A mounting structure of a fender side cover, which is mounted between fenders disposed on both sides of a vehicle, a car body, and a hood hinge may include a hinge pin extending in a vehicle width direction on a side portion of the hood hinge, a rear mounting portion formed at a rear of the fender side cover and mounting the fender side cover to the hinge pin so as to be rotationally and laterally movable, and a front mounting portion formed on a front side of the fender side cover and inserted into a fender through-hole formed in the fender to couple the fender side cover to the fender, in which the fender side cover is mounted on the fender regardless of the type of the hood hinge and is moved along with the fender.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mounting structure of a fender side cover mounted between fenders disposed on both sides of a vehicle and a car body, and more particularly, to a mounting structure of a fender side cover which includes a rear mounting portion configured to mount the fender side cover to a hinge pin in a rotationally and laterally movable manner, a front mounting portion inserted into a fender through-hole to couple the fender side cover to the fenders, and a mounting portion inserted into a car body through-hole to mount the fender side cover to the car body, and is mounted regardless of the type of a hood hinge to be able to absorb the assembling variation of the fender.
2. Description of Related Art
Generally, the vehicle is roughly constituted by a car body and a chassis, the chassis is a portion equipped with minimum mechanical devices that are necessary for the vehicle to run, and the car body is a portion forming an external form of the vehicle and is divided into an interior providing a boarding room of a passenger, an engine room equipped with an engine, and a trunk compartment capable of storing and transporting luggage.
When generally examining the external form of the vehicle, bumpers for protecting the car body are installed on the front and the rear of the vehicle, and fenders constituting the side surfaces of the vehicle are installed over tires of both side portions of the bumpers.
The fender refers to a mudguard that covers the tires of the vehicle, and is a component which forms the external form of the vehicle and serves to prevent foreign matters such as soil adhering to the tires from penetrating into the car body by the rotation of the tires.
Such a fender is divided into a front fender that wraps front tires installed on the front of the vehicle, and a rear fender that wraps rear tires installed on the rear of the vehicle, and among them, the present invention mainly relates to the front fender forming the external form of the front of the vehicle together with the hood, and this is simply referred to as a fender.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, fender aprons 3 for supporting force transmitted from a suspension are disposed on the left and right sides based on an engine room 4 of a vehicle, and a fender 1 wrapping the outer portion of the tire is coupled to the top of the fender apron 3 via a fender side cover 2.
The fender side cover 2 serves to connect the fender 1 and the fender apron 3 and to cover a gap between the fender 1 and the fender apron 3, and is generally fixed to the fender 1 and follows the assembling variation of the fender 1.
However, unlike the vehicle model having the mounting structure of the fender side cover shown in FIG. 2, in the case of a vehicle model in which a long flange 1′ is not formed in the fender 1, that is, a vehicle model in which there is no room for the flange 1′ of the fender 1, since the fender side cover 2 cannot sufficiently come into contact with the fender 1, there is a problem in that it is not possible to mount the fender side cover by the conventional mounting structure of the fender side cover.
Thus, there have been increased requests for a new mounting structure of a fender side cover which couples the fender side cover not only to the car body and the fender including the fender apron but also to the hood hinge so as to be able to mount the fender side cover regardless of the flange margin of the fender.
The hood hinge is a component that is coupled to both sides of the hood to allow the hood to rotationally move, and is roughly divided into a pedestrian protection type hood hinge equipped with an actuator for a pedestrian protection correspondence, and a general type hood hinge having no structure for pedestrian protection correspondence.
However, since the conventional mounting structure of the fender side cover cannot cope with both two types of hood hinges, it needs to be separately formed depending on the hood hinge type, and thus there are problems in that the assembling process becomes complicated, and the production costs and the assembly time increase.
The information disclosed in this Background of the Invention section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.


A computing device receives first data on which to train an artificial neural network (ANN). Using magnetic random access memory (MRAM), the computing device trains the ANN by performing a first set of training iterations on the first data. Each of the first set of iterations includes writing values for a set of weights of the ANN to the MRAM using first write parameters corresponding to a first write error rate. After performing the first set of iterations, the computing device performs a second set of training iterations on the first data. Each of the second set of iterations includes writing values for the set of weights of the ANN to the MRAM using second write parameters corresponding to a second write error rate. The second write error rate is lower than the first write error rate. The computing device stores values for the trained ANN.

Modern artificial neural networks (ANNs) train on massive amounts of data to optimize their internal parameters—e.g., their weights and biases—before they can be deployed. The optimization process (i.e., training) involves a large number of iterations (i.e., epochs) through the training data. The training requires a large amount of energy usage due to a large amount of data transfer (of training data) to and from the chip and energy leakage of the on-chip memory. A related issue is the large footprint of SRAM, which limits the available on-chip memory thereby increasing the need for data transfers.

System and method for training artificial neural networks

Integrated Silicon Solution, (Cayman) Inc.


The present invention relates to a cam mechanism for a lens barrel wherein the mechanism is provided with a cam ring and a movable annular member. The cam ring is typically provided with a plural number of cam grooves formed in a predetermined cam profile in the same shape, in the same positions, and in the circumferential direction, but in respective positions differentiated in the optical axis direction. The movable annular member is set in engagement with the cam ring and has a plural number of cam pins installed thereon. The cam pins are fitted into the cam grooves of the cam ring so as to permit the movable annular member to, move freely in the optical axial direction, without being liable to any slanting thereof, in its rotation centering around the optical axis.

The present invention relates to a cam mechanism for a lens barrel and more particularly to a cam mechanism for a lens barrel, wherein the cam mechanism prevents the slant of a movable annular member set in a cam ring.
Generally, a lens barrel is provided with various types of cam mechanisms for such purposes as zooming and focusing. This cam mechanism basically includes a cam ring with a cam groove formed therein, and a movable annular member (for example, a lens frame) set inside the inner circumference or outer circumference of this cam ring in such a manner as to permit its free rotating movement. The cam mechanism further includes a cam pin fitted into the cam groove formed in the cam ring. In a conventional lens barrel, which is constructed in this manner, the movable annular member will be moved in accordance with the profile of the cam groove, for example, by the rotation of the cam ring.
In this regard, it is preferable to achieve a maximum restraint possible on the slant (i.e. displacement of the axial line) of the movable annular member in relation to the cam ring in this cam mechanism. However, between this cam ring and the movable annular member, there is a relationship of fit provided in order to permit a relative movement between the cam groove and the cam pin, with a gap necessarily formed between these two. Thus, it has been found that the conventional cam mechanism for a lens barrel has the disadvantage that the movable annular member is liable to slant in a particular direction in relation to the cam ring because of the presence of such a gap.
With reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a description will be given below in respect to the direction in which the slant, mentioned above, occurs and the reason for its occurrence in the cam mechanism in the conventional construction.
As shown in FIG. 1, a movable annular member 12 is fitted into the inside of the inner circumference of a cam ring in such a manner as to permit its free rotating motion in the same axial line as that of the rotating motion of the cam ring 11. Also, the cam ring 11 has a cam groove 13 formed in each of two locations opposite to each other in the radius direction in the state of its penetration in the thickness direction, as illustrated in FIG. 2. In the meanwhile, cam pins 14, which are to be set respectively in the cam grooves 13, are set in the surface on the outer circumference of the movable annular member 12.
In this conventional construction, a segment Q, of a line connecting the centers of the pair of cam pins 14, is defined as the axial line of rotation crossing the optical axis O at right angles. It is thereby made possible for the movable annular member 12 to be moved, in its rotation centering around this axial line Q of rotation, in relation to the cam ring 11, in correspondence to a clearance c, delimited by the inner circumferential surface of the cam ring 11 and the outer circumferential surface of the movable annular member 12. In consequence of this construction, it is likely that the movable annular member 12 will have a slant more predominantly in the thickness direction of this clearance c. As compared with this, the slant, which occurs in the front group lens frame (not illustrated in the drawings) as the result of its rotation centering around the axis R crossing the axial line Q of rotation at right angles, will not be so much as the slant caused by its rotation centering around the axial line Q of rotation, because the relationship of fit between the cam groove 13 and the cam pin 14 restrains the slant in this case.
Such a slant of the movable annular member has not caused previous problems in a construction wherein the cam ring 11 and the movable annular member 12 respectively, are made of metal material that delivers a high degree of fitting accuracy. However, there has recently been a tendency to use a variety of resin-made annular members, including the cam ring 11 for a lens barrel, due to a reduction of weight and/or a reduction of costs. Such annular members, made of resin, are inferior in fitting accuracy as compared with annular members made of metal material. Hence, a slant of an annular member like the one described above, has come to present a more notable problem. Thus, it is currently desired to resolve this problem.
Moreover, such a slant of the movable annular member 12 for the cam mechanism is in the worst condition when the cam grooves 13 and the cam pins 14 are respectively provided at an interval of 180.degree., but this may also occur under other conditions.


