A waterproof connector includes a housing (20) that accommodates terminal fittings (12). A rubber plug (40) is fit in the housing (20) and a rear holder (50) is mounted behind the rubber plug (40). The rear holder (50) is set in a partially locked state while inserting the terminal fittings (12) and is set in a fully locked state after the terminal fittings (12) are accommodated completely. A lever (80) is assembled with the housing (20) and is moved to assist a connection to a mating connector (90). Movement limiting portions (70) are retracted from a movable range of the lever (80) to permit movement of the lever (80) when the rear holder (50) is in the fully locked state, but are in the movable range of the lever (80) to limit movement of the lever (80) when the rear holder (50) is in the partially locked state.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a waterproof connector.
2. Description of the Related Art
A conventional waterproof connector has a housing for accommodating a terminal fitting, a rubber plug fit on a rear of the housing to seal the interior of the housing and a rear holder mounted behind the rubber plug. The rear holder is set in a partially locked state when inserting the terminal fitting into the housing, but is set in a fully locked state when the terminal fitting is inserted completely.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. H10-12317 discloses a waterproof connector with a rear holder that is configured so that a fixed plate and an intermediate plate are connected by a hinge. The fixed plate and the intermediate plate are formed with an insertion hole that communicates with a through hole of a rubber plug when the rear holder is in the partially locked state. The fixed plate further has a wire clamping hole with a smaller diameter than the insertion hole and communicating with the insertion hole.
The rear holder of the waterproof connector shown in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. H10-12317 is set in the fully locked state by pushing down the fixed plate after the rear holder is in the partially locked state and the terminal fitting is inserted into the insertion holes. The wire clamping hole on the fixed plate moves to overlap a center of the insertion hole when the rear holder is moved from the partially locked state to the fully locked state. Thus, the wire is press-fit into the wire clamping hole and enters a state where a movement of the wire is restricted. Accordingly, a clearance between the rubber plug and the wire due to a displacement of the wire will not be formed, with the result that sealing can be improved.
The waterproof connector described above exhibits a high sealing performance by setting the rear holder in the fully locked state. Thus, it is important to reliably set the fully locked state without forgetting a transition to the fully locked state after the rear holder is set in the partially locked state and the wire is completely accommodated.
The invention was completed based on the above situation and aims to provide a waterproof connector capable of reliably setting a rear holder in a fully locked state.


N-aryl arylsulfonamide derivatives are bradykinin B1 antagonists or inverse agonists useful in the treatment or prevention of symptoms such as pain and inflammation associated with the bradykinin B1 pathway.

This invention is directed to arylsulfonamide compounds. In particular, this invention is directed to arylslulfonamide compounds that are bradykinin antagonists or inverse agonists.
Bradykinin ("BK") is a kinin which plays an important role in the pathophysiological processes accompanying acute and chronic pain and inflammation. Bradykinin (BK), like other kinins, is an autacoid peptide produced by the catalytic action of kallikrein enzymes on plasma and tissue precursors termed kininogens. The biological actions of BK are mediated by at least two major G-protein-coupled BK receptors termed B1 and B2. It is generally believed that B2 receptors, but not B1 receptors, are expressed in normal tissues and that inflammation, tissue damage or bacterial infection can rapidly induce B1 receptor expression. This makes the B1 receptor a particularly attractive drug target. The putative role of kinins, and specifically BK, in the management of pain and inflammation has provided the impetus for developing potent and selective BK antagonists. In recent years, this effort has been heightened with the expectation that useful therapeutic agents with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties would provide relief from maladies mediated through a BK receptor pathway (see e.g., M. G. Bock and J. Longmore, Current Opinion in Chem. Biol., 4:401-406(2000)). Accordingly, there is a need for novel compounds that are effective in blocking or reversing activation of bradykinin receptors. Such compounds would be useful in the management of pain and inflammation, as well as in the treatment or prevention of diseases and disorders mediated by bradykinin; further, such compounds are also useful as research tools (in vivo and in vitro).
Chemical Abstracts No. 108:131304 (1988; German Patent Application DE3544409) discloses compounds of the formula:
as inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. The compound N-[4-[[(2-benzoylphenyl)amino]-sulfonyl]phenyl]acetamide is specifically disclosed.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,403,607 discloses compounds of the formula:
useful as treatment for peptic ulcers.
WO 95/33461 discloses anti-inflammatory compounds of the formula:

Du et al., Chemistry & Biology, 2000, 7(9):733-742 discloses the compound

Kloetzel et al., J. Med. Pharm. Chem., 1959, 1:197-211 discloses the compound

In Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sect. A, 15, 1942, p. 432-end, there is disclosed the compound

The compound N-[4-[[(2-benzoyl-4-chlorophenyl)amino]sulfonyl]phenyl]acetamide is registered with Chemical Abstracts Services as CAS RN 392305-40-7.
PCT Published Application WO03/099773 discloses CCR9 inhibitors of the formula:


An integrated circuit device package may include a flexible substrate having a first wiring, an integrated circuit device having a second wiring, a flexible insulation structure having a first opening and a second opening exposing the first wiring and the second wiring, respectively, a third wiring electrically connecting the first wiring to the second wiring, and a flexible protection member covering the third wiring. A stacked flexible integrated circuit device package may include a flexible substrate, a first flexible integrated circuit device including a first connection pad, a second flexible integrated circuit device including a second connection pad, a connection wiring electrically connecting the first and the second connection pads to an external device, and a flexible protection member disposed on the second flexible integrated circuit device.

1. Field
The invention relates to integrated circuit device packages and method of manufacturing integrated circuit device packages. More particularly, the invention relates to flexible integrated circuit device packages capable of being bent and spread randomly, stacked flexible integrated circuit device packages including a plurality of integrated circuit device packages, and methods of manufacturing the flexible integrated circuit device packages.
2. Related Technology
Recently, as electronic devices is widely used for many applications, packing technologies for an integrated circuit device such as a semiconductor memory device is required to ensure that a recent integrated circuit device package has a high capacity, a thin thickness, a minute size, etc. To meet the requirements of the recent integrated circuit device package, various solutions have been searched. Particularly, a flexible integrated circuit device has been developed, and thus a flexible integrated circuit device package for the flexible integrated circuit device has been developed. For example, a flexible integrated circuit device package is described in Korean Registered Patent No. 643,756. Further, the inventors have invented flexible integrated circuit device packages, and have filed the invention to Korean Intellectual Property Office as assigned Korean Patent Application Nos. 2012-0043577, 2012-0043583 and 2012-0043584.
However, current technologies for the flexible integrated circuit device package do not meet the requirements of the flexible integrated circuit device package, and thus more efficient technologies for the flexible integrated circuit device package are still required. In particular, technologies for stacked flexible integrated circuit device package including a plurality of flexible integrated circuit devices are not properly developed yet.

Integrated circuit device packages and methods for manufacturing integrated circuit device packages


A process for producing a circuit component having a double-sided circuit device between a pair of substrates. The process entails depositing a solder material on contact areas on surfaces of the substrates, placing a first of the substrates within a cavity in a receptacle, and then placing a lead member on the substrate so that the lead member is supported by the receptacle and a portion of the lead member is aligned with a portion of the contact area of the substrate. A fixture is then placed on the lead member and over the substrate so that the fixture is supported by the receptacle. After aligning the circuit device with the contact area of the remaining substrate, the substrate-device assembly is placed in an aperture in the fixture so that a surface of the device electrically contacts the contact area of the first substrate and the opposite surface of the device electrically contacts the contact area of the second substrate. The resulting fixtured assembly then undergoes reflow.

The present invention generally relates to circuit board components, and more particularly to processes for assembling and reflow soldering a double-sided circuit component to a pair of opposing substrates.
Various types of circuit board components have been specifically developed for high current and high power applications, such as hybrid and electric vehicles. Such components often comprise a semiconductor device, such as a diode, thyristor, MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor), IGBT (isolated gate bipolar transistor), resistors, etc., depending on the particular circuit and use desired. Vertical devices are typically formed in a semiconductor (e.g., silicon) die having metallized electrodes on its opposite surfaces, e.g., a MOSFET or IGBT with a drain/collector electrode on one surface and gate and source/emitter electrodes on its opposite surface. The die is mounted on a conductive pad for electrical contact with the drain/collector electrode, with connections to the remaining electrodes on the opposite surface often being made by wire bonding. The pad and wires are electrically connected to a leadframe whose leads project outside a protective housing that is often formed by overmolding the leadframe and die.
Components of the type described above include well-known industry standard package outlines, such as the T0220 and T0247 cases, which are prepackaged integrated circuit (IC) components whose leads are adapted for attachment (e.g., by soldering) to a printed circuit board (PCB). The overmolded housings of these packages protect the die, wire bonds, etc., while typically leaving the lower surface of the conductive pad exposed to provide a thermal and/or electrical path out of the package. Such a path allows the package to be connected to an electrical bus for electrical connection to the PCB, or a heat-sinking mass for dissipating heat from the package. If electrical isolation of the path is necessary, a non-electrically conductive heat-sinking pad is provided between the package and heat-sinking mass. In doing so, the heat-sinking pad increases the thermal resistance of the path, typically on the order of 0.1 to 0.5° C./watt.
A further drawback of packages of the type described above is their size. As an example, in certain high current hybrid vehicle applications, arrays of packages containing MOSFET's in a three-phase configuration are utilized, with two or three devices in parallel per switch. The resulting assembled array may contain, for example, sixteen to twenty-four packages, requiring a relatively large area on the PCB. In high current, high voltage (e.g., 150 to 400 V) hybrid vehicle applications, this situation is exacerbated by the need for paired sets of IGBT's and diodes, with the resulting assembled array twice as many individual packages.
As a solution to the above, commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,812,553 to Gerbsch et al. and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/707,005 (U.S. Patent Publication 2004/0094828) to Campbell et al. disclose double-sided circuit devices that are packaged between a pair of substrates in such a way as to reduce the overall size of the resulting component while also meeting both current and thermal management requirements. There is a need for assembly processes suitable for mass-producing these and other double-sided circuit components.

