.e., a wide carrier). If a user equipment with a broadband capability has always been operating on the above wide carrier, the power consumption may be large. Hence, a bandwidth part (BWP) is introduced in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), with a motivation being to optimize power consumption of a terminal equipment.
It should be noted that the above description of the background is merely provided for clear and complete explanation of this disclosure and for easy understanding by those skilled in the art. And it should not be understood that the above technical solution is known to those skilled in the art as it is described in the background of this disclosure.

Resource scheduling method and apparatus, data transmission method and apparatus and communication system


A method for feeding plastic tablets to an installation for encasing articles such as ICs. The tablets (9) are fed horizontally in a direction perpendicular thereto when the divisible mold (2, 3) is open or closed. Feeding of the tablets takes place in a distribution channel (8). In this way, the amount of plastic can be metered more accurately and the diversity in pellet weights and dimensions can be dramatically reduced. A plunger (6) is lowered sufficiently to apply pressure against the tablets in the distribution channel (8), thereby distributing the plastic into the mold cavities (10).

A method of this type is disclosed in the `Patent Abstracts of Japan`, vol. 13, no. 44 (E-710), 31 Jan. 1989. In this publication the use of an elongated plunger which has to be moved in a corresponding distribution cavity is described. An elongated tablet is placed in this distribution cavity. The plastic tablet is of a particular size and it is therefore also necessary to produce this tablet as a special product. The production of such elongated tablets is relatively complex and differs from the production of standard tablets. In this context reference is made to European Patent Application 0 370 564. The tablet is fed from above, i.e. in a direction parallel to the direction of movement of the plunger, in a manner which is not indicated in more detail. With this procedure, the problem arises that it is necessary to accurately determine the amount of plastic for each injection. After all, the amount of plastic must be metered depending on the size of the injected casing.
If a large number of different sizes of casing are used in a factory, this implies that a large diversity of tablets is required.
In order to solve this problem, the largest possible casing is often taken as the starting point. This means that if smaller casings are used a large amount of waste is produced. Frequently, the amount of waste will be greater than the amount of material used for the casing. Because these materials are frequently thermosetting plastics, there is no simple way of re-using them. If the tablets are to be fed through an opening in the plunger sleeve when said opening is exposed by the plunger, a relatively long stroke of the plunger is required. This leads to complications because, at least in the final phase of this so-called transfer movement, the plunger has to transmit a very high force in order to inject the plastic.
Because of the presence of the opening or the movement of the plunger completely outside the plunger sleeve, an appreciable temperature difference arises between the plunger and the plunger sleeve. Because the plunger is colder, problems arise in liquefying the tablets.
A further disadvantage is that if a machine is operated with various molds where, for example, a larger or smaller number of injections is necessary, the plunger block together with the mold must be interchanged.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,983,110 discloses a mold which has an elongated distribution cavity and rows of mold cavities located on either side. There is at least one further row of mold cavities behind each row of mold cavities. Fluid plastic originating from the distribution cavity must be transported from the first row to the second row in order to encase the articles located therein. A construction of this type is found to be inadequate in practice and leads to metering difficulties and/or errors in encasing.
It is stated in this patent that one or more tablets can be placed in the elongated mold cavity.
In the `Patent Abstracts of Japan`, vol. 16, no. 57, March 1990, a method and installation are disclosed for injecting into rows of mold cavities located opposite one another from an elongated distribution cavity. A single rectangular plunger is used for this purpose.
In the `Patent Abstracts of Japan`, vol. 9, no. 226, a distribution cavity located between two rows of mold cavities is described, the plastic tablets being fed into the distribution cavity in a direction perpendicular to the plunger and perpendicular to the distribution cavity. It can immediately be seen from the drawing that the tablets are present in the mold assembly for a relatively long period, which leads to warming of said tablets and the onset of the hardening reaction. This leads to substantial problems if a malfunction occurs in the installation. The tablets will then be exposed to this heat for a prolonged period while the installation is stationary, and it is necessary to clean the entire installation.


