A sending node (405) is adapted for communication with several receiving nodes (410, 420) by transmitting information in the form of a regular data packet to at least one intended receiving nodes, said sending node comprising—means to receive, identify and store a priori information in feedback from receiving nodes (410, 420); —means (905) for forming a composite data packet from at least two regular data packets, said means arranged to use a priori information from said a priori information storage module (910) and to determine which multiple individual data packets to retrieve from a buffer module (920) for use in the composite data packet, said means being arranged to form a composite data packet from which the intended receiving node for each of the at least two regular packets can decode the composite packet to obtain at least one packet intended for it.

Wireless communication systems are currently undergoing a shift in technology, from the circuit switched technology in second generation systems like GSM to packet data switched systems in third generation and future communication systems. The change of technology is driven by the increasing demands on services other than voice communication, such as multimedia services and web browsing combined with requirements on efficient use of the scarce radio recourses and increased flexibility. The packet data based communication technology exhibits vast possible improvements compared to circuit switch technology with regards to flexibility, possible throughput (bit rate) and the possibility to adapt to changing radio environment.
One problem in packet based systems is that some packets may not be received by their intended recipients. This is generally solved by different types of retransmission procedures. To make retransmission procedures efficient, each receiver usually informs the sending unit about the packets it has received, for example, through acknowledgement messages. Packets that are not received by the intended recipient can be retransmitted. Such retransmission procedure is often denoted Automatic repeat request (ARQ)
ARQ may be beneficial in any communication systems, but is normally deemed vital for data communication over the air interface in cellular wireless communication systems. This is also true for multihop systems, also known as mesh network oriented systems, and in ad hoc oriented systems. The data is, prior to the transmission, typically divided into smaller packets, protocol data units (PDU). A reliable transfer is enabled by encoding packets with an error detecting code, such that the receiver can detect erroneous or lost packets and thereby request a retransmission. The data sequence integrity is normally accomplished by sequential numbering of packets and applying certain transmission rules.
In the most simple form of ARQ, commonly referred to as Stop-and-Wait ARQ, the sender of data stores each sent data packet and waits for an acknowledgement from the receiver of a correctly received data packet, by the way of a acknowledgement message (ACK). When the ACK is received, the sender discards the stored packet and sends the next packet. The process is typically supplemented with timers and the use of negative acknowledgement messages (NACK). The sending entity uses a timer, which is started on the transmission of a data packet, and if no ACK (or NACK) has been received before the timer expires, the data packet is retransmitted. If the receiver detects errors in the packet, it can send a NACK to sender. Upon receiving the NACK, the sender retransmits the data packet without waiting for the timer to expire. If the ACK or NACK message is lost, the timer will eventually expire and the sender will retransmit the data packet.
Some packets are received by other recipients than the intended recipient. Traditionally these packets have just been discarded as useless information.
Co-pending application PCT/SE2005/001144 discloses an improved scheduling and coding method and arrangement exploiting the fact that information is received by other nodes in the system than the initially designated receiving node. The method is suitable in communication systems utilizing automatic repeat request (ARQ) or multihop scheduling and forwarding, wherein the media is unreliable, is needed.
This co-pending application proposes a method and an arrangement facilitating the use of overheard information, which would have been discarded in conventional systems, for improving the encoding and scheduling in a sending node. According to the method each receiving node selectively stores received information as a priori information and feeds back information about their respective stored a priori information to a sending node, for example, in the form of Acknowledgements messages. The sending node forms packets, which will in this document be referred to as composite data packets. A composite data packet is formed by jointly encoding multiple data packets to multiple users into a single packet, i.e. the composite packet. The composite packet is formed and scheduled at least partly based on the feedback about the receiving nodes respective a priori information. The sending node transmits the composite data packet to a plurality of receiving nodes. Upon receiving a composite data packet the receiving nodes uses their stored a priori information in the process of extracting data for themselves from the composite data packets. In addition, and in combination with the a priori information feedback, the sending node may utilize conventional feedback, i.e. regular Acknowledgements, informing about received data packets that have been received by the designated receiver or receivers.
The solution described in the co-pending application is applicable in multiuser ARQ (MU-ARQ) that targets multiple Unicast ARQ (e.g. in cellular and multihop systems) sessions from a single sender, as well as in multihop systems where information overhearing may also stem from other senders than the sender node.
With the solution according to the co-pending application fewer data packets need to be sent from the sending node to the plurality of receiving nodes to achieve correct reception of transmitted data packets. The co-pending application proposes a method for optimizing the selection of packets to combine based on the Cartesian product.
In this case, the sender has information about the regular packets, composite packets, and partially decoded composite packets that have been received by the receivers, and based on this, at each transmit instant the sender can form a composite packet given the situation of a priori information in the receiver.

Method and arrangement for coding and scheduling in a retransmission communication system


An object is to provide a vacuum pump that enables, without being affected by a flow rate of gas to be discharged, concentrated and efficient heating of only a stator component of an exhaust side gas channel that needs to be heated in order to prevent deposition of products and that also enables prevention of deposition of products in the exhaust side gas channel as a result of the heating, and improvement of pump emission performance. The vacuum pump has a rotor rotatably arranged on a pump base and a gas channel through which gas sucked by rotation of the gas is guided to an outlet port, and further includes heat insulating means for thermally insulating a stator component, which forms an exhaust side gas channel in the gas channel, from other components and heating means for heating the thermally insulated stator component.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a vacuum pump including a rotor rotatably arranged on a pump base and a gas channel, through which gas sucked by rotation of the rotor is discharged.
2. Description of the Related Art
As a vacuum pump of this type, for example, a composite molecular pump described in Japanese Patent No. 3098140 has been known. The composite molecular pump in Japanese Patent No, 3098140 is configured such that rotors (6 and 3a) rotate to allow gas to be sucked through an inlet port (1a) and to allow the sucked gas to be discharged through an outlet port (1b) (see the description in Paragraph 0024 in Japanese Patent No. 3098140).
As depicted in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 in Japanese Patent No. 3098140, in the composite molecular pump described in Japanese Patent No. 3098140, an upstream gas channel included in a gas channel through which the sucked gas is discharged includes a plurality of rotor blades (2a) and stator blades (2b), and a downstream gas channel also included in the gas channel is shaped like a thread groove and includes a rotor (3a) and a stator (7a).
The composite molecular pump described in Japanese Patent No. 3098140 has a means for preventing products from being deposited in the downstream gas channel including the stator (7a) as a stator component as described above. In this means, the stator (7a) is thermally insulated by a heat insulating material (support members 9a, 9h, and 9c) and heated by heat radiated by the rotor (3a) and heat resulting from friction of gas flowing through the downstream gas channel (see the descriptions in Paragraphs 0025 and 0026 in Japanese Patent No. 3098140).
However, since the heating of the stator (7a) in the above-described scheme utilizes the heat radiated by the rotor (3a) and the heat resulting from the friction of the gas flowing through the downstream gas channel, the amount of heating changes according to the flow rate of the gas discharged through the downstream gas channel, unavoidably varying the temperature of the stator (7a). In particular, when the flow rate of the gas is low, the temperature of the stator (7a) fails to be elevated to a predetermined value, disadvantageously precluding deposition of products in the downstream gas channel from being effectively suppressed.
The discussion above is merely provided for general background information and is not intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. The claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any or all disadvantages noted in the background.


A telescopically extendable holder is removably attached to the tobacco pipe and supports the tobacco pipe a desired distance from a pipe smoker. The telescopically extendable holder includes a telescoping shaft having saleable members and connection elements adapted to removably attach the distal end of the telescoping shaft to the tobacco pipe in parallel to the stem of the pipe. The telescopically extendable holder is also adapted to support a cigar or a cigarette. A pocket clip is provided for clipping the holder to the apparel of the smoker. When disassembled, the connecting elements may be kept in the handle attached to a proximal end of the telescopic shaft.

Description of Prior Art
Tobacco pipes are well known in the art. Pipes generally include a receptacle adapted to receive a measured amount of tobacco and a stem piece which is hollow and has an end conveniently held in the mouth of the user. Another end of the stem is connectable to the receptacle so that, being in fluid communication with the receptacle, is capable of transmitting the products of combustion of the tobacco burned in the receptacle to the mouth of the user. The stem of a tobacco pipe can be, if desired, adjusted in length. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 33,225; 191,544; and 3,863,649 describe tobacco pipes, the stems of which include telescopically moveable members which are capable of telescopic sliding one within the other for reasons of length adjustment of the stem. These telescoping stems, however, do not constitute supporting or holding structures for pipes, but quite to the contrary, are integral to the pipes, and cannot be removed from the tobacco pipe without impeding the pipe to serve the purposes intended.
Cigar or cigarette holders are also known in the art. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 645,399 is directed to a cigar or cigarette holder which is formed by a plurality of tubular sections which are telescopingly joined. The telescoping arrangement of tubes is intended to carry the smoke from the burning tobacco to the user's mouth, thereby influencing the process, and therefore does not define a mere handle or mere support for the cigarette (or a cigar) which would extend in spaced relation with a passage for product of tobacco combustion, without any interference with the smoking process.
It is sometimes desirable for a pipe smoker to have an extendable holder for a tobacco pipe which may be removably integrated into the pipe in order to reach a remote location. For instance, if the pipe smoker was injured, and thereby experiences movement difficulties, he (or she) would need an extendable holder for the pipe which would facilitate the user to reach an ash tray located at a remote distance for removing ash from the pipe. This holder must constitute a separate device capable of being removable attached to a tobacco pipe, cigar, or cigarette without interfering with inherent smoke passages of tobacco products.

