FETs and quantum well diodes are combined on the same semi-insulating substrate, while providing the FETs with protection from spurious voltages. A deeply buried P region in the semi-insulating substrate is partitioned by a high resistivity proton implanted region, to provide both the P region of the quantum well diode and an isolating buried P layer for the FETs.

FET-SEED integrated circuits offer considerable promise in optoelectronic processing, particularly for use in optoelectronic switches. SEEDs, because of the low energy requirements of their quantum well components, can receive optical inputs and provide optical outputs with a high degree of efficiency. They can be combined in simple circuits with minimal conductive paths, parasitic capacitance and line termination problems. For a survey of SEED devices and their applications, see D. A. B. Miller, "Quantum Well Optoelectronic Switching Devices," International Journal of High Speed Electronics, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 19-46 (1990).
One shortcoming of SEEDs for use in optoelectronic switching is the dependence of switching speed on the laser power level. In a large scale switching system the laser power provided to a large array of SEEDs may be subdivided by thousands in order to power each SEED in the array. Moreover, optical loss in spot generation further reduces the optical input power. Hence to achieve needed speeds in the range of hundreds of megabits per second, it is necessary to amplify the electrical signal from the quantum well receiving diode before applying the amplified signal to the input of the quantum well modulation diode.
While the FET is a good candidate for integration with quantum well diodes to form FET-SEED integrated circuits, integration which achieves high performance in both the FETs and the quantum well diodes without degrading the performance of one or the other must overcome a number of difficulties. For example, typical prior art quantum well diodes utilize a mesa structure presenting a difficult topography for defining FET gate regions with high precision. Moreover ideal FET channel layers often are highly optically absorbing and extension of such layers over optically sensitive diode regions can degrade diode performance. Furthermore FETs are voltage sensitive and the semi-insulating layers used in the fabrication of quantum well diodes permit the build up and lateral spread of spurious voltages which can degrade FET performance.
Contemplated electrooptic switching applications comprising large arrays of FETs and SEEDs require high performance components. The SEEDs must operate at hundred megabit speeds with low optical power, and the FETs must control source to drain voltages on the order of 10 V but must completely switch with a low magnitude threshold voltage on the order of -0.5 V in order to minimize the number of reference voltage leads.


A vending machine system for loading and dispensing pre-baked unpackaged food including a fixed cartridge disposed in a refrigerator of a vending machine, and a transport cartridge adapted to removably attach to the fixed cartridge, the transport cartridge operable for holding trays of unpackaged food and loading the trays of unpackaged food from the transport cartridge into the fixed cartridge, wherein, when the transport cartridge is removably attached to the fixed cartridge, a front opening of the transport cartridge aligns with a front opening of the fixed cartridge, and wherein the rack of the transport cartridge aligns with the conveyor system of the fixed cartridge such that trays of unpackaged food within the transport cartridge can simultaneously be transitioned from the rack to the conveyor system.

Conventional vending machines for dispensing food items typically include a refrigeration component for preventing spoilage, a heating component for heating food items to a servable temperature, a food handler for transitioning food items within the machine, a dispenser for dispensing the food items, and a transaction component for processing payment.
Conventional vending machines for dispensing food items are typically stocked with factory prepared, pre-packaged foods items, and therefore are incapable of accommodating locally prepared unpackaged food items. Factory prepared food items, while often long-lasting, lack the freshness of locally prepared food and therefore are less desirable to a consumer. Further, vending machines stocked with factory prepared food items require package removal components for removing the food item from the packaging and/or protective film covering prior to heating, which adds cost and complexity to the vending machine,
In an effort to improve food duality, vending machines have been developed that prepare and cook food items "on-demand" using pre-packaged ingredients. While these machines are an improvement in terms of freshness, there are inherent complexities and disadvantages associated with handling ingredients, complex food preparation, and time to prepare the food.
Therefore, to overcome the disadvantages of prior art vending machines for dispensing food items, what is needed is a vending machine configured to dispense locally prepared, unpackaged food items in an efficient and sanitary manner. Such a vending machine would provide local businesses an opportunity to expand locations, increase sales and automate food service, among other advantages.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Vending machine and transport cartridge systems and methods


An electronic control system for a machine having a boom assembly and an implement assembly. A microprocessor is provided having an input and generating first and second output signals. A first electrohydraulic valve is connected to receive the first output signal from the microprocessor, and connected to position the boom assembly in response to the first output signal. A second electrohydraulic valve is connected to receive the second output signal from the microprocessor, and connected to position the implement assembly in response to the second output signal. A boom position sensor is disposed on the boom assembly or the implement assembly and connected to send a boom position input signal to the microprocessor, the microprocessor being connected to receive the boom position input signal and generate at least one of the first output signal and the second output signal, thereby controlling a position of the implement assembly relative to the boom assembly.

Skid steer loaders are work vehicles that include four wheels rotatably mounted to a frame, an engine mounted on the frame and connected by a transmission to rotate at least two wheels, a cab compartment mounted on the frame that includes a seat for an operator, manual controls and a display panel disposed in the cab compartment, a boom assembly rotatably mounted on the frame and connected to a pair of hydraulic boom cylinders for moving the boom assembly, and an implement assembly connected to the boom assembly. Typically, one or more hydraulic cylinders are used to manipulate the implement assembly. Preferably, the implement assembly is a bucket assembly, wherein the implement is a bucket and a pair of hydraulic bucket cylinders is used to move the bucket assembly. Other types of work vehicles that are similar to skid steer loaders include tractors and bulldozers.
To operate the hydraulic boom cylinders and the hydraulic bucket cylinders, an operator in the cab manipulates either hand or foot controls. The skid steer loader, or similar work vehicle, includes an electronic control circuit system that includes an onboard computer, microprocessor, or controller. For the purposes of this disclosure, a computer, microprocessor, or controller are considered to be equivalent and interchangeable elements. The onboard computer operates solenoids of electrohydraulic valves that activate the hydraulic boom and bucket cylinders. To ensure the safe operation of the work vehicle, the electronic control system can be configured to include a safety feature that enables the operation of the electrohydraulic solenoid valves of the hydraulic cylinders only when a safety switch circuit is properly activated. One such electrical circuit forming the controller of a boom solenoid valve is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,856,612 and 4,871,044 to Clevenger, Jr. et al. and to Strrosser et al. respectively, both of which are incorporated herein in their entirely by reference. In the electrical circuit of this controller, there is a built in safety feature wherein the controller cannot operate the boom solenoid valve unless both the belt switch and a seat switch were activated by the simultaneous conditions of (a) having the seat belt restraint mechanism engaged and (b) having an operator sitting in the operator's seat.
U.S. Patent Application Publication U.S. 2001/0007087 A1 to Brandt et al., which is also incorporated herein by reference for all it discloses, teaches a computer based control system for a skid steer loader that includes a computer receiving inputs from a control panel, various sensors, hand grip and foot pedal inputs, and a seat bar sensor. The computer generates outputs to hydraulic actuators and associated valves, and to electromechanical devices.
The prior work vehicles have several drawbacks. First, it is desirable to permit an operator to select enablement of either hand or foot controls for manipulating the boom assembly and the bucket assembly. In addition, because the boom assembly and the bucket assembly are manually controlled separately, the operator can mistakenly dump out the contents of the bucket inadvertently. In some cases, such as when operating a fork lift, it may be an advantage to manipulate the boom assembly while maintaining a constant angular bucket position (i.e. horizontal) of a fork lift work implement to the ground or to the work vehicle. Therefore, it would be beneficial to provide an electronic control system for a work vehicle that includes a multi-mode self-leveling bucket option for maintaining a constant angular bucket position of the bucket to the ground, to the work vehicle, or to some returnable position of advantage.
The present invention endeavors to provide an improved electronic control system for a work vehicle, or like machine, having a boom assembly and a work implement assembly connected to the boom assembly so that the improved electronic control system of the present invention maintains the benefits of the prior electronic control systems while overcoming the drawbacks of these prior control systems.
Accordingly, one object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art electronic control systems for work vehicles and like machines.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic control system for work vehicles, and like machines, that includes a safety switch to prevent enablement of the solenoids of the boom assembly and the bucket assembly unless an operator is sitting in the operator's seat and/or the seat belt restraint device has been properly secured.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic control system for work vehicles, and like machines, that includes a multi-mode self-leveling bucket option for maintaining a constant angular bucket position of the bucket to the ground, to the work vehicle, or to some desired retrievable position of advantage.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic control system for work vehicles, and like machines, that permits the selection and enablement of either hand or foot controls to manipulate the boom assembly and the implement assembly.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic control system for work vehicles, and like machines, that is practical and cost effective to manufacture.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic control system for work vehicles, and like machines, that is both durable and reliable.
Of course, while the electronic control system for work vehicles, and like machines, will be described for use in skid steer loaders and like machines, another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic control system for a machine having a boom assembly and an implement assembly connected to the boom assembly, wherein the machine can be a self-propelled machine or a stationary machine.

