Disclosed is a shading device for a welding helmet in which a circuit portion (the second frame) having a high error rate and the remaining portion can be separated from each other and only the circuit portion separated from the device can be repaired or changed, thereby the maintenance and repair are harmoniously. The shading device for a welding helmet comprising a first frame comprises a first body having a LCD module with contacting portions formed at both sides of a LCD window and a first joint portion formed at one end portion of the first body, a second frame comprising a second body 32 having a power supplying portion and a second joint portion attachable and deattachable to the first joint portion of the first frame at one end portion thereof, a pair of electrodes having one side thereof electrically contacted with the contacting portions respectively, and an electrically conductive means for electrically connecting the power supplying portion with the corresponded electrodes.

Generally, the welding helmet serves to protect the eyes and faces of the worker during the welding or cutting process. The welding helmet includes the shading device for preventing the eyes of the worker from the blazing and harmful rays.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,533,206 and 6,070,264 disclose welding helmets provided with a shading device, what is called, a cartridge for automatically driving the shade during the welding process. However, there is a problem in that the shading device cannot easily attached or deattached to the welding helmets, so that the maintenance and repair are out of keeping.
In order to solve this problem, Korean Patent publication No. 10-2004-0082771 discloses another welding helmet for easily attaching and deattaching the shading device from the welding helmet.
In the meantime, in the maintenance of the welding helmet having the shading device, it is to be understood that the error rate of the LCD module is very low, but the bulk of the maintenance thereof is due to the error of the circuit portion.
Accordingly, the Korean Patent publication has a merit in that the shading device thereof can be easily attachable and deattachable to easily maintain and repair it. However, in the case of only the circuit portion failure, there is a problem in that the entire shading device is separated from the welding helmet in order to repair it. Especially, since the majority of the shading devices are exported to foreign countries at present, the foreign company must send the whole shading device to the domestic supplier in order to maintain and repair it. Also, there is a problem in that the shading device cannot be used during the maintenance and repair.
Also, where the circuit board cannot be used on account of the break down thereof, the LCD module of good condition should be changed, and in view of the fact that the LCD module has a large majority of the unit cost of the shading device, it causes a serious waste of resources as well as an additional cost unnecessary to the user.
Accordingly, in order to solve the conventional problems, there is an increased desire for the shading device in which it can maintain and repair harmoniously and prevent the unnecessary waste of resources.


A method for preparation of a biaxially stretched polyester film with good slip and release properties comprising coating an acrylic resin-based aqueous resin compound, which is derived from adding an amino-modified silicone compound having the structural formula (1), a waxy additive and inert inorganic particles to an acrylic resin, on at least one surface of a mono-axially stretched polyester film, drying the polyester film coated with the aqueous resin compound, mono-axially stretching the dried polyester film in a direction perpendicular to that of the previous mono-axial stretching and heat-treating the stretched polyester film: ##STR1## wherein R' is a hydroxyl group, a methyl or an ethyl; R" is a hydrogen carbide which has 0 to 10 carbon atoms and to which NH or NH.sub.2 is bonded; m is an integer in the range of 5 to 1,000; n is an integer in the range of 100 to 20,000; and n/(m+n)=0.5.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates in general to a method for preparation of polyester films, and more particularly to a method for preparing biaxially stretched polyester films with high levelness and excellent release and slip properties by applying thereon a surface coating layer.
2. Description of the Prior Art
As is well known to those skilled in the art, known polyester films, particularly biaxially stretched polyester films, have excellent intrinsic properties, such as optical, mechanical and electrical properties, dimensional stability, heat resistance and chemical resistance. Thus, they have recently been widely used for graphic art films, photo films, magnetic tape films, electrical insulation films, packing films, etc..
However, there occur several problems in processes, such as a printing process, a laminating process, a coating process and the like, for preparation of the several types of polyester film products using the known polyester film. For example, scratches may be easily generated on the film surface due to rolls with which the polyester film comes into close contact during the processes. Furthermore in this case, the higher the processing velocity increases the more scratches are generated. In addition, the hot and humid atmosphere of the processes for preparing the film product detrimentally affects the slip property of the polyester film and this introduces several problems in working performances, for example, run ability of the polyester film and wind ability of the film product, of the polyester film.
On the other hand, when the known polyester film is used for a release material in a fiberglass reinforced plastics (FRP) molding process, the release property of the release material is reduced at the interface between the FRP resin and the release material. Furthermore, the FRP curing conditions influence the release effect of the release material. Therefore, the release material may partially adhere to the FRP resin and, moreover, the sheet molding resin may adhere to the release material as it is heated.
As a result, the known polyester films used for the release films in the FRP forming process have a problem in that they, particularly when they are very thin, may easily tear and/or be delaminated during the mechanical taking-up process thereof, thus causing the forming product to be damaged and, in this respect, to be inevitably reduced in its quality.
Furthermore, this problem of the known polyester film particularly happens when one polyester film is repeatedly used several times. Thus, it is desired to provide a polyester film which is capable of maintaining its own slip and release properties irrespective of repeated use.
To impart excellent slip and release properties to the polyester film, it is preferred to apply at least one surface of the polyester film, a silicone resin as is well known to the art.
Conventionally, the silicone resin is applied to the polyester film surface and is then thermally cured thereon; in the presence of a curing agent. However, this silicone resin intrinsically has an excellent release property so that it has deficient adhesion with respect to the base film. Additionally, if the silicone resin coating layer is strongly rubbed, it may be partially delaminated so as to make the coated product cloudy and, moreover, it may be relatively easily scaled off. Here, the tackiness of the silicone resin layer, with respect to the base film, is gradually reduced as time goes by and the reduction of the tackiness of the silicone resin layer is accelerated when the interface between the silicone resin layer and the base film surface is exposed to the atmosphere.

Method for preparation of polyester films with good release and slip properties


A sheet material handling apparatus having a rotatable drum and clamps for holding the sheet material on the drum during high speed rotation. The clamps are arranged to rely on centrifugal force as the primary operational clamping force during the high speed rotation. One clamp is eccentrically mounted on a pivot axis with a greater mass on a segment of the clamp adapted to pivot away from the drum surface during high speed rotation. A second clamp is contacted by a slidable counterweight mounted on the drum opposite the central rotation axis of the drum from the second clamp such centrifugal force of the counterweight enhances clamping of the sheet material to the drum surface.

Many applications require the temporary securing of a flexible sheet of material to a rotatable drum. Apparatus such as electrostatic copiers and facsimile machines as well as photographic and graphic film/print apparatus are examples of equipment requiring the supporting of a sheet of paper or film during the reading and writing processes.
Specific examples of such apparatus are found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,033,575-Fujimoro and U.S. Pat. No. 4,807,868-Lippold which show two types of automatic sheet feed and delivery apparatus employing rotatable cam and lever mechanisms for controlling clamps that hold the sheet material on the drum. The apparatus shown in the '575 patent has the disadvantage that very complex and costly apparatus is employed in the clamping arrangement that becomes difficult and expensive to operate and maintain. In the '867 patent, less complex leading and trailing edge clamps are shown for securing the sheet to the drum which relies on the spring tension of the clamps themselves for the securing force. This latter arrangement has the disadvantage of having the clamps being susceptible to centrifugal force, reducing the spring tension applied to the sheet clamps and, as a consequence, reducing the sheet holding properties of the clamp arrangement which can be a particular problem at higher rotational speeds.
It is apparent from the foregoing that there is a need for relatively simple and easy to operate and maintain apparatus for a rotating drum sheet handler that reliably retains the sheet material on the drum in the face of centrifugal forces encountered during rotation of the drum that adversely affect the clamping action of the sheet material clamps. The present invention satisfies this need.
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a new and improved apparatus for mounting a flexible sheet of material securely onto a rotatable drum.
It is another object of the invention to provide an apparatus for supporting a flexible sheet of material securely on a rotatable drum with minimal contact to the major area of the outfacing sheet surface.
A further object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for securing a sheet of flexible material to a drum which is particularly suited for high-speed rotation of the drum.

Apparatus for securing flexible sheet material to a rotatable drum surface


An image-capturing unit generates an image signal corresponding to an image of a subject formed by a photographing optical system. A point spread function generating unit generates varying point spread functions corresponding to various distances based upon two-dimensional distance distribution information indicating the two-dimensional distance distribution of the subject detected by a distance detection unit and an image blur signal indicating an image blur occurring during the exposure period which is detected by a blur detection unit. An image repair unit divides the image signal into partial images based upon the distance distribution information, executes image processing to repair the blur in the individual partial images by using the point spread functions corresponding to the various distances and creates a whole image by synthesizing the partial images in which the blur has been repaired.

There is a technology known in the related art for repairing an image, the quality of which has deteriorated due to an unsteady hand movement (hereafter referred to as a blurred image) and correcting the original image to a blur-free state. For instance, the image generating apparatus disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. S62-127976 expresses the extent of image quality deterioration caused by an unsteady hand movement during the photographing operation through a point spread function and repairs the blurred image based upon the point spread function.
However, the desired results are not always achieved by repairing an image obtained through an actual image-capturing operation with the image generating apparatus described above. For instance, blurs in an image having a plurality of objects present over varying distances within a single image plane and in a close-up image cannot be repaired to a satisfactory degree.

