A juice extractor includes upper and lower cups for supporting the exterior of a fruit and separating the peel therefrom. A strainer tube is mounted to receive the juice and pulp of the fruit. An orifice tube is moveable within the strainer tube. A mounting assembly is positioned on the orifice tube. A drive mechanism engages the mounting assembly for reciprocating the orifice tube within the strainer tube. An alignment bearing is interposed between the mounting assembly and the orifice tube and allows pivotal movement of the orifice tube relative to the mounting assembly to account for any mechanical misalignment. At least one mounting ring is interposed between the alignment bearing and the mounting assembly. The mounting ring is preferably formed from a glass impregnated polyester.

One type of well known juice extractor includes a series of juice extractor units that are ganged together. Each juice extractor unit includes upper and lower cups for supporting the fruit. The sides of both upper and lower cups have fingers that intermesh or interdigitate together. The upper cups are mounted on a common cross bar, which moves in a fixed up and down path by means of a cam-drive positioned at the top of the juice extractor machine. The upper cups move into the bottom cups, which remain rigidly positioned.
A fruit, such as an orange, is initially fed into the bottom cup by a cam-operated feeding device, which deposits the fruit in the bottom cup. The upper cup then descends into the lower cup. The fruit is pressed against sharp circular cutters positioned at the top of a strainer tube adjacent the lower cup, and an upper cutter positioned in the upper cup. The two circular cutters cut plugs into both the top and bottom portions of the fruit as the interdigitating fingers of the two cups mesh together. At the same time, the inner portions of the fruit (i.e., the pulp and juice) are forced down into the strainer tube positioned within a manifold. The peeled surfaces of the fruit do not contact the juice as the interdigitating fingers peel the fruit. After the upper cup has descended toward the lower cup, an orifice tube moves upward into the strainer tube. The orifice tube includes a restrictor in its lower end. The orifice tube applies pressure into the internal portion of the strainer tube to separate juice and pulp within the strainer tube, collect the core material and discharge the core material out of the bottom of the orifice tube. The core material typically includes membrane, seeds and peel plugs.
Typically, the upper and lower cups, orifice tube and strainer tube each form a single juice extractor unit. A number of these units are ganged together within a common frame and forms the juice extractor machine. A drive mechanism engages a mounting assembly that is positioned on the orifice tube and reciprocates the orifice tubes together within the respective strainer tubes. Typically, the drive mechanism is formed from a beam that is vertically moveable on bushings by a cam-driven mechanism.
In order to compensate for any mechanical misalignment, a bearing collar and hemispherical alignment bearing has been positioned in an oil bath with hold-down springs to tie the bearing assembly together. The assembly is interposed between the orifice tube and the mounting assembly to allow the orifice tube to swivel relative to the mounting assembly and reciprocating drive mechanism, such as the drive beam. Typically, the mounting assembly and other components were formed of metal creating an undesirable metal-to-metal contact within the oil bath. The hold-down springs allowed some movement of the mounting assembly and other components over the hemispherical ball of the bearing. Because of the metal-to-metal contact, the lubricated oil bath became important to maintain machinery operability. However, the foreign material sometimes mixed with the oil bath and, thus, the lubricating surface was lost, which could cause operational difficulties. Additionally, the oil had to be replaced every year.


A method of manufacturing a piezoelectric beam is provided. The method includes inserting a piezoelectric body and a pair of roller pins into an injection molding form. Once the piezoelectric body and roller pins are enclosed within the injection mold form a liquefied substance is injected into the injection molding form. The liquefied substance solidifies to substantially permanently affix the roller pins to opposing distal ends of the body.

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
Piezoelectric devices are often used in small, compact, light-weight motor and energy harvesting applications. Piezoelectric motors provide mechanical energy that can be used to generate mechanical work while piezoelectric energy harvesters utilize vibrations from the surrounding environment to produce electrical energy. In motor applications, a voltage is applied to a structure, e.g., a beam, comprising a piezoelectric material that causes the piezoelectric structure to flex or bow. The voltage is applied across one of the piezoelectric layers causing this first layer to elongate, while substantially simultaneously, a reverse voltage is applied across the other piezoelectric layer causing the second layer to shorten. Thus, the beam is caused to bow, or flex, resulting in a physical displacement of at least a portion of the beam. This displacement can be utilized to provide mechanical work. For example, the polarity of the applied voltages can be cyclically alternated such that the portion of the piezoelectric beam that is displaced oscillates between displacement in a first direction and displacement in an opposite second direction. This oscillating displacement can be utilized to provide mechanical energy, or work. For example, the oscillating displacement can be used to drive a piston of a pneumatic device.
In energy harvesting applications, commonly referred to as vibration energy harvesting (VEH), relative motion is developed, and hence energy, between a vibrating structure and a piezoelectric structure, e.g., a piezoelectric beam. Due to the physical characteristics of the piezoelectric beam, this mechanical energy can be converted into electrical energy by developing cyclic stress in the beam. The vibration of the piezoelectric beam results in electrical charge accumulation in a piezo material used in fabrication of the beam. The charge accumulation results in an increase in voltage potential between two points of the piezoelectric beam, e.g., between opposing sides of the beam. This voltage potential can be harvested and used to provide power to various electrical load devices.
In various applications, the piezoelectric beam is constructed of a piezoelectric body having a roller pin at each of opposing distal ends. The body is typically fabricated of a flexible substrate, e.g., a carbon fiber substrate, sandwiched between two layers of piezoelectric material, e.g., two layers of piezoelectric ceramic material. The roller pins are typically affixed to the body distal ends using discrete roller pin tabs. The roller pin tabs are generally a machined composite, e.g., a fiberglass composite, having a flat surface that is affixed to distal ends of the body and reservoir or channel in which the roller pin is affixed, e.g., affixed using an epoxy. Additionally, in many instances, particularly in VEH applications, the piezoelectric beam includes a mounting tab around a center portion of the body that is used to connect the piezoelectric beam to the vibration structure from which energy is to be harvested. Alternatively, in motor applications, the mounting tab can be used to connect a mechanical device to which the beam is to deliver work, e.g., a piston. Typically, the mounting tab is clamped around the body and then glued, e.g., using an epoxy, to the body.
Typically, the body, the rollers, the roller pin tabs and the mounting tab are independently fabricated and then hand assembled to construct the complete piezoelectric beam. Independently fabricating and hand assembling the components requires considerable fabrication costs and assembly time. Accordingly, there exists a need for a less costly and time consuming method of manufacturing such piezoelectric beams.

Piezoelectric bimorph beam manufacturing method


A lithographic printing plate precursor having excellent printing durability, staining resistance and developability as well as processes for preparing lithographic printing plates therefrom. The lithographic printing plate precursor may comprise a primer layer and an image-recording layer in this order in a substrate, wherein the primer layer comprises a polymer containing a repeat unit having a carbon-carbon backbone, a —C(═O)— group directly attached thereto, a —C(═O)—NR0 — group, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, and an ethylenically unsaturated bond.

Solid-state laser, semiconductor laser, and gas laser capable of emitting ultraviolet radiation, visible light and infrared radiation, over a wavelength range of 300 nm to 1200 nm, have been becoming more readily available in larger output and smaller size, and these types of laser are very important as recording light sources in direct plate making process using digital data output from a computer or the like. Recording materials sensitive to these various lasers have been extensively studied, and a first category of typical examples includes materials on which images can be recorded with infrared lasers at a wavelength of 760 nm or more such as positive-working recording materials and negative-working recording materials susceptible to acid-catalyzed cross-linking and the like. A second category includes recording materials sensitive to ultraviolet or visible light lasers at 300 nm to 700 nm such as negative-working recording materials susceptible to radical polymerization.
On the other hand, conventional lithographic printing plate precursors (hereinafter also referred to as PS plates) required a step for dissolving non-image areas away using an aqueous strongly alkaline solution (developing step) after imagewise exposure, and further required a post-treatment step during which the printing plates bearing a developed image are washed with water, or treated with a rinsing solution containing a surfactant, or treated with a desensitizing solution containing gum arabic or a starch derivative. The necessity of these additional wet processes is a major problem with conventional PS plates. The first half (imagewise exposure) of a plate making process may be simplified by the digital processing described above, but the effect of simplification would be insufficient so far as the second half (developing step) is a complex wet process. Especially given that global environmental protection has recently drawn a great deal of interest from the whole industry, it would also be desirable to use a developer at a pH closer to the neutral range or to reduce liquid waste for the purpose of environmental protection. Specifically, it would be desirable that the wet post-treatment process be simplified or replaced by a dry process.
An approach for simplifying the process to solve these problems is a one-solution or one-bath method in which development and gumming take place at the same time. This is a simplified development process comprising imagewise exposing a printing plate precursor without subjecting it to a water pre-washing step, followed by removal of the protective layer, removal of non-image areas and gumming at the same time using one solution or one bath, and drying the resulting plate without subjecting it to a water post-washing step, and then transferring it to a printing step. Lithographic printing plate precursors suitable for such simplified development must have an image-recording layer soluble in non-strongly alkaline solutions because no water post-washing step is included, but also they must have a hydrophilic substrate surface to improve staining resistance of non-image areas.
Such lithographic printing plate precursors are known from patent document 1 and patent document 2.