Telescoping holding system for tobacco pipes


An apparatus for recycling metals from metal ions containing waste solution includes a conveying device, a reducing agent supplier and a solution supplier. The conveying device includes a first ferromagnetic conveyor belt, a first roller, and a second roller. The first and second rollers are substantially horizontally arranged, and the second roller is arranged at a lower position relative to the first roller and spaced from the first roller. The ferromagnetic conveyor belt is wrapped around the first and second rollers. The reducing agent supplier is used for supplying a reducing agent onto the first conveyor belt, the ferromagnetic conveyor belt is capable of conveying the reducing agent from the second roller to the first roller. The solution supplier is configured for supplying the waste solution onto the first conveyor belt.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for recycling metal from metal ions containing waste solution, and more particularly, an apparatus for reducing metal ions contained in a waste solution to metal particles.
2. Description of Related Art
In a wet process of manufacturing printed circuit boards, electrical traces are formed from copper layer on a printed circuit board substrate (e.g., a copper clad laminate) using an etchant, which results in oxidization of a majority portion of the copper layer into copper ions. The copper ions accumulate in the etchant. When a concentration of the copper ions in the etchant exceeds a certain value, the etchant cannot be used again. In other words, the etchant becomes a copper ions containing waste solution. In addition, except for waste solution discussed above, there are a variety of waste solutions containing a variety of other metal ions (e.g., silver ions, gold ions or other noble metal ions) produced in manufacturing of various industrial products. For purpose of extracting and reusing metals in these waste solutions and avoiding environmental pollution, it is necessary to provide an apparatus for recycling metal ions contained in these waste solutions.

Apparatus for recycling metal from metal ions containing waste solution


A syringe device having a barrel enclosing a first chamber therein containing coaxially aligned primary and secondary plungers. A connectable mixing and delivery tip encloses a second chamber therein and is connected to the barrel by a coupling. A slidable valve having an aperture therethrough to allow passage of air into and out of the secondchamber is disposed between the two chambers. The primary plunger is slidable out one end of the syringe for the selective application of pressure into the syringe barrel. As the primary plunger is urged down into the syringe barrel, air is forced around the secondary plunger and through the valve aperture into the second chamber wherein the substances contained therein are mixed by turbulent aeration. Continued application of pressure on the primary plunger drives the secondary plunger into the slidable valve to plug the aperture in the valve thereby ceasing the agitation of the contents in the second chamber. Further urging of the primary plunger drives the secondary plunger and the slidable valve up into the second chamber so that the mixed contents are expelled out of the syringe device through a delivery tip. With such a syringe mixing apparatus, substances can be mixed and expelled from the syringe by continued movement of the primary plunger into the syringe barrel.

1. Field of the Invention
Broadly conceived, the present invention relates to syringes. More particularly, the present invention relates to a syringe mixing apparatus wherein a plurality of substances can be first mixed together and then expelled all from a single delivery tip.
2. The Prior Art
In the field of dentistry, there are many types of procedures that require the mixing of two or more substances before the mixed compound can be used in a particular dental procedure. A common practice in the dental arts is to measure the separate substances drop-wise into a well or mixing dish and to then mix the separate substances together using an applicator brush, which in turn is then used to apply the mixed compound to the desired teeth surfaces. As will be appreciated, in dentistry it is often necessary to mix relatively small amounts because of the small surface areas that are to be worked upon. Furthermore, the materials which are mixed are often expensive and therefore, rather than mix larger quantities, relatively small quantities are mixed repeatedly so as not to waste undue amounts of the materials in question. Repeated mixing, of course, becomes tedious and time consuming.
The described procedure also suffers from other disadvantages. For example, when mixing separate substances in a well or mixing dish with an applicator brush, the applicator brush must be moved from the mixing well into the patient's mouth for purposes of applying the mixed substance to the tooth surfaces, then back to the mixing well to obtain fresh quantities of the mixed substance and then back to the patient's mouth again. This type of back and forth motion between the patient's mouth and mixing well means that each time the brush is removed from the patient's mouth, the applicator brush must be repositioned with the tooth surface when it is inserted back into the patient's mouth. Furthermore, there is added risk of inadvertently touching the lips, gums, or other parts of the mouth by virtue of having to reposition the applicator brush with the tooth surface each time the brush is removed back to the mixing well to obtain fresh quantities of the mixed substance on the brush applicator. Not only does this create the possibility of irritating the patient's lips, gums, or other tissue, but it also creates the possibility of contaminating the mixed substance with saliva, so as to change the composition of the mixed substance in an undesirable way.
Further problems with the described procedure arise in connection with the potential bacterial contamination to the mixing well or dish by repeated moving of the applicator brush from the patient's mouth to the mixing well. This creates the need to sterilize the mixing well, which adds additional expense and time to office procedures, as well as creating potential risk for contamination of other patients if the mixing well is not properly sterilized between patients. Alternatively, if the mixing well is made of materials so as to be disposable, this adds an increased burden on the environment since typically such materials are made of plastics.
Still other problems in connection with the described procedure may arise where the substances that are mixed are of a relatively low viscosity. In order to obtain a sufficient quantity of the material when using an applicator brush, the brush tip typically has to be made somewhat larger so that the required quantities of materials can be carried to the mouth. However, the larger size applicator brush makes precise placement and working of the materials more difficult and thus results in a less precise delivery of the materials to the desired tooth surfaces.
Yet a further problem is that even once the substances are mixed in the mixing well, for some types of substances evaporation can become a problem. For example, it is common to mix hydrophilic resins in acetone for use in certain types of bonding procedures used in dentistry. The acetone can evaporate rapidly if it is left sitting very long in a mixing well, and this can adversely change the concentration of the mixed substance so as to change the bonding characteristics of the mixed substance. This further complicates the procedure and may require repeated mixing rather than using larger quantities of the mixed substance. As will be appreciated, this, of course, also adds to the tedium, expense and the difficulty of the overall procedure.

Syringe apparatus with detachable mixing and delivery tip


A filter co-processor within a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) takes advantage of the orthogonal nature of modulated signals during the equalization process. Since, after reception, only certain real/imaginary values of the received signal are useful for demodulation, the filter co-processor only processes those values to estimate the transmitted signal. By processing only those values useful for demodulation, the filter co-processor is able to process more information in a given amount of time, leading to increased processing when compared to the prior art.

Current wireless communication systems, such as digital cellular systems, require extensive digital signal processing to perform channel equalization, channel coding/decoding, and speech coding. One such digital cellular system is the Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) digital cellular system. In a typical GSM digital cellular system configuration, a separate Digital Signal Processor (DSP) is dedicated to a timeslot, thus eight DSPs are required to equalize a single radio frequency (RF) carrier. However, each output from the equalizer must be input into another separate DSP to perform channel decoding. All total, 16 DSPs are necessary to equalize/decode a single RF carrier.
When considering the large number of RF carriers deployed in a cellular system such as GSM, the number of DSPs used within a receiver becomes expensive. In addition to cost, the size of the DSP is such that a large number consumes large portions of valuable real estate within the receiver. Additionally, the large number of DSPs dissipate a corresponding amount of heat that must be removed from the receiver. All said, the large number of DSPs implemented in a receiver as described above is wrought with disadvantages. Thus, a need exists for a way to receive the same number of signals present on a single RF carrier without the need for the large number of dedicated DSPs as in the prior art.


Provided are an information transmission and receiving method and device, a storage medium and an electronic apparatus. The information transmission method includes: transmitting at least two pieces of the following information in a multiplexing manner on a physical channel: channel state information (CSI), first control information or data information. The first control information includes at least one of: hybrid automatic retransmission request acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) information or scheduling request (SR) information.

