A system for triggering a specialized data collection mode of a vehicle event recorder comprises an input interface, a processor, and an output interface. The input interface is configured to receive a trigger indication from an external trigger source. The processor is configured to determine whether the trigger indication comprises an indication to enter into a specialized data collection mode and, in the event that the trigger indication comprises the indication to enter into the specialized data collection mode, to determine a vehicle event recorder associated with the trigger indication. The output interface is configured to provide a specialized data collection mode indication to enter the specialized data collection mode to the vehicle event recorder in the event that the trigger indication comprises the indication to enter into the specialized data collection mode.

Modern vehicles (e.g., airplanes, boats, trains, cars, trucks, etc.) can include a vehicle event recorder in order to better understand the timeline of an anomalous event (e.g., an accident). A vehicle event recorder typically includes a set of sensors, e.g., video recorders, audio recorders, accelerometers, gyroscopes, vehicle state sensors, GPS (global positioning system), etc., that report data, which is used to determine the occurrence of an anomalous event. If an anomalous event is detected, then sensor data related to the event is recorded and transmitted to a vehicle data server for later review. In some embodiments, the vehicle data server determines that sensor data should be recorded by the vehicle event recorder and transmitted for review even though an anomalous event has not been detected by the event recorder.

Triggering a specialized data collection mode


A yoke includes a disk-like base end portion and a columnar center pole protruding from a center portion of the base end portion. An annular magnet is arranged on the base end portion. An annular top plate is arranged on the magnet so that an inner circumferential surface thereof is opposite to an outer circumferential surface of the center pole. A non-magnetic ring member is arranged on an inner circumferential surface side of the magnet, the non-magnetic ring member having a same inner circumferential diameter as an inner circumferential diameter of the top plate.

The present disclosure relates to a speaker magnetic circuit.
As described in Japanese Patent Laid Open Publication No. H08-9494 (Patent Literature 1), a magnetic circuit of a general external magnetic-type speaker includes a top plate, a magnet, and a yoke. From the center of the yoke, a center pole protrudes. Between an inner circumferential surface of the top plate and an outer circumferential surface of the center pole, a magnetic gap is formed. In the magnetic gap, a voice coil wound around a voice coil bobbin is arranged.
Japanese Patent Laid Open Publication No. 2009-124200 (Patent Literature 2) describes that, in order to enhance heat radiation of the speaker, air from a diaphragm is guided to a cover that covers the magnetic circuit, and the magnetic circuit is cooled. Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2006-60443 (Patent Literature 3) describes that a heat radiating member is installed on the top plate to thereby cool down the top plate. Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2005-341475 (Patent Literature 4) describes that heat radiating components are installed on and under the top plate.
In accordance with such technologies described in Patent Literatures 2 to 4, heat from the voice coil is drawn indirectly, whereby the voice coil can be cooled down.


A system and method of command signal conditioning in high response systems is disclosed. The system includes a central digital controller having a digital controller frame rate, a motor, a motor controller in communication with the digital controller and the motor, the motor controller having a motor controller frame rate higher than the digital controller frame rate, and a signal conditioner adapted to condition the command signal to produce a modified command signal at the motor controller frame rate. The signal conditioner is preferably implemented in software. In one embodiment, the signal conditioner is adapted to calculate a moving average at the frame rate of the motor controller. In another embodiment, the signal conditioner comprises a first order hold and a filter in communication therewith. A method of command signal conditioning in accordance with the foregoing is also disclosed.

The present disclosure is directed to an improved control system and method and in particular, to a system and method for command signal conditioning in high response systems.
Modern electrically powered motion control systems rely on digital control for operation. Typically, such systems consist of a central digital controller which communicates with one or more motors via corresponding digital motor controllers. The computation or frame rate of the central controller is often much lower than the frame rate of the motor controller. As a result, when the motor controller is highly responsive, the coarse step commands from the central controller can cause significant electrical current oscillations. This in turn can result in wasted energy and increased heat generation.
Existing low frequency-to-high frequency response systems handle excess heat generation by either adding a cooling system or in the case where one already exists, increasing the size or capacity of the existing cooling system, if possible. Waste energy is typically handled by increasing the size of the power generation system and wiring. In applications involving size or weight constraints, such as in aerospace systems, these solutions are often not acceptable. Such solutions also significantly increase the overall cost and maintenance of the system.
Moreover, any solution to heat generation and waste energy problems must not adversely impact on the phase shift of the system so that the desired response can be maintained. This is especially true in high response systems requiring precise positioning.
The present disclosure overcomes the foregoing limitations. In accordance with the present disclosure, the need for a cost-effective control system and method which reduces waste energy and heat generation and minimally affects the size, weight and response of the system is fulfilled.

System and method of command signal conditioning in high response systems


An integrated programmed logic circuit for performing complementary hardware and software based logic functions includes multiple programmed circuit portions. The portion programmed for performing the software based logic functions is programmably configured in a circuit configuration which includes and changes among multiple operation configuration states in accordance with its execution of its instructions. The portion programmed for performing the hardware based logic functions is programmably configured in a circuit configuration which remains in a single operation configuration state prior to, during and subsequent to its processing of data. Hence, the division of processing, i.e., hardware based and software based, can be designed as most appropriate for the particular application, e.g., more hardware based and less software based processing when speed is more important, and more software based and less hardware based processing when processing flexibility is more important.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to integrated circuits having sections designed for performing specific dedicated processing functions and other sections designed for performing multiple different processing functions in accordance with various input instructions, and in particular, to such integrated circuits as implemented with electrically programmable logic devices (PLDs).
2. Description of the Related Art
Digital electronic systems often include dedicated hardware in combination with a central processor unit (CPU) and software to achieve the desired data processing, as represented in FIG. 1. The two general types of implementation methods can be characterized as follows: hardware implementations which are fast but difficult to modify, as well as expensive; and software implementations which are slower but simpler to modify, as well as significantly less expensive.
Many circuit designers tend to use the CPU more often because it offers less expensive yet more flexible alternatives for implementing various processing functions. However, an important goal in designing such systems is that of the efficient division of the processing tasks between hardware-based and software-based solutions. Such division of processing tasks must be done early in the design process since modifying the implementation later will be difficult and expensive, and further, will often require that additional hardware be added to an existing circuit board design which already contains the original system.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to have a digital electronic system in which the hardware-based and software-based processing functions can be more quickly and easily, and, therefore, more economically, modified in accordance with the particular application.

FPGA based configurable CPU additionally including second programmable section for implementation of custom hardware support


A vibration wave driven motor including a vibration member having a friction contact surface and a rotor having a contact surface, which is in contact with the vibration member. The contact surface of the rotor consists of a composite resin filled and blended with a wear modifier and a friction regulator, as needed, and has a Rockwell hardness of 80 to 110. The friction surface of the vibration member is formed by a multi-layered film of a nickel intermetallic compound having a Vickers hardness of 800 to 1,200.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a vibration driven motor for generating a travelling vibration wave in a vibration member upon application of a voltage to an electro-mechanical energy conversion element, and causing relative movement between the vibration member and a member contacting it by frictional driving and, more particularly, to a high-output type vibration driven motor.
2. Related Background Art
In a conventional vibration driven motor, especially in a high-output type vibration driven motor, a thin annular piezo-electric element is fixed on the rear surface of an annular vibration member substrate formed of, e.g., stainless steel, and a super hard material containing tungsten carbide and cobalt is spray-coated on the front surface of the substrate and is polished to form a hard sliding surface, thus constituting a vibration member. On the other hand, a member contacting the vibration member is constituted by fixing, on a support member of, e.g., an aluminum alloy, a slide member having a reinforced composite resin layer prepared by filling and blending a reinforcement material such as a carbon fiber in a thermoplastic resin having a glass transition point of 100.degree. C. or higher, e.g., heat-resistant resins such as polyimide (PI), polyamide imide (PAI), polyether imide (PEI), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyether sulfone (PES), polyarylate (PAR), polysulfone (PSF), liquid-crystal aromatic polyester (LCP), or the like, or nonthermoplastic aromatic polyimide (PI). The vibration member and the contact member move relative to each other by frictional driving caused by a travelling vibration wave generated in the vibration member.
The relative movement between the contact member and the vibration member may be attained while either of these members is fixed or movable. In the following description of the present specification, however, the vibration member is fixed in position, and the contact member is movable for the sake of simplicity. Therefore, the contact member will be referred to as a "movable member" hereinafter.
In the conventional vibration driven motor, the slide member containing as a base material a thermoplastic resin having a glass transition point of 100.degree. C. or higher or a nonthermoplastic aromatic polyimide resin is used as the reinforced composite resin layer forming a portion of the movable member for the following reasons. That is, these heat-resistant resins have small temperature dependency as a material physical property, do no suffer from a torque-down phenomenon due to softened resins caused by a temperature rise upon driving of the motor, and can stabilize performance precision of the motor.
A reinforcement material such as a carbon fiber is filled in the resin materials for the following reasons. First, the property of the slide surface of the movable member is always stabilized with respect to the slide surface of the vibration member, which surface is formed of the super hard material containing, e.g., tungsten carbide and cobalt, and sufficient wear resistance in a driving operation for a long period of time can be assured. Second, the material physical property values such as elasticity, hardness, and the like of the slide member are increased to improve the performance (e.g., an output) of the motor. Third, the heat conductivity of the slide member is increased to improve the performance (e.g., efficiency) of the motor.
As described above, since the reinforced composite resin prepared by filling a carbon fiber in a heat-resistant thermoplastic resin having a glass transition point of 100.degree. C. or higher, or a nonthermoplastic polyimide resin is used in the slide member for providing the slide surface of the movable member in the vibration driven motor, the performance and precision of the motor can be stabilized against a temperature rise upon driving of the motor, and the wear resistance against the super hard material forming the slide surface of the vibration member is sufficient even after a driving operation for a long period of time. Furthermore, motor performance such as output efficiency can exhibit a high value.
However, when the slide surface of a composite resin layer of a movable member, which layer contained a heat-resistant thermoplastic resin or nonthermoplastic aromatic polyimide resin, and was reinforced by filling a carbon fiber, was actually brought into contact with a hard slide surface, formed of a super hard material, of a vibration member under pressure, and a driving operation was started under rated operation conditions of, e.g., 4 kg.multidot.cm and 100 rpm, torque nonuniformity of about 5% occurred with respect to the rated torque value, and further improvements were demanded.
Furthermore, when the driving operation was performed for as long as 1,000 hours under the rated relatively high-output conditions, a wear of 3 .mu.m or more was observed even on the carbon fiber-reinforced composite resin layer, and further improvements of frictional materials were demanded.
Moreover, since the spray-coated friction surface having a film thickness of 50 to 100 .mu.m and formed of tungsten carbide and cobalt had relatively poor heat conductivity, thermal radiation performance to the movable member constituted by the composite resin layer and the support member was poor, and it caused a temperature rise of the vibration member.