Lithographic printing plate precursors and processes for preparing lithographic printing plates


A battery holder for a button-type battery (1) includes a holder body having a base wall (100) thereof for receiving the battery, and positive and negative terminals (20, 30) assembled to the holder body. The negative terminal has short and long spring elements (311, 315) defining first and second supporting point (311A, 315B) respectively, such that in an initial released position, the button-type battery is lifted up by the first and second supporting points bearing against the base wall, and in a fully released position, that battery is lifted by the second supporting point against the base wall with the first supporting point leaving away from the base wall. The above spring elements provides two-stage elastic forces, for ease of the user to release the battery from the battery holder.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the art of electrical connectors, and more particularly to a battery holder for a button-type battery.
2. Description of the Related Art
The battery holder for a button-type battery is required to have electrical contacts firmly hold the button-type battery in good electrical contact. In additional to that issue, easy release of the button-type battery from the battery holder may also be required for the user to easily take the battery out of the battery holder. U.S. Pat. No. 6,844,107 discloses a related battery holder having a negative terminal defining long spring elements adapted to lift the button-type battery up during the release of the battery from the battery holder. This configuration of long spring elements will not provide elastic force sufficient to cause the battery left away from the battery holder. The negative terminal is expected to have suitable spring units designed to easily lift the battery up from the battery holder with less external forces exerted on the spring units, which provides better elasticity thereof. To achieve the easy release of the battery, a positive terminal having two spaced vertical pieces linked by a middle folded spring element is supposed to work in conjunction with the negative terminal for providing variable space by laterally elastically pressing one vertical piece towards the other. CN Pat. Issue No. 2710198 discloses a related battery holder having such a positive terminal including two spaced vertical pieces linked by a single middle folded spring element, with one vertical piece secured onto the battery holder housing while leaving the other one free therefrom. A problem with the above battery holder while having no battery equipped therewith is that the positive terminal may form a short circuit to the negative terminal. That is because the free vertical piece of the negative terminal may be easily caused to lean towards the positive terminal by an unexpectedly external lateral force applied to the free vertical piece. This is undesirable in electrical contact of the battery holder.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a coaxial electrical connector to resolve the above-mentioned problem.


A magneto-optical recording apparatus which records information through the processes of: first irradiating a light beam onto a magneto-optical recording medium having a recording film; and next applying an external magnetic field that is inverted in response to a recording signal onto the recording film while continuing the first process. In the above arrangement, the intensity of the light beam is dropped upon inversion of the external magnetic field so that information is not recorded. The intensity of the light beam is raised during non-inversion of the external magnetic field so that information is recorded. Further the magneto-optical recording apparatus is provided with a light intensity control device for varying the intensity of the light beam dependent of the lengths of recording bits so that the high-temperature area of the recording film is not widened. Since the width of the recording bits is uniformly maintained, the remaining of the recording bit after overwriting operation can be reduced; thus, the signal quality in reproduction can be enhanced.

Recently, magneto-optical recording media such as magneto-optical disks and magneto-optical cards have been considered as prospective rewritable large-capacity optical memory.
Information is recorded on a magneto-optical recording medium by applying an external magnetic field onto a recording film made of a magnetic material while projecting a light beam thereonto so as to cause a temperature rise at the irradiated area. Furthermore, the information is reproduced by projecting a light beam onto the recording film and detecting the rotation direction of the polarization plane of the reflected light.
The magneto-optical recording is roughly classified into two methods: i) the light modulation method wherein recording is executed by modulating the intensity of a light beam in accordance with information while maintaining an external magnetic field in a constant intensity and in a fixed direction; ii) the magnetic field modulation method wherein recording is executed by inverting the direction of the external magnetic field in accordance with information while maintaining a light beam in a constant intensity.
In the light modulation method, wherein the direction of the external magnetic field is fixed, an erasing operation is necessary for aligning the magnetization in the reversed direction to the direction of the external magnetic field, prior to the recording operation.
On the other hand, in the magnetic field modulation method, since new information can be recorded while erasing previously recorded information, no erasing operation is necessary prior to recording operation; thus, so-called overwriting is possible. Since recording time is shortened by the use of this method, the study of magneto-optical recording apparatuses using the magnetic field modulation recording has been actively carried out in recent years.
In the magneto-optical recording apparatus using the magnetic field modulation recording, the external magnetic field is normally generated by an electromagnet that is composed of a coil wound around a cylindrical ferrite core. The electromagnet can easily invert the direction of a generated magnetic field by switching the polarity of the current to be supplied to the coil.
Here, in a practical operation, the direction of the external magnetic field is inverted not instantaneously, but in a finite time. That is, when the external magnetic field is inverted, the intensity of the magnetic field diminishes as time elapses, reaching zero at a certain point of time, and then increasing. Therefore, centered around the point of time at which the intensity of the external magnetic field becomes zero, there exists a period during which the intensity of the external magnetic field becomes weaker than that required for recording.
For this reason, the chief disadvantage of this conventional arrangement is that recording bits having nonuniform shapes are formed in a recording area on the recording film whereonto this weaker external magnetic field has been applied; this causes deterioration of the signal quality in reproduction.
In order to solve the above problem, there has been proposed a method for lowering the intensity of a light beam when the direction of the external magnetic field is switched (U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/738,923). With this method, since the intensity of the light beam is lowered upon inversion of the recording magnetic field that causes a weaker magnetic field, the disadvantage of having recordings made by the weaker magnetic field can be eliminated.
However, in the case of overwriting operation by the use of the above method, that is, in the case of making new recordings over previously recorded information, the inversion of the magnetization does not occur at an area in a previously recorded bit that has not been subjected to a light beam having a sufficient light intensity for recording. Consequently, a problem arises in how much of the previously recorded information remains after an overwriting operation ( this rate, hereinafter, referred to as the erasing rate).
Referring to FIG. 9, the following description will discuss the problem of the erasing rate in detail.
FIG. 9 illustrates recording conditions of a shortest recording bit 51 and a longest recording bit 52 which are determined by the modulation method adopted. When an external magnetic field, indicated by FIG. 9 (b), is applied while keeping the intensity of a light beam at the same high-level "H" as indicated by FIG. 9 (a), the resulting longest recording bit 52 widens toward its end portion as indicated by FIG. 9(c) because the area being subjected to a temperature rise, due to the irradiation by the light beam, widens toward its end portion.
For this reason, as illustrated in FIG. 10, when a signal corresponding to the shortest recording bit is overwritten on the longest recording bit 52, only the information corresponding a portion of the longest recording bit, located within a width W, that is, the width of the shortest recording bit, is erased and previous recordings are left at areas outside the width W (indicated by hatching for convenience).
Moreover, in addition to the problem of the remaining of previously recorded information, another problem is presented in that, since the width of a recording bit increases with the increase of the lengths of the recording bit, crosstalk is increased in reproducing signals of the adjoining tracks; this also causes deterioration of the signal quality in reproduction.

Magneto-optical recording apparatus using the magnetic field modulation method


A method is disclosed for producing phosgene which in one embodiment comprises contacting in at least one reactor a mixture comprising carbon monoxide and chlorine sequentially with a first catalyst followed by contacting the resulting gaseous reaction mixture comprising phosgene with at least one second catalyst of higher relative activity than a first catalyst. In another embodiment a method is disclosed for producing phosgene which comprises contacting in at least one reactor a mixture comprising carbon monoxide and chlorine with at least one catalyst bed comprising a first catalyst wherein at least a portion of said first catalyst is diluted with a second catalyst of higher relative activity than a first catalyst.

The present invention is directed to a method for producing phosgene. More particularly the invention relates to a method for producing phosgene by reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine in the presence of at least one catalyst.
Phosgene (sometimes known as carbonyl chloride or carbonyl dichloride) finds use in the preparation of organic compounds, monomers and polymers, such as carbonates, isocyanates, chloroformates, carbamates, polyurethanes, and polycarbonates. Various methods for producing phosgene have been previously described in the literature and utilized by industry. One method that is frequently used involves reaction of carbon monoxide with chlorine in the presence of a carbon-comprising catalyst such as activated carbon. The reaction is strongly exothermic and is usually done in multitubular reactors to more effectively control the reaction temperature. Phosgene produced by this method typically contains carbon tetrachloride as a byproduct, often as much as about 250-300 ppm or higher by volume, which may be difficult to separate from phosgene product. For some applications the level of carbon tetrachloride in phosgene often must be removed to a level of about 1 ppm before use of the phosgene. Carbon tetrachloride arises from reaction of chlorine with carbon-comprising catalyst and thus results directly in depletion of catalyst. Carbon tetrachloride has also been implicated in both ozone depletion and in global warming. On a global basis the amount of byproduct carbon tetrachloride produced in commercial phosgene manufacture annually may be as much as 2 million kilograms based on phosgene production of about 4 billion kilograms. Therefore, methods continue to be sought for minimization of carbon tetrachloride byproduct formation using carbon catalysts while maintaining as high a rate of formation of phosgene as possible.
Japanese patent publication No. 02[1990]-06,307 discloses that the amount of carbon tetrachloride produced during a phosgene manufacturing process can be reduced by about 50% to about 150 ppm by using an activated carbon which has been washed with an acid and which contains a total of about 1.5 wt. % or less of metal components comprised of transition metals, boron, aluminum and silicon.
After diligent experimentation the present inventors have discovered a method for substantially reducing the amount of carbon tetrachloride byproduct produced in phosgene manufacture while maintaining a high rate of formation of phosgene. In one of its embodiments the present invention is a method for producing phosgene which comprises contacting in at least one reactor a mixture comprising carbon monoxide and chlorine sequentially with a first catalyst followed by contacting the resulting gaseous reaction mixture comprising phosgene with at least one second catalyst of higher relative activity than a first catalyst. In another of its embodiments the present invention is a method for producing phosgene which comprises contacting in at least one reactor a mixture comprising carbon monoxide and chlorine with at least one catalyst bed comprising a first catalyst wherein at least a portion of said first catalyst is diluted with a second catalyst of higher relative activity than a first catalyst. Various other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent with reference to the following description and appended claims.


