An optical mode converter has a coupling waveguide and a receiving waveguide. The coupling waveguide has at an input end a first effective refractive index and includes a tapered core of a substantially constant refractive index with a substantially square cross section at the input end, which has a size that tapers down moving away from the input end. The coupling waveguide also has a cladding at least partially surrounding the tapered core. The receiving waveguide has a second effective refractive index at an output end and includes a core of a substantially constant refractive index greater than the refractive index of the tapered core of the coupling waveguide and a cladding at least partially surrounding the core. A side surface of the tapered core of the coupling waveguide is optically in contact, in a coupling portion, with the receiving waveguide so as to allow optical coupling between the coupling waveguide and the receiving waveguide. The refractive index of the tapered core of the coupling waveguide is selected so that the first effective refractive index and the second effective refractive index differ from each other in absolute value less than 30% of the difference between the core refractive index and the effective refractive index of the receiving waveguide.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an optical coupling device. In particular, the present invention relates to an optical mode converter between a first optical waveguide and a second optical waveguide in which the two waveguides have different characteristics from each other.
2. Description of the Related Art
Said optical waveguides may be fibers, for example optical fibers of transmission lines, or planar waveguides, or integrated waveguides, for example input/output waveguides of integrated optics devices such as the output waveguide of a semiconductor laser.
Preferably, said different characteristics are different dimensions of the waveguides and/or different refractive index steps between the core and the cladding of the waveguides and/or different absolute refractive indexes between the two waveguides.
An optical beam confined in an optical waveguide propagates with a predetermined mode shape, which depends on the absolute refractive index of said waveguide, on the refractive index step (or refractive index profile) between the core and the cladding of the waveguide and on the dimensions and shape of the waveguide.
The mode shape, or mode profile, defines at least one propagation mode, typically the propagation of the fundamental mode, of the optical beam into the waveguide. In two waveguides having different characteristics, the modes associated to each waveguide are different in shape and/or in dimensions. With reference to FIG. 17, to couple an optical beam propagating in the first (launching) waveguide 2, with a first mode, to a second (receiving) waveguide 3, the dimension and/or the shape of the first mode should be changed in a way to form a second mode which propagates in the second waveguide. Preferably, the coupling is realized by means of a coupling device 4 optically coupled to the first and to the second waveguide. The coupling device acts on the mode profile of first waveguide 2, for example elliptic or circular in cross section, in a way to change its dimension and/or shape in both of two orthogonal directions and make it similar to the mode profile of the second waveguide 3. With reference to the case where the waveguide receiving the beam is a planar waveguide, we shall indicate as "vertical" a direction orthogonal to the main planar surface of the waveguide device, as "horizontal" a direction parallel to the main planar surface of the waveguide device and orthogonal to the beam propagation direction. In case of symmetric coupling (e.g. non planar waveguides) "horizontal" and "vertical" stand for any two directions orthogonal to each other and to the beam propagation direction. "Over" and "under", "top" and "bottom", "upper" and "lower" shall have a correlative meaning.
Generally, a coupling device between two waveguides with different characteristic is desirable if the coupling loss between the two waveguides without use of a coupling device is more than 0.2 dB.
I. Moerman et al. in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 3, no. 6, December 1997, pp. 1308-1320 give a review of the fabrication technologies for the monolithic integration of tapers with III-V semiconductor devices, as well as of different taper designs and performances. According to this paper, many known mode size converters consist of overlapping waveguides with one waveguide being part of, or surrounded by, a second waveguide. The optical power is coupled from one waveguide to the other by means of a tapered transition region, in which on or both of the waveguides can be tapered. According to this paper, it is important that the taper angle in the transition region is sufficiently small, to prevent coupling of power from the fundamental mode into the higher order taper modes. In such overlapping waveguide structure it is possible to change the vertical waveguide structure just by changing the lateral dimensions along the tapered section and without changing layer thickness.
GB patent application No 2,317,023 discloses a tapered rib waveguide tapering from a large, multi-mode optical waveguide to a smaller, single-mode optical waveguide, the tapered rib waveguide comprising two portions formed of the same material.
GB patent application No 2,345,980 discloses a mode shape converter having upper and lower optical rib waveguides. The core and waveguides are made of a single medium. The tapering effect in the depth direction is obtained even though only a tapering in a width direction is made.
R. S. Fan et al, in Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 17, no. 3, March 1999, pp. 466-474, disclose a tapered polymer waveguide structure for coupling light between optical waveguides with differing geometries. The disclosed 3D taper structure has linear tapers and a linear index grading. There is near adiabatic propagation if the structure is built sufficiently long.
US patent application 2002/118,916 discloses a mode transformer that enables using an embedded dual taper to achieve low-loss coupling between two waveguides, one of them having a much higher index difference than the other. The mode transformer includes a first and a second dielectric channel waveguide, each including a core with a tapered region. A portion of the second tapered region is embedded within the first tapered region, and the embedded portion of the second tapered region is completely surrounded by the first tapered region in the cross-section transverse to the mode transformation direction.
R. Zengerle et al., in Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, vol. 9, no. 6, November/December 1991, pp. 3459-3463 describe a waveguide device for spot-size transformation of an optical beam from the 1 μm range to about 8 μm using a wedge-shaped taper based on InP. The structure has on one side a typical buried rib waveguide that is compatible with a laser waveguide. The transformation structure ends in a very thin but wide output waveguide which is butt connected to the core of the single-mode fiber.
A waveguide taper structure with a similar thin but wide output, waveguide for coupling to an optical fiber is shown by R. Zengerle et al. in Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, vol. 11, no. 6, November/December 1993, pp. 2641-2644. The simple two layer structure is suitable for very low-loss chip-fiber interconnections.
Applicant has remarked that the use in mode size converters of thin and wide output waveguides for coupling to optical fibers, although useful in many respects, may give rise to polarization sensitivity for the mode size converter.
Accordingly, Applicant has studied tapered optical mode converters that include an input/output coupling waveguide with a substantially square cross section. This type of coupling waveguides has, as a further advantage, a simple alignment with optical fibers. On the contrary, thin and wide coupling waveguides of the type shows, e.g., in the two papers by R. Zengerle et al. cited above, have a mode that, although substantially round in shape, shows a sharp peak in the direction orthogonal to the "thin" side of the coupling waveguide. This can make the alignment with the mode of an optical fiber critical.
Applicant has faced the problem of reducing the length of a tapered structure for a predetermined desired value of coupling efficiency, while ensuring a smooth, i.e. almost adiabatic coupling of the optical mode between the coupling waveguide and the receiving waveguide.


A reusable cable binder including a length of shock cord, the ends of which are fixed in a terminating device, forming a loop, a bead captive on said cord, and a cord lock captive on said loop between said terminating device and said bead.

Many cable binding devices and methods of using particular ones of the same are known in the prior art. In general, such cable binding devices fall into two categories.
The first such category is that of permanent cable binding devices, such as those used in binding together the cables which jointly traverse particular legs of the cable harnesses contained within certain electronic devices.
The second one of these categories is that of temporary or reusable cable binding devices, such as are used for binding together the set of cables used in connection with a particular set of electronic devices.
The cable binders of the present invention fall within said second category.
It is to be understood, however, that the utility of the cable binders of this invention is not limited to their use in connection with the interconnecting cables of a particular set or plurality of operationally-related electronic devices. Indeed, the utility of the cable binders of the present invention is not limited to their use in connection with electrical or electronic equipment and the related cables.
The following existing patents relate generally to cable ties or binders: U.S. Pat. No. 4,498,507, issued Feb. 13, 1985, U.S. Pat. No. 5,193,251, issued Mar. 16, 1993, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,379,494, issued Jan. 10, 1995. These patents do not disclose the invention disclosed and claimed herein.
No representation or admission is made that any of the above-cited United States patents is part of the prior art, or that a search has been made, or that no more pertinent information exists.
The term "prior art" as used herein or in any statement made by or on behalf of applicant means only that any document or thing referred to as prior art bears, directly or inferentially, a date which is earlier than the effective filing date hereof.


A multilayer capacitor comprises a capacitor body; first and second inner electrodes alternately arranged in the capacitor body; and a first outer connecting conductor and first and second terminal electrodes arranged on an outer surface of the capacitor body. Each first inner electrode has a first main electrode portion and a first lead electrode portion for connecting the first main electrode portion to the first outer connecting conductor. Each second inner electrode has a second main electrode portion and a second lead electrode portion for connecting the second main electrode portion to at least one second terminal electrode. The capacitor body includes a first inner connecting conductor arranged outside of at least one set of first and second inner electrodes in the opposing direction of the first and second inner electrodes and connected to at least one first terminal electrode and the first outer connecting conductor.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a multilayer capacitor.
2. Related Background Art
Known as this kind of multilayer capacitor is one comprising a capacitor body in which a plurality of inner electrodes are arranged, and a plurality of terminal electrodes formed on the capacitor body (see Patent Document 1, for example).
Power supplies for central processing units (CPUs) mounted in digital electronic devices have been lowering their voltage while increasing their load current and transient current. This has made it very difficult for fluctuations in power voltage to be held below a tolerable level against drastic changes in load current, whereby a multilayer capacitor known as decoupling capacitor has been connected to the power supply. When the load current transiently fluctuates, this multilayer capacitor supplies a current to the CPU, thereby suppressing the fluctuation in power voltage.
Recently, as the CPU operation frequency has further been increasing, the load current and transient current have been becoming higher and greater, whereby the multilayer capacitors employed as the decoupling capacitors have been demanded to increase their capacity, attain appropriately large equivalent series resistance (ESR), and keep an impedance value which is as constant as possible over a wide frequency band while suppressing equivalent series inductance (ESL).
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-208361


A navigation apparatus and method store traffic information and searches for a guidance route to a specified destination. The apparatus and method calculate congestion degrees for the guidance route based on a factor by time period and the stored traffic information and display the guidance route and the congestion degrees by time period.