Method and apparatus for determining an enforceable policy applicable to one or more network devices. The method includes attaching one or more rule elements to one or more domain elements to create policies, the domain elements representing network devices and groups of network devices, and the rule elements defining actions, a method for determining whether a conflict exists between the polices, and a method for resolving the conflicts to produce one or more enforceable policies.

Computer networks allow increased computing power, sharing of resources, and communications between users. These networks have grown to represent large investments on the parts of businesses, governments and educational institutions and these organizations spend large amounts of time and money maintaining their networks. According to industry research, an average 5000-user corporate network costs more than $6.4 million to support each year. Thus, to many network decision makers the real concern, as we head into the 21st century, is not so much migrating to faster technologies such as asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), but reducing the costs associated with supporting and operating the networks they use today.
One of the principle costs associated with maintaining a network is the time spent on reconfiguration. This is not necessarily the replacement of switches, concentrators, bridges, etc., but the adding, moving and changing of users connected to the network. Simply moving a person from one desk on one floor to another desk on another floor may involve changing router ports, routing tables, IP addresses, making desktop changes and even doing some physical rewiring. According to LAN Times, the average cost of adds, moves and changes on today's router-centric networks has been conservatively estimated at $300-500 per user. With the average company moving each user 1.1 times per year, it is clear where many of the support dollars are going. The administrators overseeing these operations would appreciate a reduction in the time it takes to implement such changes.
As the cost of maintaining networks has risen, the internetworking experts able to oversee such operations are becoming harder to find. Many networks are understaffed to meet the increasing demands placed on them. A management system is needed which allows someone who is not an internetworking expert to perform the more mundane operations, such as moving users around, adding users, or changing the access constraints of specific users.
For example, the ability to connect to a network will often depend on the location from which a user is accessing the network and the destination a user is trying to reach. It is a complicated job to control access between what could be thousands of users, and it is made more complicated by the fact that the same user might access the system from different locations and might need different levels of access as a function of the location. The possible combinations of access increase geometrically because of these "nomadic" users.
Thus, it would be desirable to provide an architecture for a management system for controlling, simplifying and/or automating various aspects of network management so that the cost of maintaining the network, and/or using the network, can be better controlled.

Policy management and conflict resolution in computer networks


Anastrozole can be purified by crystallization from an aqueous-based solvent system. The aqueous-based solvent system can contain dilute acid, or an alcohol or both.

Anastrozole, chemically (2,2′-[5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-phenylene]di(2-methylpropionitrile) of the formula (1)
is a pharmaceutically active agent acting as a selective nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor. Aromatase is an enzyme which regulates the level of certain female sex hormones, such as estrogens.
In pharmaceutical applications, anastrozole is used for the treatment of advanced breast cancer in post-menopausal women. In the pharmaceutical compositions it is used in the form of the free base.
The whole class of 1,3-substituted aralkyl heterocyclic compounds, among which the anastrozole compound was a specific example, as well as acid addition salts of these compounds such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate and toluene-p-sulfonate (these salts having not been exemplified in case of anastrozole), have been disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,935,437 (reissued as US RE 36,617) and the EPB 296749.
There are various processes known for the synthesis of the anastrozole. The most important of them use the 1,2,4-triazole as it is a cheap and useful reagent. In the original document, U.S. Pat. No. 4,935,437, the anastrozole compound itself was actually prepared by two such procedures.
The first procedure (see Example 1 of EPB 296749) comprises, in the last steps, a reaction of the methyl compound of the formula (2) with N-bromosuccinimide to yield the bromomethyl-compound of the formula (3), which was treated with sodium 1,2,4-triazole to give the crude anastrozole.

Crude anastrozole was purified by column chromatography (details not given) and crystallization from cyclohexane/ethyl acetate got a purified material with a melting point of 81-82° C. Neither the yield nor the purity is mentioned in the process description. In a later document WO 2005-105762, it is reported that this process was repeated with a poor yield (<50%) and poor quality (<90% by HPLC). In particular, the crystallization procedure was not successful in reducing the level of the isomeric impurity—the isoanastrozole of the formula (4),
which was still contained in a level of more than 1.0% by HPLC.
In a second procedure disclosed in the EPB'749 (Example 8), the last steps use the hydroxymethyl-compound of formula (5), which was converted into a chloromethyl-compound of formula (6). The crude compound (6) (obtained by evaporation of the ethyl acetate extract of the reaction mixture) was reacted with 1,2,4-triazole for 18 hours at the reflux in acetonitrile to yield a mixture of anastrozole and the isoanastrozole of the formula (4). This mixture was separated by column chromatography using methanol-chloroform mixture as the eluent. Also, the yield and the purity of the anastrozole product was not mentioned.

The need to use chromatographic separation makes these processes economically unattractive for industrial scale.
One way to avoid this problem is to use a different synthetic scheme; one that does not produce the isoanastrozole compound and/or produces impurities that are easy to remove. Some regioselective schemes are known; see for example EPB '749 example 69 and WO 2006-000836, which essentially avoid the production of isoanastrozole. But these schemes have disadvantages including the use of expensive and/or toxic reagents and conditions or the requirement of extra synthetic steps. Improving the 1,2,4-triazole process would thus be desirable.
Two later documents were published dealing with attempts to improve the above 1,2,4-triazole-employing process, and in particular with attempts to provide a pharmaceutical grade anastrozole (which is a compound having at least 99.7% purity with max. 0.1% of any single impurity) without the need of a chromatographic purification of the crude anastrozole.
WO 2005-105762 indicates that the known process provides a product with 3-5% of the isoanastrozole impurity (4) when performing the process on an industrial scale. The level of the impurity may be reduced by using dimethyl formamide ("DMF"), advantageously in combination with a non-polar solvent in the coupling reaction. But, the isoanastrozole impurity cannot be removed to <0.1% level by any crystallization technique, even after a repeated crystallization. However, such impurity may be reduced to the <0.1% level by crystallizing an anastrozole salt. After the purification, the required base of anastrozole is obtained by neutralization of the salt.
The overall process of WO 2005-105762 can be summarized as follows:                reacting the bromo-compound (3) with sodium or potassium 1,2,4-triazole in DMF with or without a non-polar solvent;        quenching the reaction mixture with water medium and extracting crude anastrozole with an organic solvent;        distilling the organic solvent and treating the rest with organic or mineral acid to form the acid addition salt of anastrozole;        recrystallizing the acid addition salt from an organic solvent;        neutralization of the salt with a base to obtain anastrozole; and        crystallizing the anastrozole from an organic solvent to get a product of pharmaceutically acceptable grade.
US 2006-0035950 reports a similar process for the purification of crude anastrozole. The process employs the bromide intermediate (3) as a starting material and has the following characteristics:                the intermediate (3) is preferably purified before its use in the synthesis by crystallization or precipitation;        the coupling of (3) with the sodium 1,2,4-triazole or with the 1,2,4-triazole under basic conditions yielding crude anastrozole is performed in a solvent of the Class 3 or Class 2 (as defined in the Industrial guideline of residual solvents published by the International Conference of Harmonization); and        the crude anastrozole is purified via an isolated anastrozole salt form involving crystallization, acidic extraction, or both.
The isolated salt form of anastrozole, e.g., as the hydrochloride or hydrobromide salt, is crystallized from an organic solvent or mixtures of the organic solvents (similarly as in WO 2005-105762). The purified salt is then converted back to the desired anastrozole base by neutralization. In the examples, the neutralization is achieved by adding an aqueous solution of an inorganic base (sodium carbonate) and the liberated anastrozole base is extracted into an organic solvent (e.g. toluene) and crystallized therefrom.
Although this crystallization removes most of the impurities, particularly hydrophobic impurities, the published application reports that the isoanastrozole impurity is not sufficiently reduced. In fact, various solvents employed for the crystallization of the anastrozole hydrochloride provided a product having from 1.1 to 8.1% of isoanastrozole. To overcome this, the published application proposes selectively extracting impurities, especially the isoanastrozole, via an acidic solution.
Specifically, a crude anastrozole (base) in an organic solvent is mixed with an aqueous acid solution having a pH between 0.7 to 1.7, whereby the isoanastrozole is selectively removed into the aqueous phase leaving most of the desired anastrozole in the organic phase (however a part of the anastrozole is also removed into the aqueous phase as the reported yield of the single extraction is max. 82%). Upon phase separation and removal of the aqueous phase, the anastrozole-containing organic phase has less isoanastrozole. The extraction may be performed multiple times in order to reach a desired level of isoanastrozole. Contrary to the first process, this process does not efficiently remove hydrophobic impurities.
Therefore, both processes may be advantageously combined: the anastrozole is purified by extraction, then it is converted into the salt, the salt is isolated (whereby it is purified from hydrophobic impurities) and then converted back to the anastrozole base. However, it appears from the examples that multiple acidic extractions are needed in order to adequately reduce the level of isoanastrozole.
In summary, it can be quite difficult to remove impurities from crude anastrozole sufficiently to obtain a pharmaceutically acceptable quality grade. It would be desirable to have an alternative purification process. In particular, a reliable process that can be shorter/simpler and especially cheaper/more efficient would be advantageous.


