A control system includes a controlled apparatus adjusting its operation based on a control signal from an independently cased control apparatus. The controlled apparatus includes an indicator light projector projecting indicator light in an invisible wavelength region so that an exiting direction thereof has a known regularity and change over time, a response signal receiver receiving a response signal in response to light reception from the control apparatus having received the indicator light, a relative position recognizer recognizing a relative position of the control apparatus to its housing based on the response signal, and an adjuster performing predetermined adjustment based on the recognition. The control apparatus includes an indicator light receiver receiving the indicator light, a response signal forming unit forming a response signal for the relative position recognizer, and a response signal transmitter transmitting the response signal toward the response signal receiver of the controlled apparatus.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a control system configured by a television receiver as a controlled apparatus, for example, and a remote control (hereinafter, remote) or the like as a control apparatus corresponding thereto, for example, and a controlled apparatus and a control apparatus adapted to the system. As an example, the invention relates to a control system that estimates a position of a viewer who has a high probability of being located in a location substantially the same as a position where a remote is present and enables adjustment to effects of video and sound so that they may be adapted to the position of the viewer, and a controlled apparatus and a control apparatus adapted to the system.
2. Related Art
Historically, an audio and visual apparatus with a function of remote control position detection has been proposed. According to the apparatus, a remote receives an acoustic wave signal from an audio and visual apparatus corresponding to the remote, converts a reception level as an acoustic wave detection signal into a remote control signal, and transmits the signal toward the audio and visual apparatus. The audio and visual apparatus receives the transmitted remote control signal and uses the reception level contained in the signal as a remote control signal detection signal, scans the orientation of a speaker and directed the speaker toward a direction in which the remote control signal detection signal indicates the maximum reception level. Further, the apparatus recognizes a distance to the remote based on timing of transmission and reception of the signal related to the remote in the direction and stores the recognized value as remote control position information point by point, uses remote control position information with highest frequency among the stored information as an initial position of the remote, and controls the orientation of the speaker based on the remote control position information containing the initial position (see JP-A-8-214183, paragraphs 0007 to 0015, FIGS. 4 and 5).
Also, in JP-A-8-214183, control adapted to the preference and habit of a user by considering clock information, calendar time information, program information, etc. other than the information of direction of the remote or distance thereto has been proposed.
Further, optimization of acoustic effect according to a position of a viewer has been proposed. According to the proposal, a television receiver includes infrared light receiving means, and plural light receiving elements having different directivities provided in the receiving means receive infrared light from a remote to detect a direction in which the remote (i.e., a person with the remote) is located from an incident direction of the received infrared light, and then, the television receiver adjusts the sound volume balance of right and left speakers based on the detection result (see JP-A-1-109867, the middle part of upper left column to the middle part of lower right column on the second page, FIG. 1).
Similarly, there has been a proposal in which a television receiver main body includes plural personal detection infrared sensors respectively having directivities in different directions provided at the lower part thereof, and detects a direction in which a remote (i.e., a person with the remote) is located from an incident direction of the received infrared light from the remote using these plural personal detection infrared sensors, and then, the television receiver adjusts the sound volume balance of right and left speakers based on the detection result (see JP-A-5-137200, paragraphs 0005 to 0007, FIG. 1).
The above described existing technologies still have the following various unsolved problems. That is, since all of the above described technologies disclosed in the documents are to determine the direction in which the remote is located by receiving the remote side emission of light at the television receiver side, they have potentials to inhibit power saving in the remote, which is typically arranged so as to operate using a small battery with low capacity as a power supply, and cause complication that the battery must be frequently replaced.
Further, in the technology proposed in JP-A-8-214183, since audible sound is used as an acoustic wave signal from the audio and visual apparatus, it is inevitable that the viewer has discomfort throughout the adjustment depending on the degree of the acoustic signal to be applied. Furthermore, in the proposals of JP-A-1-109867 and JP-A-5-137200, it is necessary to provide a large number of light receiving elements at the remote side to improve the precision of position detection, however, the large number of light receiving elements cause upsizing of the remote. If the number of light receiving elements is reduced, the resolution of position detection can not be secured.

Control system and controlled apparatus and control apparatus adapted to the system


In various embodiments, a surgical stapler is disclosed. The stapler comprises a handle, a shaft, and a surgical end effector extending from the shaft. The stapler further comprises a firing member configured to move through a plurality of positions during a firing stroke, an electric motor configured to drive the firing member during the firing stroke, and a control system for controlling the electric motor. The control system comprises a battery and a pulse frequency modulation circuit configured to control the frequency of pulses supplied from the battery to the electric motor, wherein the pulse frequency modulation circuit is configured to optimize the speed applied to the firing member.

Surgical staplers are used to simultaneously make a longitudinal incision in tissue and apply lines of staples on opposing sides of the incision. Such instruments commonly include an end effector having a pair of cooperating jaw members that, if the instrument is intended for endoscopic or laparoscopic applications, are capable of passing through a cannula passageway. One of the jaw members receives a staple cartridge having at least two laterally spaced rows of staples—one on each side of the knife channel. The other jaw member defines an anvil having staple-forming pockets aligned with the rows of staples in the cartridge. The instrument includes a plurality of reciprocating wedges that, when driven distally, pass through openings in the staple cartridge and engage drivers supporting the staples to effect the firing of the staples toward the anvil. Simultaneously, a cutting instrument (or knife) is drawn distally along the jaw member so that the clamped tissue is cut and fastened (e.g., stapled) at the same time.
An example of a surgical stapler suitable for endoscopic applications is described in published U.S. patent application Pub. No. 2004/0232196 A1, entitled, "Surgical stapling instrument having separate distinct closing and firing systems," the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. In use, a clinician is able to close the jaw members of the stapler upon tissue to position the tissue prior to firing. Once the clinician has determined that the jaw members are properly gripping tissue, the clinician can then fire the surgical stapler, thereby severing and stapling the tissue. The simultaneous severing and stapling actions avoid complications that may arise when performing such actions sequentially with different surgical tools that respectively only sever or staple.
Motor-driven endocutters are known in the art. In such devices, a motor powers the cutting and fastening action of the instrument. It is also known to use an on-board battery, located in the handle of the instrument, to power the motor. Published U.S. patent application Pub. No. 2007/0175952 A1, entitled "Motor-driven surgical cutting and fastening instrument with loading force feedback," the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, describes one such motor-driven surgical instrument.

Motor-driven surgical cutting instrument


An automatic support mechanism. The automatic support mechanism includes a fixed base, a first supporting member, a second supporting member and an extendable supporting member. The first supporting member is rotatably connected to the fixed base. The second supporting member is rotatably connected to the fixed base and is slidably connected to the first supporting member. The extendable supporting member is movably disposed between the first supporting member and the second supporting member. The extendable supporting member automatically moves between a received position and an extended position by relative rotation and sliding of the first and second supporting members.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an automatic support mechanism, and in particular to an automatic support mechanism that is easy to operate.
2. Description of the Related Art
A printer or business machine usually includes a feeding device to input media sheets thereto. The media sheets are placed on a support mechanism of the feeding device and are input to the printer or business machine to be printed or processed.
The conventional support mechanism usually includes multiple extension plates to support the media sheets. The extension plates provide sufficient support area for the media sheets. Nevertheless, extending or rotating a conventional support mechanism requires several steps and may be considered inconvenient.
Hence, there is a need to provide an automatic support mechanism. The present automatic support mechanism can automatically extend or retract without requiring numerous complex steps, thus simplifying operation.

Automatic support mechanism and use thereof


The current invention is regarding a slip ring for transmitting high speed electrical signal across a rotating interface, especially for transmitting Ethernet data. It consists of sandwich assembly with multiple conducting plates individually sandwiched by multiple insulating spacers and a brush block assembly with multiple conducting brushes. The input Ethernet cable is attached on said sandwich assembly and the wires from input cable can be individually soldered into the central hole of each conducting plate (The wires are always off-centered in prior art). The output Ethernet cable is soldered on said brush block. Said brush block assembly and said sandwich assembly are rotatable relative to each other through bearings to form a rotational interface. As a result, high speed electrical signal can be transmitted across the rotating interface without suffering from phase shift and data distortion as in prior arts due to unequal path lengths.