Electronic control system for skid steer loader controls


A process for the preparation of 14-alkoxyindolomorphinans and 14-alkoxybenzofuranomorphinans is disclosed. The process facilitates the preparation of a large variety of 14-alkoxy substituted indolomorphinans and benzofuranomorphinans in which a 3-hydroxy substituent is present.

Opioid antagonists have been indispensable as tools in opioid research. For example, the chief criterion for the classification of an agonist effect as being opioid receptor mediated is the ability of known opioid antagonists naloxone or naltrexone to reversibly antagonize this effect in a competitive fashion. The usefulness of naloxone and naltrexone for this purpose stems from the fact that they are universal opioid antagonists; that is, they are capable of antagonizing the agonist effects mediated by multiple opioid receptor types.
In addition to their uses as pharmacological tools, selective, non-peptide opioid antagonists have been described as having potential clinical applications in the treatment of a variety of disorders where endogenous opioids play a modulatory role. These include for instance disorders of food intake, shock, constipation, mental disorders, CNS injury, alcoholism, and immune function (P. S. Portoghese at al., J. Med. Chem., Vol. 34: 1757-1762, 1991).
Non-peptide, competitive, .delta.-selective opioid antagonists have been found to have immunosuppressive potency and less toxicity than the presently used immunosuppressive compound cyclosporin (EP 456 833; EP 485 636; EP 614 898; K. Arakawa et al., Transplantation, Vol. 53: 951-953, 1992; K. Arakawa et al., Transplant Proc., Vol. 24: 696-697, 1992; K. Arakawa et al., Transplant Proc., Vol. 25: 738-740, 1993). Such immunosuppressive agents can be used after organ transplantation to suppress the rejection of the foreign organ and also in the treatment of autoimmune diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis).
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,223,507 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,417 the synthesis of 14-O-substituted indolomorphinans and benzofuranomorphinans have been disclosed. According to the process used for preparing the compounds claimed and disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,223,507, only a 3,14-dimethoxy substituted benzofuranomorphinan was prepared. According to the process used for preparing compounds claimed and disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,417, two 14-O-alkyl substituted benzofuranomorphinans have been prepared. According to the methods used for preparing the compounds of both the two mentioned prior art documents, the 3-hydroxy group was protected by a methyl group which is not easily removed without having a loss in yield.
According to the processes known from the prior art, the variations of the substituents at the oxygen in position 14 are very much limited when a 3-hydroxy group is supposed to be present in the molecule. It is for instance not possible to prepare compounds with a substituent at the oxygen in 14-position, as this position is labile to the conditions used for the cleavage of the 3-methoxy group.
Thus, the object of the present invention was to find a new process which would facilitate the preparation of 14-O-substituted indolomorphinans and benzofuranomorphinans.
The present patent application discloses a process whereby naloxone, naltrexone or oxymorphone is used as the starting material, whereby the 14-alkoxy group is introduced after the protection of the oxygen in 3-position with an easily removable protecting group, preferably benzyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, trityl or silyl, thereby providing a process enabling the synthesis of compounds involving 14-O-substitution.

Process for the preparation of morphinans


A quantitative fluorometer for multiple fluorophores having a separate time-modulated beam of excitation light for each fluorescent target. Each beam is synchronized with a separate lock-in amplifier. The fluorophores are simultaneously excited and the combined fluorescent emission is resolved into components corresponding to each fluorophore. Confocal scanning means are used to excite and detect fluorescent emission from locations throughout a volume. The location specific output of each amplifier is stored in a computer which resolves the emission into the components corresponding to each fluorophore. The location specific data may be further processed or visually displayed.

Recent development of fluorescent indicator dyes for biologically important intracellular components has made it possible to follow the time-dependent distribution of these components in intact cells. For example, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,049,673, 4,849,362 and 4,603,208.
The emitted fluorescent radiation from a fluorophore in response to excitation at a single wavelength generally represents a broad band of wavelengths. The spectra of emissions from different fluorophores will generally overlap. This is a major problem in many practical applications involving multiple fluorophores, making quantitative measurements of the individual fluorophores difficult or impossible.
Fluorophores absorb excitation radiation at more than one wavelength. The absorption spectra of different fluorophores may thus also overlap. In summary, in the past fluorescent detection has been primarily limited to cases where the absorption spectra overlap only to a small extent or where the wavelength regions of spectral overlap of the emissions can be suppressed by optical filtering. In the latter case separation is achieved at the expense of losing valuable signal intensity.
When a fluorophore is excited by light having a sinusoidally modulated intensity the fluorescence emitted is also sinusoidally modulated. The modulation frequencies are the same but the phase of the emitted fluorescence is shifted by an amount related to the lifetime of the fluorophore's excited state. U.S. Pat. No. 4,937,457 to Mitchell discloses a frequency domain spectrofluorometer which uses a single wavelength of excitation modulated at multiple harmonically related phase-locked frequencies to simultaneously determine the spectral response and phase shift of a single fluorophore to the entire range of modulation frequencies employed. The data produced is used to determine the fluorescence lifetime of a fluorophore.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,032,714 to Takahashi et al. a light waveform measuring device is used for measuring the lifetime of fluorescent light produced due to pulsed laser excitation. Two laser beams of different frequencies, at least one of which is pulsed, are used to produce a single-frequency pulsed beam selected from the sum frequency mixing of the beams. The output beam is pulsed at the same rate as the pulsed input beam which is used to trigger a single-photon detector or streak camera. The detector is thereby synchronized to the exciting beam.
Identification and discrimination of multiple fluorophores in a sample is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,047,321 to Loken et al. Each component must have a distinguishable characteristic peak emission wavelength at which a detector is set. Fluorophores may be excited with a single wavelength or multiple wavelengths, but detection occurs in regions where the peak emission spectra do not overlap.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,628,026 to Gardell et al. an automated system for the sequential and alternate irradiation of a specimen by two distinguishable wavelengths of light is disclosed. The system classifies specimens based on the quotient of the fluorescent light intensities sequentially received from the specimen in response to the two excitation wavelengths.
Simultaneous recording of multiple fluorophores excited by a single wavelength using spectral filtering or separation is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,833,332 to Robertson, Jr. et al. The fluorophores which have overlapping emission spectra are distinguished by the ratio of their emissions transmitted by two spectral filters having complementary transmission spectra. The system is not capable of quantitative determinations.
The prior art devices which measure fluorescence at only one peak emission wavelength are unable to simultaneously quantitate multiple fluorophores using the total emission from each fluorophore. Those devices which rely on spectral separation to distinguish multiple fluorophores are unable to separate the total contribution of each fluorophore from the combined emission spectrum detected.
It is an object to provide an improved microfluorometer capable of simultaneously quantitating multiple fluorophores with greater efficiency.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved microfluorometer which simultaneously utilizes the entire emissions of multiple fluorophores or the entire emission spectra except possibly for minor parts.
It is a further object to provide an improved microfluorometer capable of separating the contribution from fluorophores having overlapping absorption spectra from the combined emission spectrum detected.

Apparatus for quantitative imaging of multiple fluorophores


A Proximity Locator System for individuals includes a credit card size card which is carried in an individual's wallet. The card is provided with a wireless communication device which is used in conjunction with a locating device to locate an individual. This may be utilized to locate individuals lost at sea, in an avalanche, or under the debris of a fallen building. The communication device on the card may be solar powered or activated by a RF signal from the locator device. The card does not require a battery to power the communication device. Therefore it may be carried by and individual and activated at any time. In this manner it is fully operational when someone is attempting to locate the card. The card also contains a smart chip with vital information about the individual which can be accessed by individuals with different authority levels.

Whenever an individual is lost the first and most significant problem is how to locate the individual. Today most individuals who go into wilderness areas carry Global Positioning System (GPS) devices and cellular of satellite phones. If the individual becomes lost or injured they can use the GPS device to determine their longitude and latitude and then call for help on their phone. With the longitude and latitude information the rescue team can quickly locate and recover the individual. Not everyone that enters the wilderness has a GPS device and cellular or satellite phone with them. Should them become lost or injured the authorities are not notified until the individual fails to return at a preselected time to a specific location. The individuals who contact the authorities may or may not know the approximate location of the lost individual. Also, the individual may have chosen to go to an area different from the area where he had indicated that he would be. Locating the individual becomes a very difficult task if the individual has been lost for an extended period of time or lost at sea. Until now the most widely used method of finding the individual was to send out a large number of people and visually search for the person. This is a very tedious and time consuming task. Another problem is that of human error. A member of the search party can easily overlook the lost individual if they are searching a vast area from a plane or boat.
There currently exist a number of locating devices which employ transmitters that broadcast on selected frequencies. There frequencies can be monitored by rescue personnel to assist in locating the lost individuals. These are EPIRB, Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon, utilized in the maritime industry; ELT, Emergency Locator Transmitter, used in the aircraft industry and PLB, Personal Locator Beacon, used by individuals in recreation of other activities. These devices require power sources such as batteries to operate the transmitters. Some of these devices are not small nor readily transportable by individuals. In addition, these devices are not normally carried by the individual unless the individual knows that they are going to areas where problems may exist.
Other problems exist if the individual becomes buried under snow or other debris. Visual identification is not possible and therefore other techniques must be employed. In these situations trained dogs or thermal sensors are used to located the lost individual. These techniques have their own limitations. Thermal sensors do not have a very long operating range and trained dogs are not always readily available nor can they be used in water environments.
There exists a need for a locating system that can be readily carried by an individual, can operate if the individual is unconscious and can provide identification and medical information to rescue personnel.