A device (2) for pressing a dose of ground coffee powder includes a filter holder cup (3) having a filter (4) for depositing the dose of ground coffee powder, an attaching support (7) in which the cup (3) is separably attached, a grinder (8) for coffee beans including a slide (9) for dispensing ground coffee having an outlet (10) positioned above the mouth (5) of the cup (3), a pressing piston (15) for pressing the dose of ground coffee powder present in the filter (4) mounted in the cup (3), and a lifting mechanism for lifting the pressing piston (15) in a position above the outlet (10) of the slide (9).

Proper pressing of an exact dose of ground coffee prior to pressure-brewing is essential for obtaining an espresso coffee with the desired organoleptic properties.
Various solutions are available on the market for this purpose, including manual coffee tampers or more or less automated systems that can even calibrate the pressing force with an adjustable fixed setting a priori and not during the pressing step itself.
Frequently, these systems do not solve the problem of the coffee powder being scattered out of the filter holder cup because the pressing process requires the filter holder cup to be moved from the ground coffee collection area to the pressing area.
The US patent 2016/0128507 referring to a motorized auger with a vertical axis is also known and it presses the ground coffee powder. The auger has its tamping head positioned under the exit opening of the chute for delivery of the coffee powder in the filter holder cup. Activation of the auger, which is simultaneous with the activation of the grinder, is determined by a microswitch, which switches as a result of the coupling of the filter holder cup with its support, and continues for a certain amount of time after the grinding has stopped, so as to ensure compaction of the coffee powder. More precisely, the auger is activated when the guides of the female bayonet mechanism provided by said support are engaged by the external tabs of the filter holder cup. In this solution, it can happen that part of the ground coffee accumulates in the interstices between the threads of the auger and comes out when the filter holder cup is extracted, and thus scatters in the area, or that part of the ground coffee deposits in the interstices between the threads of the auger and is used only in the subsequent brewing cycle, which, however, may take place even much later, thus causing deterioration of the properties of the ground coffee.

Device for pressing a dose of ground coffee powder


The present invention relates generally to radiation-resistant medical devices which contain polymer regions for release of therapeutic agents. The present invention also relates to radiation-resistant block copolymer materials for use in connection with insertable or implantable medical devices. The radiation-sterilized medical device comprise (a) a release region and (b) at least one therapeutic agent and the release region comprises a radiation resistant copolymer that includes (i) a low Tg hydrocarbon polymer block and (ii) one or more high Tg polymer blocks.