A healthcare risk index is generated using a patient or individual's pharmacy claims. The index may be used to explain and predict variation in pharmacy-related costs and variation in total healthcare costs or utilization. In particular, the index is generated by first examining the individual's pharmacy claims to identify any chronic conditions possessed by the individual. Similarly, the individual's pharmacy claims are examined to identify any compliance medications prescribed to the individual. The chronic condition information is used to generate a chronic condition score by summing regression coefficients for each chronic condition possessed by the individual. Likewise, the compliance medication information is used to generate a compliance medication score by summing products of regression coefficients for each compliance medication prescribed to the individual with associated medication supply weights. From there, a modified chronic condition score is generated by multiplying the chronic condition score by an overall chronic condition regression coefficient. The modified chronic condition score may then be further modified by subtracting a no-claims weight from the chronic condition score in cases where the individual has no pharmacy claims. Finally, the risk index may be determined by summing the modified chronic condition score and the compliance medication score.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to computer-related and/or assisted systems, methods, and computer program devices for facilitating efficient and effective healthcare management programs. More particularly, the present invention relates to techniques for generating a risk index which may be used for clinical case identification, such as e.g., disease management programs, to explain and predict variation in pharmacy-related costs, and to explain and predict variation in total healthcare costs or utilization.
2. Description of the Related Art
A major economic problem that has surfaced during the past twenty years has been the upward spiraling cost of medical care. Demographic factors have played one role in this increased cost since extended life expectancies increase the percentage of older individuals in the population. Generally, such individuals require a much higher degree of medical care.
A second major factor contributing to increased costs for medical care has been the advent of many new, expensive, medical procedures which have sprung from medical and instrumentation advances of the past ten years. More widely known examples are organ transplants and the use of CAT scanners or MRI units for routine diagnosis.
An additional factor resulting in these increased costs has been the increased rate of inflation, which has dramatically influenced the costs for drugs. Due to all of the above, as well as other factors, the cost of even routine medical care has increased dramatically.
Correspondingly, increasing numbers of healthcare studies have been commissioned with the stated goal of optimizing healthcare services and expenditures. For instance, numerous methods and techniques have been proposed, which attempt to increase healthcare efficiency by predicting healthcare costs.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,667,292, issued to Mohlenbrock, et al., in 1987, and incorporated herein by reference, discloses a medical reimbursement computer system which generates a list identifying the most appropriate diagnostic-related group (DRG) and related categories applicable to a given patient for inpatient claims (see, e.g., STEPS 33-65 of Prior Art FIG. 11). The list is limited by a combination of the characteristics of the patient and an initial principal diagnosis. A physician can choose a new designation from a list of related categories while the patient is still being treated. Manually determined ICD-9 numbers can then be applied to an available grouper computer program to compare the working DRG to the government's DRG. This information may be used in conjunction with predicting healthcare costs.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,018,067, also issued to Mohlenbrock, et al., in 1991, and incorporated herein by reference, discloses an apparatus and method for improved estimation of healthcare resource consumption through the use of diagnostic and/or procedure-grouping and severity of illness indicators. This system is a computer-implemented program that calculates the amount of payment to a health provider by extracting the same input data as that identified in the Mohlenbrock '292 Patent (which discloses the DRG System). The system calculates the severity of the patient's illness then classifies each patient into sub-categories of resource consumption within a designated DRG. A computer combines the input data according to a formula consisting of constants and variables. The variables are known for each patient and relate to the number of ICD codes and the government weighing of the codes. The software program determines a set of constants for use in the formula for a given DRG which minimizes variances between the actual known outcomes and those estimated by use of the formula. Because it is based upon various levels of illness severity within each diagnosis, the results of this system provide a much more homogenous grouping of patients than is provided by the DRGs. Providers can be compared to identify those providers whose practice patterns are of the highest quality and most cost efficient. A set of actual costs incurred can be compared with the estimated costs. After the initial diagnosis, the system determines the expected costs of treating a patient.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,325,293 to Dorne, issued in 1994, and incorporated herein by reference, discloses a system and method for correlating medical procedures and medical billing codes. After an examination, the system automatically determines raw codes directly associated with all of the medical procedures performed or planned to be performed with a particular patient. The system allows the physician to modify the procedures after performing the examination. By manipulating the raw codes, the system generates intermediate and billing codes without altering the raw codes.
While useful in their own ways, the techniques disclosed in the above-described prior art references, however, fail to meet all of the needs of today's healthcare community. For example, it has been determined by the inventors of the present invention that each of the techniques described above fail to consider the predictive nature of pharmacy claims-based data (e.g., the ability to predict and explain variation in costs using claims data). As a result, the prior art methods fail to address situations where patients refill prescriptions without visiting a physician's office (e.g., where patients refill prescriptions based on a number of refills given with an initial prescription).
Thus, none of the techniques described above, make use of pharmacy claims data to predict, e.g., healthcare costs. More particularly, it has been determined by the inventors of the present invention that these and other prior art techniques fail to consider the predictive qualities possessed by a patient's pharmacy claims. Furthermore, these and other prior art techniques fail to consider the predictive nature of a patient's compliance with specific pharmaceuticals.
What is therefore needed is a technique that predicts risk based on chronic conditions possessed by an individual patient as determined according to the individual's pharmacy claims information.
Furthermore, it has been determined by the inventors of the present invention that a need also exists for a technique that predicts risk based on an individual patient's compliance with instructions provided on those medications.

Computer system and method for generating healthcare risk indices using medication compliance information


A tube bundle device such as a heat exchanger or condenser which has parallel tubes in a triangular configuration in which tubes are adjacent and spaced from six surrounding tubes. The tubes in the tube bundle have wire spacer/support elements comprising helically wound material which surrounds at least a portion of the length of each of the tubes; each tube with a spacer/support coil being in contact only with tubes which do not have a spacer/support coil and each tube without a spacer/support coil is in contact only with tubes which have a spacer/support coil.

Heat exchangers were developed many decades ago and they continue to be extremely useful in many applications requiring heat transfer. While many improvements to the basic design have been made, there still exist tradeoffs and design problems associated with the inclusion of heat exchangers within commercial processes.
One of the problems associated with the use of heat exchangers is the tendency toward fouling. Fouling refers to the formation of various deposits and coatings on the surfaces of heat exchangers as a result of process fluid flow and heat transfer. There are various types of fouling including corrosion, mineral deposits, polymerization, crystallization, coking, sedimentation and biological. In the case of corrosion, the surfaces of the heat exchanger can become corroded as a result of the interaction between the process fluids and the materials used in the construction of the heat exchanger. The situation is made even worse due to the fact that various fouling types can interact with each other to cause even more fouling. Fouling can and does result in additional resistance with respect to the heat transfer and thus decreased
heat transfer performance. Fouling may also cause an increased pressure drop in connection with the fluid flowing on the inside of the exchanger.
One type of heat exchanger which is commonly used in commercial equipment is the shell-and-tube exchanger in which one fluid flows on the inside of the tubes, while the other fluid is forced through the shell and over the outside of the tubes. Typically, baffles are placed to support the tubes and to force the fluid across the tube bundle in a desirable manner.
Fouling can be decreased by the use of higher fluid velocities. In fact, one study has shown that a reduction in fouling in excess of 50% can result from a doubling of fluid velocity. While the use of higher fluid velocities can substantially decrease or even eliminate the fouling problem, higher fluid velocities are unfortunately, generally unattainable on the shell side of conventional shell-and-tube heat exchangers because of excessive pressure drops which are created within the system by baffles. Another problem that often arises in connection with the use of heat exchangers is tube vibration damage. Tube vibration is most intense and damage is most likely to occur in cross flow implementations where fluid flow is perpendicular to the tubes, although tube vibration damage can also occur in non-crossflow (i.e. axial) implementations with high fluid velocities.
Many heat exchangers in use today contain baffles. Baffles are interposed in the fluid path in order to provide support for the tubes and to ensure that the fluid on the outside the tubes flows in the desired direction with respect to the tubes. Unfortunately, however, baffles may increase fouling because of the dead zones they create on the shell side of the exchanger where flow is minimal or even non-existent. A further problem encountered in heat exchangers fitted with baffles is that cross flow may result in potential damage to the tubes as a result of flow-induced vibration. In the case of such damage, processes must often be interrupted or shut down in order to repair the device.
Different types of baffles are conventionally used. One type, segmental baffles, is unacceptable for the low-fouling heat exchangers described in our co-pending application because they produce many zones either with low velocity flow or even no flow at all increasing the probability of fouling. Other types (multiple styles including rods, strips, twisted-tubes) may create longitudinal flow in the central area of the exchanger but these technologies lack the inherent strength and flexibility of configuration of the coiled tube supports shown in application Ser. No. 10/209,126 to allow high velocities on the shellside of the exchanger. The present invention is a development of the coiled tube support system which is directly applicable to the triangular tube configuration and which, moreover, allows the design of more compact and less expensive exchangers.
The tube support system with coiled tube supports, described in application Ser. No. 10/209,126, is mostly suitable for the inline tube arrangement although, as described in the application, it may also be used with the triangular tube configuration. In application Ser. No. 10/209,126, the support structure uses spacer coils, which surround each tube in the bundle. For example, with the triangular tube configuration, the coils surround all the tubes in the bundle with coils on adjacent tubes being wrapped in opposite directions (clockwise and counterclockwise) so that they overlap in the inter-tube region and can be welded together to form an integrated, unitary structure.
The shell-and-tube heat exchanger of the present invention employs helically coiled wires to form a spacing and support structure for the tubes arranged in the triangular configuration within the heat exchanger shell. The wire of the coil, which is wound around alternate tubes in the bundle, has a radial thickness (diameter for a circular wire) substantially equal to the space between the heat exchanger tubes. The exchanger, in addition to the coil-encased tubes preferably uses sealing devices of particular configurations to achieve the desired flow patterns. With exchangers of this construction, the potential for dead zones is reduced and the high velocity axial flow that results substantially eliminates fouling problems, and significantly reduces flow-induced tube vibration that can lead to tube damage.
This invention provides easier fabrication as well as a robust design that is needed to operate the shellside at high velocities. This design must use the triangular tube layout. This tube layout is most suitable as it provides the maximum tubecount within a given shell diameter. This exchanger can be provided with a larger number of tie rods than necessary to achieve mechanical integrity of the bundle, which also provides flexibility in achieving the desired shellside velocity by minimizing flow bypassing.

ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company


The present disclosure relates to oligodeoxynucleotides that suppress an immune response. Methods are disclosed for preventing or treating an immune-mediated disorder, such as, but not limited to, an autoimmune disease, by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a suppressive oligodeoxynucleotide. Also disclosed are methods of suppressing an immune response in a subject by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a suppressive oligodeoxynucleotide.

The immune system is composed of many interdependent cell types that collectively protect the body from bacterial, parasitic, fungal, viral infections and from the growth of tumor cells. Many of these cell types, such a B cells, macrophages, an Natural Killer cells, have specialized functions. The cells of the immune system can engulf bacteria, kill parasites or tumor cells, or kill viral-infected cells. Often, these cells depend on the T helper subset for activation signals in the form of secretions formally known as cytokines, lymphokines, or more specifically interleukins.
Cells of the immune system recognize and are activated by conserved pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in infectious agents. The unmethylated CpG dimers embedded in bacterial DNA, as well as certain synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG sequences (termed a CpG motif) that emulated them, are more frequent in the genomes of bacteria and viruses than vertebrates. Recent studies suggest that immune recognition of these motifs may contribute to the host's innate immune response (Klinman et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 2879, 1996; Yi et al., J. Immun. 157: 5394, 1996; Liang et al., J. Clin. Invest. 98:1119, 1996; Krieg et al., Nature 374: 546, 1995).
In mice, CpG DNA induces proliferation in almost all (>95%) of B cells and increases immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion. This B-cell activation by CpG DNA is T-cell independent and antigen non-specific. In addition to its direct effects on B cells, CpG DNA has also been shown to activate cells of the immune system (see, for example, International Patent Applications WO 95/26204, WO 96/02555, WO 98/11211, WO 98/18810, WO 98/37919, WO 98/40100, WO 98/52581, PCT/US98/047703, and PCT/US99/07335; U.S. Pat. No. 5,663,153).
However, in many situations, there is a need to suppress an immune response. For example, in an autoimmune disease, a foreign antigen mimics one or more self-proteins, and the immune system produces a response in which a tissue is consequently injured. Similarly, when a subject is the recipient of a transplanted tissue (e.g. a heart, lung, pancreas, or kidney recipient), the body can produce an immune response against the donor tissue. In this situation, there is a clear need to suppress the immune response, in order to avoid rejection of the graft. Additionally, there is a need to suppress the immune response in order to prevent or treat allergic disorders such as asthma.
In view of the above, there exists a need for agents that suppress immune responses. Specifically, there is a need for agents that can be used to suppress the inflammation, and that can be used to suppress an the immune response associated with autoimmune diseases, allergies, and transplant rejection.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Suppressors of CpG oligonucleotides and methods of use

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services


An RFID inlay. The RFID inlay can include a substrate having a first area and a second area, a conductive structure having a first part disposed over at least a portion of the first area and a second part disposed over at least a portion of the second area, and a dielectric material disposed over at least a portion of the conductive structure, wherein the substrate is adapted to be folded such that the first part of the conductive structure is disposed over the second part of the conductive structure and the dielectric material is disposed between the first part and the second part.

The use of radio frequency identification (RFID) to identify one of a plurality of items is well known. Typical RFID tags or integrated circuits include a microprocessor, also known as a microchip, electrically connected to an antenna. Alternatively, the microchip is first attached to a pad having electrical leads that provides a larger attachment of "landing" area. This is typically referred to as a "strap" or "interposer." The strap is then attached to the antenna.
The microprocessor stores data, which can include identifying data unique to a specific item, which is transmitted to an external receiver for reading by an operator and processing of the item. RFID tags can be attached to or associated with items for inventory control, shipment control, loss prevention, and the like. RFID tags are particularly useful in identifying, tracking and controlling items such as packages, pallets, and other product containers. The location of each item can be tracked and information identifying the owner of the item or specific handling requirements, can be encoded into the chip contained in the RFID tag and later read by a scanning device or reader which is capable of decoding and displaying the information previously encoded on the chip.
Accordingly, RFID tags can be attached to or associated with items entering or within a supply chain or retail environment and the identifying information received can be processed for various reasons in a variety of manners. RFID tags are particularly useful in identifying, tracking and controlling items such as pallets, packages, consumer goods and individual product containers. However, the tuning of an RFID tag can be dependent on the contents of the container. For example, conductive materials or materials having a high dielectric constant, for example, liquids or metals, can detune an RFID tag or substantially interfere with the RFID tag. Consequently, communications with such a tag are difficult and often ineffective.


The invention relates to a device for decoding encoded digital signals of the MPEG-type, comprising different modules (M1, M2, M3, . . . ), provided for communicating with an external random-access memory via an arbiter (ARB) intended to control the different types of access. Storage in the memory and the method of addressing are such that the decoding operation may not only be carried out with a conventional memory (DRAM) but also with synchronous DRAM memories (SDRAM), in which the arbiter uses the same mode of communication in each case and the other modules remain unchanged.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a device for decoding encoded digital signals of the MPEG-type, comprising different modules including at least an audio module and a video module, provided for communicating with an external random-access memory via an interface module referred to as arbiter and intended to control the different types of access --to a row of pixels, a row of the MPEG macroblock or a macroblock in fields of opposite parity--to decoded images.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The envisaged field of use concerns the storage of images decoded by an MPEG2 decoder in an external memory of the DRAM-type (Dynamic Random Access Memory). As is illustrated in FIG. 1, showing an MPEG2 decoder in a very diagrammatic form, different modules (M.sub.1, M.sub.2, M.sub.3, . . . ) in such a decoder access an external DRAM memory via a single interface module referred to as "arbiter". This memory particularly provides the temporary storage of the compressed data stream as well as the storage of decoded images. The arbiter, denoted ARB, controls access to this external memory for the assembly of decoder modules (access required by image blocks which are to read or write information in the memory). The different modules M1, M2, M3, etc. effect different types of access to the decoded images and particularly, as illustrated in FIG. 2 three types of access:
(A) scanning per row of image pixels (denoted BLP); PA1 (B) scanning per row of MPEG macroblock (denoted BLM); PA1 (C) access to a macroblock in a field of a given parity and to the corresponding macroblock in the field of the opposite parity, denoted APO (even field CP and odd field CI in FIG. 2). PA1 the luminance information of 4 macroblocks MB1i, MB2i, MB3i, MB4i of the odd field (denoted i) and the luminance information of 4 corresponding macroblocks MB1p, MB2p, MB3p, MB4p in the even field (denoted p); PA1 the chrominance information of 8 macroblocks of the odd field and the chrominance information of 8 corresponding macroblocks in the even field. PA1 access to the rows of macroblocks: 4 consecutive luminance macroblocks (8 for chrominance); PA1 access to the rows of pixels: 4*16=64 consecutive luminance pixels (64 for chrominance); PA1 access to the even/odd macroblocks: such an access is possible, because due to its construction, they are on the same page of the DRAM memory.
Addressing of the DRAM memories of the FPM-type ("Fast Page Mode"), mentioned, for example in Patent Application WO 95/31874, is realized as follows. The data are stored in words of 64 bits by separating the chrominance and luminance information. Stored in a page of the DRAM memory (=512 words of 64 bits), and as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively, are:
This organization allows the following types of access, without any page jumps:
However, this addressing only relates to current DRAM memories. Other types of memories, the SDRAM memories, described, for example in the document "Synchronous dynamic RAM", B. Prince et al., IEEE Spectrum, 29 (1992), Oct., nr. 10, pages 44 to 49 (these synchronous DRAM memories make use of one synchronous interface: the inputs and outputs of the data are clock-synchronized), seem to be used more and more as replacements, particularly because of their higher transfer speed.