1. Related Technical Fields
Related technical fields include navigation apparatus.
2. Description of Related Art
Conventional navigation apparatus, such as, for example, described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. H9-113290, display a map to a destination. The conventional navigation apparatus display information such as, for example, route information, and guide a user to a destination. The navigation apparatus use past traffic information statistics to predicted traffic conditions, such as a current or future road congestion condition.
In conventional navigation apparatus, the traffic information from outside of the vehicle is received and stored in a storage unit. When searching a guidance route, the latest traffic information and the accumulated past traffic information in the storage unit are used to search for a predicted guidance route which may be the best route to arrive at the destination in the shortest possible time.
Conventional navigation apparatus, such as, for example, described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. H10-019593 abstracts link travel times from traffic information received in the form of a radio beacon or optical beacon via a radio beacon device or in the form of an FM multiple broadcasting via an FM multiple receiver unit. Then the abstracted link travel times are stored in a memory. The memory stores, for example, average link travel times every 10 minutes in the last four weeks. The navigation apparatus calculates a required time to arrive at a destination based on the latest traffic information received from the radio beacon device or the FM multiple receiver. For example, if the required time is equal to or less than 1 hour, the latest traffic information may be used for a guidance route search. If the required time is longer than 1 hour, the past traffic information (link travel time information) stored in the memory may be used for searching a guidance route for excess. If the latest traffic information is not received depending on place, only the past traffic information (link travel time information) stored in the memory is used for searching the guidance route.

Navigation apparatus and method with traffic ranking and display


An object of the present invention is to provide a molded product in which an area, which is exposed on a surface of the molded product, of a fibrous filler accounts for a predetermined percentage or less of a surface area of the molded product so that falling-out of the fibrous filler and resin dust generation are suppressed, a liquid crystalline resin composition in which a percentage of a fibrous filler having a fiber length of 200 μm or longer and the like show predetermined values, and a contact electronic component employing the molded product. In order to achieve the object, the molded product of the present invention is a molded product, formed by injection molding of a liquid crystalline resin composition including a fibrous filler and a liquid crystal polymer, the fibrous filler having an area that is exposed on a surface of the molded product, the area of the fibrous filler accounting for 0.4% or less of a surface area of the molded product.

There has been an increasing demand for contact electronic components such as relays, switches, and connectors which are compact and highly heat-resistant. For satisfying such a demand, a liquid crystalline resin composition, which can be molded into a thin-walled form and is highly heat-resistant, has been employed. Note, however, that such a liquid crystalline resin composition contains a fibrous filler such as glass fibers so that a liquid crystal polymer can be molded more easily. Therefore, because of its characteristics, from a molded product formed by injection molding of the liquid crystalline resin composition, the fibrous filler may fall out and resin dust may be generated. Such a fibrous filler and resin dust are insulators. Therefore, if the fibrous filler and/or the resin dust become caught in a gap between contact points of a contact electronic component, contact failure may occur in the contact electronic component. This has been a problem.
For the purpose of suppressing falling-out of a fibrous filler, there has been suggested a technique of employing a liquid crystalline resin composition which contains a fibrous filler having a limited fiber length or employing a liquid crystalline resin composition in which a distribution of a fibrous filler is limited (Patent Literature 1).

Molded product injection-molded from liquid crystalline resin composition, liquid crystalline resin composition for contact electronic component, and contact electronic component


Circuit provides maximum current to an electric motor for a hydraulic pump in a brake system for a brief time interval after the motor is switched on, and thereafter limits the current to a lower value which corresponds to the torque necessary for generating the pressure required in the system.

In drive slip control systems the bias pressure for controlling the pressure at the brake is produced by means of a hydraulic unit which contains a motor-driven, valve-controlled pump. It is possible to use for this purpose, for example, the return pump of an antilock control system (U.S. Pat. No. 4,900,102). Antilock control systems are also known in which the bias pressure needed for raising the pressure in ABS controls is produced by means of a hydraulic pump unit and is made available to the ABS control by means of a pressure feed valve (U.S. Pat. No. 4,575,160). The pressure was formerly limited by means of hydraulic limit valves, wherein an electric current proportional to the motor torque under load or a speed proportional thereto is established. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,900,102 and 4,575,160 are incorporated herein by reference.


Three dimensional wireless pointing device for calculating coordinates and controlling a position of a cursor in a three dimensional space is disclosed, including a transmission side having a plurality of ultrasonic wave generating parts and a single infrared ray emitting part or a single ultrasonic wave generating part and a plurality of infrared ray emitting parts arranged in a certain axis direction at certain angles and a reception side having a plurality of infrared ray receiving sensors and a single ultrasonic wave receiving sensor arranged to cross the ultrasonic wave generating part(s) and the infrared ray emitting part(s) in the transmission side at a right angle, thereby to measure intensities of the infrared ray(s) and the ultrasonic wave(s) varied depending on direction of pointing and calculate a difference of relative arrival times of the infrared ray and the ultrasonic wave to obtain coordinate values of a position in a three dimensional space, whereby a position of cursor or menu, which is a control objective, can be controlled using the obtained coordinate values.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a three dimensional wireless pointing device which can calculate coordinates and control a position of cursor in a three dimensional space.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
In the wireless pointing devices, there are in general an ultrasonic wireless pointing device in which a plurality of ultrasonic wave generating parts and ultrasonic wave receiving sensors are arranged to cross each other at a right angle for using a relative phase difference of the ultrasonic wave signals caused depending on a direction of pointing in calculating coordinates of a pointed position, and infrared wireless pointing device in which a plurality of infrared ray emitting parts and infrared ray receiving sensors are arranged to cross each other at a right angle for using a relative intensity difference of infrared signals caused depending on a direction of pointing in calculating coordinates of the pointed position. The ultrasonic wireless pointing device was filed by the same applicant (U.S. Pat. Ser. No. 08/580,757), and the infrared wireless pointing device was also filed by the same applicant(U.S. Pat. Ser. No. 08/679,644).
However, the ultrasonic or infrared wireless pointing device, a pointing device for calculating coordinates of a position on a two dimensional plane and controlling a position of a cursor, has a problem that the pointing device can not point a three dimensional spatial position on a display space of a three dimensional display, such as a hologram.


The present invention is directed generally to bed coverings for a mattress and, more particularly, to a fitted (or semi-fitted) top sheet that may be attached at one end to the mattress and which may be placed between a user and other bedding such as blankets, quilts, comforters, or the like. The fitted sheet provides for ease in changing or making the bed. The fitted bed sheet of the present invention includes a zone of expansion to provide extra room for a sleeper's feet, and provides overhanging side flaps to provide and end-to-end finished look. Additionally, the present invention is directed to a fitted blanket, fitted quilt, fitted comforter and fitted bedspread for a mattress. The invention is also directed to a pattern for making these fitted bed coverings from an existing flat sheet or a starting flat cloth.

The present invention is directed generally to bed coverings for a mattress and, more particularly, to a fitted (or semi-fitted) top sheet that may be attached at one end to the mattress and which may be placed between a user and other bedding such as blankets, quilts, comforters, or the like. Additionally, the present invention is directed to a fitted blanket, fitted quilt, fitted comforter and fitted bedspread for a mattress. The invention is also directed to a pattern for making these fitted bed coverings.


A power system is for a facility. The power system includes a load panel powered from a split phase electrical distribution configuration having a first line, a second line and a neutral. A two-pole circuit interrupter in the load panel receives power from the first line, the second line and the neutral, and protects an unbalanced load. The two-pole circuit interrupter is structured to trip open or open responsive to an input. A circuit in the load panel is structured to determine that the neutral is broken or missing and responsively output to the input to cause the two-pole circuit interrupter to trip open or open.

Field
The disclosed concept relates generally to power systems and, in particular, to power systems including a load panel in a split phase electrical distribution configuration.
Background Information
Split phase electrical distribution configurations are well known in the art. One known split phase electrical distribution configuration is the 120/240 single phase electrical distribution configuration shown in FIG. 1. The 120/240 single phase electrical distribution configuration is used in many residential and commercial applications in North America.
Referring to FIG. 1, the 120/240 single phase electrical distribution configuration has first and second lines L1,L2 and a neutral N. In the 120/240 single phase electrical distribution configuration, the line-neutral voltages V1,V2 are 120V and the line-line voltage V3 is 240V under normal operating conditions. A first facility load R1LOAD is electrically connected between the first line L1 and the neutral N and a second facility load R2LOAD is electrically connected between the second line L2 and the neutral N. The purpose of the neutral N is to maintain the equal voltages across the first and second facility loads R1LOAD,R2LOAD regardless of whether the facility loads R1LOAD,r2LOAD are unbalanced.
However, if the neutral N is broken or missing (e.g., damaged; disabled; high impedance), and the facility loads R1LOAD,R2LOAD are unbalanced, then the voltages across the facility loads R1LOAD,R2LOAD become unequal. The unequal voltages can create an overvoltage condition (e.g., without limitation, applying an excessive voltage to an appliance) which can damage equipment as well as create a dangerous situation. It would therefore be desirable to monitor the status of the neutral wire of a power system that relies upon a neutral return for proper operation if the neutral connection becomes broken or missing.
Furthermore, it would be desirable to protect the power system and equipment powered by the power system in the event that the neutral connection becomes broken or missing.
There is room for improvement in power systems.

