Antibodies which target clusterin, a protein involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of carcinoma cells, are identified and characterized. The antibodies may be used to modulate tumour cell activity through binding to clusterin.

Carcinomas, the most common human malignancy, arise from epithelial cells. Progression of epithelial cancers begins with the disruption of cell-cell contacts as well as the acquisition of a migratory (mesenchymal-like) phenotype. This phenomenon, which is called an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is considered to be a crucial event in late stage tumor progression and metastasis.
The secreted protein TGF-β suppresses tumor growth initially largely due to its growth inhibitory action on tumor cells of epithelial origin, then at later stages promotes tumor cell progression and metastasis. One mechanism by which TGF-β can promote tumor progression is through the induction of an EMT.
Due to the dual role that TGF-β plays in carcinogenesis, direct inhibitors of TGF-β may be risky since, while they could benefit late stage tumors, they could also accelerate preneoplastic lesions. A better therapeutic may be one that inhibits the pro-oncogenic EMT-promoting action of TGF-β, while leaving the tumor suppressor growth-inhibitory action of TGF-β unaffected. To develop such an inhibitor it would be necessary to identify the point at which there is a bifurcation of the TGF-β signaling pathway such that the mediators in one branch of the pathway participate in the EMT response, but not the growth inhibitory response to TGF-β. Therapeutics that inhibit mediators that lie exclusively in the EMT-promoting branch of the TGF-β signaling pathway will reduce metastasis while having little or no effect on the acceleration of preneoplastic lesions.
No TGF-β signal pathway specific components have been generally identified that promote or mediate the EMT-promoting action of TGF-β, yet are not involved in the growth inhibitory action of TGF-β.
In contrast, an endogenous protein (the YY1 nuclear factor) has been identified that is able to interfere with (as opposed to promote) the protumorigenic EMT action of TGF-β, while leaving the tumor-suppressing action (growth inhibition) intact (Kurisaki et al., 2004).
Inhibitors that target TGF-β ligands, receptors and the Smad signaling proteins are known. Specifically, soluble receptor ectodomains, antibodies and other binding proteins are able to act as antagonists by interacting with TGF-β ligands and sequestering them away from cell surface receptors. Small molecules are available that inhibit the kinase activity of the Type I TGF-β receptor and endogenous inhibitors of the Smad signaling proteins are also known. Since all of these signaling pathway components are involved in both the pro- and anti-carcinogenic actions of TGF-β, these inhibitors that target them may benefit late stage tumors, however, they could also accelerate preneoplastic lesions.

Methods and compositions for modulating tumor cell activity


A video camera of a type using an array of charge coupled devices (CCDs) is utilized to measure a condition, such as temperature, by imaging onto the camera a luminescent signal which contains information of the signal's decay time. The luminescent decay time is measured by comparing, such as by ratioing, the integrated signal values obtained in successive frames of operation of the CCD. One application includes use to measure a two-dimensional temperature distribution across a surface. The surface of interest is either coated with a layer of the luminescent material or emissions from the surface are imaged onto a separate luminescent screen. Another application is as a multiplexer and detector system for a large array of optical fiber sensors, a luminescent signal from each of the sensors being imaged through its respective fiber onto a unique one or more of CCD photosites.

This invention relates generally to techniques for measuring a decaying electromagnetic radiation signal, and, more specifically, to the measurement of a decay time of a luminescence signal that is generated in a material exposed to some parameter to be measured thereby. Measurement of temperature is extensively discussed herein but the invention is not limited to temperature applications.
One such application is the remote, real-time measurement of surface temperature distributions. In wind tunnel experiments with aircraft models, for example, a sequence of thermal images of the surface of the model aircraft may be acquired as part of the test data. Changes in the temperature distribution across the surface of an operating electronic component or complete circuit board is another application. In the medical field, medical thermography involves a thermal imaging of a skin area of a patient to provide information helpful to diagnosing the patient's condition. One way of doing this is to scan an infrared image of the surface across a point detector having an appropriate response to obtain electronic signals which are then used to display an image in visible light. The significant disadvantage of this technique is the resultant complexity inherent in the optomechanical and infrared detection technology used for the imaging system in order to achieve good speed, sensitivity and spatial resolution. Also, although direct detection of the infrared image can provide an acceptable qualitative visual representation of the temperature profile across the surface being viewed, the absolute accuracy of the measurement of temperature may be limited for a variety of reasons.
Another approach to observing and measuring the temperature across the surface is to first convert the temperature variations of the surface into thermally-encoded visible or near visible emissions before the radiation is detected and electronically processed. One such technique is to position a layer of luminescent material in thermal communication with the surface, such as by coating the luminescent material directly onto the surface. More conventional and less expensive imaging devices may then be used to detect and process the visible or near visible luminescent emissions. One such technique is to coat the surface with conventional thermographic phosphors and then detect the intensity of the luminescent image, much like any other optical image. This provides a good visual representation of temperature variations across the surface but suffers from a limited range of measurement and inaccuracies when quantitative measurements of temperature are desired. Thus, others have suggested variations of the luminescent material plus further optical processing of the luminescent image, such as by a pixel-by-pixel ratioing of the intensities of two separate and thermally dissimilar wavelength bands of luminescent emission. Given the right optics and luminescent material, this ratio is proportional to temperature. It has also been suggested to measure, on a pixel-by-pixel basis across the image, the decay time of the luminescence of a coating after the coating is excited by a pulse of excitation radiation. The decay time of the luminescent emission of selected materials is proportional to the temperature of the luminescent material over a given range of interest.
However, a totally satisfactory approach to such luminescent image decay time analysis does not yet exist. Therefore, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide this needed solution. An important goal of the present invention is a low-cost, simple, reliable and easy to use system that gives fast, accurate temperature measurements across a two dimensional luminescent surface over a wide range of temperatures.
Use of the luminescent decay time technique for measuring the temperature of a single small spot of luminescent material is becoming widespread. Optical fiber temperature measuring systems are commercially available. A very small quantity of luminescent material is formed as part of a sensor at the free end of an optical fiber, the other end of the optical fiber being connected to a measurement instrument. The instrument repetitively sends pulses of excitation radiation down the fiber and receives back from the sensor, in between the pulses, the decaying luminescent signal which is typically approximately exponential in time. A quantity proportional to the luminescent decay time, which is indicative of the temperature of the sensor, is then obtained by one of several signal processing techniques. One such technique is to measure the time it takes for the decaying intensity signal to fall from one value to another value that is the first value divided by e. This time is by definition the decay time of the luminescence. Another technique is to integrate the decaying luminescent signal over two different periods and then compare the integrated values, such as by ratioing them. Yet another technique is to digitize the decaying luminescent signal and subsequently analyze the digitized data to determine the decay time from the best fit of an exponential curve to the data samples.
Currently, a typical fiberoptic temperature measuring system includes only one or just a few optical fiber probes connected to a common optical instrument and signal processing system. It is another object of the present invention to provide such a instrument and system that can be used to multiplex hundreds or even thousands of separate optical fiber probes, and thus provide separate temperature measurements from each of the probes at a reduced cost per probe relative to what is now possible.

Luminescent decay time measurements by use of a CCD camera


An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a first short-range communication module configured to execute short-range communication with a second electronic device, a security module configured to store security information, and a processor configured to receive, from the second electronic device, a pairing key that registers the electronic device as being linked to the second electronic device, transmit session key generation information to the second electronic device when authentication with the second electronic device is completed based on the pairing key, generate a session key based on the session key generation information, encrypt the security information based on the session key, and transmit the encrypted information to the second electronic device.

A Near field communication (NFC) service is currently operated in three types of modes, which are card emulation, peer to peer (P2P), and read/write. Out of the three mode types, the card emulation mode is used for NFC payment service.
In the card emulation mode, NFC payment services, such as, a transportation card payment service, a check card payment service, and the like, may be executed using an electronic device by transmitting security information stored in a security chip (an embedded secure element (eSE) chip, a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) chip, or a host card emulation (HCE) chip) to an NFC reader through an NFC chip.
In the card emulation mode, communication between the security chip (an eSE chip, a UICC chip, or an HCE chip) and the NFC chip should be directly connected. For example, the security chip (an eSE chip, a UICC chip, or an HCE chip) should be connected with the NFC chip from the perspective of hardware (H/W) in one electronic device so that the security information stored in the security chip is transmitted to the NFC reader through the NFC chip, or the security chip should be connected with the NFC chip through a processor (application processor (AP)) in one electronic device.
When a user possesses a plurality of electronic devices, for example, a smart phone, a watch phone, and a tablet, a security chip (an embedded secure element (eSE) chip, a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) chip, or a host card emulation (HCE) chip) and a near field communication (NFC) chip required for NFC payment service should be included in each of the plurality of electronic devices. For example, when an eSE/UICC/HCU chip and an NFC chip for NFC payment service are included in only the smart phone, a user should proceed with payment service using the smart phone although the smart phone is connected with the watch phone through Bluetooth.
Therefore, a need exists for a device and a method for a secure connection, which securely transmits security information of a first electronic device to a second electronic device, so that services are conveniently executed using the second electronic device.
The above information is presented as background information only to assist with an understanding of the present disclosure. No determination has been made, and no assertion is made, as to whether any of the above might be applicable as prior art with regard to the present disclosure.