In a wireless communication system, a transmitting end and a receiving end generally use multiple antennas for transmission and reception to obtain a higher communication rate. One principle of the multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technology is to utilize some channel characteristics to form multi-layer transmission that matches the channel characteristics, so that effectively improving system performance is effectively improved, and the significant improvement on the system performance is achieved without increasing a bandwidth and power. Generally speaking, a complete channel state information (CSI) includes a rank indicator (RI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), and a channel quality indicator (CQI) or a channel resource indicator (CRI). In a wireless system, the CSI is transmitted as a type of uplink control information (UCI), which can be transmitted on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). In addition to the CSI, the UCI may also include hybrid automatic repeat request-acknowledge (HARQ-ACK) information and/or scheduling request (SR) information, where an ACK/NACK feedback is transmitted in the HARQ-ACK information, a scheduling request of the terminal is transmitted in the SR information.
In the related art, the terminal encodes and transmits the CSI through two modes. In a first mode, the channel encoding and transmission are performed on all CSI parameters in a CSI report. In a second mode, the CSI report is divided into two parts. The two parts are encoded and reported separately. In the two modes, there is no effective solution for multiplexing, encoding and transmitting the CSI and data information or the CSI and other UCI in the related art.

Information transmission and receiving method and device, storage medium and electronic device


A method for casting monitored pilings and a pour diverter used in connection with the method is provided. The method includes positioning a plurality of pile strands in a form, and then connecting a suspension assembly having at least one sensor to at least one of the pile strands so that the at least one sensor is located in a piling core area. A pour diverter, having a generally V-shaped configuration, is positioned over the suspension assembly. Concrete is poured into the form over the pour diverter so that a flow of the concrete into the form is split and flows down on either side of the suspension assembly until the at least one sensor is covered. The pour diverter is then removed to finish the casting. Preferably, provisions are provided on the pour diverter for holding or covering an antenna assembly during the pour, prior to it being placed into the concrete forming the piling.

The invention relates to a pour diverter and method for forming concrete pilings and structures having gauges and sensors pre-cast therein. Pilings of this type are described in the inventors' prior co-pending U.S. Patent Application, published as US2006/0021447.
It would be desirable to provide a more efficient and cost effective method for casting and manufacturing such concrete structures. It would be desirable to protect an embedded monitoring system from damage during the casting and manufacturing process, while still allowing for fast and efficient construction.

Method for forming monitored concrete pilings using a pour diverter


The invention provides an isolated, particulate polyoxometalate complex comprising a water-soluble cationic polymer and a polyoxometalate compound ionically bound to the cationic polymer. The polyoxometalate compound can be an isopolyoxometalate compound, such as an isopolytungstate, or a heteropolyoxometalate compound. The invention further provides a chemical-mechanical polishing composition comprising a preformed polyoxometalate abrasive, as well as a method of chemically-mechanically polishing a substrate therewith.

Compositions and methods for chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) the surface of a substrate are well known in the art. Polishing compositions (also known as polishing slurries, CMP slurries, and CMP compositions) typically contain an abrasive material in an aqueous carrier. A surface of a substrate is abraded to polish the surface by contacting the surface with a polishing pad and moving a polishing pad relative to the surface while maintaining a CMP slurry between the pad and the surface. Typical abrasive materials include silicon dioxide, cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and tin oxide. U.S. Pat. No. 5,527,423 to Neville, et al., for example, describes a method for chemically-mechanically polishing a metal layer by contacting the surface with a polishing slurry comprising high purity fine metal oxide particles in an aqueous medium. Alternatively, the abrasive material may be incorporated into the polishing pad. U.S. Pat. No. 5,489,233 to Cook et al. discloses the use of polishing pads having a surface texture or pattern, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,958,794 to Bruxvoort et al. discloses a fixed abrasive polishing pad.
Conventional polishing systems and polishing methods typically are not entirely satisfactory at planarizing metal-containing semiconductor wafers. In particular, polishing compositions and polishing pads can have less than desirable polishing rates, and their use in the chemical-mechanical polishing of semiconductor surfaces can result in poor surface quality.
The difficulty in creating an effective polishing system for semiconductor wafers stems from the complexity of the semiconductor wafer. Semiconductor wafers are typically composed of a substrate on which a plurality of transistors has been formed. Integrated circuits are chemically and physically connected into a substrate by patterning regions in the substrate and layers on the substrate. To produce an operable semiconductor wafer and to maximize the yield, performance, and reliability of the wafer, it is desirable to polish select surfaces of the wafer (e.g., a metal-containing surface) without adversely affecting underlying structures or topography. In fact, various problems in semiconductor fabrication can occur if the process steps are not performed on wafer surfaces that are adequately planarized. Because the performance of a semiconductor wafer is directly associated with the planarity of its surface, it is crucial to use a polishing composition and method that results in a high polishing efficiency, uniformity, and removal rate and leaves a high quality polish with minimal surface defects.
In conventional CMP techniques, a substrate carrier or polishing head is mounted on a carrier assembly and positioned in contact with a polishing pad in a CMP apparatus. The carrier assembly provides a controllable pressure to the substrate, urging the substrate against the polishing pad. The pad is moved relative to the substrate by an external driving force. The relative movement of the pad and substrate serves to abrade the surface of the substrate to remove a portion of the material from the substrate surface, thereby polishing the substrate. The polishing of the substrate by the relative movement of the pad and the substrate typically is further aided by the chemical activity of the polishing composition and/or the mechanical activity of an abrasive suspended in the polishing composition.
Tungsten is increasing being used as a conductive material to form the interconnections in integrated circuit devices. One way to fabricate planar tungsten circuit traces on a silicon dioxide substrate is referred to as the damascene process. In accordance with this process, the silicon dioxide dielectric surface is patterned by a conventional dry etch process to form holes and trenches for vertical and horizontal interconnects. The patterned surface is coated with an adhesion-promoting layer such as titanium or tantalum and/or a diffusion barrier layer such as titanium nitride or tantalum nitride. The adhesion-promoting layer and/or the diffusion barrier layer are then over-coated with a tungsten layer. Chemical-mechanical polishing is employed to reduce the thickness of the tungsten over-layer, as well as the thickness of any adhesion-promoting layer and/or diffusion barrier layer, until a planar surface that exposes elevated portions of the silicon dioxide surface is obtained. The vias and trenches remain filled with electrically conductive tungsten forming the circuit interconnects.
There is an ongoing need to develop new particulate abrasives for use in CMP compositions that are capable of polishing a semiconductor substrate, particularly a tungsten-containing substrate with a relatively low level of microdefects (i.e., low defectivity), while maintaining suitable polishing removal rates. The present invention provides such materials and CMP compositions. These and other advantages of the invention, as well as additional inventive features, will be apparent from the description of the invention provided herein.

Polyoxometalate compositions and methods


A slide rail assembly includes a first rail, a second rail, a third rail, and an extension rail. The second rail can be longitudinally displaced relative to the first rail. The second rail includes a first section and a second section. The third rail is movably connected to the first section of the second rail and can be longitudinally displaced relative to the first rail by the second rail. The extension rail is located at the second section of the second rail.

In a rack-based server system, the chassis of a server is typically mounted with slide rails on both lateral sides in order to be installed on the supporting posts of a rack via the slide rails and their brackets. The slide rails make it easy to pull the server out of the rack for inspection or maintenance. Related slide rail designs are already disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,137,512 and 6,930,886, among others. The disclosure of the afore-cited patents is incorporated herein by reference. Nowadays, the various components of a server are modularized to facilitate assembly, disassembly, and maintenance. For example, a main module is provided in a central portion of a server chassis while a hard disk module, a power supply module, and so on are provided at two opposite ends of the chassis. The modules are connected to one another by cables. To detach a certain module (e.g., a hard disk module), cables between the related modules must be disconnected first, which, however, often presents difficulties due to the complexity of the cables, and the limited space, in the chassis, and maintenance is inconvenienced as a result.


A method and system for modifying the content of e-mail transmissions based on customization settings determines when an e-mail user has customized an e-mail message and prompts the user to accept or reject automatic modification of the e-mail message text to indicate a particular customization settings. The e-mail program checks the customization settings, then the e-mail program prompts the user if a customization is set for which a text modification can be automatically made. For example, a “cc:” list may be added to the message text in response to the checking detecting a list of copied recipients. The e-mail program may further parse the message text in order to avoid prompting the user to add text associated with a customization for which the user has already made an indication within the message content (message body, subject line, et cetera).