A method of lubricating a two-cycle internal combustion engine, which is capable of preventing blow-by of an air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber, is provided for increasing fuel consumption and purifying exhaust gas. Lubrication of a valve portion and a sliding portion of a cylinder bore to a piston is improved so as to enhance maintenance performance and further improve fuel consumption. The method for lubricating a two-cycle internal combustion engine in which a control valve is disposed, in communicating passages for communicating a combustion chamber to a chamber portion adjacent to the combustion chamber, wherein the oil is supplied to bearing portions of the control valve for lubricating the bearing portions, and also the oil permeates through the communicating passages to be supplied to a sliding portion of a cylinder bore to a piston by an injection flow of the fuel or the air-fuel mixture, and lubricates the sliding portion.

1. Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for lubricating a two-cycle internal combustion engine, which is intended to prevent blow-by of an air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber and hence to enhance fuel consumption and to purify exhaust gases. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for lubricating a two-cycle internal combustion engine of a type in which a control valve is disposed in a communicating passage for communicating a combustion chamber to a chamber portion adjacent to the combustion chamber, for controlling the opening/closing of the communicating passage. A fuel or an air-fuel mixture is injected or charged in the combustion chamber through the communicating passage and a highly compressed gas is injected or charged in the chamber portion through the communicating passage, which is intended to improve lubrication of a bearing portion of the control valve and lubrication of a sliding portion of a cylinder bore to a piston, and hence to enhance the maintenance performance and fuither improve fuel consumption.
2. Description of Background Art
In a related art two-cycle internal combustion engine, fuel supplied from a carburetor or the like is mixed with intake air, and the air-fuel mixture is sucked in a crank chamber and then supplied in a combustion chamber through scavenging openings. In this engine, since the timing of the opening of an exhaust opening is set to be earlier than the timing of the opening of the scavenging openings (an upper edge of the exhaust opening is higher than upper edges of the scavenging openings), there may easily occur exhaust of the air-fuel mixture supplied in the combustion engine into the exhaust opening, that is a so called blow-by of the air-fuel mixture.
The blow-by phenomenon is suppressed by an exhaust-pulsation effect. However, it is difficult to suppress the blow-by over the entire operational range. As a result, the blow-by exerts an adverse effect on fuel consumption and the purity of the exhaust.
Two-cycle internal combustion engines intended to solve such an inconvenience have been disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-open Nos. Hei 3-1 318 and Hei 5-3 2521.
In the two-cycle internal combustion engine described in Japanese Patent Laid-open No. Hei 3-1 318, a high pressure chamber is connected to a crank chamber through a check valve; the high pressure chamber is connected to a combustion chamber through an air passage; and a solenoid valve is interposed at a lower end of the air passage. A fuel injection valve for injecting fuel in the combustion chamber is provided at an upper end of the air passage.
In the two-cycle internal combustion engine described in Japanese Patent Laid-open No. Hei 5-3 2521, a chamber portion is disposed adjacent to a crank case and a cylinder block. In addition, an intake control valve is interposed between a crank chamber and the chamber portion. A scavenging control valve is interposed between the chamber portion and a combustion chamber in a cylinder; and a fuel injection valve is provided for injecting fuel in the chamber portion.
The two-cycle internal combustion engine described in Japanese Patent Laid-open No. Hei 3-1 318 has a problem. Since the fuel supply opening is provided in a side wall of the cylinder at a position facing to the combustion chamber and, the fuel injection valve is disposed directly perpendicularly to the fuel supply opening, fuel spray collides with the cylinder wall on the exhaust opening side which is opposed to the fuel supply opening and thereby the fuel spray is liable to adhere on the cylinder wall.
When a fuel spraying timing occurs earlier in order to prevent interference between the piston and fuel spray, the fuel spray tends to be blown-by in the exhaust opening. In addition, when the fuel supply opening is disposed at a higher position to delay the fuel spraying timing, the fuel injection valve is directly exposed to a combustion gas at a high temperature, causing an inconvenience in that the injection valve needs a high thermal resistance.
The two-cycle internal combustion engine described in Japanese Patent Laid-open No. Hei 5-3 2521 has a problem. Since the air-fuel mixture injected from the scavenging control valve is supplied in the combustion chamber through all of the scavenging openings, the blow-by of the air-fuel mixture at the exhaust opening cannot be avoided.
To solve the problem of the related art engines, the present inventor has proposed a two-cycle internal combustion engine particularly in Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 8-269366. In the two-cycle internal combustion engine, a control valve is disposed in a communicating passage for communicating a combustion chamber to a chamber portion which is juxtaposed sideward of the combustion chamber and is continuous to a fuel injection device, for controlling opening/closing of the communicating passage, and fuel is injected or charged in the combustion chamber through the communicating passage and a highly compressed gas is injected or charged in the chamber portion through the communicating passage. With this configuration, since scavenging only by air is performed at the beginning of the scavenging step, it is possible to prevent a blow-by phenomenon of the air-fuel mixture in which the air-fuel mixture passes through the combustion chamber and is exhausted into an exhaust passage. Further, since fuel (rich air-fuel mixture) supplied in the combustion chamber becomes an air-fuel mixture at a suitable concentration in the combustion chamber, it is possible to obtain desirable combustion, and hence to achieve a high level fuel consumption and a high exhaust gas purifying performance.
The technique proposed by the present applicant, however, has a problem. Since lubrication of right and left bearing portions of the control valve is performed by enclosing oil in the bearing portions sealed by oil-seals in a state in which the right and left bearing portions are communicated to each other, a periodical maintenance is required to cope with degradation and consumption of the oil.
Further, in the technique proposed by the present inventor, lubrication of a sliding portion of a cylinder bore to a piston is performed by supplying oil from oil supply holes (see oil supply holes 66 in FIG. 5) provided in a cylinder wall surface on the exhaust opening side. However, there occurs a lack of lubrication at the sliding portion of the cylinder bore to the piston on the side of a rich air-fuel mixture supply polt facing to the combustion chamber and a highly compressed gas intake opening. This is because it is difficult to form a lubrication oil film on the sliding portion on the side of the above openings by the cleaning effect of the oil film due to the rich air-fuel mixture and the thermal effect of a compressed gas at a high temperature and a high pressure generated due to the explosion of the ignition.

Method for lubricating a two-cycle internal combustion engine


A measurement device pressurizes two cuffs in a state in which the cuffs are attached to the distal side and the proximal side of the measurement device, respectively, calculates an AI value or the like based on a pulse wave detected from a change in cuff pressure on the distal side while pressurizing the two cuffs, and determines that avascularization on the distal side has been completed if the AI value or the like has converged. Once it is determined that avascularization has been completed, the cuff pressure on the distal side is fixed, and a pulse wave is detected from a change in cuff pressure on the proximal side in a state in which the distal side is avascularized.

As disclosed in JP 2004-113593A (hereinafter referred to as Patent Literature 1), there is a technology of measuring a pulse wave on the heart side while the distal side is avascularized, thereby separating an ejection wave ejected from the heart and a reflection wave reflected from the iliac artery bifurcation and a sclerotic site in an artery, and calculating and determining an arteriosclerosis index based on the amplitude difference, the amplitude ratio, the appearance time difference, or the like between those waves.
With regard to avascularization on the distal side, JP 2004-195071A (hereinafter referred to as Patent Literature 2), JP 2003-204945A (hereinafter referred to as Patent Literature 3), and JP 2007-522857T (hereinafter referred to as Patent Literature 4) disclose technologies of precisely detecting a characteristic point of the ejection wave and a characteristic point of the reflection wave by compression with a higher pressure than the systolic blood pressure. The applicant of the present invention also discloses in JP 2009-119067A (hereinafter referred to as Patent Literature 5) a technology of enabling calculation of a precise arteriosclerosis index by measuring a sharp pulse wave in a state in which the distal side is avascularized with two cuffs, one each on the distal side and the proximal side.
The technologies disclosed in Patent Literature 1 and the like compress a measurement site of a subject over the skin using an air bladder called a cuff, thereby compressing an artery at the measurement site. According to these technologies, the artery is compressed by pressing the cuff against the measurement site of the subject with a constant pressing force. For example, Patent Literature 4 discloses that this constant pressing force is +35 mmHg, which is a systolic blood pressure value of a subject.    Patent Literature 1: JP 2004-113593A    Patent Literature 2: JP 2004-195071A    Patent Literature 3: JP 2003-204945A    Patent Literature 4: JP 2007-522857T    Patent Literature 5: JP 2009-119067A

Blood pressure information measurement device and control method of blood pressure information measurement device


The present invention is directed to the provision of an anode for a non-aqueous electrolyte cell, which is excellent in rapid charge/discharge characteristics, discharge capacity characteristics at high temperatures, charge/discharge characteristics at low temperatures and shelf life, and thus has high reliability. According to the present invention, a sheet, mainly composed of an alkali metal having a body centered cubic crystal structure as an active material, is pressed from a direction normal to the principal surface thereof, thereby preferentially orienting crystallites so that (100) planes, (110) planes, (211) planes, (310) planes, (321) planes or (222) planes are parallel to the principal surface of the sheet, and the thus pressed sheet is used for the anode.