A commutator including a commutator main body having a plurality of commutator pieces and a short-circuit member having a short-circuit conductor for short-circuiting commutator pieces. The short-circuit conductor includes superimposed first and second short-circuit member formation groups. The first short-circuit member formation group is thinner than the second short-circuit member formation group. The first and second short-circuit member formation groups are fixed to each other by crimping projections, which are formed on the second short-circuit member formation group through punching, in a state inserted through holes, which are formed in the second short-circuit member formation group.

The present invention relates to a commutator in which predetermined commutator pieces are short-circuited, and to an armature.
In the prior art, an armature for a motor having power feeding brushes may include a commutator in which a plurality of commutator pieces are short-circuited. Such a motor allows electric current to flow even to commutator pieces that are not in contact with power feeding brushes by short-circuiting predetermined commutator pieces. This enables a reduction in the number of power feeding brushes required in the motor.
In one example, in a rotating armature described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2000-134873, a plurality of short-circuit conductors for short-circuiting commutator pieces of a commutator are arranged to overlap one another at an axial end portion of the commutator.
However, when the short-circuit conductors are arranged to overlap one another at the axial end portion of the commutator, the overlapping short-circuit conductors increase the length of the commutator in the axial direction, which in turn, increases the length of the armature in the axial direction. Further, the overlapping short-circuit conductors may rub against one another. This may rub off the coating of the short-circuit conductors. In such a case, the short-circuit conductors may be electrically connected (layer short). This may lower the manufacturing yield of the armature or cause erroneous operations of the armature and may eventually lower the reliability of the armature.


The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for injecting an injectate fluid into a blood vessel of a patient for carrying out thermodilution or dye-dilution measurements in order to determine hemodynamic parameters of the patient. The apparatus includes sensing means for sensing a change of pressure and/or flow rate and/or temperature inside the injection channel, and a computer coupled to the sensing means for determining the time instants of start and finish of the injection process.

1. Field of Invention
The invention is a device to detect the start and end of injection as well as the injectate temperature during thermodilution determination of cardiocirculatory parameters and intra- and extravascular volumes.
2. Description of Related Arts
Cardiac Output (CO) and circulating blood volume are very important parameters to diagnose the condition of clinically ill patients. Measuring these parameters is a very important part of intensive care as well as in medical research. Such measurements are typically performed on critically ill patients in head surgical treatment and for pharmacological management strategies.
When employing a method of thermodilution for cardiac output determination, a liquid indicator colder than the blood temperature is injected into the right atrium or the superior or inferior vena cava. After a period of time, depending on the blood flow through the head and pulmonary circulation, a temperature drop can be detected in the femoral artery. By plotting the temperature drop over time, the area under the resulting curve can be used to determine cardiac output. To calculate cardiac output, it is crucial to know the exact temperature of the blood and the injected liquid. The blood temperature can be measured with an indwelling thermistor in the femoral artery, using a sensor that can be a temperature dependent resistor with a negative coefficient (NTC).
The temperature of the injected liquid is also measured with a resistor of the same type. This resistor is in thermal contact with the liquid within the injection channel. Hence, the temperature of the injected liquid can be measured during injection. In order to reuse the sensor, a thermal bridge is established between the sensor and the fluid path using a liquid impermeable material. This device is called IITS device (IITS) and is a sterile disposable item. The IITS is connected in series with the injection channel and contains the holder for the temperature sensor. Additionally, in this device includes a membrane as an actuator of a timing device. The defined time intervals on the indicator dilution curve allow calculation of intra- and extravascular volumes between site of injection and site of detection. However, precise detection of the start and finish of the injection is necessary.
Since determining these specific time points manually is impractical and imprecise, detection of a sudden step function of the temperature in the IITS is used. A sudden change in temperature is achieved by using cold injectate through the IITS that is at room temperature before injection. Consequently the injectate must be cooled prior to injection. This necessary step is a big disadvantage to the user in the intensive care unit, operating room or ambulance, where time may be a critical factor. Furthermore, providing cold injectate imposes not only additional labor time but may also introduce measurement errors and health risk to the patient. If the injectate is removed from the cooling compartment and injection is delayed, the liquid may warm up and may result in erroneous measurement. Additionally, if several consecutive determinations are performed, the IITS will cool and temperature detection will deteriorate.
The use of conventional cooling set at the bedside does not adequately address the above mentioned problems. The cooling set can only provide cold injectate provided that ice is constantly replenished in the cooler. The additional cooler also represents an added expense.
Because of the disadvantages mentioned above, the ability to use injectate at room temperature would simplify the measurement. Preferred embodiments of the present invention is a device that allows detection of the injectate temperature as well as beginning and end of injection at room temperature. More specifically, preferred embodiments of the present invention allows a user to detect the start and finish of injection for a thermodilution measurement at room temperature (approximately 20 degrees Celsius) without using cooled or heated injectate.

Injection channel for a blood vessel catheter


A seed boot for depositing a seed within a furrow including spaced side members, a face plate extending between forward edges of the side members, and a rear spacer member extending between rearward edges of the side members, and a wear insert secured to each of the side members of the seed boot. The insert includes an elongated rectangular bar having a top and bottom surface, a leading and trailing face and longitudinal side faces extending between and around the peripheral edges of the top and bottom surfaces.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention related to a new type of insert. More particularly, this invention relates to a new type of insert that may be used in connection with a seed boot for depositing a seed within a furrow.
2. Description of the Related Art
The proper depositing of seeds into a v-shaped furrow formed in the soil requires special care in handling the seeds and in maintaining the side walls of the furrow to ensure that the seed is deposited within the v-shaped furrow at the proper seed planting depth. It will be appreciated that if a seed boot is in a worn condition, loose soil from the sidewalls of the v-shaped furrow may spill into the furrow before the seed is deposited or the seed may be blown or bounced around or out of the furrow, such that the seed is prevented from being deposited in the furrow or from reaching a proper seed planting depth. To achieve proper seed planting depth and prevent soil from collapsing in the furrow prior to depositing the seed a worn seed boot must be either continually adjusted for proper height with the bottom of the furrow or the seed boot must be replaced. Replacement of a worn seed boot results in lost planting time and reduced cost-effectiveness.
The present invention is concerned with a unique insert geometry which may be simply and effectively secured to a seed boot to protect the seed boot from wear. The present invention is also concerned with providing a wear resistant seed boot which will contribute to proper depositing of seeds to achieve a proper seed planting depth..
Accordingly, one aspect of the present invention is to provide an improved insert geometry which can be molded to form a finished product and effectively bonded to a seed boot for use in an abrasive rocky soil.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a uniquely shaped insert that is economical to manufacture and may be effectively bonded to a seed boot to provide an increased wear life for the seed boot. Still another aspect of the present invention is to secure at least one wear insert to at least one, and preferably each side of a seed boot to prevent wear of the seed boot.
Yet another aspect of the present invention is to provide a seed boot capable of providing an increased wear life over alloyed and unalloyed irons and steels or chrome plating by the use of an insert in accordance with the present invention.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a seed boot which will reduce the downtime necessitated by the replacement of worn seed boots, improve seed to soil contact, improve the efficiency of the planter and protect the seed within a v-shaped furrow.


Provided in various embodiments are an electronic device and a method therefor, the electronic device comprising: a first image sensor; a second image sensor electrically connected through a designated interface to the first image sensor; and a processor, wherein the processor is set to determine parameter information, for controlling the first image sensor and the second image sensor, in relation to photographing and transmit the determined parameter information to the first image sensor and the second image sensor, and the first image sensor is set to transmit a reflection signal through the designated interface to the second image sensor such that the second image sensor uses the parameter information in response to the reflection signal. In addition, other embodiments are possible.