Image creating device and image creating method


An improved pigment-coated paper is provided which enables the use of a non-acidic basesheet in the manufacture of a fragrance release paper. The non-acidic basesheet, compared to the conventionally used acidic basesheet, is brighter and less brittle, and therefore imparts improved visual effects and reduces the likelihood of cracking. The clay-based coating composition is mildly alkaline when wet (pH between 7.5 and 8.5) and upon drying on the basesheet, becomes mildly acidic (pH between 6.0 and 7.0). A method of making the improved pigment-coated paper using a non-acidic basesheet in the manufacture of a fragrance release paper is provided, comprising the steps of preparing the basesheet, applying the premixed pigment coating composition using rollers and blade leveling devices, and drying the pigment coating composition. A fragrance sample construction, for use in magazines, catalogs, leaflets, etc., is provided comprising a burstable fragrance in a releasable adhesive between two opposing segments of the improved sheet of pigment coated paper where one of the segments overlaps a portion of the other segment so that the separation of the two segments releases the sample fragrance.

The prior art has provided numerous sampler devices for use in connection with promotion of the sale of fragrances and other products. Known samplers typically are inserted into magazines and catalogs, are used as statement enclosures, or are handed out individually by salespersons at retail establishments. Such samplers typically are of a non-laminar construction and comprise one sheet of a substrate, such as paper, which sheet is temporarily bonded to itself with an adhesive. Microencapsulated fragrance oil is disposed within the adhesive, such that the adhesive both bonds the microcapsules to the substrate sheet and binds together the interior faces of the substrate sheet. When a user separates the sheets, some or all of the microcapsules rupture, thereby releasing the fragrance contained therein for evaluation by the user. A layer of a barrier material, such as a plastic or metal foil, may be utilized to overwrap the sampler to prevent leakage of the fragrance from the sampler. For instance, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,188,236, 5,391,420, 4,925,517, and 4,817,860 all disclose releasing fragrance samples through bursting microcapsules adhered to a substrate paper or cardboard backing.
For the manufacturing of fragrance release paper, coated paper is typically preferred and is a conventional and standard item in commerce. It is generally a fibrous sheet having a pigment-bearing resinous coating on one or both sides. Usually the pigment provides a white, bone or ivory coloration to the sheet and typical pigments for producing the commonly used white coated paper are fine white pigment such as clay, calcium carbonate, titania, silica, zinc oxide, etc. A colorless and/or transparent binder, comprising generally synthetic or natural organic polymeric material, is used. The fragrance, incorporated in microcapsules in a suitable formulation, i.e., in a binder or adhesive, is then applied on top of the pigment-bearing coating.
One critical property to prevent the discoloration of the fragrance is that the surface pH of the coating is 7.0 or less. The fragrance formulations are very sensitive to calcium carbonate and pH. Historically the discoloration has been successfully prevented using an acid based base-sheet (pH 4-6.5) without any calcium carbonate in the base sheet, which is then coated with a kaolin clay based formulation.
However, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,737,239, it is known that considerable disadvantages must be accepted when manufacturing paper under acid conditions, for example the insufficient storage stability and mechanical strength of the acid-sized paper, the acid waste-waters resulting from the process, and the use of relatively expensive fillers such as kaolin or montmorillonite which have to be added on account of the acid pH value of the fiber-suspensions. The acid pH value of the fiber suspension may also cause corrosion in sensitive paper machines and, in addition, rules out the addition of inexpensive fillers such as calcium carbonate, especially chalk. As chalk imparts a high degree of whiteness to the sized paper, a disproportionately large amount of fluorescent whitening agent has to be added in the process for the manufacture of acid-sized paper so as to obtain a sufficiently high degree of whiteness. The acid based paper also has high brittleness which could result in cracking. Finally, it must be mentioned that, according to German "Offenlegungsschrift" U.S. Pat. No. 2,459,165, relatively large amounts of sizing agents are required for processing fiber suspensions to paper.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved pigment-coated paper which enables the use of a non-acidic basesheet in the manufacture of a fragrance release paper.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved pigment-coated paper which is brighter and less brittle for use in the manufacture of a fragrance release paper.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing an improved pigment-coated paper which enables the use of a non-acidic basesheet in the manufacture of a fragrance release paper.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing an improved pigment-coated paper which is brighter and less brittle for use in the manufacture of a fragrance release paper.
It is still another object of the invention to provide a fragrance release paper construction for delivering a sample of fragrance suitable to use as an insert in a magazine or incorporation into a leaflet.


A web page development application provides simultaneous display of a browser view and the corresponding descriptor language source view. The application provides graphical editing of the browser view. The corresponding descriptor language source view is automatically generated so as to be consistent with the browser view upon prompting by the user. The web page development application allows separate editing of the browser view and corresponding descriptor language source view and cross-synchronization such that changes to one view will automatically update the other view when prompted by the user.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to how a linguistic definition of a graphical presentation, such as a Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) document may be created for reading by graphics presenting programs such as Internet browsers and the like. More specifically, the present invention pertains to real-time direct editing of a browser view of an HTML document.
2. Discussion of Related Art
Graphic presentations such as Internet accessible web pages on the World Wide Web may be linguistically specified in the form of HTML source documents. A web browser program reads the HTML descriptors in an HTML source file to generate and display the corresponding browser view (graphical presentation) of the HTML source file for the user. An end user usually is not interested in the details of the HTML source file which was read to generate the browser view of a web page he is viewing. However, a software developer who is designing a web page will typically want to directly access and edit the HTML source file in order to develop an artistically unique web page.
Conventionally, a software developer designing a web page will create an HTML source file using a text editor application. In order to see the corresponding browser view of the HTML source file, the software developer will invoke a browser application program to read the HTML source file and to generate and display the corresponding browser view. Based upon the viewing of the browser view through the browser application, the developer will modify the HTML source file through the text editor application to effectuate changes to the page.
This conventional development process requires both a browser application and a text editor application, and is somewhat inconvenient because the user must switch back and forth between the two applications to make a change in the HTML source file and then to see the result of the change in the browser view. In addition, the inability to graphically manipulate the browser view requires tedious, time-consuming iteration and specific knowledge of HTML descriptors in order to create the desired appearance of the browser view.
As is apparent from the above discussion, it would be advantageous to have a web page development application which facilitates more convenient and time-efficient development of graphical presentations such as web pages.
3. Reservation of Extra-Patent Rights, Resolution of Conflicts, and Interpretation of Terms
After this disclosure is lawfully published, the owner of the present patent application has no objection to the reproduction by others of textual and graphic materials contained herein provided such reproduction is for the limited purpose of understanding the present disclosure of invention and of thereby promoting the useful arts and sciences. The owner does not however disclaim any other rights that may be lawfully associated with the disclosed materials, including but not limited to, copyrights in any computer program listings or art works or other works provided herein, and to trademark or trade dress rights that may be associated with coined terms or art works provided herein and to other otherwise-protectable subject matter included herein or otherwise derivable herefrom.

Unified program for simultaneously displaying graphically-editable graphics presentation and linguistically-editable linguistic definition of the graphics presentation and for synchronizing the graphics presentation and the linguistic definition to one another


In a method of manufacturing a high tensile strength thick steel plate, a steel slab contains 0.03-0.055% of C, 3.0-3.5% of Mn, and 0.002-0.10% of Al, the amount of Mo is limited to 0.03% or less, the amount of Si is limited to 0.09% or less, the amount of V is limited to 0.01% or less, the amount of Ti is limited to 0.003% or less, the amount of B is limited to 0.0003% or less, and of which Pcm value representing a weld cracking parameter is fallen within the range of 0.20-0.24% and DI value representing a hardenability index is fallen within the range of 1.00-2.60, is heated to 950-1100° C. The steel slab is subjected to a rolling process with a cumulative draft of 70-90% when a temperature is in a range of 850° C. or more, and then, the steel slab is subjected to a rolling process at 780° C. or higher with a cumulative draft of 10-40% when a temperature is in a range of 780-830° C., and subsequently, accelerated cooling at a cooling rate of 8-80° C./sec is started from 700° C. or higher and is stopped at a temperature between room temperature and 350° C.