An apparatus and associated method for a frame that is configured to rotate a workpiece around an axis of rotation. The apparatus has a measurement device, and a known fixture that is supported by the frame. A processor is configured to execute stored computer instructions to initially-calibrate the measurement device to the axis of rotation, to employ the initially-calibrated measurement device to obtain an initial-calibration value of the known fixture, to store the initial-calibration value in a digital memory, to subsequently use the initially-calibrated measuring device to obtain an in-process automatic recalibration (IPAR) value of the known fixture, and to compare the IPAR value to the initial-calibration value to calculate a compensation value indicating positional error of the apparatus.

The present technology relates to initial-calibration and in-process automatic recalibration of a CNC (computer numerical control) lathe using a touch trigger probe mounted on a tool-holding turret. The touch trigger probe can be used to capture data indicating x, y, and z coordinates of the probe while moving in a programmed path. The probe can be used for in-process part inspection and, in turn, for controlling the CNC lathe as a result of the inspections to compensate for position error.
The present technology resolves deficiencies in previously attempted solutions such as calibrating against the lathe chuck, calibrating against a surface machined in a work piece, or calibrating against a known reference dimension in the turret or mounted on an arm in the machine, because none of those previously attempted solutions automatically reference, compare, compensate and alert for inherent shifts or movements of the machine tool that can occur during machining. The previously attempted solutions provide a way to start out in a calibrated state, but do not enable the machine with the intelligence to automatically recalibrate in response to inherent variations in the CNC lathe.
A comparison to this phenomenon would be the trim function used in an airplane. A pilot trims the plane to fly on a specific path without climbing or descending. The trim will stay on this known path in perfect conditions. However, an airplane never flies in perfect conditions and the trim can get off because of variations such as passenger movement, change in wind patterns, decrease in weight because of fuel consumption or change in ambient temperature. The pilot has to recognize these changes and re-trim the plane to get back on the right path of travel. However, a plane equipped with autopilot can recognize deviation in the plane's line of travel and autocorrect the trim without the need of pilot intervention.
In the current machine art, a lathe operator would have to intervene and manually recalibrate the machine tool when calibration is lost. Positional error in a CNC lathe can cause the cutting tool to make a nonconforming part while the probe measures the nonconforming part as appearing to be conforming. The problem with this is that the previously attempted solutions require the operator's human judgment to detect if the CNC lathe is out of calibration, instead of equipping the machine with intelligence to ascertain position error and continuously compensate for the position error.


When an insertion portion of a clip is inserted into a through hole and passes through the through hole, lug portions revert toward their original shape, and the top faces of the lug portions are contactable with peripheral edge portions of the through hole. An operation lever is inserted into a fixing hole of a body panel in this state, and after passing through the fixing hole, the operation lever reverts toward its original shape, and the operation lever is contactable to peripheral edge portions of the fixing hole. An operation portion is tilted from this state, and a lock bar is engaged with a lock groove. Movement of the operation lever is thereby restricted, and a housing is fixed to the body panel.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a fixing employed when fixing a fixing object to a fixing member, to a fixing structure of a fixing object, to a fixing method for a fixing object, and to a method for unfixing a fixing.
2. Related Art
In order to attach a rear combination lamp to an automobile, for example in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-108781, first members are attached to respective attachment holes formed at specific positions in a vehicle body panel (body panel), an anchoring frame is formed to the lamp base (rear combination lamp housing), and respective second members are attached to the anchoring frame. The lamp base is then attached to the vehicle body panel by mounting the second members to the first members, however, the number of components is large, and operability is not good.

Fixing, fixing structure of fixing object, fixing method for fixing object, and method for unfixing fixing


In a period of time during which an image effect is being selected, a synthesized image in which the selected image effect is synthesized to an input image is generated and the operation of the image effect of the synthesized image is automatically and repeatedly displayed, thereby allowing the user to check what kind of operation the currently-selected fade function is before recording.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image pickup apparatus and a method of controlling the same, and relates to for example, a technique that is suitable when used in controlling the image pickup apparatus such as a video camera having a function of performing image effect of fade processing and the like on a recording signal or a reproduced signal.
2. Related Background Art
Conventionally, as an image effect, fade effects such as fade-in in which the entire screen first gradually appears on the imaging screen from a white screen or a black screen as time passes and then the entire image which is being output from image pickup element (through image) appears, and a fade-out in which the through image first appears and gradually changes to end in the white screen or the black screen as time passes are known.
Such fade function includes a function in which the fade-in operation is not performed until the recording medium is set in the camera main body, the fade function selected by the user from a plurality of fade functions is set to an enabled state, and the photographed image is recorded.
However, conventionally, since the image effect process of fade, wipe and the like selected by the user is performed only after the recording medium such as tape is inserted and the photographed image is recorded, the operation of fade effect selected before photograph recording could not be checked. Thus, it was difficult to determine which effect carries out what kind of operation, when the image effect is selected, and the image photographed using the fade effect the user did not intend may be recorded.
When the image effect process such as the selected fade, wipe and the like is applied during recording, a series of image effect operations are performed in real time during photographing, and thus it takes a long time until the user is able to check the operation of the selected image effect.
Further, in order to check the operation of the image effect, the actual recordation must be performed, and the procedures of selecting and setting a desired effect from a plurality of actual image effects and then recording must be carried out, and thus it takes a long time until a desired fade function is selected and thus the photographer may miss an important scene.
According to the present invention, the check on what kind of operation the fade function currently selected performs can be made in a short period of time.

Image pickup apparatus and method of controlling same


The invention relates to a sustained release tablet containing diclofenac-Na as active material and methylhydroxypropylcellulose as sustained release agent.

1) Field of the Invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a tablet containing diclofenac-Na which provides sustained release of the active material.
2) Background Art
Tablets containing diclofenac-Na as the active material and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose as carrier and additive are known from WO-A-9 501 781. However, it is desirable to provide sustained release tablets which provide sustained release of the active material, so that an effective plasma concentration of diclofenac-Na is ensured even after a long interval of time (>12 hours).

Sustained release tablet containing diclofenac-Na and methylhydroxypropyl-cellulose as a sustained release agent


A vehicle includes a keypad including a near-field communication (NFC) sensor, and a processor. The processor is programmed to operate in a normal mode of operation, in which remote keyless entry (RKE) or passive-entry passive-start (PEPS) functions are allowed; operate in a privacy mode of operation, in which the RKE or PEPS functions are disallowed; responsive to detection of an authorized access device via the NFC sensor while in the normal mode, and to receipt of a lock command within a predetermined time from the detection of the access device, transition from the normal mode to the privacy mode; and responsive to detection of the authorized access device via the NFC sensor while in the privacy mode, transition from the privacy mode to the normal mode.

Vehicle key fobs may be used to allow a user to gain access to a vehicle. Some fob devices operate such that when a button is pressed on the fob, the device sends a code to the vehicle to instruct the vehicle to unlock the vehicle. PEPS key fobs operate to provide response to a challenge pulse train sent by the vehicle, where if a proper response is received by the vehicle then the door may be unlocked by a user grasping the door handle.
Phone-as-a-key (PaaK) systems are being introduced to allow users to utilize their phones to unlock a vehicle without requiring a key fob device. These systems may operate similar to a key fob, but where the phone communicates with the vehicle over BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY (BLE) or other mobile device wireless technologies.
Keypads may be positioned on the exterior of a vehicle and may also be used to lock and unlock the vehicle. The driver may unlock the door in response to successfully inputting a factory code on the keypad, which is a code including a sequence of numbers or other such characters. The driver may also use the factory code to program a new code, sometimes referred to as a personalized code, which may be easier to remember than the factory code and usable to unlock the vehicle with the keypad.

NFC activation of vehicle entry privacy mode


A method of aligning an optics deck in six degrees of freedom comprising: mounting an optics deck having a scanline slot on an optics alignment station by means of three adjustable leveler assemblies located at three apexes of a triangle which enclose the slot and whose sides establish axes about which adjustment of the leveler assemblies is carried out such that the bottom surface of the optics deck is parallel to the optics alignment station and at a known height relative to the optics alignment station; translating the optics deck to bring it into proper optical alignment by translating the deck linearly along an axis coincident with the center line of the slot and rotationally about first and second points coincident with the end points of the scan line; and fixing the optics deck after the translating to the leveler assemblies.