With the recent enhancement of digital technology, various types of electronic devices such as mobile communication terminals, personal digital assistants (PDAs), electronic schedulers, smal phones, tablet personal computers (PCs), wearable devices, or the like are widely used. To support and increase functions of such electronic devices, hardware portions and/or software portions of electronic devices are continuously developed. For example, an electronic device may include a dual camera, and may synthesize two images of different portions shot by respective cameras into one image and may provide the image. For example, since one camera focuses on a subject and the other camera shoots a background, the dual camera may provide an effect of widening a camera viewing angle (for example, the wide angle effect). The electronic device may use more cameras according to necessary performance and configuration, in addition to the dual camera including two cameras.
In the case of the dual camera, for example, the dual camera may include two or more image sensors for a single lens, or may include two or more pairs of lenses and image sensors (for example, two lenses and two image sensors), with each pair including one lens and one image sensor. The two or more lenses may be configured to have the same viewing angle/aperture, or may be configured to have different viewing angles/apertures. In addition, the two or more image sensors may use not only image sensors of RGB Bayer pattern employing primary color filters, but also image sensors using RGB-IR (for example, an image sensor adding a color filter enabling to see an IR band, in addition to the RGB Bayer pattern), monochrome or complementary color filters.
When there are a plurality of image sensors, each image sensor should apply a changed shooting parameter at the same time as the other image sensors every time the shooting parameter is changed. For example, the respective image sensors may shoot with a time gap to implement a function like wide dynamic range, but, when post-processing is performed with respect to images shot by using the plurality of image sensors, it should be assumed that most of the image sensors shoot at the same time, and various methods for shooting at the same time are introduced.

Method for controlling synchronization of plurality of image sensors and electronic device for implementing same


A system for a vehicle may comprise a rearview assembly comprising a display element configured for providing a rearward view of a scene behind the vehicle, at least one imaging device in communication with the display element and configured to capture images from within a passenger compartment of the vehicle, and a printed circuit board in communication with the display element and the at least one imaging device. The display element may be configured to selectively display content received from a source external to the vehicle. The display element may be suitable for receiving inputs from a plurality of sources. At least one of the plurality of sources may be one of the internet and a cellular network.

Cameras and imaging devices are increasingly being employed for various functions in motor vehicles. Some of the imaging systems are to be used in the interior of a vehicle. Some imaging systems may be used, for example, to collect images of vehicle occupants.
Due to space and configuration restrictions, it may be difficult to have an unobtrusive imaging system with high quality video in the interior of a vehicle. The imaging systems may be difficult to disguise, and may be considered aesthetically displeasing.
In some instances, the imaging systems may be disposed within a rearview assembly, and may be within the housing of the rearview assembly. However, as manufacturers include more devices within the housing of the rearview assembly, it may become difficult to find sufficient room within the housing for all the components without making the housing so large that it impairs driver visibility and becomes aesthetically displeasing. Furthermore, due to lighting conditions in the interior of the vehicle, the imaging systems may produce images that appear over or under-exposed.


A method for restoring backup data in an electronic system is provided. The method provides a backup data file, and the backup data file includes at least one record of application data. Then, an application program corresponding to the application data is searched within a registry of the electronic system. If it is found, the application data is restored; otherwise, the application data is not restored. The present invention further provides a method for restoring backup data in a mobile system. The method provides a backup data file, and the backup data file includes a self-restore program. Then, the self-restore program is performed in the mobile device to restore data. Therefore, the present invention can restore data to the mobile device without having to install additional restore program.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for restoring backup data, and more particularly, to a method for restoring backup data in a mobile device (e.g. PDA).
2. Description of the Related Art
Various electronic apparatus are commonly used in modern life to process our daily activities, such as communication, calendar management, and document preparation. Accompanying with the technology progress, various electronic apparatus are made thinner and smaller for easy carry. The mobile device, such as the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and the mobile phone are the electronic apparatus that are made in consider of easy carry. Usually, the data recorded in the electronic apparatus is critical to the users, if the data recorded in the electronic apparatus is damaged due to any accident, it will be a great loss and will bring a significant inconvenience to the users. Therefore, frequently backing up data becomes a routine job for the users using the electronic apparatus.
For example, since the characteristic of smaller size and versatile functions, the PDA is gradually accepted by the users. In the PDA, the user can build up customer information, send/receive e-mail, manage calendar, roughly edit/read document, and perform like operation with the help of a Personal Information Manager (PIM). The PDA also provides a function similar to the Personal Computer (PC) for allowing user to install various application programs. The PDA can further provide multimedia functions, such as playing MP3 and movies by installing the relevant application programs. Therefore, the important PIM data and the application data generated by various application programs (e.g. Word document files and MP3 music files) are recorded in the PDA. In order to prevent the data from carelessly damaging, a backup program is commonly installed in the PDA for users to backup the important data. The backup data mentioned above is commonly saved outside the PDA, for example, it is saved in a PC which is connected to the PDA via a link.
Analyzing the data/program saved in the PDA, it is found that they can be roughly classified into following categories: the system file/device driver, the registry, the user-installed application program and its related dynamic-link library (DLL), the application data generated by the application program, and the PIM data. The user can restore the backup data to the original PDA at any time with the help of non-regularly backing up the internal data of the PDA. However, it is common that we have to load the backup data of the original PDA into another PDA and restore it therein, for example, in the case of replacing the PDA with a new one. FIG. 1A is a schematic block diagram illustrating the backing up data between different PDAs. FIG. 1B is a schematic block diagram illustrating a PDA 2 of FIG. 1A after the data had been restored to it using a conventional technique. Referring to both FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, it is assumed that the data in the PDA 110 is to be backed up and the backup data file 130 is to be obtained, the data of the PDA 110 is restored into the PDA 120 by using the backup data file 130. Wherein, the system file/device driver 112 is commonly embedded in a read only memory (ROM) inside the PDA 110, thus it is not possible to rewrite it, and it will not disappear due to the PDA hardware reset. Therefore, its backup is not required.
When performing the backup operation, the PDA 110 copies its registry 111, the PIM data 114, the user-installed application program DLL 113, and various application programs and its application data 115 into the backup data file 130. After the backup data file 130 is loaded into the PDA 120, the data in the backup data file 130 is restored, such that the registry 121a, the PIM data 124a, the application program DLL 123a, and various application programs and its application data 125a are replaced with the registry 121b, the PIM data 124b, the application program DLL 123b, and various application programs and its application data 125b.
The system setup and hardware device drivers among different PDAs are not all the same. Therefore, if the data is just roughly restored (replaced) by using the above method, the system may be crashed due to the difference among the PDA hardware, the system file/device driver, the registry, the application program as well as the difference existed in various application programs.
Further, even the system crash problem mentioned above does not exist, for example, in the case of restoring the backup data to the same PDA, in the conventional art, in order to restore the data, it is required to install a backup/restore program which is used in generating the backup data file (it is because all programs are disappeared after the hardware is reset). Therefore, it is very inconvenient to the user.


An image forming device is provided with: a zoom lens system TL that performs magnification varying by changing the distance between the lens units; and an image sensor SR that converts an optical image formed by the zoom lens system TL into an electric signal. The zoom lens system TL includes at least a negative first lens unit GR1 and a positive second lens unit GR2, and at least the first lens unit GR1 and the second lens unit GR2 move in zooming from the wide angle end (W) to the telephoto end (T). The second lens unit GR2 includes three lens elements of, from the object side, a positive meniscus lens element L21 convex to the object side, a negative lens element L22 and a positive lens element L23, and the following condition is satisfied:−1.0<(CR1−CR2)/(CR1+CR2)<0.0(CR1 is the front radius of curvature of the most object side lens element L21 in the second lens unit GR2, and CR2 is the rear radius of curvature of the most object side lens element L21 in the second lens unit GR2).

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image forming device, and more specifically, relates to an image forming device that optically forms an image of the subject by a zoom lens system and outputs it as an electric signal by capturing the image by an image sensor, above all, an image forming device having a high-performance and small-size zoom lens system.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, digital cameras with which images can be easily captured have been becoming widespread with the spread of personal computers. Accordingly, smaller-size digital cameras have been demanded, and it has been demanded that taking lens systems be smaller in size. On the other hand, since the number of pixels of image sensors tends to increase year by year, high optical performance corresponding to the increased number of pixels of the image sensors and ease of manufacture capable of handling the reduction in product cycle are required of taking lens systems. Moreover, since image magnification variation, particularly optical magnification variation with little image degradation is also required of general consumer digital cameras, various types of zoom lens systems have previously been proposed in order to meet the requirements for smaller size and higher performance, and an example thereof is disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0138245.
However, in conventional zoom lens systems like that proposed in the above-mentioned patent application publication, it is difficult to simultaneously satisfy the conflicting requirements for smaller size, higher performance and ease of manufacture.


Apparatus is provided to monitor fuel level in a tank or tanks, and to monitor fuel pumped from multiple dispensers; and outputs from the monitoring equipment are processed to determine unwanted loss of fuel from the tank, and to determine fuel delivered to the tank.