Numerous polymer-based medical devices have been developed for the delivery of therapeutic agents to the body. In accordance with some typical delivery strategies, a therapeutic agent is provided within a polymeric carrier layer and/or beneath a polymeric barrier layer that is associated with a medical device. Once the medical device is placed at the desired location within a patient, the therapeutic agent is released from the medical device at a rate that is dependent upon the nature of the polymeric carrier and/or barrier layer.
Materials which are suitable for use in making implantable or insertable medical devices typically exhibit one or more of the qualities of exceptional biocompatibility, extrudability, elasticity, moldability, good fiber forming properties, tensile strength, durability, and the like. Moreover, the physical and chemical characteristics of the device materials can play an important role in determining the final release rate of the therapeutic agent.
As a specific example, block copolymers of polyisobutylene and polystyrene, for example, polystyrene-polyisobutylene-polystyrene triblock copolymers (SIBS copolymers), which are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,545,097 to Pinchuk et al., which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, have proven valuable as release polymers in implantable or insertable drug-releasing medical devices. As described in Pinchuk et al., the release profile characteristics of therapeutic agents such as paclitaxel from SIBS copolymer systems demonstrate that these copolymers are effective drug delivery systems for providing therapeutic agents to sites in vivo.
These copolymers are particularly useful for medical device applications because of their excellent strength, biostability and biocompatibility, particularly within the vasculature. For example, SIBS copolymers exhibit high tensile strength, which frequently ranges from 2,000 to 4,000 psi or more, and resist cracking and other forms of degradation under typical in vivo conditions. Biocompatibility, including vascular compatibility, of these materials has been demonstrated by their tendency to provoke minimal adverse tissue reactions (e.g., as measured by reduced macrophage activity). In addition, these polymers are generally hemocompatible as demonstrated by their ability to minimize thrombotic occlusion of small vessels when applied as a coating on coronary stents.
In addition, these polymers possess many interesting physical and chemical properties sought after in medical devices, due to the combination of the polyisobutylene and polystyrene blocks. Polyisobutylene has a low glass transition temperature (Tg) and is soft and elastomeric at room (and body) temperature. Polystyrene, on the other hand, has a much higher Tg and is thus hard at these temperatures. Polystyrene is also thermoplastic in nature, opening up a wide range of processing capabilities. Depending upon the relative amounts of polystyrene and polyisobutylene, the resulting copolymer can be formulated to have a range of hardness, for example, from as soft as about Shore 10A to as hard as about Shore 100D.
Whether the system comprises a SIBS copolymer or other biocompatible polymers, these materials, once incorporated into a finished medical device, typically undergo a sterilization process. Two prevalent sterilization processes are exposure to ethylene oxide (EtO) and irradiation by, for example, gamma or electron beam radiation. For several decades, sterilization using ethylene oxide has been the method of choice for sterilizing medical devices such as catheters, mechanical heart valves, sutures, adhesive bandages, tracheostomy tubes, and so on. The primary advantages associated with the use of EtO sterilization are the low processing temperature and the wide range of compatible materials. However, the toxicity of the gas, its potential carcinogenicity, and concerns over residuals in the product and the manufacturing environment have subjected EtO use to ever increasing regulatory scrutiny and control and continues to escalate the cost of EtO sterilization. In addition, EtO is highly reactive and may interact with or otherwise adversely affect various therapeutic agents present in a medical device.
Radiation sterilization, whether by gamma rays, X-rays, accelerated electrons, or other means, is a widely-used alternative method for sterilizing medical devices. Products to be sterilized are typically exposed to gamma rays from a Co-60 or a Cs-137 source or to machine accelerated electrons until the desired dose is received. No toxic agents are involved, and products may be released for sale on the basis of documentation that the desired dose is delivered. For the sterilization of polymeric medical devices, a typical radiation dose of about 1.0-5.0 Mrad (10-50 kGy) or higher, is employed.
Radiation sterilization, however, may modify many important physical and chemical properties of polymeric materials such as the molecular weight, chain length, entanglement, polydispersity, branching, pendant functionality, and chain termination. These changes in the properties may impact, for instance, the drug-eluting properties of the polymers and impair the performance of a polymer for a specific use. For example, from a product use standpoint, mechanical properties are important characteristics that may be adversely affected by irradiation of polymers. These properties include tensile strength, elastic modulus, impact strength, shear strength, and elongation.
For example, when polymers are exposed to radiation, two basic reactions may occur: (1) chain scission (i.e., a random rupturing of bonds) of polymer molecules and (2) cross-linking of polymer molecules. Crosslinking generally results in the formation of larger, three-dimensional polymer structures. Chain scission, on the other hand, generally results in a decrease in the molecular weight of the polymer molecules. Although both of these reactions commonly occur as polymeric materials are subjected to ionizing radiation, one reaction frequently predominates within a specific polymer. As a result of chain scission, very-low-molecular-weight fragments, gas evolution, and unsaturated bonds may appear. Cross-linking generally results in an initial increase in tensile strength, while impact strength decreases and the polymer becomes more brittle with increased dose.
For polymers with carbon-carbon backbones, it has been observed that cross-linking generally will occur if the carbons have one or more hydrogen atoms attached, whereas chain-scission generally occurs at tetra-substituted carbons. Polymers containing aromatic molecules are generally more resistant to radiation degradation than are aliphatic polymers; this is true whether or not the aromatic group is directly in the chain backbone or not. Thus, both polystyrenes, with a pendant aromatic group, and polyimides, with an aromatic group directly in the polymer backbone, are relatively resistant to high doses (>4000 kGy). On the other hand, homopolymers and copolymers containing polyisobutylene such as a SIBS copolymer are generally more susceptible to radiation effects and may undergo chain scission during irradiation, especially at the radiation levels typically used for medical device sterilization (e.g., about 2.5 Mrad). A summary of the effects of radiation on polymer properties, such as loss of elongation, for a number of common thermoplastics and thermosets is provided in "Polymer Materials Selection for Radiation-Sterilized Products" by Karl J. Hemmerich, Medical Device & Diagnostic Industry Magazine, February 2000, pp. 78-89, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Radiation issues are particularly pronounced in medical devices having thin polymer coatings. This is especially true where a radiation sensitive polymer such as a SIBS copolymer is provided in the form of a thin coating on the surface of an expandable medical device such as a stent or balloon. For example, radiation can lead to an unacceptable increase in the surface tack of the SIBS copolymer, which can in turn cause defects in the polymer when it is expanded (e.g., in situations where it is in the form of a coating on the surface of an expandable stent or balloon).
Additionally, SIBS copolymers present special synthesis challenges. Currently, SIBS copolymers are synthesized by a living cationic polymerization process, a complex process that requires stringent reaction conditions and low temperatures. Ionic (cationic and anionic) polymerizations typically require reaction conditions free of moisture, oxygen, as well as impurities. To date, only a limited number of monomers have been polymerized by a living cationic polymerization process, thus restricting the ability to vary the chemical composition of polymers and copolymers produced by this process. Further, the experimental rigor generally involved in ionic polymerizations is often too costly for industrial use and free radical routes are preferred.
Hence, it would be advantageous to provide polymers that have various properties that are analogous to those of SIBS copolymers (e.g., drug release characteristics and biostability/biocompatibility) but which also exhibit improved immunity to radiation-based changes in polymer properties and are easier to synthesize using a wider array of monomer materials.