The present invention relates generally to an electrical slip ring, and more particularly to an apparatus having a plurality of conductive plates and conductive fiber brush bundles to transfer electrical signal(s) between relatively rotatable objects.
It is well known that electrical slip rings are electromechanical devices that consist of rotational (rotors) and stationary (stators) members. They allow the transmission of electrical signals and power from their rotors to stators or vise verse.
A conventional electrical slip ring consists of conductive rings mounted on a rotor and insulated from it. Fixed brushes run in contact with the rings, rubbing against the peripheral surfaces of the rings, transferring electrical power or signals to the stator.
Electrical rotary joints, or electrical slip rings are electromechanical devices that consist of rotational and stationary members. They allow the transmission of electrical signals and power from their rotors to stators or vise verse. A conventional electrical slip ring consists of conductive rings mounted on a rotational member, insulated from it, and commuters fixed with a stationary member. Fixed brushes from commuters run in contact with the rings, rubbing against the peripheral surfaces of the rings, transferring electrical power or signals between rotational member and stationary member.
In computer networking, Gigabit Ethernet (GbE or 1 GigE) is a term describing various technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of a gigabit per second (1,000,000,000 bits per second), as defined by the IEEE 802.3-2008 standard. 1000BASE-T (also known as IEEE 802.3ab) is a standard for Gigabit Ethernet over copper wiring. Each 1000BASE-T network segment can be a maximum length of 100 meters (330 feet), and must use Category 5 cable or better (including Cat 5e and Cat 6).
Category 5 cable (cat 5) is a twisted pair cable for carrying signals. This type of cable is used in structured cabling for computer networks such as Ethernet. To support Gigabit Ethernet, a higher performance version of cat 5, enhanced cat 5 or cat 5e has been added to the standards. Cat 5e adds new performance requirements to permit higher speed network operation. The category 5e specification improves upon the category 5 specification by tightening some crosstalk specifications and introducing new crosstalk specifications that were not present in the original category 5 specification. The bandwidth of category 5 and 5e is the same—100 MHz.
Slip rings do a great job of transmitting electrical power. However, when used for data communications, high speed data stream as a series of multiple frequency pulses being transferred through the slip ring with unequal path lengths, would change the signal impedance beyond that tolerated by the data signal and can cause phase shift and distortion of the transition points resulting in the received data rise and fall times to have serious edge jitter, or serious amplitude distortions. The resultant distorted data waveforms stress the decision-making hardware to correctly detect the data versus the fixed frequency of the data clock. When this becomes large enough, data errors occur.
This process can occur within the frequency response bandwidth of the device.

Slip ring for high speed data transmission


The present invention relates to novel compounds that inhibit Lp-PLA2 activity, processes for their preparation, to compositions containing them and to their use in the treatment of diseases associated with the activity of Lp-PLA2, for example atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease.

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) previously known as platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), is a phospholipase A2 enzyme involved in hydrolysis of lipoprotein lipids or phospholipids. Lp-PLA2 travels with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and rapidly cleaves oxidized phosphatidylcholine molecules derived from the oxidation of LDL. (See e.g., Zalewski A, et al., Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 25, 5, 923-31(2005)). Lp-PLA2 hydrolyzes the sn-2 ester of the oxidized phosphatidylcholines to give lipid mediators, lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) and oxidized nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs). It has been observed that lysoPC and NEFAs elicit inflammatory responses. (See e.g., Zalewski A, et al. (2005)).
A number of Lp-PLA2 inhibitors and/or uses thereof have been previously described. (See. for example, published patent application nos. WO96/13484, WO96/19451, WO97/02242, WO97/12963, WO97/21675, WO97/21676, WO97/41098, WO97/41099, WO99/24420, WO00/10980, WO00/66566, WO00/66567, WO00/68208, WO01/60805, WO02/30904, WO02/30911, WO03/015786, WO03/016287, WO03/041712, WO03/042179, WO03/042206, WO03/042218, WO03/086400, WO03/87088, WO08/048867, US 2008/0103156, US 2008/0090851, US 2008/0090852, and WO08/048866.) Disclosed uses include treating disease that involves or is associated with endothelial dysfunction, disease that involves lipid oxidation in conjunction with Lp-PLA2 activity (e.g., associated with the formation of lysophosphatidylcholine and oxidized free fatty acids), and disease that involves activated monocytes, macrophages or lymphocytes or which is associated with increased involvement of monocytes, macrophages or lymphocytes. Examples of diseases or conditions include atherosclerosis (e.g. peripheral vascular atherosclerosis and cerebrovascular atherosclerosis), diabetes, hypertension, angina pectoris, after ischaemia and reperfusion, rheumatoid arthritis, stroke, inflammatory conditions of the brain such as Alzheimer's Disease, various neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, myocardial infarction, ischaemia, reperfusion injury, sepsis, acute and chronic inflammation, and psoriasis.
Lp-PLA2 inhibitors and/or uses thereof are also reported, for example, in PCT Publication Nos. WO05/003118 (and its Canadian family member CA 2530816A1); WO06/063811; WO06/063813 and WO 2008/141176; JP 200188847; and US Published Patent Application Nos. US 2008/0279846 A1, US 2010/0239565 A1, and US 2008/0280829 A1.
Other researchers have studied the effects related to Lp-PLA2 and inhibitors thereof. For example, research data has also indicated that LysoPC promotes atherosclerotic plaque development, which can ultimately lead to the formation of a necrotic core. (See e.g., Wilensky et al., Current Opinion in Lipidology, 20, 415-420 (2009)). In addition, the effect of Lp-PLA2 inhibitors on atherosclerotic plaque composition was demonstrated in a diabetic and hypercholesterolemic porcine model of accelerated coronary atherosclerosis. (See e.g., Wilensky et al., Nature Medicine, 10, 1015-1016 (2008)). These research results provided further evidence that Lp-PLA2 inhibitors may be used to treat atherosclerosis.
Additional research has found that high Lp-PLA2 activity is associated with high risk of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) (See e.g., Van Oijen, et al. Annals of Neurology, 59, 139 (2006)). Higher level of oxidized LDL has also been observed in AD patients (See e.g., Kassner et al. Current Alzheimer Research, 5, 358-366 (2008); Dildar, et al., Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord, 24, April-June (2010); Sinem, et al. Current Alzheimer Research, 7, 463-469 (2010)). Further, research data has shown that neuroinflammation is present in AD patients and multiple cytotoxic inflammatory cytokines are up-regulated in AD patients. (See e.g., Colangelo, et al., Journal of Neuroscience Research, 70, 462-473 (2002); Wyss-Coray, Nature Medicine, 12, September (2006)). Research has shown that LysoPC function is a pro-inflammatory factor inducing multiple cytotoxic inflammatory cytokine release (See Shi, et al. Atherosclerosis, 191, 54-62 (2007)). Therefore, this recent research has provided additional evidence that that the inhibitors of Lp-PLA2 can be used to treat AD by inhibiting activity of Lp-PLA2 and reducing lysoPC production.
In addition, the treatment of an Lp-PLA2 inhibitor on a diabetic and hypercholesterolemia swine model demonstrated that the blood-brain-barrier leakage and the brain amyloid beta protein (Aβ) burden, the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, were reduced. (See U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0279846). This publication describes several uses of Lp-PLA2 inhibitors for treating diseases associated with blood-brain-barrier leakage, including, e.g., Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.
Further, neuroinflammation, including multiple cytotoxic cytokine release, is a common feature of all neurodegenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, etc. (See e.g., Perry, Acta Neuropathol, 120, 277-286 (2010)). As discussed above, Lp-PLA2 inhibitors can reduce inflammation, for example, reducing multiple cytokine release by suppressing lysoPC production. (See e.g., Shi, et al. Atherosclerosis 191, 54-62 (2007)). Thus, inhibiting Lp-PLA2 is a potential therapeutic treatment for neurodegenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, etc.
In addition to the inflammatory effect, LysoPC has been implicated in leukocyte activation, induction of apoptosis and mediation of endothelial dysfunction (See, e.g., Wilensky et al., Current Opinion in Lipidology, 20, 415-420 (2009)). Therefore, it is believed that Lp-PLA2 inhibitors can be used to treat tissue damage associated with diabetes by reducing the production of lysoPC, which can cause a continuous cycle of vascular inflammation and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In light of the inflammatory roles of Lp-PLA2 and the association between localized inflammatory processes and diabetic retinopathy, it is postulated that Lp-PLA2 can be used to treat diabetic eye disease.
Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are retina neurodegenerative diseases. Studies suggested that inflammation, including TNF-alpha signaling, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and AMD (See e.g., Buschini et al., Progress in Neurobiology, 95, 14-25 (2011); Tezel, Progress in Brain Research, vol. 173, ISSN0079-6123, Chapter 28). Thus, considering Lp-PLA2 inhibitors' function of blocking inflammatory cytokine release (See e.g., Shi, et al. Atherosclerosis, 191, 54-62 (2007)), it is believed that Lp-PLA2 inhibitors can provide a potential therapeutic application for both glaucoma and AMD.
In view of the number of pathological responses that are mediated by Lp-PLA2, attempts have been made to prepare compounds that inhibit its activity. Though a number of such compounds have been disclosed in the art, there remains a continuing need for inhibitors of Lp-PLA2 which can be used in the treatment of a variety of conditions.