Process for assembling a double-sided circuit component


In some embodiments, a method for guiding user reading on a screen is provided, the method comprising: determining a reading speed of a user; receiving a selection of a document having an original layout to be read; setting a reading speed for the document; formatting the selected document for presentation to the user on a screen; presenting the formatted document using the original document layout; dividing text in the formatted document into blocks that include a plurality of words; reformatting the blocks based on the layout of the formatted document and punctuation of the document to include at least one word, such that each reformatted block includes less than a predetermined number of characters and the at least one word of the reformatted block is on a single line in the text of the document; and presenting guidance to the user within the formatted document at the set reading speed.

Many online and offline reading applications allow users to read documents (e.g., articles, works of fiction, textbooks, newspapers, magazines, etc.) on a screen. However, studies have shown that, during a normal reading process of an untrained reader, the movement of the eyes of the reader is not a smooth straight line across a line of text from left to right. Rather than that, readers typically go back to read (consciously read-back) and jump back to read (subconsciously read-back) by re-reading a portion of text already read, and this re-reading can consume 30% of total reading time.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide new mechanisms for guiding user reading on a screen.

Methods, systems, and media for guiding user reading on a screen

The Speed Reading Group, Chamber of Commerce Number: 60482605


The present invention provides a shutter assembly for covering an exposed electrical terminal located in a control center into which removably inserts an electrical control device connecting to the terminal. The assembly includes a shutter to cover the exposed terminal when superposed thereover. The shutter has a pivotal axis at one end, so that the opposite end of the shutter pivots away from the exposed terminal and swings clear of the control device to provide access to the terminal. The rotation of the shutter is automatically controlled to expose the terminal when the control device is inserted in the cell and reversibly pivots the shutter to cover the terminal upon removing the control device from the cell. The present invention also provides a method of safely protecting an exposed terminal mounted in a control center. A control center is provided with a partially enclosed framework for removably inserting a control device. Subsequently, a self-contained shutter assembly is installed for supporting a shutter in a superposed relation over the exposed terminals and for controlling the rotation of the shutter to expose the terminal when the control device is inserted in the cell and reversibly pivots the shutter to cover the terminal upon removing the control device from the cell.

Motor control centers, as well as other electrical equipment like switchgear, are equipped with draw-out type protective control devices such as fusible disconnect switches or circuit breakers. These control devices are inserted into individual cells or compartments within the center to establish mechanical and electrical contact with bus bars, load and line stabs, or similar electrical terminals. Where there are several control devices stacked together or otherwise arranged, the terminals usually remain energized when any one of the individual control devices is removed.
The exposed terminals pose a safety hazard. An operator could be severely burned or shocked if the terminals were accidentally touched while servicing the center or installing other components near the terminals. Therefore, when a control device is removed, it is desirable to close off access to the exposed terminals to prevent inadvertent contact with the energized terminals.
There are several prior art shutter arrangements which are mounted to the rear portion of the individual cells in a control center. When the control device is inserted into the cell, shutters slide to different areas to expose the terminals for connection with the control device. The sliding mechanism supporting the shutters is complex and bulky, requiring an intricate interaction with the control device during the insertion procedure for the shutters to open properly. The sliding shutters and accompanying support mechanism occupy a substantial amount of space in the rear portion of the cell. Thus, other components and features of the center are prevented from using this area.
There is a need for a space-saving shutter using an inexpensive, simple assembly which does not interfere with the other components or operation of the control center and the respective control devices. In view of increasing safety requirements for control centers already in operation that do not contain protective apparatus for exposed terminals, there is also a need for a field-installed protective shutter assembly that fits the control center designs of various manufacture.

Protective shutter assembly for electrical terminals and method of using same


A master cylinder includes pressurizing chambers and atmospheric pressure chambers which are in communication with a reservoir provided upstream. The pressurizing chambers of the master cylinder are connected to a brake fluid pressure control valve device through master pressure pipes provided with master cut valves. The atmospheric pressure chambers of the master cylinder bypass the master cut valves and are connected to the brake fluid pressure control valve device through bypass pipes provided with check valves. A pump constituting a brake fluid pressurizing section of the brake hydraulic control valve device suctions the brake fluid from the reservoir preferentially through the bypass pipes provided with the check valves and pressurizes the brake fluid to supply a brake fluid pressure to brake fluid pressure adjust sections.

Recently, this type of the brake device for the vehicle has been positively proposed. For example, in a BBW type brake device disclosed in Patent Literature 1 described below, a slave cylinder generates a brake fluid pressure electrically depending on an operation amount of the brake pedal, and this brake fluid pressure is supplied to the wheel cylinders provided for the vehicle wheels, respectively through a VSA device (i.e., brake fluid pressure control means) to allow a smooth braking by the wheel cylinders with the non-pulsing brake fluid pressure pressurized by the slave cylinder. Further, in this conventional BBW type brake device, when the VSA device (i.e., brake fluid pressure control means) controls the brake fluid pressure to be supplied to the wheel cylinders independently to control a behavior of the vehicle, the slave cylinder is configured to generate the brake fluid pressure depending on a sum of brake fluid pressures required for the wheel cylinders to generate an appropriate brake fluid pressure.


A signal processing circuit for a fiber optic gyroscope which prevents glitches from saturating the photodetector and gain stages of the detection electronics by inserting random noise in the detected signal is disclosed. This technique allows one to control the noise density function, the noise level and the noise spectrum of the detected signal.

Fiber optic gyroscopes (FOGs) are well known in the art. The output of the gyroscope are optical pulses which occur at a rate dependent upon the rate of rotation of the gyroscope. The optical pulses are converted to an analog electric signal by well known photo diode arrays. The FOG instrumentation and display units typically require the gyro signals to be in a digital format; therefore, it is necessary to convert the analog signal to a corresponding digital signal.
One problem with the digital conversion of the analog signal is that random noise in the signal can cause conversion errors. Typically, the older gyro designs produced lower optical power and, accordingly, lower analog signals. Therefore, the signal could be amplified substantially before entering the analog to digital converter. The combination of the photo diode conversion and amplification of the signal typically produced enough RMS noise so that the combination of the random noise and RMS noise could be averaged, offsetting any errors caused by the random noise. However, the development of higher optical power in the FOGs has meant that the front end gain had to be reduced sufficiently to prevent artifacts or "glitches" from saturating the photo detector and gain stages. With the reduction of the front end gain, not enough EMS noise is available to provide adequate noise averaging of the signal, thus, the random noise glitches are still present. Because the A/D converters typically have limited number of bits (typically 8 or 12), even small random noise glitches will cause quantization errors in the A/D conversion.

Fiber optic gyro with noise dither circuit for enhancing A/D conversion resolution


A jet pump system for a water jet propelled boat is disclosed that provides for the adjustment of the area of the water intake opening or the water entry angle as a function of the speed of the boat. During low speed operation, the water inlet opening is adjusted to a maximum area, or the water entry angle is adjusted to a maximum angle to enable sufficient water to enter the water duct and permit efficient impeller operation. As the boat speed increases beyond a predetermined speed, the water inlet area is reduced, or the water inlet angle is reduced to prevent excess water from entering the water duct, thereby reducing the drag on the boat.