In optical imaging systems, such as laser printers, using optics modules, it is very important to properly align the optics module to the film plane of the imaging unit. Failure to do so will result in a misalignment of the image to the film or in a focusing error. Proper alignment is typically done in one of two ways. The optics module is either aligned in the machine in which it will be used, or it is aligned in an alignment fixture outside of the machine and then transferred to the machine.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,318,135, issued Mar. 2, 1982, inventors Allis et al., discloses an alignment system for scanning arrays. A linear array of photosensitive elements is mounted on a carrier which is in turn attached to a floating block. Threaded members can be moved in engagement with the block to provide adjustment of the array in three degrees of freedom in the plane of the array. The blocks can be adjusted in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the array by means of axially extending screws. One problem of the mount shown in this patent is that adjustment of any one of the threaded members produces motion of the array in more than one degree of freedom. This results in interactive adjustments requiring an interactive process which is difficult and time consuming.
Other optical device alignment techniques are disclosed in the following patents: U.S. Pat. No. 4,972,079 (corresponding to WO 91/01507), issued Nov. 20, 1990, inventor Blanding, discloses a mount for an optical device, such as a linear CCD array. The array is mounted on a base which is supported on a frame for adjustment relative thereto. The base is slidably movable on the frame for adjustment of the array in in-track and cross-track directions. The base is movable toward and away from the frame. Adjustment screws are provided to carry out adjustments.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,214,441, Issued May 25, 1993, inventors Blanding et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,294,943, issued Mar. 15, 1994, inventors Blanding et al., discloses techniques for aligning scan line optics with a target medium, such as a recording medium.
One of the problems disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,972,079, issued Nov. 20, 1990, inventor Blanding, is that adjustment in any one axis of an alignment fixture is likely to affect the other axes. They disclose a method to prevent such axis cross-talk. However, no method is given for ensuring accurate repositioning of the aligned optics module within the machine. Similarly, problems disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,294,943, issued Mar. 15, 1994, inventors Blanding et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,214,441, issued May 25, 1993, inventors Blanding et al., address a method to ensure accurate repositioning of the aligned module, but they do not address a method for preventing cross-axis talk.

Device for optics alignment and mounting


A rechargeable battery includes an electrode assembly including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator provided between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first current collecting plate electrically connected to the first electrode; a second current collecting plate electrically connected to the second electrode; and a case for receiving the electrode assembly, the first current collecting plate, and the second current collecting plate, wherein the first current collecting plate is electrically connected to an inner wall of the case.

1. Field
The embodiments relate generally to a rechargeable battery.
2. Description of the Related Art
Unlike a primary battery that is incapable of being recharged, a rechargeable battery can be repeatedly charged and discharged. A small-capacity rechargeable battery has been used for a small electronic device such as a mobile phone, a laptop computer, and a camcorder. A large-capacity rechargeable battery has been used as a power source for driving a motor of a hybrid vehicle.
Recently, a high power rechargeable battery has been introduced. The high power rechargeable battery uses a high energy density non-aqueous electrolyte. The high power rechargeable battery includes a plurality of rechargeable batteries coupled in series. Such a high power rechargeable battery has been used for an apparatus requiring high power, for example, for driving a motor of an electric vehicle.
The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the described technology and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.


A curable composition is characterized by comprising an organic polymer having at least one silicon-containing group which has a hydroxy or hydrolyzable group bonded to the silicon atom and which is crosslinkable by forming siloxane bonds, and a specific metal salt of a carboxylic acid. The composition ensures practical curability and recovery properties and has mechanical properties including high strength and high elongation.

It has been known that an organic polymer having at least one reactive silicon group has such an interesting property that it is crosslinked as a result of the formation of siloxane bonds accompanying the hydrolysis reaction of the reactive silicon group in the presence of moisture even at room temperature, thus obtaining a rubber-like cured article.
Among these polymers having a reactive silicon group, a polyoxyalkylene polymer and a polyisobutylene polymer are disclosed in Japanese Kokai Publication No. Sho-52-73998, Japanese Kokai Publication No. Hei-5-125272, Japanese Kokai Publication No. Hei-3-72527, Japanese Kokai Publication No. Sho-63-6003, Japanese Kokai Publication No. Sho-63-6041, Japanese Kokai Publication No. Hei-1-38407 and Japanese Kokai Publication No. Hei-8-231758. Particularly, the polyoxyalkylene polymer and the polyisobutylene polymer have already been produced industrially and widely used in applications such as sealing materials, adhesives, and paints.
In case the organic polymer is a saturated hydrocarbon polymer, the cured article is useful as sealing materials for buildings and sealing materials for double glazings because it is excellent in heat resistance, water resistance and weatherability. Furthermore, an isobutylene polymer containing a repeating unit originating in isobutylene in the total amount of 50% by weight or more is suited for use as moisture-proofing sealing materials because it is excellent in low moisture permeability and low gas permeability.
Since these sealing materials are generally used for the purpose of imparting watertightness and airtightness by filling into the joint or clearance between various members, its conformability to the portion to be applied for a long time is very important and it is required to exhibit sufficient elongation and strength.
In case such an organic polymer having a reactive silicon group is cured with crosslinking, a silanol condensation catalyst is used and also an amine compound such as laurylamine is often used as a promoter for the purpose of promoting the condensation reaction. As the silanol condensation catalyst, tin catalysts, for example, divalent tin such as tin octylate (2-ethylhexanoate) and tetravalent tin such as dibutyltin bisacetylacetonate are widely used. In case the portion where the sealing material is installed moves drastically, divalent tin is often used because a cured article having recovery properties is obtained.
However, in case divalent tin such as tin octylate is used in combination with a promoter such as amine compound, as a curing catalyst of the component (A), the resulting cured article is sometimes insufficient in strength and elongation, and thus it is required to further improve physical properties.
Almost all of the latter tetravalent tin catalysts are dibutyltin type catalysts and are widely used because the resulting cured article has relaxation property, i.e. property capable of following a long-term change in stress applied from the outside, and rapid curability and also it can be applied as a curing catalyst of a one-part curable composition. However, since toxicity becomes a problem when a small amount of tributyltin is contained therein, it is required to develop a tin-free silanol condensation catalyst.
In Japanese Kokoku Publication No. Sho-35-2795, Japanese Kokoku Publication No. Sho-32-3742, Japanese Kokoku Publication No. Sho-35-9639, and Japanese Kokoku Publication No. Sho-37-3271, carboxylic acid salts of tin and various tin-free carboxylic acid metal salts are disclosed as a curing catalyst of an organopolysiloxane composition. As an example wherein a tin-free carboxylic acid metal salt is used as a curing catalyst of a composition containing an organic polymer having a reactive silicon group, bismuth carboxylate (Japanese Kokai Publication No. Hei-5-39428 and Japanese Kokai Publication No. Hei-9-12860) and cerium carboxylate (Japanese Kokai Publication No. 2000-313814) are listed. However, there has never been studied intensively about various carboxylic acid metal salts.


An outdoor lighting fixture for providing coordinated visual and audio effects which includes a first housing adapted to be carried by a ceiling support, an electric light source mounted in the housing for directing light downwardly therefrom and a plurality of chime members, preferably tubular in configuration, depending from the housing in a laterally spaced array within the area below the light source. Upon activation of the light source in a light breeze, the chime members will contact one another to provide the melodic audio effect of a wind chime while their movement below the light source creates a moving shadow effect on the floor below having a tempo corresponding to that of the melodic audio effect created by the contacting chime elements.

The present invention relates to a lighting fixture for use out-of-doors which utilizes the wind to provide soothing and aesthetically pleasing audio and visual effects. Numerous types and configurations of lighting fixtures have previously been developed to provide a wide variety of visual effects. Typically such fixtures employ a light source, various types of electrical circuitry to effect intermittent illumination and/or some form of mechanical drive to effect movement of one or more objects relative to the light source to create the desired effects. Examples of such devices include strobe lights and lava lamps. Such devices are generally relatively expensive, not overly attractive and extremely repetitive in their visual effects.
The light fixture of the present invention combines a light source with a wind chime in a novel configuration to utilize the wind as the drive mechanism and the chimes as the moving objects and thus create a soothing visual effect which uniquely complements the tempo of the melodic sounds of the chimes. The coordinated audio and visual effects are attained without the need for any additional electrical circuitry or mechanical drive and thus at a minimal cost.

Outdoor lighting fixture providing audio and visual effects


A semiconductor system may include a first semiconductor device configured to output a command signal, a first power supply voltage, a second power supply voltage and a third power supply voltage. The semiconductor system may include a second semiconductor device configured to drive an internal power supply voltage with the first power supply voltage in response to an internal command signal generated by decoding the command signal, generate first output data from first internal data by being supplied with the internal power supply voltage and the second power supply voltage, and generate second output data from second internal data by being supplied with the internal power supply voltage and the second power supply voltage.