Substituted pyrimido[1,6-a]pyrimidines as Lp-PLA


In an array of data storage disks, a data validation system for data arranged in corresponding sectors of a sector group that includes a parity sector. Each user data sector in a sector group is assigned at least two of a plurality of validation fields for placement of a validation stamp. No two data sectors are assigned to identically corresponding sets of validation fields. In the parity sector, there is a parity entry in each of the validation fields created by combining all of the validation stamps in the corresponding validation field throughout the sector group. The validation fields are used to detect partially completed writes into the array of data storage disks.

One particular disk array system which provides a high degree of availability of the disks thereof is often referred to as a Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID). Such system uses an intelligent input-output (I/O) processor for accessing one or more data storage disks of the array in response to the needs of a host computer, each data storage disk of the array being driven by disk drive circuitry operating via the I/O control processor in a manner that effectively appears to the host computer as a single disk drive. A data storage disk module comprises, for example, a disk, disk driver circuitry, and power/control circuitry. Alternatively, in some implementations of such systems, an I/O processor need not be used and the host computer may communicate directly with the disk modules which form an array.
In a particular RAID-5 context, for example, which comprises an array of five data storage disks, each disk has a plurality of data storage sectors, corresponding sectors in each of the five disks being referred to as a sector group or "stripe" of sectors. Each stripe includes one sector for holding redundant, or parity, data. The remaining sectors in the stripe store user data. The use of such redundancy allows for the reconstruction of user data in the event of a failure of a user data sector in the stripe.
When a user data disk module fails, the redundant or parity entry that is available in the parity sector of a stripe and the data in the non-failed user data sectors of the stripe can be used to permit the user data that was in the sector of the failed disk to be effectively reconstructed so that the system can remain operative using such reconstructed data even when the user data of that sector of the failed disk cannot be accessed.
Certain kinds of failures, however, can occur in which the array is left in an incoherent or effectively unusable state, e.g., a situation can occur in which there is a power failure, i.e., power to the I/O processor (IOP) fails or the I/O processor itself fails due to a hardware defect, or power to the disk drives themselves fails. A further problem can arise, for example, if a power failure results in the need to use a new IOP to replace a failed one and there is no way to identify where a write operation to a sector of the array was taking place after the new IOP has replaced the old IOP.
Techniques have been devised for handling such power failure situations that cannot be handled by RAID-5 systems as originally designed. Using conventional disk drives to perform a RAID-5 style write typically requires several distinct commands and associated data transfers. A RAID-5 write begins with a command to read old data from the target data drive. Then, new data is written to the data drive. A partial product is obtained by XORing the old and new data to get a partial product. A read command is issued to read the old parity from the disk drive containing the parity sector. The partial product is XORed with the old parity. Finally, the result of the XOR is written into the parity sector. If a write is interrupted by a failure, a mechanism is needed to identify where an interrupted write may have been started.
In order to handle this situation, Data General Corporation, the assignee of the present application, has used, in prior art systems, additional bytes at the end of a sector to include what have been called a checksum, a shed stamp, a time stamp and a write stamp. Typically a sector includes 512 bytes of host data and 8 bytes of validation data. The checksum verifies that the host data is correct and is on the correct disk sector. The shed stamp is a series of bits used to identify whether the parity sector of a particular sector group contains parity data or shed data. Shed data is used when the array is being operated in a degraded mode, in other words when one of the disk drives is not operating. Shed data is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,305,326 (Solomon et al.), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
A time stamp is used to provide a check against data sector corruption from the last major update. Each time there is a major stripe update (i.e., a write command that causes all sectors in a stripe to be updated), the time stamp is set in each of the sectors that belongs to the particular stripe. The time stamp is a unique random number that is written into each of the sectors in the stripe at the time of the major stripe update. Thereafter, any change to the data in that sector causes the time stamp to be invalidated. The time stamp, thus, provides a validation mechanism for sectors that have not been updated since the last major stripe update.
The write stamp is a series of bits, one for each data storage disk in a sector group. During a major stripe update, the write stamps are all set to zero. Each time a write is performed, the bit corresponding to the disk drive being updated is flipped in the drive being updated. The corresponding bit is also flipped in the parity drive upon completion of the write. In order to flip the write stamp bit corresponding to the disk drive being written into, a pre-read must take place so as to know the old value. Only then is it known what the new value should be. The pre-read is performed anyway during a RAID-5 write into a conventional disk drive in order to retrieve the partial product for writing the parity sector. The write stamp is used to provide a validation mechanism for sectors that have been updated since the last major stripe update.
Data storage disk drives with the ability to coordinate parity updates through drive-based XORing will soon be available on the market. When such a disk drive is operated in the drive-based XOR mode, a host simply issues a XOR-WRITE command to the disk drive. This command causes the data drive to read the old data from the disk, write the new data to the disk, compute the partial product, issue a partial product XOR-WRITE to the parity drive and then return status to the host when the entire update is complete. Thus, the host only has to issue a single command. Parity is updated by the disk drives and there is no need for any read command. To implement the prior art write stamp validation mechanism on a disk drive performing drive-based XOR would result in slowing the system operation. Thus, it has become desirable to develop a new validation system that does not involve pre-reads as was the case for the write stamp.

Data validation system for a group of data storage disks


Disclosed is a device and method for removing the lid of an inkjet cartridge. The device holds the cartridge within two jaws, which secure only the bottom of the cartridge. A driving mechanism is used to pop off the top of the cartridge in order that it may be refilled. The driver is J-shaped and has long and short prongs connected by a cross member. A screw within a bulkhead is used to push the driver from the back. This causes the long prong to bear against the top of the cartridge to remove it. The short prong assists in guiding the driver. A spring pushes back on the driver the further it is driven. This enables the user to retract the driving member once the top of the cartridge has been removed. A shelf is formed on all of the jaws of the holder. One jaw has an overhang portion which, with the shelf, forms a channel. Many commercially available cartridges are configured with a rib at their midsection. The shelf and channel act to receive this rib so that the cartridge may be held securely. Also disclosed is a shim which is inserted into the device so that it may accommodate smaller-sized cartridges.

1. Field of the Invention
The device and method of the present invention relates to the general field of refilling inkjet cartridges. More specifically, the present invention relates to the forcible removal of an inkjet cartridge's lid using a mechanical device.
2. Description of the Related Art
There are several commercially-available varieties of computer printers. Some use thermal heads. Others use lasers. Perhaps the most common sort of printer, however, uses ink jets.
These inkjet printers are very popular because they may be purchased at relatively low cost. Maintenance is not quite so cheap, however. The print head and ink container for an inkjet printer is typically included in a disposable unit. These disposable units may be very expensive. In some cases, such a cartridge may be good for printing less than 500 sheets of paper, and cost more than a fourth of the purchase price for the printer in which they are to be used. Considering this, the user may quickly incur maintenance costs which exceed the cost of the entire printer.
One reason for the high cost per cartridge is that a new print head is included with the cartridge. This print head has a useful life multiple times longer than the length of time provided by the ink included. Therefore, when a cartridge is discarded after running out of ink, a still-good cartridge and print head are wasted.
The problem is exacerbated where color cartridges are concerned. Color cartridges typically have three separate color reservoirs. One for each of three primary colors. These colors will tend to run out at different rates. When the first of the three runs out, the user may throw out significant quantities of unused ink in the other two reservoirs.
The manufacturers of these cartridges have not provided the consumer with a way to replenish the ink within these cartridges, or even develop an alternative design in which does not require disposal of the cartridge. Instead, the manufacturers have created a cartridge that is difficult to refill. This type of cartridge typically has top and bottom shell-like halves. The top half typically has a flange created around its lower edges. The lower half has a flange around its upper edges. These flanges are fused together to connect the halves to create a fluidly sealed ink reservoir. The fusing is done through the use of adhesives or sonic welding. Because the fusion is intended by the manufacturer to be permanent, it difficult to break the halves apart for refilling without causing damage.
Devices have been developed in the prior art for separating the two halves. Most of these devices separate the halves using leverage. See e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,906,143 issued to Yuen. Other numerous devices exist which mechanically remove the cartridge top. All of the these prior art devices, however, have disadvantages. Many will damage the cartridge because of their crudeness. Others will not sufficiently grip the cartridge. This causes significant problems because the cartridge may pop out of its intended position, possibly exposing the user or his or her surroundings to be stained with permanent ink. The prior art devices may also not be capable of accommodating different sizes of cartridges.
Therefore, there exists in the art a need for a device that will enable the user to separate the two halves of a two-half cartridge so that it may be refilled with ink, but will not damage the cartridge, or cause the cartridges to pop out during the process. The device should also be versatile and accommodate different cartridge sizes.