A cool white light source for use by surgeons delivers a balanced white light having a color temperature over 500.degree. K. essentially without any halos, rings or darkened regions. The light source includes an electrical circuit for detecting the delivery of radiation toxic to human tissue. If the light source detects the delivery of such toxic radiation, the light generating source is disabled.

The present invention relates generally to light sources and, more particularly, to apparatus for providing light which is non-toxic to human eyes.
In order to perform ophthalmic surgery, adequate illumination of the eye is required. Such illumination is not adequately provided by a focused lamp located above the surgical area because the surgical field is within the eye. Rather, a beam of light is usually delivered to the surgical area with a fiber optic cable.
The quality of the light delivered to the surgical area is very important. In order to provide high clarity and vision in an anterior or posterior segment of the eye, it is preferred to deliver a bright, white light to the surgical area. The white light preferably does not include any hues which could make it difficult to distinguish areas within the eye. Typical light sources used in ophthalmic surgery have a correlated color temperature of about 3200.degree. K (Kelvin). In contrast, sunlight, the standard for white light, has a color temperature of about 6800.degree. K. Such low color temperature lamps are used to avoid light toxicity to the eye. However, such low color temperature lamps do not provide a balanced white light, but rather the light includes red, orange or even yellow hues. The inclusion of such hues makes it difficult to view the retinal surface because a high percentage of the surface area of the retina is red. A light which includes a red hue brings out the red tissue of the skin, thereby making it harder to see subtle differences inside the eye. That is, visibility of the natural colors of the illuminated tissue is important for diagnostic purposes, and a color tinted light exacerbates the surgeon's ability to see the work area. Accordingly, it would be desirable to deliver a safe white light to a surgical area of the eye.
Unfortunately, it is difficult to deliver light without any darkened regions and/or dark rings. Thus, it would also be advantageous to deliver the light with a uniform or homogeneous distribution.


A surface such as that of a semiconductor wafer is cleaned by contacting the surface with a cleaning composition containing a polyelectrolyte.

In the microelectronics industry, surfaces that are typically scratch-free are polished for the purpose of planarizing the structure involved and/or removing unwanted material. By way of example, metals such aluminum, copper and tungsten are planarized. These metal surfaces are oxidized so that the polishing abrasive does not produce scratches. Moreover, there is typically a refractory metal liner underneath the aluminum, copper or tungsten, providing good adhesion to the underlying insulator and good contact resistance to the lower level metallizations. The liners can be niobium, tantalum and titanium alone or in combination with their nitrides, or any other refractory metal.
In practice, it is often necessary that a two-step procedure be used to achieve the desired polishing results. A primary polish is used to remove large amounts of the primary material and then a secondary polish for removing a different underlying or liner material. By way of example, the slurries typically contain an abrasive particle such as alumina, silica, ceria, zirconia, or titanium dioxide, along with an oxidizing agent such as ferric nitrate, potassium iodate, ammonium cerium nitrate, potassium ferricyanide, silver nitrate, sodium hypochlorite, potassium perchlorate, potassium permangenate or hydrogen peroxide. The primary and secondary slurries differ both in the kind of abrasive applied and in their chemistry. For instance for metal polish, typically the primary slurry applies alumina abrasive and has an acidic pH, while the secondary slurry applies silica abrasive and has a more neutral pH.
After polishing, it is necessary to clean the polished surface to remove the polishing slurry and polishing debris with a minimum of chemical or mechanical surface damage.
A widely used wafer cleaning method involves mechanical removal whereby the wafers after polishing are passed through one or two pairs of brush-cleaners that are wetted with deionized water. This technique, however, leaves the wafers and the brushes with a relatively high content of polishing debris particles referred to as particle count. This results in reducing the wafer yield and/or limiting the brush life, which is a relatively expensive item.

International Business Machines Corporation


A control system determines read performance of an optical storage device according to lock performance of a re-timing signal. The control system includes a filtering and re-timing unit for receiving a radio frequency (RF) signal and outputting the re-timing signal and an un-corrected output signal, an error correction unit for receiving the un-corrected output signal and correcting an error bit according to a Reed-Solomon algorithm to generate a corrected output signal, a lock performance detector for receiving the re-timing signal and detecting the lock performance of the re-timing signal and then outputting a lock performance index, and a servo control loop for receiving the RF signal and the lock performance index and thus generating a servo control signal. When the lock performance index does not reach a threshold value, the servo control loop loads other control parameters to improve the read performance of the optical storage device.

1. Field of Invention
The invention relates to a control system for an optical storage device, and more particularly to a control system for determining read performance of an optical storage device according to lock performance of a re-timing signal.
2. Related Art
In a typical digital versatile disk (DVD) product, a method of adjusting a servo system parameter is to count the number of errors of an error correction code (ECC). When the number of the ECC errors is great, a servo system has to try another set of parameters and then count the number of the ECC errors again.
FIG. 1 shows the architecture of a conventional control system for an optical storage device. Referring to FIG. 1, the control system 10 for the optical storage device includes an optical pickup 12, a servo control unit 13, a filtering and re-timing unit 14, an error correction unit 15 and a servo control loop 16. The optical pickup 12 reads a signal of an optical disc 11 and then generates a radio frequency (RF) signal. The filtering and re-timing unit 14 reads the RF signal and generates an un-corrected output signal. The error correction unit 15 reads the un-corrected output signal and then corrects an error bit in an error control code block of a data block memory cell according to a Reed-Solomon (RS) algorithm to generate a corrected output signal. When the error correction unit 15 is correcting the data, it also counts the number of errors and outputs an error counting value. The servo control loop 16 receives the error counting value and the RF signal associated with a servo, and outputs a servo control signal. The servo control unit 13 receives the servo control signal and controls operations of a spindle motor and the optical pickup 12.
When the number of the ECC errors (the error counting value) is great, the servo control loop 16 has to try another set of parameters to count the number of the ECC errors again. Because the time for counting the number of the ECC errors is longer, the time for the overall procedure of adjusting the servo system parameters is longer.

Control system for an optical storage device


A supplemental step assembly for a vehicle having a vehicle step includes a step which has a first end and an opposite second end. A first side member has a first step end which is connectable to the first end of the step, and an opposite first vehicle step end which is connectable to the vehicle step, the first step end being offset from the first vehicle step end. A second side member has a second step end which is connectable to the second end of the step, and an opposite second vehicle step end which is connectable to the vehicle step, the second step end being offset from the second vehicle step end. The supplemental step assembly can be connected to the step of the vehicle in either an upward projecting direction or a downward projection direction. The supplemental step assembly provides an additional step which reduces the vertical step height and facilitates entry of the vehicle.

Many vehicles such as large trucks are built high above the ground. As such the occupants of the vehicle are required to climb a high vertical distance in order to enter the cab or cargo area of the vehicle. Steps are usually provided by the manufacturer; however the steps are spaced apart a large vertical distance making it physically challenging to climb up and into the vehicle. This vertical climb can result in physical stress and even injuries.
For example, most large trucks have factory installed steps ranging from 18 to 22 vertical inches between the stair treads. However, the average and normal stair height to climb a stair is about 8 inches. As such, some users using factory installed steps climb into their trucks with great difficulty, and some have even fallen from the step while climbing. Some users are overweight, older, short, or in some way physically challenged. They are forced to use upper body strength to climb up into the cab, and each time they climb the factory steps their knee is stretched up to their chest so that the foot can elevate the difficult distance needed to reach the top factory step. When leaving the truck the user's hands slide down a grab-bar, which is somewhat like sliding down a fire pole as the user drops from the top step to the bottom step. Any misstep or hand slip could result in a fall and serious injury. Lastly many people have personal health issues which keep them from returning to work (e.g. surgery or a sprain). Their return can be delayed because of the necessity of using steps having a large vertical distance.