1. Technical Field
Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to a semiconductor device and a semiconductor system.
2. Related Art
In general, a portable appliance such as a mobile phone and a notebook computer are equipped with batteries for supplying power. As the power consumption of a semiconductor device used in the portable appliance is reduced, the run time of the battery may be increased. In the case of a portable appliance, as related technologies are developed, a high operation speed is required, and thus, the data transmission speed of a semiconductor device serves as an important factor that determines the operation speed of the portable appliance.
A semiconductor device includes an output data generation circuit for generating and outputting output data. The output data generation circuit operates by being supplied with a power supply voltage. With regards to a read operation, the output data generation circuit drives output data from internal data and thereby outputs the output data to an exterior of the semiconductor device. If the power supply voltage is supplied to the output data generation circuit even while the output data generation circuit does not operate, the current consumption of the semiconductor device cannot help but increase. Also, a driving force for the output data generation circuit to drive output data exerts an influence on an operation speed at which internal data is outputted from the semiconductor device. In the case where the driving force of the output data generation circuit is poor, the operation speed of the semiconductor device may become slow, and the precision of output data may be degraded, by which a mis-operation may be caused.

Semiconductor device and semiconductor system including the same


A rapid method and easy to use unitized test device is disclosed for determining the presence of Helicobacter pylori in a biological tissue specimen by detecting the presence of urease in the tissue. The system basically utilizes a multilayer test device for separating and optimizing the various reactions involved, i.e. the urease in the specimen with a substrate and the ammonia generated thereby with an indicator element.

1. Field of the Invention
The Present invention relates to a rapid dry reagent chemistry test for Helicobacter pylori. More specifically, it relates to a test for determining the presence of a urease producing microorganism such as Helicobacter pylori in human gastric mucosa biopsy specimens.
2. Background Including a Description of the Related Art
In the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal disorders, the determination of Helicobacter pylori (formerly known as campylobacter) is becoming increasingly important. The presence of spiral or curved microorganisms in biopsy specimens of human gastric mucosa has been recognized for several decades [Freedberg, A. S. and Barron, L. E., The presence of spirochetes in human gastric mucosa, AM. J. Dis. Dis., 7: 443-5, (1940)]. A bacterium with curved morphology was cultured from gastric-biopsy specimens from patients with gastritis in 1982 [Warren, J. R., Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis, Lancet, 1:1273, (1983)] and has recently been named Helicobacter pylori. Clinical research since 1982 indicates that H. pylori has a role in causing some forms of gastritis and might also be involved in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers [Peterson, W. L., Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease, New Eng. J. Med., 324: 1042-8, (1991)].
H. pylori grows on the gastric epithelium and does not penetrate the tissues. It is also found on tissue from the esophagus and duodenum. The bacterium appears to be protected from stomach acid by the action of a urease which the bacterium produces. The urease has very high specific activity [Dunn, B. E., et al., Purification and characterization of urease from Helicobacter pylori, J. Biol. Chem., 265: 9464-9, (1990)] and hydrolyzes endogenous urea from the host tissues to form ammonia which neutralizes stomach acid.
A recent publication suggests that the best means to diagnose H. pylori infections in gastric mucosa biopsies is a combination of culture and direct microscopic observation of the microorganism on tissue following histologic staining (Peterson, W. L., op. cit.). However, the value of culture for this purpose has been questioned [Martinez, E. and Marcos, A., Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease, Lancet, 325: 737, (1991)].
An alternative test for H. pylori utilizes its urease activity. A mucosal biopsy specimen is incubated in a medium containing urea and a pH sensitive dye [Owen, R. J., et al., Rapid urea hydrolysis by gastric Campylobacters, Lancet, 1: 111, (1985)]. Urease produced by H. pylori releases ammonia through hydrolysis of urea and when enough ammonia is produced to raise the pH of the medium the dye changes color. Human tissues do not produce urease and H. pylori is the principal urease producing microorganism that inhabits the stomach. Occasionally biopsy specimens contain other urease producing bacteria that grow in the assay medium during the incubation and produce a false positive result [Marshall, B. J., et al., Rapid urease tests in the management of Campylobacter pylori]. The urease test for H. pylori relies on preformed urease and cell growth is not required; therefore, the specificity of the test is improved by including a bactericide in the medium. This inhibits the growth of other microorganisms that might contaminate the specimen (loc. cit.).
A commercial test for H. pylori, named CLOtest, described and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,748,113, detects urease activity on biopsy specimens. The incubation medium is solidified by including a gelling agent. This medium also contains phenol red which turns pink when ammonia released from urea raises the pH above 6.0. The system is buffered so that specimens contaminated by fluids from the intestine do not raise the pH and cause a false positive result. When specimens are first inserted into the CLOtest gel they may have a slight pink tinge if blood or alkaline bile is present. The analyst is required to record the initial appearance of the specimen. The test is positive only if the pink color increases in intensity or area.
CLOtest requires three hours incubation at 30.degree. C. and up to 21 hours additional incubation at room temperature. About 75% of biopsy specimens infected with H. pylori give positive results in 20 minutes and 90% are positive by 3 hours. Twenty-four hours are required to verify negative results because 5% of infected specimens become positive between 3 and 24 hours.
The traditional liquid urease tests use a few hundred microliters of medium and ammonia produced by a positive specimen becomes mixed with the medium by diffusion and mechanical stirring. The CLOtest reduces mechanical stirring by using gelled medium and specimens with high urease activity will produce a red color near the specimen in a short time. However, ammonia produced slowly by weakly positive specimens has time to diffuse throughout the gel and a larger amount of ammonia must be produced to give a color change. Thus, the incubation time required for a color change increases disproportionately as the urease content of the specimen decreases. In addition the buffer included in the test medium to consume acid or base on the specimen inhibits pH changes due to production of ammonia and this reduces assay sensitivity and increases incubation times.


Two-dimensional SAR data can be processed into a rectangular grid format by subjecting the SAR data to a Fourier transform operation, and thereafter to a corresponding interpolation operation. Because the interpolation operation follows the Fourier transform operation, the interpolation operation can be simplified, and the effect of interpolation errors can be diminished. This provides for the possibility of both reducing the re-grid processing time, and improving the image quality.

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images a scene by sampling and then coherently processing RF energy returns along the radar flight path. These energy returns are the reflections from a space-varying function (scene) and may be processed to represent samples in the Fourier space of the scene. In other words, the Fourier space of the scene is the Fourier Transform of the 3-D complex reflectivity of the scene being imaged. SAR phase history data represents a polar array in the Fourier space of a scene being imaged. Polar Format processing is a known process that reformats the collected SAR data to a Cartesian (rectangular) coordinate array for efficient processing and image formation. In a real-time system, this reformatting or "re-gridding" operation is normally the most processing intensive, consuming the majority of the processing time; it also is a source of error in the final image. Because a flat scene can typically be assumed, image formation can be accomplished via a 2-D Fourier Transform. However, residual errors in the data model will effectively limit the region within the image that exhibits optimum focusing. It is therefore desirable to reduce the re-grid processing time and avoid degradations in image quality. According to exemplary embodiments of the invention, in processing two-dimensional SAR data into a rectangular grid format, the SAR data is subjected to a Fourier transform operation, followed by a corresponding interpolation operation. Because the interpolation operation follows the Fourier transform operation, the interpolation operation can be simplified, and the effect of interpolation errors can be diminished. This provides for the possibility of both reducing the re-grid processing time, and improving the image quality.

SAR image formation with azimuth interpolation after azimuth transform


A schema for a dataset is identified by identifying a dataset comprising data and relationships between data pairs. An original schema is identified for the dataset. This original schema comprises an organizational structure. An initial fit between the dataset and the original schema is determined. The initial fit quantifying a conformity of the data in the dataset to the organizational structure of the original schema. A plurality of additional schemas are identified. Each additional schema is a distinct organizational schema. The dataset is partitioned into a plurality of subsets. Each subset comprises a modified fit quantifying a modified conformity of subset data in each subset to one of the original schema and the additional schemas. The modified fit is greater than the original fit.