The present invention relates to a jet pump system for a water jet propelled boat, more particularly such a system which controls the water inlet as a function of boat speed.
Water jet propelled boats are well-known in the art and typically have a motor driven impeller located in a water duct. Water, which is drawn into the duct through a water intake opening in the bottom of the boat, is accelerated by the impeller and is ejected through a steering nozzle located in the stern of the boat. The reaction force of the water through the nozzle propels the boat forward. The nozzle may be pivoted about a generally vertical axis to steer the boat.
In the past, the water intake opening and the water duct have been made of a rigid material, such as metal or fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) and have been fixed in area. The fixed areas of the water intake opening and the water duct have inherently resulted in a compromise in boat performance. Depending upon the speed of the boat, different dynamic pressures act on the water intake. The dynamic pressures are higher when the boat is running at high speed and are lower when it is running at low speeds. Therefore, in boats where high speed operating characteristics are important, the water intake opening has been designed to have a relatively small area to prevent unneeded water from being introduced into the water duct which thereby increases drag on the boat. The smaller water intake opening allows the boat to achieve optimum speeds.
With the high speed boats, however, their low speed acceleration characteristics are poor. Because of the small area of the water intake opening, which facilitates high speed operation, almost no dynamic pressure is acting upon it during low speed operations. Even if the impeller can draw some water into the water duct, there is increased resistance at the water intake opening, due to its small area, which prevents sufficient water from being drawn into the water duct to achieve good acceleration characteristics.
In boats intended for low speed operation, the water intake opening is designed with a large area to enable sufficient water to be drawn into the opening with little dynamic pressure at low speeds. With this type of boat propulsion, however, the dynamic pressure increases when cruising at high speeds since more water is drawn in than is needed by the pump. This increases pump resistance and lowers the maximum speed.
Thus, the known water jet propelled boats with fixed water intake openings could not achieve both high and low speed optimum operations.
The adjustment of the water intake angle also contributes to the enhanced operational characteristics. When cruising at low speeds, the relative speed between the boat and the water is low and, in a direction parallel to the water intake opening (parallel to the bottom of the boat) there is a low water inflow speed. Therefore, a higher water entry angle at low speeds allows water to flow into the duct without significant resistance. This results in good low speed acceleration characteristics.
When operating at high speeds, however, because of the greater water entry speed in a direction parallel to the water intake opening, water becomes detached from the leading edge of the water inlet, thereby increasing the duct resistance, lowering intake efficiency and lowering maximum speed. If the water entry angle is reduced at the water intake opening, this high speed shear is prevented, thereby enhancing high speed operation. However, this increases the intake resistance at the water intake opening during low speed operation and causes poor acceleration characteristics.

Jet pump system for a water jet propelled boat


An integrated, vacuum-driven shed blood processing system that collects, dilutes, filters and washes postoperatively shed blood and concentrates red blood cells for reinfusion to the patient. The location of the centrifuge bowl between the surgical site and the vacuum source used to clean the site allows the immediate collection of shed blood in the bowl without an intermediate reservoir or an additional pump. In conjunction with a modified centrifuge bowl having a sealed aperture in its floor that permits reinfusion directly from the bowl without an additional reinfusion bag or reverse pump, this configuration processes blood for reinfusion using fewer steps and components yet without loss of functionality. Dilution of the blood upon its introduction into the system reduces the tendency to coagulate and allows the use of lower bowl rotation speeds. Slower rotation reduces red blood cell damage and lowers power requirements, which improves portability.

Recovery and reinfusion of blood lost due to surgery rather than transfusion of donor blood preserves blood bank resources and eliminates the risk of transmitting infection and of adverse reaction due to donor incompatibility. Even when the amount of blood lost does not indicate transfusion, recovery and return of shed blood can benefit the patient.
Conventionally, shed blood is collected intraoperatively from an open surgical site using a hand-held suction wand. Postoperatively, a drainage tube under controlled suction removes blood from the closed cavity. The required suction is routinely provided by vacuum pumps because of the easily regulated negative pressure they provide and their relative low cost compared to other types of pumps.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,965,896 discloses an apparatus that withdraws blood from a surgical site by vacuum, filters it, adds an anticoagulant, and delivers the admixed blood to a reservoir from which it can be reinfused into the patient. Although the filtration removes blood clots and fragments of bone and other tissue, it leaves anticoagulant, cellular debris, toxins, and irrigation fluid in the blood. These elements should preferably be removed before reinfusion. Also, withdrawal of the lighter blood components, such as plasma and white blood cells, and reinfusion of only the red blood cells helps reduce bleeding.
For these reasons, it is desirable to wash the shed blood and concentrate the red blood cells following filtration and anticoagulation. Centrifugation is a commonly applied technique for performing these tasks. A typical centrifuge bowl for this application is the so called Latham bowl, described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,300,717. Blood enters through an inlet tube into a separation chamber. Rotation of the bowl separates blood in the separation chamber into its components according to density, with the red blood cells collecting at the periphery of the bowl and the various lighter components forming concentric cylinders of successively smaller radii. As the bowl fills, the red blood cells displace the lighter components, concentrated near the center, out of the bowl through an exit port to a waste receptacle. A saline washing solution may then be added to enhance segregation of entrained lighter blood components and other undesirable elements. These bowls usually operate at about 4000 to 6000 rpm.
In a typical shed blood processing system using centrifugation for washing and concentrating red blood cells, such as is described in U.S. application Ser. No. 08/036,430, shed blood from the surgical site flows into an intermediate holding reservoir under negative pressure provided by a vacuum source. When the amount of blood in the holding reservoir has reached a desired level, the blood is drawn from the holding reservoir by a peristaltic pump, and propelled through the pump and into a centrifuge bowl. Rotation of the centrifuge bowl segregates undesirable elements and concentrates the red blood cells in the bowl. After stopping rotation of the bowl, the red blood cells are removed by operation of the peristaltic pump in reverse mode to draw the cells out of the bowl, back through the pump and into a reinfusion bag from which the red blood cells can be returned to the patient by simple gravity-fed infusion.
Several minor variations based to this approach have been disclosed. For example, the vacuum action may also draw anticoagulant into the fluid stream, as in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,668,214 and 5,234,403. Transfer from the holding reservoir to the washing apparatus may be accomplished by gravity rather than by the action of a pump, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,215,519 and published PCT Application No. 89/01792. A filter may be incorporated into the system at any of several locations, as in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,311,908 and 5,234,403.
However, in all of these systems the initial collection of shed blood and its subsequent transfer to the centrifuge bowl for processing are performed separately, using physically distinct components. Intermediate reservoirs between the patient and the centrifuge bowl are used both in filling and emptying the bowl, and the system may even employ a supplementary pump, in addition to the vacuum source used for draining the surgical site. Allowing for retrieval of the concentrated red blood cells without dismounting the bowl further requires that such a supplementary pump be bidirectional. This multiplicity of pumps and reservoirs is costly and inefficient.

Apparatus for collection, washing, and reinfusion of shed blood


A two-way stretch disposable diaper formed from four cooperating layers, a microfiber top layer to keep the wearer dry, an absorbent pad to collect body exudates, a waterproof layer to keep absorbed fluids within the pad, and a two-way stretch outer support layer. The top layer is formed as a cover for the absorbent pad which is designed to absorb urine and semi-liquid fecal material. The absorbent pad is backed by the waterproof layer or sheet which also covers the pad edges to prevent side leakage. The waterproof layer is anchored to a self-adhesive, two-way stretch support layer which constitutes an outer cover or support layer. The support layer derives its two way stretch and self adhesive qualities from its weave of alternate twist and/or crinkle threads. The support layer includes a plurality of holes in the waist band area which provide added ventilation and drainage when the diaper is used as swim-wear.

Infants and other incontinent individuals wear absorbent articles such as diapers and incontinent briefs to receive and contain discharged urine and other body exudates. Such absorbent articles function both to contain the discharged materials and to isolate those materials from the body of the wearer and from the wearer's garments and bed clothing. Disposable absorbent articles having many different basic designs are known in the art. For example, Duncan et al., U.S. Reissue Pat. No. Re. 26,152, for "Disposable Diaper," issued Jan. 31, 1967, describes a basic disposable diaper structure that has achieved wide acceptance and considerable commercial success.


A bio-trickling filter box device capable of purifying organic wastewater and generating electricity is provided, which includes battery component(s) and a bio-trickling filter box component. The battery component(s) is provided in the bio-trickling filter box. The other end of each of trickling filter tube(s) is connected with a water tank. A water pump operates to make water flow through the trickling filter tube(s), pass through leakage holes and trickling holes, and drip into the battery component(s) in a water-drop manner, so as to supply an electric apparatus component with power. The bio-trickling filter box component(s) and the battery component(s) are combined, and the long-term impingement of water droplets on the battery component(s) can accumulate electric charge and generate the electricity. so as to provide power required by the electric apparatus component, which forms a biological treatment system that generates the power while treating the wastewater.

A process of the bio-trickling filter tank belongs to a bio-membrane process in a sewage biological treatment. The advantages of the process of the bio-tricking filter tank include a small footprint for easy operation and management, a low sludge generation, no sludge bulking, as well as a higher sludge age and a relatively stable biological phase. Compared with the ordinary bio-trickling filter tank, a bio-trickling filter tank with multi-layers is easier to disassemble and replace filler, and conducive to uniformly distributing the water.
Microbial fuel cells are a kind of energy converter that can directly convert the organic matter into electric energy. The microbial fuel cells may be used in the sewage treatment to achieve the dual effects of wastewater treatment and electric energy regeneration. In recent years, with the deepening of research in this field, the microbial fuel cells with air cathodes have gradually become the mainstay. Because the endless supply of oxygen in the atmosphere has high redox characteristics. And thus, the oxygen is suitable as the most common electron acceptor for cathodes. However, the existing microbial fuel cells with air cathodes mostly use Nafion material as a proton membrane. Accordingly, the disadvantage of the existing microbial fuel cells is that the cost is too high, which limits the range of use to be wide.