Power system including a load panel protecting a facility from a broken or missing neutral of a split phase electrical distribution configuration


An electronic device with EMI screen and packaging process thereof to provide even active EMI prevention means includes adhesion of a transit substrate to a soldering surface of the electronic device, a protection circuit layer functioning as EMI screen being paved on the bottom of the transit substrate; a packaging circuit layer being laid; protection circuit layer and the transit substrate as well as the packaging and protection circuit layers being segregated with an insulation material; and solder balls provided with electric continuity to the protection circuit layer and the packaging circuit layer being respectively implanted as soldering points respectively for EMI grounding and linkage between the electronic device and a printed circuit.

(a) Field of the Invention
The present invention is related to a packaging technology of electronic device, and more particularly to an electronic device provided with electro magnetic interference (EMI) protection circuit and packaging technology thereof.
(b) Description of the Prior Art
In a design of digital circuitry, conduction wire and circuit board radiate electromagnetic waves to affect layout of circuitry and wire in the perimeter of the circuit and any conductor that may transmit these electro magnetic (EM) waves, a phenomenon known as EMI. So far there is no way to absolutely exclude EMI; but hazards from EMI may be minimized by good circuit design and wiring technique for the circuit board.
For example, grounding, screening, and filtering methods may be employed to complete EM compatibility design. Wherein, the grounding method involves leading interference signals into a grounding end; screening, a screen material to resist EMI; and filtering, an EMI filter to stop interference signals.
All these three EMI preventive methods are the most common practices used for all electronic devices to prevent EMI. However, angling at the electronic device (electric installation), the means to prevent EMI is comparatively passive since its EMI preventive strategy must rely upon its EMI protection mechanism. Furthermore, EMI is essentially originated from excessive distribution density of electronic devices or from HF circuit. As the development of electronic products is heading for HF and smaller size; whether an electronic product is provided with sufficient space to build EMI protection mechanism justifies further discussion.

Electronic device with EMI screen and packing process thereof


Defoamers are the products of the reaction of epichlorohydrin and compounds having the formula II EQU R.sub.3 (EO).sub.n (PO).sub.m OH (II). wherein R.sub.3 is an alkyl, alkenyl or arenyl group having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms; a substituted alkyl or alkenyl group having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms wherein; n is a number from 0 to 50 and m is a number from 0 to 10; wherein the mole ratio of epichlorohydrin to (II) is from about 0.60/1 to about 2/1 are extremely efficient defoamers for aqueous surfactant systems. The defoamers are added to a surfactant in an amount sufficient to reduce or eliminate foam and have the advantage of being totally dispersible in water, are readily biodegradable, contain no organic solvents and do not affect the detergency of surfactants with which they are used because they are nonionic surfactants in themselves.

Aqueous cleaning compositions exhibit a tendency toward foaming because they contain surface active agents such as soaps, and synthetic detergents. In many instances, such cleaning compositions produce excessive foam and the user must use substances known as add anti-foaming agents or defoamers. Some defoamers such as silicones tend to interfere with the function of the cleaning compositions in that unwanted residues are left after the cleaners are wiped off while others are environmentally unacceptable because they are not biodegradable.
Alkyl polyglycosides are a class of nonionic surfactants that exhibit significantly higher foaming profiles than other nonionic surfactants, such as alcohol ethoxylates. In fact, it can be said that the foaming tendencies of alkyl polyglycosides more closely resemble those of anionic surfactants, such as alcohol sulfates, than the foaming tendencies of other nonionic surfactants. This higher foaming tendency makes the use of alkyl polyglycosides undesirable for many applications, e.g. cleaning-in-place for food processing plants, high pressure spray cleaning, bottle washing, floor cleaners and automatic dishwashing, wherein high levels of foam interfere with the cleaning and rinsing operation and reduce the efficiency of the operation.
Low foam nonionics, such as EO/PO block copolymers, can be used to reduce the foaming properties of alkyl polyglycoside surfactants, but these materials have undesirable properties, e.g. low biodegradability, relatively high aquatic toxicity and poor caustic compatibility.
Accordingly, there is a need for the development of defoamers that do not interfere with the cleaning ability of aqueous cleaning compositions and that are biodegradable, exhibit low aquatic toxicity and good caustic compatibility.


There is disclosed a method for reducing the NOx emission from a kiln plant for heat treatment of raw materials, in which kiln plant fuel can be fired in at least three zones an amount c of fuel is burned, in a second of these zones an amount b of fuel is burned and to this second zone the NO containing exhaust gases from the other at least two zones are also fed. In the rest of these at least three zones an amount a of fuel is burned and at least a part of the raw materials are fed to these zones together with an oxygen containing gas. The total amount of fuel, b+a, burned in the second and in the last zones is determined by the need for treatment of the raw materials. When the kiln plant is used for manufacturing cement clinker the heat treatment consists of preheating, calcining, sintering and cooling of the mineral raw materials.

The invention relates to a method for reducing the NO.sub.x emission from a kiln plant where low volatile fuels are used for heat treatment of raw materials, in which kiln plant fuel can be fired in at least three different zones. In one of these at least three zones an amount c of fuel is burned, in a second of these zones an amount b of fuel is burned and to these second zone the NO containing exhaust gases from the other at least two zones are also fed. In the rest of these at least three zones an amount a of fuel is burned and at least a part of the raw materials are fed to these zones together with an oxygen containing gas. The total amount of fuel, b+a, burned in the second and in the last zones is determined by the need for treatment of the raw materials and the amounts of fuel, b and a, burned in the second (2) and the last zones, are adjusted in upward and downward direction until a minimum NO content is achieved in the exhaust gases from the second zone.
Nitrogen oxides, NO.sub.x, are formed during combustion due to oxidation of nitrogen in the fuel and due to oxidation of nitrogen in the combustion air. In case the temperature in the combustion zone is less than 1200.degree. C., NO.sub.x is formed only on the basis of the nitrogen which is present in the fuel. This type is called fuel NO.sub.x. If the temperature rises to a level beyond 1200.degree. C., nitrogen oxides will also be formed on the basis of the combustion air. This type is called thermal NO.sub.x. Approximately 95% of the nitrogen oxides which are formed as fuel NO.sub.x and thermal NO.sub.x consist of nitrogen oxide, NO. In a system in which fuel containing nitrogen is burned, the following types of reactions can take place:
(1) N.sub.fuel +O.fwdarw.NO PA1 (2) N.sub.fuel +NO.fwdarw.N.sub.2 +O
Reaction (1) indicates that the NO formation in the zone will depend on the content of nitrogen in the fuel and on the oxygen content of the gases in that zone. Reaction (2) indicates that if NO is already present in the gas which is fed to this zone, the amount of NO present in the supplied gas will be reduced by means of the nitrogen compounds which are released from the fuel. The net production of NO thus also depends on the NO content in the supplied gas and as the reaction rate of reaction (2) rises more quickly with the temperature than the reaction rate for reaction (1), an increase of the temperature will in net terms lead to a reduction of the amount of NO.sub.x which is emitted from the calcining zone. In connection with high temperature combustion in the calciner it is known that if the temperature is increased by approximately 100.degree. C., it is possible to lower the NO.sub.x from the calciner by 10-15%. The upper limit of this advantage is 1200.degree. C., at this temperature the forming of thermal NO.sub.x from the combustion air will exceed the reduction of NO by reaction (2).
When the kiln plant is used for manufacturing cement clinker the heat treatment consists of preheating, calcining sintering and cooling of the mineral raw materials. The three zones where the N-containing fuel is burned are in the sintering zone, in a kiln, and at two locations in the calcining zone, in a calciner and in at least one burning compartment. According to the description of this invention a `burning compartment` is a zone where fuel is fired and where at the same time materials to be treated are added. A `calciner` is a burning compartment located in the kiln gas duct where the exhaust gases from the kiln will pass through it.
The temperature in a kiln plant for cement clinker manufacture is only in excess of 1200.degree. C. in the sintering kiln itself. The necessary temperature and time of retention in the kiln depend on the characteristics of the raw materials. A raw material with poor burning characteristics will thus require a high temperature and/or prolonged time of retention. Such conditions with a high flame temperature up to 2000.degree. C. will increase the rate of NO.sub.x emission substantially.
Measurements have indicated that the content of volatiles in the used fuel and the temperature at which calcination is taking place are factors which influence the formation of NO.sub.x in the calcining zone. The higher the content of volatiles in the fuel, the smaller it appears is the amount of N.sub.fuel which is transformed into NO.sub.x.
It is a recognised fact that various advantages may be obtained by constructing a calcination zone equipped with an additional burning compartment which is located in such a way that the burning compartment is exclusively fed with tertiary air from the cooler. Such a burning compartment would be considered to be included in the calcination zone if raw materials were added to the compartment.
A plant of this type is described in European patent No. 103423 (F. L. Smidth & Co. A/S, corresponds to DK-C-151319). Here from is known a plant (SLC-S) for calcination of cement raw materials, in which it has been taken into account that it may be difficult to achieve a complete burn-out of the fuel which is used in the calciner. In this plant raw meal is fed after it has passed through la cyclone preheater (18, 18', 19, 20, 21), to a burning compartment (4) in which the raw material is calcined in hot air from the cooler (2). Subsequent to preheating, raw meal is directed to the calcining zone at two locations: in the burning compartment (4) and in the kiln gas duct (28) or the retention compartment (29). As indicated in claim 4 it is possible to feed fuel to the kiln gas duct (28) via a burner (45), but according to column 6, line 13-27, this supplementary fuel is supplied in order to ensure that the amount of raw meal in the kiln gas duct can be increased.
From U.S. Pat. No. 4,014,641 (Mitsubishi) is known a plant for calcination of cement raw materials in which the amount of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gases of the kiln is reduced by generating an area in the kiln gas duct to which reducing gas is fed. Hot air from the cooler (via a duct (5)) and hot air from the kiln (via a duct (13)) are routed to a cyclone preheater (14, 15, 16, 17) in which raw material is preheated in counter-current to the hot gas from the cooler and from the kiln. In the area of the kiln gas duct which is located below the supply duct (5) from the cooler, reducing conditions are generated by introducing reducing gases via a duct (12). The reducing gases are formed in the calciner (8) as the air volume which is being fed to the calciner is sufficient to cause gasification of the fuel in the calciner, but insufficient to cause a complete burn-out of the fuel in the calciner (column 4, line 1-5). A particular disadvantage of this plant is that fuels that are difficult to ignite and slow burning, such as petroleum coke, anthracite and other coals with a low gas content cannot be used, as they would produce a large unburned coke residue which would be precipitated in the rotary kiln, and, as a consequence hereof, would be causing problems in terms of sulphur expulsion and caking.
From U.S. Pat. No. 5,364,265 (CLE) is known yet another calcining system in which the NO.sub.x emission is limited by formation of reducing gases, viz. CO and H.sub.2, in a burning compartment (20). The coke formed in the burning compartment during this process has quite distinctive reactive properties. However, optimisation of this method is relatively difficult in regard to ensuring minimum NO.sub.x emission since only a few parameters can be adjusted during operation. The amount of fuel burned in the burning compartment depends entirely on the desired degree of calcination of the raw meal.