High tensile strength steel plates with a tensile strength of 780 MPa or more which are used as welding structural members for construction machines, industrial machines, bridges, buildings, ships and the like are required to have, in addition to compatibility between high strength and high toughness of a base material, high preheating-free high weldability and excellent low-temperature toughness of a welded joint with an increase in the need for constructional members with a high strength and an increase in use in cold regions. In addition, thick steel plates of 780 MPa or more which satisfy all such features and can be manufactured at low cost in a short construction time are required to have a thickness of up to about 40 mm. Therefore, steel plates are required to satisfy all three features, (a) high strength and high toughness of a base material, (b) a preheating-free characteristic in low heat input welding where the heat input amount is 2.0 kJ/mm or less, and (c) low-temperature toughness of a welded joint, with a low-cost component system in a short construction time and low cost manufacturing process.
As a conventional method of manufacturing high tensile strength thick steel plates of 780 MPa or more which have high weldability applied thereto, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose a method with direct hardening and tempering, including processes of directly hardening a steel plate in an on-line process immediately after the steel plate is rolled, and subsequently tempering the steel plate.
Regarding methods of manufacturing high tensile strength thick steel plates of 780 MPa or more involving no thermal refining, for example, Patent Documents 4 to 8 disclose manufacturing methods which are excellent in terms of manufacturing time period and productivity from the viewpoint that a reheating tempering heat treatment can be omitted. Among these Patent Documents, Patent Documents 4 to 7 disclose manufacturing methods which use an accelerated cooling mid-course stoppage process in which accelerated cooling after rolling of a steel plate is stopped in mid-course, and Patent Document 8 discloses a manufacturing method in which air cooling is performed after rolling to cool the temperature down to room temperature.    Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. H03-232923    Patent Document 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. H09-263828    Patent Document 3: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2000-160281    Patent Document 4: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2000-319726    Patent Document 5: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2005-15859    Patent Document 6: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2004-52063    Patent Document 7: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2001-226740    Patent Document 8: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. H08-188823

Method of manufacturing high tensile strength thick steel plate


The present embodiments provide a medical device for implantation in a patient comprising a stent and a valve. The stent comprises a proximal region comprising a cylindrical shape having a first outer diameter in an expanded state, and a distal region comprising a cylindrical shape having a second outer diameter in the expanded state. The second outer diameter is greater than the first outer diameter. A proximal region of the valve is at least partially positioned within the proximal region of the stent, and the distal region of the valve is at least partially positioned within one of tapered and distal regions of the stent. When implanted, the proximal region of the stent and the proximal region of the valve are aligned with a native valve, and the distal region of the valve is distally spaced-apart from the native valve.

The present embodiments relate to implantable medical devices, and more particularly to an implantable medical device for the repair of a damaged endoluminal valve, such as an aortic valve.
The aortic valve functions as a one-way valve between the heart and the rest of the body. Blood is pumped from the left ventricle of the heart, through the aortic valve, and into the aorta, which in turn supplies blood to the body. Between heart contractions the aortic valve closes, preventing blood from flowing backwards into the heart.
Damage to the aortic valve can occur from a congenital defect, the natural aging process, and from infection or scarring. Over time, calcium may build up around the aortic valve causing the valve not to open and close properly. Certain types of damage may cause the valve to "leak," resulting in "aortic insufficiency" or "aortic regurgitation." Aortic regurgitation causes extra workload for the heart, and can ultimately result in weakening of the heart muscle and eventual heart failure.
After the aortic valve becomes sufficiently damaged, the valve may need to be replaced to prevent heart failure and death. One current approach involves the use of a balloon-expandable stent to place an artificial valve at the site of the defective aortic valve. Another current approach involves the positioning of an artificial valve at the site of the aortic valve using a self-expanding stent. The normal aortic valve functions well because it is suspended from above through its attachment to the walls of the coronary sinus in between the coronary orifices, and it has leaflets of the perfect size and shape to fill the space in the annulus. However, these features may be difficult to replicate with an artificial valve. The size of the implantation site depends on the unpredictable effects of the balloon dilation of a heavily calcified native valve and its annulus. Poor valve function with a persistent gradient or regurgitation through the valve may result. In addition, different radial force considerations may be needed at the different locations for the prosthesis to optimally interact with a patient's anatomy. Still further, it is important to reduce or prevent in-folding or "prolapse" of an artificial valve after implantation, particularly during diastolic pressures.

Stent structures for use with valve replacements


A display substrate and a preparation method thereof, and a display panel are provided. The display substrate includes at least one first sub-pixel and at least one second sub-pixel, the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel have different display directions, the first sub-pixel includes a first light-emitting element, the second sub-pixel includes a second light-emitting element, each of the first light-emitting element and the second light-emitting element has a light-emitting structure, the light-emitting structure includes a first reflective layer, a light emitting layer and a second reflective layer which are sequentially stacked, the second reflective layer is located on a light emergent side of the display substrate, and an area of the first reflective layer is larger than an area of the second reflective layer.

As compared with a two-dimensional display technology, a three-dimensional display technology makes a display image more stereoscopic and more authentic, so the three-dimensional display technology is more and more favored by users; especially, a naked-eye three-dimensional display technology has got rid of bondage of glasses and has a broader application prospect.
However, as compared with the two-dimensional display technology, a current three-dimensional display product displays an image with relatively low brightness and resolution, which affects a user's experience.

Display substrate and preparation method thereof, and display panel

CHENGDU BOE OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.


A filter module with a perforated inner tube (20) and a concentric, perforated outer tube (22), forming an interposed annular gap for a filter membrane (10) pleated into folds. The membrane folds (11, . . . ) are of different fold types with differing fold heights, extend from a respective fold edge (111, . . . ) resting against the outer tube towards the inner tube to the respective fold tip (114, . . . ) and are arranged along the circumference of the annular gap as groups of folds (11, . . . ) of different types. Each group has a mating fold (15) which extends from a mating fold edge (151) resting against the inner tube towards the outer tube to the mating fold tip (154). The height of the mating fold is no more than the difference between the width of the annular gap and the height of the fold type with the shortest height of the same group.

Generic filter modules are used in a very wide variety of industrial areas. During operation, liquid to be filtered is pumped substantially radially through the filter module. In particular, liquid can be pumped axially into the inner tube, which is closed at the outlet side, under positive pressure, from which inner tube the liquid passes through the perforations of the inner tube into the annular gap, passes through the filter membrane there and exits the filter module again through the perforations in the outer tube. In this case, the filter membrane, in terms of its properties, is matched to the respective filtration task, and may be configured for example as a film, as a porous membrane, as a nonwoven, as a fabric, as a mixture thereof or in a similar manner with one or more layers. All of these configurations, which are not relevant to the present invention, are to be combined here under the term filter membrane. What is decisive for the service life of a filter module—that is to say essentially for the total volume which can be filtrated before the filter becomes significantly less effective owing to filtration deposits and has to be replaced or regenerated—is the total area of the filter membrane that is accessible within the provided space of the annular gap. The known pleating arrangement of the filter membrane serves for maximizing the area thereof within the annular gap.
The cited document uses a periodic pattern of folds of differing fold height for the purpose of pleating. In this case, use is made of the fact that the space available in a circumferential direction increases from the inner wall of the annular gap to the outer wall thereof. In the present context, a fold is to be understood as meaning a symmetrical structure which is formed by bending the filter membrane and which extends from a fold opening, formed by two fold edges extending axially in the annular gap, to the fold tip thereof, formed by the bend. In generic filter modules, the fold edges of all the folds abut against the outer tube; owing to the differing fold heights, the fold tips project radially inward into the annular gap to different extents. The fold tips of the folds of that fold type having the largest fold height extend until they abut against the inner tube. The folds of those fold types having smaller fold height end, with their fold tips, at differing radii between the inner tube and the outer tube. Each fold, at each radius within its extent region, occupies in a circumferential direction a space which corresponds to at least twice the filter membrane thickness. Those folds which do not pass radially through the entire annular gap self-evidently do not occupy any space in a circumferential direction in the region between their fold tip and the inner tube. By staggering folds of different fold type, that is to say of differing fold height, it is possible—according to the approach of the generic document—for the space available in a circumferential direction to be filled almost optimally for each radius. Folds of different fold type are therefore grouped into groups having a specific pattern, that is to say a specific sequence of differing fold lengths, with the groups being repeated periodically in a circumferential direction.
WO 2004/028659 A1, and also EP 1 595 590 A1, JPS6417308 U and JPS6061017 A, follow the same concept too.
A disadvantage with the known pleating arrangements is a utilization of space which is actually sub-optimal. For thick filter membranes in particular, the addition of an additional fold of small fold height leads to the fold tips of those folds having the largest fold height, that is to say a fold height which projects as far as the inner tube, abruptly moving apart. Those regions of the interior which are close to the inner tube are no longer optimally filled. This can be remedied through the use of folds with excess length, that is to say through the use of folds whose fold height is larger than the width of the annular gap. The folds with excess length are compressed in the region of their fold tips during the insertion into the annular gap and curve in the manner of a bulge in a circumferential direction. It is alternatively also known, in particular from the aforementioned generic document, to introduce the pleated filter membrane into the annular gap using torsional forces such that the folds are bent in the manner of a C-shaped bend, in order in this way to create space even for the folds with excess length. However, both approaches complicate the insertion of the pleated filter membrane into the annular gap; in particular, the use of special machines is essential.
Furthermore, J P 2007-050313 has disclosed a fold-type filter cartridge whose filter material is pleated into folds and counter-folds, the latter extending according to the reverse arrangement, that is to say from their respective fold edges, which are in abutment radially at the inside, radially outwardly to their respective fold tip. In this case, the tips of the folds and counter-folds overlap in order, in this way, to prevent the folds from bending. This known pleating arrangement, too, does not optimally utilize the available space.