Graph and document datasets, e.g., resource description framework (RDF) and JavaScript Object Notation (JSON), are commonly used and widespread. One of the advantages of the corresponding models that led to the proliferation of such data is the schema flexibility associated with JSON or RDF data. For example, users of an RDF dataset can add new predicates to a particular entity without concern for "breaking or violating the schema", and different instances of the same type might have completely different predicates. Although this provides great flexibility and value in a number of situations, e.g., during the exchange or integration of multiple datasets, knowledge of the actual schema to which the underlying data conform is desired for purposes of data analysis, data understanding, data query and data storage.
The challenge is in finding the appropriate schema and ensuring conformance with this appropriate schema for all the data contained within a given dataset. Studies have shown that even if semi-structure datasets come with a schema, there is seldom any relationship between what the schema claims about the structure of the data and the actual structure of the data. Although the existing schema can be used as a guide, further work is required to identify the actual schema, i.e., structure or organization, of a given dataset associated with that existing schema. Identifying the actual schema of the data provides for better querying and storage of the data as well as better understanding of the data for purposes of data analytics.
This mis-match between a given schema and data that conform to the given schema exists for various types of datasets including RDF graphs. A prominent example of this is DBpedia, which is RDF data extracted from Wikipedia, a publicly editable source of information. One example is the popular sort of DBpedia persons, which includes all the people having an entry in Wikipedia. According to the sort definition, each person in DBpedia has 8 properties—a name, a given Name, a surName, a birth Date, a birth Place, a death Date, a death Place, and a description. There are currently 790,703 people, and while a large portion of them are likely alive, i.e., they do not have a death date or death place, data exist regarding when and where these people were born. The statistics for these people, however, are very revealing. Only 420,242 people have a birthdate and only 323,368 have a birthplace. For only 241,156 are both the birthdate and the birthplace known. There are approximately 40,000 people that do not even have an associated last name. When it comes to death places and death dates, these data re know for only 90,246 and 173,507 people, respectively.
There is actually nothing wrong with the DBpedia person data. The data reflect the simple fact that the available information about any domain of discourse, e.g., people, is inherently incomplete. While this is the nature of information practice, data sorts go against this trend and favor uniformity, i.e., sorts require that the data tightly conform to the provided sorts. In the example of DBpedia person, the expectation is to have all 8 properties for every DBpedia person. Therefore, there is a need to bridge the gap between these two worlds, the sorts and the respective data.

Determining the schema of a graph dataset

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION


Methods, systems, computer program products, and methods of doing business whereby managed resources and/or data are identified using a model based on object-oriented techniques. A resource hierarchy is defined for a set of resources/data to be managed, and naming rules are associated with classes in this hierarchy. The naming rules for a particular class describe how to uniquely identify resources of that class among more than one management system and in a way that is independent of the management system. The identities are structured strings created using the naming rules of the class to which the resource/data belongs. Structural restrictions placed on the structured strings allow any two identities to be compared for equality (using, for example, a simple string comparison).

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to computer systems, and deals more particularly with methods, systems, computer program products, and methods of doing business for providing improved identification of the resources and data instances that are to be managed by one or more management systems.
2. Description of the Related Art
Systems management software needs to address elements of the information technology ("IT") environment that it manages. These elements are also referred to herein as "managed resources" or just "resources". Each resource is unique, and when managing resources with systems management software, it is necessary that the resources are uniquely identifiable and addressable. For example, it may be desirable for the management system to alter the configuration of a resource. The management system therefore needs the ability to uniquely identify and address that resource. A management system may also perform functions related to fault or failure management. For example, a hardware device may fail, causing an event notification to be generated and sent to the management system. Or, a software application may generate an event notification, indicating that it has encountered some type of error situation. In order to process these generated events, it is necessary to uniquely identify the hardware devices and software applications (and other resources, as applicable) that are managed by the management system.
Managed resources are typically characterized by hierarchically-structured resource types. For example, an enterprise's resources might be broken down into hardware and software resources at a top level of the hierarchical structure, and the hardware resources might be further broken down by particular types of devices, or perhaps by hardware vendor or other category, while the software resources may be further broken down by target user group, software vendor, or other category. A number of intermediate levels may be defined within the hierarchical structure, and individual resources are then found at the lowest level.
The characteristics of each resource type must be defined so that a management system knows what properties the resources of this type have. The characteristics may be described using object-oriented ("OO") technology. In this approach, a resource type is modeled as a class, and an individual resource is modeled as an instance of its corresponding class. One advantage of using OO technology is that resource types having similar characteristics can share a common "base class". Management applications can then be written to the interface of the base class rather than to the interface of each individual resource class, which in turn increases the reusability and portability of the application software.
Because the resources are real elements of the IT environment, it may happen that a particular resource is within the management scope of more than one management system, in which case all of the management systems need the ability to uniquely identify that resource. Furthermore, it may be necessary to pass the identity of one or more resources between management systems. Therefore, a given resource should be uniquely identifiable in a manner that allows it to retain its unique identity across management system boundaries.
In the prior art, the identity of a resource is typically assigned in one of two ways. In a first approach, a resource identity is assigned by an agent being used by a management system to access the resource. In this approach, sometimes referred to as an "opaque key" approach, the format of the identity is opaque to all consumers except the agent that originally created it. For example, the agent might generate an internally-meaningful handle or other identifier with which it identifies the resource, where that identifier is used as an index into a locally-maintained mapping between identifiers and actual resources. Or, the agent might use some private structure to encode a resource's identity, where this agent knows how to parse the private structure to determine the referenced resource. The key disadvantage of this approach is that the identity is only useful when the creating agent is used for access to the resource, making it impossible for either an end user or another management system to recreate the identity of the resource. This severely limits interoperability in an environment in which there is more than one management system.
In a second prior art approach, sometimes referred to as an "natural key" approach, some set of one or more properties that uniquely identify a specific type of resource are designated as "key properties" or "identity properties". All access to instances of that type of resource must therefore specify the values of each key property to identify the desired instance. A key disadvantage of this approach is that, in an OO system, only classes that have the same identity mechanism can be treated the same. Or, stated in OO terms, only classes with the same identity mechanism can be manipulated polymorphically. This creates a conflict when assigning key values. That is, to facilitate polymorphic access, keys should be defined near the root of the inheritance hierarchy in which the classes are defined. But, the values of the keys must be passed to the agents that will actually interact with the resource instances, and an agent must be able to use the identity it is passed (e.g., in a management request message) to find the target resource instance. This means that the keys must map to those properties in the real IT environment that identify a resource of a specific type. This requirement for identifying actual resources tends to force declaration of keys down to the leaf classes, or bottom, of the inheritance hierarchy. When key properties are located at the leaf classes, then classes between the leaves and the root are effectively unmanageable because there is no means to address class instances.
What is needed are techniques for identifying managed resources that avoid the limitations of prior art approaches.

Identifying resource and data instances in management systems

International Business Machines Corporation


A mixed composition comprising an organosilicon compound represented by the following formula (a1), a solvent, water, and a carboxylic acid compound, wherein a mass ratio of the water to the organosilicon compound is 30.0 or more. In the following formula (a1), a plurality of Aa1 each independently represent a hydrolyzable group, Za1 represents a hydrocarbon chain-containing group, x is 0 or 1. Ra10 represents an alkyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms in which a part of methylene groups may be replaced with an oxygen atom and one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced with a fluorine atom, and Za1 and Ra10 may be the same or different.

In various display devices, optical elements, semiconductor elements, building materials, automobile parts, nanoimprint technology, and the like, there are cases in which problems, such as contamination or corrosion of a base material, and further a deterioration in performance caused by such contamination or corrosion, arise due to droplets adhering to the surface of the base material. Therefore, in these fields, the surface of the base material is required to have good water repellency.
As a composition that can realize a water-repellent coating, Patent Literature 1 or 2 discloses a composition including an organosilicon compound. Compositions that include organosilicon compounds, which are highly likely to react with moisture in the air, tend to deteriorate when stored for a long period of time. Therefore, it is required to have good storage stability and that quality does not deteriorate even after the composition is stored for a long period of time.
As a technique for improving the storage stability of a composition including an organosilicon compound, for example, Patent Literature 3 discloses a binary liquid mixture composition of a precursor (A), which is a compound group combining two or more liquid organosiloxanes composed of an R1—Si group (R1 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group) as an organosilicon group and an OR2 group (R2 is a hydrogen atom, or a C1 to C5 alkyl group or acyl group) as a functional side chain, and a crosslinking agent (B). Patent Literature 3 describes that the storage stability of the composition is improved by blocking the crosslinking agent (B) with a keto-enol type tautomeric compound, such as a malonic acid diester or acetylacetone, in advance.


An adjustable frame fixture aims to hold a printed-circuit board (PCB) to pass over a tin oven to process wave soldering. The fixture includes at least two side frames and at least two fasteners. The two side frames are coupled to form a holding dock. The positions of the two neighboring side frames are adjustable to form an area of different sizes to hold the PCB of different sizes. After the positions of the side frames have been adjusted, the fasteners are used to anchor and couple the side frames.