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to electronic mail systems, and more specifically, to a method and system for modifying the content of e-mail transmissions by prompting a user based on the customization settings of an electronic message.
2. Background of the Invention
Present-day network systems communicate through a variety of channels in order to interconnect computers. Electronic mail is in widespread use as a mechanism for communicating messages and for transferring documents, images and other media such as sound files.
E-mail programs and other programs such as Internet browsers having e-mail capability permit a computer user to create a message that is sent to an e-mail server for the recipient of the message. Typical e-mail programs provide a variety of features for customizing an e-mail message. For example, attachment lists permit the computer user to attach documents such as word-processor output files or encoded images such as scanned photographs that are rendered in a data storage format such as the joint photography and electronics group (JPEG) format, or other media such as sound files, etc. E-mail programs also permit the setting of priority level so that a recipient may be notified of the urgency of a message without reading the content and/or flagging an e-mail message as personal, private or confidential. Further, the above-described e-mail programs permit copying (cc:) and blind-copying (bcc:) additional intended recipients of an e-mail message, adding an electronic signature, and/or encrypting e-mail content for security.
Often, a computer user generating an electronic mail message will customize an e-mail message, but does not comment within the message on particular customizations (e.g., attachments) that should be noted by the e-mail recipient.
Therefore, it would be desirable to provide a method and system for modifying the content of an e-mail transmission by using the customization settings set for the e-mail message to notify the recipient of customizations that have been performed.

Method and system for modifying the content of e-mail transmissions based on customization settings


The present invention relates to the field of metabolic research. Metabolic disorders, such as obesity, are a public health problem that is serious and widespread. GZIP polypeptides have been identified that are believed to be beneficial in the treatment of metabolic disorders. These compounds should be effective for reducing body mass and for treating metabolic-related diseases and disorders. These metabolic-related diseases and disorders include hyperlipidemias, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and hypertension.

The following discussion is intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention, but is not intended nor admitted to be prior art to the invention.
Obesity is a public health problem that is serious, widespread, and increasing. In the United States, 20 percent of the population is obese; in Europe, a slightly lower percentage is obese (Friedman (2000) Nature 404:632-634). Obesity is associated with increased risk of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer as well as respiratory complications and osteoarthritis (Kopelman (2000) Nature 404:635-643). Even modest weight loss ameliorates these associated conditions.
While still acknowledging that lifestyle factors including environment, diet, age and exercise play a role in obesity, twin studies, analyses of familial aggregation, and adoption studies all indicate that obesity is largely the result of genetic factors (Barsh et al (2000) Nature 404:644-651). In agreement with these studies, is the fact that an increasing number of metabolic-related genes are being identified. Some of the more extensively studied genes include those encoding leptin (ob) and its receptor (db), pro-opiomelanocortin (Pomc), melanocortin-4-receptor (Mc4r), agouti protein (Ay), carboxypeptidase E (fat), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C (Htr2c), nescient basic helix-loop-helix 2 (Nhlh2), prohormone convertase 1 (PCSK1), and tubby protein (tubby) (rev'd in Barsh et al (2000) Nature 404:644-651).

Methods of screening for antagonists of APM1/GZIP


A wiring board includes: a semiconductor chip; an insulating layer in which the semiconductor chip is embedded; a wiring connected to the semiconductor chip; and reinforcing layers for reinforcing the insulating layer, the reinforcing layers respectively formed on a front face side of the insulating layer and a rear face side of the insulating layer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a wiring board and a method for manufacturing the wiring board, and more particularly to a wiring board incorporating a semiconductor chip and a method for manufacturing the wiring board.
2. Description of the Related Art
Nowadays, performances of electronic devices using semiconductor devices such as semiconductor chips have been progressively improved. A high density when the semiconductor chips are mounted on a board, the miniaturization of the board when the semiconductor chips are mounted and a saved space have been required.
Accordingly, a board in which semiconductor chips are embedded, what is called a chip-incorporated wiring board has been proposed and various structures for incorporating the semiconductor chips in the board have been proposed. The above-described chip-incorporated wiring board has a wiring connected to the semiconductor chips, and connecting sections are formed so that the wiring board is connected to other devices or a mother board or the like. (For example, refer to JP-A-2004-327624, JP-A-2001-352007 and JP-A-2003-142628.)
However, when the small thickness and the high density of the chip incorporated wiring board are to be realized, a problem of warpage of the wiring board sometimes arises. In order to deal with the warpage, for instance, a board having a prescribed thickness such as a core board needs to be laminated on a layer in which the semiconductor chips are embedded so as to suppress the warpage. However, in such a laminated structure, a problem arises that the small thickness and the high density of the wiring board are hardly realized.
In recent years, since the semiconductor chips operating at high speed have a large quantity of heat generation, there is a problem that the wiring board in which the semiconductor chips are incorporated may possibly generate a warpage owing to the heat generation.
As described above, it is difficult to reduce the thickness of the wiring board, while the warpage of the wiring board is suppressed. Especially, when the quantity of generated heat of the semiconductor chips is large, it is more difficult to reduce the warpage.

Wiring board and method for manufacturing the same


A method and apparatus for occlusion monitoring in a flow circuit using pressure waveform analysis. The flow circuit includes a first conduit and a second conduit which fluidly interconnects a fluid supply with the first conduit. A pump is disposed in an intermediate portion of the second conduit. Monitoring of the pressure in the first conduit is used to identify any occlusions in that portion of the second conduit which is disposed between the pump and the fluid supply.

Blood apheresis systems withdraw blood from a donor/patient and separate the blood into various blood components (e.g., red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma). Some of these blood components are collected and others are returned to the donor/patient.
In many apheresis systems, blood is withdrawn from the donor/patient through a blood inlet line by a blood inlet pump. Anticoagulant (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "AC") is introduced into the blood inlet line at a location which is between the donor/patient and the blood inlet pump. The amount of anticoagulant provided to the blood is important. Introducing less than the desired amount of anticoagulant increases the potential for blood clotting which may adversely affect the apheresis procedure and more importantly the donor/patient. Reductions in the flow of anticoagulant into the blood may be due to an occlusion in the AC inlet line (the line which caries AC to the blood inlet line).
A number of approaches are available to identify occlusions in the flow circuit of a blood apheresis system. Some blood apheresis systems use an electronic drip counter or bag weighing system to control the flow of anticoagulant into the blood. In this case an occlusion in the AC line would be "displayed" to the operator in the nature of there being less "drips" of anticoagulant than normal. Other systems use a pressure sensor in the blood inlet line between the donor/patient and the blood inlet pump to detect for a collapsing of the vein of the donor/patient. Cost considerations are of course always an issue in determining which approach to take for occlusion monitoring in the flow circuit of a blood apheresis system, as increasing the overall cost of the blood apheresis system may have a significant effect on its commercial success.

Method and apparatus for occlusion monitoring using pressure waveform analysis


A fragrant medium dispensing system, which contains a polymer-containing, perfumed shaped article that is supplied in a withdrawal receptacle. The fragrant medium dispensing system enables fragrances to be individually dosed. The fragrant medium dispensing system can be used in the context of methods for perfuming or reinforcing the fragrance of an aqueous system.

The invention relates to a fragrant medium dispensing system that includes a perfumed, polymer-containing shaped article that is supplied in a withdrawal receptacle. The invention further relates to the use of the fragrant medium dispensing system for dosing fragrances as well as a method for perfuming aqueous systems.
Odoriferous substances have long been used to produce pleasant odors and represent an important facet of human culture. For example, odoriferous substances were employed very early on for sacral or cultic purposes. An example of this is the burning of incense. In general, odoriferous substances are intended to mask other odors considered to be unpleasant or to create pleasant, appealing odors. The use of odoriferous substances often has the purpose of suggesting the impression of cleanliness.
Also, most laundry detergents and cleaning products comprise odoriferous substances. These mask the original product odor and provide for a pleasant odor sensation.
It has been shown that the consumer develops a constant need for new fragrances; consequently newly perfumed products are continually offered commercially. However, there is a certain shortcoming in that the commercially available products are very uniformly perfumed in so far as the fragrance intensity is concerned. The fragrance intensity was determined according to the requirements of an average consumer. Consequently, consumers who have a very sensitive or on the other hand have a reduced perception of fragrance suffer from the uniform product fragrance level. This concerns all products, such as laundry detergents or cleaning compositions, which are used in connection with aqueous systems.


Generating a controllable panoramic image while eliminating unsuitable dynamic elements by receiving a plurality of images of a location from a user device, wherein the plurality of images includes images of a location at various times, identifying an object of one or more images of the plurality of images, wherein the object corresponds to an unsuitable condition for a database, determining a score of the one or more images of the plurality of images based at least in part on the identified object, determining a base image from the one or more images of the plurality of images, and generating a set of replacement images of the location based at least in part on respective determined scores of the one or more images of the plurality of images.