The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte cell, and more particularly to an improvement in an anode therefor.
A non-aqueous electrolyte cell which employs an alkali metal such as lithium for an anode active material, and an electrolyte composed of an organic solvent such as propylene carbonate, .gamma.-butyrolactone, dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, etc. with LiClO.sub.4, LiBF.sub.4, LiAsF.sub.6, LiPF.sub.6, LiCF.sub.3 SO.sub.3, etc. dissolved therein, has an advantage of providing high energy density. Because of this advantage, nowadays non-aqueous primary cells are used in small electronic appliances including watches and cameras, and non-aqueous secondary cells are used in portable apparatus such as portable telephones, portable personal computers, video movie recorders, etc.
The non-aqueous electrolyte cell is also characterized by long shelf life. This is because the alkali metal used as the anode active material reacts easily with electrolyte constituents owing to a high reactivity, thereby forming on the anode surface a passivating film which acts to suppress a reaction of self-discharge.
On the other hand, the alkali metal in a shape of tree branch, needle, fibril or similar appearance, generally known as dendrites, are deposited markedly on the anode surface during charging. This is because the passivating film acts to localize the deposition of the alkali metal in specific areas on the anode surface. Formation and subsequent growth of such dendrites has lead to a problem that the anode and a cathode are short-circuited internally. Furthermore, in a process of discharge, the dendrites are locally dissolved, resulting in discontinuities at various places and it becomes impossible to dissolve all of the alkali metal deposited during charging. This has lead to the further problem that the charge/discharge efficiency drops significantly.
To suppress the formation of such dendrites during charging, a charging method is proposed, for example, in "Progress in Batteries and Solar Cells," Vol. 2, p. 54, 1979, in which, when lithium is used as the alkali metal, an anode potential is maintained higher than -50 mV with respect to an Li.sup.+ /Li electrode and the lithium is deposited under a mild condition at a current density held equal to or less than 0.3 mAh/cm.sup.2. Another method, which is proposed in "Electrochimica Acta," Vol. 3, p. 1715, 1985, involves using a mixture of a high-dielectric-constant substance such as propylene carbonate and a low-viscosity substance such as dimethoxyethane for the solvent of the electrolyte, thereby suppressing the formation of the dendrites while improving the charge/discharge efficiency.
However, the former method involving charge control is inferior in efficiency and consequently requires a long charge time.
On the other hand, when a mixture of the high-dielectric-constant substance and the low-viscosity substance is used for the solvent of the electrolyte, as in the latter method, the formation of the dendrites in charge/discharge cycles is suppressed while retaining a low self-discharge characteristic at room temperature. This method, however, involves problems in terms of characteristics under severe conditions expected in actual usage, such as rapid charge/discharge characteristics, charge/discharge characteristics at high temperatures of 60.degree. C. and above, shelf life at such high temperatures, or charge/discharge characteristics at low temperatures of -20.degree. C. and below. The deterioration of rapid charge/discharge characteristics and the deterioration of various characteristics at high temperatures are both attributed to acceleration of a formation of the dendrites and reaction between the solvent and the alkali metal used as the anode active material. The deterioration of characteristics at low temperatures is due to such factors as the decrease in reaction efficiency.
The present invention is directed to overcome the above-mentioned problems, and to provide a highly reliable anode for a non-aqueous electrolyte cell which has long shelf life and cycle life even under severe environmental conditions.

Anode for non-aqueous electrolyte cell and method of manufacturing the same

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


A structural shear panel for forming a floor panel for support by a vehicle frame is formed by a composite of top and bottom sheets and a core with a vacuum infused resin. The panel is mainly planar and terminates at its side edges at a portion which lies in a common plane and portions are provided which are deformed out of the generally planar shape to form depending or elevated sections. The structure is formed on a generally flat plate defining the planar panel portion with removable sections to define the depending and elevated sections. Edge pieces are attached to the plate to define the edges of the panel. Accessories are attached to the panel without compressing the core by a base plate of the accessory which is bolted to a bracket which has a backer plate and collar through a hole in the panel.

There has been an intention in the industry of mass transit vehicles to provide a vehicle body which is formed primarily of a composite material. Such composite materials generally comprise fibreglass reinforced resin sheets and often these are formed with a foam or other core layer between the sheets. The primary intention is that the structure be formed substantially wholly from such composite materials. The intention is that such materials will reduce weight and provide a superior corrosion resistance. One technique is to provide molds in which the body is shaped and formed from separate pieces which can then be connected together. However one highly desirable feature is that the structure can provide multiple different vehicle lengths to satisfy customer demands.
A number of attempts have been made for example, by Grumman ATTB, NABI who provided 40 and 45 feet length "Compobus", a proposal by ABI, a proposal by TPI under the trade name "Airporter", a proposal by Den Oudsten Bussen/Fokker Stork. However these proposals have been put forward in a manner that does not fully address one or more of the critical market entry or performance criteria resulting in a vehicle that has limited appeal or cannot meet the rigorous performance standards dictated by the transit agencies. In Europe, where road maintenance is superior relative to North America and durability is less of a concern, there has been little interest in lightweight composite vehicles, Den Oudsten Bussen created the RET X-98 which was to enter revenue service in Rotterdam, but aside from stirring momentary interest at a few shows, the modular vehicle could not save the company from bankruptcy. The Fokker-Stork body technology was licensed to APT Systems in Helmond NL which was incorporated into the Phileas, which has achieved little success. The license for the Fokker Stork body technology is held in North America by New Flyer but this again has achieved no commercial success.
One of the defining criteria is vehicle length. The market requires vehicles under 29 feet in length, 30 to 35 feet and 40 feet and 45 feet commuter buses together with 60 feet articulated vehicles. All previous attempts can be divided into two categories: one set of molds for each body length or various body lengths created by ganging modules. The multiple mold strategy of course provides a huge tooling expense. The multiple module technique has inherent weaknesses.
Up till now, therefore, no commercial vehicle of this type has been successfully exploited.
It will be appreciated that vehicles of this type can be used either as a light rail vehicle or as a road vehicle and many common features can be used in both structures. There are of course significant differences which will be well known to one skilled in the art but the principle set forth in the present application can in most cases be used in both fields.
A number of prior patents have been published showing features of the above mentioned commercial attempts and showing various other arrangements by other parties interested in this field.
The following patents have been noted as having some relevance in the present field
U.S. Pat. No. 5,042,395 (Wackerle) issued Aug. 27, 1991. Wackerle discloses a rail vehicle formed from molded upper section defining the side walls and roof connected to a floor section. The connection is provided by a corner piece which is bonded into an edge piece at each edge of each molded composite panel. The composite panels are formed from exterior sheets with a honey comb core between.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,140,913 (Takeichi) issued Aug. 25, 1992. Takeichi discloses a rail vehicle which is similarly constructed to the above except that it is formed in sections which are connected edge to edge along the length of the vehicle. The floor sections are formed from side beams and horizontal rails.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,433,151 (Ohara) issued Jul. 18, 1995 discloses a similar arrangement.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,904,972 (Tunis) issued May 18, 1999 discloses a technique for forming large composite core structures by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding. This is not particularly directed to vehicles but provides a technique which can form the large molded sections.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,918,548 (Elsner) issued Jul. 6, 1999 discloses a rail vehicle formed by connected beams.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,237,989 (Ammerlaan) issued May 29, 2001 discloses the arrangement of the Fokker Stork device described above which is defined as a molded structure formed by connected side panels, roof and floor sections where the drive components for the vehicle are bolted under the floor sections.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,686,254 (Emmons) issued Feb. 3, 2004 discloses a vehicle which is primarily formed from a roof section and a floor section together with vertical beams where the roof and floor sections are formed as a sandwich panel defined by the fibre reinforced sheets and an interconnecting core.
PCT Publication No. WO/2004/000633 and 000634 assigned to NABI published 31 Dec. 2003 discloses a molded structure in which the body and floor are separately molded from fibre reinforced plastics material and in particular the floor panel is formed of a tray shaped platform where the whole of the lower part of the vehicle is molded in one piece including the floor, part of the side wall and all of the structural connections for attachment to the components of the vehicle.


A command to write data to a virtual location is received at a disk storage system. The virtual location is mapped to a tape storage system. A record is generated including the data, the virtual location, and a sequence value. The sequence value indicates relative sequence when compared to other sequence values. The record is written to a record location on a tape cartridge loaded in a tape drive. Record metadata on the disk storage system is modified to indicate that the first record location contains the first record. The data on the record can be read from the tape cartridge.

The present disclosure relates to computer storage, and more specifically, to log-structured tape storage in a disk storage environment.
Tape storage is sometimes used to backup data from disk storage. Although tape storage is slower than disk storage, tape storage provides backup storage at a low energy cost and allows data to survive for a long period of time in an encrypted format.