During the time that liquid fuel is not dispensed from an underground tank, leakage can be detected by observing changes in the liquid top surface level in the tank. However, if liquid fuel is being intermittently dispensed from the tank, as via a pump and metering means, it is clear that changes in top surface level liquid fuel in the tank do not per se reflect leakage. There is need for accurate, reliable and simple means to monitor both liquid level in the tank as well as the amount of liquid dispensed from the tank for supply to multiple dispensers in order to arrive at an accurate determination of any such "unwanted loss". The latter can arise for example from drainage through small holes in the tank, or from pilferage from the tank, as via an inlet to the tank or leakage from hoses or lines leading from the tank to the dispenser.
There is also need for equipment to accurately monitor and report, for predetermined recording periods, gross and net fuel volumes, average fuel temperature in the tank, volumes of fuel deliveries received in the tank; and volume of fuel dispensed, as via the multiple dispensers.

System to monitor multiple fuel dispensers and fuel supply tank


Method for adapting a 3D model (m) of an object, said method comprising the steps of                performing at least one projection of said 3D model to obtain at least one 2D image model projection (p1) with associated depth information (d1),        performing at least one state extraction operation on said at least one 2D image model projection (p1), thereby obtaining at least one state (s1)        adapting said at least one 2D image model projection (p1) and said associated depth information (d1) in accordance with said at least one state (s1) and with a target state (s), thereby obtaining at least one adapted 2D image model (p1′) and an associated adapted depth (d1′)        back-projecting said at least one adapted 2D image model (p1′) to 3D, based on said associated adapted depth (d1′) for thereby obtaining an adapted 3D model (m′).

3D model adaptation is usually done in a manual way, which is generally not desirable. Another way to adapt a 3D model makes use of state adaptation, which concerns the adaptation of the 3D model in order to comply with a certain state. The state affects the 3D position of the shape and/or the appearance such as the texture of certain parts or features of the model. Again a major problem with present techniques for 3D model state adaptation is that the number of features to be adapted in 3D is usually very high, such that again manual intervention is often required due to insufficient computing resources. Moreover state-of-the-art techniques are limited to using rigged models, which presents a severe limitation for use in dynamic systems where models can be learned such that their shape can also vary during the learning process.

Method and arrangement for 3-dimensional image model adaptation


A fixing structure of a light emitting diode includes an opening part formed in the fixing plate, the opening part being where the light emitting diode is inserted and extending in a fixing direction perpendicular to an inserting direction; a first engaging part configured to engage one of a surface and a rear surface of the brim part in a state where the light emitting diode is fixed; a second engaging part configured to engage another one of the surface and the rear surface of the brim part in the state where the light emitting diode is fixed; and a third engaging part configured to engage the light emitting part of the light emitting diode in the state where the light emitting diode is fixed so that detachment of the light emitting diode in a direction opposite to the fixing direction is prevented.

Since, normally, consumption of electric power by light emitting diodes is low and various kinds of light emitting colors have been provided, the light emitting diodes have been widely used for display parts or the like of electronic apparatuses. In addition, various kinds of external configurations of the light emitting diodes such as a cannonball type, a chip type, or a multi-segment type have been suggested. As the display part of the above-mentioned electronic apparatuses, the cannonball type light emitting diode has been widely used because the cannonball type light emitting diode can be easily handled and the manufacturing cost of the cannonball type light emitting diode is low.
FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 illustrate an example of a cannonball type light emitting diode. A cannonball type light emitting diode 1 includes a light emitting part 2, a brim part 3, leads 4 and others.
The light emitting part 2 is formed by sealing a light emitting diode element with resin. The light emitting diode 1 emits light by the light emitting part 2. The light emitting part 2 has a cylindrical-shaped configuration having a spherical-shaped end.
In addition, the diameter of the brim part 3 is larger than that of the light emitting part 2. Therefore, a step part is formed between the light emitting part 2 and the brim part 3. In addition, the leads 4 extend from a rear surface side of the brim part 3. The leads 4 are connected to a light emitting diode element. In the following description, a step surface formed between the light emitting part 2 and the brim part 3 is called a surface 3a and a surface where the leads 4 extend is called a rear surface 3b.
There are two methods for fixing the light emitting diode 1 to an electronic apparatus. One is a method where the light emitting diode 1 is provided on a circuit board and then the circuit board is fixed to a housing of the electronic apparatus. The other one is a method discussed at Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application Publication No. 2-129972 where the light emitting diode 1 is directly fixed to the housing of the electronic apparatus. Light coming from the light emitting diode 1 has a high directivity. Therefore, if the light emitting diode fixed on the circuit board has a positional shift such as an inclination, it may not be possible to properly display due to lack of brightness.
In the method where the light emitting diode 1 is provided on the circuit board and then the circuit board is fixed to the housing of the electronic apparatus, manufacturing error may occur both when the light emitting diode 1 is provided on the circuit board and when the circuit board is fixed to the housing. Accordingly, it is general practice to use the method where the light emitting diode 1 is directly fixed to the housing of the electronic apparatus as the method for fixing the light emitting diode 1.
FIG. 3 through FIG. 5 illustrate a structure of a first related art example where the light emitting diode 1 is directly fixed to a housing 10A of an electronic apparatus. In this fixing structure of the first related art example, the light emitting diode is fixed to the housing 10A by using a bushing 20.
An inserting hole 11 is formed in the housing 10A. The bushing 20 is inserted in the inserting hole 11. The bush 20 includes, as illustrated in FIG. 5, a ring-shaped base part 21, projection parts 22 and arm parts 23 extending from the base part 21 in the direction indicated by an arrow X2, and an inserting hole part 25 formed inside the projection parts 22 and the arm parts 23. In addition, claw parts 24 projecting toward the inside are formed at end parts of the arm parts 23.
In order to fix the light emitting diode 1 to the housing 10A, first, the bushing 20 is inserted in the inserting hole 11 in the direction indicated by the arrow X2 from the surface side of the housing 10A. Then, the light emitting diode 1 is inserted from the rear surface side of the housing 10A into the inserting hole part 25 in the direction indicated by an arrow X1. As a result of this, the light emitting diode 1 enters in the direction indicated by the arrow X1 while the light emitting diode 1 pushes and extends the claw parts 24 (the brim parts 23). When the brim parts 23 get over the claw parts 24, the brim parts 23 are sandwiched between the projection parts 22 and the claw parts 24 so that the light emitting diode 1 is fixed to the housing 10A. At this time, the light emitting part 2 is supported by an internal wall of the inserting hole part 25.
FIG. 6 through FIG. 8 illustrate a structure of a second related art example where the light emitting diode 1 is directly fixed to a housing 10B of an electronic apparatus. In the fixing structure of the second related art example, the light emitting diode 1 is fixed to the housing 10B without using the bushing 20.
A columnar-shaped part 12 is formed at a rear surface side of the housing 10B so as to extend in upper and lower directions. An inserting hole 11 is formed so as to match the columnar-shaped part 12. In addition, arm parts 14 are formed so as to extend from both side parts of the inserting hole 11 in the direction indicated by an arrow X2. Claw parts 15 are formed at head end parts of the arm parts 14.
In order to fix the light emitting diode 1 to the housing 10B, the light emitting diode 1 is inserted from the rear surface side of the housing 10B into the inserting hole 11 in the direction indicated by an arrow X1. As a result of this, the light emitting diode 1 enters in the direction indicated by the arrow X1 while the light emitting diode 1 pushes and extends the claw parts 15 (the arm parts 14). When the brim parts 3 get over the claw parts 15, the brim parts 3 are sandwiched between the columnar-shaped parts 12 (edge parts 12a relative to the inserting hole 11) and the claw parts 15 so that the light emitting diode 1 is fixed to the housing 10B. At this time, the light emitting part 2 is supported by a supporting part 13 of the columnar-shaped parts 12.
However, in the structures of the first and the second related art examples where the light emitting diode 1 is inserted in directions perpendicular to the housings 10A and 10B, namely in the direction indicated by the arrow X1, and fixed, the arms parts 14 and 23 are long and therefore are low-strength.
Because of this, in the case where the claw parts 15 and 24 are pushed and extended so that the arm parts 14 and 23 are deformed and thereby the light emitting diode 1 is fixed to the housing 10A or 10B, the bases of the arm parts 14 and 23 (parts indicated by an arrow A in FIG. 5 and FIG. 8) are degraded so that they may be damaged (broken). If the arm parts 14 and 23 are degraded or damaged (broken) when the light emitting diode 1 is fixed, the light emitting diode 1 may be detached from the housing 10A or 10B by low impact at the time of transportation.
Furthermore, in a case where the light emitting diode 1 malfunctions so that it should be exchanged, loads are applied to the arm part 14 or 23 again at the time of exchange. Because of this, the arm parts 14 and 23 may be degraded or damaged (broken). It may be necessary to exchange the bushing 20 and housing 10B simultaneously with the light emitting diode 1.
In addition, in the fixing structure of the first related art example, it is necessary to provide the bushing 20 separately from the housing 10A. Therefore, the number of components is increased so that the manufacturing cost of the components is increased.