PCB is a substrate for installing and connecting various different electronic elements to accomplish a selected effect through interconnection of the different electronic elements. The most commonly used PCBs are main board, VGA card, wireless network card and the like. The commonly used electronic elements on the PCBs include chip set, capacitor, inductor, resistor and the like. Some of those electronic elements are mounted onto the PCB by surface mount technology (SMT), such as SMT elements; while some others are mounted onto the PCB by wave soldering, such as pin elements.
Wave soldering mainly employs a pump to generate an elongated tin wave on the surface of molten liquid-state tin in a tin oven, and the PCBs are carried by a conveyor belt in an inclined manner to pass over the tin oven to allow the liquid-state tin to be filled in the pin inlets of connection pin elements to form soldering points. The carrier holding the PCBs to pass over the tin oven for wave soldering is generally called frame fixture.
Refer to FIG. 1 for a conventional frame fixture 10. It is a rectangular structure consisting of four sides 12 and an opening 14 in the center. Each side 12 has a flange 16 extended from an inner edge. The edge of a PCB 18 may be rested on the flange 16 of each side 12. The upper surface of each side 12 has a plurality of clamp mechanisms 20 to apply a downward pressure on the upper surface of the PCB 18 so that the PCB 18 may be held and anchored firmly on the frame fixture 10.
However, the PCBs of different specifications have different shapes and sizes. In order to match different types of PCBs, the size of the frame fixture also should be changed. Due to the shape and size of conventional frame fixtures are not adjustable, once the specification of the PCB changes, the original frame fixture becomes useless.
Hence it becomes a waste of material of the frame fixture. Especially in the test stage of PCB design, the specification and dimension of the PCB frequently change for various reasons. As a result, the frame fixture for the PCB also has to change at the same time. Moreover, remaking the frame fixture takes a lot of time. In short, the dimension of the present frame fixture cannot be adjusted to match different specifications of PCBs, and results in waste of time and material resources.


A twist drill including a cutting tip having a front flank face, a substantially cylindrical tool body extending rearwardly from the cutting tip, and a shank. The tool body includes a rotational axis therethrough and at least one flute formed on an outer peripheral surface thereof and extending to the front flank face. The at least one flute includes a first helical portion opening to the front flank face and a second helical portion extending from the rear end of the first helical portion toward the rear portion of the tool body. The second helical portion twists in a direction opposite of the first helical portion.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a twist drill. More particularly, this invention relates to a twist drill having a tool body including helical flutes in the outer peripheral surface of the tool body to smoothly discharge cuttings chips and provide improved rigidity against cutting resistance.
2. Description of the Related Art
A conventional twist drill comprises a cylindrical tool body provided with at least one helical flute and land, wherein the flute and the land follow a helical angle to a forward cutting point. The rearward end of the tool body of the twist drill is securable in a chuck; for example, of a hand tool, or a drilling machine. The cutting point of the drill is of generally conical-shape, with a cutting edge from which a pair of diametrically opposed cutting edges defined by the leading faces of the fluted lands and the flanks of the drill point that form the end faces of the fluted lands. The outer periphery of each fluted land has at its leading edge a radial projection which is variously termed a land, a cylindrical land, and a support margin. These two support margins extend along the length of the fluted lands.
The design of the flute of the twist drill is extremely critical to its performance. The design of the flute determines the ability of the twist drill to form, accommodate, and evacuate chips produced during the cutting operation, thus carrying away heat.


A new crystalline molecular sieve designated SSZ-95 is disclosed. In general, SSZ-95 is synthesized from a reaction mixture suitable for synthesizing MTT-type molecular sieves and maintaining the mixture under crystallization conditions sufficient to form product. The product molecular sieve is subjected to a pre-calcination step, and ion-exchange to remove extra-framework cations, and a post-calcination step. The molecular sieve has a MTT-type framework and a H-D exchangeable acid site density of 0 to 50% relative to molecular sieve SSZ-32.

Because of their unique sieving characteristics, as well as their catalytic properties, crystalline molecular sieves and zeolites are especially useful in applications such as hydrocarbon conversion, gas drying and separation. Although many different crystalline molecular sieves have been disclosed, there is a continuing need for new molecular sieves with desirable properties for gas separation and drying, hydrocarbon and chemical conversions, and other applications. New molecular sieves may contain novel internal pore architectures and acid site properties, providing enhanced selectivities and activities in these processes.
Molecular sieves are classified by the Structure Commission of the International Zeolite Association according to the rules of the IUPAC Commission on Zeolite Nomenclature. According to this classification, framework type zeolites and other crystalline microporous molecular sieves, for which a structure has been established, are assigned a three letter code and are described in the "Atlas of Zeolite Framework Types" Sixth Revised Edition, Elsevier (2007).
Molecular sieves are periodically ordered in three dimensions. Structurally disordered structures show periodic ordering in dimensions less than three (i.e., in two, one or zero dimensions). This phenomenon is characterized as stacking disorder of structurally invariant Periodic Building Units (PerBuU). Crystal structures built from Periodic Building Units are called end-member structures if periodic ordering is achieved in all three dimensions. Disordered structures are those where the stacking sequence of the Periodic Building Units deviates from periodic ordering up to statistic stacking sequences.
Molecular sieves having a MTT-type framework code have a one-dimensional 10-ring pore system. MTT-type molecular sieves have very similar, but not identical, X-ray diffraction patterns. SSZ-32 and its small crystal variant, SSZ-32x, are known MTT-type molecular sieves.
SSZ-32x, in comparison with standard SSZ-32, has broadened X-ray diffraction peaks that may be a result of its inherent small crystals, altered Argon adsorption ratios, increased external surface area and reduced cracking activity over other intermediate pore size molecular sieves used for a variety of catalytic processes. SSZ-32x and methods for making it are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,390,763, 7,569,507 and 8,545,805.
Known methods for making SSZ-32 and SSZ-32x employ high temperature calcination steps before the ion-exchange step for the purpose of removing extra framework cations. For Example, in Example 2 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,545,805, the as-made SSZ-32x product was calcined at 595° C. prior to undergoing ammonium ion-exchange. Likewise, in Example 2 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,390,763, the as-made SSZ-32x produce was calcined at 1100° F. (593° C.) prior to undergoing ammonium ion-exchange.
However, it has now been found that by using the manufacturing method described herein below, a novel molecular sieve designated herein as SSZ-95 is achieved. SSZ-95 is characterized as having a unique acid site density which causes the molecular sieve to exhibit enhanced selectivity, and less gas-make (e.g. production of C1-C4 gases), compared to conventional SSZ-32x materials.

Method for making molecular sieve SSZ-95


A semiconductor memory device includes: a memory cell array, in which electrically rewritable and non-volatile memory cells are arranged; a sense amplifier circuit configured to be coupled to the memory cell array; a data transfer circuit disposed between the sense amplifier circuit and data input/output ports; a control signal generation circuit configured to generate a plurality of control signals based on a reference clock signal externally supplied, the control signals serving for controlling data input and output of the sense amplifier circuit and data transferring timing in the data transfer circuit; and an internal clock signal generation circuit configured to generate an internal clock signal based on the reference clock signal for serving as the basis of the control signals, the internal clock signal having the same clock cycle as the reference clock signal and a constant duty ratio without regard to the duty ratio of the reference clock signal.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a semiconductor memory device having electrically rewritable and non-volatile memory cells.
2. Description of the Related Art
A NAND-type flash memory is known as one of electrically rewritable and non-volatile semiconductor memories (EEPROMs). Since this flash memory is formed of NAND cell units, each of which has plural memory cells connected in series in such a manner that adjacent two memory cells share a source/drain diffusion layer, it is possible to lessen a unit cell area of a memory cell array, thereby providing a memory with a large capacitance.
On the other hand, a NAND-type flash memory has a sense amplifier circuit (i.e., page buffer) with sense amplifiers for one page data, and data read and write are performed by a page of the memory cell array. One page data are serially transferred, for example, two-byte by two-byte (or byte by byte), between the sense amplifier circuit and external input/output terminals. With such the scheme, the NAND-type flash memory may be formed to have a substantially high rate read/write performance in spite of large capacitance thereof.
Further, the data output operation for one page read data in the sense amplifier circuit is done as a serial data transferring operation as synchronous with a read enable signal, which is a read-use reference clock externally supplied (refer to, for example, Unexamined Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2003-233992).
However, in such a scheme that read data output operation is directly controlled by the read enable signal supplied from the external, it becomes difficult to provide a flash memory with a high-speed data read performance under the condition of a more lowered voltage. The reason is as follows. In case the read enable signal supplied to the flash memory is declined in change rate, and duty ratio thereof is changed due to noises on the external bus line, load variations of the bus line, impedance mismatching between the driver of an external controller and load thereof including the bus line, and the like, it becomes difficult to do timing control of the read data output operation. In detail, it may become impossible to secure a time period necessary for setting up data on the data output path disposed between the sense amplifier circuit and the input/output ports. This causes the flash memory to read erroneous data and/or data with erroneous addresses.


A method for designing a processor. The method utilises the full flexibility of an original instruction set in writing programs for operation of the processor the subset of instruction words used in writing the program are then used in defining the instruction decoder of the processor.