One embodiment of the present invention provides a system that monitors a physical variable associated with an electronic component within a computer system. During operation, the system receives telemetry signals of the physical variable which are collected by one or more physical sensors associated with the electronic component. The system also collects electromagnetic interference (EMI) signals generated by the electronic component. Next, the system builds an inferential model for the physical variable by correlating the EMI signals with the telemetry signals. The system then uses the inferential model to infer values for the physical variable from the EMI signals.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to techniques for monitoring physical variables associated with the operation of a computer system. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus that accurately infers the outputs of physical sensors that are used to monitor the physical variables using EMI signals.
2. Related Art
Modern server computer systems are typically equipped with a significant number of physical sensors which monitor signals during the operation of the computer systems. For example, most CPUs are currently equipped with on-chip thermal diodes that are used to monitor CPU core temperatures. Other monitored signals can include voltages, currents, fan speeds, and other physical variables associated with the computer system operation. Results from this monitoring process can be used to generate time series data for these signals which can subsequently be analyzed to determine how a computer system is operating. One particularly desirable application of this time series data is for purposes of "proactive fault monitoring" to identify leading indicators of component or system failures before the failures actually occur.
Note that the physical sensors inside computer systems can degrade over time, which can lead to "stuck-at" faults or other failure modes of a physical sensor. In many cases, the mean time between failures (MTBF) of the physical sensors can be shorter than the MTBF for the components or systems that the sensors are designed to protect. However, it is typically not commercially feasible to deploy multiple, redundant physical sensors inside server computer systems to monitor a particular physical variable (unless they are safety critical systems). Consequently, when physical sensors degrade or fail during, service, they have to be replaced to ensure the safety of the computer systems.
Unfortunately, replacing the degraded or failed physical sensors within a computer system may require replacing the complete system boards or field replaceable units (FRU)s which contain these physical sensors. For high-end computer systems, this replacement can be prohibitively costly. For example, the uniboards for high-end server computer systems can cost $100K per board. Note that, it is not practical to replace a $100K system board just because a $2 sensor has failed.
Hence, what is needed is method and an apparatus that facilitates replacing a faulty physical sensor in a computer system without the above-described problems.

Accurately inferring physical variable values associated with operation of a computer system


A method and apparatus for creating a plume of fish attractant around a submerged lure moving relative to the water are provided. In particular, a diver is provided that includes a structure for receiving a fish attracting substance. The structure for receiving the fish attracting substance is configured so that a plume of the fish attracting substance is directed around a lure connected to the diver while the diver and hire are submerged in and moving relative to the water. A cap for enclosing the structure for receiving the fish attracting substance may be provided for containing the substance while the diver is out of the water.

It is often desirable while fishing to present a fishing lure at some depth beneath the surface of the water. In order to submerge a lure, devices known as trolling planers or divers have been developed. In general, such devices submerge an interconnected lure using the force of water moving relative to the diver. More particularly, divers typically have a wing or plane having a leading edge that is lower than the following edge, such that the force of water on the plane or wing causes the diver and the attached lure to be forced downward. The ultimate depth achieved by the diver is a function of the diver's size, the speed of the water relative to the diver, line diameter, size of bait or lure, and the amount of line between the rod tip and the diver. Accordingly, divers can be used when fishing from a moving boat, or from shore when fishing into a moving current.
In order to enhance the effectiveness of the hire, fish-attracting substances have been developed. These substances produce a scent that is attractive to fish. In general, fish-attracting substances are used by placing the substance on the lure itself. However, fish-attracting substances are often unpleasant for the fisherman to handle, and can foul fishing lines. In addition, fish-attracting substances need to be reapplied frequently to the lure. In addition, once a scent has been applied to a lure, using a new scent effectively can require using a different lure with the new scent, unless the scent previously applied to the lure has been worn off.


A method for producing high vertical resolution seismic images from crosswell data is disclosed. In accordance with one aspect of the disclosure, a set of vertically spaced, generally horizontally extending continuous layers and associated nodes are defined within a region between two boreholes. The specific number of nodes is selected such that the value of a particular characteristic of the subterranean region at each of the nodes is one which can be determined from the seismic data. Once values are established at the nodes, values of the particular characteristic are assigned to positions between the node points of each layer based on the values at node within that layer and without regard to the values at node points within any other layer. A seismic map is produced using the node values and the assigned values therebetween. In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, an approximate model of the region is established using direct arrival traveltime data. Thereafter, the approximate model is adjusted using reflected arrival data. In accordance with still another aspect of the disclosure, correction is provided for well deviation. An associated technique which provides improvements in ray tracing is also disclosed.