Fixing structure of light emitting diode and electronic apparatus


The present invention discloses a side structure of a bare LED and a backlight module thereof, wherein the backlight module is preferably a light source of a display device such as an LCD device. The backlight module includes a flat plate covered with a thermally conductive dielectric material, a plurality of the side structures of the bare LEDs placed on the flat plate and in contact with the thermally conductive dielectric material, and a plurality of reflection parts also placed on the flat plate, each side structure of each bare LED includes a bare LED and two electrically conductive materials coupled to two bonding pads of the side structure of the bare LED respectively, and positioned on the flat plate therefor.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a structure of a bare light-emitting diode and a backlight module including a plurality of the bare light-emitting diodes, and more particularly to a side structure of the bare light-emitting diode and a backlight module including a plurality of the side structure of the bare light-emitting diodes.
2. Description of Related Art
A light-emitting diode (LED) is an active light source which has advantages of high efficiency, low power consumption, high brightness and compact volume, so the LED has become well known as an excellent light source. Furthermore, a plurality of LEDs can be arranged on a plate to form a planar light source, or even a colored planar light source or a white planar light source by combining red, green, blue or another color LEDs, so as to serve as the backlight source of a flat panel display.
Referring to FIG. 1, a traditionally bare LED 10 is composed of a quantity of layers of elements including an anode bonding pad 12 for electrical connection to the positive electrode of an external power source and a cathode bonding pad 22 for connection to the negative electrode of the external power source. In addition, there are a GaAs substrate 14, a P-type epitaxy layer 16, an active layer 18 and an N-type epitaxy layer 20 disposed in order between the anode bonding pad 12 and the cathode bonding pad 22. It is well known that the GaAs is just an exemplary material herein, a transparent material such as GaP can be used for replacing the GaAs substrate 14.
When power is supplied from the external power source, an electrical current is fed to the anode bonding pad 12 of the traditionally bare LED 10 and outputted from the cathode bonding pad 22 of the traditionally bare LED 10 to form an electrical loop. When electrons meet electronic holes in the active layer 18, optical energy is discharged so that the traditionally bare LED 10 is illuminated. Even so, the traditionally bare LED 10 can't supply an optimal brightness because both the anode bonding pad 12 and the cathode bonding pad 22 are both made of nontransparent materials.
Nevertheless, many patents have disclosed methods to form a planar light source by incorporating a quantity of the traditionally bare LEDs 10. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 6,666,567, entitled "Methods and apparatus for a light source with a raised LED", discloses a packaged structure of a raised LED and method of making same, wherein a raised LED 400 comprises a diode 402 and which is encased in a translucent rectangular package 404, shown in FIG. 2. The translucent rectangular package 404 has a support system 450 on the two sides thereof to support the raised LED 400 above a floor 410. The support system 405 includes L-brackets 406 and 408 connecting to a lead frame 412 at both ends of the diode 402 so as to electrically connect to the input terminal and the output terminal of the external power. Although the raised LED 400 provides more light beams than the traditional bare LED 10, heat dissipation now becomes a problem. Also, the translucent rectangular package 404 increases the overall size of the raised LED 400. Therefore, the LED structure will not meet with the user's requirements for high-brightness bare LED and high-brightness active light source composed of LEDs.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide an improved/side-mounted structure of a light-emitting diode bare chip and a backlight module having the side-mounted light-emitting diode bare chip to mitigate and/or obviate the aforementioned problems.

Side structure of a bare LED and backlight module thereof

Industrial Technology Research Institute


A method for making an electrode active material of a lithium ion battery is provided. A sulfur grafted poly(pyridinopyridine) is synthesized. The sulfur grafted poly(pyridinopyridine) includes a poly(pyridinopyridine) matrix and a plurality of poly-sulfur groups dispersed in the poly(pyridinopyridine) matrix. The electrically conductive polymer is coated on a surface of the sulfur grafted poly(pyridinopyridine). An electrode active material of a lithium ion battery is also provided.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to electrode active materials of lithium ion batteries and methods for making the same.
2. Description of Related Art
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is a high polymer composed of a saturated carbon skeleton containing cyano groups on alternate carbon atoms. PAN itself is not conductive but can be sulfurized to form sulfurized polyacrylonitrile which is conductive and chemically active. Specifically, the PAN powder and sulfur powder are mixed to form a mixture. The mixture is then heated, thereby forming sulfurized polyacrylonitrile. The sulfurized polyacrylonitrile can be used as a cathode active material of a lithium ion battery and has a high discharge capacity initially.
However, as the number of cycling of the lithium ion battery increases, the discharge capacity of the lithium ion battery decreases dramatically, which induces a relatively low capacity retention of the lithium ion battery. In some cases, the discharge capacity of the lithium ion battery decreases from 906.4 mAh at the first cycle to 740.0 mAh at the 20th cycle. The capacity retention of the lithium ion battery after 20 cycles is only about 81.7%.
What is needed, therefore, is to provide an electrode active material of a lithium ion battery and a method for making the same, the electrode active material has a relatively high specific capacity and capacity retention.

Electrode active material of lithium ion battery and method for making the same


A snow-removal, such as a snow shovel, snow plow and the like, includes a heated blade. The snow-removal device might also provide a selection of temperature settings for the heated blade. The snow-removal device at least fluidizes the snow when the blade slices into it, whereby the fluidized snow lubricates the interface region between the blade and the snow, diminishing the physical effort required.

A conventional snow shovel is a hand implement or tool used to manually transfer snow from one spot or location to another. When clearing a sidewalk of snow, for instance, the common use of a snow shovel entails a repetitious scooping up of snow from the sidewalk area. Then each shovel-full of snow must be deposited or discarded at an adjacent or at least nearby location, such as a bordering lawn area. This commonplace task is far from effortless. Snow has a relatively high density, even when loosely packed. Compacted snow and "wet" snow (snow that contains a fraction of liquid water) has an even higher density. The density of snow varies from about 0.05 d.sub.w to about 0.25 d.sub.w, wherein "d.sub.w " is the density of room temperature liquid water.
The normal toilsome shoveling action of slicing into a snow pile, lifting from under a significant shovel-full of snow, and then transporting that snow balanced on the shovel blade in an elevated position to the point at which it is heaved to the side, is a significant manual effort. It is a significant manual effort that is repeated many times in the clearing of even a small area. The benefits of a even a minor physical relief during each shoveling action multiplies into a considerable degree of relief over the course of the snow cleanup.
A conventional snow plow is a power implement or machine used for the bulk transfer snow from one spot or location to another. When clearing a sidewalk of snow for instance, the common use of a snow plow entails a repetitious pushing, and/or sidling, sections of the snow to an adjacent or at least nearby location, such as a bordering lawn area. This commonplace task is requires less manual exertion than shoveling, but nonetheless is also far from effortless and is a strain on the snowplow itself. The benefits of a even a minor physical relief (corporal and/or mechanical) during the plowing action also multiplies into a considerable degree of relief over the course of the snow cleanup.


A miniature gas stove support mainly including lower seat and upper locating ring distantly connected to one another by vertical bars, three equally spaced outward inclined legs connected to a bottom of the seat, and multiple petal-shaped wind shielding members connected to and along a top of the locating ring. Bolts are threaded downward to screw the locating ring and the vertical bars together while head portions of the bolts project from the locating ring to adjustably support a cooking utensil above a burner of the miniature gas stove. The petal-shaped wind shielding members fixed along the locating ring effectively shield the burner from wind to avoid undesired extinguishment of fire.

The present invention relates to a miniature gas stove support, and more particularly to gas stove support that not only stably supports a miniature gas stove but also effectively shields the same from wind.
A miniature gas stove is frequently used in outdoor activities, such as mountaineering and camping, but is preferably fixed in place and shielded from wind. FIG. 1 illustrates an ordinary miniature gas stove 1 that is fixed in place by disposing it within a supporting frame 13 and is shielded from wind by positioning a foldable wind shielding screen 14 to one side of the miniature gas stove 1. When the supporting frame 13 is not available, a user would possibly fix the miniature gas stove 1 in place only by fuel tanks connected to a bottom of the miniature gas stove 1. The miniature gas stove 1 usually has a structure that would result in a distance between a burner of the miniature gas stove 1 and a cooking utensil (not shown) positioned on the miniature gas stove 1 above the burner. The distance between the burner and the cooking utensil would adversely reduce a heating efficiency of the miniature gas stove 1. Moreover, the supporting frame 13 and the wind shielding screen 14 are not conveniently portable and can not be easily erected to stand stably when they are positioned on an uneven ground. Therefore, such conventional supporting frame 13 and wind shielding screen 14 have only limited function in respect of supporting and shielding the miniature gas stove 1.

No.15, Lane 171, SSU Wei Rd., Wu Ku Country


A wall structure for fuel-cooled engine walls, with a cooling structure having an inner wall to which hot gas is admitted; an outer wall located at a spaced location therefrom; as well as a plurality of webs, which connect the two walls and divide the intermediate space between the walls into cooling channels (19), and with a support structure in the form of at least one stable outer jacket. The cooling structure is slotted from the outside in the area of each web, wherein the slots (22) pass through the outer walls and the centers of the webs into the area of the inner wall. The support structure is designed as an elastically nonrigid support structure at least in the area joining the cooling structure and/or is located at a spaced location from the cooling structure.