Bio-trickling filter box device capable of purifying organic wastewater and generating electricity


A cutter element for an earth-boring tool, comprising a polycrystalline diamond (PCD) volume joined at an interface boundary to a cemented carbide substrate. The PCD volume includes a rake face opposite the interface boundary, an edge of the rake face being suitable as a cutting edge of the cutter element. The PCD volume comprises a plurality of strata directly joined to each other at inter-strata boundaries, in which each of a first plurality of the strata comprises PCD material having a first diamond content; each of a second plurality of the strata comprises PCD material having a second diamond content; the second diamond content being greater than the first diamond content; and the strata of the first and second pluralities disposed in an alternating arrangement with respect to each other. The strata are configured and arranged such that a radial line through the edge and a centroid of the interface boundary intersects, within 1,000 microns from the edge, each of the inter-strata boundaries, and the respective tangent plane to each inter-strata boundary at the respective intersection is disposed relative to the radial line at no less than a minimum angle of 30°.

U.S. Pat. No. 8,590,643 discloses a polycrystalline diamond (PCD) body comprising compressed layers inter-leaved with tensile layers, respectively comprising different grades of PCD material, and joined to each other by direct diamond-to-diamond bonding. The PCD body may be bonded to a cemented carbide support body, configured for use as a tool such as a drill bit for boring into the earth, or as a pick or an anvil for degrading or breaking hard material such as asphalt or rock. The compressed and tensioned layers may be about 50 microns to about 500 microns thick; they may be arranged substantially parallel to a working surface of the PCD body, or inclined or curved in relation to the working surface.
U.S. Pat. No. 9,428,967 discloses a PCD body for a cutting element, comprising ordered regions having different respective properties, such as different mean grain sizes, and/or different content of super-hard material per unit volume. The regions define a grain interface having a curved portion in a vertical cross-section of the PCD body
There is a need for super-hard cutter elements for boring into the earth that exhibit extended working life, particularly but not exclusively for oil or gas drilling, and for earth boring tools comprising the cutter elements.

Polycrystalline diamond cutter element and earth boring tool


A system receives signals indicative of cardiopulmonary conditions sensed by a plurality of sensors and provides for monitoring and automated differential diagnosis of the cardiopulmonary conditions based on the signals. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema is detected based on one or more signals sensed by implantable sensors. If the cardiogenic pulmonary edema is not detected, obstructive pulmonary disease and restrictive pulmonary disease are each detected based on a forced vital capacity (FVC) parameter and a forced expiratory volume (FEV) parameter measured from a respiratory signal sensed by an implantable or non-implantable sensor. In one embodiment, an implantable medical device senses signals indicative of the cardiopulmonary conditions, and an external system detects the cardiopulmonary conditions based on these signals by executing an automatic detection algorithm.

The heart is the center of a person's circulatory system. It includes an electro-mechanical system performing two major pumping functions. The left portions of the heart draw oxygenated blood from the lungs and pump it to the organs of the body to provide the organs with their metabolic needs for oxygen. The right portions of the heart draw deoxygenated blood from the organs and pump it into the lungs where the blood gets oxygenated. In a normal heart, the sinoatrial node, the heart's natural pacemaker, generates electrical impulses, known as action potentials, that propagate through an electrical conduction system to various regions of the heart to excite myocardial tissues in these regions. Coordinated delays in the propagations of the electrical impulses in a normal electrical conduction system cause the various regions of the heart to contract in synchrony such that the pumping functions are performed efficiently.
A blocked or otherwise damaged electrical conduction system causes irregular contractions of the myocardium, a condition generally known as arrhythmia. Arrhythmia reduces the heart's pumping efficiency and hence, diminishes the blood flow to the body. A weakened myocardium has decreased contractility, also resulting in diminished blood flow. A heart failure patient usually suffers from both a damaged electrical conduction system and a weakened myocardium. The diminished blood flow results in insufficient blood supply to various body organs, preventing these organs to function properly and causing various symptoms. For example, in a patient suffering decompensated heart failure, an insufficient blood supply to the kidneys results in abnormal fluid retention and increased central vascular pressure, and hence, cardiogenic pulmonary edema as well as edema in other organs.
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema shares common symptoms with pulmonary diseases such as obstructive pulmonary diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Such common symptoms include difficulty of breathing, wheezing, and shortness of breathing. Safe and effective treatment for heart failure patients with cardiopulmonary comorbidities depends on differentiation of cardiogenic pulmonary edema from pulmonary diseases such as asthma and COPD. For example, beta-blockers (or beta-adrenergic blockers, pharmaceutical agents) are used to treat heart failure by reducing myocardial oxygen demand, resulting in improved cardiac functional status. However, beta-blockers are also known for their side effects including potential worsening of pulmonary conditions. Thus, heart failure patients who also suffer from asthma or COPD should be monitored while taking beta-blockers. While patient examinations in a doctor's office provide for the diagnosis of whether a heart failure patient also suffers asthma, biweekly titration of beta-blockers presents a challenge to an efficient and effective treatment.
For these and other reasons, there is a need for an efficient method and system to monitor the treatment of heart failure patients with cardiopulmonary comorbidities.

Method and apparatus for monitoring heart failure patients with cardiopulmonary comorbidities


Rack storage and retrieval device for a rack storage facility, the rack storage and retrieval device comprising a carriage with a carriage drive to move the carriage on a base, a loading/removing rod that can be displaced by means of a lifting drive transverse to the base, at least one loading drive arranged on the loading/removing rod to load the rack storage facility with goods, and a separating unit for a separate removal of the goods from the rack storage facility.

A rack storage and retrieval device is known from DE 198 50 163 A1. In order to allow a separate removal of goods from a rack storage facility, a controllable stopper element is in each case provided on the storage rods of the rack storage facility. The stopper elements are in each case controllable by means of a control device, so that goods to be retrieved from storage can be released by means of the stopper element on the guide rods. The outlay in terms of apparatus and, in particular, control for a storage facility of this type and, in particular, the rack storage and retrieval device cooperating therewith is large. The placing of separate goods into storage and retrieving them is expensive.
A gripper system for removing individual goods from a rack storage facility is known from DE 20 201 008 717 U1. DE 195 00 612 A1 relates to a codable adaptor for use with a suspension conveyor system. DE 298 04 038 U1 relates to a separator for hangers hanging on conveyor sections.
A rack storage facility in the form of a high-rack storage facility is in each case known from DE 10 2007 013 863 A1, from DE 102 14 471 A1 and from DE 10 2008 025 778 A1, with a rack storage and retrieval device which, on the one hand, is used to load the high-rack storage facility and, on the other hand, to remove goods from the high-rack storage facility. For this purpose, goods, in particular clothing items arranged on clothes hangers, are arranged on a storage rod of the high rack and the complete storage rod equipped with goods is removed by the rack storage and retrieval device and transported away. The rack storage facilities mentioned allow a removal of goods exclusively in large quantities. Goods that are not required and retrieved from storage have to be sorted and then either stored in the high-rack storage facility or at a location. In any case, an additional storage of the goods that are not required but have nevertheless been retrieved from storage is necessary. The removal of goods from a high-rack storage facility of this type is laborious.

Rack storage and retrieval device for a rack storage facility, rack storage facility with a rack storage and retrieval device of this type and method for the separate removal of goods from a rack storage facility of this type


An oligonucleotide composition is provided. The subject composition comprises: a mixture of at least 10 of sets of oligonucleotides, wherein each of the sets of oligonucleotides comprises at least 100 different oligonucleotides of the following formula: X1—V—X2, wherein: X1 and X2 provide binding sites for a pair of PCR primers and V is a variable region that has a variable nucleotide sequence that is complementary to one or more discrete regions of a mammalian genome; the nucleotide sequences of X1 and X2 are the same for each oligonucleotide of a set and different for oligonucleotides of different sets; and the variable regions of each set are complementary to different discrete regions of said mammalian genome. Methods of using the composition and kits containing the composition are also provided.

Chromosomal rearrangements are a type of genomic variation, which have been long been associated with genetic diseases such as Down syndrome (a trisomy), Jacobsen syndrome (a deletion) and Burkitt's lymphoma (a translocation) and have traditionally been studied via karyotype analysis. Genomic instability also leads to complex patterns of chromosomal rearrangements in certain cells, such as, for example, cancer cells.
Standard cytogenetic assays such as Giemsa (G) banding have identified numerous cancer-specific translocations and chromosomal abnormalities in cancer cells such as the Philadelphia (t9,22) chromosome. Improvements in cytogenetic banding and visualization such as M banding and spectral karyotyping (SKY) have enabled detailed analyses on a chromosome by chromosome basis of inversions and translocations, as well as the identification of regions of loss in cancers of interest. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) further allows for the detection of the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences on chromosomes by using fluorescent probes that bind to only those parts of the chromosome with which they show a high degree of complementarity. All of these methods, however, have limited resolution since probes are generated from large pieces of DNA (flow-sorted chromosomes or bacterial artificial chromosomes for SKY and FISH, respectively). Because these probes are generated over very large regions of the genome, microtranslocations and microinversions cannot be resolved by current methods. The large templates from which probes are generated also present another disadvantage, in that both SKY and FISH probes contain repetitive DNA elements that are inherent in the large template DNA fragments. Thus, there has been an increasing need to understand more subtle chromosomal defects with substantially improved resolution, and without a priori knowledge of their location. A large unmet need exists to develop technical methods that detect novel, specific chromosomal abnormalities.
In one aspect, there is a need to avoid non-specific amplification of starting probes, which can lead to random amplification bias. There is also a need to create probes of a designated length consistently as fragments generated in current PCR processes are often too long to be used effectively in FISH, such that they require partial digestion by restriction enzymes which is difficult to control. There is also a need to target chromosomal regions by color on a very fine level such that microduplications, microinversions and microdeletions can be detected. Current techniques allow for painting of chromosomes in sections, however, the smallest unit that can be painted in one color is 10 megabases. There is also a need for utilization of standard laboratory equipment for the visual detection of signals from labeled probes such that special filters, software and processing steps are not required.
Certain aspects of this disclosure address these needs and describe methods and kits for practicing the same.