Device for decoding signals of the MPEG-type


A laser power meter of the present invention including a laser power sensor and a power meter module is used for measuring the power level of a laser source in a minidisc recorder/player. The laser power sensor includes a photodetector and a variable resistor electrically connected together and housed in a cartridge-like housing that is equivalent in dimension to a minidisc used in the minidisc recorder/player. The laser power sensor is inserted into the minidisc recorder/player like a regular minidisc, thus allowing laser power readings without disassembling the recorder/player.

Several different affordable optical storage mediums have drastically improved the quality of recorded data and the usage of that data in applications as diverse as video recordings, audio recordings and computer data storage. Examples of such affordable optical storage mediums include, but are not limited to, laser discs (LDs), compact discs (CDs, CD-ROMs), digital versatile discs (DVDs) and the like. With the creation of these optical storage mediums, there has been a consequent development of various devices capable of recording data to and reading data from one these types of optical storage mediums. In particular, minidiscs (MDs) and MD recorder/players have been introduced as a versatile data storage and retrieval system.
MDs are packaged in a cartridge-like housing similar to, but smaller than, that of 3.5" floppy disks. MD players are similar to CD players in that a laser light is used to record/read data stored on the MD. In order for the data on the MD to be correctly read or written, the power of the laser light must be calibrated and maintained at a specific operating power level. For this task, laser power meters are used to measure the power output of the laser light in MD recorder/player devices.
However, currently available laser power meters are provided on a rod, which typically includes a hinge. The rod is used to insert the light detector of the meter into the MD recorder/player device to measure the power of the laser. However, because the distance between the meter and the laser is not held constant, particularly if the hinge in the rod is inadvertently pivoted during insertion of the meter, consistent and accurate readings cannot be obtained. The alternative is to disassemble the recorder/player to access the laser. However, disassembly is inconvenient, and may result in damage or misalignment of components.
Consequently, there is a need in the art for an apparatus and method for measuring the power output of a laser in an MD recorder/player, or other optical disc recorder/player, without disassembling the device to access the laser light source.

Mini-disc laser power meter and method of making the same


A method and apparatus for controlling integrated receiver operation in a communications terminal includes using an electronic device having a broadcast receiving module and a two-way communications module. The device may use the configuration of the receiving module to form a message to be sent to a peer device. The electronic device can use an incoming message to change a configuration of the receiving module. The incoming message may be sent from a notification node that is remotely configurable by a user. The receiving module can be controlled from an application program on the electronic device. In one aspect, the receiving module can be controlled from a Java™2 Micro Edition MIDlet.

Mobile electronic devices such as cellular phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs) are becoming increasingly popular. Such devices utilize microprocessors that make them highly adaptable communications devices. Some of these devices have additional functionality that can be integrated or added through expansion ports.
One type of useful functionality that can be added to electronic communications devices is the reception of wireless broadcast signals such as radio or television signals. Even with the growth of the Internet and other digital technologies, wireless broadcast communications are still widely used. Therefore it is beneficial to add such functionality to two-way communications devices to enhance their usefulness.
In order for mobile communications devices to be desirable replacements for existing stand-alone receivers, the communications devices must not only provide replacement functionality, but must provide additional benefits to the user that justifies the additional costs of including such features. Adding rich features to mobile communications devices is possible due to the programmable nature of the device, although there are inherent limits in such devices.
Mobile devices have much stricter power consumption limitations than other electronic devices; therefore the processors and memory on these devices are necessarily limited. For this reason, software on mobile devices (especially telephones) is often specially written for the target hardware to enhance performance and reduce memory usage. The disadvantage to this specialization is that it is more difficult to add functionality in the form of additional programs, particularly programs that should be able to run on a wide range of devices.
What is needed is a way to add new functionality to a broadcast receiver module on a mobile communications device. Further, such functionality should be able to run on a wide variety of devices to enhance compatibility and acceptance among users. The present invention fulfills these and other needs, and offers other advantages over prior art approaches.

Method and apparatus for controlling integrated receiver operation in a communications terminal


A four post ROPS is provided with left and right front vertical posts and left and right rear vertical posts. The rear vertical posts have a bottom portion that extends upwardly, forwardly and outwardly from the floor of the operator""s station. Each left and right front vertical post has an arrowhead shaped cross section. The arrow shaped cross section has a main lobe, a secondary lobe and a connecting portion located between the two lobes. The arrowhead shaped cross section defines a windshield channel for receiving the side edge of the windshield, and a side door channel for receiving the side edge of the side door. The arrowhead shape has an elongated axis that is in line with the line of sight of the operator when driving the backhoe loader.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to the configuration of the forward and rear vertical posts of a roll over protection system (ROPS) of a work vehicle.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The operator""s stations of most work vehicles are provided with a ROPS. Typically the ROPS is mounted to the floor of the operator station and comprises two or four vertically extending posts that are coupled to one another by longitudinally and laterally extending members. To provide sufficient strength to protect the operator in a large work vehicle the vertical posts have a large cross section and disrupt the operators vision lines to the work implements. This is especially true with backhoe loaders. Operators of backhoe loaders drive and work the loader while facing forward. When operating the backhoe, the operator rotates the seat 180 degrees and faces rearward. Therefore it is important for the operator to have good vision lines to the front during driving and loader operations and to the rear during backhoe operations.
It is an object of the present invention to provided a ROPS structure having improved visibility.
A four post ROPS is provided with left and right front vertical posts and left and right rear vertical posts. The rear vertical posts have a bottom portion that extends upwardly, forwardly and outwardly from the floor of the operator""s station. In this way the side visibility of the operator is increased when operating the backhoe. In addition, toe and knee clearance is increased for the operator when rotating the operator""s seat.
Each left and right front vertical post has an arrowhead shaped cross section. The arrow shaped cross section has a main lobe, a secondary lobe and a connecting portion located between the two lobes. The arrowhead shaped cross section defines a windshield channel for receiving the side edge of the windshield, and a side door channel for receiving the side edge of the side door. The arrowhead shape has an elongated axis that is in line with the line of sight of the operator when driving the backhoe loader.


A catalyst system useful to polymerize and co-polymerize polar and non-polar olefin monomers is formed by in situ reduction with a reducing agent of a catalyst precursor comprising{Cp*MRR′n}+{A}−wherein Cp* is a cyclopentadienyl or substituted cyclopentadienyl moiety; M is an early transition metal; R is a C1–C20 hydrocarbyl; R′ are independently selected from hydride, C1–C20 hydrocarbyl, SiR″3, NR″2, OR″, SR″, GeR″3, SnR″3, and C═C-containing groups (R″=C1–C10 hydrocarbyl); n is an integer selected to balance the oxidation state of M; and A is a suitable non-coordinating anionic cocatalyst or precursor. This catalyst system may form stereoregular olefin polymers including syndiotactic polymers of styrene and methylmethacrylate and isotactic copolymers of polar and nonpolar olefin monomers such as methylmethacrylate and styrene.