Pass-through tape access in a disk storage environment

International Business Machines Corporation


A motor vehicle door and to a motor vehicle door lock and a method for mounting the motor vehicle door lock in a motor vehicle door, the motor vehicle door lock having an inside locking lever, and when installed, being located in a hollow space of the door and coupled to an inside safety element via a connecting rod that extends through a passage opening in an inside wall segment of the door body. To facilitate installation, the connecting rod is formed of two segments, a lower connecting rod segment extending through the passage opening and being connected to a an upper connecting rod segment at a location that is outside of the hollow space in proximity to the passage opening.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates, generally, to a method for mounting a motor vehicle door lock to a motor vehicle door. The motor vehicle door lock comprises an inside locking lever that, in the mounting condition, is coupled to an inside safety element via a connecting rod. Also, this invention relates generally to a motor vehicle door and to a motor vehicle door lock.
2. Description of Related Art
Known motor vehicle doors comprise a door body providing a hollow space, in which the motor vehicle door lock is situated. Such an arrangement is shown in German Patent DE 25 22 301 C3. The motor vehicle door lock disclosed in this patent comprises an inside locking lever that, in the mounted condition, is coupled to an inside safety element via a connecting rod. The inside safety element may be actuated by a passenger who is sitting inside the motor vehicle in order to lock or unlock the door lock. The door body has a wall segment which bounds the hollow space from the passenger compartment and which has a passage opening through which in the mounted condition the connecting rod extends.
Mounting of the known motor vehicle door lock always leads to problems. If the motor vehicle door lock is to be mounted while the connecting rod is already coupled to the inside locking lever, it normally takes a considerable amount of skill and practice to find the respective passage opening in the wall segment of the door body due to the large extension of the connecting rod. If the connecting rod is to be coupled to the motor vehicle door lock after the lock has been mounted, finding the inside locking lever is generally even harder.
Another drawback of the known arrangement is the fact that, normally, the part of the connecting rod that, in the mounted condition, is located outside the hollow space is normally of considerable length. In many cases this leads to the necessity of a large mounting opening within the door body as the lock has to be moved over an accordingly large distance in mostly vertical direction.

Method for mounting a motor vehicle door lock


A blow-molded bottle includes a shoulder and a body that includes an upper body section, a lower body section, and a transversal recessed rib disposed between the upper body section and the lower body section. The upper body section has four lateral walls and four corner walls, each being arranged between two adjacent lateral walls. The lower body section also has four lateral walls and four corner walls, each being arranged between two adjacent lateral walls. The corner wall is formed with an axially extending recess that includes tapered walls.

It is known that a bottle has a body having a substantially tetragonal cross section chamfered along corners thereof, and that the corner walls acts or operates as pillars. It has been required recently to decrease an amount of raw material resin from the view of conserving natural resources and protecting the environment. As a result, bottles of the type under consideration are required to have a reduced wall thickness.
However, if the wall thickness is reduced, conventional bottles of the type under consideration come to be short of rigidity, because they have flat and substantially vertical corner walls. Unless the corner walls are reinforced, the bottle body would happen to be crushed particularly when an internal pressure of the bottle changes and/or the bottle is subjected to an impact.
In view of the above identified problem, it is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a bottle having reinforced corner walls at the body thereof.


A method and device of requesting and receiving payment in a group chat environment are disclosed. The method includes: displaying a conversation interface of a group chat session for a pre-established conversation group, the pre-established conversation group including a user of the user device and a plurality of other users participating in the pre-established conversation group; providing, in the conversation interface of the group chat session, a control for requesting payment from the pre-established conversation group; detecting an input from the user invoking the control for requesting payment from the pre-established conversation group; and in response to detecting the input from the user, posting a group payment request as a chat message to the group chat session.

With the rapid development of network technologies, payment processing technologies on various types of networks are widely used in people's daily lives. For example, mobile banking technologies, UnionPay, POS system technologies, online banking, online shopping technologies, and so on are adopted in various fields such as transport, taxation, and financial securities and provide convenience to people's daily lives.
It is often occurred that a payment needs to be processed between a plurality of people. For example, when a group of people have a dinner at a restaurant together, the dinner bill may need to be shared among the ten people. Also, one person may receive charity donations from other people and donate the collection on behalf of the group. In addition, a person may sell certain products or services to other people.
It is therefore desirable to have a method to process payments among a group of people efficiently and flexibly.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Method, system and server system of payment based on a conversation group

TENCENT TECHNOLOGY (SHENZHEN) COMPANY LIMITED


Implementations described and claimed herein provide systems and methods for adding a chosen functional coating on an optical surface of a spectacle lens. In one implementation, it is determined if identified features of the optical surface of the spectacle lens are compatible with the chosen functional coating according to a first set of rules. The features of the optical surface are identified based on an analysis of a quality of the optical surface. Manufacturing information for the chosen functional coating is generated based on the determined compatibility. The manufacturing information includes information for depositing the chosen functional coating on the optical surface where the identified features are compatible with the chosen functional coating and on a modified optical surface where the identified features are not compatible with the chosen functional coating.

It is well-known that lenses, and in particular spectacle lenses, comprise an ophthalmic substrate having geometrical features adapted to the wearer.
It is a common practice in the art to coat at least one main surface of the ophthalmic substrate with several coatings for imparting to the finished lens additional or improved optical, mechanical properties and/or surface chemistry. These coatings are designated in general as functional coatings.
Thus, it is usual practice to add functional coatings, for instance an anti-abrasive coating to increase the abrasion resistance of the lens, an anti-reflective coating to decrease the reflection of light and an anti-soiling coating applied over the anti-reflective coating. The anti-soiling coating provides an outer coating that can be more resistant to contamination for instance by organic impurities and more easily cleaned than the anti-reflective coating. The anti-soiling coating furthermore protects the anti-reflective coating.
Furthermore, the wearer of the lens can wish to replace or review such an anti-soiling coating because the effects of said coating can decrease over time.
Other coatings such as a polarized coating, a photochromic or a dyeing coating may also be applied onto one or both surfaces of the lens substrate.
Another example of coatings is an anti-fog coating which can provide an anti-fog function for a temporary need, for example in winter period.
In consequence, there is a need for a method suitable for the addition of a functional coating on an optical surface of a spectacle lens in a delayed way after their design and their arrangement in a spectacle frame or at the request of the wearer. More particularly there is a need for a method suitable for the addition of a functional coating on an optical surface of a spectacle lens after their manufacturing or design and their arrangement in a spectacle frame, or at the request of the wearer to upgrade or modify their performance characteristics.
In view of the fast development in the top coat technology, it would be of interest to be able to safely add or replace an initially deposited top coat by a new top coat having different or improved properties.
So, the invention is directed to a method for loading or reloading a functional coating on an optical surface of a spectacle lens. This method is simple and can be implemented by a single compact machine in order to be placed at an eye care practitioner's premises and used directly by the eye care practitioner (ECP).

Method for the addition of a functional coating on an optical surface of a spectacle lens suitable to be arranged in a spectacle frame

ESSILOR INTERNATIONAL (COMPAGNIE GENERALE D'OPTIQUE)


A method for policy control in an infrastructure network comprising a Gateway (GW) an Access Function (AF), and at least one Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) is provided. In some embodiments, the method includes: (a) the GW establishing a Gx or Gxx session in order to set the current PDN connection under PCC control, (b) the GW further providing information about the current PDN connection to a first PCRF, (c) the first PCRF performing authorization and policy decision based on the PDN connection information and sends it together with restoration instructions to the GW, (d) the GW when detecting that the first PCRF is not available, applying the restoration instructions, said instructions requiring the GW to try to regain PCC control and/or requiring the GW to gracefully delete the services associated with the PCC control.