The disclosure relates generally to image recognition. The disclosure relates particularly to combining data from multiple passes of user device to generate a controllable panoramic image while eliminating unsuitable dynamic elements.
Virtual reality (VR) is a simulated experience that can be similar to or completely different from the real world. Applications of virtual reality include entertainment (e.g., video games), education (e.g., medical or military training), and business (e.g., virtual meetings). Other distinct types of VR-style technology include augmented reality and mixed reality, sometimes referred to as extended reality or XR. A 360-degree photo is a controllable panoramic image that surrounds the original point from which the shot was taken. 360-degree photos simulate being in the shoes of a photographer and looking around to the left, right, up and down as desired as well as sometimes zooming.
Computer vision is an interdisciplinary scientific field that deals with how computers can gain high-level understanding from digital images or videos. From the perspective of engineering, computer vision seeks to understand and automate tasks that the human visual system is capable of performing. Computer vision tasks include methods for acquiring, processing, analyzing, and understanding digital images, and extraction of high-dimensional data from the real world. Sub-domains of computer vision include scene reconstruction, object detection, event detection, video tracking, object recognition, 3D pose estimation, learning, indexing, motion estimation, 3D scene modeling, and image restoration.

Privacy-protecting multi-pass street-view photo-stitch

International Business Machines Corporation


A thermotropic liquid crystalline polyester is produced by carrying out polycondensation of ester monomer [I-2], an aromatic dicarboxylic acid [II] and an aromatic carboxylic acid [III-2]. The amounts of the compounds [I-2] and [II] are substantially equivalent and the amount of the compound [III-2] is not more than 20 times that of [I-2] by mole. A thermotropic liquid crystalline polyester having good heat resistance, fluidity and uniformity can be produced.

The present invention relates to a method of producing thermotropic liquid crystalline polyester (hereinafter referred to as LC polyester) and, more particularly, to a method of producing LC polyester having good heat resistance and good fluidity and uniformity.
Along with recent developments in the fields of electric, electronic and car industries, demands for plastics of higher capacity have increased, and a variety of plastics have been developed and provided on the market. Among them, a group of polymer compounds known as thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers, which exhibit optical anisotropy when melted, and in which the molecular chains are aligned in parallel, have been catching attention since they show good molding processability and improve the mechanical properties of the molded articles.
A typical LC polyester is a copolymer polyester made of only ester linkages of polyethylene terephthalate units and para hydroxy benzoic acid units (W. J. Jackson et al, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed. Vol. 14, p. 2043 (1976), U.S. Pat. No. 3,804,805, and Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 51-8395).
In the above mentioned Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 51-8395, a method of producing a LC polyester by mixing polyethylene terephtharate units and para acetoxy benzoic acid units (hereinafter referred to as p-ABA) and heating them at 240.degree.-300.degree. C. to carry out polymerization, is described. It is known that increasing the content of p-ABA results in improvement of the heat resistance of the produced LC polyester, however, in this method, when the p-ABA component holds more than 75 mol % of the total aromatic group of the polymer, such a polymer considered to be produced by block polymerization of p-ABA, exists as an insoluble, infusible matter (comparative example 1), and the resulting LC polyester shows inferior fluidity, and lowered moldability. The generation of such foreign matter is also confirmed by the existence of a large amount of insoluble substances, when such a polymer is dissolved in a good solvent.

Method of producing thermotropic liquid crystalline polyester


Provided herein are systems and methods for optimizing feature fill processes. The feature fill optimization systems and methods may be used to optimize feature fill from a small number of patterned wafer tests. The systems and methods may be used for optimizing enhanced feature fill processes including those that include inhibition and/or etch operations along with deposition operations. Results from experiments may be used to calibrate a feature scale behavioral model. Once calibrated, parameter space may be iteratively explored to optimize the process.

The performance of semiconductor device fabrication operations such as feature fill processes is often essential to the success of a semiconductor device processing workflow. Advanced fill processes including inhibition operations may be used to fill device features with aggressive geometries or compensate for lack of conformality in the deposition step itself. For example, a deposition-inhibition-deposition (DID) process may involve a first deposition followed by an inhibition process to inhibit deposition at the feature opening and a subsequent deposition to fill the feature. However, optimization of a DID process can be tremendously expensive and time consuming, involving multiple design of experiment (DOE) iterations and costly imaging for each sample.
The background and contextual descriptions contained herein are provided solely for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Much of this disclosure presents work of the inventors, and simply because such work is described in the background section or presented as context elsewhere herein does not mean that it is admitted to be prior art.

Fill process optimization using feature scale modeling


A liquid crystal display panel and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The liquid crystal display panel, by an in-panel hole defining process, defines an installation hole. A position of an array substrate corresponding to the installation hole is opened, and an inner surface of a color filter substrate corresponding to the installation hole 340 is curved such that the color filter substrate has a lens structure to decrease total reflection between air and the glass substrate and increase outwardly directed light and light emitting efficiency.

The present invention relates to a field of liquid crystal display technologies, especially to a liquid crystal display panel and a manufacturing method for the liquid crystal display panel.
The liquid crystal display (LCD) industry has developed rapidly in recent years, and a variety of new heteromorphic mobile phone displays have gradually occupied a large share in the market. Various mobile phone manufacturers have introduced more and more new designs, such as cutout displays, beauty tip displays, water drop displays, drilled displays (i.e., panel hole definitions), and many other new designs. Current development of the panel hole definition process is limited by the current cutting and punching process, such that still no corresponding product launches on the market.

Liquid crystal display panel and manufacturing method thereof

Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd.


A motor vehicle with a headliner and one or more lighting devices extending on or adjacent to the headliner over at least a portion of the length or width of the headliner. The lighting device emits its light such that at least the headliner area can at least be partially illuminated.

The present invention relates to a motor vehicle with a headliner.
The following discussion of related art is provided to assist the reader in understanding the advantages of the invention, and is not to be construed as an admission that this related art is prior art to this invention.
At least one light fixture is usually installed in the headliner of a motor vehicle, which in most cases serves to illuminate the interior space, i.e. radiates into the vehicle interior. Sometimes a complete lamp module is installed, which in addition to a space light has also two reading lights providing a substantially spot-shaped illumination. This type of lighting is used for room lighting, either over a large area for the actual room illumination, or limited as a reading light. These lights are switched on only when needed. The room light is usually switched on automatically when a vehicle door is opened or specifically, when light is needed in the vehicle interior, whereas the reading lights is switched on only when, for example, the driver or passenger wants to read a map and the like.
Furthermore, lighting devices are sometimes installed in modern motor vehicles, which are used to generate an ambiance lighting, i.e. to emit only a certain background light in specific areas of the vehicle which has a pleasant feel and gives a positive space sensation. These lighting devices are installed, for example, in the area of the foot well of the driver and front passenger and also the rear row of seats, allowing these foot wells to be easily illuminated. Although it is possible to illuminate the floor area, this illumination is rarely noticed by the occupants of the vehicle.
It would therefore be desirable and advantageous to obviate prior art shortcomings and to provide an improved motor vehicle which enables the generation of a perceptible ambiance light.


A strengthened blade tape measure includes a tape casing, a retraction unit, and a ruler blade, having an inner end attached to the retraction unit and an outer end stopped at a guiding opening of the tape casing, adapted to slidably fold between a storage position and a measuring position. In which, at the storage position, the ruler blade is retracted to receive in the tape casing in a coil flattened configuration manner via the retraction unit, and at the measuring portion, the outer end of the ruler blade is slidably pulled to extend the ruler blade in a concave-convex configuration out of the tape casing through the guider opening, wherein the ruler blade is capable of standing out from the tape casing with a measuring length at least 10 feet in a self-sustaining manner so as to prevent the ruler blade from buckling by its own weight.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a tape measure, and more particularly to a strengthened blade retractable tape measure, wherein the ruler blade, having a predetermined curvature, is adapted to rigidly extend at least 10 feet from the tape casing in a self-sustaining manner without buckling by its own weight, so as to substantially lengthen the measuring distance along the measuring blade.
2. Description of Related Arts
Retractable tape measures have been commonly used in commercial. A conventional retractable tape measure generally comprises a tape casing, a retractable reel assembly rotatably supported in the tape casing, and a ruler blade having an inner end attached to the retractable reel assembly such that the ruler blade is adapted to fold in the tape casing in a coil manner and to extend from the tape casing for length measuring purpose.
There are two major features of the retractable tape measure for professional use, especially for construction. One of the features of such retractable tape measure is to provide the ruler blade having a predetermined length to lengthen the measuring distance along the ruler blade. Another feature of the retractable tape measure is to provide the ruler blade that the ruler blade must be rigid enough to self-sustaining manner when the ruler blade is extended from the tape casing. Therefore, the user is able to self-operate the retractable tape measure to measure the distance. In other words, the size and the weight of the retractable tape measure is not the most important concern for the professionals.
In order to accomplish the above features of the retractable tape measure, the dimension of the ruler blade must be configured. The width of the ruler blade can be substantially increased for enhancing the self-sustaining support of the ruler blade. However, the length of the ruler blade will be shortened to remain the weight thereof constantly. Alternatively, the curvature of the ruler blade can be increased to enhance the self-sustaining ability thereof. However, the ruler blade cannot be smoothly retracted back to the tape casing.
Accordingly, U.S. Pat. No. 6,324,769, owned by Murray, generally suggests a tape measure comprising a ruler blade having a width in the flattened configuration thereof having a dimension within the range of 1.10″–1.5″, a height in the concave-convex configuration thereof having a dimension within the range of 0.25″–0.40″, and a thickness in either configuration thereof having a dimension within the range of 0.0045″–0.0063″, such that the ruler blade is capable of standing out from the tape casing with a measuring length at least 10.5 feet.
Unfortunately, the Stanley case only provides a general measuring scope to achieve a 10.5 ft self-sustaining extending length. For most users and manufacturers, figuring out an optimal ruler blade size based on such an ambiguous scope is still a hassle. This is due to the fact that not all size combinations within the Stanley's scope are effective. For instance, in a user chosen a ruler blade with such size combination, a 1.38″ (35 mm) width, a 0.25″ (6.35 mm) height, and a 0.0063″ (0.16 mm) thickness, the 10.5 ft self-sustaining extending length would still be unreachable. It is noted the thickness 0.0063″ is already increased to the ceiling of the Stanley's scope.
In other words, the self-sustaining extending length of a ruler blade is not only determined by the above mentioned dimensions such as the width, the height and the thickness of the ruler blade. More importantly, a concave-convex curvature structure of such ruler blade is by far the most contributive factor to ensure the ruler blade extended out from tape casing at least 10 feet with a sustained manner. An optimal curvature of the concave-convex configuration is a key point to ensure standing firmness and rigidity of the ruler blade whenever the ruler blade is extracted out from the tape casing. Seemingly, a bigger curvature is desirable to guarantee the extended ruler blade self-sustained in position. Unfortunately, the ruler blade with a bigger curvature would cause applicable problems. This is due to the fact that the curved ruler blade is difficult to be reeled back into the tape casing.
Furthermore, the curvature of the ruler blade is preset during a tooling process. That is to say, once the ruler blade is reduced into products, the curvature is unchangeable. Therefore, the modification and improvement of the ruler blade should be considered as one of the important subject matter of the retractable tape measure to enhance the practice use thereof.