A corresponding wall structure for combustion chambers and thrust nozzles of liquid-fueled rocket engines has been known from, e.g., DE-PS 17 51 691. The cooling channels are incorporated in the wall structure described there in a one-piece basic body made of a material having good thermal conductivity, preferably copper, so that the hot gas-side inner wall and the radial webs between the cooling channels are integrally connected and consist of the same material. A layer of the same material as the basic body is applied as a thin outer wall to the webs from the outside by electroplating. This layer also acts as an adhesive layer for the relatively thick-walled outer jacket/pressure jacket made of a high-strength material having poor thermal conductivity, preferably nickel, which is subsequently applied by electroplating. This outer jacket also absorbs essentially the loads arising from the internal pressure in the combustion chamber and the nozzle via the webs and the thin outer wall.
The following processes take place during the operation of such a wall structure: Hydrogen having a temperature of, e.g., 30 to 200 K flows through the cooling channels, and the load-bearing outer jacket assumes approximately this temperature and its diameter even shrinks. This effect is further reinforced by stratification effects in the cooling agent, whose temperature increases at the inner bottom of the channel, i.e., at the inner wall, but remains relatively low in the outer zones. The temperature of the inner wall, which is made thin to ensure good heat transmission to the cooling agent, increases under the thermal load of the combustion space or of the nozzle due to the hot combustion gases, seeks to expand, but it is prevented from doing so by the counterpressure of the cold, rigid outer wall via the webs. As a result, the material of the inner wall flows in the direction of the transition areas to the webs. The longer the combustion time, the more pronounced is this effect. It stops only when the thermally induced stresses have decreased to the limit of elasticity. Thus, the radial wall thickness of the inner wall, which is thin anyway, decreases further approximately in the middle between the webs.
In the case of cutoff of the engine, the combustion is first terminated in the combustion space for safety reasons by shutting off the oxygen supply, whereas the hydrogen flowing through the cooling channels still continues to flow briefly. The thin inner wall is immediately cooled intensely because of its low heat capacity, which now leads to a high tensile load in it. This may lead to cracking in the weakened middle zones of the inner wall in a relatively short time, at least after repeated start-ups and prolonged burn times, and this cracking acutely jeopardizes the function of the combustion chamber or the nozzle and may lead to their complete destruction.
The manufacture of a regeneratively cooled rocket combustion chamber by electroforming by means of an electroplating core is described in DE-PS 21 37 109. The cooling structure manufactured in this manner has a thin inner wall, a thick, stable outer wall, and a plurality of webs, which extend radially between the inner wall and the outer wall, divide the intermediate space into a corresponding number of cooling channels, and mechanically support the inner wall. To reduce the thermal stresses in the area of the inner wall/webs, there are slots which are open toward the hot gas side and extend through the inner wall and the centers of the webs into the area of the outer wall. The inner wall, which is thus divided into a plurality of narrow strips with open "expansion joints" between them, is thus able to expand and contract relatively freely, i.e., to adapt itself to the thermal conditions. However, it should be borne in mind that the hot gases can penetrate into the gaps at least temporarily, so that hot gases are admitted to each cooling channel from one of three sides (1.times.inner wall, 2.times.webs). This results in an--at least temporarily--increased thermal load of the cooling structure. The corner areas of the inner wall/web are especially critical in terms of design. Due to the known, small dimensions of the cooling channel cross sections (a few mm in height and width), it is practically impossible to select exactly constant wall thicknesses, corner radii, etc., here. Weak points are thus unintentionally "preprogrammed," along with the risk of burnout and even structural failure. To counteract this risk, the middle wall thickness must again be increased, or the accuracy of manufacture must be improved. It might be obvious that the advantage of this design, which was initially suspected, is extensively eliminated by the above-mentioned drawbacks.

Wall structure for fuel-cooled rocket engine walls


A splint for immobilizing the arm of a patient prior to transporting the patient to a site for further medical treatment. The splint includes a number of adjustable length arms which can be locked in fixed positions with thumbscrews.

The present invention relates to medical equipment and more particularly splints applied to broken or fractured arms.
It is often necessary to immobilize a broken or fracture bone in an arm or the like prior to transporting a patient to a site where further medical treatment can be performed. It would be a benefit, therefore, to have a splint which could be easily and rapidly attached to a limb suspected of having a broken or fractured bone. Because movement of the limb when applying the splint can further aggravate any injuries, it would be a further benefit if the splint could be applied to the patient""s limb in a manner that would not require substantial movement of the limb.
It is thus an object of the invention to provide a Hamill splint for immobilizing a limb suspected of having a broken or fractured bone. The splint is easily and rapidly attached to the limb to immobilize the limb for transport to a medical treatment facility. It is further an object of the invention to provide a splint which can be applied to a limb suspected of having a broken or fractured bone that did not require substantial movement of the arm to apply.
Accordingly, a Hamill splint is provided that has round or curved head and three extending support arms. Each of the support arms is telescopic in design and fixable in length by an incorporated thumbscrew on each arm. The end of each arm is flared to prevent the end from scratching or pinching the flesh of the user. The center support arm is off set (lower) from the other arm creating a central cradle for the limb of the user. Velcro straps are provided to secure the splint to the arm. As an option the splint could be available in different sized or adjustable middle support arm to adjust to the left and right arms. Finger clips could also be provided to secure the fingers to immobilize them if necessary. A hand cushion could also be provided in the hand area if so desired.


An electric cable cutter used with a hand-held tool includes a housing; a pair of cutting blades supported by the housing; a pair of orthogonal gears; a drive shaft with an eccentric shaft portion attached to an output gear of the pair of orthogonal gears; a differential gear mechanism which decelerates a rotation of the drive shaft; and an Oldham coupling which corrects an eccentric rotation of an output gear of the differential gear mechanism. A circular-arc-shaped outer surface of the one cutting blade is supported by the other cutting blade so as to be openable and closable. The pair of cutting blades is provided with an outer toothed portion engaging with an output gear of the Oldham coupling. An input gear of the pair of orthogonal gears is connected through an adapter pin to the hand-held tool attachable and detachable through a one-touch operation.

A cable cutter is largely classified into three types, that is, a manual type, a hydraulic type, and an electric type, and each type has strong and weak points. The first manual type cutter has strong points that the maintenance and the management of the cutter may be performed easily and the cost of the cutter is reasonable, but has a weak point that the operator's physical burden is required. The second hydraulic cutter has a strong point that the operator's physical burden may be reduced, but has weak points that a problem in maintenance such as an oil leak of the cutter occurs, the cutter may not be easily carried due to the weight of the cutter, and the cost of the cutter increases. The third electric cutter also has a strong point that the operator's physical burden may be reduced, but has a weak point that the cost of the cutter is particularly high because the cutter currently available in the market is a specialized tool integrated with a power output unit and the broken cutter needs to be repaired by a maker.
Therefore, in consideration of the above-described circumstances, there is proposed an attachment type cable cutter which obtains a power source in a standard hand-held type electric drill and uses the cable cutter by the electricity obtained through the connection of the cable cutter with respect to the electric drill (for example, see Patent Literature 1).
Although not illustrated in the drawings in detail, the electric cable cutter includes a housing which serves as a gear box, a pair of fixed and movable cutting blades which is supported by the housing so as to relatively rotate, a drive shaft which rotatably extends from the housing and is detachably connected to a chuck of an electric drill, a worm which is attached into the housing and rotates along with the drive shaft, a main shaft which is attached to the housing so as to rotate therein, a worm wheel which is attached to the main shaft and engages with the worm, and a driving gear which is attached to the main shaft and engages with an outer toothed portion of the movable cutting blade.
In addition, the fixed cutting blade and the movable cutting blade which are supported by the housing are configured as a handcuff type, the base end of the fixed cutting blade is fixed to the housing, and the movable cutting blade is axially supported by the front end of the fixed cutting blade so as to be rotatable. However, the fixed cutting blade is positioned at the upper side of the movable cutting blade, and the movable cutting blade is axially supported while being positioned at the lower side of the fixed cutting blade. Then, when the worm is rotated by the drive shaft to which the power of the hand-held type electric drill is input, the worm wheel and the driving gear rotate through the main shaft, and the movable cutting blade rotates while its outer toothed portion engages with the driving gear, so that the cable is cut by male and female blade portions formed at the inner edges of the respective cutting blades.
Further, a cylindrical portion is laterally formed at the lower side of the housing, holding tools for holding ends of a grip handle and a fixed arm are inserted from both sides of the cylindrical portion so as to be screw-connected to both ends, one end of the fixed arm is fitted into a through-hole of the holding tool, and the other end of the fixed arm is fitted to a handle of the electric drill.
Then, when actually cutting the cable, the drive shaft is connected to the chuck of the electric drill, the cable cutter is attached to the electric drill, the cable passes through a void space defined between the movable cutting blade and the fixed cutting blade, the outer toothed portion of the movable cutting blade engages with the driving gear, and an operator grips the grip handle by a left hand and switches on the electric drill while gripping the handle of the electric drill by a right hand, so that the movable cutting blade automatically rotates until the void space becomes zero. Accordingly, the cable is automatically cut by the movable cutting blade and the fixed cutting blade.