Supplemental step assembly for a vehicle and method of use


An apparatus (1) constructed for at least reproducing signals from a magnetic tape (16) extending between two reel hubs (12, 13), comprises a tape-threading device (40), which is movable between a thread-out position and at least one thread-in position, a detection device (129) for detecting whether the tape-threading device (40) has reached a thread-in position, a winding-mandrel driving device (98) for driving two winding mandrels (95, 96) which cooperate with the reel hubs (12, 13), and a braking device, which is movable between a release position and a braking position, by means of which at the end of a thread-in process the winding mandrel (95) can be braked by which the magnetic tape (16) is unwound during this thread-in process. The braking device is constituted by the winding-mandrel driving device (98) set to its stationary mode, which after the tape-threading device (40) has reached a thread-in position is brought in driving engagement with the relevant winding mandrel (95) and, as a result of the inertial and friction conditions in the winding-mandrel driving device (98), brakes the winding mandrel (95) rapidly and effectively.

The invention relates to an apparatus constructed for at least reproducing signals from a magnetic tape which extends between two juxtaposed rotatable reel hubs, the apparatus comprising (i) a tape-threading device, which is movable between a thread-out position and at least one thread-in position and which in its thread-out position engages behind the magnetic tape which extends along an initial path, which tape-threading device, as it is moved from its thread-out position to a thread-in position, moves the magnetic tape out of the initial path and into an operational path, the magnetic tape being unwound from one of the two reel hubs and the other reel hub being locked against rotation, and which in said thread-in position keeps the magnetic tape in this operational path, (ii) a detection device for detecting whether the tape-threading device has reached a thread-in position, (iii) two winding mandrels which are each in driving engagement with one of the two reel hubs and which are each coaxially connected to a winding-mandrel wheel (iv) a winding-mandrel driving device which is switchable between a stationary mode and at least one drive mode and which has a drive wheel which can be brought selectively in driving engagement with one of the two winding-mandrel wheels, and (v) a braking device, which is movable between a release position and a braking position, for the winding mandrel which is in driving engagement with the reel hub from which the magnetic tape is unwound when the tape-threading device is actuated, which braking device is set to its braking position when the detection device detects that the tape-threading device has reached a thread-in position.
Such an apparatus as defined in the opening paragraph is known in many versions. For example, the Applicant has manufactured and marketed such an apparatus in the form of a video recorder under the type designation VR 6760. This known video recorder is constructed not only for reproducing but also for recording video and audio signals. In this known video recorder the braking device for braking the winding mandrel at the end of a threading process is constituted by a spring brake whose brake spring is a cantilevered blade spring which is constantly in frictional engagement with the cylindrical circumferential surface of a brake wheel which is coaxial with the winding mandrel, the desired braking action being provided by a suitable choice of the spring force of the blade spring provided as the brake spring. As a result of this construction, the braking device constantly brakes the winding mandrel which is in driving engagement with the reel hub from which the magnetic tape is unwound during threading-in, thereby exerting an additional load on the tape-threading device and constantly exerting an additional load on the magnetic tape, which is unfavourable.
Allowance is to be made for the different effects of the choice of the spring force of the brake spring in order to obtain a specific braking action. For example, the spring force chosen for the brake spring can be comparatively small, resulting in a comparatively moderate braking action during threading-in. This has the advantage that the load exerted on the tape-threading device and the magnetic tape as a result of the braking action applied to the winding mandrel is comparatively small. However, in particular when threading-in is effected with a comparatively high threading speed, which is not uncommon in order to minimise the time required for threading-in, and when consequently the reel hub from which the magnetic tape is unwound during threading-in is set into a comparatively rapid rotation and therefore has a comparatively high kinetic energy at the instant of braking, running-out of this winding mandrel owing to inadequate braking at the end of threading-in is likely to give rise to looping of the tape, which is obviously undesirable. Alternatively, the spring force selected for the brake spring may, for example, be comparatively large, resulting in comparatively strong braking during threading-in. This has the advantage that in the case of threading-in with a comparatively high threading speed the strong braking action guarantees that looping of the tape at the end of thread-in is substantially excluded, but it has the disadvantage that the tape-threading device should be comparatively rugged and that a high load is exerted on the magnetic tape during threading-in, which is obviously equally undesirable. In the known apparatus this leads to a compromise, which is neither optimum in order to minimise the load on the tape-threading device and the magnetic tape during threading-in nor in order to ensure that at the end of threading-in the reel hub from which the magnetic tape is unwound during threading-in is braked as rapidly and strongly as possible.
It is the object of the invention to preclude the above problems with an apparatus of the type defined in the opening paragraph and to provide an improved apparatus in which the construction of the tape threading device can be light and in which during threading-in the magnetic tape is loaded only gently and after threading-in, even if this is effected with a high threading speed, a rapid and reliable braking of the winding mandrel is achieved which is in driving engagement with the reel hub from which the magnetic tape is unwound during threading-in, and consequently looping of the magnetic tape is avoided with certainty.

Magnetic tape apparatus with simplified tape reel braking after tape thread-in


A storage battery has an axially extending housing divided into axially extending blocks each containing a plurality of individual cells. The housing has a pair of plus-minus contact terminals equal to the number of blocks with the terminals accessible from the exterior of the housing. Voltage is supplied to each pair of terminals corresponding to the sum of the voltage of the cells within one block. The charging operation in the individual blocks is performed consecutively in an appropriately shaped charging device having a charging voltage corresponding to the voltage of one block. The voltage of the individual blocks can be utilized in series or in parallel connection by an appropriate electronic arrangement within an electrically driven tool.

The present invention is directed to a storage battery with a coupling part for connection to a charging device with the coupling part having at least plus-minus terminal contact pair on its outer surface.
There are known electrically driven tools equipped with DC drive motors where the driving energy is provided in storage batteries. Such storage batteries made up of a number of individual cells can be connected to the housing of the electrically driven tool. The electrical connection of the storage battery with the electric tool is effected by suitable coupling parts. The mechanical mounting of the storage battery on the tool is attained by clamping, latching or snap-in elements.
A storage battery is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,576,880 where several individual cells are connected in series. Such an arrangement results in a storage battery voltage corresponding to the sum of the voltages of all of the individual cells. The interconnected individual cells are connected to a plus-minus pair of contacts located in an end region of the storage battery where they can be tapped from the outside.
A mechanical coding device is located in the coupling part, so that the known storage battery can be connected to electric tools with the same battery voltage or to the correct poles. Two springs are arranged in the housing of the storage battery and located opposite one another for preventing an improper contact connection of the plus-minus contact pair with the electric tool and also with a charging device.
Coding apparatus in wide use involves one or several springs disposed in the coupling part of the electric tool or the charging device and engageable into one or several grooves in the coupling part of the storage battery.
There are other coding apparatus where the storage battery has at least one spring engaging into at least one groove in the electric tool or charging device. The coading apparatuses are intended to prevent the use of improper storage batteries.
A disadvantageous feature of plus-minus contact pairs disposed on the housing of the storage battery is that there are different manufacturers of storage batteries where the housings are similar as far as shape and housing cross-section is concerned, whereby they can be connected to electric tools and charging devices of other manufacturers. The contact pairs, however, may have terminals with different polarities.
If the polarity of the plus-minus contact pair of the storage battery is interchanged compared to the polarity of the plus-minus contact pair on the electric tools or charging devices, such a condition can lead to damage to the storage battery, the charging device or the electric tool. A damaged battery can no longer be charged. In the worst case the storage battery can explode due to a short-circuit.

Contact terminal arrangement in a storage battery


A cable junction box has a curved shape to at least part of its enclosure allowing for coiling of extra cable length into a desired service loop within the enclosure. The cable junction box has a cover with a mud ring integrated with a wall plate bracket to allow for interfacing with a wall and has a cable input to receive cabling into the enclosure. Attachment plates are located on the periphery of the enclosure to be selectively used to attach the cable junction box to a mounting bracket coupled to a wall stud. The attachment plates allow for flexibility in positioning of the cable junction box to be attached to the wall stud. The enclosure has connection locations for the front cover and other connection locations for the cable inlet to allow for further flexibility in positioning of the front cover and the cable inlet.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed generally to cable junction boxes.
2. Description of the Related Art
Construction codes, such as for commercial and institutional buildings, require cabling, such as for data, media, telecommunication, and communication systems, to be fully enclosed by a conduit system within walls, floors, and other members of building structures. Cabling typically is terminated with wall connectors having a wall plate on a room side of a wall and a cable junction box behind the wall out of view from within the room.
Typically, extra length of cabling is stored behind the wall at the junction box so that the cabling can be temporarily extended away from the junction box to allow for better access to the cabling when initially terminating the cabling with the wall connections. The extra length is also helpful for later servicing such as when the cabling must be trimmed for re-termination with replacement wall connectors. Generally, the extra cabling is coiled or otherwise wound in what is known as service loops.
Unfortunately, at least some modern cabling has very large diameter and is consequently relatively stiff, which makes storage of the extra length of cabling behind the wall more difficult. Furthermore, construction codes require minimum bend radii based upon cable diameter, so as cable diameter increases, the minimum radius required for a bend in the cable increases and the service loops need to be larger to be compliant with code. Construction efforts can be slowed down in installing the cabling with the service loops and can require larger storage space behind the wall, which may not be provided by existing junction boxes without greatly increasing the area used. In other cases, code is violated by using smaller radii service loops with conventional junction boxes given space limitations behind the wall. Sometimes, the extra cabling is positioned in a location remote from the junction box, which adds other problems regarding installation and servicing. Other problems can occur with construction and maintenance of the cabling such as impingement of the cabling by objects or kinking of the cabling through improper handling.