The present invention relates generally to crosswell seismic imaging and more particularly to a method for producing high vertical resolution tomograms in a crosswell imaging environment by utilizing a node/layer model of a subterranean region of ground.
In fields such as geophysics and geology, the knowledge of the subsurface structure of the ground is useful, for example, in the selection of potential well sites and in fault studies. In the past, a number of different seismic imaging or tomography methods have been implemented with the goal of rendering images which impart such knowledge of the subsurface geologic structure. One such method, which is commonly referred to as crosswell imaging also known as transmission tomography, will be described immediately hereinafter.
Turning immediately to FIG. 1, crosswell imaging is typically performed using a crosswell imaging system which is generally indicated by the reference numeral 10. In system 10, seismic energy 12 is transmitted through a subsurface region 14 of the ground using a source 16 which is positioned in a first borehole 18. In state of the art systems, source 16 typically transmits seismic energy 12 into region 14 in the form of a swept frequency signal (chirp) which covers a predetermined frequency range. Source 16 is selectively movable between a series of positions S.sub.1 through S.sub.N using a winch and cable arrangement 20 wherein source 16 is shown initially at S.sub.1, adjacent the surface of region 14, and is shown in phantom at SN, adjacent the bottom of borehole 18. In order to properly couple source 16 with the subsurface surrounding first borehole 18, source 16 is typically immersed in a liquid or mud (neither of which is shown) which is either present or introduced into borehole 18. It should be noted that the subsurface structure of the ground being imaged is not illustrated in the present figure for purposes of clarity.
Still referring to FIG. 1, seismic energy 12 passes through region 14 and is received by a receiver array 22 which is positioned within a second borehole 24. Like source 16, receiver array 22 is normally immersed in some medium (not shown) for coupling the seismic energy from the ground to the receiver array and, further, is selectively movable between positions R.sub.1 through R.sub.s using a winch and cable arrangement 26 wherein receiver array 22 is initially shown at R.sub.1, adjacent the surface of region 14 and is shown in phantom at R.sub.s, adjacent the bottom of borehole 24. It should be appreciated that the subterranean region of interest may comprise a zone (not shown for purposes of simplicity) which is at a known depth below the surface. In this case, the source and receiver array positions are adjusted accordingly such that the positions are spaced across the zone of interest rather than extending all the way to the surface. Receiver array 22 is made up of any suitable number of receivers such as, for example, five receivers 22a-e to record seismic energy 12 at five vertically spaced positions which are, of course, locationally dependent upon the overall position (one of R.sub.1 through R.sub.s) of the receiver array. It is noted that the first and second boreholes are illustrated as being perfectly vertically oriented for purposes of simplicity. Deviation of these boreholes from the perpendicular direction is typically referred to as well or borehole deviation. Inasmuch as borehole deviation is a concern with regard to portions of the remaining discussions, it will be addressed at appropriate points below.
During the operation of imaging system 10, a series of source scans is performed in each of which source 16 transmits seismic signal 12 in sequence from positions S.sub.1 through SN with receiver array 22 located at one of the positions selected from R.sub.1 through R.sub.S. In one method for completing the source scans, receiver array 22 is initially located at R.sub.1 during a first source scan. This first source scan begins with source 16 transmitting from S.sub.1 such that seismic signal 12 propagates through region 14 and is received at R.sub.1, as illustrated by raypaths 28a-e which are associated with each of receivers 22a-e. Raypaths are commonly used in the art as an expedient in describing the propagation of a wavefront through some medium wherein the raypath representation is perpendicular to the actual wavefront at any particular point therealong. For purposes of simplicity, raypaths illustrated in FIG. 1 are shown as being straight. However, it is recognized that specific subsurface structural features such as, for example, stratifications, often result in raypaths which are not straight and that energy propagated along any of these raypaths, whether straight or curved, is readily detected by receiver array 22. It is further recognized with regard to raypaths that seismic energy propagates along each raypath, as defined between source 16 and a respective receiver (one of 23a-e), at some average velocity which is dependent upon the structural features and velocity characteristics of the materials that are encountered along the overall length of the raypath. This average velocity is normally considered in terms of a "traveltime" which is associated with each raypath. Traveltimes are categorized in terms of particular characteristics of their associated seismic wave types. In the particular instance of seismic waves that travel from source to receiver without being reflected or converted to another wave type, traveltimes are referred to as direct arrival as contrasted with, for example, reflected (non-direct) arrival. One of skill in the art will recognize that direct and reflected arrival traveltimes may be individually separated from the overall seismic data record using known techniques.
Continuing to refer to FIG. 1 and as the scanning operation continues, source 16 is moved/scanned in the direction indicated by an arrow 27 to successive source positions up to and including S.sub.N such that data is recorded for each of positions S.sub.1 through S.sub.N with the receiver array located at R.sub.1. Next, receiver array 22 is moved in the direction indicated by an arrow 29 to position R.sub.2 (not shown) and source 16 is returned to position S.sub.1 at which time the source scan is repeated in the aforedescribed manner wherein seismic signal 12 is transmitted from each of positions S.sub.1 through S.sub.N so as to complete a second source scan corresponding to receiver position R.sub.2. The inception of the final source scan (performed with receiver array 22, shown in phantom, at Rs) is illustrated wherein source 16 initially transmits from S.sub.1 to R.sub.S. When compared with the S.sub.1 -R.sub.1 transmission, it is noted that the S.sub.1 -R.sub.S transmission produces raypaths 30a-e which, relative to the other raypaths, most closely approach a vertical direction through region 14. The significance of such "more vertically oriented" raypaths will be described in detail at an appropriate point below in conjunction with a discussion of characteristics of the seismic data record which are recognized by the present invention. For the moment, however, it is sufficient to note that the maximum vertical orientation of raypaths within region 14 is directly related to an aperture angle .alpha. which is defined, as illustrated, by the depth d of boreholes 18 and 24 in conjunction with a distance w by which the boreholes are separated. A final source scan is completed with the source/receiver positions Sn-Rn. It is noted that this operation may be performed in any number of different ways so long as measurements are obtained between each receiver position (within the overall receiver array) and each source position so as to produce a seismic data record which is representative of region 14.
The seismic data record, in and by itself, represents a relatively complex, rather large body of information. For example, a typical seismic data record may be obtained using two hundred different source transmission positions (S.sub.1 through S.sub.N, above) in combination with two hundred different receiver positions (i.e., forty different positions of receiver array 22) yielding forty thousand possible straight raypaths through the region of interest. Crosswell imaging contemplates the use of this data in a way which produces a seismic velocity map that is intended to represent the subsurface structure within the region of interest based on the principle that different material layer types exhibit different seismic velocities. More specifically, by measuring the time of arrival of the seismic energy along any given path (direct or indirect) and knowing the path length, the average velocity traveled by the seismic energy along its path can be determined. However, the usefulness of any particular velocity map is related to its resolution and accuracy. Moreover, any velocity map should preferably be readily correlated with other forms of seismic records which are in popular use such as, for example, sonic well logs. In the past, various approaches have been taken for using the seismic data record in attempting to produce such images. In each of these approaches, the region of interest must be mathematically modeled in such a way that the seismic data record may be applied to the model. Thus, the model, at least initially, forms the basis for the image which is produced by a respective approach to the problem.
Still referring to FIG. 1 and in one particular modeling approach, region 14 is divided into relatively small areas which are referred to as pixels 32. For purposes of clarity, only pixels within one portion of region 14 are illustrated. However, it is to be understood that pixels 32 cover the entirety of the region. Typically, each pixel 32 is square in form and is assumed to be homogeneous with regard to its seismic properties such as wave propagation velocity. Thus an equation may be expressed for any raypath through region 14 in the form: EQU t=d.sub.1 /v.sub.1 +d.sub.2 /v.sub.2 +. . . +d.sub.n /v.sub.n(1)
wherein t is the known direct arrival traveltime for a particular raypath which is obtained directly from the seismic data record, n represents the number of pixels which the raypath transverses, d.sub.1 through d.sub.n represent the incremental distances across the individual pixels along the raypath and v.sub.1 through v.sub.n represent the corresponding seismic velocity within each pixel along the ray path. It should be appreciated that the d.sub.1 through d.sub.n numerator values may readily be obtained since the pixel locations are known and since, for an assumed straight raypath between particular source and receiver positions, the endpoints of the raypath are known. However, it is appropriate to now mention that well deviation should be considered in determining raypath lengths, which influences t, so as to ensure accuracy of the formulated equation. Further discussion will be directed to the subject of well deviation where appropriate.
As a particular example of the development of a raypath equation, a raypath 34 is shown which extends from an exemplary source position S.sub.150 directly to receiver 23e with receiver array 22 located at position R.sub.1 such that distances d are defined within pixels 36 (d1), 38 (d2), 40 (d3), 42 (d4), 44 (d5), 46 (d6), etc. As noted values are readily obtained and the associated traveltime t is known leaving only v.sub.1 through V.sub.n as unknown values within equation 1. In this manner, a system of equations, each of which is in the form of equation 1, may be set up based on any number of known direct arrival traveltimes and associated raypaths. The system may then be solved to yield the pixel velocity values using known mathematical techniques. Using the pixel velocity values, a velocity map may then be produced. On the assumption that the obtained velocity values for this pixelated model are accurate, the geologist or geophysicist is presented with a powerful tool.
For reasons which will become evident, however, it is submitted that the pixelated model has not met the goal of providing high resolution accurate imaging. It is noted that, even though the aforedescribed procedure used in developing a pixel type velocity map, represents a somewhat simplified version of the actual procedure which is used in producing an initial velocity map, this description serves to clearly illustrate the reason for its particular weakness. More specifically, each pixel within region 14 represents an unknown velocity value. As described above, a typical seismic data record may contain, for example, approximately forty thousand direct arrival traveltimes. Unfortunately, a particular pixelated model may contain such a large number of pixels that the known direct arrival traveltimes are far outnumbered. Such a model results in an under determined system of equations for which more than one correct velocity solution exists yielding a relatively low resolution (inaccurate) image as compared, for example, with typical well log records.
Various techniques have been applied in an attempt to deal with this ambiguity of solutions and thereby improve resolution. For example, limitations have been placed on velocity values assigned to adjacent pixels. As another example, larger pixels have been used. These techniques, thus far, have yielded insufficient resolution improvements, producing tomograms which are considered to be of limited value by those of skill in the art. In fact, it is now believed by many of skill in the art that high resolution seismic tomography is an impractical expectation.
As a consequence, still further techniques have been developed in attempting to cope directly with the low resolution problem. For instance, the distribution of pixels has been changed such that areas of particular interest within a region are covered by a greater number of pixels than those areas which are not considered to be of interest. However, the goal of high resolution seismic tomography remains unattained using this technique, and other similar techniques, for reasons which are recognized by the present invention and which will be described hereinafter.
It is noted that models other than the pixelated type have been developed for use in describing subsurface structure. One such model was described by Harris (1994) in his paper entitled, "An approach to adaptive gridding for traveltime tomography" and employs a distribution of nodes throughout the region of interest. The subject paper introduces the concept of nodes, but offers no guidelines or "rules" as to how to place the nodes in order to extract optimum resolution.
The present invention solves the high resolution seismic tomography problem by using a highly advantageous model and associated method which have not been seen heretofore and which have been developed in recognition of the unique nature of seismic data records. Additionally, the present invention provides a heretofore unseen, simple and highly effective technique which compensates for borehole deviation.