Medical devices containing radiation resistant block copolymer


A functional module integrates a distributor with a plenum and several pipes that form a common attachment and connection plate, a fuel rail, and a holding part for ensuring the locking in position of the fuel rail. The functional module (1) is characterized in that it consists of an interlocked and nested arrangement that includes the distributor (2), the fuel rail (7), and the holding part (9), with the fuel rail (7) being held between the holding part (9) and the distributor (2), and in that the holding part (9) and the distributor form by cooperation a longitudinal receiving housing with the possibility of locking the fuel rail (7) whose introduction opening is defined between an arrangement of feet (10) of the holding part (9) and the plate (5) of the pipes (4).

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the field of equipment and accessories for internal combustion engines, more particularly those supplied by high-pressure fuel rails.
The object of the invention is more particularly a functional module that integrates a distributor and a fuel rail as well as a process for the production of such a module.
In the vehicles with internal combustion engines, of which the different pistons are supplied by a common fuel rail, the latter is often located close to the distributor in the immediate surroundings of the engine, with these two accessories also having to be made rigidly integral with the engine block.
It was consequently obvious for one skilled in the art to attempt to connect these two accessories to one another so that they form a structural unit that has internal cohesion and can be made integral together with the engine block. Various solutions in this direction have already been formulated and presented.
2. Description of the Related Art
It has thus been proposed to mount the fuel rail on the distributor, for example by the document FR 2 779 681.
In this document, the two accessories are connected to one another by a quick-action coupling.
Nevertheless, an indirect attachment of the fuel rail on the engine block through the distributor is necessarily less rigid and less resistant than a direct attachment and also in addition stresses at least a part of said distributor, as well as its attachment points.
It has also been proposed to attach the distributor and the fuel rail in a combined manner at the same attachment points while ensuring a mechanical connection between the two elements.
Thus, the document EP 1 240 423 discloses a combined distributor-fuel rail unit in which said rail is provided with annular extensions in the form of blank holders that each fits tightly around a distributor pipe. These blank holders that are formed on the rail are equipped with tubular support feet for the passage of attachment screws, which line up with the openings for attachment of the connection plate of the pipes and that come into contact under pressure on said plate at said openings during the mounting on the engine block.
In another embodiment that is disclosed by this document, the blank holders are made of a single independent part that is not equipped with support feet, just covering the connection plate of the pipes and closing from the top the housing for receiving the rail in the plate.
In the two embodiments, the set of attachment points of the plate of the pipes and blank holders are combined, and the latter are not in direct support on the engine block, but rather rest on the plate that they make integral and flatten by clamping, also using the rail, against said engine block.
As a result, the attachment of the blank holders and the attachment of the pipes are totally interdependent, and the fuel rail itself participates in the mounting with locking of said pipes on the engine block.
Such a design nevertheless produces a complex structure for the fuel rail when it is formed integral with the blank holders.
In addition, these known embodiments impose a forced configuration for the connection plate of the pipes for the purpose of ensuring that the support feet of the blank holders and the attachment openings of the plate of the pipes line up completely. The result may be an implantation of the attachment sites of the connection plate that is not optimized in terms of strains and stresses, especially since this plate is assembled with the intake manifold, whose positioning in space of the main body can be shifted or offset relative to that of the plate.
Furthermore, stressing the fuel rail to participate positively in making the plate of the pipes integral on the engine block generates mechanical strains on this rail that can be detrimental over time to its structural integrity, taking into account in particular the vibratory context.
Finally, a forced disengagement of the plate of the pipes during disengagement or disassembly of the holding part may not be desirable in certain contractive configurations and may even be detrimental, for example in terms of time loss and problems during reassembly and/or sealing.