A filter for a washing machine is disclosed. The filter includes a filter case attached to an inner lower portion of a dehydrating tub of the washing machine for forming a predetermined space with the dehydrating tub, including an attachment portion for being attached to the dehydrating tub and a filter receiving portion formed with an opening portion, and a pocket type filter including a front panel attached with a mesh net to one side thereof for filtering fluff intermingled in the washing water, a rear panel for forming a predetermined space with the front panel by being coupled to the front panel by means of a hinge shaft to be opened/closed while being attached with a mesh net for filtering the fluff intermingled in the washing water to one side thereof, and a check valve fixed to the lower side of the rear panel for confining the flow of the washing water introduced into the space between the front panel and the rear panel, the pocket type filter being inserted into the filter receiving portion and being made of a transparent material. Since the front panel of the pocket type filter is made of a transparent material and the pocket type filter is revealed without screening by the filter case, it is possible to measure the amount of the fluff accumulated within the pocket type filter without separating the pocket type filter from the filter case.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a washing machine, and more particularly to a filter for a washing machine for filtering foreign matters such as fluff from washing water.
2. Description of the Prior Art
FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional washing machine. Referring to FIG. 1, in the conventional washing machine, a washing tub 120 is suspended by a suspension 130 into inside of a case 110.
A dehydrating tub 170 and a pulsator (or an agitator; hereinafter refer to "a pulsator") 180 selectively driven by a clutch assembly 160 which is connected to a motor 150 by means of a belt 140, are disposed in the inner side of washing tub 120.
An impeller 182 as a pump is integrally formed to the lower side of pulsator 180, and a filter 190 is provided around the upper end of dehydrating tub 170. A guide portion 172 for guiding the washing water pumped by impeller 182 toward filter 190 is formed between impeller 182 and filter 190.
In the washing machine constructed as above, once pulsator 180 is rotated by motor 150 and clutch assembly 160 during a washing or rinsing cycle, the washing water pumped by impeller 182 at the lower portion of pulsator 180 is guided to filter 190 along guide portion 172 to be dropped into the interior of dehydrating tub 170 via filter 190. During this process, foreign matters intermingled in the washing water are filtered by filter 190.
However, according to the conventional washing machine constructed as above, filter 190 is arranged around the upper end of dehydrating tub 170. For this reason, when a small amount of articles is washed in a small quantity of cleaning water, the washing water cannot reach filter 190. That is, the foreign matters intermingled in the washing water cannot be sufficiently filtered by filter 190 to lower washing efficiency.
FIGS. 2 to 4 show other example of a filter for a washing machine proposed to overcome the above described problems as a example.
As illustrated, the filter for a washing machine is attached to the inner lower portion of dehydrating tub 170, which includes a filter case 300 and a pocket type filter 200 for filtering fluff by being inserted into filter case 300.
Filter case 300 is attached to the inner lower portion of dehydrating tub 170 to form a predetermined space with dehydrating tub 170, which includes an attachment portion 310 for attaching itself onto dehydrating tub 170, a front plane portion 320 formed with a plurality of discharging holes 322 and inserting guide portions 330 formed to both rear sides of front plane portion 320 while having the upper portion opened.
Pocket type filter 200 includes a front panel 210, a rear panel 230 and a check valve 250. Front panel 210 and rear panel 230 are coupled to be opened/closed by a hinge shaft 232 formed to rear panel 230, and attached with mesh nets 220 and 240 for filtering the fluff. Check valve 250 for opening/closing the space between front panel 210 and rear panel 230, is fixed to the lower side of rear panel 230 and made of a material such as a rubber.
Pocket type filter 200 as described above is inserted into the interior of the space between filter case 300 and dehydrating tub 170 by being slidably moved along inserting guide portions 330 from the upper portion of inserting guide portions 330 of filter case 300.
According to the filter as described above, the washing water pumped by impeller 182 flows into pocket type filter 200 via the space between dehydrating tub 170 and filter case 300 during the washing or rinsing cycle. Check valve 250 is upwardly pushed away by means of the washing water thereby the washing water is introduced into the interior of pocket type filter 200.
The washing water introduced into inside of pocket type filter 200 is discharged into dehydrating tub 170 via mesh nets 220 and 240 of front panel 210 and rear panel 230. At this time, the fluff within the washing water is filtered by mesh nets 220 and 240 attached to the front panel 210 and rear panel 230. Also, the washing water exhausted out of pocket type filter 200 is discharged into the interior of dehydrating tub 170 via discharging holes 322 formed in front plane portion 320 of filter case 300.
Under the state that the rotation of a pulsator is stopped after completing the washing or rinsing cycle, check valve 250 returns to its original position by means of gravity. Consequently, the filtered fluff is accumulated into the interior of pocket type filter 200 without getting away from pocket type filter 200.
The fluff accumulated on the interior of pocket type filter 200 is closely attached toward rear panel 230 due to a centrifugal force exerting upon the fluff by dehydrating tub 170 which is rotated at high speed during a dehydrating cycle. By doing so, the washing water pumped by impeller 182 can be easily introduced into pocket type filter 200 during the initial period of the next washing or rinsing cycle.
Meanwhile, as the amount of the fluff accumulated within pocket type filter 200 is increased, user grasps the upper portion of the pocket type filter and moved pocket type filter 200 in upper direction along inserting guide 230 of the filter case so as to separating pocket type filter 200 from the space between filter case 300 and dehydrating tub 170, then opens pocket type filter 200 and removes the fluff.
However, according to the other example, since front panel 210 and rear panel 230 are coupled to each other by hinge shafts 232 formed at the upper side of rear panel 230 to be closed/opened, the lower portion of front panel 210 is often departed the lower portion of rear panel 230 regardless user's will. Therefore, the fluff in pocket type filter 200 is poured down through a space between front panel 210 and rear panel 230.
By doing so, the floor where the fluff is poured is duty. If the fluff is poured down in dehydrating tub 170, the fluff affects next washing and rinsing of the laundry to lower the washing efficiency of the washing machine.
In addition, since side walls of rear panel 230 are inserted into the inner sides of front panel 210, it is inconvenience for user to open pocket type filter 230.


Disclosed herein is a system including a portable device for euthanizing sick or infirm poultry. The device includes a chamber with a lid and a canister of compressed carbon dioxide that communicates with the interior of the chamber, and controls that include opening and closing the chamber's lid with a pneumatic cylinder, driven by the same source of compressed carbon dioxide used to euthanize the poultry. A sick or infirm bird in place in the chamber and with the chamber on its shelf on the frame of the present system and the start button on the controls is pressed. The lid is automatically closed by pressing the start button, whereupon the interior of the chamber fills with carbon dioxide and a timer is started so that, after approximately one minute, the lid opens so the dead bird may be removed from the flock.