A hollowed pet treat for medicating a pet is provided including a vial constructed entirely of an edible product and defining an interior space and an open top. Next provided is a cap formed entirely of the edible product for being removably coupled to the open top of the vial for containing a predetermined medicine within the interior space.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to pet medicine delivery systems and more particularly pertains to a meat product pet medicine capsule for administering various types of pet medicine to a dog or cat.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of pet medicine delivery systems is known in the prior art. More specifically, pet medicine delivery systems heretofore devised and utilized are known to consist basically of familiar, expected and obvious structural configurations, notwithstanding the myriad of designs encompassed by the crowded prior art which have been developed for the fulfillment of countless objectives and requirements.
Known prior art pet medicine delivery systems include U.S. Pat. No. 4,857,333; U.S. Pat. No. 4,163,065; U.S. Pat. No. 4,220,152; U.S. Pat. No. 4,904,495; U.S. Pat. No. Design 254,337; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,270,064.
In these respects, the meat product pet medicine capsule according to the present invention substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art, and in so doing provides an apparatus primarily developed for the purpose of administering various types of pet medicine to a dog or cat.


An image processing apparatus and method for performing the steps of grouping colors of a multi-pixel image stored in a memory into sets of colors, determining the average color of each set of colors, selecting a target color, for each set of colors, from a plurality of predetermined target colors, the selected target color being the predetermined target color that is closest to the average color of the set, and remapping the color of each pixel of the image stored in the memory to the target color selected for the set including that pixel. The method and apparatus are applicable to multigeneration color image reproduction devices such as color facsimile machines, color photocopiers, and the like.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to color image processing methods and apparatus for eliminating errors associated with multigeneration color image reproductions. More particularly, the present invention relates to image processing methods and apparatus for eliminating multigeneration color image reproduction errors in color reproduction devices such as color facsimile machines, color photocopiers, and the like.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
U.S. Pat. No. 4,974,071 teaches an apparatus for encoding color image data. Further, U.S. Pat. No. 4,941,038 discloses a method for color image processing.
FIG. 1 shows a conventional image reproduction apparatus. The apparatus includes an image input device 1, for inputting an image to be reproduced, and an image output device 7, for outputting an image reproduction corresponding to the input image. The function of the apparatus is to output an image reproduction which corresponds as closely as possible to the image input by image input device 1.
When reproducing an image (e.g., when making a photocopy of an image displayed on an original document), the image must first be input into the reproduction apparatus. This input function is typically carried out using a standard image input device 1. Various types of image input devices are known. For example, the image can be input using a scanner (as in a photocopier device), or it can be built up by an operator on a CRT and then input from the CRT according to known principles.
After being input, the image (i.e., data representing the image) is stored in an image buffer 3. The image buffer is generally a rewritable memory device such as a RAM (random access memory). If the image to be stored is a color image, then RGB (red, green, blue) values are produced by the image input device 1 and stored in image buffer 3 as the image representation. Alternatively, the image input device 1 could produce L*a*b* (lightness, red-green axis, yellow-blue axis) color space coordinates representing the image to be stored in the image buffer 3. A further alternative would be to convert RGB values produced by the image input device 1 into L*a*b* color space coordinates, and then store the resulting L*a*b* color space coordinates in the image buffer 3 as the image representation.
The representation of a color image using RGB values and L*a*b* color space coordinates is well known, as evidenced by the following articles written by P. Laihanen, incorporated herein by reference: "Optimization of Digital Color Reproduction on the Basis of Visual Assessment of Reproduced Images," Proceedings of the SID, Volume 30, No. 3, pp. 183-190 (1989), and "Color Reproduction Theory Based on the Principles of Colour Science," Advances in Printing Science and Technology, June 1987 Conference, Pantech Press, London (1988). Conversion between RGB values and L*a*b* color space coordinates is also well known.
After storing the image in the image buffer 3, the image is subjected to color correction processing by color correction circuitry 5. The color correction circuitry 5 commonly takes the form of a calibrated device for converting the image data stored in the image buffer 3 to a form that will allow the image output device 7 to output a faithful reproduction of the image input to the image buffer 3 from image input device 1. For example, the color correction circuitry could be a device for converting the image data output from image buffer 3, which is in the form of RGB values or L*a*b* color space coordinate values, into CYM (cyan, yellow, magenta) values, which are applicable for use in the image output device 7.
In apparatus such as the image reproduction apparatus shown in FIG. 1, it is often the case that differences exist between the color characteristics of the image input by the image input device 1 and the color characteristics of the reproduced image output by the image output device 7. Such color errors are usually measured in L*a*b* color space because it is perceptually uniform (e.g., two greens separated by a difference of one unit in L*a*b* color space look as different as two reds separated by the same distance in L*a*b* color space). In L*a*b* color space, the L* axis represents lightness, the a* axis is the red-green axis, and the b* axis is the yellow-blue axis. An example of the representation of a color image in L*a*b* color space is shown in FIG. 2. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the colors contained within the image lie within an identified volume 100, which is called the color gamut of the image.
With reference to FIG. 2, it is known that a color difference as small as one or two L*a*b* units is just noticeable under ideal conditions (e.g., where low noise colors are positioned adjacent to each other). However, much larger errors are acceptable between an original image to be reproduced and the reproduction of the image (e.g., a photocopy reproduction of the image). For example, opaque copies made of opaque originals using photographic techniques generally have RMS (root mean square) color errors of about 15 L*a*b* units, where the average is taken over the set of colors found in standard color checker apparatus. Zerographic digital copiers are known to perform much better. For example, various models of zerographic digital copiers have been known to have color errors in the range 7 to 12 L*a*b* units.
In multigeneration copying (i.e., the making of copies using copies as originals), however, the color errors generally build up with each generation of copies. For example, in xerographic digital copiers, the RMS error between the original and a third generation copy (i.e., a copy of a copy of a copy of the original) is 25 to 30 L*a*b* units, which is a very large fraction of the distance from one side of the useful region of L*a*b* color space (about 100 L*a*b* units) to the other. As a result, a third generation copy is usually an unacceptable reproduction.
A major advantage that black and white image reproduction apparatus have over color image reproduction apparatus is that black and white image reproduction apparatus are capable of making high quality reproductions of reproductions (i.e., high quality copies of copies). High quality multiple generation copies can be made of high contrast black and white originals (as opposed to gray originals) in black and white image reproduction apparatus because the images of such originals can be easily quantized. Nevertheless, because it is difficult to quantize color originals, multigeneration reproductions or copies produced by color image reproduction apparatus are low in quality (i.e., high in errors) as compared to miltigeneration reproductions produced by black and white color image reproduction apparatus.