Functional module that integrates a distributor and a fuel rail and process for its production


This disclosure relates to a tile cutter including a generally horizontal base plate, a linear ridge fixed to the base plate, and at least one guide rail extending above and in parallel with the ridge. A slider is slidable on the rail. A manipulating lever including a main portion and an end portion is provided, the end portion having front and rear ends respectively away from and adjacent the main portion. The rear end is supported pivotably on the top of the slider on a first axis extending in parallel to the base plate and perpendicularly to the rail. A lower link is supported rotatably on the bottom of the slider on a second axis extending in parallel to the first axis. An intermediate link interconnects the front end of the lever end portion and one end of the lower link, the other end of which carries a cutting blade and press plates.

This invention relates to a cutter for pottery or ceramic tiles as architectural material.
FIG. 6 of the accompanying drawings shows a prior art tile cutter of this type, as also is shown in the Japanese utility model provisional publication S.56-156613. In FIG. 6, the cutter includes a horizontal base plate 1', a linear ridge 14' fixed to it, a pair of guide rails (only one shown) 3' extending above and in parallel with the ridge 14' between end supports 2', a slider 5' slidable on the rails 3', a pivotal block 4B' supported on the slider 5' by a horizontal hinge pin 5a', and a manipulating lever 4A' fixed to the block 4B'. The block 4B' carries a cutter blade 8' and a pair of press plates 9'. A tile 13A' can be cut by depressing the lever 4A' at the left end of tile 13A', pushing the lever 4A' to move the slider 5' until the blade 8' makes a straight cut or scratch in the tile surface and leaves the right end of the tile, and then further depressing the lever 4A' to force the press plates 9' against the tile on both sides of ridge 14', thereby breaking the tile along the cut.
As also shown in FIG. 5, the lever 4A, and block 4B' pivot around the single hinge pin 5a'. Because the length T1 of block 4B' is relatively large, the lever ratio T/T1 and force fl are small (f T = fl T1). Because the angle .gamma. between the block 4B' and tile is large, the value of cos .gamma. is small. Eventually, the vertical pressure p on the tile is small (p = f1 cos .gamma.). Accordingly, it is necessary to apply a fairly large force f on the lever 4 to form a cut and to break a tile.

Kabushiki Kaisha Ishii Choko Kogu Seisakusho


A system and method for displaying furniture in a showroom environment. A plurality of furniture pieces are displayed in a room setting having a plurality of walls to create the impression of a partially enclosed space. Adjacent room settings can have a transparent panel, such as a mesh screen or Plexiglas sheet, placed between them as a divider to simulate a wall, yet still enable the consumer to see through the transparent panel to view the furniture in either room. A large scale photographic image of the furniture in the room setting shows the same furniture pieces in actual use. The photographic image is mounted on a room wall generally behind and in proximity to the displayed furniture. A portal can be positioned at a front end of the room setting to simulate an entryway and to provide separation between other areas of the showroom floor. The portal is a free-standing structure that can be relocated easily. A portable fabric tree positioned in proximity to furniture pieces contains a number of samples of different fabrics and colors that can be selected for the furniture displayed in the room setting. An additional feature is a wall-mounted material sample display that provides one or more horizontal tiers or levels of material samples illustrating the availability of different colors and fabrics for the displayed furniture.