The invention relates to instruction sets for processors and more particularly to a method for providing an instruction set for a processor.
General purpose processors perform functions in response to a set of instructions that form a program. This is stored in a program memory. The memory capacity required to store the program is related to the length of the instruction word and the number of instruction steps in the program.
The instructions in the program memory are used to generate parallel control signals in a decode unit that controls the operations performed by the processor. The complexity of the logic required to translate the instruction words into control is related to the length of the instruction word input to the decode unit.
In order to optimise processor performance in terms of speed and power consumption it is desirable to provide as many instructions to a software designer as possible, allowing the designer access to the full functionality of the processor.
If a fully flexible instruction word set, individually specifying each function the processor can perform is used, the designer has maximum freedom to design an optimal algorithm implementation. An efficient instruction set that allows full access to the functionality of a processor that meets future performance requirements of the telecommunications industry is far greater than 16 bits which is the current standard. For the purposes of this document a 90 bit instruction word is assumed to be suitable. Even larger instruction sets may, however, at some point be desirable resulting in even longer instruction words. With 90 bit instruction words the program memory may be as wide as 90 bits and of the order of 16 bits long to accommodate the program for implementing a typical processor algorithm for a radio telephony application.
This has the disadvantage for low cost applications that a large memory is needed to store the program as the instruction words will be 90 bits long. The interface between the program memory and the instruction decoder needs to have additional interconnects in order to allow the 90 bit instruction words to be received by the decode unit. This again adds to the size and power consumption of the processor. Finally the logic needed to implement the decode unit is increased in roughly direct proportion with the number of input pins. The decode unit is, therefore, more complex and consequently more expensive.
In battery powered consumer products where cost and power consumption are of considerable concern to the designer, a compromise needs to be made between instruction set flexibility and resulting power efficiency and instruction word length and the increased cost.
One conventional approach to resolving this conflict is to set the instruction word length by determining in advance a restricted number of instructions from which the designer is able to select. The choice of the restricted instruction set is of paramount importance and will typically be the instructions perceived to be most useful for a range of functions the processor might need to perform.
This approach has the disadvantage that if the restricted instruction set does not include a particular instruction or the building blocks of that instruction, although the processor has hardware capable of functioning in accordance with that instruction it will be unable to operate in that fashion. This can lead to design compromises that may reduce the efficiency of the device the processor is driving and make the required performance of the device controlled by the processor difficult to achieve.
If the instruction set does not include a particular instruction, it may still be possible to create the same instruction by combining a number of other instructions. This will inevitably result in more power being consumed in providing the desired performance than if the desired instruction had formed part of the restricted instruction set.

Method for writing a program to control processors using any instructions selected from original instructions and defining the instructions used as a new instruction set


A feeding device for a yarn includes a storage drum to which yarn is fed tangentially by means of a winding drive. The yarn is stored in windings on the storage drum in a yarn reserve and can be withdrawn therefrom overhead. The feeding device also includes at least one optoelectronic yarn sensing device which is arranged in a stationary manner outside the storage drum and includes a light source arrangement, a signal-generating receiver arrangement and a light guide. The light source arrangement includes a light outlet which is oriented towards the storage drum, and the receiver arrangement is oriented towards a sensing region on the storage drum. The light guide includes an inlet which is directed outwardly towards the light outlet, and an outlet which is directed outwardly towards the receiver arrangement wherein the inlet and the outlet of the light guide are arranged in positions on the storage drum which are at least axially-spaced apart.

In feeding devices which are known from EP-B1-0 192 821 and EP-B1-0 192 851, the optoelectronic yarn sensing device determines the number of windings in the reserve or the position of the reserve limit at the withdrawal side to control the winding drive which winds yarn onto the storage drum which is designed as a rod cage (with stationary rods and advance rods) (reserve sensor or reference sensor). The light source arrangement, the receiver arrangement and the light guide which extends in a U-shaped bow are positioned in the same plane, which is vertical to the longitudinal axis of the storage drum, so that there is a spacing between inlet and outlet in the circumferential direction. A plurality of light source arrangements and receiver arrangements are lined up in the axial direction of the storage drum, and a plurality of light guides extending in the circumferential direction are arranged side by side in parallel in the storage drum. The circumferential distance prevents light which has been reflected by the light source arrangement in a scattered manner from passing to the receiver arrangement. Each light guide ensures that only light that has entered into the inlet is radiated from the outlet to the receiver arrangement. Inlet and outlet of each light guide are positioned in two separate advance rods of the storage drum. In the operative state of the winding drive, the advance rods carry out oscillating movements in relation to the light sources and receiver arrangements. The inlet and outlets at the advance members follow the oscillating movements. Moreover, the storage drum unavoidably oscillates about the axis of the storage drum during operation of the winding drive. The inlet and outlet of the same light guide are simultaneously covered by a yarn winding. The light source arrangement must be positioned in the same circumferential plane as the receiver arrangement. This makes a precise and reasonable evaluation of the signal difficult during the oscillatory and vibratory movement of the inlet and outlet. Moreover, the sensing device occupies a lot of space in the circumferential direction of the storage drum in an inappropriate manner.
It is the object of the present invention to provide a feeding device of the above-mentioned type in which significant signals that can easily be evaluated can be generated on the basis of the yarn sensing operation, with the advantage of light guides being maintained, and in which yarn can generally be sensed individually with movements that differ from one another.

Yarn feeding device having storage drum with light guide


A process cartridge in which before use, the separation of a predetermined distance between a charging roller and a photosensitive drum can be maintained, and in use, the separation state of the charging roller can be released without increasing the burden on a user. The process cartridge includes a charging roller separation member moveable between the first position to hold the separation of the charging roller from the photosensitive drum and the second position to abut the charging roller on the photosensitive drum. One of a photosensitive member unit and a developing unit includes a hook portion holding the separation member in the first position, and the other includes a hook portion that releases the separation member from the hook portion to move the separation member to the second position when the developing unit is pivoted.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a process cartridge detachably mountable to an electrophotographic image forming apparatus such as an electrophotographic copying machine and an electrophotographic printer.
Here, the electrophotographic image forming apparatus forms an image on a recording sheet using an electrophotographic image forming method, and examples of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus include an electrophotographic copying machine, an electrophotographic printer (for example, a laser beam printer and an LED printer), a facsimile machine and a word processor.
Furthermore, a process cartridge is a cartridge into which at least one of a charging member, a developing unit and a cleaning unit, and an electrophotographic photosensitive member are integrally incorporated, the cartridge being detachably mountable to a main body of an image forming apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, as an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, there is a color electrophotograpic image forming apparatus of an in-line type in which a plurality of process cartridges are aligned. There is a contact development method of performing a development in the state in which a developing roller forming a process cartridge is in contact with a photosensitive drum. In this method, in order to keep a predetermined contact pressure between the developing roller and the photosensitive drum during image formation, the developing roller is urged against the photosensitive drum.
In the case of this method, when the process cartridge is not used for a long time period in the state of being mounted on the image forming apparatus main body, there is a possibility that an elastic layer of the developing roller is permanently deformed. Therefore, an uneven image may be formed at the time of development.
As a result, there was proposed a process cartridge and an image forming apparatus in which there is provided a mechanism for separating the developing roller from a photosensitive drum in the case of performing no image forming operation (Japanese Patent No. 2900530 (which is matured from Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H04-43378) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2001-337511).
In addition, the construction in which a charging roller serving as a charging member is abutted on a photosensitive drum for charging the photosensitive drum is widely used. In such a contact charging mechanism, since the charging roller needs to be disposed reliably in contact with the photosensitive drum surface, the charging roller is in pressure contact with the photosensitive drum surface at a predetermined contact pressure. When the state of not being used for a long time period continues, the elastic layer of the charging roller is permanently deformed, and thus, an image of uneven density is formed.
Thus, there has been proposed a method in which an insert member for separating the charging roller from the photosensitive drum is inserted therebetween at the time of shipment of a process cartridge, and a user removes the insert member in use (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H05-188667).
Alternatively, there has been proposed a process cartridge having a mechanism in which a charging roller, having been separated during shipment is brought into abutment with the photosensitive drum when the process cartridge is mounted on the image forming apparatus main body (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H06-273987 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-181328).


Implementations of a tooth brush are provided. In some implementations, the tooth brush comprises a handle and a head attached to the handle where the head comprises three gears and three brushes attached to the three gears respectively. In some implementations, the tooth brush is configured such that one brush makes contact with the occlusal surfaces of a plurality of teeth and the remaining brushes make contact with the buccal side and lingual side of the plurality of teeth. In some implementations, the tooth brush further comprises a splash guard. In some implementations, the tooth brush further includes a suction tube to remove debris from the mouth. Methods of using the tooth brush also are provided.

Cleaning the teeth of persons unable to brush their own teeth (e.g., hospital or nursing homing patients) and animals can be messy and difficult. With existing tooth brushes, the tops and sides of the teeth have to be cleaned separately. There do not exist tooth brushes for cleaning the top and sides of teeth simultaneously.

Three brush electronic tooth brush with splash guard