3GPP has defined the Policy and Charging Control (PCC) architecture to allow the Quality of Service (QoS) control and differentiated charging per service data flow. The latter is defined as the user plane packets in the access that match a certain PCC rule.
A separate node, the Policy and Charging Rule Function (PCRF) is a functional element which is responsible for activating the appropriate PCC rule for each access. It encompasses policy control decision and flow based charging control functionalities. The PCRF provides network control regarding the service data flow detection, gating, QoS and flow based charging (except credit management) towards a Policy Control and Enforcement Function (PCEF). The PCRF receives session and media related information from an Application Function (AF) and informs the AF of traffic plane events.
The AF is an element offering applications in which service is delivered in a different layer (e.g., transport layer) from the one the service has been requested (e.g., signalling layer), the control of IP bearer resources according to what has been negotiated. One example of an AF is a P-CSCF of an IM Core Network (CN) subsystem. The AF shall communicate with the PCRF to transfer dynamic session information (e.g., description of the media to be delivered in the transport layer). This communication is performed using the Rx interface.
The PCEF encompasses service data flow detection (based on the filters definitions included in the PCC rules), as well as online and offline charging interactions (not described here) and policy enforcement. Since the PCEF is the one handling the bearers, the QoS is being enforced for the bearer according to the QoS information coming from the PCRF. This functional entity is located at the Gateway (e.g., GGSN in the GPRS case, and PDG in the WLAN case). For the cases where there is PMIP instead of GTP protocol between BBERF and PCEF, the bearer control is done in the BBERF instead.
The PCRF shall provision PCC Rules to the PCEF via a Gx reference point. The PCRF shall inform the PCEF through the use of PCC rules on the treatment of each service data flow that is under PCC control, in accordance with the PCRF policy decision(s). The 3GPP Rel-8 architecture is illustrated in FIG. 1. The architecture will not be described in detail here. Further information regarding the architecture can be received by studying the 3GPP project.
The PCC architecture has been defined in 3GPP without considering the failover and recovery mechanisms of the involved entities. 3GPP specifies the failover and restoration mechanisms for most of the core network elements in 3GPP TS 23.007. However, PCC architecture has been, so far, out of the scope of this specification. There is some work in 3GPP to incorporate PCC in future versions.
On the other hand, 3GPP has analyzed different PCRF failover and recovery scenarios that are documented in 3GPP TR 29.816. 3GPP TR 29.816, solutions 3 (graceful termination of services), solution 4 (strict termination of services) and solution 9 (unified solution for termination of bearer services) describe a tear-down procedure on the PCRF clients for bearers/sessions for which the PCRF control would be required but cannot take effect, due to PCRF failure or unreachability.
Solution 9 is a merger between solutions 3 and 4 and consists of a mechanism where the PCRF may provide a grace time (with values between 0 and infinite) to indicate the PCRF client when the service/bearer/PDN connection has to be disconnected once the PCRF client has detected that the PCRF is unavailable. The grace time will be provided during the Diameter session establishment. FIG. 2 is taken from 3GPP TR 29.816 and describes the solution 9.
The same TR also provides a mechanism (see e.g., solution 5 and 8) so that one recovered PCRF can retrieve the session data that was being handled before the failure from a client. In order to do so, the client(s) should be up-to-date with all dynamic session data that the PCRF was handling when it was active.
These solutions consider that the PCRF is able to recover PCC rules, access data and other session related information previously stored in a client (e.g., PCEF) so that it can recreate the active sessions without discontinuing the service.
However, the solutions do not consider that the session data would become obsolete since it has not been updated during the time the PCRF has been unreachable. When the PCRF has restarted, PCC control will be lost. The clients (BBERF, PCEF & AF) will have to take different actions depending on the operator policies. Even if the PCC control is recovered (e.g., the Gx/Gxx session is reestablished), the PCC control reestablishment for certain services is not always possible.
For predefined services (i.e., those that the PCRF controls without AF interaction), recovery of PCC control will be possible by retrieving all the session information needed for deriving the applicable PCC/QoS rules for that session. In order to do so, the PCRF needs to retrieve the current access data (e.g. location information, RAT type, IP-CAN type etc.) and the related subscriber information (stored in a non-volatile data base, either in an internal or external repository). The PCC control can be reestablished by different means (e.g. the PCEF may initiate new IP-CAN session establishment for that session).
For dynamic services (i.e., those that are dynamically established based on AF interaction), it is however not possible to reestablish the previous AF session unless the AF contacts the PCRF and provides all the related service data. For current AF-related services (e.g. IMS), this is not feasible. For IMS services, the P-CSCF will only interact with the PCRF upon a user equipment (UE) interaction and will provide the UE provided media information. Since the P-CSCF is a proxy, the previously negotiated session data might not be stored and thus recovered. Therefore the PCRF will not have enough information to derive the PCC rules related to certain AF session.
For this kind of AF-related services (voice calls, streaming, etc.), it is expected that the operator will permit the continuity of the service, to allow the user to have a good perception of the service, even though the PCC control is not reestablished. PCC control in this case will be based on the local policy information that the BBERF/PCEF received before the PCRF failure.
Grace timers set to infinite allow keeping the service active. However, since the AF session cannot be reestablished, there is no mechanism to release the reserved resources once the service is terminated by the calling parties naturally. FIG. 3 illustrates the described problem. Bearers are remained according to previous AF info. There is no mechanism to terminate that bearer when the service is finished (AF cannot notify the PCRF).
In summary, depending on the nature of the service, APN, or operator policy, operators might be interested in: recovering dynamic PCC control whenever possible; terminating current services and keeping only PCC control for new established sessions; keeping certain services active until the UE decides to terminate them when PCC control cannot be recovered for AF-related services; etc.
This flexibility is not possible today.
The flexibility that allows the operator to configure how the PCRF client would behave upon a PCRF failure and recovery does not exist today. 3GPP TR 29.816 describes how to provide grace timers to indicate if the session or service shall be terminated as soon as possible or not. The same TR indicates some mechanisms to retrieve session data from the client once the PCRF is recovered. But it is not possible to indicate whether the client should try to reestablish the previously created Gxx/Gx sessions for certain UE or APN. It is not possible either to indicate the actions to be taken by the PCRF client when the PCC control is not reestablished for certain services.


Order handling apparatus of the present invention stores assembly standard information that at least one component is managed for each assembly and component standard information which is basic information of a component to be mapped with each other. Order handling apparatus duplicates component standard information together with assembly standard information to generate individual assembly information for arranging an assembly, assigns arranging formation representing whether a component is arranged or not to generate individual component information and stores them. Order handling apparatus determines whether to reflect an update of component standard information in component standard information contained in individual assembly information based on arranging information when component standard information stored in standard assembly storing unit is updated.

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for handling orders in which an individual order product having at least one component is managed for each assembly of components.
Conventionally, electric device manufactures manage parts data by using a production management system. The manufacturers standardize parts or place an order for parts to develop a new product.
For this reason, as related arts, JP-A No. 2000-331052 discloses a product data management (PDM) system for managing configuration information of a product. The PDM system can easily secure consistency of edit information when cooperating with other systems. According to Patent Document 1, the PDM system records configuration information of respective parts which constitute a product in a tree form.
JP-A No. 2001-331535 discloses a component table data integrating apparatus which edits component table data created by a three-dimensional computer aided design (CAD) and component table data created by a two-dimensional CAD. According to JP-A No. 2001-331535, the component table data integrating apparatus integrates 3D component table data and 2D component table data which are edited to thereby create integrated component table data by using a user interface through a tree view.
JP-A No. 2004-192352 discloses plural systems in which production configuration management and production arrangement are separately performed. According to JP-A No. 2004-192352, a product configuration management system (PDM data system) which creates and manages arrangement information and component configuration information and a production arrangement system (enterprise resource planning (ERP)) which performs a deadline setting and progress management are provided. Further, a linkage system which links the PDM system and the ERP system is provided. The system creates arrangement information of a component and associates arrangement information with component configuration information.
JP-A No. H07-044609 discloses a design update application control system which automatically and reasonably determines the application of the design update of products. According to JP-A No. H07-044609, an application rule of a design update is registered in a form that can be processed by a computer.
An individual order product is relatively high in price, and it takes a long time to complete a product from an order. As competition between companies grows heated, it is required to produce and deliver a product in a short term and at a low price.
In order to solve the above problem, there is a method for arranging some components before basic design is completed. Meanwhile, a specification of a product is sometimes updated by a customer's intention after basic design is completed. In this instance, even though components are equal in basic design, components are arranged in advance in some products, and components are arranged after design updates in other products. As a result, there is a need that when updating of a design is determined, that should be reflected in components which are not arranged in advance and should not be reflected in components that are arranged in advance.

Apparatus and method for handling orders


A medical device comprising a coating thereon comprising a biocompatible polymer and heparin is provided herein. Heparin is coupled with the biocompatible polymer via a spacer having a grouping that renders a binding site of the heparin molecule accessible by a binding protein. The medical device can be implanted in a human being for the treatment of a disease such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, restenosis, hemorrhage, vascular dissection or perforation, vascular aneurysm, vulnerable plaque, chronic total occlusion, claudication, anastomotic proliferation for vein and artificial grafts, bile duct obstruction, ureter obstruction, tumor obstruction, or combinations thereof.

Field of the Invention
This invention generally relates to a coating having heparin attached thereto on an implantable device, such as a stent.
Description of the Background
Blood has a property of being coagulated by the action of various components in blood when it has come into contact with foreign matters. Hence, there is need for a high anticoagulant property in component materials for medical articles or instruments used on the part coming into contact with blood, as exemplified by artificial hearts, artificial cardiac valves, artificial blood vessel, blood vessel catheters cannulas, pump-oxygenators, blood vessel by-pass tubes, intraaortic balloon pumping, transfusion instruments and extracorporeal circulation circuits. Heparin has been commonly used to impart to the medical devices anticoagulant properties, but a systemic use of heparin may undesirably lead to the formation of a large number of bleeding nests.
Methods have been developed to minimize side effects associated with the use of heparin with limited success (see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,270,064 and 6,630,580). The efficacy of using heparin not only depends on the nature and property of heparin, but also depends on the nature and property of the materials used in associated with heparin. For example, surfaces in-vivo are quickly covered by proteins, which may thus reduce the effectiveness of heparin attached thereto. Moreover, direct attachment of heparin to substrate surfaces may block the binding sites on the heparin molecule such that they become inaccessible to the binding proteins, further reducing the effectiveness of heparin.
The present invention addresses such problems by providing a coating composition for coating implantable devices.


An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) comprising a plurality of propeller drives rigidly mounted to a foldable frame with the motor rotors aligned in a vertical direction to provide a means of vertical takeoffs and landings. The foldable frame mounts a sheet sail at an angle with the horizontal that provides lift during the forward motion and tilt of the UAV. In one embodiment the shape of the sheet sail and frame are triangular with one or two propeller drives being mounted in close proximity to each of the three vertices. In another embodiment, the shape of the sheet sail and frame are triangular with one or two propeller drives being mounted in close proximity to each of the three vertices, and one or two propeller drives being mount in close proximity to the trailing edge of the spine, in between the trailing edge propeller drives. In some embodiments, the frame spars may be comprised of carbon fiber rods and the sheet sail may be comprised of ripstop nylon fabric.