Cable junction box configured to store one or more coils of cable


A near field communication antenna device of a mobile terminal having a near field communication antenna function of 13.56 MHz by Alternating Current (AC) coupling a conductive pattern of a touch screen panel is provided. The device includes a conductive pattern formed in a touch screen panel, a first antenna line AC-coupled to one end of the conductive pattern, a second antenna line AC-coupled to the other end of the conductive pattern, and a near field communication module connected to the first antenna line and the second antenna line. Therefore, a near field communication antenna can be embodied using a conductive pattern of an existing touch screen panel. Accordingly, an increase in thickness and material cost of a mobile terminal can be prevented.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a near field communication antenna device of a mobile terminal. More particularly, the present invention relates to a near field communication antenna device of a mobile terminal having a near field communication antenna function of 13.56 MHz by Alternating Current (AC) coupling a conductive pattern of a touch screen panel.
2. Description of the Related Art
Nowadays, as data sharing, payment, and ticketing using a mobile terminal increase, a near field communication antenna device is mounted in the mobile terminal. In order to perform communication of a near distance of 10 to 20 cm using a low frequency of 13.56 MHz (±7 kHz), the near field communication antenna device has an Inductor Capacitor (LC) resonance loop antenna of a method of using magnetic coupling.
FIG. 1 is a rear view illustrating a mobile terminal having a near field communication antenna device according to the related art. For reference, in a mobile terminal 101 shown in FIG. 1, a rear case (not shown) is exposed.
Referring to FIG. 1, a mobile terminal near field communication antenna device 100 formed with an antenna line forming a loop is mounted within a battery 102 mounted in the mobile terminal 101.
FIG. 2 is a rear view illustrating a mobile terminal having a near field communication antenna device according to the related art.
Referring to FIG. 2, a mobile terminal near field communication antenna device 200 formed with an antenna line forming a loop is mounted within a rear case 203 of a mobile terminal 201.
Because such mobile terminal near field communication antenna devices 100 and 200 of the related art are formed with an antenna line formed at the inside of the battery 102 or the inside of the rear case 203, a thickness of the battery 102 or the rear case 203 increases by about 0.4 T. Accordingly, the thickness of the mobile terminals 101 and 201 also increases. Furthermore, because a separate antenna line should be formed, a material cost of the mobile terminal increases.
Therefore, a need exists for a mobile terminal near field communication antenna device that can embody a near field communication antenna using a conductive pattern of an existing touch screen panel.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Near field communication antenna device of mobile terminal


Pharmaceutical delivery systems containing 7-dimethyl-6-deoxy-6-demethyltetracycline or a non-toxic acid addition salt thereof comprising mixtures or separate administration units of pH sensitive polymer coated spherical granules adapted to release the minocycline in a medium having a pH of in the range of from about 4.0 to about 7.5 and coated or uncoated quick release granules adapted to release minocycline in a medium having a pH of less than about 3.9 or minocycline powder, pH adapted multi-coated compositions and oral dosage unit form liquids, capsules or tablets containing the above are provided. These systems and formulations provide at least minimum therapeutic blood levels of minocycline for at least about 24 hours when administered to a subject only once-a-day. Methods for the preparation of the systems and formulations are provided as well.

The tetracycline compound, 7-dimethylamino-6-deoxy-6-demethyltetracycline, and its non-toxic acid addition salts are widely used in therapy primarily for their antimicrobial effects. Commonly assigned Boothe et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,148,212, and Pesti et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,226,436, describe the preparation of minocycline. Although the compounds have achieved widespread use in oral dosage forms, they have several drawbacks.
The minimum therapeutically effective blood serum or plasma concentration level of minocycline in a human subject varies according to the organism causing the infection. The concentration is determined in vivo by clinical evaluation and in vitro by microbiological assays. Currently, the minimum therapeutically effective concentration is believed to be in the range of from about 0.1 to about 1.0 mcg of minocycline/ml of serum.
Organisms currently known to be susceptible to minocycline therapy include a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria including, but not limited to agents of rickettsiae (Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus fever and the typhus group, Q fever, rickettsialpox, tick fevers); Mycoplasma pneumoniae (PPLO, Eaton agent); agents of psittacosis and ornithosis; agents of lymphogranuloma venereum and granuloma inguinale; the spirochetal agent of relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis); the agent of Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorfeni), the agents of acne (Propionibacterium Corynebacterium acnes); the microorganisms Haemophilus ducreyi(chancroid), Yersinia pestis and Francisella tularensis, formerly Pasteurella pestis and Pasteurella tularensis, Bartonella bacilliformis, Bacteroides species, Vibrio comma and Vibrio fetus, Brucella species, Escherichia coli, Enterbacter aerogenes (formerly Aerobacter aerogenes), Shigella species, Mima species, Herellea species, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), Klebsiella species (respiratory and urinary infections), many Streptococcus species including strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus (skin and soft tissue infections), Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Treponema pallidum and Treponema pertenue (syphilis and yaws), Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium species, Bacillus anthracis, Fusobacterium fusiforme (Vincent's infection), Actinomyces species; and in the treatment of acute intestinal amebiasis and inclusion conjunctivitis. Physician's Desk Reference, 1987, Medical Economics Company, Oradell, N.J. (PDR 43rd Ed.).
Recent discovery shows that minocycline is absorbed at different rates in different portions of the gastrointestinal tract. Intubation studies in human patients have demonstrated that bioavailability of minocycline in the gastrointestinal tract, based upon 100 percent absorption in the stomach, is 106 percent in the duodenum, 80 percent in the jejunum and 58 percent in the ileum, indicating that minocycline demonstrates reduced absorption in the lower gastrointestinal tract.
The human stomach empties in about one hour in a fasting subject and in about one to about four hours with food. The half life of minocycline when taken without food is approximately 10 hours. When taken with food, the half life is extended to approximately 14 to 16 hours.
It has not been possible to achieve a once-a-day therapeutic blood level of minocycline using only delayed release granules of minocycline with or without food ingestion. Traditional pharmaceutical forms and traditional delayed release forms containing minocycline require frequent ingestion of multiple doses per day resulting in wide variations in serum concentration throughout the course of treatment and in poor patient compliance. This indicates a need for a custom designed once-a-day delivery system for minocycline to provide optimal therapeutic effect and patient compliance.
Shepard, U.S. Pat. No. 3,080,294, discloses a sustained release pharmaceutical tablet comprising an inner core coated with multiple layers of an active medicament mixture, each layer releasing a portion of active medicament as it is successively dissolved. Such layers are not pH adapted, however.
Amann, U.S. Pat. No. 3,865,935, discloses erythromycin tablets which are stable outside the stomach but which produce immediate action upon disintegration in the stomach. These tablets require sodium citrate or sodium citrate dihydrate and do not yield a controlled release of prolonged duration.
McAinsh et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,138,475, disclose that propranolol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be formulated into a sustained release pharmaceutical composition by mixing with a non-water-swellable microcrystalline cellulose and forming into spheroids. These spheres are coated with a heavy film of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and/or a plasticizer to eliminate any release of the drug in the stomach. The film coated spheroids are then filled into gelatin capsules. Apart from the fact that propranolol is used as a beta-blocker to treat heart problems and not for oral antimicrobial use, there is no hint or suggestion in McAinsh et al that the pharmaceutical compositions should be used with tetracycline compounds.
Dempski, et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,173,626, disclose capsules comprising uncoated indomethacin (U.S. Pat. No 3,161,654) pellets for immediate release, coated indomethacin pellets for prolonged release, and non-medicated pellets as volume fill. Indomethacin is a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor and is not an antibacterial agent. Furthermore, the coatings are not pH adapted.
Hess, et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,353,887, disclose a divisible tablet comprising medicament containing granules wherein the surface area of the tablet is not materially increased by division.
In Bechgaard, U.S. Pat. No. 4,606,909, the placement of a sparingly soluble active substance, such as tetracycline, in an oral controlled release dosage form is disclosed. The sparingly soluble active substance must be used with a dispersion-enhancing substance, such as an anionic detergent, to promote solubility in intestinal fluids. The composition is formed into small spheres and enteric coated to eliminate any release of drug in the stomach. The coated spheres are tabletted or loaded into capsules. There is no teaching that such a dosage form can be used to provide a once-a-day delivery system of therapeutically effective amounts of 7-dimethylamino-6-deoxy-6-demethyltetracycline or its non-toxic acid addition salts, and particularly a delivery system which is not dependent upon the ingestion of food. Moreover, the requirement of a dispersion-enhancing substance, especially an anionic detergent, is a negative factor.
In Ventouras, U.S. Pat. No. 4,784,858, a controlled release tablet comprising (1) coated cores, not necessarily spheronized, comprising a core of a water-soluble pharmaceutically active substance dispersed in a water-insoluble polymeric excipient and a swellable water-insoluble polymeric substance; and (2) a coating of an elastic, water insoluble and semi-permeable diffusion film of a polymer is disclosed. Here, the core is made to expand with water, causing the surface of the coating to extend, making it permeable, and thereby releasing the medicament in the core.
U.K. Patent Publication No. GB 2,041,222 discloses the tabletting of microcapsules of indoprofen. Other active medicaments may be included in the tablet. The microcapsules are not formed by spheronization, and these tablets are only suitable for high dosage delivery.
The incorporation of water insoluble medicament containing spheroids comprised of microcrystalline cellulose and at least one cellulose derivative into capsules, sachets, and cachets is disclosed in U.K. Patent Publication No. GB 2,202,143. Sustained released is accomplished by the necessary inclusion of the cellulose derivative.
Parke-Davis has recently offered for use by the medical profession, capsules under the trademark DORYX.RTM. containing specially coated pellets of doxycycline hyclate for oral administration. See, PDR 43rd Ed. (Pages 1487-1489) In contrast to minocycline hydrochloride and its isomers and analogs, doxycycline hyclate does not contain an alkyl amino group at either the 7- or the 9-position. The Parke-Davis pellets are said to comprise lactose, microcrystalline cellulose and povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone) in addition to the doxycycline compound. The disclosure in PDR 43rd Ed. is unclear as to the advantages for using such film coated pellets, but it is believed that the film is used to minimize release in the stomach and any resulting gastric distress and not to provide a once-a-day dosage form.
Valorose et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,837,030, disclose hard gelatin or soft gelatin capsules filled with minocycline comprising spherical granules.
Abandoned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/410,707 filed Sep. 21, 1989, discloses tablets comprising active spherical granules containing medicaments including tetracycline compounds and compressible spherical granules.
Abandoned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/410,709 filed Sep. 21, 1989, discloses hard shell and soft shell capsules filled with carbonic anhydrase inhibitor containing spherical granules.
It has now been discovered that a specific minocycline composition can be formulated to provide at least minimum therapeutic serum levels of the minocycline in a human subject for about 24 hours through once-a-day two pulse administration systems, comprising an initial loading component providing the first pulse which is absorbed up to 100 percent in the stomach and a secondary loading component providing the second pulse which is absorbed up to 100 percent in the duodenum and the upper part of the small intestine.
These formulations can also be processed into liquid, capsule, or tablet oral dosage unit forms.