This invention relates to a cylcopentadienyl-containing low-valent transition metal catalyst that is useful in polymerizing and co-polymerizing polar and non-polar olefin monomers, and more particularly relates to an in situ reduced Group 4 metal polymerization catalyst that is capable of forming polymers and copolymers of conjugated monomers such as methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene.
Catalysts based on early transition metal d0 complexes, such as Ziegler-Natta catalysts, are used extensively for coordination polymerization of nonpolar olefins such as ethylene and propylene. However, due to their highly oxophilic nature, these catalysts typically are incompatible with functionalized vinyl monomers in achieving either insertive polymerization of polar olefins or copolymerization of nonpolar olefins with polar comonomers.
Late transition metal catalysts are less oxophilic; however, most often they effect olefin dimerization or oligomerization rather than polymerization to high molecular weight polymers. Recently, Brookhart and co-workers (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 267–268) reported examples of late transition metal-catalyzed insertive copolymerizations of nonpolar olefins (ethylene and propylene) with alkyl acrylates to give high molar mass (high molecular weight) polymers. However, activities become significantly lower as the polar comonomer concentration increases and polar groups are only detected at the end of polymer chain branches. Polymerization of olefins containing functional groups in a position remote from the vinyl group by early transition metal catalysts has been reported as have been very oxophilic catalysts such as lanthanocene and zirconocene to catalyze polymerization of polar monomers such as MMA or lactones through a Michael addition mechanism.
Crystalline vinyl aromatic polymers such as syndiotactic polystyrene have been produced from single-site or metallocene catalysts. EP 0 421 659 describes production of syndiotactic polystyrene using a mono-cyclopentadienyl complexed transition metal catalyst in combination with a non-coordinating anion such as a perfluoro borane or borate.
Polymers of polar vinyl monomers, such as MMA, are well known and typically are produced through a radical polymerization mechanism. Radical polymerization processes may have high polymerization activity for functionalized olefins, but usually require high pressure, produce broad molecular weight distribution resins, and do not control stereoregularity. Single-site catalysts, such as those based on a cylcopentadienyl ligand complexed with a transition metal, polymerize olefins with controllable molecular weights and stereoregularity and with narrow molecular weight distributions. However, these single-site catalysts typically do not polymerize functionalized olefins or copolymerize a functionalized with non-functionalized olefins.
Copolymerization of polar monomers with olefins using transition metal complexes is reviewed by Boffa and Novak, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 1479–1493, incorporated by reference herein.
Soga et al., Macromolecules, 1994, 27, 7938–7940, report formation of a syndio-rich atactic polymer of MMA using a metallocene cationic complex Cp2Zr(CH3)+B(C6F5)4− in toluene in the required presence of diethyl zinc. Also, Chen et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 6287–6305, incorporated herein by reference, reported MMA polymerization using a binuclear {Cp2Zr(CH3)}2CH3+-type catalyst using a living group transfer process mechanism and not coordinative polymerization.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,616,748 describes formation of a neutral reduced metal titanium cyclopentadienyl complex using a lithium alkyl reducing agent, but does not describe combinations with non-coordinating anions or use as a polymerization catalyst for polar and nonpolar olefins.
Our invention relates to a catalyst system that is capable of polymerizing polar and non-polar olefins. Examples of polar/nonpolar copolymers may be stereoregular as well as containing regions of alternating monomer polar/nonpolar units.
In one aspect of this invention, a monocyclopentadienyl transition metal metallocene combined with a non-coordinating cocatalyst anion is reduced in situ with a suitable reducing agent such as zinc metal to form an active olefin polymerization catalyst system capable of polymerizing and copolymerizing both polar and nonpolar olefins.
In another aspect of this invention, a monocylcopentadienyl-containing Group 4 metal complex in combination with a non-coordinating borate anion is reduced in situ with a metallic reducing agent such as zinc to form an active olefin polymerization catalyst.
In another aspect of the invention, stereoregular copolymers of polar and nonpolar olefins are formed. In other aspect of the invention styrene and methylmethacrylate are polymerized to crystalline polymers and copolymerized to isotactic copolymers containing 10 mol % or more of methylmethacrylate monomer units. These and other aspects of this invention are described and claimed herein.
Polar copolymers generally are useful as barrier materials for packaging; have improved adhesion/paintability/wetability characteristics; have functionalization points for grafting, coating, and lamination; may be blend compatibilizers for multilayered structures; may be a replacement for halogen-coating polymers, and have improved processing and mechanical properties.

Cyclopentadienyl-containing low-valent early transition metal olefin polymerization catalysts


There is provided a fixing device that may include: an endless belt having an inner peripheral surface defining an internal space and configured to circularly move about a first axis extending in an axial direction; a heater and a nip plate extending through the internal space; a rotary body; a restricting member and a biasing member. The rotary body and the nip member may nip the endless belt therebetween. The restricting member may restrict displacement of the endless belt in the axial direction, the restricting member having a restricting surface configured to oppose an axial end face of the endless belt in the axial direction. The biasing member may bias the restricting member toward the axial end face of the endless belt.

A conventional electrophotographic image forming apparatus (such as a later printer or digital copier) includes a fixing device that thermally fixes a developing agent image formed on a recording sheet thereto. Such conventional fixing device includes a flexible endless fusing film (or an endless belt), a heater disposed in an internal space of the fusing film, a nip plate disposed in the internal space and in sliding contact with an inner peripheral surface of the fusing film to receive radiant heat from the heater, and a pressure roller that nips the fusing film together with the nip plate to permit the endless fusing film to be circularly movable in a circumferential direction thereof.
In this fixing device, a developing agent image formed on a recording sheet is thermally fixed to the recording sheet with radiant heat from the heater while the recording sheet is nipped and conveyed between the pressure roller and the fusing film.
This fixing device is also provided with a pair of restricting members configured to restrict end faces of the fusing film in an axial direction thereof. The restricting members serve to prevent the recording sheet from deviating from its sheet conveying direction while the sheet is nipped and conveyed between the pressure roller and the fusing film. These restricting members are configured to tilt relative to a surface perpendicular to an axis of the endless fusing belt.

Fixing device having restricting member to restrict end face of endless belt


A permission management method for a trustworthiness mechanism of a big-data blockchain includes: dividing system resources into user-role resources, data resources and node resources; acquiring a current role of a user based on a RBAC module in a R-TBAC model, and acquiring an operating-permission-value range of the current role; monitoring an operating behavior of the user in an operating system, and, based on the RBAC module and according to the operating-permission-value range of the current role, detecting whether the current role of the user has a role-operating permission for the operation; detecting a task-operating permission of the contract instance or task instance based on a TBAC module in the R-TBAC model during running of the contract instance or task instance; and completing, by the user, the operation in an authorized operating permission range based on the R-TBAC model.

Access control refers to a policy that allows a specific authorized subject to access an object, and prevents providing services to unauthorized subjects at the same time. In other words, the access control manages access permissions related to a series of issues such as "who can access what kinds of data resources", "who can operate data resources" and "what operations can be performed".
In a current access control application scenario of big-data blockchains, a user may have two or more identity information, and the identity information may overlap, resulting in abnormal access authorization. Meanwhile, in addition to hardware resources such as CPU and network, operated objects also have data resources such as smart-contract log and contract-runtime information with multi-source real-time interaction. Faced with various resources of many dimensions in the big-data blockchain, an existing access control model cannot cover complicated and diverse application scenarios, cannot satisfy access control requirements among various resources, is not suitable for trusted circulation of various data resources, and have problems such as low access authorization accuracy, low permission management efficiency and insufficient data security, and the like.

Permission management method and system for trustworthiness mechanism of big-data blockchain


A tailgate lift assist counterbalancing hinge assembly that can be retrofitted to the exterior of a vehicle's tailgate is disclosed. The hinge assembly includes first and second tailgate brackets for attaching the hinge assembly to the exterior of tailgate. The first tailgate bracket includes a perpendicularly bent flange to facilitate attachment of the bracket to the tailgate. The hinge assembly also includes a torque rod with a bend to facilitate access to a fastener used to attach the first tailgate bracket through the bent flange to the exterior of the tailgate. A retainer block, which is positioned on a flange of the second tailgate bracket, is secured with the bracket to the exterior of tailgate using a second fastener. The torque rod extends on the exterior of the tailgate between the first and second tailgate brackets.

The present invention relates to vehicle body closure panels, and more particularly to a tailgate lift assist counterbalancing hinge assembly that can be retrofitted to a vehicle's tailgate.
Vehicle body closure members, such as a tailgate, are pivotally mounted between body side panels forming the pillars at the rear of the vehicle. The tailgate pivots about a hinge axis between a horizontal, open position, and a vertical, closed position. Preferably, the mounting assemblies for the tailgate permit the tailgate to be removed, and this has been accomplished in a known construction when the tailgate is pivoted to a position between the fully open or fully closed positions. For example, the tailgate may include hinge pins that extend outwardly along the hinge axis that removably connect into brackets carried on the truck body. When the tailgate is pivoted to a predetermined intermediate position, for example, 15° away from a fully closed position, at least one of the hinge pins slips through a slot in the connecting bracket as the tailgate is lifted at one end from the truck body.
Some of the tailgate mounting assemblies include a spring bias assist for assisting movement and counterbalancing the weight of a tailgate during opening or closing movements. One previously known mechanism, in which a torque rod provides spring biasing between the tailgate and the body panel pillars, carries the torque rod on assemblies that form the pivots for the tailgate. Since the torque rod forms a portion of the pivot assembly, the torque rod must be installed for the tailgate to pivot and thus complicates the assembly procedure. Moreover, the torque rod may require particularly configured ends that complicate production of the parts before assembly.
A previously known tailgate may use hinge pin trunions for pivoting, and the torque rod is preformed and installed into the tailgate in a complex and intricate procedure. For example, during assembly of the tailgate, the stationary end of the rod has to be aligned with an aperture that exposes the end for attachment outside of the tailgate while the anchoring end is aligned with a reinforcement plate located inside the tailgate. All of the aligning must be performed while the torque rod is carried within the interior of the tailgate and the procedure may be difficult and time consuming. Moreover, numerous components are required to assemble the torque rod to the tailgate. Other types of springs used in place of the torque rod are difficult to install within the confines of tailgates made of inner and outer panels joined together before the hinge assembly is mounted. Moreover, such assemblies may be difficult to repair and replacement parts are complex and expensive.
Some vehicles are manufactured with tailgate mounting assemblies that do not include a mechanism for assisting movement by counterbalancing the weight of the tailgate during opening or closing movements. A vehicle may be ordered without a lift assist mechanism because the person buying the vehicle may not be able to afford, or maybe unwilling to pay, the additional cost of adding the lift assembly mechanism at the time the vehicle was purchased, or because the buyer simply did not appreciate the effort required to raise and lower a tailgate that can be heavy, and thus hard to lift or move when being closed or opened. In time, the vehicle operator may come to regret his or her decision to buy the vehicle without the lift assist mechanism. The present invention solves this problem by providing a simplified tailgate lift assist counterbalancing hinge assembly that can be retrofitted to the exterior of an existing vehicle tailgate.