High vertical resolution crosswell seismic imaging


The present application discloses a method, system and apparatus for storing a website private key plaintext. A specific implementation of the method includes: receiving a public key sent from a terminal configured to perform encryption and decryption, wherein the public key is generated at random by the terminal; encrypting a website private key plaintext by using the public key to generate a website private key ciphertext, wherein the website private key plaintext is pre-acquired; and sending the website private key ciphertext to the terminal, so that the terminal decrypts the website private key ciphertext by using the private key to generate the website private key plaintext and store the website private key plaintext in the terminal. This implementation improves the security of storage of the website private key plaintext.

Currently, to ensure the security of website visits, many Internet companies have launched side-wide secured Hypertext Transport Protocol Server (HTTPS) search, to convert a Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) request to an HTTPS by default. Before data is transmitted, the HTTPS needs to perform a handshake between a client (browser) and a server (website), and determine cryptographic information of encrypted data transmission between the client and server during the handshake process. Therefore, it is quite important to ensure the security of website private key certificates stored in website servers.
Currently, a website private key certificate is generally permanently stored as a file in a website server connected to the HTTPS. The website private key certificate may be stored after being encrypted by using certain encryption algorithms. However, even if the stored file can be encrypted, the website private key still exists in the plaintext form in the server at the HTTPS handshake stage. Once the website private key is acquired by an attacker, the user's privacy, passwords and properties will be seriously threatened.

Method, system and apparatus for storing website private key plaintext

BEIJING BAIDU NETCOM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.


A method for converting spherical or amorphous metal particles into lamellar flakes that promote improved adhesive and cohesive characteristics when incorporated into coating compositions. The metal flakes produced exhibit properties compatible with binder chemistries such as isocyanates, titanates, titanate hybrids and are suitable for use in conjunction with advanced top coating techniques, such as electrodeposition. The particles produced by the method may be used in coatings and may exhibit improved substrate adhesion and improved cohesion characteristics when used in conjunction with an electrodeposition top coat.

A conventional method for producing metal flakes involves the use of a ball mill in which starting metal particles are tumbled together to form metal flakes. One such method is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,469,282, which describes the production of metal flake in a wet mill grinding operation. Indeed, the primary commercial method with which metal flake is made employs a wet ball milling technique. This technique creates lamellar metal particles in an aqueous phase of, for example, an organic liquid. However the wet method requires use of specialized equipment to handle its volatile solvents and also creates a hazardous waste stream, which may lead to increased production costs.
On the other hand, metal flake can be produced using a dry method, wherein flakes are produced in air or gas and wherein the use of volatile solvents can be avoided. The dry method is time dependent, and particles are milled for an optimum time, as determined by one of skill in the art. According to U.S. Pat. No. 4,115,107, care must be taken that dry milling not continue for too long a period because continued pounding of the particles by the milling media may result in cold welding or irreversible agglomeration. The dry method has not been widely adopted.
Zinc particles are used in various types of coating compositions. Such particles exist in three forms: powder, dust and flake. Zinc in the form of a flake has significantly greater surface area and reactivity than dust or powder and therefore has attractive commercial applications. Zinc flake has been produced by various methods, and zinc-containing coating compositions are used to protect ferrous-containing surfaces, among others.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,389,105 describes a procedure for making flake metal powder for incorporation into metallic pigments in inks, paints and the like, i.e. in dispersion in a suitable film-forming vehicle to provide a protective or decorative surface-coating composition.
Zinc flakes may be mixed with a binder, initially in a liquid composition but subsequently in a solid composition after curing and/or drying. The binder creates a matrix that incorporates the particles in a coherent mass that is bonded to the surface of a substrate. For use in a paint, the zinc flakes and binder are initially mixed with a liquid paint vehicle, which serves to allow the mixing and applying of the paint to the substrate and thereafter dries and evaporates to leave a paint coating mixture of particles and binder adhered to the substrate.
The coating of surfaces, such as ferrous-containing surfaces, with zinc-containing coating compositions has several purposes. One purpose is for pure esthetics, but mainly zinc-containing coating compositions function to prevent rust and corrosion. Indeed, preventing or inhibiting rust and corrosion can save hundreds of millions of dollars annually for industrial and consumer users.
Whether used as a coating for a wrought iron deck railing at a residence or apartment building or for coating the metal surfaces of a bridge or similar structure, the extent to which corrosion and rusting is prevented can have a significant impact on the useful life of a structure. Thus, intra-coating cohesive properties, meaning those measuring the strength of the internal bond of the topcoat rather than the bond between the topcoat and the substrate, are important, as are the adhesive qualities of a coating applied to a substrate.
It is known to mix a small portion of metal flake as an additive with paint and other coating materials to prolong the life of a surface covered by the improved coating material. Moreover, lamellar particles enhance the pot life of liquid coatings by improving settling characteristics, and they also lengthen the service life of a dry film by increasing cathodic protection and by creating an improved barrier to environmental exposure. However, there is a need in the art for a milling process that will produce a metal flake additive having improved adhesive and cohesive performance characteristics and displaying the requisite characteristics to allow for inclusion in certain modern binder chemistries so that metal flakes may be used in conjunction with advanced modern top coating techniques.
The present disclosure provides a metal flake, and a method for production thereof, having improved adhesive and cohesive properties, which facilitate the production of coating compositions exhibiting improved adhesive and cohesive qualities. These and other advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent from the description set forth below.