Method for reducing NO.sub.x emission from a kiln plant


Biomarkers are provided that are predictive of a subject's responsiveness to a therapy comprising a JAK inhibitor. The biomarkers, compositions, and methods described herein are useful in selecting appropriate treatment modalities for a subject having, suspected of having, or at risk of developing an inflammatory skin disease.

Inflammatory skin diseases are triggered and maintained by aberrant responses of the cells of the immune system. Inflammatory skin diseases are generally classified according to the host defense system of the skin implicated in the disease: the barrier; innate immunity; or acquired immunity. The barrier of the skin is composed of the physical barrier and the chemical barrier. Several diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, result from a disorder of these components of the barrier. Diseases of innate immunity can be classified into innate immunodeficiency, innate immunohyperactivity (general or local autoinflammation), and qualitative disorder (general or local innate autoimmunity). Diseases of acquired immunity can be classified into immunodeficiency, immunohyperactivity (allergy), and qualitative disorder (autoimmunity).
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have been developed as agents for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. However, as for any therapeutic, JAK inhibitors may not be equally effective in all subjects that have an inflammatory skin disease. There is a need for means of identifying those subjects having an inflammatory skin disease that could most benefit from treatment with a JAK inhibitor.

Biomarkers for inflammatory skin disease


The present invention is a golf swing training device which guides the golfer's leading leg in an arc around the trailing heel, maintaining a minimum distance between the leading leg and trailing heel. This device guides the golfer's leg action in a 3-dimensional manner to produce a coiling motion on the backswing, which maintains a consistent spine angle as recommended by modern golf instructors. This device comprises a leg brace with flexible cuff which attaches to a golfer's leading leg above the knee, an adjustable strut, and a heel base for the golfer's trailing foot which tilts slightly in the leading direction. For left-handed golfers, this device substitutes a heel base with opposite swivel placement and tilt. This invention resets automatically to the correct position during practice sessions. The benefit for a golfer of using this invention is increased consistency, accuracy, and power.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of golf. More specifically, the present invention is directed toward a device for improving a golfer's swing.
2. Description of Related Art
Golf is a technically challenging sport requiring a practiced swing to both control the direction of the ball and achieve the desired height and distance.
A few terms are herein defined for clarity: "front" is the direction towards the front of the golfer's body; "back" is the direction towards the back of the golfer's body; "up" is towards the top of the golfer's body or the sky; "down" is towards the bottom of the golfer's body or the ground; "leading" is the direction in which the player intends to hit the golf ball down the target line, which is to the left for a right-handed golfer and to the right for a left-handed golfer; "trailing" is the direction in which the player moves the golf club to start the backswing, which is to the right for a right-handed golfer and to the left for a left-handed golfer; "lateral movement" is movement in either the leading or trailing direction; "posting" is a straightening of the golfer's leading leg, which starts about halfway through the downswing; a view "down the line" is a view from the golfer's trailing side, opposite the target; and a view "face on" is a view from the golfer's front side, opposite the ball.
A golf swing has three main components: 1) a backswing, where the club is moved away from the ball in the trailing direction, 2) a downswing, where the club is moved toward the ball in the leading direction, at the bottom of which the ball is hit; and 3) a follow-through continuing in the leading direction after the ball is hit.
A common swing method from the 1970's typically involved a pronounced lifting of the leading heel, rotating the hips horizontally past 45 degrees, and sliding the leading leg in the trailing direction during the backswing. These movements created a radical change in spine angle through impact into a follow-through position, called the "reverse C", in order to propel the ball into the air. This earlier method was hard for students to learn, and required that the golfer have excellent coordination for any success.
In response to these shortcomings, many effective modern swing methods have developed that have a much higher success rate for new players. These modern swing methods concentrate on minimizing or eliminating leading leg motion. These modern swing methods also maintain the integrity of down the line and face on spine angles throughout the swing. The modern swing involves 1) keeping the leading heel down, 2) rotating the leading leg, and 3) not sliding the leading leg in the trailing direction. This leg action creates a golf swing where the spine angle remains consistent throughout the swing, the spine turns in a coiling motion, and the spine does not have any lateral movement. Modern swing methods all agree that the golfer should start with the spine tilting slightly forward when viewed from down the line, and with the spine either vertical or tilted slightly in the leading or trailing direction when viewed from face on. Modern swing methods agree that the golfer's spine angle should then remain consistent throughout the backswing and the downswing. The general result of these modern swing motions is increased consistency, accuracy, and power.
A variety of approaches have developed to improve a golfer's swing, both by instruction in various swing techniques and through the use of devices to assist the practice of the various techniques. Some examples that have been proposed to guide or control the movement of the player's legs and body during the swing are set forth below.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,332,845 (PRIESTLEY) describes an apparatus that fits between the player's knees, holding the knees stable in relation to each other during the backswing and the downswing of the club, with the length selectively set. Because the device only keeps the golfer's knees at a fixed distance from each other, both knees, and the golfer's entire body, can have lateral movement in the trailing direction during the backswing. The device does not set up leg rotation and does not eliminate lateral movement.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,334,028 (MELLIGAN) describes an apparatus which uses a support frame, horizontal pivot and force translation member positioned behind the golfer's knees to force one knee to move in a direction opposite the other knee. While the device could set up a horizontal leg rotation, that rotation will not create the coiling motion on the backswing, nor does the device eliminate lateral movement, because both knees are free to move in the trailing direction during the backswing.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,024,656 (LANE) describes a device which uses a platform and brace to prevent the golfer's right knee from sliding laterally away from the target. U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,090 (KAUFFMAN JR) describes a device which uses a wide platform and leg rest so that a golfer with a leg engaging the rest will tend to avoid lateral movement. Both of those devices only place a restriction on lateral movement of the lower body in the trailing direction. They do not control the golfer's leg action in any other manner, and would therefore not encourage the preferred motion for a golf swing.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,125,663 (LUROWIST JR) describes a device which uses a platform, strut, and seat to provide a steady base, allow the hips to pivot around a vertical axis, and keep the groin area fixed in space. That device does not teach the golfer how to achieve the correct leg action. Also, while it could prevent lateral movement of the lower body, it would not eliminate and might even encourage lateral movement of the upper body if the golfer attempts to swing harder.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,129,638 (DAVIS) for a Golf Swing Training Apparatus describes a device with a waist belt and a long strap that goes around the front of the golfer's leading leg and attaches to the golfer's trailing knee, immobilizing the trailing knee. That device allows and potentially encourages the leading knee to collapse in the trailing direction towards the stabilized knee, and also does not prevent lateral movement.
The above described golf swing training devices do not optimally reinforce modern golf swing methods. The difficulties and limitations suggested in the preceding are not intended to be exhaustive, but rather are exemplary of the many devices which demonstrate that, despite much attention in the art to controlling a golfer's swing, the devices in the art will admit to useful improvements.