Pulsatile once-a-day delivery systems for minocycline


A telephone handset interface reduces or eliminates feedback induced singing in a telephone handset/hybrid loop. The interface provides for user selectable volume control settings, each setting representing an amount of gain or loss to be applied to the transmit and receive signals within the telephone set. The gain settings are selected to limit overall loop gain so as to reduce or eliminate any tendency of the handset to sing at high receive gain levels. Loss inserted into the transmit circuit is removed when user speech is detected in the transmit circuit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is related to the field of telephone set features and apparatus, and specifically those directed at reducing or eliminating handset feedback.
2. Description of the Related Art
It is not uncommon for currently available telephone sets to be equipped with volume controls for increasing or decreasing the amount of gain applied to the receiver circuit of the telephone handset. Such controls are added to accommodate the hearing impaired, to overcome excessive background noise, as well as to compensate for variances in transmission quality from one telephone call to the next. They are generally limited to adding 12 db or less of gain, so as to minimize the chance that the signal fed to the handset receiver will be introduced to the handset transmitter, resulting in the creation of a loud and unpleasant tone being sent through the receiver. This tone, caused by a feedback loop established between the receiver and transmitter of the handset, is commonly referred to as singing, but has also been referred to as howling, squealing, screeching, or simply feedback. However, even at the presently practiced limit of 12 db of receiver gain the potential for singing exists, depending on the impedance of the telephone line and the acoustic environment surrounding the handset.
As is well known in the art, the feedback loop which causes singing is created in part by acoustic coupling between the handset receiver in the handset earpiece and the handset microphone in the handset mouthpiece. The feedback loop is completed by electrical coupling between the transmit and receive circuits in the telephone hybrid.
As is well known in the art, telephone signals to and from a telephone are carried through two wires, long known in the telephony field as tip and ring. Within the telephone set these two wires connect to the telephone hybrid. The hybrid splits the tip and ring into a four wire circuit, two wires of which pass the far end caller's signal from the hybrid to the handset receiver as a receive signal. The remaining two wires carry a transmit signal from the handset transmitter to the hybrid for transmission over the tip and ring to the far end caller.
A perfect hybrid would result in no signal component leakage between the transmit and receive circuits of the hybrid, i.e., perfect sidetone cancellation or infinite trans-hybrid loss. In practice, trans-hybrid loss is never infinite and, instead, depends on how close the hybrid impedance network matches the actual line impedance of the phone line to which the telephone apparatus or set is connected. Since, in general, telephone line impedance is complex and is not known a priori by the telephone set, trans-hybrid loss is usually only about 6 db to 10 db. This means that a reduced amplitude version of the transmit signal will always be present in the receive signal. If the sum of the acoustic coupling, electrical coupling through the hybrid, and circuit gains exceed unity, the telephone will sing or howl.
For example, if the line impedance of the telephone line to which the phone is connected represents a significant impedance mismatch for the hybrid, and the handset is placed on a hard, acoustically reflective surface such as a smooth desk or countertop, the gain in this loop may exceed unity at some frequencies, causing singing to occur.
Moreover, this problem cannot be overcome by simply reducing the gain of the transmit signal when the receive signal gain is increased, which would merely reduce the volume of the speech heard at the far end by the other caller.
The present invention is directed at overcoming the aforementioned shortcomings found in presently known telephone sets.