Provided is a reflective mask blank with which it is possible to further reduce the shadowing effect of a reflective mask, and also possible to form a fine and highly accurate phase-shift pattern. A reflective mask blank having, in the following order on a substrate, a multilayer reflective film and a phase-shift film that shifts the phase of EUV light, said reflective mask blank characterized in that: the phase-shift film has a first layer and a second layer; the first layer comprises a material that contains at least one element from among tantalum (Ta) and chromium (Cr); and the second layer comprises a metal-containing material that contains ruthenium (Ru) and at least one element from among chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), and rhenium (Re).

Types of light sources of exposure apparatuses in manufacturing semiconductor devices have been evolving while wavelengths thereof have been shortened gradually like a g-line having a wavelength of 436 nm, an i-line having a wavelength of 365 nm, a KrF laser having a wavelength of 248 nm, and an ArF laser having a wavelength of 193 nm. In order to achieve further finer pattern transfer, extreme ultra violet (EUV) lithography using EUV having a wavelength in the neighborhood of 13.5 nm has been developed. In the EUV lithography, a reflective mask is used because there are few materials transparent to EUV light. This reflective mask has a basic structure in which a multilayer reflective film that reflects exposure light is formed on a low thermal expansion substrate and a desired pattern for transfer is formed on a protective film for protecting the multilayer reflective film. In addition, typical examples of the structure of the pattern for transfer include a binary type reflection mask and a phase shift type reflection mask (a half-tone phase shift type reflection mask). The binary type reflection mask has a relatively thick absorber pattern that sufficiently absorbs EUV light. The phase shift type reflection mask has a relatively thin absorption pattern (a phase shift pattern) that reduces EUV light by light absorption and generates reflected light having a phase substantially inverted (a phase inverted by approximately 180 degrees) with respect to reflected light from the multilayer reflective film. This phase shift type reflection mask has a resolution improving effect because high transfer optical image contrast can be obtained by a phase shift effect, as with a transmission type optical phase shift mask. In addition, since the film thickness of the absorber pattern (the phase shift pattern) of the phase shift type reflection mask is thin, a fine and highly accurate phase shift pattern can be formed.
In the EUV lithography, projection optical systems including a large number of reflecting mirrors are used due to light transmittance. Then, EUV light is made obliquely incident on the reflective mask to cause these reflecting mirrors not to block projection light (exposure light). At present, an incident angle is typically 6 degrees with respect to a vertical plane of a reflection mask substrate. Along with the improvement of a numerical aperture (NA) of the projection optical system, studies are being conducted toward making the incident angle about 8 degrees that is a more oblique incident angle.
In the EUV lithography, since the exposure light is obliquely incident, there is a specific problem called a shadowing effect. The shadowing effect is a phenomenon in which exposure light is obliquely incident on an absorber pattern having a three-dimensional structure, whereby a shadow is formed and a dimension and position of a transferred and formed pattern change. The three-dimensional structure of the absorber pattern serves as a wall to form a shadow on a shade side, and the dimension and position of the transferred and formed pattern change. For example, a difference occurs in a dimension and position of a transfer pattern between both cases, a case where the orientation of the absorber pattern to be arranged is parallel to a direction of obliquely incident light and a case where the orientation of the absorber pattern to be arranged is perpendicular to the direction of the obliquely incident light, thereby decreasing transfer accuracy.
Patent Literatures 1 to 3 disclose techniques related to such a reflective mask for EUV lithography and a mask blank for manufacturing the same. In addition, Patent Literature 1 also discloses a shadowing effect. By using a phase shift type reflection mask as a reflective mask for EUV lithography, the film thickness of a phase shift pattern is made relatively thinner than the film thickness of the absorber pattern of the binary type reflection mask, whereby a decrease in the transfer accuracy due to the shadowing effect is reduced.

Reflective mask blank, reflective mask, method of manufacturing reflective mask, and method of manufacturing semiconductor device


An image forming apparatus according to an embodiment includes an input unit that receives a selection of a menu item from a plurality of menu items. A display control unit displays setting information corresponding to the selected menu item on a display unit. An image forming control unit performs image forming and processing according to the setting information when a predetermined condition is satisfied after the setting information is displayed on the display unit.

An image forming apparatus such as a Multi Function Peripheral (MFP) is an apparatus which forms an image on a sheet such as paper. The image forming apparatus includes an input unit which receives an input for selection of a menu. When the menu is selected, an image forming apparatus in the related art sets the image forming apparatus according to setting information of an item included in the menu. Then, the image forming apparatus in the related art performs a job by pressing a start button.
However, a user may not confirm contents of a detailed item registered in the menu if each setting screen is not displayed according to an operation.

Image forming apparatus with menu display and method for controlling the same


A method and apparatus for applying exhaust gas analysis to simple combustion control systems wherein the fuel flow and air flow control devices are interconnected with fixed mechanical linkage, or interconnected by a single specific signal, between the fuel flow and air flow control devices. An apparatus and method are disclosed to automatically compensate the air-to-fuel ratio, pre-calibrated on a volume basis, for uncontrolled variations of air or fuel quality such as density, BTU content and the like so that the calibration of the rate of combustion air flow relative to the rate of fuel flow will always be substantially correct even while these flow rates are changing.

1. Field of Invention
This invention relates to the art of combustion of fuels and specifically to methods and apparatuses for optimizing the flow of air and fuel to the combustion apparatus to maximize combustion efficiency.
More specifically, this invention relates to simple combustion control systems employing mechanical linkage, or one specific unaltered signal, to position the fuel and air control devices to achieve the desired rate of energy release and also provide a means of maintaining the desired fuel to air ratio at all times despite variations in the qualities of the fuel or air. These variations can be caused by changes in density, moisture content, BTU value and the like, and by the method of this invention effectively overcoming the time lag existing between the formation of the fuel and air mixture and the analysis of exhaust gases.
2. Description of the Related Art
It is known in the art to adjust the combination of air and fuel being supplied to the combustion chamber to maximize the combustion efficiency. It is also known in the art to accomplish this through means of a mechanical linkage control. It is also known in the art to analyze the exhaust gases of the combustion process in order to determine whether or not proper combustion is taking place and what adjustments need to be made. It is also known in the art to provide a signal from an exhaust gas analyzer to drive different control mechanisms, such as valves and dampers.
When fuel is combusted with air, the flow of air and fuel must be controlled in a chemically correct relationship to achieve the most efficient combustion. A common way of achieving the desired air flow and fuel relationship is to interconnect the air flow regulating devices with the fuel control devices by means of mechanical linkages or control signals in a pre-calibrated manner. The mechanical linkages or control signals are pre-calibrated so that, as the rate of combustion is increased or decreased in response to the energy release requirements of the end user, the air and fuel control devices operate in a manner that provides the desired relationship between fuel flow and air flow regardless of the rate of combustion or energy release requirement of the combustion apparatus.
One disadvantage of the above-described system is that it is unresponsive to day-to-day variations in the atmosphere, fuel, and other factors which can affect the combustion equation. For example, variations in fuel qualities, and ambient temperatures, and moisture content of the combustion air, and the like can alter the chemical correctness of the pre-calibrated relationship between air flow and fuel flow. In such cases, the combustion process operates less efficiently.
The above-described changes to the desired chemical relationship between air flow and fuel flow are commonly detected by sensors which monitor the exhaust gases of the combustion chamber. The sensors can detect the amount of residual, unburned oxygen and/or the amounts of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or other substances in the products of combustion which exit the combustion chamber with the exhaust gases. Such detecting devices have been used in connection with various control devices to correct for the variations affecting the desired air flow to fuel flow chemistry. Most of these systems suffer from a relatively high installed cost and are complex. Further, many have inadequate performance and require specialized maintenance and the like.
To avoid the complexity and high installed cost of the prior art devices, this invention provides a relatively simple means of compensating for the effect of temperature and similar variations on the desired chemically correct pre-calibrated relationship between air flow and fuel flow. The invention enables the pre-calibrated relationship between fuel flow and air flow to be compensated for differences by adding a second moveable element to one or more of the prior art flow control devices.
The prior art flow control devices work on the principle of an established known relationship between the position of a moveable element or interconnected moveable elements designed to increase or decrease port area within the device through which the fluid can pass. By increasing the port area within the device, the rate of fluid flow can be increased. This relationship is commonly known as the "flow characteristic" of the flow control device.
It is known that the molecular content of the fluid flowing through the device increases or decreases with variations in temperature, solution, mixture strength, and other variations in the fluid's quality. Consequently, when the control device is used in a pre-calibrated manner to deliver a desired chemically correct rate of flow, the flow characteristic of the flow control device must be altered to compensate for the effect of the temperature difference or other variation in fluid quality. This invention provides a means for such flow control device to also have the capability to compensate for variations in temperature, fluid qualities, etc. This invention correctly adjusts the pre-calibration between the rate of combustion air flow control device and the rate of fuel flow control device to compensate for uncontrolled variations in air or fuel quality so that at any and all air and fuel rates of flow the pre-calibrated relationship between the air and fuel control devices will be substantially correct before, during and after rate of flow changes. The method of this invention largely overcomes the detrimental effect of the time lag existing between the point of fuel and air mixture formation and the exhaust gas analysis relating to that specific mixture This invention further provides a fail safe mechanism which permits the combustion process to proceed safely without interruption should faults occur in the exhaust gas analyzer, controller, or motion generation means for positioning the compensating second moveable element.