Tailgate counterbalancing hinge with bend in torque rod


A parallel data processing system in which a plurality of data processing devices are coupled to a data network. Each of the data processing devices has a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. A reward is provided for use of the processors. A job includes a plurality of tasks. Responsive to a request signal from one of the data processing devices, one of the tasks is sent to the one data processing device over the data network. The one task is stored in the memory of the one data processing device. The processor of the one data processing device retrieves the one task from the memory. The processor of the one data processing device performs the one task to define a result. After defining the result, the reward is provided to a recipient associated with the one data processing device.

Modern organizations, particularly technology driven organizations, have a constant need to innovate. Unfortunately, innovation is often hindered by an existing lack of technology to properly explore new technologies. In a sense, future technologies are "stacked" upon previous technologies. That is, without a proper technological foundation, there is no support for technological innovation. It is difficult to skip generations of technology.
One technology often needed to support innovation is data processing power. Modem organizations require processing power for many different purposes. Technology companies, for instance, rely on processing power for research and development ("R&D") efforts. Pharmaceutical research companies spend large sums of money on the latest data processing equipment to discover and test new drug compounds. Financial institutions need processing power for stock trend modeling and other computation-intensive activities. Defense contractors need processing power to test new missile designs. While these various organizations operate in different industries, each would benefit by owning or having access to computer systems that offer more data processing power.
At any given time, there are millions of unused data processing devices throughout the world. Workstations, personal computers, laptop computers, personal digital assistants ("PDAs") are often not in use. Many computers sit in a room overnight, during meals, and sometimes throughout the workday. Further, even when people are using these data processing devices, the devices rarely operate at full capacity. The processors in these data processing devices are often available to provide data processing for others.
Data processing devices are possessed by various entities including corporations, academic institutions, and private individuals. These entities, however, are generally only concerned with solving their particular problems. The entities described above have no incentive to share the processing power of their respective devices with others. Thus, most never consider the greater need for data processing power.

Method and apparatus for receiving a reward for the use of a processor in a parallel processing environment


A method and apparatus for setting a whipstock in a subsurface well conduit using a combination of an accelerator tool, jar tool, and setting tool, and a whipstock being shearingly carried by the setting tool, and using the jar tool to shear and separate the whipstock from the setting tool.

In subterranean well operations, it is necessary from time to time to set a whipstock in a subsurface well conduit such as a tubing string or a well casing. The whipstock is set to deviate a mill bit or a drill bit away from the longitudinal axis of the conduit to mill a window in the conduit from which to drill a deviated well bore at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the conduit.
The cost and time consumed in using a conventional rotary drilling rig in the foregoing situation is considerable and there has been a trend towards the use of coiled tubing units for these and other well operations heretofore conducted with conventional (jointed straight pipe) drilling rigs.
Coiled tubing units are known in the art, but not widely used in the field yet. Coiled tubing units are nevertheless available on a commercial basis. Inventions such as that disclosed herein will render coiled tubing units more readily useful in the field by reducing both the cost and time expenditure, as compared to a conventional drilling rig, for a given operation.
Heretofore, tools and procedures have been developed for use with conventional drilling rigs for various operations such as removing (milling) a section of a well conduit, whether it is tubing or casing, but these tools and procedures cannot be transferred unchanged to a coiled tubing unit and employed successfully in the same manner as employed in the conventional drilling rig. The use of conventional drilling rig tools and procedures in a coiled tubing context has several shortcomings. For example, control over the axial downward pressure on the tool or tools employed downhole is difficult to maintain because of the flexibility of the coiled tubing string. Accordingly, the cutting or milling tool may wear prematurely or unduly cut into other downhole tools such as whipstocks.

Method and apparatus for setting a whipstock


Provided are a variant phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase, a microorganism including the same, and a method of preparing a purine nucleotide using the same.

5′-Inosinic acid (5′-inosine monophosphate; hereinafter referred to as IMP), which is a nucleotide-based material, is an intermediate material of the metabolic system of nucleic acid biosynthesis, and is used in a variety of fields, such as medical products and medical applications. IMP is a material that is widely used as a food seasoning additive or for foods, together with 5′-guanylic acid (5′-guanine monophosphate; hereinafter referred to as GMP). IMP itself is known to have a beef flavor, and is known to enhance the flavor of monosodium glutamic acid (MSG), like GMP. Therefore, IMP has received much attention as a nucleotide-based taste seasoning.
Methods of preparing IMP include a method of enzymatically degrading ribonucleic acids which are extracted from yeast cells, a method of chemically phosphorylating inosine which is produced by fermentation (Agri. Biol. Chem., 36, 1511(1972), etc.), a method of culturing a microorganism capable of directly producing IMP and then recovering IMP in a culture thereof, etc. Among these methods, the most commonly used method is the method of using a microorganism capable of directly producing IMP.
Further, methods of preparing GMP include a method of converting 5′-xanthylic acid (5′-xanthosine monophosphate; hereinafter referred to as XMP) produced by microbial fermentation into GMP using a coryneform microorganism, and a method of converting XMP produced by microbial fermentation into GMP using Escherichia coli. According to the methods, when XMP is produced and then converted into GMP, it is necessary to enhance productivity of XMP, which is a precursor of the conversion reaction during microbial fermentation, and it is required to prevent loss of GMP which has already been produced throughout the conversion reaction as well as produced XMP.
Meanwhile, enzymes in their natural state do not always exhibit optimal properties in terms of activity, stability, substrate specificity for optical isomers, etc., which are required in industrial applications. Therefore, various attempts have been made to improve enzymes through variations of their amino acid sequences, etc. such that they become suitable for the intended use. Of these, rational design and site-directed mutagenesis of enzymes have been applied in order to improve enzyme functions. However, in many cases, there is a disadvantage in that information on the structure of a target enzyme is not sufficient, or the structure-function relationship is not clear, and therefore, the methods cannot be effectively applied. In this regard, it is reported that the enzyme improvement is attempted by way of a directed evolution method of screening for an enzyme of a desired trait from a mutant enzyme library which is constructed through random mutagenesis of the enzyme gene, leading to improvement of its activity.

Variant phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase and method of preparing purine nucleotide using the same


A microwave oven for enabling smooth rotation and linear reciprocation of a turntable is provided with a turntable installed therein to rotate and linearly reciprocate within a cooking compartment. The microwave oven includes a reciprocation guidance member, for supporting the turntable, provided between the turntable and the bottom of the cooking compartment. The reciprocation guidance member is moveable with the turntable in a linearly reciprocating direction. Through the use of such a reciprocation guidance member, it is possible to prevent interference between the rotation and the linear reciprocation of the turntable, resulting in smooth rotation and reciprocation of the turntable.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a microwave oven and, more particularly, to a microwave oven in which a turntable, for bearing food thereon, is installed on the bottom of a cooking compartment in a rotatable and reciprocally movable manner, thereby enabling uniform cooking of the food.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, a microwave oven is an appliance in which food is cooked by frictional heat of water molecules, produced as high-frequency waves generated from a magnetron, are irradiated to the interior of a cooking compartment to repeatedly convert the molecular arrangement of water contained in the food.
Such a microwave oven comprises a body forming an outer appearance of the microwave oven, and a rectangular box-shaped inner case for dividing the interior of the body into a cooking compartment inside the inner case, and an electric element compartment outside the inner case.
On the bottom of the cooking compartment is installed a turntable so that the turntable is rotatable in a state wherein food is disposed thereon. Rotation of the turntable is achieved by a motor mounted at the outer lower surface of the inner case. Inside the electric element compartment are mounted a magnetron for generating high-frequency waves and irradiating the waves to the interior of the cooking compartment, a high-pressure condenser, and a high-pressure transformer for applying a high voltage to the magnetron, etc.
When the microwave oven configured as stated above is operated, the high-frequency waves generated from the magnetron are irradiated to the interior of the cooking compartment, thus allowing the food, rotating along with the turntable, to be cooked as the high-frequency waves are irradiated thereto.
Such a conventional microwave oven, however, has a limitation to uniformly cook the food since the turntable is rotated in a prescribed fixed position on the bottom of the cooking compartment.
In order to overcome the above problem, Korean Registration Patent No. 10-0423993 discloses a microwave oven comprising a turntable, which is rotatable and reciprocally movable, for enabling uniform cooking of food disposed on the turntable.
The disclosed microwave oven further comprises an elongated slot formed at the bottom of the cooking compartment, a shaft coupled at an upper end thereof to a lower surface of the turntable, a lower end of the shaft extending downwardly through the elongated slot below the cooking compartment, a pinion formed at an outer circumference of the shaft at the outside of the cooking compartment, a guide member formed with a rack to be engaged with the pinion, the guide member being fixedly positioned below the cooking compartment, a first link, having a first end hingedly connected to the lower end of the shaft, and a second moveable end, and a second link, having a first end hingedly connected to the second movable end of the first link, and a second end fixed to a rotating shaft of a motor mounted below the cooking compartment.
With such a configuration, if the second link is rotated in one direction along with the rotating shaft of the motor, the first link is pulled toward or pushed away from the motor as the pinion is rotated forward or reverse along the rack according to a rotation range of the second link, thereby causing the shaft to rotate and linearly reciprocate along the elongated slot. This makes it possible for the turntable to rotate as well as linearly reciprocate on the bottom of the cooking compartment along with the shaft, thus enabling uniform cooking of the food on the turntable.
In the above described conventional microwave oven, between the bottom of the cooking compartment and the turntable is installed a sliding member. The sliding member serves to reduce a frictional resistance between the turntable and the bottom of the cooking compartment, thereby securing smooth rotation and linear reciprocation of the turntable. For this, the sliding member is made of a material having a low frictional coefficient.
A problem of the conventional microwave oven is that the turntable is rotated and linearly reciprocated in a surface-to-surface contact state with the sliding member, resulting in interference between rotation and linear reciprocation of the turntable, and limiting smooth operation of the turntable. In a surface-to-surface contact state between the turntable and the bottom of the cooking compartment, furthermore, if a relatively large load is applied to the bottom of the cooking compartment due to heavy foodstuff disposed on the turntable, a frictional force between the turntable and the bottom of the cooking compartment is increased largely, thereby hindering smooth rotation and linear reciprocation of the turntable.