Telephone handset interface with feedback control


A frame size regulating circuit provides high picture quality to a viewer by regulating a frame width according to a picture brightness signal and pulsewidth modulation signals. The circuit includes a microprocessor for generating pulsewidth modulation signals for respectively regulating horizontal and vertical sizes of the frame according to horizontal and vertical sync signals from the external, and a horizontal-size control signal generator part for generating a horizontal size control signal for regulating the horizontal size according to the first pulsewidth modulation signal of the microprocessor and a picture brightness signal from a flyback transformer. A horizontal size control part overlaps the horizontal size control signal with a distortion correction signal, and a vertical-size control signal generator part generates a vertical size control signal for regulating the vertical size according to the picture brightness signal and the second pulsewidth modulation signal of the microprocessor to provide the vertical size control signal to a deflection circuit. The frame size is regulated according to the picture brightness signal and high voltage fluctuation to improve picture quality.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a monitor, and more particularly to a frame size regulating circuit of a monitor for regulating a frame size in accordance with a picture brightness signal and pulsewidth modulation signals to thereby provide high picture quality to a viewer.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In a television set or a monitor, generally, a vertical sync signal ("synchronization" is abbreviated as "sync") and a horizontal sync signal are supplied to a deflection circuit which in turn oscillates the vertical sync signal and horizontal sync signal to provide a vertical deflection signal of a triangular waveform and a horizontal deflection signal of a square waveform. The vertical deflection signal of the triangular waveform is applied to a convergence coil and a vertical deflection yoke, and the horizontal deflection signal of the square waveform is applied to the convergence coil, a horizontal deflection yoke and a flyback transformer.
The convergence coil generates a uniform magnetic field for maintaining a convergence of electron beams which is supplied to the frontal plane of a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) screen, deflecting the electron beams in the horizontal and the vertical direction in the vertical and the horizontal deflection yoke, and maintaining convergence and purity. The flyback transformer produces a high voltage required for the CRT.
Once the high voltage produced from the flyback transformer ascends over a preset value, the rectilinear motion of the electron beams is reinforced. Thus, the electron beams collide against the frontal plane of the CRT prior to being fully deflected to reduce the frame size. However, if the high voltage descends below the preset value, the deflecting action of the electron beams is reinforced to enlarge the frame size.
A frame size regulating circuit for correcting the varied frame size resulting from the fluctuation of the high voltage is illustrated in FIG. 1.
In FIG. 1, a reference numeral 1 denotes a microprocessor for generating pulsewidth modulation signals PWM1 and PWM2 having varied duties in accordance with horizontal and vertical sync signals Hs and Vs, and a reference numeral 2 is a horizontal-size control signal generator part for generating a horizontal size control signal of DC component for regulating the horizontal size in accordance with pulsewidth modulation signal PWM1. A reference numeral 3 denotes a horizontal size control signal part for overlapping the horizontal size control with an externally-provided distortion correction signal GD, and regulating the horizontal size by an overlap signal obtained. A reference numeral 4 denotes a vertical-size control signal generator part for generating a vertical size control signal of DC component for regulating the vertical size in accordance with pulsewidth modulation signal PWM2, and a reference numeral 5 is a deflection circuit for producing a vertical deflection signal of triangular waveform in accordance with the vertical size control signal and externally-provided vertical sync signal Vs.
Horizontal-size control signal generator part 2 is illustrated in FIG. 2. Here, horizontal-size control signal generator part 3 includes an amplifier for amplifying a DC voltage obtained by shaping pulsewidth modulation signal PWM1, and resistors 22 and 24 connected to the (-) port of amplifier 20 and an output side of amplifier 20 for determining the amplification factor of the DC voltage. In addition to these, a plurality of resistors 10, 12, 14 and 18 and a capacitor 16 are connected to the (+) port of amplifier 20 for overlapping pulsewidth modulation signal PWM1 with a division signal of a DC power source Vcc to provide a DC voltage.
Referring to FIG. 2, the connection of plurality of resistors 10, 12, 14 and 18 and capacitor 16 will be considered. An output side of microprocessor 1 is connected with one port of resistor 10 which biases pulsewidth modulation signal PWM1, and the other side of resistor 10 is connected to output sides of resistors 12 and 14 for dividing externally-supplied power source Vcc. The other side of resistor 14 is grounded. The other side of resistor 10 and output side of resistor 12 are connected to each other, and the output side of resistor 12 is connected to one side of capacitor 16 for smoothing the overlap signal of the division voltage of resistors 12 and 14, and the other side of capacitor 16 is grounded. One side of capacitor 16 is connected to one side of resistor 18 for biasing an output voltage of capacitor 16, and the other side of resistor 18 is connected to the (+) port of amplifier 20.
Meanwhile, vertical-size control signal generator part 4 is constructed to be identical to horizontal-size control signal generator part 2.
In the above-described conventional frame size regulating circuit, an operation of horizontal-size control signal generator circuit 2 will be described first. Pulsewidth modulation signal PWM1 of microprocessor 1 is supplied to resistor 10 of horizontal-size control signal generator circuit 2, and resistor 10 biases pulsewidth modulation signal PWM1. Externally-supplied power source Vcc is supplied to resistors 12 and 14 which then divide power source Vcc, and the bias voltage of resistor 10 and division voltages of resistors 12 and 14 overlap with each other.
The overlap signal is supplied to capacitor 16 which smooths the overlap signal to provide a first DC voltage. Then, the first DC voltage is supplied to amplifier 20 to be amplified. At this time, the amplification factor of amplifier 20 is determined in association with resistors 22 and 24. Here, the amplified DC voltage is the horizontal size control signal which is provided to be approximately 4.95 V when the horizontal size is maximum and to be approximately 10.56 V when the horizontal size is minimum.
The horizontal size control signal of horizontal-size control signal generator part 2 is supplied to horizontal size control part 3. Then, horizontal size control part 3 overlaps the horizontal size control signal with distortion correction signal GD supplied from an microcomputer(not shown), and supplies the overlap signal to an diode modulation(not shown).
On the other hand, vertical-size control signal generator part 4 is operated to be identical to horizontal-size control signal generator part 2 to provide the vertical size control signal of DC component. The vertical size control signal is supplied to deflection circuit 5. In deflection circuit 5, the vertical deflection signal of triangular waveform is generated in accordance with the vertical size control signal and vertical sync signal.
However, in the conventional monitor, the number of electron beams is varied in accordance with the brightness of an image. Also, once the number of electron beams is varied, the frame size is varied as well. In other words, when the image is brightened, the number of electron beams is increased to increase the current flowing to the flyback transformer to increase overall amount of the current. Then, the high voltage is lowered to enlarge the frame size.
In the event that such conventional frame size regulating circuit is employed, the frame size is varied as many as approximately 6 mm when the high voltage is fluctuated within the range of about 24 KV to 25 KV. In other words, the frame size is severely varied due to the change of the brightness of image to involve a drawback of degrading picture quality.

Circuit for regulating a horizontal size and a vertical size of frame


A permission information system and method are provided. The system facilitates management of permissions across a wide variety of systems and applications in a network environment. The system includes a data store which is a central repository that maintains permissions (e.g., in a user readable format). The permissions can, optionally, be translated into a format that is useable by endpoint system(s).

Modern operating systems drive many of today's technology-based innovations by offering a platform for both hardware and software development while serving many diverse needs. These systems have evolved from more simplistic file management systems to more complex workstations that provide high-end performance at reasonable cost. Such systems often include multi-processing architectures, high-speed memory, advanced peripheral devices, a variety of system libraries and components to aid software development, and intricate/interleaved bus architectures, for example. At the heart of these systems are sophisticated operating systems that manage not only computer-related hardware but, a vast array of software components having various relationships. These components are often described in terms of objects or classes having multi-tiered relationships such as in a hierarchical tree arrangement for files and directories that are found in many data management systems.
Emerging technologies have spawned other type structures and models for storing and managing objects within a database. These include such hierarchical structures as containment hierarchies that enable multiple relationships between respective items or objects. Such hierarchies are often modeled as a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) and support multiple path relationships to an item from a root node of the containment hierarchy. Regardless of the type of data structure involved, however, security models have been applied to these systems to determine and facilitate how entities (e.g., users or other components) are permitted access to objects or items residing in the respective structures.
Particularly on computer networks, management of permission to access and/or modify objects and/or items (e.g., files) can be a difficult and tedious task. Conventional system(s) in which endpoint system(s) are required to ascertain whether a particular user possesses the necessary credentials to access and/or modify a particular item can result in significant computing overhead.

Abstract: The system further includes a metadirectory component which notices change(s) that are created in the data store and sends the security information to the endpoint system(s). The new security policy can then installed and enforced on the endpoint systems. The system can thus employ the capabilities of a metadirectory to distribute security policy(ies) to these end-point systems. The system can, optionally, include one or more translator(s) which transform the user readable format into a format that is consumable by the endpoint system(s).


A wafer with an exposure surface and an exposure mask are disposed, directing the exposure surface to the exposure mask with a gap being interposed therebetween, the wafer having a position aligning wafer mark formed on the exposure surface, the wafer mark having a linear or point scattering source for scattering incident light, and the exposure mask having a position aligning mask mark having a linear or point scattering source for scattering incident light. A relative position of the wafer and exposure mask is detected by applying illumination light to the wafer mark and mask mark and observing scattered light from the scattered sources of the wafer mark and mask mark.

a) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of detecting a relative position of a mask and a wafer, and to a position detecting mark (an alignment mark). More particularly, the invention relates to a position detecting method (an alignment method) suitable for improving throughput of proximity exposure, and to a position detecting mark.
b) Description of the Related Art
A vertical detection method and an oblique detection method are known as a method of detecting the positions of a wafer and a mask by using an aligner having a lens system combined with an image processing system. The vertical detection method observes an alignment mark along a direction perpendicular to the mask plane, and the oblique detection method observes it obliquely.
A chromatic bifocal method is known as a focussing method used by the vertical detection method. The chromatic bifocal method observes alignment marks formed on a mask and a wafer by using light of different wavelengths and chromatic aberrations of the lens system, and focuses the images of the masks on the same flat plane. An absolute precision of position detection by the chromatic bifocal method can be made high because the optical resolution of the lens system can be set high in principle.
However, since an alignment mark is observed vertically, a part of the optical system enters the exposure area. Since the optical system shields exposure light, it is necessary to retract the optical system from the exposure area when exposure light is applied. A time required for retracting the optical system lowers throughput. The alignment mark cannot be observed during the exposure, which is one of the reasons of lowering an alignment precision during the exposure.
With the oblique detection method, the optical axis of the optical system is disposed obliquely to the mask plane, and the system can be disposed without shielding the exposure system. It is therefore unnecessary to extract the optical system during exposure, permitting observation of an alignment mark even during the exposure. Therefore, throughput does not lower and position misalignment during the exposure can be prevented.
A conventional oblique detection method uses oblique focussing in which regular reflection light reflected from the mark is obliquely focussed to detect the image of the mark. An absolute precision of position detection is therefore lowered by image distortion. Furthermore, since regular reflection light is incident to an observation lens, the optical axis of illumination light cannot coincide with the optical axis of observation light. Since the optical axes of illumination and observation light are required to be separated, if there is even a slight shift between both the axes, the detection precision is lowered and the installation of the optical system becomes complicated.