An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), commonly referred to as a drone, is an aircraft without a human pilot. It is controlled either by remote control using a radio signal, or, autonomously using an onboard computer system. UAVs are commonly used in military operations where missions are often too hazardous to deploy manned aircraft.
The use of personal drones has become increasingly popular over the last few years. Manufacturers have developed a wide variety of multicopters with three or more rotary propellers that are used for lift and propulsion, with the most popular version being a four rotor quadcopter. Advances in microelectromechancial system (MEMS) gyroscopes and accelerometers have allowed onboard computers to autonomously sense and control the pitch, roll, and yaw of these rotary multicopters. Some advanced personal drones are also equipped with global positioning systems (GPS) and compass microcircuits that allow the onboard computer to fly autonomously between preprogrammed waypoints. These systems also allow the multicopters to return safely to a home position given a low battery or lost telemetry signal situation. Multicopters are often equipped with a camera system for aerial photography. The main advantage of a multicopter its flight maneuverability including vertical takeoffs, landings, and the ability to hover in a fixed position. The main limitation of a multicopter is its limited flight time due to battery charge limitations. The typical flight time for a personal multicopter drone is 5-15 minutes.
Another common type of personal drone is a rotary propeller powered fixed wing plane. Fixed wing planes typically cost more than multicopters because they require servos and linkages to actuate flight control surfaces such as ailerons, a rudder, and an elevator. Fixed wing drones can be equipped with all of the sensors and onboard computers used by multicopters for autonomous flight. The main advantage of fixed wing planes is their longer flight time, typically 30-60 minutes on a battery charge. Flight time is extended because the wings provide lift. The main disadvantage of fixed wing planes is their limited flight maneuverability. Because they require a forward thrust to provide lift, they cannot perform vertical takeoffs and landings, and they cannot hover in a fixed position in space.
There are personal drones that integrate a multicopter platform with a fixed wing aircraft design. These personal drones typically use four propeller drives oriented in the vertical position for vertical takeoff capability. Once at cruising attitude, motorized mechanisms rotate the propeller drives towards the horizontal position and the aircraft functions as a fixed wing plane. These hybrid drones are costly because they require additional motors and linkages to tilt multiple propeller drives. These drones are often quite large because of their fixed wingspans, making them difficult to store and transport.


The present device provides a terminal mounted on the surface of a printed circuit board and, more particularly, to a terminal used for reliably contacting the electrodes of a battery. In a terminal comprising a housing and a plurality of spring contacts mounted in the housing, the curved parts of the spring sections of the spring contacts extend externally from one surface of the housing in different arrangement. Since the positions of the curved parts are different, the spring actions of the contacts against the contact target members are not localized. Even if the shape of the contact target members varies largely, these members can be held reliably.

As a terminal of this type, one obtained by arranging a plurality of spring contacts having the same shape in a housing in the longitudinal direction of the housing is generally used. Accordingly, the portions of all these contacts through which the contacts contact the contact target members are disposed on one line.
When the portions of the contacts through which the contacts contact target members are disposed on one line, the spring actions of the contacts against the contact target members are localized, leading to an inconvenience in holding these members. In particular, when the corresponding areas (electrodes) of the contact target members are large or when the shape of these members varies largely, this arrangement causes a disadvantage.


A mold press assembly has an outer press frame carrying first and second inner frames that are interlocked to the press frame during relative vertical movements of an upper platen and a lower platen for defining a throat distance for receiving mold parts connected thereto and the first and second inner frames connect on first and second drive shafts for pivotal booking movement. The shafts are connected at one end to an electric motor and connected at other points therealong to ball screws for vertically positioning an upper platen with respect to the outer press frame and for reciprocating the lower platen outwardly with respect to the pivoted second inner frame; and the first and second inner frames are driven by other ball screws and electric motors to pivot about the first and second drive shafts for providing access to mold parts connected to the upper and lower platens.

Various mold presses are known in which upper and lower platens are vertically reciprocated by hydraulic cylinders for maintaining pressure on the mold parts during a mold process. In such cases it is also known to include hydraulic drives for pivoting the platens in so called booking presses to provide access to the platens for removing finished parts from the mold press.
Also, various presses used in the manufacture of tires are known in which drive screws are used to open and close the press.
Additionally, it has been proposed to drive mold halves through ball screw actuators driven by electric motor energy.
While the various proposals are suitable for their intended purpose, none of the known mold press apparatus include a compact, all electric drive and ball screw actuation system for providing both vertical positioning and pivotal/reciprocation of the platens.


A (CoFe)Zr/Nb/Ta/Hf based target material is provided which is capable of achieving a high sputtering efficiency and a high sputtering effect by increasing the leakage magnetic flux in the magnetron sputtering, and a method for producing the target material. This target material is made of an Fe—Co based alloy comprising not less than 80 atomic % in total of Fe and Co having an Fe:Co atomic ratio of 80:20 to 0:100, and less than 20 atomic % of one or more selected from the group consisting of Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta. The Fe—Co based alloy comprises a Co—Fe phase being a ferromagnetic phase, and the one or more selected from the group consisting of Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta are incorporated in solid solution form into the Co—Fe phase in a total amount of 0.5 to 2 atomic %.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a (CoFe)Zr/Nb/Ta/Hf based target material used for forming a thin film for electronic components, such as a soft magnetic underlayer mainly used in a perpendicular magnetic recording medium, and to a method for producing the (CoFe)Zr/Nb/Ta/Hf based target material.
2. Description of Related Art
The recent progress in the magnetic recording technology is remarkable, and the record densities of magnetic record media are being heightened for increasing capacities of drives. In the magnetic record media for the longitudinal magnetic recording systems currently used worldwide, however, an attempt to realize a high record density leads to refined record bits, which require a high coercivity to such an extent that recording cannot be made with the record bits. In view of this, a perpendicular magnetic recording system is under study as a means of solving these problems and improving the record densities.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2005-320627 discloses a method for producing a Co alloy target material comprising 1 to 10 atomic % of Zr, 1 to 10 atomic % of Nb and/or Ta, and the balance consisting essentially of Co, with regard to a target material used for forming a thin film for electronic components, such as a soft magnetic underlayer in a perpendicular magnetic recording medium. In this method, a Co alloy is subjected to a rapid solidification process to produce an alloy powder, and then the alloy powder having a particle size of 500 μm or less is pressed and sintered.
However, a soft-magnetic target material as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2005-320627 has a disadvantage that the sputtering efficiency is reduced by low-leakage magnetic flux in the magnetron sputtering process because its alloy composition typically results in a high magnetic permeability. In a typical method of producing such a CoZrTa/Nb/Hf based target material, powder which is produced by a gas atomizing technique is consolidated and shaped through a hot hydraulic pressing process at 800° C. to 1200° C.
Meanwhile, magnetron sputtering method is generally used for the preparation of the aforementioned soft magnetic films. This magnetron sputtering method is a method in which a magnet is disposed behind a target material to leak the magnetic flux onto a surface of the target material for converging plasma in the leaked magnetic flux region, enabling a high-speed coating. Since the magnetron sputtering method has a feature of leaking the magnetic flux on the sputtering surface of the target material, in the case where magnetic permeability of the target material itself is high, it is difficult to form, on the sputtering surface of the target material, the leaked magnetic flux necessary and sufficient for the magnetron sputtering method. In view of this, there has been a demand for reducing the magnetic permeability of the target material itself as much as possible.


A method for manufacturing a molded detergent composition is provided. The method includes mixing a hydrated component and a hydratable component without heating to provide a mixture, molding the mixture to provide a molded detergent composition, and solidifying the molded detergent composition as a result of movement of the water of hydration from the hydrated component to the hydratable component to provide the molded detergent composition as a solid under conditions of room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The hydratable component includes water, if present at all, at a level of less than about 2 wt. % based on the weight of the hydratable component. The hydratable component is a component which successfully competes with the hydrated component for at least a portion of the water of hydration. Solidification of the mixture takes between about 1 minute and about 15 minutes.

Solid detergent compositions are described in the prior art. See U.S. Pat. Nos. RE 32,763 to Fernholtz, et al., RE 32,818 to Fernholtz, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,595,520 to Heile et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,680,134 to Heile et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,078,301 to Gladfelter et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,080,819 to Morganson et al. The solid detergent compositions prepared according to these United States patents incorporate carbonate, caustic, silicate and other materials in combination with a variety of nonionic surfactants made using EO, PO, or EO and PO groups. In addition, U.S. Pat. No. 4,753,755 to Gansser; U.S. Pat. No. 4,931,202 to Cotter et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,482,641 to Fleisher; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,670,467 to Fleisher disclose the use of nonionic surfactants in solid detergents. Many of the processes described in the prior art require the application of heat in the formation of solid detergent blocks.
Solid detergent blocks are desirable because they generally require less shelf space than liquid detergents, they are generally easier to handle than liquid detergents, and they reduce the splashing hazard common to the use of liquid detergents.

Method for manufacturing a molded detergent composition


A surface layer material of a hot rolling mill roll is provided. The surface layer has a chemical composition containing, by mass %, C: 2.4% or more and 3.5% or less, Si: 1.2% or more and 2.4% or less, Mn: 0.2% or more and 2.0% or less, Cr: 0.8% or more and 2.1% or less, Mo: 0.3% or more and 1.1% or less, Ni: 3.0% or more and 6.0% or less, V: 1.0% or more and 2.2% or less, Nb: 0.1% or more and 0.5% or less, REM: 0.0005%) or more and 0.1% or less, Al: 0.003% or more and 0.05% or less, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. The contents of C, Cr, V, Nb, REM, and Al satisfy the relationships Cr+0.2≦C−(0.24×V+0.13×Nb)≦3.0 and 0.01≦REM/Al≦3.2.