Method for manufacture of lamellar metal particles


There are saved layout data which have parent cell information indicative of higher order cell data to directly refer to low order cell data (or basic element data), thereby defining a reverse hierarchical structure. More specifically, both of basic element data (figD1 and figD2) have cell data (cell2) as the parent cell information, all of basic element data (figD3 to figD5) have cell data (cell3) as the parent cell information, the cell data (cell3) have two identical cell data (cell2 and cell2) as the parent cell information, and the cell data (cell2) have three identical cell data (cell3, cell3 and cell3) as the parent cell information.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of saving layout data comprising a plurality of basic element data, each of which directly defines a graphic to be a layout pattern of a component of a semiconductor device and a plurality of cell data constructed by a hierarchical structure which can finally refer to the basic element data.
2. Description of the Background Art
Conventionally, data (layout data) having a layout of a circuit pattern of a large scale integrated circuit (LSI) has been saved in the form conforming to a GDS2STREAM format released from CALMA Co., Ltd. The GDS2STREAM format currently spreads widely in the world and has actually become a standard format. In a general applying method, therefore, data are converted into the GDS2STREAM format and are thus transferred to a software manufactured by other companies if necessary.
In the GDS2STREAM format, first of all, a top cell of the highest order hierarchy to be a starting point is specified and graphic data and another cell to which reference is to be made are specified in the top cell. Graphic data and another cell to which reference is to be made are also specified in a cell to which reference has been made. The reference relationship is recursively repeated until a cell (graphic data) in the lowest layer is reached. Accordingly, all data can be processed sequentially by following the hierarchical structure of the cell from the top cell of the highest hierarchy in order. Thus, the GDS2STREAM format has a feature that a whole file is constituted by describing the hierarchical structure.
FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example in which layout data are saved according to the conventional art. FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a tree structure of the layout data saved in the format illustrated in FIG. 18.
As shown in these drawings, the data present a hierarchical structure. FIG. 18 shows the following description by three cell data cell1 to cell3.
cell1{cell2, cell2, cell2}
cell2{figD1, figD2, cell3, cell3}
cell3{figD3, figD4, figD5}
It is assumed that figD1 to figD5 are graphic data. The graphic data are also referred to as "basic element data" and actually imply data on one square or one rectangle. For example, an oblong rectangle, a thin vertical rectangle and a small square are piled up so that a transistor can be formed. For respective attributes, the oblong rectangle acts as an active region, the thin vertical rectangle acts as a gate and the small square acts as a contact hole for a source, a gate and a drain. Thus, the basic element data (graphic data) define a graphic to be a layout pattern of a component of a semiconductor device.
In the cell data cell1 of the highest order hierarchy according to the example, reference is made to the lower order cell data cell2 three times. Therefore, the figD1 and figD2 included in the cell2 are used three times. For the cell2, furthermore, reference is made to the lower order cell data cell3 twice. Therefore, the figD3 to figD5 included in the cell3 are used as the cell1 six times. If the data of the cell1 are expanded flatly (into only graphic data), the following flat data can be obtained.
{figD1, figD2, figD3, figD4, figD5, figD3, figD4, figD5, figD1, figD2, figD3, figD4, figD5, figD3, figD4, figD5, figD1, figD2, figD3, figD4, figD5, figD3, figD4, figD5}
Thus, the same graphic data are repetitively described many times. The GDS2STREAM format utilizes the hierarchical structure and therefore has a more compact data structure correspondingly as compared with the example of the flat expansion. This tendency is more remarkable when the same format is used as layout data of an LSI handling large scale data.
Thus, the data format having the hierarchical structure is very efficient because it simply changes the contents of reference of a cell when a work for repetitively using a certain basic graphic or moving and copying a comparatively large data volume is often generated.
In layout data using an ordinary hierarchical structure represented by the GDS2STREAM format, a low order cell and graphic data to which reference is made (which will be hereinafter referred to as a "child cell") are specified in a cell as described above. To the contrary, however, a high order cell to which reference is made (which will be hereinafter referred to as a "parent cell") is not specified in the cell. More specifically, cell data from a high order to a low order are specified to implement the hierarchical structure.
In order to check a range in which higher order cells are influenced when an inner part of a certain cell is corrected, therefore, it is necessary to expand and check data by reversely following all the hierarchical structures one by one. For the use in which a mutual positional relationship between graphics included in separate cells is taken into consideration, moreover, it is necessary to once expand a hierarchical structure to form a flat data structure. For this reason, a processing efficiency is reduced as compared with that in flat data originally having no hierarchical structure. The layout data volume of an LSI becomes enormous. Therefore, there is a problem in that a capacity of a storage device such as a disk or a memory is exceeded and a normal processing cannot be carried out when the hierarchical structure is to be expanded to generate flat data.
In order to eliminate such a drawback, it is necessary to have special know-how, or example, to take note of the reference relationship between cells in a layout data design stage or to take care that the cells do not overlap with adjacent cells.

Layout data saving method, layout data converting device and graphic verifying device


A fixture and method for assembling axial entry buckets with complex geometry to a rotor wheel is provided. The fixture features an inner and an outer split ring shaft clamp, which is bolted together around the rotor wheel packing diameter and provides a mounting base. The transfer ring mounts around and abutting the rotor wheel. The transfer ring includes a circumferential slot to accept bucket-holders. The bucket holders loaded with turbine buckets, inserted onto the transfer ring and moved circumferentially around the transfer ring to align the turbine buckets to slots on the rotor wheel. Pressure is applied to spiral the buckets from the bucket-holders into final position in slots on the rotor wheel.

The invention relates generally to turbomachines and more specifically to a fixture and a method for mounting articulated turbine buckets in axial entry slots of rotor wheels of the turbomachines.
Rotors for turbomachines are often machined from large forgings. Rotor wheels cut from the forgings are often slotted to accept the roots of turbomachine buckets for mounting. As the demand for greater turbomachine output and more efficient turbomachine performance continues to increase, larger and more articulated turbomachine buckets are being placed into service.
The foregoing factors are of particular importance in relation to last-stage steam turbine buckets having improved aerodynamic, thermodynamic and mechanical properties. Last-stage buckets for turbines have for some time been the subject of substantial developmental work. It is highly desirable to optimize the performance of these last-stage buckets to reduce aerodynamic losses and to improve the thermodynamic performance of the turbine. Last-stage buckets are exposed to a wide range of flows, loads and strong dynamic forces. Factors that affect the final bucket profile design include the active length of the bucket, the pitch diameter and the high operating speed in both supersonic and subsonic flow regions. Damping and bucket fatigue are factors which must also be considered in the mechanical design of the bucket and its profile. These mechanical and dynamic response properties of the buckets, as well as others, such as aero-thermodynamic properties or material selection, all influence the optimum bucket profile. The last-stage steam turbine buckets require, therefore, a precisely defined bucket profile for optimal performance with minimal losses over a wide operating range. The bucket may often include a complex blade geometry with overhang.
Adjacent turbine buckets on a rotor wheel are typically connected together by some form of cover bands or shroud bands around the periphery to confine the working fluid within a well-defined path and to increase the rigidity of the buckets. The interlocking shrouds may often present interferences in assembling buckets on the rotor wheel. Inner platforms for the buckets may include tied-in edges, which also may interfere with assembly on the rotor wheel.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide equipment and methods for facilitating loading of articulated buckets onto rotor wheels for turbomachines.

Fixture for mounting articulated turbine buckets


A device for energy storage and energy transformation is described, in particular an ignition coil of an ignition system of a motor vehicle, having a magnetically active I core, which is surrounded by a first coil former having a winding connected to a supply voltage, and a second coil former having a winding connected to a high-voltage terminal, and having a peripheral core forming a magnetic circuit with the I core and enclosing the system made up of the first and second coil formers. In its circumferential extension, the peripheral core has a recess to accommodate an end area of the I core.

Devices for energy storage and energy transformation are known in the practice in particular as ignition coils, which represent an energy-transmitting high-voltage source and in engines operating according to the spark ignition principle, are used to activate a spark plug, which in turn ignites the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. In such an energy storage device and transformer embodied as an ignition coil, comparatively low supply voltage electrical energy, normally from a direct current vehicle electrical system, is converted into high-voltage electrical energy at a desired point in time at which an ignition pulse is to be delivered to the spark plug.
To convert electrical energy into magnetic energy, the system current of the motor vehicle flows through a first coil, which is customarily a copper wire winding, as a result of which a magnetic field forms around this coil, the magnetic field having a specific direction and being a closed-line magnetic field. To deliver the stored electrical energy in the form of high-voltage pulses, the previously built-up magnetic field is forced to change its direction by cutting off the electric current, causing an electrical high voltage to be formed in a second coil, which is located physically close to the first coil and has a much higher number of turns. The conversion of the now electrical energy at the spark plug causes the previously built-up magnetic field to break down and the ignition coil to discharge. The design of the second winding makes it possible to set high voltage, spark current and spark duration in the ignition of the internal combustion engine as needed.
Extremely varied designs of ignition coils are known from the related art, which are adapted to the particular use. It is thus possible to design the ignition coil as a pencil coil, for example, as is known from German Patent No. 197 02 438, for example, the length of the coil in this case being large compared to its diameter. Likewise, however, the ignition coil may also be in the form of a compact ignition coil, the length of which essentially corresponds to its width.
All ignition coils have an I core made of a ferromagnetic material such as iron, for example. The I core is thus a rod-shaped or rectangular iron core, the cross-section of which may be made up of lamellae of soft iron sheet, as described, for example in German Patent No. 32 43 432.
In the known related art, the placement of the coils and of the I core is subject to great variation; however, the coils are usually superposed radially and are positioned concentrically to the I core.
It is also customary in practice to provide, in addition to an I core of this type, a peripheral core made of ferromagnetic material, which surrounds the longitudinal extent of the coils and is also described as an "O core" or "ferromagnetic circuit." In order to reduce losses when building up and breaking down the magnetic field, this peripheral core is also normally a combination of layered iron lamellae.
In order to be able to install the windings or coils, the I core and the peripheral core of a ferromagnetic circuit may not be of one piece but instead must be assembled from different component parts. A typical configuration is the construction of an I core and an O core forming a closed O, the I core together with the windings surrounding it being inserted into the interior of the O core at the time the ignition coil is assembled so that the lamella stacks of the cores lie in one plane when installed.
In order to influence the magnetic field in a specific way, the ferromagnetic circuit is normally interrupted by spaces or air gaps, this being referred to as a "magnetic shear." A permanent magnet may also be located in such a space, making a further increase in the magnetic energy possible under specific conditions. The system of such air gaps and permanent magnets is preferably located at the joints between the I core and the O core.
A problem with the known devices for energy storage and energy transformation designed as ignition coils is that assembly gaps which are based on the manufacturing tolerances and the insertion play for inserting the I core into the O core must be maintained in the design of the magnetically active core elements. These gaps may be incompatible with the gap dimensions desired based on energy considerations.
Thus, for example, when a permanent magnet is positioned at one end area of the I core between the I core and the O core, no air gap is desired between the permanent magnet and the O core. The air gap that must be provided for manufacturing reasons must be compensated by appropriate measures or derivative actions, which are reflected in the overall dimensions and ultimately in additional costs as well.
It is therefore the object of the present invention to create a device for energy storage and energy transformation, in particular an ignition coil of an ignition system of a motor vehicle, having a magnetically active I core and a peripheral core surrounding a coil system, which in conjunction with the I core produces a magnetic circuit, it being possible to implement the transition between the I core and the peripheral core to be gap-free or having a gap size selected according to energy-related considerations.