The present invention prevents a decrease in efficiency due to energy circulation in a power transmission path in a power output apparatus having an engine and a motor as power source. In the power output apparatus, a planetary gear 120 has a sun gear shaft linked with a generator MG1, a ring gear shaft linked with a motor MG2, and a planetary carrier linked with an output shaft of an engine 150. The power output apparatus carries out a control procedure to avoid energy circulation, which goes through the planetary gear 120, the motor MG2, and generator MG1, and the planetary gear 120, and thereby prevent a decrease in efficiency. The energy circulation occurs when the motor MG2 converts the power output from the engine 150 to electric power and the generator MG1 carries out power operation with the regenerated electric power. The control procedure monitors a torque command value of the motor MG2 and shifts a driving point of the engine 150 to another driving point of higher revolving speed when the torque command value is not greater than a threshold value Tref.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a power output apparatus and a method of controlling the same. More specifically the present invention pertains to a power output apparatus for outputting power to a drive shaft and a method of controlling such a power output apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
Known power output apparatuses for carrying out torque conversion of power output from an engine and outputting the converted power to a drive shaft include a combination of a fluid-based torque converter with a transmission. In such a power output apparatus, the torque converter is disposed between an output shaft of the engine and a rotating shaft linked with the transmission, and transmits the power between the rotating shaft and the output shaft through a flow of the sealed fluid. Since the torque converter transmits the power through a flow of the fluid, there is a slip between the output shaft and the rotating shaft, which leads to an energy loss corresponding to the slip. The energy loss is expressed as the product of the revolving speed difference between the rotating shaft and the output shaft and the torque transmitted to the output shaft, and is consumed as heat.
In a vehicle with such a power output apparatus mounted thereon as its power source, at the time when there is a large slip between the rotating shaft and the output shaft, that is, when a significantly large power is required, for example, at the time of starting the vehicle or running the vehicle on an upward slope at a low speed, a large energy loss in the torque converter undesirably lowers the energy efficiency. Even in a stationary driving state, the efficiency of power transmission by the torque converter is not 100%, and the fuel consumption rate in the conventional power output apparatus is thereby lower than that in a manual transmission.
In order to solve such problems, the applicants of the present invention have proposed a system that does not include the fluid-based torque converter but is provided with an engine having an output shaft, a generator having a rotating shaft, a planetary gear including a carrier, a sun gear, and a ring gear respectively linked with the output shaft of the engine, the rotating shaft of the generator, and a drive shaft, and a battery connected to the generator and a motor, and outputs the power from the engine or the electric power stored in the battery to the drive shaft as a desired power (JAPANESE PATENT LAYING-OPEN GAZETTE No. 50-30223).
In the proposed power output apparatus, the power output from the engine that is driven at an arbitrary driving point is divided by means of the planetary gear into power transmitted to the generator and power transmitted to the drive shaft. In case that the power output from the engine is output to the drive shaft as the decreased revolving speed and the increased torque, the power transmitted to the generator is regenerated as electric power, which is used to drive the motor linked with the drive shaft and apply the torque to the drive shaft. In case that the power output from the engine is output to the drive shaft as the increased revolving speed and the decreased torque (that is, in the over-driver mode), on the other hand, the power transmitted to the motor is regenerated as electric power, which is used to drive the generator as a motor. Since the motor is linked with the drive shaft, in the over-drive mode, while the electric power regenerated by the motor is supplied to the generator, part of the power obtained by driving the generator is again regenerated as electric power by the motor before being output to the drive shaft by means of the planetary gear. This causes a circulation path, where part of energy circulates in the sequence of the motor, the generator, the planetary gear, and the motor. An increase in amount of circulated energy decreases the ratio of the energy of smaller loss, which is directly output from the engine to the drive shaft via the planetary gear, and thereby lowers the energy efficiency of the whole power output apparatus.

Power output apparatus and method of controlling the same


The present invention provides a radiation detector that can suppress a deterioration of image quality of a radiation image while suppressing the size of the radiation detector. Namely, a conductive layer configured by a conductive member is disposed at a portion that corresponds to at least the back side of the peripheral edge portion of a bias electrode, on the surface of an insulating substrate.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a radiation detector used in, for example, a medical X-rays imaging apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, a radiation detector such as an FPD (Flat Panel Detector) capable of directly converting radiation to digital data, has come into practical use. The radiation detector has a merit in that it can confirm an image at once in comparison with a conventional imaging plate. The radiation detector having the merit has rapidly become widespread.
Various types of radiation detectors have been proposed. Among such radiation detectors, there is, for example, a direct-conversion-type radiation detector that directly converts radiation to charges by a semiconductor layer and that stores the charges. Further, there is an indirect-conversion-type radiation detector that converts radiation to light once by a scintillator such as CsI: Tl, and GOS (Gd 2O2S: Tb), then converts the converted light to charges by a semiconductor layer, and that stores the charges.
A radiation detector has a bias electrode which is disposed on one surface of a semiconductor layer, formed on an insulating substrate, and applies a bias voltage. Together therewith, the radiation detector has plural collecting electrodes which are disposed on the other surface of the semiconductor layer, that collect charges. The radiation detector causes the semiconductor layer to generate an electric field by applying a bias voltage to the bias electrode. Further, the radiation detector collects the charges generated in the semiconductor layer by the collecting electrodes, and reads out the charges as information representing a radiation image.
An electrostatic capacitance (so-called, parasitic capacitance) is generated in an insulating substrate by an electric field generated by applying the bias voltage to the bias electrode, and thereby charges are generated. The charges generated in the insulating substrate changes by a peripheral environment such as temperature and humidity, the bias voltage, and an application time in which the voltage are applied. The change of the electrostatic capacitance generated between the insulating substrate and the collecting electrodes affects reading of the charges. In particular, many collecting electrodes are disposed in periphery the central portion of the semiconductor layer of the insulating substrate, opposing with the bias electrode. Therefore, since charge amount generated is small, the image is less affected by charges. However, in an edge portion of the semiconductor layer of the insulating substrate, only a small number of collecting electrodes is disposed opposing with the bias electrode. Further, a wrap-around of the electric field also occurs in the edge portion of the semiconductor layer. Therefore, the charge amount generated is large, and the image may be affected by charges.
As a technique for suppressing an influence to an image due to the change of the electrostatic capacitance, Japanese Patent No. 3818271 discloses a technique for preventing a change of an electrostatic capacitance between a bias electrode and an upper cabinet that protects a radiation detector. In this technique, a sealed member composed of a nonconductive material is disposed on the upper portion of the bias electrode (opposite side of a semiconductor layer).
Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A) No. 2001-53327 discloses a technique for preventing noise generated in a signal line by a capacitor coupling. In the technique, guard electrodes are disposed, in the peripheral portion of the semiconductor layer, between signal lines to which signals of charges collected by collecting electrodes flow, and a semiconductor layer. The technique of JP-A No. 2001-53327 prevents the capacitor coupling between the semiconductor layer and the signal lines. Thus, in the technique of JP-A No. 2001-53327, the guard electrodes are formed between the signal lines disposed on the semiconductor layer side of a substrate and the semiconductor layer.
Further, Japanese Patent No. 3311273 discloses a technique for preventing occasion of a dielectric breakdown caused by applying a high voltage to collecting electrodes from a peripheral portion of a semiconductor layer, by disposing dummy electrodes at peripheral portions. In this technique, the dummy electrodes are formed around the collecting electrodes (on the semiconductor layer side of a substrate) to prevent the high voltage from being applied to the collecting electrodes from the peripheral portion.
However, the technique of Japanese Patent No. 3818271 can not suppress a deterioration of image quality due to the change of the electrostatic capacitance between the collecting electrodes and the insulating substrate.
Further, there is considered a configuration for preventing the change of the electrostatic capacitance by disposing guard electrodes between signal lines and a semiconductor layer in the peripheral portion of a semiconductor layer, and by disposing dummy electrodes in the peripheral portion of the semiconductor layer, as disclosed in JP-A No. 2001-53327 and Japanese Patent No. 3311273. However, when the electrodes are disposed on the semiconductor layer side of a substrate, the electrodes must be disposed externally away with a predetermined distance from the collecting electrodes of the peripheral portion, to prevent discharges between the electrodes and the collecting electrodes. As a result, the size of a radiation detector increases.