A buffer memory device comprising memory locations for successively storing successive groups of data units, the successive groups being presented during successive phases, the data units in each group having different buffer periods which are recurrent for all groups. A modulo address generator generates, for each group of data units, a series of addresses for selected locations in a memory wherein the data units will be stored, there being logic address intervals between the successive addresses in the relevant series which correspond to the buffer periods of the respective data units. In every two successive series the memory addresses are shifted by one address interval unit with respect to each other. An efficient data occupation of the memory can thus be realized with simple addressing, since the write addresses during any phase can be used as the read addresses for already stored data units. The buffer device can be used as an interleaver or de interleaver for error correction in CD apparatus.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a data buffer having memory locations for the buffering of successive groups of data units, presented during successive phases, for the duration of buffer periods which are recurrent for each group.
2. The Related Art
An example of a general device of this type forms a portion of a compact disc player including encoders and decoders for error correction, as outlined in: "The Compact Disc Formats: Technology and Applications", K. Pohlmann, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 36, No. 4, April 1988, pages 250-287. The encoders as well as the decoders are based on the "cross-interleaved Reed-Solomon code"; to this end, each encoder and decoder comprises a so-called "interleaver" having twenty-eight delay lines for respectively delaying a corresponding number of data units, each for the duration of a mutually different buffer period.
Preferably, a buffer device of this kind is constructed so as to require as small a memory as possible. Furthermore, the addressing of the memory is preferably as simple as possible in view of the computing capacity required for control of the device. Therefore, it is inter alia an object of the invention to provide a buffer device of the kind described which offers more efficient memory use and is simple to address.

Data buffer for the duration of cyclically recurrent buffer periods


A process for detecting a nucleic acid sequence in a sample comprising:. (1) treating said sample under hybridization conditions with an oligonucleotide that lacks a recognition site for enzyme digestion; PA0 (2) extending the hybridization product from step (1) by adding polymerase and NTPs to create on the oligonucleotide strand a recognition site for enzyme digestion; PA0 (3) treating the product of step (2) with labeled probe, which is immobilized or immobilizable and which contains a recognition site for enzyme digestion that is completely or partially complementary to the recognition site for enzyme digestion on the oligonucleotide strand, under conditions that the oligonucleotide strand becomes hybridized to the labeled probe; PA0 (4) digesting the separated hybridization product of step (3) with restriction endonuclease; and PA0 (5) detecting the separated label which is released in solution. A kit for use in detecting the presence of a nucleic acid sequence in a sample, which comprises (1) labeled probe, (2) an oligonucleotide sequence for extension, and (3) a restriction endonuclease is also disclosed.

1. Field of the Invention
The ability to synthesize oligonucleotide sequences at will and to clone polynucleotide sequences prepared by synthetic procedures or obtained from naturally occurring sources has greatly expanded the opportunities for detecting the presence of specific sequences in an extended oligonucleotide sequence. Interest in the specific sequences may involve the diagnosis of the presence of pathogens, the determination of the presence of alleles, the presence of lesions in a host genome, the detection of a particular mRNA or the monitoring of a modification of a cellular host, to mention only a few opportunities. While the use of antibodies to perform assays diagnostic of the presence of various antigens in samples has seen an explosive expansion in techniques and protocols since the advent of radioimmunoassay, there has been until recently no parallel activity in the area of the DNA probes. Therefore, for the most part, detection of sequences has involved various hybridization techniques requiring the binding of a polynucleotide sequence to a support and employing a radiolabeled probe.
In view of the increasing capability to produce oligonucleotide sequences in large amounts in an economical way, the attention of investigators will be directed to providing for simple, accurate and efficient techniques for detecting specific oligonucleotide sequences. Desirably, these techniques will be rapid, minimize the opportunity for technician error, be capable of automation, and allow for simple and accurate methods of detection. Toward this end, there have already been efforts to provide for means to label oligonucleotide probes with labels other than radioisotopes and for improving the accuracy of transfer of DNA sequences to a support from a gel, as well as improved methods for derivatizing oligonucleotide to allow for binding to a label. There continues to be a need for providing new protocols which allow for flexibility in detecting DNA sequences of interest in a variety of situations where the DNA may come from diverse sources.
2. Description of the Related Art
Meinkoth and Wahl, Anal. Biochemistry (1984) 138:267-284, provide an excellent review of hybridization techniques. Leary et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1983) 80:4045-4049, describe the use of biotinylated DNA in conjunction with an avidin-enzyme conjugate for detection of specific oligonucleotide sequences. Ranki et al., Gene (1983) 21:77-85, describe what they refer to as a "sandwich" hybridization for detection of oligonucleotide sequences. Pfeuffer and Helmrich, J. of Biol. Chem. (1975) 250:867-876, describe the coupling of guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) to Sepharose 4B. Bauman, et al., J. of Histochem. and Cytochem. (1981) 29:227-237, describe the 3'-labeling of RNA with fluorescers. PCT Application WO/8302277 describes the addition to DNA fragments of modified ribonucleotides for labeling and methods for analyzing such DNA fragments. Renz and Kurz, Nucl. Acids Res. (1984) 12:3435-3444, describe the covalent linking of enzymes to oligonucleotides. Wallace, DNA Recombinant Technology (Woo, S., Ed.) CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., provides a general background of the use of probes in diagnosis. Chou and Merigan, N. Eng. J. of Med. (1983) 308:921-925, describe the use of a radioisotope labeled probe for the detection of CMV. Methods in Enzymol., 34B, 24 (1974) 30-59, describes procedures for linking to polyamides, while Parikh, et al., Methods in Enzymol., 34B, 24 (1974) 77-102, describe coupling reactions with agarose. Alwine, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1977) 74:5350-5354, describe a method of transferring oligonucleotides from gels to a solid support for hybridization. Chu, et al., Nucl. Acids Res. (1983) 11:6513-6529, describe a technique for derivatizing terminal nucleotides. Ho, et al., Biochemistry (1981) 20:64-67, describe derivatizing terminal nucleotides through phosphate to form esters. Ashley and MacDonald, Anal. Biochem. (1984) 140:95-103, report a method for preparing probes from a surface bound template. These references which describe techniques are incorporated herein by reference in support of the preparation of labeled oligonucleotides.
EP 360940 describes methods for the detection of specific nucleotide sequences employing a solid support, at least one label, and hybridization involving a sample and a labeled probe, where the presence or absence of duplex formation results in the ability to modify the spatial relationship between the support and label(s). Exemplary of the technique is to provide a cleavage site between the label and support through duplexing of a labeled probe and sample DNA, where the duplex is bound to a support. The cleavage site may then be cleaved resulting in separation of the support and the label(s). Detection of the presence or absence of the label may then proceed in accordance with conventional techniques, e.g., by measuring the amount of label freed into a surrounding medium.

Amplification method for polynucleotide assays


A stored procedure call may be transmitted to a database to execute a database query. As a result of the stored procedure call, results including a result record satisfying the database query and a set of records related to the result record may be received. The results may be stored in a local cache.

Database management systems (DBMSs) are specially designed software applications that interact with the user, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a DBMS that is based on the relational database model. Some relational database systems allow the use of stored procedures. A stored procedure is a subroutine available to applications that access a relational database system.

Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP


Methods and apparatus for wireless communication in a mobile device that includes relinquishing a client side high level operation system (HLOS) internet protocol (IP) context of a user equipment (UE), when the UE, connected to a network via a Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) connection, is transported to a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) connection area. Aspects of the methods and apparatus include maintaining a Packet Data Protocol (PDP) context of the UE, when the UE, connected to the network via the WWAN connection, is transported to a WLAN connection area. Aspects of the methods and apparatus include setting a linger timer for a certain period of time to defer deactivation of the PDP context and deactivating the PDP context when the linger timer expires.

1. Field
Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communication systems, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for reducing signaling spikes due to smartphones when moving between a Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) to a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) WLAN coverage areas, thereby providing consistent service in a wireless communication system.
2. Background
Wireless communication networks are widely deployed to provide various communication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, and so on. Such networks, which are usually multiple access networks, support communications for multiple users by sharing the available network resources. One example of such a network is the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN). The UTRAN is the radio access network (RAN) defined as a part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a third generation (3G) mobile phone technology supported by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The UMTS, which is the successor to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) technologies, currently supports various air interface standards, such as Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA), Time Division-Code Division Multiple Access (TD-CDMA), and Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA). The UMTS also supports enhanced 3G data communications protocols, such as High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), which provides higher data transfer speeds and capacity to associated UMTS networks.
There is a possibility for UMTS/General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) networks to experience signaling spikes during rush hour when people in public transport leave or arrive in transit stations, aspects of this apparatus and method include improving signaling response of a UMTS/GPRS network. The signaling spikes occur since all smart phones will connect to the WLAN when a vehicles arrives in transit station. Due to this issue, UMTS/GPRS networks experiences severe signaling to their core network, which must be addressed
Thus, aspects of this apparatus and method include reducing signaling spikes due to smartphones when moving between WLAN and WWAN coverage areas, thereby providing consistent service in a wireless communication system.

Method and apparatus to reduce signaling spikes when moving between WLAN and WWAN coverage areas