A fluid actuator with fluid limit valves (550, 551) and adjustable mechanical limits enables the construction of fluid linkages which are able to completely replace mechanical linkages. In a fluid circuit comprising of two or more fluid actuators, the pistons (102) of the fluid actuators can become uncorrelated when fluid leakage occurs. At the piston (102) extension and retraction limits, fluid limit valves (550, 551) open. The open fluid limit valves (550, 551) allow fluid to bypass pistons (102) and/or allow fluid from an external source to compensate the fluid leakage. The fluid bypassing pistons (102) at their extension or retraction limit and/or externally supplied fluid forces the uncorrelated pistons (102) to reach their extension or retraction limit as well. The fluid actuator with adjustable mechanical limits have one or more additional pistons (686, 688), which have an adjustable separation from the main piston (102) or end of cylinder. The fluid actuator with fluid limit valves (550, 551) and adjustable mechanical limits enables mechanical linkages to be replaced by fluid circuits composed of the fluid actuators.

1. Field of Invention
This invention relates the construction of a valve for hydraulic fluid leak detection and correction in hydraulic fluid linkages, insuring that the hydraulic fluid linkages are accurate at all times. The reliable accurate hydraulic fluid linkages with adjustable limit stops can be used to replace complex mechanical linkages.
2. Description of Prior Art
Hydraulic circuits have not been able to fully replace mechanical linkages in precision applications, such as vehicle steering and other systems requiring accurate reliable correlation which linkages provided. Mechanical linkages reliably correlate the movement of mechanical components. Hydraulic circuits used to replace mechanical linkages use two or more linear actuators, rotary actuators or fluid motors to control the movement of mechanical components. In a hydraulic circuit these hydraulic actuators or motors are connected by a hydraulic fluid conduit with possible intermediary fluid control valves and fluid pumps. The hydraulic circuits used to replace mechanical linkages are hydraulic linkages. Replacing mechanical linkages with hydraulic linkages have significant advantages over mechanical linkages. Hydraulic conduits required to construct hydraulic linkages can be easily routed. Hydraulic circuits can easily switch operating modes. In each operation mode the hydraulic circuit can form a hydraulic linkage between a different set of mechanical components or the mechanical components can be controlled independently in a completely uncorrelated manner. To replace mechanical linkages, hydraulic circuits need to be able to detect and correct fluid loss in hydraulic linkages and require limit stops to prevent damage caused by extending or retracing too far and/or too hard. Through the use of limit sensors and fluid limit valves, the hydraulic linkage can include leakage compensation and leakage location detection and allow for accurate control over the extension and retraction of a piston in the fluid actuator. Mechanical stops prevent over extension and over retraction and are strong enough to resist the full force of the hydraulic actuator or the full force of the mechanical load. Conventional actuators include mechanical stops. However, the mechanical stops included in conventional actuators are not adjustable. Mechanical components in different orientations may require mechanical limit stops to be repositioned. Without adjustable mechanical actuator stops, actuator movement often cannot be stopped before damaging over extension or over retraction occurs.
Piston bypass valves have been constructed to activate the piston when it is in proximity to the end cap. For example, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,425,305, 6,170,383 (Mauritz). The described art does not provide location adjustable piston bypass valves.
Re-phasing hydraulic circuits have been constructed of re-phasing cylinders utilizing fluid bypass ports. For example, see U.S. Pat. No. 4,463,563 (Krehbiel). The described art does not provide location adjustable piston bypass valves. Also, neither the location nor the pressure at which these pistons are re-phased, by means of a bypass port, is adjustable.
Hydraulic steering linkages have been constructed from a pair of hydraulically linked hydraulic cylinders. For example see U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,179,315 (Boriack) 3,212,793 (Pietrotroia). There is no means of detecting or correcting for hydraulic fluid leakage from the hydraulic linkage described in this prior art. Hydraulic leakage occurs in virtually all hydraulic circuits. Leakage can occur as hydraulic fluid lost from the hydraulic circuit, or as hydraulic fluid leaking across actuator seals.
Cushioning devices are constructed for decelerating and stopping pistons by restricting fluid flow. For example, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,397,218 (Spring), 6,557,456 (Norton). The presented cushioning devices do not include a means of adjusting the extension and/or retraction limits at which the cushioning limit valves are activated or proportionally activating the cushioning limit valves.
A limit switch with a sensing element is actuated when the operating actuator reaches an end position. The switching element stops the supply of hydraulic fluid to the operating actuator in response to the actuated sensing element. For example see U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,920,217 (Danfoss) and 3,941,033 (Danfoss). Proximity switches are used to detect the proximity of components before they come into contact. When proximity switches detect the limit position, valves are controlled to interrupt hydraulic supply to actuators preventing them from over extending or retracting. For example U.S. Pat. No. 4,165,674 (Weight). Rather than stopping or interrupting the hydraulic supply to actuators, the hydraulic flow can also be reduced, slowing the actuators' movement as it approaches the limit. A limit valve which controls the driving hydraulic flow by reducing the hydraulic pump stroke when the limit valve is moved to a predetermined limit is able to reduce the hydraulic flow as desired. For example see U.S. Pat. No. 5,117,935 (Hall). However, the limit sensors and valves designed to stop or reduce hydraulic supply to actuators cannot detect or correct hydraulic leakage in circuits. Separate mechanical stops are required to prevent mechanical loads from over extending or retracting the actuators.
Leakage in hydraulic linkages can be compensated by continuously monitoring the position by a sensor on the control element and by a sensor on the driven element. The hydraulic flow to the actuators is continuously adjusted according to the monitored positions of the control and driven element. For example U.S. Pat. No. 7,028,469 (Porskrog). Here the elements are linked by an electronic control system. This electronic monitoring system requires an electrical power supply at all times for the position sensors and the control valve solenoids. The electronic monitoring systems is only able to compensate for slow hydraulic leaks. The present invention is able to compensate for slow hydraulic leaks without requiring continuous monitoring of either the control or driven elements. The prior art method of compensating for hydraulic leaks by continuously monitoring the control and driven elements does not include adjustable mechanical stops required to prevent mechanical loads from over extending or retracting the actuators. Whereas the present invention does include adjustable mechanical stops.

Fluid actuator with limit sensors and fluid limit valves


A pharmacy supply container tracking system that automatically detects and tracks a pharmacy supply container within a pharmacy is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment the system also detects and tracks prescription orders of customers, and automatically verifies that the correct pharmacy supply is used to fill a particular prescription order. One disclosed system includes using tags, such as Radio-Frequency Identification (“RFID”) tags, and their related readers to locate objects through electromagnetic interrogation of a spatial region to determine the presence of an object within that special region.

Pharmaceutical medications increase the lives and the quality of lives of millions of people. Moreover, as the general population ages and new beneficial drugs are introduced, prescription order volumes to be filled at pharmacies and distributed to individual customers and through health care providers such as hospitals, convalescent centers, and the like, are expected to double within the next few years. This present and expected increase in order volume places enormous pressure on pharmacists, other pharmacy workers, and health care providers, who strive to fill and distribute each order efficiently, accurately and quickly.
The process of retrieving, filling, and distributing a prescription order to a patient or customer can include many different people and organizations performing numerous tasks. An error with any one of these tasks can lead to the mishandling of a patient's prescription order. Such mishandling of a prescription order often results in a patient not timely receiving their prescription order or receiving a wrong, possibly even deadly, prescription order or the like.
Timely and efficient filling of prescriptions is maximized when a pharmacy worker can easily locate and retrieve supplies used for filling individual prescriptions. Unfortunately, these supplies are often misplaced within the pharmacy, or not replenished in a timely manner, thereby hindering the timely filling of prescription orders for customers and patients.

Pharmacy supply tracking and storage system


A kit includes a deterrent device, a grip activation system, and a housing supporting the grip activation system. The housing positions the grip activation system so that a sensing space of the grip activation system extends at least partly adjacent to a trigger guard of the deterrent device. The grip activation system includes an emitter configured to emit first electromagnetic radiation having a first wavelength; a detector configured to detect second electromagnetic radiation having the first wavelength; and a controller. The controller determines, based at least in part on the second electromagnetic radiation, that an object is present in the sensing space; and provides an activation signal to an activatable system in response to determining that the object is present in the sensing space. The activatable system can include a light source. Some examples include a housing, a grip activation system, and an activatable system.

Electronic accessories are often used with deterrent devices such as firearms or bows, or with simulated deterrent devices (e.g., training devices). Examples of electronic accessories include laser and light devices. There are various ways of joining such an accessory to a deterrent device and various ways of activating such an accessory when needed. One ongoing challenge is that of providing for automatic activation of the electronic systems when the deterrent device is needed (or is shortly to be used) in a manner that does so without distracting the user of the deterrent device. Some schemes include placing a pressure switch on a grip such that a gripping force of the user applies pressure to activate the switch. However, the need to apply such pressure can be a distraction to the user.
Additionally, many electronic systems today are mounted to rail systems that may be some distance from a gripping surface of a deterrent device. Rail mounted electronic devices therefore present a challenge. One approach to this is to provide a rail mounted mechanical structure that provides an electrical path from the rail-mounted device to a switch in a gripped portion of a deterrent device. However, this has the disadvantages of other pressure-switch schemes. Another solution is the incorporation of an electronic system that can sense a magnet positioned in a holster and that activates when the deterrent device is removed from the holster. This solution requires customized holsters and only works in a holstered situation.