An automatic shrink shock strut for use in conjunction with aircraft landing gear. The landing gear is of the type which includes a shock strut cylinder and a shock strut piston mounted coaxially therewith, and defining there between a shock strut shrink chamber filled with hydraulic fluid and a gas spring chamber filled with a pressurized gas. During retraction of the landing gear, the mechanism transfers the pressurized gas from the gas spring chamber to a transfer cylinder and therein drives a volume of hydraulic fluid from a hydraulic fluid supply in the transfer cylinder to the shock strut shrink chamber. The shock strut responds by shrinking to a shortened length. During extension of the landing gear the mechanism returns works in reverse and returns the pressurized gas to the gas spring chamber to drive the volume of hydraulic fluid from the shock strut shrink chamber back to the hydraulic fluid supply, thereby extending the landing gear to its normal length.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates in general to aircraft landing gear, and more particularly, to a an automatic shock strut which shrinks in size when the landing gear is retracted into the fuselage of the aircraft and returns to a normally extended position after the landing gear extends from the fuselage of the aircraft.
2. Background of the Related Art
In the design and manufacture of aircraft, it is generally desirable to minimize the space required by components of the aircraft. One approach to saving space in aircraft is to shorten the length of landing gear when it is retracted into a stowed position in the aircraft. The shortening of the landing gear may be required by the initial design of an aircraft or may be desired in order to minimize design changes in future generations of an existing aircraft.
A previous attempt to shorten the overall length of a shock strut during retraction is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,047,681 to Hartel. The disclosed invention provides for a shrinking aircraft landing gear strut including a mechanism for shortening the shock strut that reacts to the rotational movement of the shock strut when moving from the extended position to the retracted position. The mechanism is effective to force the shock strut piston to telescope into the shock strut cylinder of the shock strut. Disadvantages of the mechanism in the Hartel patent are that the shock strut piston is forced against the air pressure established in the shock strut, thereby placing undesirable stress on the shock strut sealing components. In addition, shrinking of the shock strut occurs throughout the movement of the landing gear from the extended position to the retracted position requiring the landing gear housing be somewhat larger than that which is necessary to store the landing gear. Still further, existing aircraft landing gear cannot be readily modified to incorporate such a configuration.
A number of systems have been proposed which avoid the actuator effort problem by the use of mechanically or electrically operated hydraulic valves that operate to relieve the pressure in the shock absorber during retraction. Systems which rely on valves to relieve the pressure have the disadvantage of adding to the weight, and complexity of the landing gear and retraction system. As a rule, designers seek to reduce the number of valves used in landing gear since valves tend to add to the number of possible failure points in the system. In addition, the accumulators that receive the pressurized fluid to relieve the pressure in the shock absorbing mechanism must also be accommodated, thereby decreasing the net space savings of the system.
Clearly there is a need in the art for a shock strut shrinking mechanism used with aircraft landing gear that requires a minimal number of parts enabling simpler installation and maintenance. There is also a need for a mechanism that is sufficiently compact so as to reduce linkage flexure. In addition, there is a need for a shock strut shrinking mechanism that requires a minimum number of airframe attachment points.

Automatic shrink shock strut for an aircraft landing gear


In a yarn feeding device having a winding element which is rotatingly drivable relative to a stationary housing and which has an outer, ring-like edge that overlaps an interior housing flange in an axially open gap portion, a catching element for catching dirt adhering to the inner surface of the edge is provided within an overlap at at least one point of the outer circumference of the housing flange, the catching element either projecting into the gap portion or receding from the gap portion.

In yarn feeding devices (with or without weft measuring device; with or without integrated brake ring; with rotatable winding element and stationary storage drum or with a rotatable storage drum as the winding element; for weaving machines or for knitting machines), there is a standardized construction used in the axial transition area from the housing to the winding element, as shown in EP 0 567 045 A1, FIG. 5 for a yarn feeding device with rotatable winding element and stationary storage drum. This means that an overlap with an open gap portion is provided between the annular edge of the winding element and the housing flange. The outer circumferential surface of the housing flange is smooth, as is the inner circumferential surface of the edge. Since the winding element rotates at a variable speed relative to the stationary housing flange, and since some clearance must be maintained between the ring and the housing flange because of manufacturing tolerances, the following phenomenon can be observed during operation of such a yarn feeding device: The processed yarn material constantly produces dirt, such as lint, dust, small fiber pieces, and the like, which tends to enter, inter alia, into the gap portion and to get stuck there and to travel gradually from the gap portion into the interior of the yarn feeding device, which may lead to operational malfunctions. Dirt gets, in particular, stuck to the inside of the ring, leading to the formation of a coherent dirt layer.
Attempts have already been made to integrate a fan into the yarn feeding device, wherein the fan comprises fan blades which rotate with the winding element, and produces a flow during operation in order to blow away dirt. As a result, however, dirt is increasingly sucked from the surroundings into the interior of the yarn feeding device.
It is known from U.S. Pat. No. 4,710,947 that the gap portion is designed in the manner of a labyrinth seal to make access more difficult for dirt. Nevertheless, deposits are formed that can grow inwards into the yarn feeding device.
It is the object of the present invention to improve a yarn feeding device of the above-mentioned type in a constructionally simple and inexpensive manner such that malfunctions caused by deposited dirt are largely avoided.


Electrocatalyst powders and methods for producing electrocatalyst powders, such as carbon composite electrocatalyst powders. The powders have a well-controlled microstructure and morphology. The method includes forming the particles from an aerosol of precursors by heating the aerosol to a relatively low temperature, such as not greater than about 400° C.

This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/815,380 filed on Mar. 22, 2001, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/589,710 filed on Jun. 8, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,753,108, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/532,917 filed on Mar. 22, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,660,680, which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/141,397, filed on Aug. 27, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,103,393, which in turn is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/028,029, now abandoned, Ser. No. 09/028,277, now U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,277,169 and 09/030,057, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,338,809, each filed on Feb. 24, 1998.

Membrane electrode assemblies for use in fuel cells


A torsion beam type suspension device comprises a pair of trailing arms (1) spaced from each other axially of an axle and connected at front ends thereof to a car body and at rear ends thereof rotatably supporting wheels through brackets, and a torsion beam (2) extending axially of the axle and interconnecting the pair of trailing arms (1) by connecting portions (6) at both ends, the rear ends of the pair of trailing arms (1) being connected to the brackets (8) through rubber cushions, whereby the steering stability can be improved without raising problems about cost, weight and space or without impairing NVH performance associated with road noise, trembling feeling and harshness.

Various kinds of torsion beam type suspension devices have been known as a rear suspension device of FF cars. This device comprises a pair of trailing arms fitted to right and left rear wheels, and a torsion beam to connect these trailing arms to each other. The trailing arms are pivotably supported by connecting a vibration isolating bush provided on a front end to a bracket of a car body in a rocking manner or by a toe-control link.
On the other hand, a wheel is supported rotatably by an axle fixed in the right-to-left direction of the car body through the fixed brackets at rear ends of the trailing arms. The brackets have been fixed to the trailing arms by welding or the like.
In recent years, the rear suspension device of high-class FF cars has been transferred from, so called, a rigid axle type and a torsion beam type to a double wishbone type or a multi-link type, and more sophisticated steering stability and ride quality performance have been demanded.
On the other hand, for example, in a rear suspension device of small FF cars of 1,500 cc class, no structure to sufficiently satisfy the characteristic requests for the steering stability and the ride quality performance has been available from the reasons of cost, weight and space. However, in recent year, a rear suspension device to satisfy the steering stability and the ride quality performance while satisfying the characteristic requests about cost, weight and space has been demanded even for the rear suspension device of FF cars of this class.
Further, various kinds of torsion beam axle type suspension devices have been known as rear suspension devices of compact to medium FF cars. These torsion beam axle type suspension devices comprises a pair of trailing arms 1001 fitted to right and left rear wheels 1005 through axle parts 1006 as illustrated in FIG. 29, and a torsion beam 1002 to connect these trailing arms 1001 to each other. The trailing arms 1001 are connected to a bracket 1004 on a car body (not shown) in a rocking manner through vibration isolating bushes 1003 provided on front ends. As shown in FIG. 28, the vibration isolating bushes 1003 is press-fitted in and fixed to a cylindrical opening part 1061 formed axially of an axle at front ends of the trailing arms, and in a structure thereof, a rubber elastic body 1054 of a predetermined thickness is vulcanization-bonded between outer cylinder 1053 and an inner cylinder 1052 which are concentric with each other. A suspension device having the vibration isolating bushes has a large number of advantages such as low cost, space saving and lightweightness.
However, this torsion beam axle type suspension device is basically connected to a car at two front end points of the pair of trailing arms, and the steering stability, the traveling stability, and the vibrational ride quality performance by vibration isolation bushes have been compatibly difficult. In other words, in the conventional torsion beam axle type suspension device, the toe change to the cornering force in the turn and to the braking force is in the toe-out trend on the turning outer wheel side, and is in a negative direction for the traveling stability of the car. In order to suppress the toe change, the rigidity of the vibration isolating bushes, in particular, the rigidity in the rotational direction around the transverse axis and the perpendicular axis has to be increased. On the other hand, from the aspect of the vibrational ride quality performance, it has been effective to reduce the rigidity, in particular, the rigidity in the longitudinal direction and the vertical direction. However, there has been a limit to satisfy every rigidity in each direction with the vibration isolating bushes at a pivot point, and each performance cannot be considerably improved, or performed compatibly.
Thus, an object of the present invention is to provide a torsion beam type suspension device to improve the steering stability and the ride quality performance without impairing characteristic requests about cost, weight and space.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an axle with rubber cushions for compatibly performing the steering stability, the traveling stability and the vibrational ride quality performance without impairing characteristic requests about cost, weight and space, and a torsion beam axle type suspension device using it.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide vibration isolating bushes for compatibly performing the steering stability, the traveling stability and the vibrational ride quality performance without impairing characteristic requests about cost, weight and space, and a torsion beam axle type suspension device using it.