The present invention relates generally to furniture display and, more particularly to the display of furniture in a room setting that provides the consumer with an improved visual impression of how the displayed furniture would look in a home setting.
Over the past decade and longer, many traditional furniture stores have been replaced by furniture stores having a larger square footage for the display area in order to accommodate the preferences of a wider range of potential purchasers of home furnishings. The newer stores are generally owned by a furniture store chain, of which there are many examples.
Conventional retail furniture stores have been further displaced by combination warehouse-showrooms facilities in which large quantities of furniture are displayed, but generally grouped by type of furniture, e.g., bedroom furniture, living room furniture; dining room furniture, etc. Within the groups of furniture, many of the furniture selections are crowded together, and provide the consumer with little or no idea of how specific furniture items would look in the home. The larger showrooms frequently group particular items of furniture in an artificial room type setting that often represents a maze even to both experienced and casual shoppers. Even in the larger showrooms, it is difficult to show all the different styles and available fabrics for a given type of furniture. Furniture retailers often resort to swatch books to show a consumer the available fabrics and colors.

Method and system for displaying furniture


A drive system for an oscillating gripper of a sheet-fed printing machine has a main drive train and a controlled drive. The pregripper is mechanically coupled to the main drive train. The controlled drive supplies energy required to drive the pregripper in accordance with a position of the pregripper. The controlled drive at least approximately meets the discontinuous energy requirement of the pregripper.

Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a drive system for an oscillating pregripper of a sheet-fed printing machine, the pregripper having energy supplied thereto by a controlled drive and in accordance with the position of the pregripper.
Heretofore known drives for pregrippers of sheet-fed printing machines were conventionally formed of a cam gear which was connected to a main drive train of a respective printing machine and drove the pregripper from the drive side of the machine. Because the pregripper is a machine part which has to be accelerated and braked continuously, severe reactions occur on the drive train of the machine. This leads to flank or side changes in the drive and to an excitation of oscillations of the machine and, consequently, to ghosting or slurring, i.e., a degradation of the printing quality. Because of the great forces which occur, a considerable outlay or expense was necessary for the pregripper gearing. The cam gears, in particular, the cam rollers, were subject to great wear. Because this outlay and wear become greater with increasing machine speeds, those concerned with development were forced to seek a solution, in light of the ever faster running machines.
Thus, the published German Patent Document DE 39 22 186 C2 proposed compensating gearing having springs, wherein energy is stored when the pregripper is braked, the energy being removed again for accelerating the pregripper. Because different accelerations of the pregripper are also required, however, at different speeds, various forces occur, depending upon the production speed. In contrast, the proposed attempt at a solution in this German patent document is capable of achieving compensation for only one production speed.
A further proposal was made in the published German Patent Document DE 31 38 540 A1 wherein a pregripper drive is completely separated from the main drive train of the machine and is provided with a dedicated drive, which is controlled by a computer in accordance with the machine position or setting and the machine speed. In this regard, however, the problem arises that, upon the occurrence of any faults in or a failure of the drive electronics, for example as a result of a power failure, a collision of the mechanical systems occurs, which leads to the destruction of the machine.
It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide a drive for an oscillating pregripper of a sheet-fed printing machine, the operational reliability of which is guaranteed.

Drive system for an oscillating pregripper of a sheet-fed printing machine


An average face composition is produced by computer graphic methods surveying average facial features, skin color, lip color and eye color among plural faces representing different human races. Enquiries are performed among a plurality of different people to receive their replies to questions on the obtained faces on which various cosmetics were furnished. The collected comments were analyzed to prepare color maps, whereby necessary information and images were established to enable selection of suitable cosmetics.

In the past, a basic cosmetic such as lip rouge, eye shadow and so on has an important role and produces an attractive image for the user. At this present, there are many kinds of cosmetics comprising various colors and compositions from which to choose. The general user for these cosmetics is confronted with the difficulty of choosing the appropriate cosmetics and, specially the most flattering color.
The present inventors have already provided in Japan a method for selecting basic cosmetics which match the natural color of the user's skin. An object of this invention is to examine a color degree difference of brightness between the natural color of the user's complexion and one or more cosmetics. The user is then advised to select the cosmetic which is lower in its brightness than the natural color of the user's complexion.
The previous methods, however, cannot cover a wide range of users' personalities including their facial features, colors of their eyes and therefore it cannot offer a proper suggestion of cosmetic color. It is now required by users all over world that proper advice should be submitted in accordance with different color complexions, facial features and eye colors of persons of different race and complexions.