Position detecting method with observation of position detecting marks


Typically, a parallel-to-serial converter comprises a parallel-to-parallel register and a parallel-to-serial register. According to the prior art, a first clock signal the transfer of incoming parallel data words to outputs of the parallel-to-parallel register whereas the loading of the parallel-to-parallel register is rhythmed by a second clock signal which is independent of the first clock signal. According to the invention, a local base time produces the second loading clock signal and two clock signals substantially in phase-opposition so that there is time dependence between these signals. A phase analyzing circuit derives a control signal for selecting one of the two clock signals which are in phase-opposition as a function of a phase shift between the incoming parallel data words and the first clock signal.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a parallel-to-serial converter intended to serialize a data signal that is phase shifted with regard to a local clock signal.
Typically a parallel-to-serial converter comprises a bus receiving incoming parallel data from a processing device and reproduces this data in serial form in a transmission medium. Such a converter comprises at least one parallel-to-parallel register and one parallel-to-serial register.
These two registers are constituted of logic flip-flops and are connected in cascade in the converter. The parallel-to-parallel register receives incoming parallel data which it then transfers, at the rate of a first clock signal, to an output bus applied to inputs of the parallel-to-serial register. The parallel-to-serial register is loaded at the rate of a second clock signal by this transferred data which is then serialized for transmission in the transmission medium.
2. Description of the Prior Art
According to the prior art, the first and second clock signals having the same frequency are independent of each other in terms of phase. Indeed according to conventional embodiments, a phasor is provided in the converter to generate the first clock signal which rhythms the transfer of data outgoing from the parallel-to-parallel register whereas a time base in the converter provides the second clock signal independently of the first clock signal. The phasor is used to generate the first clock signal with a phase which is a function of the phase of the incoming parallel data. Since both registers are essentially designed with logic flip-flops, their operation depends on logic transition times (rising or falling edges) of the clock signals. It is natural, therefore, at high transfer rates, that times of transfer of incoming parallel data to the outputs of the parallel-to-parallel register coincide with loading times for this data at the outputs of the parallel-to-parallel register in the parallel-to-serial register. In this precise situation, loading of the parallel-to-parallel register can lead to loss of data due to the fact that sampling times concerning loading of data into the parallel-to-serial register do not correspond to durations during which the data are stable at the outputs of the parallel-to-parallel register.


A system and method for adjusting optical drives. Rotating disc datum, and leader pin datum, must be adjusted to a specific position during a packaging process. An autocollimator according to the present invention senses tilt and sway of the rotating disc, outputting a first bright spot through a switch box to a monitor. In addition, an optimum tilt angle of the optical pickup head is obtained by a reader through calculation by a host, outputting a second bright spot through the switch box to the monitor. Therefore, the first bright is coincided with the second bright spot by a adjustment mechanism and according to picture switch by the switch box, reading optimum tilt angle adjustment. Furthermore, individual tilt angle of each optical pickup head is calculated by a host for satisfying adjustment of different tilt angles with different optical paths in reading CD and DVD discs.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a system and method for optical disc drive adjustment, and in particular to obtain an optimum tilt angle using the persistence of vision effect during a packaging process.
2. Description of the Related Art
An optical pickup head of an optical disc drive, such as a DVD-ROM player, a DVD Player, or a CD-ROM drive, is an important component for data access. A tilt angle between an optical axis of the optical pickup head and an optical disc is defined for disc use. Obtaining a given tilt angle by precise component control, affects yield rates and product cost, requiring a mechanism to adjust the tilt angle with a given range.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional structure of an optical disc drive. An optical disc drive comprises an optical pickup head 11, which accesses data from a optical disc, an accessing mechanism 12, which moves optical pickup head 11, a rotating mechanism 13, to maintain stable optical disc rotation, and a circuit board 14, which processes signals. Accessing mechanism 12 comprises two leader pins 15, providing primary and secondary movement respectively, which can be represented as a datum plane for optical pickup head 11. Generally, the height of one end of the primary leader pin is fixed, while the other end is adjustable. Conversely, one or both ends of the secondary leader pin are adjustable, and the datum plane is inclined by adjusting the relative height of both leader pins 15. When an optical disc is placed on rotating mechanism 13, the optical disc and the datum plane of both leader pins 15 form a tilt angle and sway generated by incorrect placement and the rotating mechanism 13 itself.
In the first adjustment procedure during the optical drive packaging process, optical drive components are adjusted with tilt angles and sway using an autocollimator at a workstation, comprising a rotary disc a spindle motor, on which an optical disc is placed. A reflector is located under the autocollimator to sense sway and tilt angle of the rotary disc and the datum plane thereof, represented by leader pins, supporting an optical pickup head, and are adjusted until the tilt angle is zero. In the second testing procedure, the jitter value of the optical pickup head is determined by a jitter meter at another workstation, in which a test disc is placed on the rotary disc to read radio frequency (RF) signals from the optical pickup head using the jitter meter, to determine whether jitter values are within a fixed range.
The adjustment procedures described above have several disadvantages, as described in the following. The jitter meter cannot immediately determine the optimum jitter value of the optical pickup head due to interference caused by noise. Additionally, because the jitter meter indicates the measured jitter value with sway it is difficult to determine whether the optimum jitter value has been obtained, and requires several measurements to obtain the optimum bottom jitter value. Further, different types of optical discs have different optical paths, and the datum plane of each must be adjusted before the optical pickup head can access them. Finally, tilt angle, sway and jitter adjustment cannot be performed simultaneously.

System and method for optical disc drive adjustment


An image forming apparatus contains a registration correction portion correcting an inclination of the sheet of paper by hitting a forward end of the sheet of paper against a pair of registration rollers, a detection portion that detects an amount of deviation in the sheet of paper, a control portion that calculates a command value of movement for correcting the amount of deviation and a moving portion that moves the registration rollers toward a direction which is perpendicular to a sheet-conveying direction based on the command value of movement with the sheet of paper being nipped with the registration rollers. The control portion controls the moving portion so that the movement of the registration rollers finishes before a limited time of movement or below an upper limit of movement set in relation to the command value of movement.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus which is preferably applied to a monochrome printer, a color printer, a copier, a multifunction printer and the like.
2. Description of Related Art
A recent image forming apparatus has been provided with a detection portion for positional displacement and a moving portion having a pair of registration rollers. The detection portion for positional displacement detects a positional displacement of a sheet of paper just before an image-transferring position. The moving portion corrects the positional displacement of the sheet of paper (Deviation Correction) by moving the sheet of paper toward a direction that is perpendicular to a sheet-conveying direction based on a detected amount of positional displacement of the sheet of paper with the sheet of paper being nipped with the pair of registration rollers (see Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-022680).


A jig for holding a core which comprises a movable platform, a base positioned on the movable platform which has a receiving hole, and an inserter positioned inside the receiving hole of the base, shaped corresponding to the shape of the receiving hole, to fasten the core to the inserter. The inserter comprises a core receiving hole, a plurality of positioning recesses disposed symmetrically in the periphery of the core receiving hole, a plurality of positioning blocks received in the positioning recesses, and a plurality of resilient elements received in a space between the positioning recesses and the positioning blocks to hold the core firmly.

1. Technical Field
The present application relates to a jig for holding a core, and a method for aligning the center of a core using the jig.
2. Description of Related Art
Generally, lens molding requires processing the surface of a core with a laser carving machine to improve quality of the lens. When the laser carving machine processes the surface of a core, a very small etched area should be formed on the surface. Because the etched area is very small, the center of the core should align with the processing head of the laser carving machine to process the surface of the core precisely. Aligning the center of the core requires regulation of the position of the core relative to the position of the laser carving machine. However, such regulation requires employment of a holding jig to release and clip the core repeatedly until the deviation between the center of the core and the processing head of the laser carving machine is substantially eliminated. The process of releasing and clipping is inconvenient and reduces production efficiency. Therefore, an efficient aligning device and method for processing the core are desirable.