A propylene resin composition having suitability to coating is disclosed which comprises (a) 100 parts by weight of a propylene-ethylene block copolymer comprising 60 to 95% by weight of a crystalline polypropylene unit and 5 to 40% by weight of an ethylene-propylene random copolymer unit, (b) 2 to 120 parts by weight of an ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer obtained by polymerization using a metallocene catalyst, containing 20 to 65% by weight of an .alpha.-olefin having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and having a melt flow rate of 0.5 to 40 g/10 min and a density of 0.85 to 0.90 g/cm.sup.3, (c) 0.1 to 120 parts by weight of a filler selected from talc, mica, and a fibrous filler, (d) 5 to 40% by weight of a propylene polymer having grafted thereto 0.1 to 25% by weight, based on the total polymer, of maleic anhydride or a hydroxyl-containing maleic anhydride derivative, and (e) 0 to 10% by weight of a hydroxyl-terminated diene polymer or a hydrogenation product thereof. A molded article obtained from the propylene resin composition can be coated with a melamine coating without cleaning with trichloroethane or primer coating to provide a coated article having high adhesion to the coating, appearance, and well-balanced high mechanical strength.

Propylene resin materials as various industrial parts are usually subjected to practical use as coated at least partly. However, because propylene resins have no polar group in their own structure, it is difficult to apply a coating directly thereon to obtain a sufficient coating adhesion for practical use. Improvement on adhesion of the molded article to a coating has been made in most cases by cleaning the surface of the molded article with trichloroethane (TCE) followed by primer coating or a plasma treatment.
However, these conventional coating methods have their several problems. That is, the use of TCE cleaning agent has been prohibited since 1995 by the Montreal protocol from consideration of global environmental conservation. Primer coating is costly because of expensiveness of a primer itself and also the increase in coating steps. Besides, the solvent in the primer must be evaporated, which involves a danger of fire.
The plasma treatment requires installment of expensive equipment for creating a high degree of vacuum and should be carried out in a batch system, which unavoidably increases the coating cost. Further, in recent years molded articles of complicated shape have been demanded. It is difficult to give a uniform plasma treatment to all the surfaces of an article having a complicated shape. Furthermore, if a plasma-treated surface is contacted with foreign matter, the adhesion of coating reduces, which may result in unevenness of coating performance. Therefore, considerable care should be taken in handling a plasma-treated article.
Omission of the cleaning treatment with TCE, primer coating and plasma treatment that have hitherto been required in coating propylene resin molded articles could lead to simplification of coating steps, improvement on the working environment, and reduction of cost. Many studies have so far been made in an attempt to omit these steps.
For example, a resin composition containing hydroxyl-modified polypropylene (JP-B-5-64660, the term "JP-B" as used herein means an "examined published Japanese patent application"), a resin composition containing unsaturated carboxylic acid-grafted polypropylene (JP-A-5-59231, the term "JP-A" as used herein means an "unexamined published Japanese patent application"), a resin composition containing a diene polymer, EPR, and maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene (JP-A-7-118488), and a resin composition containing a hydroxyl-containing hydrogenated copolymer and an elastomer (JP-A-7-149971) have been proposed to date.
However, when coated directly with a coating, molded articles of these resin compositions do not always have sufficient adhesion to the coating. In particular, where well-balanced high mechanical performance, especially high rigidity combined with high impact strength, is required of a molded article, either a TCE treatment or primer coating is virtually essential in order to obtain practically acceptable adhesive strength of coating.
Above all, when a melamine coating is used, it has been difficult to secure all of sufficient coating adhesion for practical use, satisfactory appearance, and well-balanced high mechanical strength (i.e., high rigidity and low-temperature impact strength).
The inventors of the present invention have previously proposed a propylene resin composition containing a filler, a specific elastomeric component, and a modified propylene polymer as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 6-178944 (corresponding to JP-A-8-041276). In this proposal, they have succeeded in achieving practically sufficient adhesion to coating and yet securing excellent physical properties in good balance with processability even when a melamine coating which generally exhibits poor adhesion is applied and baked at 140.degree. C., which is relatively lower than usually employed for baking, i.e., under a more strict condition.
There has been a tendency to reduce the thickness of a coating film provided on a molded article as well as the thickness of the molded article itself from the today's demand for cost reduction. To cope with this tendency, an improvement in adhesion to coating has been demanded. Because not a few molded articles are coated partially, an improvement in appearance (i.e., reduction of flow marks) of a molded article as molded or non-coated has also been demanded.

Propylene resin composition and coating method using the same


A new and distinct Torenia plant named ‘Dantomoon10’ characterized by having green foliage with reddish-green buds; plenty of delicate, funnel form, cup shaped flowers in shades of light violet-blue and violet with a distinctive yellow spot; vigorous, bush, cascading, rounded and compact growth habit; densely branched plant, gracefully cascading from hanging baskets; early flowering response and stays in full bloom season-long in moderate climate; suitable for use as an annual for hanging pots outdoors under partial shade; and good weather tolerance with preferred temperature range of 15 to 25° C.

The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Torenia plant, of the Scrophulariaceae family, hereinafter referred to by the cultivar name 'Dantomoon10'.
The new cultivar was originated from a cross made in a controlled breeding program by the inventor, Gabriel Danziger, in February of 2002 in Moshav Mishmar Hashiva, Israel. The female parent is the Torenia cultivar designated 'Blue Moon' (unpatented). The male parent is the Torenia cultivar designated 'Clown Mix' (unpatented). The new Torenia cultivar 'Dantomoon10' was discovered and selected by the inventor, Gabriel Danziger, as a flowering plant within the progeny of the stated cross in a controlled environment in Moshav Mishmar Hashiva, Israel.
Asexual reproduction of the new Torenia cultivar by soft tip cuttings was first performed in October of 2002 in Moshav Mishmar Hashiva, Israel, and has demonstrated that the combination of characteristics as herein disclosed for the new cultivar are firmly fixed and retained through successive generations of asexual reproduction. The new cultivar reproduces true to type.


A truss assembly for supporting showcases and the like includes a straight open box tube with end caps arranged for fitting over to close the box tube ends. A tension rod is fitted through the box tube and passes beneath a fulcrum arranged across the middle of the box tube, proximate to the inner surface of the box tube bottom, with the tension rod ends threaded and passed through holes that are formed through the end caps to receive a nut turned thereover. The nuts are turned against the end cap outer surfaces so as to create a tensile stress in the tension rod that is exerted through the fulcrum, tending to lift the fulcrum and box tube middle section, bowing the box tube upwardly counter a weight of a showcase containing items supported thereon, whereby the box tube is bent back to essentially a horizontal attitude. The truss assembly of the invention further provides for mounting the box tube ends to vertical support members so as to extend therebetween, maintaining a showcase thereon.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to pre-stressed supports for maintaining an item between end piers and in particular to horizontal beams for supporting display cases or showcases, and the like, maintained thereon.
2. Prior Art
Retail store display cases or showcases having glass covered or open faces that are supported on a wall surface, maintained on braces or supports, or arranged between piers and the like, for containing items for sale have long been known and are in common use. With arrangements where a display case or showcase is supported on a horizontal support member, such as a plate, channel, tubing, or the like, supported between upright piers, it is often the case that the weight of the display case or showcase will tend to bend that horizontal support downwardly, detracting from the appearance of the case and the products maintained therein. The present invention solves this problem by providing a pre-stressed beam arrangement that is bowed upwardly to counter the weight of a loaded display case or showcase where the beam is essentially horizontal.

Adjustable truss assembly for supporting showcases and the like


A system and method for allowing access to an aircraft network data processing system on an aircraft. A data processing device receives an expected measurement of software on the data processing device. The expected measurement is generated by a device other than the data processing device. The data processing device identifies an actual measurement of the software on the data processing device. The data processing device is connected to the aircraft network data processing system on an aircraft. The expected measurement and the actual measurement are sent from the data processing device to the aircraft network data processing system to determine whether the data processing device is allowed to access the aircraft network data processing system. The data processing device accesses the aircraft network data processing system in response to a determination that the data processing device is allowed to access the aircraft network data processing system.