Microwave oven and rotating and reciprocating turntable thereof


A computer keyboard with a monitor on the operating panel thereof. Data entered by users from the keyboard is synchronously displayed on the keyboard monitor, eliminating the need for a user to look back and forth at the positions of keys and the data displayed on the monitor during a data entry process. The keyboard can also be an independent input device used to enter data even when the keyboard is disconnected from the computer. Such a keyboard has a memory unit that can temporarily store the entered data while the keyboard is disconnected, and then load the data into the computer when the keyboard recovers its connection with the computer. Thus, the keyboard is capable of receiving and storing data when the keyboard is disconnected, and transmitted stored data upon reconnection with the computer.

Divided by basic functions, a general computer usually includes an input unit, an output unit, and a processing unit. At present, the most important input units of a computer are nothing more than a keyboard and a mouse, and the monitor is the most important output unit.
The structure of a keyboard comprises a plurality of keys, and each key represents one or more specific character (including a symbol, a text, or a number). Many keys adopt the bitmapped structure; after a user presses a key, the keyboard microcontroller (MCU) will generate a character code corresponding to this key, and then send the character code to the computer system. The signal of such character code will be decoded by the central processing unit (CPU) and the software in the computer system, and then saved in the memory unit (such as a hard disk) or sent to the monitor microcontroller for the processing or conversion, and finally displayed on the monitor.
For those familiar with the keyboard operation, it is not necessary to focus on the keyboard position to enter data, but our vision can stay on the display content of the monitor. On the other hand, for those unfamiliar with the keyboard position, it is necessary to look back and forth at the keyboard position and the data displayed on the monitor frequently to assure the accuracy and consistency of the data during the process of entering data. This method requires the user to look back and forth between the key position of the keyboard and the data displayed on the monitor, which not only causes inconvenience to the operation, but also causes tiredness or even injury easily.
In the R.O.C. patent application No. 89122574 entitled "Keyboard with display device", a keyboard having a display device on the external casing of the keyboard was disclosed, and its basic technical measure is to add a display device to a traditional keyboard. With the control of a control circuit in the keyboard, after any key is pressed, the symbol representing such key will be displayed on the display device on the external casing of the keyboard and the peripheral device (computer system or notebook computer) connected to the keyboard. The foregoing patented technology has made a slight improvement on the traditional keyboard to solve the inconvenience on the aforesaid application.
However, as to the foregoing patented technology or the traditional keyboard design, all keyboards regardless of being connected to a computer system a by cable or by wireless transmission technology (such as the wireless transmission or infrared transmission have to be in connection with the computer before it can enter data. Once the keyboard is disconnected with the computer system, it is unable to enter or save data into the computer system even if the data is entered from the keyboard. Thus, the traditional keyboard does not have the working capability when it is disconnected.


Apparatus for inflating a vehicle air bag and for reducing the inflation rate of the air bag in the event that an occupant of the vehicle engages the air bag before it is fully inflated, including a gas generating unit for producing an inflation gas in response to a predetermined impact to the vehicle, and an aspiration unit operatively connected to the gas generating unit and to the air bag. The aspiration unit includes an ambient air inlet, a mixing chamber in communication with the air inlet, and one or more nozzles in communication with the gas generating unit and the mixing chamber for directing inflation gas into the mixing chamber to aspirate ambient air through the air inlet into the mixing chamber so that a mixture of ambient air and generated inflation gas is created for the inflation of the air bag. Upon engagement of the air bag by the vehicle occupant before it is fully inflated, a back pressure is created in the mixing chamber to reduce or terminate the flow of aspirated air and generated inflation gas into the mixing chamber and thus to reduce the inflation rate of the air bag, thereby preventing continued rapid inflation of the air bag and possible serious injury to the occupant.

The present invention relates to an air bag inflation apparatus and, more particularly, to an aspiration-type air bag inflation apparatus which reduces the inflation rate of the air bag in the event that an occupant of a vehicle impacts the air bag before it is fully inflated.
In a typical automobile collision, air bag inflation is essentially completed at the time an occupant starting from a properly seated position moves forward and contacts the inflated air bag. In this instance, the occupant in moving forward contacts the bag surface at approximately the speed the vehicle had just prior to vehicle impact. The occupant moving into the bag is enveloped and brought to rest by the cushioning effect of the pressurized bag. However, an occupant who is not properly positioned sitting back in the seat, but instead is leaning forward or sitting forward or standing in front of the seat or in contact with the air bag module cover at the time of vehicle impact may interfere with the air bag during the inflation process. In this instance, the bag surface is developing and expanding rearwardly into the vehicle interior at a high velocity relative to the vehicle. The bag intercepts the occupant moving forward in the aforementioned manner producing a relative occupant-air bag surface impact velocity as high as 200 m.p.h. The partially inflating and expanding bag envelopes the occupant, bringing the occupant first to rest relative to the vehicle and then as the bag continues to pressurize, accelerates the portion of the occupant's body in contact with the bag rearward with substantial force, which may result in serious or fatal injury. A need has arisen, therefore, for an air bag inflation apparatus that will automatically mediate the inflation rate of the air bag to limit the pressure developed in the air bag to the level necessary for the safe protection of the occupant regardless of proximity to the air bag module in the vehicle at the time of vehicular impact.

Aspiration-type air bag inflation apparatus


An airfoil (10) having a main structure (15) including at least one spar (16) and a front structure (20) forming a leading edge (21), said airfoil (10) having an empty space (25) between said main structure (15) and said front structure (20). The airfoil (10) includes a rigid deflector member (30) in said empty space (25), the deflector member being fastened to the main structure (15), said deflector member (30) having a sharp edge (31) facing towards said front structure (20) in order to deflect an external obstacle impacting against said front structure (20).