Jig for holding a core and method utilizing the same


The present invention relates to an encapsulated component that includes a carrier substrate and at least one chip positioned on the top of the carrier substrate and electrically connected to it by means of electrically conductive connections. The encapsulation of the chip is accomplished with a seal or dielectric layer. As a result of differing coefficients of expansion of the seal or dielectric layer and the electrically conductive connections, with changing temperatures stresses occur in the electrically conductive connections, which can lead to cracks, breaks and even to interruption of the electrically conductive connections. To mechanically relieve the electrically conductive connections of stresses from changing temperatures (in particular under extreme thermal loads), it is proposed that the carrier substrate be provided with a support element that encircles the chip, which serves to support the seal or dielectric layer, and/or that the material and the arrangement of the encapsulation be selected accordingly.

Methods have already been suggested for simple encapsulation of components to protect sensitive conductive structures on a chip from environmental influences.
It is possible, for example, to seal the space between the chip edge and the carrier substrate with an underfiller and to sputter a metal layer onto the component. The disadvantage of this method is that that the conductive structures (in particular acoustic converters) on the chip must be protected from the underfiller, for example with a plastic cap, and expensive processing steps are needed for this.
It was proposed in DE 198 06 818 A, for example, that the components be soldered onto a carrier in a flip chip arrangement and then be covered with a film, such as laminate film, which seals the components tightly with the carrier between the components.
In additional variants, it is also proposed that these films be further sealed hermetically by applying a metal layer over the film, and that this metallization be thickened for example by electroplating. In this case, freestanding bumps are involved, which are not supported by a filling compound. Because the mechanical connection between the carrier substrate and the chip comes about exclusively through the laminate film and the bumps, the bumps in particular endure the shear and/or tension stresses that occur in the chip under mechanical effects.
In particular as a result of differing coefficients of expansion of the laminate film or seals and the bumps, under strong and abrupt temperature changes, the bumps are exposed to mechanical strains that can result in cracks, breaks, and even in the bumps breaking off.

Encapsulated electronic component and production method


A method for a human user to interactively enter an alphanumeric text message into a multiline display device (12) using a keypad (14) containing a number of keys. On one portion (22) of the display, the alphanumeric text message that the user is entering is displayed. On a second portion (23) of the display, a listing of subsets (24, 25) of alphanumeric symbols is shown, with each subset being mapped to a corresponding key on the keypad. The user selects the subset of alphanumeric symbols containing the one alphanumeric symbol to be entered into the alphanumeric text message and depresses the key that is mapped to the selected subset. In response to this action, the second portion of the display then changes to show the alphanumeric symbols contained in the selected subset, with each alphanumeric symbol mapped to a specific key on the keypad. The user then selects the desired alphanumeric symbol and depresses the proper key. In response to this activity, the selected alphanumeric symbol is displayed on the first portion of the multiline display device.

This invention relates in general to a telephonic alphanumeric data entry system, and more particularly, to a method of entering alphanumeric information into a cellular telephone.
Text input using the standard telephone touch tone key pad is typically slow and relatively difficult. The growth in text input required for generating email, instant messages, SMS and the like begs for a more productive text entry method. The standard telephone key pad is designed with only ten to twelve distinct keys, necessitating the interposition of some manner of translating device between the standard telephone set and the user""s needs in order to input alphanumeric data. A typical telephone keypad includes 12 push-buttons, or keys, disposed in a matrix of 4 horizontal rows by 3 vertical columns. Each of the keys has associated therewith a unique number 0-9 and the * and # symbols. Overlaid on each of these keys is typically one or more letters of the alphabet, distributed in groups of three to four letters per key. For example, the xe2x80x9c2xe2x80x9d key typically has the letters xe2x80x9ca-b-cxe2x80x9d imprinted thereon. In general, systems for translating touch tone signals into alphanumeric data are known. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,381,275 describes a translator system utilizing what is known as a xe2x80x9ctwin depressionxe2x80x9d translation technique. Additionally, U.S. Pat. No. 4,427,848 entitled xe2x80x9cTelephonic Alphanumeric Data Transmission Systemxe2x80x9d describes a method whereby the alphabetic characters are transmitted by depressing a designated key (e.g., *) a number of times equal to the relative position of the inscription of the character on the key (i.e., the placement division of the alphabetic character), followed by the depression of the key on which the character is inscribed. A return to the numeric mode may be effected by depression of a second designated key (e.g. #).
Another example of a numeric to alphabetic translator is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,618,038 utilizing a xe2x80x9cdelayed depressionxe2x80x9d translation technique, wherein depression of keys having different durations are discriminated. For example, an alphabetic character is represented by first depressing a key indicative of the placement division of the alphabetic character (e.g. the 1 key for Division 1, the 2 key for Division 2, or the 3 key for Division 3) for a duration longer than a preset limit, e.g., 290 milliseconds. The key inscribed with the particular alphabetic character is thereafter depressed for a duration less than the preset limit. Return to the numeric mode is effected by depressing a fourth symbol (e.g. the 0 key) for a period greater than the preset limit.
Still another touch tone to alphanumeric translation technique has been proposed whereby an alphabetic mode is entered by depressing a first key (e.g., *), followed by depressing a designated key corresponding to the placement division of a particular alphabetic character (e.g., 1, 2, or 3), followed by depression of the key on which the alphabetic character is inscribed. In addition, other translation techniques whereby each alphanumeric symbol is represented by a specific sequence of DTMF signals, with each character separated by a specific designated DTMF signal (e.g. #) have been proposed. An example of such a translation technique is described in Broomfield et al, Electronics, xe2x80x9cMaking a Data Terminal Out of the Touch-Tone Telephone,xe2x80x9d McGraw Hill, Jul. 3, 1980.
Each of the above translation systems may have advantages in respect of the entry and transmission of certain types of data. However, such techniques are, in general, slow and cumbersome, in that different combinations of a plurality of keys must be depressed to transmit the alphabetic characters. Most people do not possess sufficient manual dexterity or patience to use such systems proficiently. In addition, a further problem is inherent in the prior art translation systems, in that the user is provided no feedback during the entry of the data. The user is provided no indication that any valid data character has been transmitted, much less an indication of the specific data character transmitted. Particularly in view of the multi-key entry techniques, mistakes in the data often occur.

Method for interactively entering alphanumeric text into a multiline display device using a keypad


An electrostatic actuator for forming an electric field for transporting the particles of a developer having a predetermined charge in a predetermined direction. A plurality of stripe-like drive electrodes are continuously formed on only one of opposite sides of a substrate in parallel. Pins are affixed to three electrode terminals and contact every third drive electrode selected in matching relation to the electrode terminals. The three terminals are held on an electrode connector which is fitted on one edge of the substrate. The portions of the pins contacting the drive electrodes are thinner than the portions connected to the electrode terminals.

The present invention relates to a copier, facsimile apparatus, printer or similar image forming apparatus and, more particularly, to an image forming apparatus having developer transporting means implemented by an electrostatic actuator which transports the particles of a developer having a predetermined charge in a predetermined direction.
An electrostatic actuator for the above application and implementing toner transporting means for transporting a toner from a developing unit to an image carrier is disclosed in, e.g., Japanese Patent Application No. 195901/1991. Specifically, the toner transporting means in the form of a developing roller has a stationary or unrotatable base roller. A plurality of stripe-like electrodes, or drive electrodes as referred to hereinafter, are formed on the base roller to extend in the axial direction of the roller. The nearby drive electrodes are each connected to particular one of a first to a third electrode terminal to constitute three drive electrode groups. Drive voltages of three different kinds and having a predetermined period are selectively applied to the electrode terminals associated with the three drive electrode groups. As a result, a time-varying electric field is formed in the vicinity of the drive electrodes to sequentially transport a charged toner around the drive electrodes in a predetermined direction.
However, the conventional electrostatic actuator described above is severely restricted in respect of design and expensive.

Image forming apparatus having an electrostatic actuator


Aspects herein are directed to a flexible and breathable slider assembly for an article of apparel. The slider assembly includes a first slider tape having a first longitudinal edge with a first series of alternating peaks and troughs and a second longitudinal edge. The slider assembly also includes a third longitudinal edge with a second series of alternating peaks and troughs and a fourth longitudinal edge. A first textile edge of the article is attached to respective peaks of the first series of peaks but is unattached from respective troughs of the first series of troughs to form a first series of spaces. A second textile edge of the article is attached to respective peaks of the second series of peaks but is unattached from respective troughs of the second series of troughs to form a second series of spaces.

Typical slider assemblies include slider tapes having linear longitudinal edges, which may make it difficult for the slider assembly to flex in a direction orthogonal to the linear edges. Further, typical slider assemblies generally lack features that facilitate breathability and/or permeability when the slider assembly is incorporated into an article of apparel.