Methods and apparatus for multigeneration color image processing


An optoelectronic module having a package encapsulating an optoelectronic device, a triplicated sleeve having a lower metal ring, an intermediate insulating ring and an upper metal cover which are coupled by press-fitting in concentric disposal, and a receptacle fitted upon the upper metal cover. The optoelectronic module does not emit noise radio waves or is not subject to external noise. The module satisfies the stipulated standard that an electric field should be less than 54 dBμV/m at a 3 meter distant measuring spot in a frequency range higher than 1 GHz.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an optoelectronic module (light emitting device or light receiving device) for allowing the module to be attached to and detached from an external optical fiber. There are two types of optical modules for coupling an optoelectronic device with an optical fiber. One is a receptacle type module. The other is a pigtail type module. The pigtail type faces an end of an intermediate fiber with an optoelectronic device in a housing and permanently fixes the fiber to the housing. The rest of the intermediate fiber projects outward from the module. The other end of the intermediate fiber is fixed in an optical connector which allows a ferrule holding an end of an external optical fiber to detachably combine with. Thus in the pigtail type module, the fiber confronting the optoelectronic device is tightly fixed to the housing of the module.
The receptacle type module couples an optical fiber with an optoelectronic device by mounting the optoelectronic device into a housing having a cylindrical sleeve therein, inserting a ferrule holding an end of an optical fiber via an end hole of the housing, facing the fiber end with the optoelectronic device, aligning the fiber end to the optoelectronic device and fixing the ferrule to the housing. A lot of receptacle type modules have been utilized. Receptacle type modules require alignment of an optoelectronic device, a lens and an optical fiber before fixation of a package including the optoelectronic device, the lens holder and the receptacle for sustaining the ferrule. All the components, the package (stem & lens holder), the sleeve and the receptacle are made of metal.
2. Description of Related Art
A module containing a laser diode has a problem. The laser diode is driven at a driving frequency fd by a driving circuit. The driving frequency fd increases with an increment of the amount of information. High driving frequency induces the module to emit radio wave of the driving frequency fd in air. Nothing serious is not caused by the radiation of the driving frequency radio wave fd from the laser module in usual cases. However, sometimes the radio wave of the driving frequency fd emitted from the laser module acts as noise and causes troubles on other electronic apparatus. Thus, noise emission from laser modules has been regulated by rules. A structural contrivance of prohibiting laser modules from emitting noise radio waves is ardently desired.
There is a standard named FCC Part 15 for regulating properties of optoelectronic modules in the United States of America. FIG. 7 demonstrates an apparatus for measuring radio wave levels at some distance induced by an object optoelectronic module for examining the properties. In an electromagnetism shielding room which inhibits external radio waves from entering, a table 43 is placed upon a reference ground 42. The object optoelectronic module 44 is laid upon the table 43. A stand 45 is laid on the reference ground at a point separated from the module by a standard distance. A horizontal arm 46 is sustained at a height by the stand 45. The height of the arm 46 is adjustable. An antenna 47 is fixed at a front end of the arm 46. The distance from the module 44 to the antenna 47 should be adjusted to a standard length (3 meters or 10 meters). The laser module is driven by a driving circuit with a driving frequency fd, a radio wave of the same frequency fd is emitted from the receptacle of module. The receptacle of the module acts as an antenna. The radio waves flying from the module are caught by the antenna 47 of the measuring apparatus. The measuring apparatus analyzes electric field intensity (dBμV/m) of radio waves per unit frequency and obtains an electric field spectrum sensed by the antenna 47 in the electromagnetism shield test chamber.
The formal standard distance between the object module and the testing antenna is stipulated to be 10 m in the US standard of FCC Part 15. The critical values which should be margins of allowable electric fields are different for frequencies. There are two kinds of standards. One is Class A. The other is Class B. Class B is more rigorous than Class A. Class B requests more sophisticated modules than Class A. The stipulated distance is 10 meters. The 10 m distance requires a very wide electromagnetism shield room. Then the critical electric field intensity is reduced from the 10 m distance values to calculate values of a shortened distance of 3 meters. The reduction from the 10 m distance to the 3 m distance can be done only by relying upon pure physics. A lower frequency range from 10 kHz to 1 MHz induces a difference of about 30 dB between the 10 m distance measurement and the 3 m distance measurement. A higher frequency range from 100 MHz to 10 GHz induces a difference of about 20 dB between the 10 m distance measurement and the 3 m distance measurement. There is a reduction table which determines the relations of allowable margins (critical values) between the 3 m case and the 10 m case. Table 1 denotes the critical values (allowable margins) of Class A and Class B from 30 MHz to 960 MHz on the 3 m distance measurement.
TABLE 1Frequency-dependent critical electric fields stipulated by FCC Part 15FrequencyLevel [dBμV/m][MHz]Class AClass B30–8849.540 88–2165443.5216–96056.946960<6054
Class B proposes more rigorous request than Class A. Thus, Class B matters for the present invention. Attention should be paid to Class B. The US standard requires electric fields less than the stipulated critical values in the whole radio wave spectrum. Background noise (natural noise) is always less than the above-listed values. What matters is the noise at the driving frequency fd at which laser diodes (LDs) or light emitting diodes (LEDs) are driven. When a driving circuit supplies an AC driving current of fd to LDs or LEDs, the driven module emits a radio wave of the driving frequency fd. The emitted radio waves are strengthened with an increase of the driving frequency fd. Here, fd=10.312 MHz is employed as an example of the driving frequency fd at which a laser diode is driven.
In the measurement, the antenna should receive radio waves ranging from 30 MHz to 18 GHz and the measuring apparatus should investigate intensity of an electric field per frequency (electric field spectrum of radio waves). The most significant matter is noise intensity at the driving frequency fd, because the driving circuit may emit a strong radio wave of the driving frequency in air via the module. The allowable upper limit in a range above 960 MHz is 54 dBμV/m in accordance with Class B of FCC Part 15. The electric field caused by optoelectronic modules should be lower than 54 dBμV/m at the driving frequency fd. However, the modules entirely built by metallic parts overreach the critical value. The whole metal modules cannot satisfy the stipulated standard of FCC Part 15, Class B. One purpose of the present invention is to provide an optoelectronic module which satisfies the above-listed standard of FCC Part 15, Class B.
No single antenna can receive such a wide range of radio waves. The measuring apparatus makes use of two kinds of antennae. 30 MHz to 1 GHz radio waves are caught by a bilog antenna. 1 GHz to 18 GHz radio waves are detected by a horn antenna. The spectrum of radio waves emitted from optical modules is measured by an apparatus having the two kinds of antennae and a spectrum analyzer in the electromagnetism shield chamber.
Japanese Utility Model Laying Open No. 4-130460, "OPTOELECTRONIC RECEPTACLE MODULE" proposed an optoelectronic module having an insulator between a package including an optoelectronic device and a receptacle holding an end of an optical fiber.
Insertion of the insulator had purposes of avoiding occurrence of troubles on the optoelectronic device at welding and enabling the module to be applied to both a +5V power source and a −5V power source.
FIG. 6 denotes a sectional view of the proposed module. The module includes a cylindrical receptacle 60 which allows an optical fiber to be attached to or detached from, a cylindrical holder 58 welded to the receptacle 60, a package (55, 56, 57) welded to the holder 58, and an optoelectronic device 50 supported in the package (55, 56, 57). What is important is that the package is divided into three parts (55, 56, 57) in the vertical direction. An upper metal ring 57 and a lower metal ring 55 sandwich a middle insulating ring 56 in the package. An adhesive glues the insulating ring 56 to both the upper metal ring 57 and the lower metal ring 55.
The insulating ring 56 divides the package into two metallic parts 55 and 57. The lower metal ring 55 sustains the optoelectronic device 50. The upper metal ring 57 connects the package to the cylindrical holder 58 and the columnar receptacle 60.
Thus the insulating ring 56 electrically separates the optoelectronic device 50 from the receptacle 60. The receptacle 60 has axial holes 66 and 65 for attaching a ferrule holding an end of an optical fiber. A narrower hole 64 follows the axial holes 65 and 66. A cylindrical lens 63 is fixed at an end of the series of axial holes for converging signal light on the fiber end or the optoelectronic device.
Japanese Utility Model Laying Open No. 4-130460 aimed at avoiding troubles on optoelectronic device induced by welding of the receptacle on the package and caused by contact with other metallic parts at a high voltage. Japanese Utility Module Laying Open No. 4-130460 is indifferent to the stipulated standard of FCC Part 15. No document other than this has found out. Thus Japanese Utility Module Laying Open No. 4-130460 has been cited here.
Japanese Utility Model Laying Open No. 4-130460 electrically separates the receptacle 60 from the optoelectronic device 50 by inserting the insulator 56 midway in the package of the module. The purpose of the interposition of the insulator is to separate the optoelectronic device from the voltage of the receptacle 60, to prevent welding from inducing troubles in the optoelectronic device, to allow both a +5V power source and a −5V power source to drive the optoelectronic module, to suppress shortcutting by a contact with other devices, and to prevent troubles from occurring on operation.
Japanese Utility Model Laying Open No. 4-130460 is different from the present invention in purposes. The present invention aims at suppressing a module from emitting electromagnetic noise to surroundings. Japanese Utility Model Laying Open No. 4-130460 is indifferent to radio noise pollution induced by its own module. Japanese Utility Model Laying Open No. 4-130460 and the present invention, however, have a common contrivance of sandwiching an insulator by the receptacle and the optoelectronic device. The prior art reference is cited now for the reason. No module proposed by Japanese Utility Model Laying Open No. 4-130460 has been produced. Perhaps the assumed necessity of driving the module by binary power sources of +5V and −5V has never been urgent till now.
No actual product has been yet produced by teaching of Japanese Utility Model Laying Open No. 4-130460. Nobody has been aware of actual drawbacks of Japanese Utility Model Laying Open No. 4-130460. The lower package part 55 carrying the optoelectronic chip, the insulating ring 56 and the upper package part 57 are glued at sticking planes 68 and 69 by an adhesive. The holder 58 is welded upon the upper package part 57 at a junction surface 59. The receptacle 60 is welded to the holder at a junction plane 62. The parts are aligned by introducing a light beam along an axial line and are fixed at optimum relative positions. A high degree of freedom of combination in the horizontal direction is an advantage.
On the contrary, Japanese Utility Model Laying Open No. 4-130460 has difficulties;    (1) rigorous precision of assembling package parts,    (2) unstable temperature dependence, and    (3) low reliability.
The above difficulties are induced by the following reasons. Thermal expansion coefficients are quite different for the upper/lower metal parts 55/57 and the insulator 56. Changes of temperature cause expansion or contraction of the insulating part 56 and the metal parts 57/55. The degrees of expansion and contraction are different. Difference of deformation induces axis misalignment and peeling of an adhesive. Neither welding nor soldering is competent for coupling an insulator to metal parts. Japanese Utility Model Laying Open No. 4-130460 glues the insulator to the metal parts with the adhesive. But the adhesive has poor reliability. Shear stress induced by thermal expansion or shrinkage would peel the adhesive.
It is unclear whether a structure of the module made in accordance with the teaching of Japanese Utility Model Laying Open No. 4-130460 satisfies the regulated standards stipulated by FCC Part 15.