Deterrent-device accessory electromagnetic-radiation-based activation


Flexible hose or tube comprises a hose body and a plurality of ribs extending radially outwardly from the outer periphery of the hose body. The ribs are of annular shape and are axially spaced with respect to each other. The hose body wall is of relatively small thickness as compared to the thickness of the ribs. The hose may be integrally made from a thermoplastic caoutschuc or rubber and exhibits a high degree of flexibility due to its relative softness, while the shape and structure of the ribs provide a high degree of resistance against lateral bending or buckling of the tube.

Flexible hoses or tubes are disposed within various different types of apparatus and structures. While the more commonly used bellows are generally satisfactory with respect to duration and flexibility characteristics, the manufacture of the same is relatively expensive. Ventilation hoses normally employed within vehicles are generally made from soft PVC, however, due to their relative hardness they exhibit a substantial resistance to lateral bending, and exhibit only limited flexibility. A further disadvantage of these hoses resides in the fact that they produce chatter noises when they encounter vehicle parts.
German patent 39 29 051 (see equivalent U.S. Pat. No. 5,060,697) discloses a drainage or ventilation hose comprising a tubular hose body made of soft PVC and having axially spaced, radially extending ribs of chlorinated polyethylene, with the wall thickness of the ribs being relatively small as compared with that of the hose body. The ribs are coextruded along with the hose body. The ribs being relatively soft and having a Shore hardness of 55-65, noise silencing is good as compared to that of smooth PVC hoses and also with respect to ribbed PVC hoses, the ribs also being made from soft PVC.
Due to the inherent characteristics of the soft PVC, the wall of the hose body of this prior art hose only exhibits limited flexibility which cannot be increased by reducing the wall thickness because this would result in a poor resistance to lateral bending. The purpose of the ribs is to silence noises resulting from the hose encountering vehicles parts.


The optical film according to the present invention has a feature that it has high adhesiveness and excellent property of blocking UV light even while using an acrylic resin having no ring structure in the main chain.

A liquid crystal display uses a polarized light. For this purpose, a polarizing plate is used, and typically, a PVA element is used. However, the polarizing plate, such as the PVA element, has weak mechanical properties of its own and is easily influenced by external environment, for example, temperature or humidity. Thus, a protective film for protecting the polarizing plate is required.
Such a protective film should have excellent optical properties and excellent mechanical properties. TAC films (Tri-Acetyl-cellulose Film) have been conventionally used as a protective film for the PVA elements used in the polarizing plates. In recent years, however, acrylic films having heat resistance and absorption resistance superior to TAC films have been used.
The acrylic films for protecting polarizing plate are prepared by a stretching process. In this regard, acrylic resins having a glass transition temperature of 120° C. or higher are generally used so that the dimensional changes at high temperatures are small and the optical properties can be stably maintained. In addition, in order to further improve the dimensional stability and optical properties of the acrylic resins, a ring structure is introduced into the main chain thereof, and to this end, a monomer having a ring structure, which imparts heat resistance, is introduced. However, when the monomer having a ring structure is introduced, not only the price of raw materials increases, but also processing must be performed at higher temperature, which are problematic.
Meanwhile, the acrylic resin, particularly polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), has excellent transparency and thus can be used as a protective film for polarizing plates. However, the glass transition temperature is low and thus the stretch hysteresis is loosened at high temperature, which causes a deterioration in the dimensional stability. Further, when the polymethyl methacrylate is stretched and made into a film, there is a problem that the adhesiveness to a PVA element, which is a polarizing plate, varies depending on stretching conditions.
Accordingly, the present inventors have conducted extensive studies to prepare an optical film capable of exhibiting high adhesiveness to a PVA element, which is a polarizing plate, and having excellent property of blocking UV light, even while using an acrylic resin not containing monomers having a ring structure in the main chain thereof. As a result, they have found that an optical film produced by containing an ultraviolet absorber and a primer layer and stretching the film as described later satisfies the above requirements, thereby completing the present invention.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Optical film with high adhesiveness and excellent property of blocking UV light, and polarizing plate comprising the same


Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods of validating templates. One embodiment the present invention includes a computer-implemented method validating a template comprising receiving a target language schema, receiving a placeholder schema, generating a template schema that is based on the target schema and the placeholder schema, and validating the template against the template schema. If the template conforms to the template schema and if the template is instantiated, the instantiated template will conform to the target language schema.

The present invention relates to validating templates, and in particular, to ensuring that an instantiated template will conform to a target language.
A markup language is a system for managing information and is used to code the information in a document by adding structure and metadata (i.e., information about data) to the document. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is an example of a widely used markup language. HTML is a specific language with its own vocabulary of tags and is used to establish the appearance and layout of a document as displayed in a browser. While HTML is simple to use, HTML tags are primarily formatting-oriented and do not provide information about the content of a document. This makes it cumbersome to reuse information in another context. Extensible Markup Language (XML) is another widely used markup language, which is designed to better handle the task of managing information. XML is more like a meta-language, which provides the grammar for developing custom markup languages, each with its own vocabulary. This is what makes XML "extensible," and what makes XML so useful across a wide range of domains. Custom markup languages are sometimes referred to as XML applications or XML-based languages.
A wide number of tools use templates and template engines to transform data from one format to another. Extensible Stylesheet Language—Transformation (XSLT) is an example of such a tool. XSLT can, for example, create summary and full versions of the same document or convert a document from XML to HTML. Template-based transformations are ubiquitous in the software development world. Such a transformation process involves a template that organizes data. A template has placeholders (i.e., internal references) that stand in the place of content or data, which is not yet known or identified. In other words, placeholders denote incomplete portions within a template. During the transformation process (also referred to as instantiation), a template engine extracts data (also referred to as instantiation data) from a database or memory location and replaces the placeholders of the template with the data. The template engine produces a document (also referred to as an instantiated template) that is formatted in the target language.
A problem with conventional methods of instantiation is that the instantiated template needs to follow a set of rules that govern how the data is to be represented and organized. In other words, the instantiated template needs to conform to the target language, where descriptive tags are standard and uniform, and the data associated with the tags has a predictable format or range of values. If the instantiated template does not conform to the target language, applications written for the target language cannot properly process the document.
Target languages are typically defined by rules, or constraints, that govern the target language using what is referred to as a schema. The schema, also referred to as the target language schema, defines the target language by specifying the structure of the document: which elements and attributes are allowed, not allowed, or even required in the target language document. Document Type Definition (DTD) and XML Schema are examples of widely used schemas.
Conventional template engines are not able to ensure that an instantiated template will conform to the target language schema. Instantiated templates may be checked after the instantiation process, but such checking is error-prone (as the test might not include the instantiation data that leads to an error) and time consuming (if one tries to figure out whether the template or the instantiation data is causing the problem).
Thus, there is a need for improving the instantiation of templates. The present invention solves these and other problems by providing systems and methods of validating templates.

Systems and methods of validating templates


This invention relates to a method of monitoring a fermentation process. In particular, the invention relates to a method of monitoring a fermentation process comprising the step of measuring the expression level of one or more zinc regulated nucleic acid molecules from a microorganism, preferably selected from the group consisting of Escherichia Bacillus, Cyanobacter, Streptomyces, Corynebacteria, Zymomonas, Saccharomyces, Zygosaccharomyces, and Schizosaccharomyces cells, present in the fermentation and comparing the expression level to a reference level of expression for the nucleic acid molecules, wherein the expression level is indicative of sub-optimal fermentation. Preferably the fermentation process is a beer brewing process.

Fermentation processes are hostile environments for microorganisms such as yeast, subjecting them to numerous stresses. These stresses can lead to defective or sub-optimal fermentation in which yeast metabolism is halted and/or undesirable flavours are produced (Ivorra et. al., 1999).
While the major requirements for successful fermentation have been identified though previous research efforts, there are no recognised tools that allow the rapid detection of the source of fermentation problems early enough to circumvent them. Indeed, the majority of industrial fermentations are monitored purely by the assessment of the specific gravity of the fermentation medium. Accordingly, in an attempt to overcome or at least alleviate some of the problems associated with monitoring fermentation the applicant proposes utilising molecular techniques to identify genes which are indicative of sub-optimal fermentation. In particular the applicant proposes using molecular methods to monitor the in vivo effects of varying fermentation conditions so that a more accurate assessment of the effect of these conditions on the microorganisms present during fermentation can be undertaken.
Until recently the rate limiting step in the development of methods for monitoring fermentation was the identification of suitable genes. However, the applicant has now found that by using genome-wide transcriptional analysis, genes can be identified that meet the methods' requirements. Therefore, the applicant proposes that the use of this technique can readily determine which genes are highly responsive and specific to defined stresses, such as zinc-limiting conditions. Having identified potentially useful genes, their "normal" levels of expression can be determined so that an accurate assessment of sub-optimal expression levels can be identified during fermentation.
Genes that may be of use include HSP12 (Ivorra et. al., 1999) and SPI1 (Puig and Perez-Ortin, 2000) which have been shown to have promise as genetic markers for stress conditions in alcoholic fermentation. While these genes respond to a broad range of sub-optimal conditions and allow the identification of the presence of stress per se, their non-specificity prevents their use to identify the cause or type of stress.
Zinc deficiency, for instance, is a major contributor to the retardation of yeast fermentation in the beer brewing process (Bromberg et. al., 1997). The lack of available zinc slows down the fermentation rate, even leading to the complete cessation of fermentation or a "stuck brew". The direct measurement of zinc levels in wort is not a reliable measure of zinc deficiency, since zinc can be present in a form that is not available to the yeast.
The applicant has accordingly further identified a gene whose expression levels are directly affected by the presence of zinc. The applicant proposes that this gene will be useful for monitoring a fermentation process for zinc deficiency.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that there are a number of techniques that can be used to determine the level of gene expression. For example, Northern hybridisation analysis, dot blots and real-time polymerase chain reaction.
It will be clearly understood that, although a number of prior art publications are referred to herein, this reference does not constitute an admission that any of these documents form part of the common general knowledge in the art, in Australia or in any other country.