Raising poultry as a source of diet protein is a major, worldwide, industry and poultry growers make a significant contribution to the diet of people around the world. Poultry is mostly raised in large buildings where the poultry is protected from predators and the elements, and where the birds are fed, watered, warm and healthy.
Inevitably, some of the birds do not survive to maturity. Culling the dead and sick or infirm birds from the balance of the flock is a significant task in proper poultry husbandry. Disease can spread easily to other birds in an enclosed flock. Accordingly, timely removal of sick or infirm and dead birds is essential to preservation of overall health of the flock.
To identify and remove sick or infirm or dead birds, poultry farmers walk through the flock and look for birds that need to be removed. Modern poultry houses may be hundreds of feet long. Even when the flock mortality is low, there will inevitably be several birds that need to be picked up and removed.
Sick or infirm birds need to be euthanized and removed as quickly as possible. Sick or infirm birds may be suffering. The conventional, and effective, method of ending a bird's life is by manually dislocating the cervics. The dead bird is carried from the house. A better way to euthanize the sick or infirm birds in a large flock would be an advantage.


It is an object of the present invention to improve the surface planarity of a film by uniforming the thickness of an insulating layer. Further, it is another object of the invention to provide a technology for manufacturing an electronic device typified by a high-definition and high-quality display device with high yield at low cost with the use of the insulating layer. In a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to the invention, a semiconductor layer is formed; an insulating layer is formed over the semiconductor layer; a wiring layer connected to the semiconductor layer is formed in an opening provided in the insulating layer; and an electrode layer connected to the wiring layer is formed. The insulating layer is formed by spin coating with a composition containing an insulating material, which has a viscosity of from 10 mPa·s to 50 mPa·s.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device and a display device.
2. Description of the Related Art
A wiring circuit, a thin film transistor (hereinafter referred to as a TFT), a display device and an electronic circuit using the same are manufactured by stacking various patterns such as a semiconductor layer, an insulating layer, and a conductive layer over a substrate. As a method for forming a film pattern for an interlayer film and a planarizing film, a coating method such as spin coating where a film can be formed by coating a surface with an insulating material, or the like can be used. As to a film formed as a planarizing film, the film is required to have uniform thickness and good surface planarity. Accordingly, technologies for forming a film with good thickness distribution are studied (for example, see Reference 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-264137).
In Reference 1, a coating formed over a substrate by spin coating is heated in vacuum, and the film is cooled in vacuum after drying the solvent (flux) in order to prevent the thickness distribution and surface roughness from getting worse.

Manufacturing method of display device and semiconductor device

Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.


Each of ECUs constituting a system of a vehicle is registered with authentication IDs of other ECUs. The each of ECUs determines whether the other ECUs are regular by comparing the registered IDs with authentication IDs newly obtained from the other ECUs when the system is started. When a certain ECU within the other ECUs is determined to be not regular, the certain ECU is prohibited from being used in this system. Further, when a new ECU is substituted or added, a terminal confirms whether the new ECU is unused in another vehicle and is thereby enabled to be usable by transmitting an authentication ID of the new ECU to a management center. When the new ECU is confirmed to be enabled to be usable, authentication IDs registered in the respective ECUs are updated.

For instance, Patent Document 1 describes the following anti-theft system. A vehicle is equipped with an anti-theft device or an anti-theft component such as an immobilizer. For instance, the anti-theft device is for outputting an alarm by detecting a door opened and closed or the like by an unauthorized person. These anti-theft objects are periodically communicated with communications devices so that disassembling of these objects can be detected to thereby activate alarms. When the communications between the anti-theft objects and the communications devices becomes anomalous, it is determined that these anti-theft objects are stolen. The alarms are thereby outputted.                Patent Document 1: JP2003-137071 A
The vehicle equipped with the above systems can detect using the anti-theft device a door opened and closed by an unauthorized person to thereby notify it, or prevent using the anti-theft component an unauthorized person from starting an engine. Further, disassembling or destroying the anti-theft objects can be detected to then activate an alarm, so that theft of the vehicle or the in-vehicle devices can be properly prevented.
However, even in the above vehicle, when the communications device or a device for outputting the alarm by detecting anomaly in the communications is disassembled or destroyed, the alarm cannot be outputted. This cannot securely prevent the theft of the vehicle. In particular, a malicious thief tries to steal a vehicle and cannibalize its components for selling to obtain an illegal profit. The cannibalized components can be used in other vehicles, so that the above-described countermeasure cannot eradicate such a theft.

Method and system for vehicle component management, method and system for vehicle component management data update, and vehicle component management center


A terminal receives service provided by a server while using any one of a group of user-names stored in the server for each user and while using a character associated with the user-name. When a character currently in use is switched to another character according to a user instruction, the terminal compares a user-name associated with the switched character with a user-name currently in use. When the compared user-name is different from the user-name currently in use, the terminal switches the user-name on the terminal side to a user-name associated with the switched character, and transmits information, indicating the user-name associated with the switched character, to the server.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a user-name switching method and more specifically to a user-name switching method when a terminal receives service that is provided by a server using multiple user-names and characters associated with the user-names.
2. Description of the Related Art
A video game machine having an Internet connection function installed thereon is connected to a server of an ISP (Internet Service Provider), and this enables the user to receive various kinds of services that the server provides. The user can receive many types of services, such as distribution of game software, battle type games via a network, etc. In order to receive such services, the user generally performs user registration to the ISP in advance. The ISP manages attribute information of the user and collects fees for each service based on information registered by the user.
Information to be registered by the user includes a user-name (handle name) and a password to log into the server together with the user's attributes, such as an address, a name, a telephone number, etc. The user-name does not have to be the same as the user's real name. For example, in the battle type game that the ISP provides, the user can register at least one character appearing on the game and at least one user-name to be associated with the character, and participate in the game anonymously.
When the kinds of games provided by the ISP are diversified, the user sometimes wishes to switch the user-name for each game title and/or use multiple characters for one user-name when participating in the game. However, in the case of being provided a service using multiple user-names from a server, the user-name currently in use must be recognized by both the user terminal and the server. In the case of participating in the game using multiple characters, a match between the user-name and character must be established by both the user terminal and the server. In the case where the user participates in multiple games at the same time, both the user terminal and the server must recognize which user-name is used for each game and which character is used in each game.

User-name switching method on network game


The butt stock of a firearm and the butt stock assembly are held together magnetically, such that it requires and adult level of grip to separate them. This provides a strong and dependable butt pad, with the ability to change the length of the pull on a gun stock, in seconds. It provides a storage area in the butt stock of the firearm, that is easy opened, without the use of any hand tools.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to shoulder firearms, specifically to butt stocks.
2. Description of Prior Art
In conventional shotgun and rifles, the butt plate requires a screw driver to remove the butt plate or recoil pad. The need for a quick change butt plate has not been meet. there are systems that require tools to change or gain excess to the butt of the gun. These systems require the fitting of some type of male and female fitting device, that requires a very exact fit to work. Specifically, in U.S. Pat. No. 5068991 to Reed, a male and female piece of metal that requires a release system which has moving parts. This system requires two large exposed pieces of metal to work, that if they become dirty they will fail to work. The U.S. Pat. No. 4055016 to Katsenes a modifiale gun stock this is a complex system. The butt member being releasably secured to the stock member by anchor means comprising relatively rotatable plug and receptable means with a cam helix biasing a spring to forwardly couple the butt member into keyed engagement with the stock member to overlie and capture the comb member in its secured position The configurable sniper rifle stock U.S. Pat. No. 05711102 to Choate is another butt plate that is held in place by screws and requires tools to make adjustments to the length of the stock. The majority of the mentioned systems and U.S. Pat. No. 4887374 to Santarossa change the appearance of the firearm and require metal plates to be fitted to the butt of the firearm, most of which are very unattractive to a expensive firearm. To keep the same length of pull with the owners butt stock, the stock must be cut off and this effects the value of the firearm greatly.
Therefore the objects of the invention include: providing a cheap and easy method for changing the butt plate on a firearm, providing a means for more than one person to use the same gun in a shooting contest, providing a storage area for keys, matches and extra ammo, providing the average shooter of muzzle loading guns a place to carry the items they need for shooting.
Today more of the firearms being made have hollow stocks and this would be a natural area for the shooter to use.
Other, more particular objects and features of the invention will be in part recognized by those skilled in the art and will in part appear from the following description of the preferred embodiments and the claims, taken together with the drawings.

Shoulder-end attachment system for firearms


A refrigerated display case having a front and including a duct to direct an air stream flow through a bottom, a back, and a top of the refrigerated display case, a guide vane communicating with the top of the duct to redirect the air stream flow along the front of the refrigerated display case, and a receiver coupled to the bottom of the duct to accept the air stream flow redirected by the guide vane. The guide vane includes a top wall, a bottom wall, a pair of side walls, a first end region, a second end region, a plurality of internal wall, and a plurality of flow paths extending between the first end region and the second end region and defined between the pair of side walls, and at least two of the top wall, the bottom wall, a first internal wall of the plurality of internal walls, and a second internal wall of the plurality of internal walls.