1. Field
The present disclosure relates generally to verifying the integrity of devices, such as maintenance devices, connected to data processing systems on aircraft. Still more particularly, the present disclosure relates to verifying the integrity of such devices based on the configuration of the software on the devices, and where the configuration is not known by the data processing systems on the aircraft.
2. Background
Modern aircraft are extremely complex. For example, an aircraft may have many types of electronic systems on-board. These systems are often in the form of line-replaceable units (LRUs). A line-replaceable unit is an item that can be removed and replaced from an aircraft. A line-replaceable unit is designed to be easily replaceable.
A line-replaceable unit may take on various forms. A line-replaceable unit on an aircraft may be, for example, without limitation, a flight management system, an autopilot, an in-flight entertainment system, a communications system, a navigation system, a flight controller, a flight recorder, a collision avoidance system, a system to support maintenance functions, or a system to support crew processes. The various line-replaceable units on an aircraft may be parts of an aircraft network data processing system.
Line-replaceable units may use software or programming to provide the logic or control for various operations and functions. Typically, all software on an aircraft is treated as a separate part, or is combined with a hardware part and is unchangeable without changing the hardware part number. Aircraft software that is treated as an aircraft part may be referred to as a loadable software aircraft part or a software aircraft part. Software aircraft parts are parts of an aircraft's configuration.
Aircraft operators are entities that operate aircraft. Aircraft operators also may be responsible for the maintenance and repair of aircraft. Examples of aircraft operators include airlines and military units. When an aircraft operator receives an aircraft, software aircraft parts may be already installed in the line-replaceable units on the aircraft.
An aircraft operator may also receive copies of loaded software aircraft parts in case the parts need to be reinstalled or reloaded into the line-replaceable units on the aircraft. Reloading of software aircraft parts may be required, for example, if a line-replaceable unit in which the software is used is replaced or repaired. Further, the aircraft operator also may receive updates to the software aircraft parts from time to time. These updates may include additional features not present in the currently-installed software aircraft parts and may be considered upgrades to one or more line-replaceable units. Specified procedures may be followed during loading of a software aircraft part on an aircraft so that the current configuration of the aircraft, including all of the software aircraft parts loaded on the aircraft, is known.
An aircraft operator or other aircraft maintenance entity may perform maintenance operations on an aircraft. Some maintenance operations may be performed by connecting a maintenance device to the aircraft network data processing system. For example, the maintenance device may be a portable computing device, such as a laptop computer.
The maintenance device may include software stored on the device that is used to perform various maintenance operations on the aircraft. The maintenance device also may include other software stored on the device. It is desired that only maintenance devices from approved maintenance entities, including only approved software from trusted software suppliers, be allowed to access the aircraft network data processing system. For example, unapproved software on a maintenance device may include software that is corrupted, software that is infected with a virus, or other unapproved software. Unapproved software may affect the operation of the aircraft network data processing system in undesired ways if a maintenance device containing such software is allowed to access the aircraft network data processing system.
Systems and methods for providing network access control to ground-based computer networks are known. One solution that enables network operators to determine whether to grant access to a requested network infrastructure is defined by the architecture and standards for Trusted Network Connect (TNC) developed by the Trusted Computing Group (TCG). One aspect of the Trusted Network Connect solution for network access control is the use of a Trusted Platform Module (TPM). The Trusted Platform Module is a hardware security component that is currently included in many laptop and desktop computers. In the Trusted Network Connect architecture, the Trusted Platform Module is primarily used for remote attestation. During the boot sequence of a device to be connected to a network, the software and firmware components of the device are measured. Additional measurements may be made after the device is booted. The measurements may be made using a number of hash functions. The measurements are stored securely in the Trusted Platform Module. During a Trusted Network Connect handshake, these measurements are sent to a Trusted Network Connect server, where they are compared against the values for proper configurations. If the values do not match, the device may be infected and may be refused access to the network or quarantined.
Current systems and methods for network access control to entirely ground-based computer networks may not be applied effectively to mobile systems, such as aircraft. The particular environment in which network data processing systems on aircraft are operated and maintained makes it difficult or impossible to use such current network access control systems and methods for verifying the integrity of maintenance devices or other devices connected to an aircraft network data processing system. This is due partly to the fact that aircraft are often disconnected from back office networks and partly to the conventions for aircraft configuration control that are followed in aircraft maintenance operations.
Accordingly, it would be advantageous to have a method and apparatus that takes into account one or more of the issues discussed above, as well as possibly other issues.

Verification of devices connected to aircraft data processing systems


An electronic display system has a light transmissive panel, a region of display elements on the panel, and source lines coupled to the display elements. A demultiplexer circuit has multiple groups of pass gates. Each pass gate has a pair of complimentary on-panel transistors, and the signal outputs of each group are connected to a respective group of the source lines. A display driver integrated circuit (IC) receives video data and timing control signals. A signal input of each group of pass gates is connected to a respective output pin of the driver IC. The display driver IC provides digital timing control signals to control the pass gates of the demultiplexer circuit. Other embodiments are also described.

For many applications, and in particularly in consumer electronics devices, the relatively large and heavy cathode rate tube has been replaced by a flat panel display type, such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), plasma, or organic light emitting diode (OLED). A flat panel display screen contains an array of display elements. Each element is to receive a signal that represents the picture element (pixel) value, such as an intensity value of a particular color, or a gray scale value, to be displayed at that location of the screen. This pixel signal may be applied using a transistor, e.g. a pixel TFT that is coupled to and may be said to be integrated with the display element. The transistor may act as a switch element. It has a carrier electrode that receives the pixel signal, and a control electrode that receives a gate or select signal. The gate signal may serve to modulate or turn on and turn off the transistor so as to selectively apply the pixel signal to the coupled display element.
Typically, thousands or millions of copies of the display element and its associated switch element (e.g., an LCD cell and its associated control transistor) are produced in the form of an array, on a substrate such as a plane of glass or other light transparent material. The array is overlaid with a grid of data or source lines, and gate lines. The source lines serve to deliver the pixel signals to the carrier electrodes of the control transistors, and the gate lines serve to apply the gate or select signals to the control electrodes of the transistors. Each of the source lines is coupled to a respective group of display elements, typically referred to as a column of display elements, while each of the gate lines is coupled to a respective row of display elements. This type of active matrix allows individual display elements to be driven with their respective pixel signal values independently, using a raster scan approach. To do so, each gate or select line is coupled to a gate line driver circuit that is controlled by appropriate timing or clock signals so that it is driven in a vertical shift register fashion. In contrast, the source lines are driven by source line driving circuitry that operates in a horizontal shift register fashion. Together, the line-by-line scanning of the display element array can be achieved.
The source lines are coupled to a source line driver circuit that is within a display driver integrated circuit (or simply display driver IC). The latter translates incoming digital video or digital pixel values (for example red, green and blue digital pixel values) into analog pixels signals that have the appropriate timing, voltage swing and fan-out. The source line driver circuitry performs any needed voltage level shifting or amplification to produce a pixel signal with the needed fan-out or current capability, on each source line.
To reduce overall display system cost, the display driver IC has been encased and installed directly on the light transparent panel that is part of the display screen, rather than being reached via a flex circuit in an off-panel location on a printed circuit board. In addition, the gate line driver circuitry has typically been implemented using essentially TFT on-glass devices, rather than as part of the display driver IC which is built on a separately manufactured microelectronic semiconductor substrate using for example a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) fabrication process.
To help further reduce the costs of the system and in particular that of the driver IC, attempts have been made to reduce the number of external signal pins of the driver IC. This helps prevent the driver IC from becoming too large. This can be achieved by adding a demultiplexing (demux) function to the source line driving circuitry. The demux in effect allows a single analog external pin of the driver IC, which provides analog pixel signals, to be shared by several source lines or "channels" of the display element array. For example, in a red, green and blue (RGB) LCD panel, a 1:3 demultiplexing approach can be used to supply pixel signals to the three channels, where a group of three source lines are fed by three outputs of a demultiplexer circuit, sequentially from a single input of the demultiplexer circuit. The single input sequentially receives (as controlled by buffers in the display driver IC) red, green and blue analog pixel values. Such a demux circuit has been implemented as a number of single transistor, N-channel TFTs that are operated as switches under control of timing circuitry that is in the display driver IC.

Display panel source line driving circuitry


An extendable trailer comprising wheels carrying a fixed frame, and a fixed support tube carrying a plurality of bearings that support an extendable support tube passing through said fixed support tube. A portion of a trailer hitch supported on the extendable support tube and a fixed pipe carried inside the extendable support tube protecting wires for trailer lights and accessories. The trailer has a first extended position where the tongue is extended and the length of the trailer is the greatest and a second position where the tongue is collapsed back into the trailer.

Trailer transportation has existed for a long time. A common problem in boat trailers is the problem associated with backing a trailer into the water such that a boat can be floated off the trailer into the water. This commonly requires that the trailer be partially submerged in the water and that the vehicle transporting the boat be backed up either close to the edge of the water or more commonly partially into the water. Typically there is a sloped ramp designed for this purpose that slopes into the water. Accidents commonly occur where the transport vehicle ends up getting too deep in the water. The process is reversed upon retrieving the boat. Again the trailer and transport vehicle must be backed down the slope and partially into the water such that the boat can be driven back onto the trailer.
Patent application 2004/0075242 from Richards gives one example of a prior trailer designed with an extended tongue to assist in placing the boat in the water. While application 2004/0075242 discloses a potentially useful concept it is lacking. It fails to solve problems associated with the extension tongue concept such as how the wiring for the trailer lights would work and how the extension tongue can be kept from binding up under the weight of the boat.
As can be seen there is a need for a simple boat trailer that allows for safer access to the water when unloading or loading a boat from a trailer.