Method of monitoring a fermentation process


Embodiments of the invention provide a camera module including a lens barrel part in which a plurality of lenses are stacked, a housing having the lens barrel part disposed therein, and an infrared (IR)-cut filter provided in the housing and disposed at a lower portion of the lens barrel part. According to at least one embodiment, the camera module further includes a circuit board having a window formed therein so as to penetrate through a central region thereof and supporting a bottom surface of the housing; an image sensor accommodated in the window of the circuit board and converting an external image into an electrical signal, and a plate coupled to a lower portion of the circuit board to radiate heat generated from the circuit board.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a camera module, and more particularly, to implementation of a slim camera module.
2. Description of the Related Art
As a mobile phone or a tablet personal computer (PC) has gradually become slim, a camera module has become slim. In this situation, there are some limitations in products that may be implemented by a component according to the conventional art.
In order to manufacture a slim camera module under the same condition, a special package technology is required, which may be considered as a technology and market competitiveness of a company.
The camera module according to the conventional art has been manufactured in a chip of board (COB) scheme that is currently implemented in many companies. Thus, the camera module is configured to include, for example, a lens, a housing, a filter, a sensor, or a circuit board, as non-limiting examples.
This scheme has a limitation in implementing slimness of the camera module. Therefore, research into a structure for slimness of a camera module has been urgently demanded.


An object of the invention is to provide a multiplying oscillator capable of generating a high frequency signal by small circuit scale and power consumption in an oscillator for generating a signal with a frequency of a microwave band or more, and a local oscillator using this multiplying oscillator. A multiplying oscillator of the invention obtains a frequency signal four times or more a fundamental wave by adding a frequency adjusting unit 40 having a function of suppressing second harmonic of the fundamental wave to a resonance unit 20 in a multiplying oscillator which constructs an oscillator for connecting two negative resistance units 10 to 11 to the resonance unit 20 and generating a signal A and a signal B of mutually opposite phases in the fundamental wave and synthesizes the signal A and the signal B in phase in a synthetic unit 30 and obtains an oscillation signal output.

A line type resonator of a TEM (Transverse Electromagnetic mode) mode formed on a substrate is commonly used in a high-frequency oscillator for generating a signal with a high frequency of a microwave band or more. Also, a multiplying oscillation configuration known as a push-push oscillator in which the line type resonator of the TEM mode is combined with two negative resistance circuits is used in the high-frequency oscillator. This oscillator includes an oscillator as shown in, for example, Patent Reference 1. A circuit configuration of a conventional push-push oscillator is disclosed in this Reference.
FIG. 9 shows a circuit configuration of a conventional push-push oscillator disclosed in Patent Reference 1. The push-push oscillator shown in FIG. 9 is constructed of a resonator unit 3 and an oscillator unit 4 including two same and symmetrical oscillation units made of a Colpitts oscillator etc. It is constructed so that two outputs from the oscillator unit 4 are mutually inverted 180° in phase and by a synthetic circuit 5 having a transmission line with the same electrical length, fundamental and odd harmonic components are canceled in the output end and only even harmonic components can be doubled and outputted.
Also, in Patent Reference 1, a configuration of being synthesized in opposite phase in a synthetic circuit is shown and a configuration of achieving noise reduction by canceling a noise component inputted from the outside to two oscillation units in phase in the output end is also shown.
Also, there is a multiplying oscillator shown in Patent Reference 2 as a second conventional art. FIG. 10 shows a configuration of a triple-push type oscillator constructed of three oscillation transistors disclosed in Patent Reference 2. In this configuration, a circuit by the three oscillation transistors is constructed so that oscillation signals oscillate mutually in a phase difference of 120° and each output is synthesized by an in-phase synthetic circuit and thereby, threefold harmonics of fundamental waves are multiplied and outputted.
In the conventional multiplying oscillator (Patent Reference 1) described above, outputs oscillated by two oscillators to have a phase difference of 180° are synthesized in phase and thereby, an oscillation signal two times a fundamental frequency can be obtained. Also, in the multiplying oscillator described in Patent Reference 2, outputs oscillated by three oscillators to have a phase difference of 120° are synthesized in phase and thereby, an oscillation signal three times a fundamental frequency can be obtained.    Patent Reference 1: JP-A-4-175001    Patent Reference 2: JP-A-2006-135563

Multiplying oscillator and wireless apparatus in which the same is installed


Automated analysis of ultrasound data is provided to extract event times, such as valve opening and closing times. Different types of ultrasound data, such as B-mode, M-mode, tissue velocity or flow velocity, are processed by a processor to identify automatically the event times. The event times are used for the processing of ultrasound data or to assist diagnosis. The event times may be used to estimate other event times in different heart cycles, such as with interpolation or extrapolation.

The present embodiments relate to identification of cardiac events. In particular, heart valve opening and/or closing is identified.
Heart valve opening and/or closing times may have diagnostic significance. To identify heart valve timing, the valve opening and closing times are manually measured, typically using ultrasound data. For example, the user positions a caliper marker along an ECG trace displayed adjacent to an ultrasound M-mode or spectral Doppler (PW or CW) image. The user identifies the opening and closing times by selecting the appropriate times on the ECG trace. The imaging system indicates the selected times as a caliper output. The manually identified and selected times are then either written down or entered into a database of patient measurements. If subsequent components of the patient exam require these times, the times are manually or automatically recalled and used. These manual time measurements may be time consuming and inconvenient.

Automated identification of cardiac events with medical ultrasound


An intake enhancement system for a vehicle includes a chiller bath, a delivery line operatively extended from the chiller bath for tapping at a heat exchanging line of a HVAC system to guide a heat exchanging agent flowing between the chiller bath and the HVAC system, and a cooling line operatively extended from the chiller bath for guiding a cooling agent to flow from the chiller bath toward the internal combustion engine. The chiller bath provides a heat-exchanging place for cooling the cooling agent by the heat exchanging agent. Therefore, the cooling agent is guide to cool the combustion element before the combustion element enters into the internal combustion engine for enhancing an efficiency of the internal combustion engine.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a vehicle fuel system, and more particularly to an intake enhancement system, which substantially cools the air/fuel intake before the air/fuel enters into the internal combustion engine so as to maximize the efficiency of the internal combustion engine.
2. Description of Related Arts
It is a scientific fact that an internal combustion engine operates less efficiently at warmer ambient temperatures. Accordingly, warmer air intake combined with warm fuel creates a potentially lean condition or "vapor lock" that can damage the engine. A cold air intake can cool down the air flow before entering into the internal combustion engine in order to increase engine power and efficiency and to improve throttle response and fuel economy in most cases.
A conventional cold air intake is an external device installed into the vehicle in order to incorporate with the air intake system of the vehicle for increasing the amount of oxygen available for combustion with fuel. Since cooler air has a higher density, cooling the air intake and fuel promotes an increased density of fuel. Denser fuel combined with cold intake air promotes better and more efficient burning of the fuel, so as to generate more power, greater fuel efficiency, and less greenhouse gas emissions.
Generally speaking, the conventional cold air intake comprises a heat shield isolating heat from the engine to the air intake pipe such that airflow can be directly guided to the engine while being heated by the engine. However, the heat shield can only prevent the airflow being heated up by the heat generated from the engine; it does not cool down the airflow before the airflow enters into the engine.


Fines, that are present in lubricating oil, and their organo-metallic coatings are contacted with aqueous solutions of strong acids to solve the problems of plugged cartridge type filters. The present process employs a washing step whereby, following a filter cycle that is terminated due to a pressure build-up, a hot aqueous solution of a strong acid with a pH of approximately 1.5, is circulated through the plugged filter cartridges until the fines and organo-metallic coatings are solubilized. The acid wash solution is kept separate from the filter feedstock and filtrate by suitable valving, piping and tankage so as not to contaminate it. The filter cartridges may be rinsed prior to reintroduction of the feed stock to begin the next filter cycle.