Example systems, apparatus, circuits, and other embodiments described herein concern acquiring telemetry data from an MR system and providing the telemetry data via fiber optic cable. One example apparatus includes a telemetry signal acquisition element (e.g., circuit, circuit component) that is configured to acquire a telemetry signal from a component in the MR apparatus. The component may be, for example, a transmit coil or an on-coil amplifier. The example apparatus also includes a fiber optic cable that is configured to carry an output signal from the MR apparatus through a field produced by the MR apparatus. The example apparatus also includes a telemetry signal output element that is configured to produce the output signal from the telemetry signal and to transmit the output signal via the fiber optic cable.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and other magnetic resonance (MR) systems continue to become more sophisticated, powerful, precise, and complicated. MR systems rely on transmit coils to expose volumes to precisely controlled radio frequency (RF) energy. These RF transmit coils have also continued to become more sophisticated, powerful, and complicated. One recent advance involves using on-coil switched-mode current-source amplifiers.
MR involves the transmission of RF energy. RF energy used to produce MR may be transmitted by a coil. Resulting MR signals may also be received by a coil. Precisely controlling the generation of RF energy used to produce MR is desired to improve the resulting MR signals. However, conditions may change during application of RF energy. For example, circuits involved in producing RF energy may over-perform, under-perform, or fail completely. Yet sophisticated integration between numerous co-operating components may be required to produce and maintain precise conditions employed for producing MR.
The field of coil design using on-coil switched-mode amplifiers for parallel transmission is relatively new. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,671,595, which issued on Mar. 2, 2010 to one of these same inventors, presented an early on-coil switched-mode amplifier. U.S. Pat. No. 7,671,595 (the '595 patent) is entitled "On-coil Switched-mode Amplifier for Parallel Transmission in MRI" and describes an on-coil current-mode class-D (CMCD) amplifier that may be used to produce MRI transmission-coil excitations at desired RF frequencies. The on-coil CMCD amplifier is capable of performing within or proximate to the bore of the MRI magnet or within less than one wavelength of the RF signal produced by the transmit coil or at other positions or locations. Providing an on-coil amplifier allows digital control signals to be sent to the coil assembly, improving synchronization between the transmission-coils while reducing interference, cross talk, physical space requirements associated with cables, and heating normally associated with parallel transmission MRI systems.
Once this type of coil had been built, additional research using the new on-coil switched-mode amplifier revealed the need for further refinements including those presented in U.S. Pat. No. 8,294,464, which issued on Oct. 23, 2012 to one of these same inventors and in U.S. Pat. No. 8,294,465, which also issued on Oct. 23, 2012 to one of these same inventors. These patents describe improvements to the on-coil switched-mode amplifiers including the use of CMCD amplifiers, switched-mode pre-amplification, and amplitude modulation (AM) feedback for the on-coil switched-mode amplifiers. Once again, as these on-coil switched-mode amplifiers were built and used, further research revealed the need for further optimizations, particularly in telemetry systems.

Fiber optic telemetry for switched-mode current-source amplifier in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)


A magnetic assembly and a loudspeaker a magnetic assembly. The magnetic assembly has a pole piece that is designed to form an outer air gap and an inner air gap for coaxial voice coils of the loudspeaker. The same magnet is used for the magnetic circuits of the two voice coils. The pole piece is shaped to split the magnetic circuits into a low frequency magnetic circuit and a high frequency magnetic circuit. A convex dome is attached to the high frequency voice coil.

A coaxial loudspeaker has two sound producing elements—a low frequency (LF) element and a high frequency (HF) element, each of them having their own moving assembly including a voice coil. The LF and HF elements have their central radiation axis coincident, so that they produce a coherent wave front.
Broadly speaking there are two types of coaxial loudspeaker. In one, the HF element radiates according to the principle of what is known in the industry as compression drive which relies on a horn to guide the HF wave propagation, resulting in controlled directivity and enhanced sensitivity by acoustic impedance matching. In some implementations the role of the horn is played by the membrane (cone) of the LF element, in others a dedicated horn, inserted in front of the LF cone, is used. In the second type of coaxial loudspeaker the HF element simply comprises a conventional tweeter mechanically secured in front of the LF cone; and the HF element therefore works as a direct radiator as opposed to being horn loaded like in the first type discussed in the preceding paragraph.
If the coaxial concept has some inherent technical advantages, the constraints it brings tend to result in higher manufacturing costs. One of them is the requirement for each coil (LF or HF) to operate in a separate magnetic annular gap, the two gaps having to be concentric to fulfill the condition for coincident radiation axes.
Several methods have been tried in the past to simplify the magnetic assembly of coaxial drivers in order to make them more cost-effective, the first obvious goal being to use only one magnet instead of two.
An early example of a coaxial design using a single magnet is described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,539,672 (1951) by H. Olson. However it should be noted that the permanent magnet used by Olson has a cylindrical shape, and occupies a central location in the mechanical structure. Although it is not explicitly stated by Olson in his patent, it is clear that the magnet material is Alnico, which was the most popular material for loudspeaker magnets at the time. The cost of this material has now become prohibitive such that no cost-effective design can be based on this material nowadays. Today, the two magnet materials commonly in use are ferrite (inexpensive but bulky) and neodymium (very compact and expensive). Ferrite, the less expensive solution, practically dictates the use of a ring shaped magnet.
A later patent by A. Garner (U.S. Pat. No. 4,256,930, 1981) describes another coaxial driver design using a single permanent magnet. In Garner's design, shown in FIG. 4, the magnet 101 is ring shaped as has become the norm for ferrite magnets. As far as the HF element is concerned, this design is of the compression drive type, with a moving diaphragm 110 radiating inwards into air channels through a pole piece 108. These channels extend to a central passage 109 forming a horn as it flares outwards. With respect to the direction of propagation, the HF diaphragm 110 forms a concave dome, which is a very common feature that suits this particular driver design. This is directly related to the fact that the diaphragm 110 is located behind the magnetic assembly made of ring magnet 101, top plate 102, pole piece 108, and rear plate 103. Similarly the air gap intended to receive the voice coil 112 is located at the rear of the magnetic assembly.
Although Garner's design is still popular, it has an inherent shortcoming in the use of the concave dome design 110. In particular, the HF sound eventually propagates within the waveguide as a portion of a diverging spherical wave, but with a concave dome it has to start as a converging wave, then reach an acoustic focal point before expanding again. This adds to the propagation path, and is detrimental to a proper time alignment between the LF and HF elements. In addition, distortion is increased as in this initial propagation path the wave travels with a high acoustic intensity due to the narrow cross-sectional area.
Other more recent attempts to design a single magnet coaxial loudspeaker include the one proposed by J. Peng in U.S. patent 2003/0206641 (2003), which is illustrated in FIG. 5. As shown, the magnetic assembly comprises a ring-shaped magnet 155, a reversed T-shaped pole piece 153 forming together with outer C-shape plate 154 a dual air gap for voice coils 151 and 152. It appears from the drawings of Peng that the HF element of this driver is of the direct radiating type, rather than the compression drive type. The simplicity of this design however relies on the magnet being an internal part of the HF structure, but this limits the size of the magnet and as a result is likely to dictate the use of neodymium which is an expensive material.
The present invention aims to provide an alternative magnetic assembly for a loudspeaker design and to provide an alternative coaxial loudspeaker design using the new magnetic assembly.


A system and method for prealigning a substrate. One embodiment provides a rotor configured to rotate a carrier around a rotation axis in response to a rotation signal. The carrier includes a main surface substantially perpendicular to the rotation axis. The substrate is disposable on the carrier. The substrate includes a main surface and a mark such that an orientation of the substrate with respect to the rotation axis is detectable. An electromagnetic radiation source is configured to illuminate the main surface of the substrate with electromagnetic radiation. An optical/electrical converter is responsive to the electromagnetic radiation reflected back from the main surface, detecting the mark of the substrate and providing a sensing signal. A controller is configured to receive the sensing signal and providing the rotation signal.

Many modern devices are based on integrated-circuit technology and other thin-film technologies. Apart from integrated circuits already mentioned, further examples of such devices are micromechanical devices and sensors for biological, chemical or physical effects. Of course, corresponding micromechanical devices or sensors may be combined on a substrate with integrated circuits so as to integrate for example not only the actual sensor, but also the respective evaluating electronics or pre-processing circuits into the substrate. Integrated acceleration sensors or pressure sensors are examples of this.
Such devices and integrated circuits are typically manufactured in complex manufacturing processes using different thin-film technologies. Deposition processes where, among other things, epitaxial, monocrystalline, polycrystalline or amorphous layers are deposited, implantation processes where a semiconductor material is doped or a semiconductor material's doping is altered, annealing processes and activating processes where the substrate, intermediate or product is subjected to a pre-defined atmosphere and/or temperature profile, patterning processes which may include exposing processes and etching processes and in which patterns are defined for potentially following processes are among the different manufacturing processes. Patterning processes may further include applying a resist, exposure to electromagnetic radiation or particles, one or several developing processes and, maybe, one or more thermal treatment processes or other intermediate processes.
Some of these processes used when manufacturing integrated circuits or other devices as mentioned above appear to make aligning the intermediates with regard to further processes, for instance patterning advisable. Additionally, aligning substrates or intermediates may be advisable for the simple reason that the finished devices may be based on special features depending on the crystal orientation of the substrates, so that aligning the substrate to be processed as precisely as possible may be recommendable even for the first process process.
For these and other reasons, there is a need for the present invention.