Typically, a front of a refrigerated display case utilizes an air curtain to maintain a controlled temperature within the refrigerated display case. The air curtain may function as a barrier between refrigerated air and ambient air. The air curtain is typically created by discharging air from an air discharge located at a top-front portion of the refrigerated display case and receiving air at an air return located at a bottom-front portion of the refrigerated display case. It would be desirable to provide a guide vane for use with the air discharge to create an efficient air velocity profile for the air curtain.

Guide vane for refrigerated display case


A mobile machine includes an internal combustion engine operatively connected to a plurality of propulsion devices for travel over a work surface. The mobile machine can include an electronic controller that receives condition data signals indicative of the operating state or condition of the mobile machine from a plurality of condition input sensors. The electronic controller compares the condition data signals with condition threshold to determine whether to operate the internal combustion engine in accordance with rated engine speed range or an adjusted engine speed range.

Various types of mobile machines are used to conduct different types of earth working operations to alter the topology at a worksite in industries such as construction, mining and agriculture. Typically, such machines will include a ground-engaging implement for altering the work surface such as a blade or a bucket that can physically displace the earthen material at the work site. Examples of such mobile machines can include motor graders, dozers, wheel loaders, excavators and the like.
To propel the mobile machine about the worksite, including during use of the ground-engaging implement, the mobile machine can include a prime mover such as an internal combustion engine that can generate and transmit torque or rotational power through a drivetrain to a plurality of propulsion devices like wheels. To adjust the rotational speed associated with the output of the internal combustion engine, the drivetrain can include a transmission having a plurality of gears that can be selectively engaged to change the gear ratio of the transmission, and thus the rotational speed and torque transmitted to the propulsion devices.
In some circumstances, it may be desirable to enable a relatively finer degree of control over the rotational speed of the drivetrain even when operating within a particular gear ratio. For example, at the end of an earth-working operation, the ground-engaging implement of the mobile machine may be used to perform highly precise alterations to the worksite, a process that may be referred to as finishing. The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for regulating the operation of an internal combustion engine and drivetrain to enable a greater degree of control over the speed of the mobile machine for such purposes.


A new geometric instrument-compass for a practical use that allows the trisection of an arbitrary angle as well as retains its effective functionality for operations that can be performed by the conventional compass is disclosed. The design proposed makes this new compass universal in terms of its applicability, namely, it can be used in a vertical position as the conventional compass (depending on the purpose or convenience of the user) and can be used in horizontal position (if it is required to perform the trisection of an angle or even some other operations generally performed by the conventional compass). The simplicity of the design and effectiveness of operations makes this instrument an attractive tool for practical application.

For thousands of years, angle trisection by means of a ruler and compass has been a problem of interest. In order to realize the significance of this problem, I would like to bring the readers' attention to a few-historical facts that are directly related to it.
The above mentioned problem is so old that it goes back to the ancient times. Even the eminent Archimedes (287-212 B.C.) was trying to solve this problem. Thousands of mathematicians of all generations have thought to solve this problem. Like a magnet it attracts and fascinates the minds of people.
On some occasions, those who have proclaimed to have solved the problem would receive enormous attention, and the issue had been widely advertised in the press. For example in 1931 the president of Duquesne University, Jeremiah Joseph Callahan, declared that he had solved the problem. "TIME" magazine has written an article about the discovery. However, eventually it has been proven that Callahan's solution is wrong.
In 1960, the honorable Daniel Inouye, who represented Hawaii in Congress, had given a speech in which he glorified the achievements of artist M. Kidgell, who according to him was able to solve this problem. M. Kidgell and K. Young has written a book "Two hours, which shook the mathematical world". In 1959 both of the authors traveled all over the U.S. to give lectures about the remarkable achievements of M. Kidgell. San-Francisco TV has even made a special show "Puzzle of Centuries". According to Congressman Inouye the Kidgell solution is taught in hundreds of schools and colleges in the U.S. and also in Canada. The Kidgell solution, however, was also proven to be wrong.
Although, there is already a rigorous proof that this problem cannot be solved with the use of a compass, many people are still trying to solve it, and the French Academy of Science has set a special prize in the case of a solution.
In some other cases, people have proposed new devices that would perform angle trisection. An example is the device of London attorney A. Kempe (shown as FIG. 1A) or another device (FIG. 1B). However, as one may notice, these devices are limited just to the solution of the problem of an angle trisection, and therefore they have only a historical interest.
In general, it must be emphasized that the instruments, which have been invented so far, were proposed and designed in such a way that they would be limited only to perform the solution of the trisection problem or division of an angle into equal parts. Also, they are more complicated than is in fact needed (as will be demonstrated here) to solve the problem of angle trisection.
In view of this, I must immediately indicate that the instrument which is proposed here is not only new in terms of its design and operation to perform the trisection, it is also distinguished from the aforementioned geometric instruments by the fact that its functionality is not limited to the solution of the trisection problem. This new invented instrument may perform all the necessary operations as effectively as the conventional compass.
Let me start with the presentation and solution of a problem that is directly related to this new invention and helps to understand the mathematical background and correctness of the new compass in its operation.
Given: The triangle ABO such, that the side AB=BO, i.e. ABO is an isosceles triangle. PA0 Prove: The angle DAC=.alpha. is a third of the angle DOC=3.alpha.? (see FIG. 2). PA0 Solution: Since ABO is an isosceles triangle, then the angle BAO=BOA=.alpha.(=DAC). Now, since the angle DBO is an exterior angle, then it is equal to the sum of the angles BAO and BOA, i.e. equal to 2.alpha.. By considering the triangle DBO, we can see that it is also. an isosceles triangle, since the sides BO and OD are equal as radiuses. This, in turn, means that the angle ODB is equal to the angle DBO and is equal to 2.alpha.. Finally, the consideration of the triangle DAO and the angle DOC (which is an exterior angle) suggests that DOC is equal to the sum of the angles BAO=.alpha. and ODB=2.alpha.. Thus, DOC=3.alpha.. PA0 Given: An arbitrary angle AOB=3.alpha.. PA0 Find: An angle which is 1/3 of the angle AOB, i.e. angle .alpha. and by that means perform the trisection of the angle AOB? (See FIGS. 3).
This proves the above statement that the angle DAC=.alpha. is a third of the angle DOC=3.alpha.. It also raises an important question, namely, can we construct, by means of a conventional compass, an angle which is a third of an arbitrary given angle and thus to solve the problem of angle trisection.
As a matter of fact, this problem was constructed by Archimedes, when he was considering to solve the trisection problem. He was trying to find, exactly, the point B (or A) such, that after the line was drawn through points B (or A) and D by intersecting the extension of the line OC, the segment AB would be equal to the radius of the circle. As it turned out, it was impossible.
However, as we will learn in the next section, the newly proposed compass easily allows the trisection of an arbitrary angle.

Compass with angle trisecting capability


A method for reducing interference within a communication system is provided herein. The method comprising the steps of receiving a signal y(n), where y(n) comprises a desired signal, s(n), and a co-channel interfering signal, i(n), wherein s(n) and i(n) are not time-synchronized, converting y(n) into a frequency-domain signal Y(k), calculating a weight vector W(k), wherein W(k) is based on s(n) and i(n), and additionally based on a time offset T existing between s(n) and i(n), and applying W(k) to Y(k) in order to equalize the desired signal, s(n), and reduce co-channel interference i(n).

Interference often hinders performance of communication systems. One type of interference often encountered by a user within a communication system is interference generated by the transmissions of other users. This is typically caused by many users transmitting within the same frequency band, and is referred to as co-channel interference. In order to reduce co-channel interference many communication systems employ a frequency reuse pattern, where transmitters in adjacent cells transmit on different frequencies. However, given the price of spectrum, future communications systems will be characterized by aggressive frequency reuse patterns that will result in significantly increased levels of co-channel interference.
Notwithstanding the above, more and more system operators are taking advantage of unlicensed frequency bands for transmitting information. Because the number of transmitters within an unlicensed frequency band is not restricted, there exists the potential of greatly increased co-channel interference. Additionally, because operators within the unlicensed band do not have to synchronize to a common source, typical co-channel interference is asynchronous in that the interfering signal does not align in time with the desired signal.
Because co-channel interference can greatly reduce the efficiency of a communication system, and because co-channel interference can be both synchronous and asynchronous, a need exists for a method and apparatus for reducing both synchronous and asynchronous co-channel interference within a communication system.

Method and apparatus for reducing interference within a communication system