In the hot- and cold-rolling of aluminum and other metals, asperities of the workpiece and the rolls are broken off from the matrix due to the ploughing that occurs in the roll bite as the hard steel rolls exert a high shearing force when they traverse the softer metal in the roll bite. These broken off pieces of roll and strip asperities are termed wear debris or "fines". In practice some of the fines remain on the strip as it exits the roll bite while others are washed off into the coolant used to control the roll temperature and roll-bite friction in the rolling process. Because of the large surface area of rolled metal and the large number of asperities found on that area, the amount of fines produced soon turns the coolant black in color and if not removed, could lead to operational problems with the coolant and surface quality problems with the metal being rolled. It is thus necessary to remove the fines to a reasonably low level.
Historically, filtration employing filter aids has been used in the metal rolling industry to accomplish the removal of fines. In the case of rolling mills using water-based fluids, however, because of the chemicals typically used in the oil composition, the fines are coated with a sticky organo-metallic layer that makes filtration through filter aids very difficult. Under the premise that backwashing of filter cartridges employed in filters filtering rolling mill coolant could remove the sticky fines, we attempted to use backwashable filter cartridges to remove the fines. We found that the backwashing of such cartridges was not able to remove the sticky fines from the fibers of the cartridges under normal backwash pressures and the cartridges became plugged. As a result, the filter cycles soon became impracticably short.
Accordingly, there is a need to provide a process by which a filter, which is clogged by the fines obtained by the filtration of lubricating oils, can be regenerated. Once regenerated, the filter will have the performance equivalent to a new filter, at low cost and with no waste liquid disposal problems.

Method for rejuvenation of filter elements used in the filtration of metalworking fluids

Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation


A method of destroying mines in a minefield buried under the surface includes deploying a munition including a plurality of kinetic energy rods each having a stabilizer into a position above the minefield and deploying the rods above the minefield to fall towards the minefield each aligned along a velocity vector to penetrate the surface and destroy the mines.

Land mines pose a severe threat to military and civilian personnel. The idea of detonating land mines using conventional weapons and ordnances is known but such methods are not very effective or efficient since many ordnances would be required to detonate the numerous possible land mines in a given area.
One current idea is to deploy a net carrying shape charges onto the land mine field. But, never is there a guarantee that all the land mines would be detonated and, worse, some shape charges could fail to detonate resulting in an added explosive danger to personnel who then enter onto the land mine field. Also, this approach would not be used during a war where troops are required to engage the enemy from the beach.
Also, land mines are often buried 6 inches beneath the sand on a beach and also beneath the sand under two or more feet of water. Conventional approaches fail to effectively counter such tactics during wartime.


The polyurethane resin composition comprises a main agent (I) which comprises an urethane prepolymer (A) with an isocyanate group terminal and a hardener (II) which comprises an urethane prepolymer (B) with a hydroxyl group terminal, wherein the urethane prepolymer (B) with the hydroxyl group is a product of reaction between a polyol ingredient (a) comprising a castor oil-based polyol (a1) and a polyisocyanate (b) can inhibit the hollow fiber membranes from clogging, regardless of the kind thereof, when the composition is used as a binder for hollow fiber membranes.

Polyurethane resins are used as binders for hollow fiber membranes. For example, patent document 1 proposes a polyurethane resin composition for use as a binder for hollow fiber membranes, wherein a polyol ingredient which includes a polyol obtained by modifying castor oil or a castor oil/fatty acid with a trimethylolalkane and an isocyanate ingredient are used. However, since there are many kinds of hollow fiber membranes which differ in pore diameter depending on intended uses, conventional resin compositions have s a problem that there are cases where some kinds of hollow fiber membranes are clogged.

Polyurethane resin composition and hollow fiber membrane module produced using same


A user interface for an electronic instrument includes a display that displays a signal and a band marker. The band marker demarks a bandwidth of the signal by marking both a start frequency of the bandwidth and a stop frequency of the bandwidth. The electronic instrument performs a function on the bandwidth of the signal between the start frequency and the stop frequency.

The present invention concerns display of signals by testing devices and pertains particularly to markers used in the calculation and display of band functions.
When using a Spectrum analyzer, it is sometimes desirable to measure power or power density within a particular frequency range. This has been accomplished, for example, by using two separate markers to define each edge of the band of interest. Once a band is marked out, the power within the band can be calculated. See, for example, Measurement Guide and Programming Examples, Agilent Technologies PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers, May 2002, Manufacturing Part Number: E4440-90063, available from Agilent Technologies, Inc., www.agilent.com.
In addition to band power, it is also desirable to measure marker noise. In the past marker noise measurement has been done with a fixed width that is not indicated to a user nor under user control.

Markers used in the calculation and display of band functions


A process for making an alkylate is presented. The process includes mixing an isoparaffin stream with an olefin stream in an alkylation reactor. The alkylation reactor includes a catalyst for performing the reaction. The catalyst is an ionic liquid that is a quaternary phosphonium based ionic liquid, and the reaction is performed at or near ambient temperatures.

The alkylation of paraffins with olefins for the production of alkylate for gasolines can use a variety of catalysts. The choice of catalyst depends on the end product a producer desires. Ionic liquids are catalysts that can be used in a variety of catalytic reactions, including the alkylation of paraffins with olefins. Ionic liquids are primarily mixtures of salts which melt below room temperature, and will form liquid compositions at a temperature below the individual melting points of the constituents.
Ionic liquids are essentially salts in a liquid state, and are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,764,440, 5,104,840, and 5,824,832. The properties vary extensively for different ionic liquids, and the use of ionic liquids depends on the properties of a given ionic liquid. Depending on the organic cation of the ionic liquid and the anion, the ionic liquid can have very different properties. The behavior varies considerably for different temperature ranges, and it is preferred to find ionic liquids that do not require operation under more extreme conditions such as refrigeration.

Alkylation process using phosphonium-based ionic liquids


A sewing machine includes a sewing machine body formed with a cassette mount, a thread cassette having a supply of thread and detachably attached to the cassette mount, and a moving speed limiting unit limiting a moving speed of the thread cassette when the thread cassette is attached to the cassette mount. The moving speed limiting unit includes a moving member capable of moving substantially together with the thread cassette in the course of movement of the thread cassette to a predetermined position in the cassette mount, a rotating member rotated by movement of the moving member, and a rotational resistance applying unit applying rotational resistance to the rotating member.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a sewing machine in which a moving speed at which a thread cassette having a supply of thread is attached to a sewing machine body is limited.
2. Description of the Related Art
There have conventionally been provided sewing machines in which a thread cassette accommodating a supply of thread such as a thread spool is attached to a cassette mount provided in a sewing machine body. A user moves the thread cassette to attach the latter to the cassette mount. In this case, it is preferable that the thread cassette should be moved properly.
However, the user sometimes attaches the thread cassette to the cassette mount at a stroke. Thus, when the moving speed of the thread cassette exceeds a proper one, the thread cassette and/or the cassette mount may be damaged or broken due to a shock during attachment, or equipment installed in the sewing machine for sewing or sewing preparation may be broken.
Furthermore, in sewing machines including a threading mechanism operated in synchronization with attachment of the tread cassette, an operating force from the thread cassette is sometimes transmitted via an operating force transmitting member to the threading mechanism so that the threading mechanism is operated. The transmitting member transmits the operating force from the thread cassette to the threading mechanism. JP-A-2002-191886 discloses one of such sewing machines. In the disclosed sewing machine, the threading mechanism is not sometimes operated properly when the transmitting member moves too quickly. As a result, threading is not sometimes carried out normally, one or more components are sometimes broken or the thread is disturbed.
The foregoing problems also occur in sewing machines in which the operating force from the thread cassette is transmitted via the transmitting member to the thread carrying mechanism during attachment of the thread cassette so that the thread carrying mechanism is operated. Thus, when the transmitting member moves too quickly in these sewing machines, the thread carrying mechanism is operated at a higher speed than a normal operating speed such that the one or more components are sometimes broken or the thread is disturbed.

Sewing machine and thread cassette attached thereto


A container 10 comprising a circumferential sidewall 12 having an integral base wall 14 for support of the container. The container 10 has an open top end 7 closeable by a lid 34. An article support base 24 is displaceable in the container in a guided manner and is provided with a biasing structure 38, 40 which urges it in an upward direction towards the open top end 7 to expose one or more objects 8 placed on the support base 24 and immersed in a liquid 9 which is placed within the container. The support base 24 has a projection 32 which is engageable by the lid 34 to maintain the support base 27 into the liquid 9. Passages 6 permit liquid to be displaced from opposed top and bottom ends of the support base 24. The biasing structure 38, 40 in one embodiment is constituted by a floatation casing 38 and in a further embodiment is constituted by a spring member 40.

Numerous situations exit wherein it is desirable to retrieve solid objects submerged within a volume of liquid, the object and the liquid being both contained in an open-top container typically having a relatively small mouth aperture. One example of such situation exists in the field of food containers. Various types of foodstuff such as olives, pickles, marinated vegetables, condiments and the like are stored in open-top containers wherein they are submerged in a preserving liquid. One of the main drawbacks associated with this type of storage is that the foodstuff is difficult to retrieve from the container especially when it lies near the bottom of the latter. Scooping of the food from the container is at least partially hindered by the side walls of the container while pouring of the food usually results in the concomitant outflow of the preserving liquid, thus leading to messy spills.
Once the food is retrieved from the container it is usually transferred to a serving plate. When some of the food is unused, it is then placed back into the container. During each operation, there exists a risk of contaminating the food, splashing the liquid or spilling the latter. Furthermore, when such a situation occurs, it creates a need for an additional component namely the serving tray.
It is also desirable to store heavier articles, such as metal articles, in liquids, such as oil, and wherein the need arises to retrieve articles from time to time.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,634,569 shows a mechanical means of retracting articles contained in a liquid container. However, the articles cannot be freely arrested and exposed within a top part of the liquid container. One needs both hands to retract the articles, one to hold the support tray and the other to fetch the articles.

Container having an adjustable inner base wall