System and method including a prealigner


An improved apparatus for a door latch, which enables the user to open the door with a simple pull or push (force) on the door handle, has a door handle, which is removably connected to an actuator, which translates this force to disengage a bolt from the strike plate in the door frame. The bolt has an angled actuator engagement area (AES), which engages a bushing or sliding area on the actuator, such that when said force is applied the actuator, said bushing or sliding area is able to translate said force along the AES and move the bolt from a first position to a second position and to disengage the bolt from the strike plate and to allow the door to be opened. There is also at least one actuator support structure with at least one roller bearing and a roller bearing pin.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to improvements for an apparatus for a door latch.
2. Description of Related Art
Prior to the present invention, most door latches required the user to twist and rotate a door knob or handle around an axis. Existing Push-Pull type door mechanisms typically require a separate device such as mount with paddles to actuate the mechanism. These paddles can only be oriented in one specific direction at a time and force the user to position their hand to match the orientation of the paddle or handle to open the door.
In all spring loaded push-pull designs, the act of pushing or pulling to release the door causes friction between the sliding surfaces in the mechanism including between the bolt and strike plate. As the mechanism is actuated, the spring force increases, which in turn increases friction within the mechanism and bolt and strike plate, so that the user has to apply continually increasing force until the bolt releases from the strike plate.
Current designs are complex mechanisms that take more force to operate due to the number of sliding surfaces and the additional pivot located within the separate paddle/handle mechanism.
Some disadvantages of the design reflected in U.S. Pat. No. 7,607,704: the mechanism starts off with a mechanical disadvantage meaning more force is spent pushing on the door, which increases friction between the bolt and strike plate than is spent drawing the bolt back to release the door. In the design as shown, forces that are exerted by the user beyond the limit of travel of the mechanism create a moment on the screws that mount the bolt housing to the door.
From the preceding descriptions, it is apparent that the devices currently being used have significant disadvantages. Thus, important aspects of the technology used in the field of invention remain amenable to useful refinement.


In a car seat configured to cover a surface of a urethane pad by a trim cover, the trim cover is formed by sewing up a plural number of trim cover members with each other by chain stitch sewing, and by joining a surface on the back side of a portion where the plural number of the trim cover members are sewn up with each other by chain stitch sewing to a flat surface of the surface of the urethane pad by an adhesive.

The present invention relates to a car seat, and relates specifically to a car seat including a trim cover formed by sewing.
A car seat is configured to cover the surface of a urethane pad that is a cushion member by a trim cover, and this trim cover is formed by sewing a plural number of trim cover members. As a method for sewing the plural number of trim cover members, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2017-177993 describes that two of the trim cover members to be sewn up with each other are superposed, and are sewn up with each other by plural rows of seams extending in parallel along the sewing line of two of the trim cover members having been superposed.
Also, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2016-019699 describes a method for superposing and sewing up with two of textiles each other in a state where a tape member is further superposed.
According to such method for sewing the trim cover members as described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2017-177993, because two of the trim cover members are superposed each other and are sewn up with each other by plural rows of the seams, it is hard to subject the superposed portion to fashionable chain stitch sewing that is used for sewing clothes.
On the other hand, although Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2016-019699 describes superposing two of textiles and sewing up the same by a sewing method called "flat seamer", in superposing and sewing such thick fabrics as a vehicular trim cover, it is possible that the end surface of the fabrics shifts from the needle point because the thick fabrics having been superposed are pressed by a vertically moving pressing tool of a sewing machine, a meandering gap is generated in the sewing part, and poor appearance occurs.


A nucleic acid composed of 17–30 nucleotides, which hybridizes with the DNA of dechlorination bacteria preferentially at the chlorinated ethylene-decomposing gene, or a nucleic acid composed of 10–50 nucleotides, which hybridizes with the DNA of dechlorination bacteria preferentially in a region containing the base sequence(s) characteristic to high performance dechlorination bacteria present upstream from the chlorinated ethylene-decomposing gene tceA, to be used for detecting selectively dechlorination bacteria, in particular high performance dechlorination bacteria, by performing a PCR using the nucleic acid mentioned above as the primer and the nucleic acid(s) in the sample bacteria as the template and detecting the thereby synthesized DNA fragments, in order to use the thus identified dechlorination bacteria for an efficient treatment of earth or underground waters polluted by chlorinated ethylene and/or chlorinated ethane.

There has been attempted a technique for decontaminating earth or underground water polluted by chlorinated ethylene or chlorinated ethane, wherein the chlorinated ethylene or chlorinated ethane is subjected to an anaerobic microbiological dechlorination (decomposition) using dechlorination bacteria existing originally in the polluted earth or underground water. For treating the polluted earth or underground water, it has been proposed to introduce such dechlorination bacteria into the polluted earth or underground water. It has been confirmed that such dechlorination bacteria can decompose not only chlorinated ethylene but also chlorinated ethane by means of a chlorinated ethylene-decomposing enzyme present in such dechlorination bacteria. Such a known technique may encounter a problem that it is not guaranteed that a better treating performance, namely, a complete dechlorination will always be attained.
For this reason, there has been a demand for an established method for discriminating preliminarily whether a contemplated dechlorination performance will be attained or not, in the case of treating earth or underground water polluted by chlorinated ethylene and/or chlorinated ethane using dechlorination bacteria. There is further a demand for a method for treating polluted earth or polluted underground water, in which the decontamination can be realized efficiently within a brief time in a reliable manner by utilizing a high performance dechlorination bacterium having a high dechlorination activity selected among the existing dechlorination bacteria.

Nucleic acid, nucleic acid for detecting dechlorination bacteria, probe, method for detecting dechlorination bacteria and method for treating earth or underground water polluted by chlorinated ethylene or chlorinated ethane


To lower the cost of manufacturing a display device, the present invention comprises a step of forming on a first substrate a release layer that releases when subjected to a specific energy, a step of forming on the release layer a plurality of pixel circuits for driving the pixels of the electro-optical device, a step of causing at least one of the pixel circuits formed on the first substrate to face the position on a second circuit, used for disposing the pixel circuits, where the pixel circuits are to be disposed, and electrically connecting that pixel circuit to the second substrate, and a step of imparting energy to a part of the release layer where the pixel circuits to be released are provided, and releasing the one pixel circuit from the first substrate along with the second substrate.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a less expensive method for manufacturing a display device, which makes use of techniques of partial release and transfer to a substrate.
2. Description of the Related Art
Time division gradation drive is a digital drive method for displaying intermediate gradations by using electroluminescence (hereinafter referred to as EL) elements. This time division gradation drive method has been disclosed, for example, in the publication "Active Organic electroluminescence Displays" (2001 FPD Technology Outlook, pp. 747–762), Japanese Laid-Open Patent Applications 2001-166730 and 2001-166749, and elsewhere. This time division gradation drive method provides high image quality with a relatively simple structure.
The above publication discloses a circuit featuring one thin film transistor (hereinafter referred to as a TFT) as an example of a circuit when the electro-optical elements are liquid crystals in a pixel circuit for driving the electro-optical element provided to each pixel in a time division gradation drive method. Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application 2001-166730 discloses a circuit featuring three TFTs as an example of a circuit when electro-optical elements are used as EL elements. An advantage of a display device employing time division gradation drive is the simplicity of the circuit structure, which means that fewer TFTs or other elements are needed.
In the past, there was no good way to manufacture a display device when only a few circuit elements were used, as in a time division gradation drive method. In order to form the display area of a display device, pixel circuits including TFTs were usually manufactured by employing a semiconductor process, and while only a tiny area was needed to form pixel circuits with respect to the surface area involved in image display, this semiconductor process had to be applied to the entire substrate. Consequently, much of the material used in manufacture was wasted, which was one factor in higher manufacturing cost.
Also, the characteristics of EL elements may be compromised by the high temperatures necessary to form TFTs, and this imposed limitations on the manufacturing procedure in that the EL elements could not be formed until after the TFTs had been manufactured first. This problem can be solved by using inter-substrate transfer technology in which a TFT layer formed on a first substrate is released and transferred to a second substrate to manufacture a device, as has been discussed in detail in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Applications H10-125929, H10-125930, and H10-125931 under the title "Release Method." Even with this technology, though, since TFTs are only used in a portion of the wider display area, the release and transfer must be performed for a large-surface area substrate, which wastes material and leads to higher manufacturing cost.
In light of the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a display device at a lower cost through a reduction in the number of elements used in the pixel circuits.

Method for manufacturing electro-optical device, and electro-optical device and electronic device manufactured with this manufacturing method