(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an aircraft airfoil, and to an aircraft having such an airfoil. More particularly, the invention relates to a stabilizer, and in particular to a stabilizer for an aircraft having a rotary wing.
(2) Description of Related Art
A stabilizer is a stationary airfoil that is generally located at the rear of an aircraft fuselage. Under such circumstances, a stabilizer is specifically designed to develop forces suitable for stabilizing and/or controlling pitching movements of the aircraft, and possibly also movements in yaw of the aircraft.
A stabilizer may comprise a set of substantially horizontal airfoils and of substantially vertical airfoils.
The substantially horizontal airfoils serve in particular to optimize the stability of the pitching movement of the aircraft. Such substantially horizontal airfoils are conventionally referred to as a "tail plane" or a "horizontal tail". It should be observed that a horizontal stabilizer may include a movable portion referred to as an "elevator".
A horizontal stabilizer may pass through an aircraft fuselage and extend on either side of the fuselage, or indeed it may extend from only one side of the fuselage. A horizontal stabilizer extending on either side of a fuselage may comprise a single airfoil passing through the fuselage or two airfoils extending from the fuselage in two respective opposite directions.
Independently of the way the horizontal stabilizer is made, the horizontal stabilizer includes a system for fastening it to the fuselage.
Substantially vertical airfoils serve in particular to optimize the stability of the roll movement of the aircraft. Such substantially vertical airfoils are conventionally referred to as a "tail fin". A tail fin may include a movable portion referred to as a "rudder".
Thus, an aircraft conventionally has an airfoil provided with a system for passing it to a fuselage, such as a stabilizer.
Furthermore, such a member of an aircraft that projects from the fuselage runs the risk of being impacted in flight by an obstacle, such as a bird. A stabilizer may be the subject of a risk of bird impact when the stabilizer projects by a non-negligible amount outwards from the aircraft.
Damage to a stabilizer as a result of a bird impact can have an influence on safety in flight, so manufacturers tend to optimize stabilizers against impacts of this kind.
More particularly, a bird impact runs the risk of breaking the fastener system connecting an airfoil to an aircraft fuselage, since an impact against a bird generates excessive forces on the fastener system.
Conventionally, an airfoil comprises a main structure around a spar. The airfoil is also provided at its leading edge with a protective front structure.
The terms "main structure" and "front structure" are used below for convenience and for reasons of clarity.
For example, the front structure is fastened to a spar of the airfoil by ribs.
Under such circumstances, when a bird impacts the front structure, the front structure deforms without stopping the bird. The bird penetrates into the inside of the stabilizer and then impacts against the spar of the airfoil.
By definition the spar is very strong. The spar therefore does not deform under the impact. However the spar moves back and pivots about the fastener system for the airfoil.
The fastener system becomes deformed and, in the extreme, it may break.
In order to minimize the risks of an impact, a first device is known that is used in particular on a cover of a tail gearbox of the helicopter known under the trademark EC175®.
That first device makes use of a blade fastened to the outside of the front structure of the cover. The blade is intended to cut through a bird, should that be necessary in order to protect the cover, and more particularly in order to protect its fastener system connecting it to the body of the aircraft.
That first device gives satisfaction. However the blade disturbs the aerodynamic flow of air around the cover.
In addition, the cover is reinforced in order to enable the blade to be fastened thereto. Since the front structure is generally dimensioned in order to withstand light external loading, the front structure needs to be modified in order to receive the blade.
The resulting stiffening of the front structure tends to give rise to a non-negligible increase in its weight.
Furthermore, fabrication of the stabilizer is made more complex.
A second device is known and described in document EP 2 196 391.
That second device consists in reinforcing the front structure of an airfoil. The reinforcement may be obtained by means of chemical machining or indeed by adding Y-shaped reinforcement. The purpose of the second device is thus to maximize the amount of energy that the front structure absorbs as a result of impacting against a bird.
That second device is also satisfactory. Nevertheless, reinforcing the front structure gives rise to a significant increase in the weight of the airfoil. In addition, the fabrication of that airfoil and more particularly of its front structure is made more complex.
The first device thus suggests modifying the front structure by adding a blade, while the second device suggests modifying the front structure by reinforcing it.
Also known is document U.S. Pat. No. 7,931,233. That document relates to a protective skin forming a leading edge.
The technological background also includes the document "Wing leading edge design with composites to meet bird design strike requirements", Composites Manufacturing, Butterworth Scientific, Guildford, Surrey, GB, Jan. 1, 1991, pp. 3-18.
The technological background also includes the following documents: U.S. Pat. No. 2,390,761; US 2010/148007; EP 2 130 762; and DE 10 2005 060958.

Aircraft airfoil, and an aircraft provided with such an airfoil


An authentication scheme may be used to decide whether to permit access to a user account access to which is controlled by a network resource server. An initial portion of a password is received at a mobile communication device, and a remaining portion of the password is received at a password client installed in or otherwise coupled to the network resource server. The initial portion is communicated from the mobile communication device to the network resource server, where it is passed to the password client, which combines it and the remaining portion to produce a complete password. A value calculated by the password client from the complete password is sent to a password server, which generated the password and sent the initial portion and remaining portion. If the value matches a value calculated by the password server from the complete password in the same manner, authentication has succeeded.

An authentication mechanism may be used to control access to user accounts at Internet websites and other network resources. A common authentication mechanism is one that relies on the provision of a username and password. As the number of user accounts for a person increases, so does the number of username/password combinations that the person needs to remember. For example, the person may use different username/password combinations for an account at a social networking site, an online electronic mail account, an online banking account, an online data and file storage account, and a virtual private network account.
Management of multiple account credentials can be problematic, so people tend to adopt habits that reduce the security of their protected information. For example, the same password may be chosen for multiple accounts, or easy-to-remember passwords that are also easy to guess may be chosen. In another example, people may write down the username/password combinations in an unencrypted file on a computer or on a piece of paper stored near the computer. Even if the username/password combinations are stored securely, the accounts may be vulnerable if the computer used to access the accounts is stolen or otherwise compromised.
It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity.

Authentication using a wireless mobile communication device


A hydraulic system is provided for an engine driven vehicle. The hydraulic system includes a higher pressure engine driven pump for supplying pressurized fluid to a higher pressure circuit via a first supply line. The system also includes a lower pressure engine driven pump for supplying lower pressure fluid to a lower pressure circuit via a second supply line. The system also includes a pressure responsive relief valve. The relief valve has a sensing port connected to the first supply line, an inlet connected to the first supply line, and an outlet connected to the second circuit via the second supply line. The relief valve opens when a demand of the higher pressure circuit is satisfied. A cut-off valve controls communication between the high pressure circuit and a reservoir, and a control unit controls the cut-off valve as a function of operation of the high pressure circuit.

The present invention relates to a hydraulic circuit, such as a hydraulic circuit for a vehicle.
Known vehicle hydraulic systems have both low and high pressure devices or circuits. For example, a known production tractor includes an infinitely variable transmission (IVT) which includes an electro-hydraulic hydrostatic drive unit and a hydro-mechanical transmission. The electro-hydraulic hydrostatic drive unit requires a supply of high pressure hydraulic fluid for operation of a yoke which controls a variable displacement unit, whereas the hydro-mechanical transmission requires only lower supply pressure to operate its transmission control clutches.
In a vehicle hydraulic system, overall system flow requirements are typically dictated by pump sizing at low engine speed, which then results in higher flows and more power loss at higher engine speeds. In this known production system a single high pressure gear pump supplies hydraulic fluid to both these high and low pressure hydraulic components. This single pump must be sized so that it can supply sufficient amounts of hydraulic fluid at low idle engine speeds. However, as a result, at high engine speeds it will supply more hydraulic fluid than is required, producing surplus hydraulic fluid flow and wasting engine power.
Conventional vehicle hydraulic systems have parasitic losses which reduce available hydraulic power. Certain systems use a variable displacement pump to reduce flow as engine speed increases. Other systems use positive displacement gear pumps. But, as engine speed increases, so does hydraulic flow and ultimately, power losses.

Dual pump dual pressure hydraulic circuit


A macroservice engine is provided to exclusively carry out a sequence control in a processing of a macroservice. On the other hand, a command execution unit carries out no macroservice, but generates a bus cycle exciting request for a bus control unit, when an access request signal is generated to access a memory or peripheral registers included in a microcomputer. Thus, a processing of interruption is carried out with high speed, and a burden of a central processing unit is relieved in an interruption process.

A data processing apparatus including a microcomputer carries out a series of processes by reading out and executing a program stored in a memory. Usually, the programed processes are executed in accordance with the sequence of the program instructions. However, if a request for interrupting the program is generated in the data processing apparatus or an external circuit, the data processing apparatus suspends processing of the current program now in operation, reads out an interrupting program corresponding to the request, and executes it. After finishing the interrupting program, the data processing apparatus continues the program which is suspended.
One algorithm for shifting the control state of the data processing apparatus from a state of executing the current program to that of executing the interrupting program is a so-called vector interruption process. In the vector interruption process, if a request for interrupting is generated, the data processing apparatus transfers an address indicated by a program counter and program state words to a stack region of the memory. Then, the data processing apparatus reads an initial address of the interrupting program corresponding to the interrupting source from a vector table. Then, the operation is jumped to the initial address of the interrupting program. The data processing apparatus starts executing the interrupting program by fetching a new command code thereof. When execution of the interrupting program finishes, the data processing apparatus reads out the contents of the stack region of the memory, and then restarts executing the program interrupted by the vector interruption.
The vector interruption is used for general purpose; however, it has a disadvantage in that it takes a considerable time to transfer a context such as the address of the current program to the stack region of the memory, to read an initial address of the interrupting program, to restore the context after finishing the interrupting program, etc., so that the vector interruption is difficult to apply to a control program which requires a high speed response.
Recently, there has been developed a microcomputer in which an extremely high speed interrupting process is carried out beside the vector interrupting process, that is a single chip microcomputer "78K/III family" or "78K/VI family" of NEC Corporation. Such a high speed interrupting process is called as a macroservice process.
One type of a conventional data processing apparatus in which the macroservice process is carried out includes an execution unit which executes commands of a program, a bus controller, and an interruption controller which controls the interrupting process.
In the macroservice process, the request for interruption is generated by the interruption controller, and the execution unit samples the request in an interval of execution of commands of the current program. If the request is accepted, the interrupting process is executed by the execution unit in the interval between the two commands of the current program, so that it is not required to transfer the context of the present state to a memory stack region, jump to the interrupting program, fetch a command of the interrupting program, and recall the context.
According to the conventional data processing apparatus, however, there is a disadvantage in that it takes still a substantial time to execute the interrupting process, so that the execution unit is occupied with a time ratio by execution of the interrupting process if there are a number of requests for interruption. Therefore, the execution unit has a time restriction to execute the commands of the current program. If the interrupting process is a relatively simple process such as a simple arithmetic operation or accessing a memory or an internal register, the burden of the execution unit is not so heavy. However, if the interrupting process is more complicated, the burden of the execution unit becomes heavy.