Recently, since outstanding progress has been made in hot rolling techniques for manufacturing steel sheets and steel pipes, there has been a strong demand for increasing the properties of a hot rolling mill roll, in particular, for increasing wear resistance. In order to meet such a demand for increasing wear resistance, a high-performance roll (hereinafter, also called a high-speed steel roll), which has a surface layer having a chemical composition similar to that of high-speed tool steel and a microstructure including a hard carbide precipitated in order to significantly increase wear resistance, has been developed and put into practical use.
On the other hand, in the final finishing rolling stand for a steel sheet, cobble tends to occur on a rolled material and the surface skin pattern of rolls tends to be transferred to a steel sheet. Therefore, a nickel grain cast iron roll, which has high heat shock resistance as a result of containing graphite and has smooth surface skin, has been installed in order to perform hot rolling. However, in the case of a conventional nickel grain cast iron roll, there is a problem in that roll life is short due to poor wear resistance.
On the other hand, in the case of a high-speed steel roll having high wear resistance, there is a problem from the viewpoint of accident resistance, because, for example, a large heat shock crack occurs due to the occurrence of cobble or sticking. Therefore, in a stand in the latter stage of final finishing hot rolling of a steel sheet in which cobble tends to occur frequently, it is difficult to stably use a high-speed steel roll, and therefore a lot of nickel grain cast iron rolls have been used.
In order to solve such problems, for example, Patent Literature 1 proposes a hot rolling mill roll, in which wear resistance is increased by adding 1.0 to 5.0 wt. % of V to nickel grain cast iron. In addition, Patent Literature 2 proposes a hot rolling mill roll, in which wear resistance is increased by adding 2.0 to 8.0 wt. % of V to nickel grain cast iron and by forming, in terms of area ratio, 0.2% to 10% of MC type carbides in addition to 0.5% to 5% of graphite.
In addition, Patent Literature 3 proposes a surface layer material of a rolling mill roll, in which wear resistance and surface deterioration resistance are combined by decreasing the grain diameter of crystallized graphite in high-speed cast iron having a microstructure containing high-hardness compound carbides and graphite. Moreover, Patent Literature 4 proposes a wear-resistant hot rolling mill roll, in which occurrence of surface deterioration is suppressed by limiting the total content of Cr, V, and Nb to 3 wt. % or less and by forming, in terms of area ratio, 2% or more of crystallized graphite.
In addition, Patent Literature 5, Patent Literature 6, and Patent Literature 7 propose that wear resistance, sticking resistance, surface deterioration resistance, and heat shock resistance are increased by improving the form of MC type carbides through the addition of a combination of V and Nb and by controlling Cr content and effective C content. Moreover, Patent Literature 8 proposes the surface layer material of a hot rolling mill roll, in which heat shock resistance is notably improved by controlling a graphite structure in addition to the limitation on the chemical composition described above.

Outer-layer material for hot-rolling roll, and hot-rolling composite roll


The invention relates to compositions useful for making tablets which can be formed using conventional tableting machines and which disintegrate rapidly when placed in the mouth. The compositions typically include partially hygroscopic shearform matrices which may be recrystallized using crystallization promoters.

Glycerine, a tableting additive, has been used for its ability to lend stickiness to tablet formulations. Some stickiness is desirable, serving to provide cohesion to hold the tablet ingredients together during compression. However, in certain situations, the use of glycerine can produce too much stickiness, resulting in the formulations clumping or sticking in various machine parts before and during tableting. Self-binding, readily flowable compositions containing no glycerine have been unknown to the art.
One method for addressing the need for self-binding flowable formulations was the production of shearform matrices or flosses. These matrices result when using certain processing techniques, such as the following:
U.S. Pat. No. 5,587,172, incorporated herein by reference, discusses the use of flash heat techniques to produce sucrose-containing shearform flosses, which are then processed to yield quick-dissolving tablets.
The use of shearform matrices for forming comestible units is described in co-assigned and co-pending PCT application No. PCT/US95/07144, filed Jun. 6, 1995. The PCT case discloses a quick dissolving tablet which is formed by: (1) using flash-flow technology to provide a shearform matrix; (2) combining the partially recrystallized matrix with an additive to form flowable, compactible particulate blends; and (3) compacting the blends at relatively low pressure to form comestible units, such as tablets.
Additionally, PCT publication WO 95/34293 (published Dec. 21, 1995) from co-assigned PCT Application No. PCT/US95/07194, filed Jun. 6, 1995, discloses a process and apparatus for making rapidly dissolving dosage units by flash-flow processing. In this PCT application, a shearform matrix is formed by the flash-flow process, the shearform matrix is combined with an additive, and the matrix is molded to make a unit dosage form. Tamping may be used to compact the dosage form and increase its integrity.
While the use of shearform matrices is an advance in the art, there still exists a need for non-sticking tabletable compositions which, when molded, yield fast-dissolving dosage units. This invention addresses that need.

Fast-dissolving comestible units formed under high-speed/high-pressure conditions


A voltage supplying device (1) comprising a video line (LV1), a video line (LVn), a source line (LS1) of a source line group (GS1) supplied with a gray scale voltage through the video line (LV1), a source line (LSn) of a source line group (GS1) supplied with a gray scale voltage through the video line (LVn), a source line (LS1) of a source line group (GS2) supplied with a voltage through the video line (LV1), and a controlling means for continuing to supply the source line (LSn) of the source line group (GS1) during a transition from a state in which the source line (LS1) of a source line group (GS1) is supplied with a voltage to a state in which the source line (LSn) of a source line group (GS1) is supplied with a voltage.

A voltage supplying device for supplying source lines grouped as a plurality of source line groups with voltages has been known.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing one example of a conventional voltage supplying device 100.
The voltage supplying device 100 comprises a plurality of source line groups GS1, GS2, GS3, . . . . Each of the source line groups GS1, GS2, GS3, . . . consists of n source lines LS1 to LSn. The voltage supplying device 100 comprises a video line group GV in order to supply each of the source line groups GS1, GS2, GS3, . . . with gray scale voltages outputted from a gray scale voltage outputting means 10. The video line group GV comprises n video lines LV1 to LVn. The video line LV1 is a line for supplying a source line LS1 of each of source line groups GS1, GS2, GS3, . . . with voltages. Similarly, the other video lines LV2, . . . , LVn−1, LVn are lines for supplying source lines LS2, . . . , LSn−1, LSn of each of source line groups GS1, GS2, GS3, . . . with voltages. The voltage supplying device 100 comprises switch circuits C1, C2, C3, . . . associated with the source line groups GS1, GS2, GS3, . . . . Each of the switch circuits C1, C2, C3, . . . comprises n switching elements SW1 to SWn associated with n source lines LS1 to LSn. The voltage supplying device 100 comprises a shift register 21. The shift register 21 outputs control signals S1, S2, S3, . . . for controlling the switch circuits C1, C2, C3, . . . in synchronization with a clock signal CLK.
FIG. 2 shows a timing chart of the conventional voltage supplying device 100 shown in FIG. 1.
In the uppermost position of FIG. 2, a voltage profile on the video lines LV1 to LVn is shown every one clock period. It is noted that reference characters 'GS1', 'GS2', 'GS3' are described in the voltage profile. For example, the reference character 'GS1' is described in a period from times t1 to t2. This means that the gray scale voltages for source lines belonging to the source line group GS1 are supplied to the video lines LV1 to LVn during the period from times t1 to t2. A period from times t2 to t3 can be considered similarly to the period from times t1 to t2. The reference character 'GS2' is described in the period from times t2 to t3. This means that the gray scale voltages for source lines belonging to the source line group GS2 are supplied to the video lines LV1 to LVn. As described above, the video lines LV1 to LVn are supplied with gray scale voltages for the source line groups every one clock period.
Below the voltage profile of the video lines LV1 to LVn, a clock signal CLK is shown. A control signal S1 outputted from the shift register 21 has a high level voltage during a clock period T1 and a control signal S2 has a high level voltage one clock period later than the control signal S1 i.e. during the next clock period T2. Therefore, the source line group GS1 is in a low impedance state LI, during the period from times t1 to t2, in which it is connected to the video lines LV1 to LVn, whereas the source line group GS2 is in a low impedance state LI, during the period from times t2 to t3, in which it is connected to the video lines LV1 to LVn. Further, the source line group GS3 is in a low impedance state LI, during a period from times t3 to t4, in which it is connected to the video lines LV1 to LVn (not shown in FIG. 2).
In the voltage supplying device 100 shown in FIG. 1, the switch circuit C1 changes from the on-state to the off-state and the switch circuit C2 changes from the off-state to the on-state at time t2. Therefore, the source line group GS1 adjacent to the group GS2 changes from the low impedance state LI to the high impedance state HI, whereas the source lines group GS2 changes from the high impedance state HI to the low impedance state LI. In this case, the source line group GS2 is the low impedance state LI while the source line group GS1 is in the high impedance state HI, so that the supply of the voltage to the source line group GS1 is blocked. Therefore, in the case that the voltage on the source line LS1 of the source line group GS2 changes at the time when the source line group GS2 becomes the low impedance state LI, the voltage on the source line LSn of the source line group GS1 varies due to the cross talk, so that the voltage on the source line LSn of the source line group GS1 deviates from the original voltage. Ditto for the source lines LSn of the other source line groups.
An object of the present invention is to provide a voltage supplying device which can return a voltage on a line to the original voltage when the voltage on the line varies due to the cross talk between adjacent lines.