Device for energy storage and energy transformation


The present invention relates to antibodies with specificity for FGFR1. More particularly, the invention relates to monoclonal antibodies that bind specifically to and neutralize human, macaque and mouse forms of FGFR1 with high affinity. The invention also relates to nucleic acids encoding said antibodies, vectors for expression of these nucleic acids, and host cells for producing said antibodies. Further, the invention relates to the use of said antibodies in the diagnosis and/or treatment of cancers.

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) (Beenken et al.) are a family of heparin-binding proteins (23 members for the time being) modulating the function of various cells. They are involved in many physiological processes, such as morphogenesis during development and angiogenesis, having effect on the proliferation, migration and differentiation of various types of cells including tumor and endothelial cells (Fernig and Gallagher 1994, Eswarakumar et al. 2005). They play an important role in a number of pathological processes.
There are four main types of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) having common structural features: FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. They all have an extracellular ligand-binding domain containing 3 Ig-like domains (D1 to D3; they thus belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily) and unique trans-membrane and cytoplasmic regions. They also have a so-called "acid box" between Ig domains D1 and D2, which apparently works as a modulator of the FGF binding. Each one of the receptors can be bound by several FGFs (Ornitz et al. 1996).
FGFR1 has been involved in diseases such as cancers and arthritis. FGFR1 gene amplification has been associated with various cancers, such as non-small cells lung cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, and oesophageal cancer, glioblastoma, head and neck tumors, or osteosarcoma (Katoh and Nakagama 2014, Touat et al. 2015). FGFR1 has several alternative splicing forms, the most common ones are: 1) two differing in the domain D3: they are named FGFR1-IIIb and FGFR1-IIIc (Johnson and Williams 1993) and 2) two differing in the presence or absence of the D1 domain: they are named FGFR1a and FGFR1b. The former substitutions constitute what is believed to be part of the binding domain of the receptor, and therefore are most likely to cause the two splicing forms to have distinct ligand specificities and thus to have different effects on the FGF/FGFR pathway. The two forms have also been shown to be differentially expressed, which may be part of an exquisite control mechanism of complex functions mediated by FGFR1.
From these findings, FGFR1 has been an attractive target for cancer therapy or other conditions such as obesity or diabetes (Jiao et al. 2011, Wu et al. 2011). In the past few years, several documents describing specific antibodies targeting FGFRs and their therapeutical uses have been published. Among them, WO2005037235 discloses antibodies which are specific for FGFR1-IIIb, FGFR1-IIIc, and/or FGFR4. These antibodies were described as antagonizing and neutralizing FGFR1 and/or FGFR4IIIc as a treatment for obesity or diabetes, for instance. Another example is WO2012108782, which relates to monoclonal antibodies targeting specifically domains D2 and D3 of FGFR1, as well as their use for inhibiting tumor growth.
Depending on the effect that is expected, antibodies having agonist effect can be of interest. Some of them have been disclosed in WO2012158704 for instance. Alternatively, antibodies targeting two different domains of FGFR1 can be interesting, such as the one disclosed in WO2011000384. Blocking the FGF/FGFR1 pathway using antagonist neutralizing the receptor by binding only with specific domains of the receptor (such as D2 and D3-IIIb and -IIIc) should result in the inhibition or slow-down of tumor growth. However, although different antibodies to FGFR1 and the like have already been reported, no effective anti-cancer drug targeting FGFR1 has reached the market yet. Considering the major impact of cancers on public health, there remains a need for further FGFR1 antagonists, such as antibodies, useful as drugs. The present invention provides such antagonists of the FGF/FGFR1 pathway which will be able to treat diseases related to excessive proliferation and neovascularization. In particular, there is a need for novel molecules that could be useful as medicaments notably for treating cancers such as Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC), head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), malignant pleural mesothelioma, osteosarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, glioblastoma, metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), breast cancer or hepatic cancer.


An image-forming apparatus comprising a fuser assembly including a heating roller and a pressure roller for fixing a non-fixed image on paper, a duct located in the vicinity of the fuser assembly in parallel to an axis line of the heating roller, an exhaust outlet located on a first side wall of the duct at the fuser assembly side, wherein the exhaust outlet is provided to connect the fuser assembly and the duct, and a plane filter detachably attached to an inside wall of the duct in parallel to the inside wall.

The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus based on an electrographic process.
Regarding image forming apparatuses based on the electrographic process, it is known that several types of chemical substances are released from the image forming apparatus when images are formed. Examples among the released chemical substances are such as ozone which is generated when the photoreceptor drum is charged and toner dusts which are generated when images are developed or fixed. In the past, for example, filters are installed to prevent such generated chemical substances from being released outside the image forming apparatus.
For example, in JP-A-2009-282455, an electric field generating and collecting component generates an electric field in the air of the exhaust air duct, which is located over the fuser assembly in the volatile chemical substance collecting apparatus of an electronic device. VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) in the air is drawn to the surface of the electric field generating and collecting component and is collected by effect of the electric field.
In JP-A-2011-180235, an image forming apparatus includes a duct which is located near the fuser apparatus, and the duct has a collecting hole for collecting particulates generated by the heating roller in fuser apparatus. An exhaust fan, which causes an air current from the collecting hole to an outlet, is provided in an expanded portion of the duct, and a first filter is provided in the upstream of the exhaust fan. The first filter collects ultrafine particles (e.g. siloxane) generated by a rubber layer, which constitutes the fuser apparatus. A shutter is provided to fill a gap between the first filter and the expanded portion, and a control part of the image forming apparatus switches between a state that the shutter covers the first filter and another state that the shutter does not cover the first filter according to a predetermined initial burst conditions.
Furthermore, in JP-A-2011-180283, a deodorization apparatus of a complex image forming apparatus includes plural gas passages, located at a bottom of housing, through which the gas flows into the housing. Each gas passage is tubular-shaped and an inside diameter of the upper part of housing is smaller than an inside diameter of the bottom of housing, and an ozone decomposing filter, which includes catalytic decomposing of ozone, is provided at a surface of the inside diameter of the tubular shape. A waste liquid absorber is provided at the inside bottom of the housing, a deodorizing absorber is provided at the upper lid in the housing, and an exhaust outlet for the gas which passes between the waste liquid absorber and the deodorizing absorber is provided on a side surface of the housing.
A recently growing concern is that the image forming apparatus based on the electrographic process generates particles (e.g. UFP (Ultrafine Particle) each having a diameter of less than 100 nm, which are different from ozone and the like, as the worldwide environmental conservation awareness grows.
However, for example, if the volatile chemical substance collecting apparatus of an electronic device, which draws VOC to the surface of the electric field generating and collecting component and collects it as shown in JP-A-2009-282456, is added as a structure for collecting UFP, it becomes a complex structure.
And if the first filter which is capable of collecting particles is provided in the upstream of the exhaust fan in the image forming apparatus and exhaust air passes through the first filter as shown in JP-A-2009-282456, it decreases the exhaust efficiency and increase the temperature in the housing because the first filter increases resistance when the air flows. Therefore, an output of the exhaust fan has to be increased, which leads to a concern that it generates noise and increases its running cost.
Furthermore, if a plurality of dedicated deodorization apparatuses are provided like the complex image forming apparatus shown in JP-A-2011-180283 (e.g. two deodorization apparatuses are described in JP-A-2011-180283), the structure becomes complex and the cost of the apparatus increases.

Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd.