A watertight zipper includes two zipper tapes each including: a base tape; zipper teeth arranged on the base tape, the zipper teeth on the two zipper tapes being matched with each other and capable of being engaged with each other to pull the two zipper tapes together; a first waterproof body extending to an inner side of the zipper tape, wherein in response to the two zipper tapes being pulled together, a first inner side surface of the first waterproof body of one of the zipper tapes is fit closely to a second inner side surface of the first waterproof of the other one of the zipper tapes, so that two first waterproof bodies are capable of covering over the zipper teeth together, and fit surfaces of the two first waterproof bodies laterally deviate from an engagement center line of the zipper teeth on the two zipper tapes.

A zipper is commonly used in clothing, luggage, and other products, and is a kind of commonly used accessory. At present, many products, especially outdoor products, have higher requirements on a waterproof performance. Therefore, more waterproof zippers appear at present. For the existing waterproof zipper, a waterproof film is usually covered on a surface layer of a cloth tape for waterproof. Although a good waterproof effect can be achieved on the cloth tape, water is still easy to pass through gaps between zipper teeth. Some zippers are also provided with a relatively thick glue layer on an inner side of the cloth tape, and waterproof can be realized by closely fitting two glue layers when the zippers are pulled together, thus having a good sealing effect. However, fit surfaces of the two glue layers of these zippers are usually coincident with an engagement center line of the zipper teeth according to a habit, and a deformation amount of the engagement center line of the zipper teeth is often the largest when the zipper is bent by an external force, thus easily causing the two glue layers to be dislocated to generate a slit, and at this time, external water is easy to permeate the zipper from the slit between the two glue layers, thus affecting a watertight effect of the zipper.
In order to solve the problem above, the disclosure is intended to provide a watertight zipper with a novel structure and a good waterproof effect.
The technical solution used to solve the technical problem in the disclosure is as follows.
There is provided a watertight zipper includes two zipper tapes each including: a base tape; zipper teeth arranged on the base tape, the zipper teeth on the two zipper tapes being matched with each other and capable of being engaged with each other to pull the two zipper tapes together; and a first waterproof body extending to an inner side of the zipper tape, wherein in response to the two zipper tapes being pulled together, a first inner side surface of the first waterproof body of one of the zipper tapes is fit closely to a second inner side surface of the first waterproof of the other one of the zipper tapes, so that two first waterproof bodies are capable of covering over the zipper teeth together, and fit surfaces of the two first waterproof bodies laterally deviate from an engagement center line of the zipper teeth on the two zipper tapes.
Preferably, the first waterproof body is an elastomer.
Preferably, a slit filler is arranged between every two adjacent zipper teeth on each of the zipper tapes, and in response to the two zipper tapes being pulled together, the slit filler is capable of being filled in a slit between the zipper teeth.
Preferably, a lower portion of the slit filler extends below a respective zipper tooth of the zipper teeth and is attached to a lower end surface of the zipper tooth.
Preferably, the zipper teeth are sewed on the base tape through a thread, and a bottom end of the slit filler is located below a bottom end of the thread.
Preferably, each of the zipper teeth has a larger portion and a smaller portion, the slit filler is located at the smaller portion, and the bottom end of the slit filler is located above or flush with a bottom end of the larger portion.
Preferably, the first waterproof body extends from an inner side of the base tape.
Preferably, an upper surface of the zipper tape is covered with a waterproof film.
Preferably, the zipper teeth are sewed on the base tape through a thread, and slits between the thread and the base tape are filled with a second waterproof body.
The disclosure has the beneficial effects that: in the disclosure, the inner side surfaces of the two first waterproof bodies can fit closely to each other when the two zipper tapes are pulled together, so that external liquid can be effectively prevented from permeating the zipper. Moreover, since a dislocation separation mode is used in the disclosure, the fit surfaces of the two first waterproof bodies laterally deviate from the engagement central line of the zipper teeth, so that a slit caused by dislocation of the two first waterproof bodies can be effectively avoided when the zipper is bent. The disclosure has a novel structure, which can effectively improve a watertight effect of the disclosure.


A packaged integrated circuit having a die with multiple transistors selected from the group consisting of multiple logic, linear and analog linear transistors is provided. The die is attached to a die pad with one or more peripheral leads physically isolated from the die pad, one or more leads integrally connected to the die pad, bond wires, and an encapsulant-formed package body. A lip formed by a vertically recessed lower surface is present on two opposing sides and one end of each physically isolated lead, but not on the surfaces of the integrally connected lead(s). Manufacturing the package includes: providing a leadframe having the die pad and leads connected to a frame; mounting the die to the die pad; electrically connecting, with bond wires, the die to the physically isolated lead(s), but not to the integrally connected lead(s); applying an encapsulant to the leadframe that underfills the lips to lock the physically isolated leads in place; and cutting the leads and die pad from the frame.

Plastic packages conventionally enclose integrated circuits (IC) to form packaged integrated circuits. Hereinafter, a packaged integrated circuit may be referred to simply as a "package." Such a package conventionally includes an integrated circuit die typically attached to a die attach pad, a metal leadframe having leads physically isolated from the die attach pad, bond wires which electrically connect pads on the integrated circuit die to individual leads of the leadframe, and a hard plastic encapsulant material which covers part or all of the package components, forms the exterior of the package, protects the integrated circuit from hostile environments, and leaves at least one surface of each lead exposed, thereby enabling electrical connection between the die and a printed circuit board.
In general, IC packages are either leaded or leadless. A leaded package has metal conductors that extend from the package for attaching to a support, such as a printed circuit board. Inside the package the ends of the leads are wire bonded to the bond pads on the die of the IC. In contrast, a leadless package has exposed metal leads on one surface of the outside of the package. The exposed leads are substantially coplanar with the outside surface of the package and the leads are soldered to a support, such as a printed circuit board. The leadless package has a lower profile than the leaded package and generally consumes less space on the support board. Thus, leadless packages are often used when space is a premium as in small systems such as cellular telephones, personal digital assistants and laptop computers.
A problem with conventional IC packages is that bond wires act like inductors, causing energy dissipation from the bond wires. This dissipation results in VCC droop and degraded thermal resistance of the package. Further, when the packaged IC requires higher bit counts, readily available bond wires have diameters that necessitate the usage of multiple bond wires to each lead (e.g., double or triple bonded leads), resulting in higher packaging costs. Still further, conventional leadframe structure for packages (i.e., having leads physically isolated from the die pad) requires a number of bond wires determined by the total number of leads (e.g., one bond wire for each lead), and necessitates certain locking mechanisms to secure the physically isolated leads in the encapsulant of a package body. Such locking mechanisms include, for example, employing recessed surfaces on side surfaces of the physically isolated leads, such recessed surfaces being underfilled by encapsulant material to lock each lead in place within the package body. As used herein, "underfill" and its variants refer to the filling or covering of a downward facing surface (i.e., underside of a surface) formed by one surface being recessed from another surface. The formation of these recessed surfaces by, for example, an etching process is a factor in total packaging costs. As one example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,630,728 shows and describes a plastic integrated circuit package and leadframe for making the package. The package described therein includes only leads physically isolated from the die pad, and for each of these leads, a locking mechanism and a bond wire connection is included.
In a conventional discrete device environment (e.g., the power device/MOSFET field), instead of having all leads physically isolated from a die attach pad, one or more leads are integrally connected to the die attach pad. Heretofore, this discrete environment lead structure has not been used with logic or linear packaged integrated circuits.
Based on the foregoing, a need still exists for an improved technique to package an integrated circuit by employing an enhanced MLP leadframe.

Packaged integrated circuit with MLP leadframe and method of making same


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for reporting a measurement result in a wireless communication system. A terminal configures a plurality of serving cells, and performs measurement on the plurality' of serving cells. When a measurement report is triggered, the terminal determines whether or not a quality of at least one serving cell from among the plurality of serving cells is lower than an auxiliary' threshold value. The measurement report includes the quality of a best neighboring cell at a serving frequency of the serving cell the quality of which is lower than the auxiliary threshold value.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to wireless communication, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus that report a measurement result in a wireless communication system.
2. Related Art
3GPP (3rd generation Partnership Project) LTE (Long Term Evolution), which is an advanced version of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), is not being introduced as 3GPP release 8. 3GPP LTE uses OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) on downlink and SC-FDMA (Single Carrier-frequency division multiple access) on uplink. 3GPP LTE adopts MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) having a maximum of 4 antennas. Recently, 3GPP LTE-A (LTE-advanced) which is an advanced version of 3GPP LTE is now in discussion.
GPP LTE-A adopts technologies, such as carrier aggregation and relays. A 3GPP LTE system is a single carrier system that supports only one bandwidth (i.e., a single element carrier) of {1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20} MHz bandwidths. However, LTE-A introduces a multi-carrier using carrier aggregation. The component carrier is defined with a center frequency and a bandwidth. The multi-carrier system uses a plurality of component carriers having a bandwidth smaller than the entire bandwidth.
A user equipment continues to perform measurement so as to maintain quality of a radio link with a serving cell receiving a service. A cell or a frequency, as a target for measurement, is referred to as a measurement object, and each measurement object is associated with a report configuration that independently induces a report of a measurement result. The user equipment performs measurement on the measurement targets, and if the report configuration is met, reports the measurement result to a base station.
As a multi-carrier is introduced, there may be a plurality of serving cells. If the user equipment reports measurement results for all of the plurality of serving cells to the base station, the base station may set an optimum cell to the terminal as a serving cell based on various types of information. However, radio resources in reporting the measurement result may be restricted and the measurement results of all the serving cells are not always information required for the base station.

Method and apparatus for reporting a measurement result in a wireless communication system


The present invention relates to a method for maintaining aseptic conditions in a juice plant in brief productional stoppages. The plant is of the type where juice concentrate is heated to a certain temperature in that steam is supplied to the concentrate. The juice concentrate is kept at this temperature in a holding tube during a certain interval of time. The juice concentrate is thereafter diluted with water to the correct dilution degree. In brief production stoppages, the supply of juice concentrate, steam and water is shut off. The pressure in the plant is maintained in that a stop valve closes and that steam is supplied in a small quantity through a by-pass conduit placed on the steam conduit. The stop valve is placed downstream of the supply of water. The holding tube which is insulated and connected to a heating loop maintains the temperature of the product in the holding tube.

Juice is defined as a drink containing 100% of that which may be extracted from fruit, vegetables or berries and which normally contains no additives. Beverages with a lower content are normally designated nectar or fruit drinks. For the production of juices, a common process is to take, as the point of departure, a juice concentrate extracted from the fruit or fruits which the intention is to use.
In a class on its own as the commonest juice beverage on the market is orange juice. However, the oranges are most generally not cultivated in those countries which are the major consumers of juice. In order to economise on transport costs of orange juice from the grower countries to the consumer countries, it is therefore necessary to concentrate the juice in the country of origin and transport the concentrate, which then constitutes only 15-20% of the finished juice product. Most generally, the concentrate is transported in the frozen state. In the consumer country, the concentrate must thereafter be diluted with water, i.e. it must be reconstituted in order to reassume its pristine composition and concentration. More than 90% of the world's orange juice production takes place in this manner.
The commonest method for reconstituting is that concentrate and water are mixed, either batchwise in large tanks or continuously in specific process equipment. Thereafter, the finished juice is pasteurised, cooled and packed in consumer packages. Methods which directly supply superheated water to the concentrate also exist. In this case, the product is thereafter cooled indirectly and packed in consumer packages.
Also in the production of juice from concentrate, so-called reconstituted juice, the aim is to approximate the flavour of freshly pressed juice, which is normally consumed immediately after extraction. Above all two factors affect the quality of the juice during this process, temperature and oxygen. In order to improve the product, attempts are made to expose the juice to as slight thermal action as possible, at the same time as it is important to obtain a product with reasonable shelf-life. The process should also be designed so that the action of oxygen is minimised. Oxygen oxidises and destroys vitamin C and thereby reduces the nutrient content of the juice.
At the same time, the process must be made rational with as short start- and stop-times as possible. The process should also be flexible so that it is possible to switch product rapidly and simply without major product losses. The process should also be capable of being used for different types of fruit or vegetable juices, including those which contain fibres.
One such method is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,684,531. Steam is supplied to the juice concentrate so that a pasteurisation temperature is attained. The partly diluted juice concentrate is kept at this temperature during a given interval of time. Thereafter, water is added in the quantity required to obtain a reconstituted juice. The finished juice is thereafter packed in aseptic consumer packages.
In a plant for the production of juice, as described above, it may naturally occur that brief production stoppages happen because the filling machine temporarily stops. During these brief stoppages, which may be up to 15 minutes, it is vital to maintain aseptic conditions in the plant.
In other juice plants where hot water is added to the concentrated juice, it is only the supply of concentrate and water which has been stopped, and the quantity of juice which is in the buffer tank has had time to cool below pasteurisation temperature. In order to avoid a temperature alarm immediately after restart, the temperature signal has, in this instance, been masked. However, this procedure entails that there is a risk that a minor quantity of product in or ahead of the mixing tank is not sufficiently pasteurised.
In conventional pasteurisation plants for juice, using heat exchangers, the product is recycled over the pasteuriser constantly during brief stoppages. This entails that there is considerable consumption of energy even during operational stoppage.

Method of maintaining aseptic conditions in a juice plant in brief production stoppages


A method and a system for routing a short message into a data network in a telecommunication system that comprises a subscriber's terminal device, a first short message service center, a second short message service center and a data network connected to the second short message service center. The short message service center defined as active in the terminal device is the first short message service center. A short message sent from the terminal device to a predetermined destination number is routed from the first short message service center via a special converter component to the data network. The short message in Mobile Terminated format is converted in the converted component into a short message of Mobile Originated format and is then sent to the second short message service center. The inventive system includes means for routing the short message from the first short message service center via the converter component to the data network, and the converter component comprises means for converting a Mobile Terminated format short message into a Mobile Originated format short message and means for sending the short message to the second short message service center.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to telecommunication systems. In particular, the invention is directed to a method and system for the routing of short messages.
2. Description of Related Art
The known phrase "short message service" refers to a telecommunication service for the transmission and receipt of short text messages. In a GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) mobile communication network, for example, the short message service provides a means for sending messages having a maximum length of 160 characters to a GSM terminal. Implementing of a short message service requires a short message service center which functions as a center at which short messages are stored and from which they are further transmitted. Typically, a particular short message service center of a mobile network is set up or defined, in the telecommunication terminal (such as a mobile station), as the one with which that terminal communicates in carrying out short messaging functions and communication. There are two point-to-point functions defined for the short message service: Mobile Originated, which denotes a message originated by a telecommunication terminal or terminal device; and Mobile Terminated, which denotes a message that is addressed to a telecommunication terminal or device.
Many services operated using or by means of short messages have been implemented in telecommunication networks, and particularly in mobile communication networks. In a bank service application, for example, the user of a telecommunication terminal can pay his bills using a short message service. To do this, the user sends a short message in a predetermined format through a short message service center to a predetermined number. The predetermined format of the short message contains the data required for execution of the bank service function. The predetermined number has been defined as a particular address in a fixed data network, and the short message service center performs an address conversion from the predetermined number to the data network address. A bank application in the data network processes the command delivered in the short message and sends a response via the short message center to the user of the telecommunication terminal from which the request originated.
In the situation described above, the short message service center is an essential component for the bank application; i.e., because the short message service center has to perform a specific address conversion, the application is dependent on the operation and required functionality that is provided by that particular short message service center and often on the network operator as well. This necessary reliance is a source of problems for subscribers using different networks because the service application is therefore only available in certain networks. If a subscriber in a first network wants to use a service application provided in a second or different network, then the subscriber has to specially define or redefine, in his telecommunication terminal, a short message service center of the second network for the time during which he is using the service application. The subscriber must also perform this operation between two short message service centers in the network of the same operator.
Heretofore known is a method by which a short message of Mobile Terminated format can be forwarded, as a short message in Mobile Originated format, by means of a telecommunication terminal. However, the short message must cross a radio interface, and thus necessarily entails a waste of limited radio network capacity. This method cannot, moreover, be applied to a large number of short messages that must be simultaneously transmitted. In a known solution, the operator of the first network may perform a conversion service in a short message service center in the first network; this requires, however, special agreement between the operators of the first and second networks.

Method and system for the routing of short messages


A system and method for automatically repositioning virtual and physical elements in a scene. The system and method being configured to receive a video frame, receive data, including position data, describing a first element to be imaged in the video frame, receive data, including position data, describing a second element to be imaged in the video frame, assign a dynamic status to the first element and automatically reposition at least the first element to create a modified video frame.

Due to the employment of augmented reality technologies carried out by video insertion systems the experience of viewing many types of programs, including sporting events, has been enhanced by the ability to insert virtual enhancements (also referred to as inserts, graphics, logos, or indicia) into a particular location of the video image that a viewer is watching on television. For instance, in football, a First Down Line (FDL) is inserted into the real time broadcast of a game to signify the point on the field that the team currently on offense must drive towards in order to be awarded four more downs. In another example, a Down and Distance (DnD) arrow denoting the play number and the distance left to reach the FDL is inserted. While these virtual elements' positions and appearances are determined live based on game progression, other virtual elements may be unrelated to the game events, such as advertising indicia inserted at various areas on the field of play or on various stadium structures like a stadium wall.
An insertion system is a system and method for inserting graphics (virtual elements) into a live video broadcast in a realistic fashion on a real time basis. Generally, the perspective of the camera is being continuously estimated so that graphical elements, either 2D or 3D, may be projected to the video image from the current camera's perspective as if these graphical elements were located at a pre-determined position and orientation in the scene.
Live broadcast Video Insertion Systems (VIS) were developed and are used commercially for the purpose of inserting advertising and other indicia into video sequences, including live broadcasts of sporting events. An example of such a live broadcast VIS is used commercially under the trade name L-VIS®. In further examples, live broadcast VIS are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,264,933, 5,543,856 to Rosser et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,491,517 to Kreitman et al., which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. These VIS, to varying degrees of success, seamlessly and realistically incorporate indicia into the original video in real time. Realism is maintained even as the camera changes its perspective throughout the event coverage and taking into account moving elements in the scene that may occlude the inserted indicia.
FIG. 1 shows a top level block diagram of a typical VIS 100. The main VIS computing component 120 receives a live video feed 110 from a camera and then outputs, possibly with some latency, an enhanced video 115. In addition, the system includes a GUI component 150 with which an operator controls the system before and during an event and an indicia unit 170 where representations of the inserted virtual elements are stored.
At the heart of each insertion system is the capability to associate a point 226 in the scene to its projection in the video image space 246, as illustrated in FIG. 2. Generally, the scene's model is known. For example, a football field's dimensions are defined within 3D coordinate space 210, and its scene's model includes the 3D location of each distinctive landmark (e.g., lines 225, junction points 226, etc.) in the field. The field's X-Y plane 210 shows an insertion region denoted by the 3D coordinates—P1, P2, P3, and P4. This insertion region is associated with a virtual element (e.g., 2D graphic) that is to be inserted 240 into the current video image 230 from the current camera perspective. Hence, a camera projects the scene into its image space 230, with a projection dictated by the camera's parameters (e.g. focal length, position, orientation, etc.). Once this camera's parameters are known, any region 220 within the real-world space 210 may be projected into the camera's image space 240. Estimation of the camera's parameters, in turn, requires knowledge of fiducial points (landmarks in the scene, e.g. 225 and 226, and their corresponding points in the image, e.g. 245 and 246). The way in which a typical VIS, continuously and in real time, estimates the current camera's parameters (referred to herein as the camera's model) and uses it to virtually insert indicia is described in detail below.
Finding pairs of corresponding points, where landmarks in the field are matched with their projections in the current video frame, starts with the recognition process as performed by recognition and tracking module 125. Via processing of the current video image, unique features such as lines, conics, junctions, corners, etc., are detected. Based on their geometrical structure, appearance, or any other attributes their correspondence with landmarks in the scene model is determined. This recognition process may be carried out every several frames. For the frames that occur between the recognition process, tracking of the detected features by the recognition and tracking module 125 may maintain their correspondence with scene's landmarks. Next, based on the found corresponding pairs, the current camera's model may be estimated using camera model estimator module 130. As mentioned before, a camera's model is a mathematical operator (matrix) that maps a 3D point from the scene space 210 to its corresponding point in the video image space 230. The camera's model is composed of intrinsic parameters, such as focal length, and extrinsic parameters, such as the camera's position and orientation (pan, tilt, and rotation).
Having the current camera's model estimate, the warping unit 135 warps (projects) a given virtual element at a given 3D pose into the current video image space 230. For instance, a virtual element may be a logo. This logo may be represented in the indicia database 185 by its image (e.g. BMP or GIF format) and its desired location (insertion region) within the scene's 3D space: P1, P2, P3, and P4. The warping unit 135 will then warp this logo's image, using the camera's model, into a new indicium image within the current video image space: C1, C2, C3, and C4; this new indicium image is then ready to be rendered into the video image by the mixer 145. Note that, a virtual element is not limited to a 2D graphic, but may be any 3D structure. In this case, a 3D virtual element representative data in the indicia database 185 may be its 3D model (polygonal mesh or point-based representation), texture, and desired position, orientation, and scale in the scene. Similarly, knowledge of the current camera's model may be used to render this 3D element from this camera perspective.
Next, the occlusion mask generator 140 generates a transparency function or mask key, that is then applied to the insertion process at the mixer 145 to properly account for any obstacles that may be present in the insertion region. By performing an occlusion processing prior to insertion, VIS 100 ensures that the verisimilitude of the inserted logo into the video image is preserved when a physical element like a player steps into the insertion region. Rather than occlude the player with the inserted logo, the transparency function or mask key ensures that at every pixel location where an overlap occurs between the player and the logo, the pixel corresponding to the logo is suppressed in favor of the pixel of the image of the player. Hence, at the mixer 145 the warped indicia images are superimposed with the video image based on the occlusion mask.
An operator, via a GUI component 150, controls the insertion processing system 120. Before the game, the operator sets and trains the system, preparing it for the live event. Typically, the operator enters data regarding the scene usually via graphical interface. The operator defines the 3D coordinates of landmarks in the scene within a 3D coordinate system of the scene modeling unit 155. For example, in a sporting event the field structure 210 will be entered. The operator may also train the system to recognize color characteristics of the dynamic foregrounds (players) and color characteristics of the static background (field) using color modeling unit 160. This data will be used later for occlusion mask generation. Other information the operator typically enters into the system is the desired insertion 3D location and orientation using the indicia positioning unit 165 of each virtual element stored in the indicia database 185. As will be explained below, depending on the type of indicia, this information may be entered during pre-event setting or during the game.
In the VIS systems described above, particularly, though not exclusively, in VIS systems capable of inserting a virtual element into a dynamically determined insertion region, a problem arises when this element is inserted into an area of the video image that should not be occluded. For instance, in a football game, a virtual logo should not occlude the name of the team in the end zone, or, in a baseball game, the logo should not cover an actual (as opposed to virtual) advertisement on the stadium wall. In prior systems, the responsibility for doing so fell on the manual operator who had to reposition the inserted logo so as to not interfere with any portion of the image that ought to remain visible during the broadcast. Such manual repositioning has the unfortunate side effect of delaying the insertion of the logo in its desired position to such an extent that the viewer notices the sudden appearance of the logo in the image as if out of nowhere. Such a visually noticeable delay destroys the seamlessness and realism that are the intended hallmarks of VIS's.

Automatic repositioning of video elements


A wireless device may include two or more wireless interfaces capable of transmitting and/or receiving signals over separate wireless networks. To reduce the likelihood of interference, a processing unit may determine whether to permit a transmission under one wireless network when a reception under another wireless network is already in progress.

This invention relates generally to devices which receive and transmit wireless signals.
A variety of devices may be involved in receiving and transmitting wireless signals. A variety of processor-based systems may communicate with one another in a wireless network over relatively short or longer range distances. In addition, devices such as cell phones that have been conventionally thought of as communication devices may also function as processor-based systems.
As a result, in a number of different instances, devices may be able to send and receive wireless signals from the same or closely proximate hardware operate under two or more different wireless protocols on the same processor-based system. In addition, devices may operate in two or more different wireless networks from the same processor-based system. Thus, each network or protocol may be generally unaware of communications in the other network or protocol.
As a result of the ability to send and receive signals at the same time from proximate devices, one device may fail to account for the other. One result may be interference between communications in the two different wireless devices.
Thus, there is a need for ways to control or reduce interference when proximate devices coupled to a common processor-based system, are able to transmit and receive wireless signals at the same time over different wireless networks.

Reducing interference from closely proximate wireless units


An AGC circuit controls LNA and VGA amplifiers such that a received signal is converted at a high speed with tracking errors prevented according to each modulation scheme. The AGC circuit generates LNA and VGA control signals controlling the LNA and VGA amplifiers, respectively. A digital signal, converted from the received signal, is calculated for a power value, on which scaling is performed by a scaling section to then be provided through an adder and a register to a control signal generator for generating the LNA and VGA control signals. The scaling section compares the power value with a target value to perform scaling with a scaling coefficient according to the sign of the comparison value so that an increase of the tracking error is avoided, thus preventing phenomena where the AGC control oscillates without convergence, thereby making it possible to attain the optimum automatic gain control.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an automatic gain control (AGC) circuit and a method which adjust a received signal according to a start-up mode such that the received signal has its amplitude correspond to a baseband signal level determined from a bit error rate (BER) characteristics of a demodulator.
2. Description of the Background Art
Traditionally, the automatic gain control circuit and method have been known to be applicable to a receiver which receives a signal modulated by a modulation scheme such as a packet wireless transmission scheme, and to be able to adjust the received signal such that the received signal has its amplitude correspond to a baseband signal level determined from the BER characteristics of the demodulator.
As shown in FIG. 11, for example, the receiver 10 has a low-nose amplifier (LNA) 28 and a variable-gain amplifier (VGA) 30 for AGC-controlling a received signal 102 input from an antenna 12, which are interconnected as illustrated. I and Q component analog-to-digital (A/D) converters (ADCs) 32 and 34 then convert the AGC-controlled analog signal to a corresponding digital signal. In response to the digital signal, an automatic gain control circuit 700 automatically controls the gain such that the digital signal has its amplitude level expected by the baseband signal processor.
The low-noise amplifier and variable-gain amplifier 28 and 30 adjust the received signal 102 and provide them to the I and Q component A/D converters 32 and 34 in the form of I and Q components 106 and 108, respectively. The I and Q component A/D converters 32 and 34 then generate the I and Q component digital received signals 110 and 112, respectively, and provide them to the automatic gain control circuit 700.
The AGC circuit 700 has a power value operator 18 which operates the power of the digital received signals 110 and 112, to produce an input signal 114. The input signal 114 is representative of a power value determined by the expression (I2+Q2)1/2, for example, where I represents the I component digital received signal 110, and Q represents the Q component digital received signal 112.
The input signal 114 is provided to a scaling section 20 including an operator 36 and a multiplier 702. The operator 36 first subtracts a target value 146 from the input signal 114 to obtain a difference from the subtraction. The multiplier 702 then multiplies the difference by a scaling coefficient 712, and outputs a result 714 from the scaling. The multiplier 702 performs the same scaling process regardless of the sign of the input signal 114. When the scaling coefficient 712 is 2−1, for example, the input signal 114, when representing a value of 8, will cause a scaling result 714 of 4, and the input signal 114, when representing a value of −8, will cause a scaling result 714 of −4.
The AGC circuit 700 usually performs the AGC control with some modulation scheme assumed. The scaling section 20 is adapted, in order to prevent the AGC tracking error according to each of a plurality of modulation schemes, to make the scaling coefficient correspond to any one of the modulation schemes, or to fix, when adapted to two modulation schemes, for example, the scaling coefficient to a midpoint between two scaling coefficients respectively appropriate to the two modulation schemes.
The scaling result 714 is then provided to an adder 22. The adder 22 adds the scaling result 714 to the immediately preceding previous data 128 registered in a register 24. The addition result 30 is provided to a control-signal generating section 26.
The control-signal generating section 26 includes a register 46, a timing generator 48, a comparator 50, a selector 52, and an operator 54. The register 46 first stores the addition result 130. In response to an update-timing signal 132 from the timing generator 48, the register 46 outputs the result 130 to the comparator 50 and operator 54 as control data 134. The comparator 50 compares the control data 134 with a predetermined comparison value 136. The comparator 50 then provides the low-noise amplifier 28 and selector 52 with an LNA control signal 138 representing whether or not the control data 134 is less than the comparison value 136. In response to the LNA control signal 138, the selector 52 outputs either one of zero data 140 and the comparison value 136 to the operator 54 as selected data 142. The operator 54 subtracts the selected data 142 from the control data 134 to create a VGA control signal 144, and outputs it to the variable-gain amplifier 30.
In this way, the AGC circuit 700 can use a scaling coefficient adapted to the modulation scheme of the received signal to perform the low-noise amplification and variable-gain amplification on the received signal to accomplish automatic gain control.
U.S. patent application publication No. US 2004/0218576 A1 filed in the name of Imagawa et al., discloses a receiver which switches a selector switch according to a communication scheme, CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) or TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access). The receiver thus selects an output signal from the variable-gain amplifier when receiving the CDMA signal, and selects an output signal from the second orthogonal mixer when receiving the TDMA signal. The second orthogonal mixer converts the output signal from the variable-gain amplifier to a corresponding baseband signal. The receiver can thus suitably adapt itself to any of a plurality of communication schemes without having to include any special offset-voltage eliminator.
In the AGC circuit 700 as shown in FIG. 11, however, regardless of what value the scaling section 20 sets the scaling coefficient 712 to, it is impossible to attain the maximum accuracy of the I and Q component A/D converters 32 and 34 appropriate for a specific modulation scheme.
The receiver taught in Imagawa et al., would, when adapted to a plurality of modulation schemes in the automatic gain controlling of the received signal, need to arrange a large number of circuits and wiring lines in a complex manner.
A type of received signal such as a continuous signal and a packet signal conventionally requires a longer AGC training period of time. The recent high-speed packet transmission has, however, a shorter training period of time for the purpose of its high-speed transmission feature, and thus requires AGC tracking in a shorter time period to adjust the output level in the I and Q component A/D converters. A smaller scaling coefficient can provide a higher speed AGC convergence, while it can also provide more AGC tracking errors. Particularly, in the case where the result from the control on the low-noise and variable-gain amplification changes dynamically, the automatic gain control may not converge but oscillate within a short time period.
FIG. 12, for example, shows how the result from the LVA and VGA control changes dynamically. As shown, when the baseband signal is set to the zero level and the received input level changes from −30 dBm to −20 dBm, the LNA control signal switches from its ON state to its OFF state to change the LNA gain value from 30 dB to 0 dB, and the VGA gain value changes from 0 dB to 20 dB. It can be understood that a larger gain change occurs during the transitional period of that changing point than other changing points.
In the receiver 10 as shown in FIG. 11, the radio-frequency (RF) circuit 14 including the low-noise amplifier 28 and variable-gain amplifier 30 processes the received signal 102 by allowing a first mixer, not shown, to perform a frequency conversion after the process in the low-noise amplifier 28 but before the process in the variable-gain amplifier 30. The low-noise amplifier 28 is switched between its ON and OFF states to prevent the distortion in the first mixer. Because the ON/OFF switching of the low-noise amplifier 28 varies the gain, however, a received signal with a level which varies the control of the low-noise amplifier 28 may increase the tracking error.
The baseband signal is calculated from the relationship: baseband signal=received input level+LNA gain value+VGA gain value. The LNA and VGA gain values need to be adjusted to keep the baseband signal constant within a supposed received-level range. Particularly, the baseband signal has its characteristics degraded by the distortion in the first mixer. It is difficult, however, to adjust the low-noise amplifier for no distortion.
The conventional AGC circuit needs to always perform the automatic gain control during receiving a signal, thereby consuming a large amount of current. Particularly, in the packet transmission, the automatic gain control is active even in a time period in which no signal is received, thereby increasing the current consumption.

Automatic gain control adaptive for plural modulation schemes


A slip design has segments that move relatively axially before moving in tandem up a ramp for radial extension. Due to the fact of the relative movement the segments interlock due to their geometric configuration or their surface treatment such that at the conclusion of such relative movement the load carrying thickness is effectively increased. The extended position minimizes radial extension of the slips for a smaller tool drift dimension while still allowing the needed radial extension and actually extending the radial reach of the slip assembly. The segment can have triangular or trapezoidal tapered interfaces that provide bearing areas between slip segments and adjacent spacer segment. Alternatively, the slips segments can have opposing wickers so that after riding up an underlying support member can interact with that member for load transfer. The supporting members can also be secured to an underlying mandrel for further load transfer.

As the temperatures and pressures of well completions continue to increase, the hanging performance ratings for liner hangers and hold down slips will have to be improved to meet customer requirements and stay competitive in the high pressure high temperature market. One area of improvement for these anchoring systems is to improve the hanging capacity of the slip. Current liner hanger and hold down slips are machined as a single component resulting in a constant slip thickness. The slip thickness dictates the amount of radial overlap (bearing area) between the slip and slip seat when the slips are set downhole. Thus, the slip thickness limits the hanging performance of the anchor system. The slip thickness is limited by the drift requirements of the wellbore and by the body outside diameter needed to meet the pressure and tensile ratings. This prevents the improvement of hanging performance by simply increasing slip thickness. To improve the hanging performance of the slips, the proposed invention comprises a novel slip design that allows the effective slip thickness to be increased down hole. The increased effective thickness will increase the available bearing area improving the hanging performance of the slip. The simplest embodiment is a segmented slip design. Here the slip is comprised of multiple segments whose thickness meets the drift requirements when retracted for running in the hole, and when the down hole position is reached the effective thickness is increased by compressing the segments together. In addition to improving the hanging capacity, the proposed invention will allow for greater radial expansion of the slips.
In the past some of the slip designs have tried to extend the reach of a slip by using a combination of ramps as illustrated in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,420,306 and 7,431,096. However, simply sliding a slip on a plurality of slopes to get enhanced radial extension does not increase the slip holding capacity as the ramps are not interlocking to function as a unitary structure so that the effective thickness of the slip itself is not effectively increased for additional carrying capacity. A traditional slip moving up a ramp is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 3,530,934.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the slip design of the present invention allows the slip assembly to articulate in a manner where the segments overlap each other while interlocking in a manner to effectively increase the slip thickness for enhanced load capacity while keeping the drift dimension of the tool sufficiently small for running in so that the tool can be rapidly deployed at the desired location. These and other aspects of the present invention will be more readily apparent to those skilled in the art from a review of the description of the preferred embodiment and the associated drawings while recognizing that the full scope of the invention is to be determined from the appended claims.

Increased load bearing thickness for anchoring slip


Hair spray compositions comprising a liquid carrier, hollow, fluid-filled microspheres, a polymer fixative, and propellant are provided.

"Flat" or "limp" are common complaints for consumers with fine, thin hair. To improve their satisfaction with their hair, consumers desire more volume: increasing the space the hair occupies, making the hair appear more bulky and full. There are many factors that influence hair volume: the total number of hair fibers, the hair diameter, and hair fiber-to-fiber interactions are key factors.
In an attempt to increase hair volume, styling polymers have been used to alter fiber-to-fiber interactions and lock in the volume. These fiber-fiber bonds can be easily broken from external stresses, such as brushing or running fingers through the hair, resulting in a decrease in volume. Such styling polymers may also result in stiff-looking hair or exhibit polymer flaking after application to the hair. Other products incorporate solid particles to increase the perceived diameter of the hair fiber and or increase friction to make individual hair fibers look and feel thicker. However, solid particles used in these hair products can be heavy, and, while an initial boost in volume occurs, such components weigh the hair down over time.
Therefore, there remains a need for a hair treatment that increases the volume of the hair on a subject without the disadvantage of incorporating materials that counteract the volume increase over time and or have a poor tactile feel.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Hair compositions and methods of use thereof


A low profile LED lamp with high efficient heat dissipation is disclosed. Each of the lead frame unit has a left top metal section, left middle metal section, right top metal section, and a top-down tapered metal section. The top-down tapered metal section is bent inwards to form a lead frame bottom cup which is suitable for fitting in the low profile LED lamp.

Technical Field
The present invention relates to an LED lamp, especially related to a low profile LED lamp.
Description of Related Art
FIGS. 1A˜1B show a prior art.
FIG. 1A shows a prior art lead frame
FIG. 1A shows that U.S. Pat. No. 8,791,484 disclosed an LED lamp which has a lead frame including a top metal 22, 22P, a metal lead 21, a branch lead 23 paralleled with the metal lead 21. A metal connection 27 connecting the metal lead 21 and the branch lead 23. An LED chip 26 straddles the gap G between the top metal pad 22P and the metal lead 21.
Since the metal lead 21 is in a shape of a longitudinal elongated rectangle and the metal connection 27 is configured near the bottom of the metal lead 21. The bottom part of the metal lead 21 is not suitable for bending inwards to make a low profile LED lamp. Bending the bottom metal plate 21 inwards shall cause circuit short and damage the LED lamp.
FIG. 1B shows an LED lamp using the traditional lead frame of FIG. 1A
FIG. 1B shows a traditional LED lamp using the lead frame of FIG. 1A. Due to the long length in longitudinal direction of the metal lead 21, an exclusive heat sink 914 in cylinder shape is needed for the lower portion of the metal lead 21 to attach. A lamp base 66 is configured on bottom of the heat sink 914. Based on the metal lead 21 to be used in the prior art LED lamp, the height of the LED lamp is significantly greater than a traditional one. However, for some applications, a low profile LED lamp is required while with high heat dissipation.
The prior art long metal lead 21 can not meet the height requirement for producing a low profile LED lamp in some applications. Further, an exclusive heat sink 914 has to be configured for the lower portion of the metal lead 21 to attach. The prior art LED lamp is bulky and heavy. The disadvantage for the prior art LED lamp includes height problem and weight problem. A low profile LED lamp without having an exclusive heat sink while with high heat dissipation is eagerly required.


A method is offered which is capable of quantifying all the peaks of a magnetic resonance spectrum based on a theoretical relationship between the real and imaginary parts of the spectrum without phase correcting the peaks. First, the spectra of the real and imaginary parts are found by quadrature detection. Then, integrated values a and b over given regions of the obtained spectra of the real and imaginary parts, respectively, are found. An integral intensity of a spectral peak in the spectrum is calculated to be ±√{square root over ((a2+b2))}.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of quantifying magnetic resonance spectra used in magnetic resonance instruments.
2. Description of Related Art
Generally, in a Fourier-transform magnetic resonance method, such as Fourier-transform NMR (FT-NMR) spectroscopy or Fourier-transform electron spin resonance (FT-ESR) spectroscopy, real and imaginary parts are mixed in the observed spectrum. Therefore, it is necessary that phase correction be made after the observation of the spectrum and that the spectrum be separated into a spectrum consisting only of the real part and a spectrum consisting only of the imaginary part.
Heretofore, such a magnetic resonance spectrum has been quantified by the following method. The spectrum is appropriately phase corrected using a manual or automated phase correction method. Then, a desired portion of the real part of the spectrum is extracted. The integrated value of the real part in this range is found.
In this case, execution of phase correction is essential prior to the integration. However, it is very difficult to automatically correct the phase of a spectrum containing plural peaks of various heights. Hence, manual phase correction has been indispensable. See Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. S56-14146; Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. S59-136642; Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. S63-142249; and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-325407.
In the prior art method, manual phase correction is inevitably performed during the procedure of quantification analysis. Therefore, there is the problem that if the other portions of the analytical processing are automated, complete automation cannot be achieved.

Method of quantifying magnetic resonance spectrum


A substance delivery device includes an elongated tubular body having opposing proximal and distal ends, and a diaphragm that is in slideable sealing engagement with an inside wall of the tubular body. The diaphragm is movable in opposite first and second directions within the tubular body. A substance is contained within the tubular body between the diaphragm and the tubular body distal end, and a slave fluid is contained within the tubular body between the diaphragm and the tubular body proximal end. When pressure is exerted on the slave fluid, the slave fluid causes the diaphragm to move and eject the substance through the tubular body distal end.

Various therapeutic and diagnostic procedures require that a substance be infused into a prescribed region of a patient, such as into a target deep brain location in the patient's brain, using a delivery cannula. It may be important or critical that the substance be delivered with high accuracy to the target region in the patient and without undue trauma to the patient. MRI-guided deliveries typically employ long lengths of tubing resulting in relatively large "dead spaces" that often result in a volume of medical substance that may be wasted or unused. Because of the high cost of such medical substances, it may be desirable to reduce the amount of substance that is wasted or unused.

Substance delivery devices, systems and methods


A portable electronic device includes a casing, an electronic component disposed in the casing, and a thermal module for dissipating heat of the electronic component. The thermal module includes a heat pipe, a fin unit, and a transverse fan. The heat pipe includes an evaporating section thermally attached to the electronic component, and a condensing section thermally attached to the fin unit. The transverse fan is arranged in the casing for generating an airflow through the electronic component and the fin unit. The transverse fan includes a rotor, and a sidewall on a floor of the casing and surrounding the rotor. The sidewall defines an air inlet and an air outlet therein. The air outlet faces to the fin unit. The air inlet faces to the electronic component.

1. Field of the Disclosure
The disclosure generally relates to a portable electronic device, and particularly to a thermal module of the portable electronic device.
2. Description of Related Art
With the continuing development of electronic technology, processors of the electronic devices have become faster and faster, which causes the processors to generate more redundant heat. Thermal modules are traditionally disposed in the electronic devices to help transfer of the heat from the processors to an outside, thus to maintain a stability and normal performance of the electronic devices.
Generally the thermal module includes a fin unit thermally attached to the processor to absorb heat therefrom, and a centrifugal blower for generating airflow to take away the heat of the fin unit. The centrifugal blower defines air inlet/inlets at top side or/and bottom side thereof, and defines an air outlet at a lateral side adjacent to the fin unit. A gap is defined between a casing of the electronic device and the top side/bottom side of the centrifugal blower for the airflow flowing into the centrifugal blower smoothly. However, the gaps between the casing and the centrifugal fan increase a thickness of the electronic device, which conflicts with the requirement of lightness, thinness, compactness and minimization of the portable electronic devices.
For the foregoing reasons, therefore, there is a need in the art for a portable electronic device with a thermal module which overcomes the above-mentioned problems.

Portable electronic device incorporating thermal module

Fu Zhun Precision Industry (Shen Zhen) Co., Ltd.


A method and apparatus for verifying an integrated circuit device test for testing an integrated circuit device on an automated tester is presented. An integrated circuit device simulator simulates a flawed integrated circuit device that models one or more known flaws, or physical defects, in an assumed good integrated circuit device design. A tester simulator simulates the integrated circuit device test which sends stimuli to, and receives responses from, the simulated flawed integrated circuit device. A test analyzer then determines whether the simulated test of the simulated flawed integrated circuit device detected the flaws in the simulated flawed integrated circuit device and properly failed the simulated flawed integrated circuit device.

The present invention relates generally to electronic circuit testing, and more particularly to a method and system for verifying the reliability of an integrated circuit device test using test simulation and integrated circuit device sin with simulated integrated circuit flaws representative of known integrated circuit defects.
The increasing reliance upon computer systems in every industrial and economic sector has led to the continuous improvement of the system hardware and associated processes that run on the hardware. While smaller processes, increased density, and faster speeds of integrated circuits have revolutionized the size and capability of today's computerized products, these same integrated circuit improvements have dramatically increased the cost and complexities of designing and testing such devices.
Currently, integrated multi-functional Electronic Automation Design (EAD) tools are used to design and simulate integrated circuit devices. The design of an integrated circuit device involves synthesizing device components to meet the device specification, which includes requirements for both device functionality and device timing. The design is typically verified against the device specification via simulation. A simulator, typically integrated into the EAD tool, simulates the operation of the design by applying a set of input stimulus to the synthesized design, and receiving and monitoring a set of simulated output responses. The input stimuli are designed to test the functionality and timing of the design against the requirements of the device specification. The simulator compares the simulated output responses to expected output response values to verify operation of the design. Once a design is satisfactorily verified against the device specification, a physical implementation of the device (e.g., a "prototype") is generated and tested using the simulation test data, including respective pairs of input stimulus and expected output response to verify expected operation of the physical device against the design.
Simulator tools generally output simulation test data, including respective pairs of input stimulus and expected output response, to files formatted according to what is known in the industry as "event-based" data formats. Examples of event-based data formats include the IEEE Standard 1364-2001 Verilog Change Dump (VCD) format, or the IEEE Standard 1450-1999 Standard Test Interface Language (STIL) format. A VCD event-based data file, for example, typically contains header information, variable definitions (e.g., pin number or name definitions), and the timescale used. Next, the file typically contains definitions of the scope and type of variables being dumped, followed by the actual value changes at each simulation time increment. Only the variables that change value during a time increment are listed.
In contrast, the integrated circuit device testers, such as large complex industrial Automated Test Equipment (ATE), typically require input test data formatted according to a "cycle-based" data format. A cycle-based data format generally includes a set of vectors and a set of waveforms defined by a fixed device cycle time.
The event-based and cycle-based data file formats are incompatible. Accordingly, in order to utilize the simulation test data generated by the simulator to verify operation of the prototype, or to verify operation of manufactured devices during production, the event-based simulation test data must be converted to cycle-based test data compatible with the particular ATE that will test the physical device.
A translator tool typically performs the conversion of event-based simulation test data to cycle-based test data appropriate to the particular ATE testing the prototype or device under test (DUT). During the design process, the designer assumes an ideal testbench (i.e., that the tester simulation is ideal). However, because the tester simulator tester simulator can only model or approximate the behavior of the actual tester. Accordingly, when the real (actual physical) tester executes the simulation test data on the physical device under test, the test may behave differently than it did during simulation. In addition, because the event-based data must be cyclized by the translator tool, the test undergoes a translation from one test data format to another. However, in general, when any form of translation is performed on a test, a potential exists of materially changing the test. Accordingly, a test that operated correctly during simulation may not necessarily operate correctly when executed on the actual tester. This may generate misleading results. For example, if a test that properly passed simulated integrated circuit devices during simulation fails a physical embodiment of the integrated circuit device on the actual tester, the device may not necessarily be flawed; it may have been failed because the test itself is flawed, either due to translation problems or to flaws in the tester simulator used in the design of the integrated circuit.
In the production environment, time is of the essence. In terms of time-to-market, waiting for fabrication of a physical embodiment of the integrated circuit device (often referred to as waiting for "first silicon" or a later version of "silicon") can be wasteful. In addition, because tester time is expensive and once silicon arrives, it is highly desirable to begin testing right away without having to simultaneously debug the test.
Accordingly, a process called "resimulation" or "virtual test" is often performed prior to the arrival of the physical embodiment of the integrated circuit device in order to test and debug the test. Resimulation attempts to detect flaws in the test itself prior to actual execution of the test on the tester. Resimulation has the advantage in that it can be performed in parallel to the fabrication of the physical integrated circuit device to be tested so that the test will be ready and "bug"-free when the physical embodiment of the integrated circuit device is available for testing on the tester. Resimulation uses a resimulation tool, which can use the same or a different simulator as that used to generate the test itself, that imports a tester-specific library that will generate the stimuli and receive simulated responses according to an ATE specific testbench that simulates/emulates the particular tester that will actually test the physical integrated circuit device.
Resimulation, or "virtual testing", describes a software simulation of ATE testing an IC device. A virtual test typically has two main parts: the tester simulation (also referred to herein as "testbench"), and the integrated circuit device simulation. The testbench simulates or emulates the ATE, sending stimulus to, and receiving expected results from, the simulated integrated circuit device. The integrated circuit device simulation emulates the integrated circuit device being designed and/or tested based on the integrated circuit design generated during the design process.
Generally, the purpose of virtual testing is to debug the ATE test before silicon is physically available. This implies a "potentially flawed test, good design, good chip" approach. Sometimes virtual testing is also used to detect design flaws before expensive masks and first silicon are produced (corresponding to a "good test, bad design, good chip" approach).
It will be appreciated that a test really has two purposes: (1) pass good parts, and (2) fail bad parts. Current test development heavily favors only the first purpose of the test.
Resimulation allows verification of test prior to actual execution of the test on a tester. However, a test is only as good as the test coverage it provides. Test coverage is typically discussed in terms of "faults" and "defects". A "defect" is a physical flaw on the integrated circuit that may be the result of poor design (e.g., missing links), poor fabrication (e.g., malformed vias or solder connections), or external events (e.g., particle contamination, change in environment such as a change in temperature that destroys all or a portion of the device). A "fault" is a model of a problem (e.g., a bit is stuck in a high or low state, or the operating current of the device is above a pre-defined threshold). For example, a stuck-at "fault" may indicate that a link of a transistor is broken, whereas the "defect" that caused the fault may be that the metal lines that fabricate the transistor were laid down incorrectly.
Test development is faced with two practical issues, among others. The first is that faults are more easily identifiable and translatable into a structural or functional test than actual defects. The second is that fabrication of integrated circuit devices is expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, test development tends to be focused on detecting identifiable faults and passing good parts if they do not exhibit the faults. In the test development environment, these goals often translate to the development of a test that heavily favors not failing good parts. The result of the test development process is that the test will not fail good parts. However, in meeting these criteria, the second purpose of test, namely, verifying that the test does not pass bad parts, is frequently overlooked.
In addition, because the test development process favors fault modeling (or detection of symptoms of defects rather than the defect itself), the test may actually miss detection of the defect itself, and falsely pass a defective part. What is needed, therefore, is a technique for verifying that that a test fails parts with actual defects rather than merely detecting the symptoms of defects through fault detection.
Accordingly, the invention allows simulation of the integrated circuit device as if it had known defects, rather than merely fault modeling the device, and verifies that the test actually catches the defects.

Verification of integrated circuit tests using test simulation and integrated circuit simulation with simulated failure


A fastener shield for use in a fluid flow path within a gas turbine engine for reducing fluid drag and heating generated by fluid flow over a plurality of circumferentially spaced bolts. The fastener shield has a radially-extending, downstream-facing mounting flange with a plurality of circumferentially spaced bolt holes positioned to receive respective engine mounting bolts therethrough and to attach the mounting flange to elements of the turbine engine. A curved, upstream-facing fastener shield cover is positioned in spaced-apart relation to the mounting flange for at least partially covering and separating an exposed, upstream-facing portion of the bolts from the fluid flow to thereby reduce drag and consequent heating of the bolts. A plurality of closely spaced-apart, spirally-oriented channels are formed in the fastener shield cover for deflecting the fluid flow impinging on the fastener shield cover, thereby increasing the tangential velocity and lowering the relative temperature of the fluid flow.

This invention relates generally to turbomachines such as gas turbine engines and, more particularly, to an improved fastener shield for minimizing temperature rise associated with protrusions in a fluid flow path.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,190,397 and 5,090,865, assigned to the assignee of the present invention, each describe the need for and use of fastener shields, referred to therein as "windage shields", in gas turbine engines. In particular, the efficiency of the engine is directly related to the ability of the engine to operate at higher turbine inlet temperatures. The need for higher turbine operating temperatures requires cooling air to be supplied to various components of the engine in order to allow the components to operate at the higher temperatures without being subjected to thermal stress to a degree that is damaging to the engine.
In order to supply cooling air at a temperature that is effective to lower the temperature of the operating components, cooling air is extracted from a compressor section of the engine and routed through various channels to the turbine section. As the cooling air is subjected to work input in passing through these channels, the temperature of the cooling air rises. Elements that have been found to significantly affect work in the cooling fluid flow are nuts and bolt heads utilized in connecting various sections of the turbine together. These fastener elements protrude into the cooling air channels creating aerodynamic drag, causing heating of the cooling fluid in a manner that the cooling air receives more work.
The U.S. patents referenced above describe fastener shields that improve the performance of gas turbine engines. The fastener shields described therein are particularly useful with flange connections that protrude into the fluid flow passage and are connected together by bolts with heads in the fluid flow passage.
The fastener shield described in the '397 patent includes a continuous ring having a generally L-shaped profile that is captured between the bolt head and an upstream flange. The captured flange portion of the shield is provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced, milled slots contoured to receive D-shaped bolt heads. These bolt heads are mounted flush with the upstream captured portion of the shield, thus eliminating open access holes and protruding bolts. The combination of D-shaped heads and contoured slots provides a means for torquing the bolts.
The cylindrical section of the L-shaped shield extends downstream of the mating flanges and passes the nut side of the bolted connection to direct cooling air past the nut, thereby minimizing velocity reduction from the nut, and represented a distinct improvement over prior art flange connections, such as shown in FIG. 3 of the '397 patent.
While the fastener shield as described in the '397 patent is effective to reduce drag effects within the fluid flow channel of a gas turbine engine, a plurality of contoured slots must be machined in the surface of the fastener shield facing the fluid flow path so that the heads of the bolts fit into the precision machined slots of the shield. Furthermore, the described fastener shield has an L-shaped cross-section with a portion which extends parallel to the direction of fluid flow within the fluid flow channel with the described intent of directing the main fluid flow past bolt heads on the opposite side of the bolted flange.
However, this extended portion does not eliminate flow over the bolt heads due to secondary circulating fluid fields. Thus, it was desirable to have a fastener shield which did not extend into the fluid flow channel and which did not require the specialty-designed bolt heads or a plurality of precision machined slots for receiving the bolt heads, and which accommodates secondary fluid flows.
The '865 patent thus provides a continuous ring of substantially rectangular cross-section formed with a plurality of circumferentially spaced, arcuate-shaped grooves on a first surface of the ring that are oriented so that the ring may be positioned over the bolt heads within the grooves of the ring. A plurality of apertures formed through the ring are aligned with the apertures in the spaces between adjacent grooves. Each of the apertures has a countersunk portion on an outward side of the ring opposite the side containing the grooves.
At least some of the bolts connecting the flanges together extend through the ring at the apertures for holding the ring in position over the bolt heads. The bolts extending through the ring have heads that are recessed into the countersunk areas, with the top of the bolt heads lying flush with the outer surface of the ring.
The countersunk portions fit snugly around the bolt heads to minimize the area of any cavity which could be exposed and lead to disturbance in the fluid flow path. The ring is designed so that when placed in its operative position over the bolt heads, the lower surface of the ring in which the grooves are formed fits snugly against the flange and one edge of the ring also abuts the annular member to which the flange is attached. Fluid is thus prevented from passing under the fastener shield.
The present invention provides further advantages over the above-described fastener shields by further reducing the temperature through the high pressure turbine forward shaft area.
This is accomplished by separating the fastener shield from the compressor discharge pressure (CDP) seal. This permits the fastener shield to be removed without removing the CDP seal, and allows the fastener shield to thermally expand separately from the CDP seal, thus maintaining sealing performance of the CDP seal over a longer period of time.

Swirl-enhanced aerodynamic fastener shield for turbomachine


Certain embodiments herein relate to educational knee joint models with synthetic medial and lateral menisci disposed thereon. In certain implementations, one of the synthetic menisci has specific type of tear formed therein. Other embodiments relate to educational knee joint treatment platforms having a base, an attachment wall, a coupling component, and a retention strap.

The knee joint is the largest synovial joint of the human body and thus is subject to injury, especially in athletes or those living an active lifestyle that can increase the risks of such injuries. FIGS. 1A-1G depict a known leg and knee joint model 10 called a Sawbones M.I.S. Knee™ 10, which is commercially available from Pacific Research Laboratories in Vashon Island, Wash. The knee joint model 10 in this particular example has a knee joint 12 formed from the coupling of a synthetic femur 14 as shown in FIG. 1B and a synthetic tibia 16 as shown in FIG. 1C and positioned within a synthetic skin material 18 as best shown in FIG. 1A. As shown in the figures, the knee joint 12 is the point where the femur 14 (as show in FIG. 1B) and the tibia 16 (as shown in FIG. 1C) come together to form the knee joint 12. More specifically, the femoral joint surface 20 as best shown in FIG. 1D is positioned adjacent to the tibial joint surface 22 as best shown in FIG. 1E.
Two fibro-cartilagionous tissues called menisci (not shown) are disposed between the two bones 14, 16 and play a role in knee biomechanics while helping to preserve the integrity of the two surfaces 20, 22. The two menisci are the lateral meniscus and the medial meniscus (not shown), which are positioned between the femoral condyles 24 of FIG. 1F and the tibial plateau 26 of FIG. 1G. The menisci cover one half to two thirds of the tibial surface 22 and thereby help to remedy the anatomic incongruence between the femoral joint surface 20 and the tibial joint surface 22.
The health of the knee joint largely depends on the integrity of the menisci. Thus, understanding of types of meniscus tears and clinical detection of such tears can be crucial to maintaining maximum health of the menisci and the knee joint.
There is a need in the art for improved methods and devices for training practitioners in best practices and techniques for examining a patient's knee for meniscus damage.

Synthetic knee joint apparatus and related educational methods for clinical knee joint examinations

Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.


The present invention discloses a paper roll device including a casing, a cover connected to the casing, a moving component, a first resilient component connected to the moving component, a lever pivoted to the moving component, a second resilient component, a detecting module and a control module. The first resilient component is for driving the moving component to move in a first direction. The lever pivots relative to the moving component as the moving component moves. The second resilient component is connected to a sensing portion of the lever and for supporting the lever in the first direction. The detecting module is for detecting a position state of the sensing portion of the lever, so as to generate a corresponding detecting signal. The control module is for determining an open/closed state of the cover relative to the casing according to the detecting signal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a paper roll device, and more specifically, to a paper roll device capable of detecting an open/closed state of a cover and indicating an amount of a paper roll automatically.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A conventional paper roll device, such as a lottery machine, a receipt machine or an ATM machine, often does not have a function of detecting whether a cover covers a casing and whether a paper roll is installed inside the casing of the machine. For ensuring that the paper roll is installed inside the casing, a user has to open the cover to check. Therefore, the user may easily forget to cover the casing or may not place the cover correctly. On the other way, if the cover is designed to be transparent, the user can see through the transparent cover to check whether the paper roll is installed inside the casing. But the user cannot be aware whether the paper roll is installed inside the casing and be aware of other related information immediately. Therefore, it is an important issue to design a paper roll device capable of notifying the user that whether the cover covers the casing correctly and whether the paper roll is installed inside the casing automatically.

Paper roll device capable of detecting an open/closed state of a cover

Min-Sing-Sin-Jhuang Industrial District, Shang-Hai


To efficiently determine intermediate data for use with an aggregate function while keeping confidentiality, a bit decomposition unit generates a share of a bit string by bit decomposition and concatenation of key attributes. A group sort generation unit generates a share of a first permutation, which performs a stable sort of the bit string in ascending order. A bit string sorting unit generates a share of a sorted bit string obtained by sorting the bit string with the first permutation. A flag generation unit generates a share of a flag indicating a boundary between groups. A key aggregate sort generation unit generates a share of a second permutation, which performs a stable sort of the negation of the flag in ascending order. A de-duplication unit generates shares of de-duplicated key attributes. A key sorting unit generates shares of sorted key attributes by sorting the de-duplicated key attributes.

An aggregate function is an operation to obtain statistical values that have been grouped based on the value of a key attribute when there are a key attribute and a value attribute in a table. An aggregate function is also called group-by operation. A key attribute is an attribute that is used for grouping table records, such as official position or gender, for example. A value attribute is an attribute that is used for calculating statistical values, such as salary or body height, for example. Group-by operation can be an operation to obtain the average body heights by gender when the key attribute is gender, for example. The key attribute may also be a composite key consisting of multiple attributes: for example, it may be an operation to obtain the average body height of males in their teens, the average body height of males in their twenties, and so on when the key attributes are gender and age. Non-Patent Literature 1 describes a method that performs group-by operation by secure computation.
Group-by operations specifically include group-by count, group-by sum, group-by maximum/minimum, group-by median, rank in group, and the like. Group-by count refers to cross tabulation, being an operation to sum up the number of records in each group when a table is grouped based on the value of a key attribute. Group-by sum is the sum of a desired value attribute in each group. Group-by maximum/minimum is the maximum/minimum of a desired value attribute in each group. Group-by median is the median of a desired value attribute in each group. Rank in group is a function for obtaining the rank of the value of a value attribute in each record within the group.

Secure aggregate function computation system, secure computation apparatus, secure aggregate function computation method, and program

NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION


An image processing apparatus (1), for performing image processing on image data which is obtained by performing imaging of a subject and in which the degree of motion blurring of an image represented by the image data changes in accordance with an imaging condition at the time of performing imaging of the subject, includes a motion information correcting unit (12) for correcting motion information representing motion concerning the image on the basis of imaging information representing the imaging condition, and a motion blurring adding unit (13) for adding motion blurring to the image by using the motion information corrected by the motion information correcting means to perform image processing on the image data.

When a display device is used to display a moving image in which each frame is taken in a short effective exposure time for a period determined at a frame rate by an imaging apparatus having a shutter function, visual image deterioration may occur in which motion of a moving object included in the image is displayed in a discontinuous manner and an observer who observes the image perceives a different superimposed image.
Such moving image deterioration based on unnatural motion is generally called motion jerkiness (reference document: ANSI T1.801.02-1996).

Image processing device, image picking-up device, image processing method, and program


Systems, methods, and computer program products of audio processing based on Adaptive Intermediate Spatial Format (AISF) are described. The AISF is an extension to ISF that allows spatial resolution around an ISF ring to be adjusted dynamically with respect to content of incoming audio objects. An AISF encoder device adaptively warps each ISF ring during ISF encoding to adjust angular distance between objects, resulting in increase in uniformity of energy distribution around the ISF ring. At an AISF decoder device, matrices that decode sound positions to the output speaker take into account the warping that was performed at the AISF encoder device to reproduce the true positions of sound sources.

Any discussion of the background art throughout the specification should in no way be considered as an admission that such art is widely known or forms part of common general knowledge in the field.
Intermediate Spatial Format (ISF) is a spatial audio processing format that enables representation of a spatial audio scene as a set of channels equally spaced in various angles around one or more concentric rings, referred to as ISF rings, where each ring represents a particular height position in a listening environment. The channels in each ISF ring are configurable, independently from channels in other ISF rings. The channels can be decoded via a mix matrix to an arbitrary set of output speaker angles. The number of output speakers can be greater or lower than the number of channels in each ISF ring. The spatial resolution around an ISF ring is constant and is determined by the number of ISF channels. Quality of playback experience, e.g., how closely decoded sound positions match original sound positions, can be improved by increasing the number of channels in the ISF.

Audio processing in adaptive intermediate spatial format

DOLBY LABORATORIES LICENSING CORPORATION


A separator for separating a flowable suspension in a centrifugal field into at least two flowable phases of different density. The separator includes a housing, which is stationary during operation and is designed as a tank having at least three openings. The three openings include an inlet for an inflowing suspension and two outlets vertically spaced apart from each other for flowable phases of different density. Annular spaces of the housing are associated with the two outlets. A rotatable drum is arranged within the housing and has a vertical axis of rotation. The drum has three openings, corresponding to the openings of the housing. A multi-part support and drive device, which keeps the drum suspended within the housing, is supported and is set into rotation. An air gap is formed vertically between the two outlets and annular spaces of the housing during operation. The air gap is not filled with one of the outflowing phases during operation when the drum is rotating.

The invention relates to a separator for separating a flowable suspension in a centrifugal field into at least two flowable phases of different densities.
WO 2014/000829 A1 discloses a generic separator for separating a flowable product into different phases, which has a rotatable drum with a drum lower part and a drum upper part and a means for clarification arranged in the drum, wherein one, several or all of the following elements consist of plastic or a plastic composite material: the drum lower part, the drum upper part, the means for clarification. In this way it is possible to design a part of the drum or preferably even the entire drum—preferably together with the inlet and outlet systems or areas—for single use, which is of particular interest and advantage for the processing of pharmaceutical products such as fermentation broths or the like, since after operation for processing a corresponding product batch in preferably continuous operation during the processing of the product batch, no cleaning of the parts of the drum in contact with the product has to be carried out, but the entire drum can be replaced. This separator is therefore very advantageous from a hygienic point of view. In order to achieve a physical separation between this disposable drum and the drive, a non-contact coupling between drive and drum is advantageous.
WO2015/110501 A1 discloses a device for separating blood into two phases of different density comprising a magnetic drive device and a container that is set in rotational movement about its own axis by the drive device, wherein the container has at least one open end and at least one inlet therein, and wherein the container is magnetically suspended. Problematic in this respect is the unsatisfactorily resolved discharge of the two phases forming during centrifugal separation from the open, cup-like rotor.
WO 2015/110501 A1 discloses inserting the rotating container in a non-rotating housing surrounding the rotating container, which is closed except for an inlet and two outlets. Through the stationary housing, a central inlet pipe is fed vertically from above into the rotating container, from which a first phase is again pumped vertically upwards with a kind of peeling element and wherein the rotating container further has an overflow at its vertically upper end for a second phase, so that this flows into the surrounding non-rotating housing during operation, so that this fills up during operation until the liquid phase also flows out of the stationary housing again through an overflow. This design has the disadvantage that it is hardly possible to achieve higher speeds in a sensible way, as the inner—rotating—container rotates in the liquid collecting in the housing.
Exemplary embodiments involve a separator for separating a flowable suspension in a centrifugal field into at least two flowable phases of different densities, which comprises the following:
a) a housing which is stationary in operation and is designed as tank which has at least three openings, said openings comprising an inlet opening for an inflowing suspension and two vertically spaced outlets for flowable phases of different density, to which annular spaces of the housing are preferably assigned in each case,b) a rotatable drum arranged inside the housing with a vertical axis of rotation, which likewise has three openings corresponding to the openings of the housing from a),c) a multi-part support and drive device with which the drum is held in suspension, supported and rotated within the housing,d) wherein vertically between the two outlets and annular spaces of the housing an air gap is formed which is not filled with one of the outflowing phases but with a gas, in particular air, during operation when the drum is rotating.
In this way, one product phase can easily be fed in and two flowable product phases can be discharged without the drum in the housing being completely surrounded by the discharged product, which would slow it down. This makes it possible to reach and maintain higher speeds of up to 20000 rpm during operation without any problems.
According to an advantageous variant, it can be provided that the inlet is designed as an inlet pipe extending vertically from above towards the center of the housing and the two outlets are radially aligned.
It has then proved to be advantageous if the support and drive device has at least two permanent and/or electromagnetically acting bearing and/or drive units. In this way it is possible to influence the operating behavior of the drum in a more targeted manner than if this task is carried out with only one single support and drive unit.
Thus, it may be advantageous for one of the support and/or drive units to be designed as a first, axially acting magnetic bearing, which is formed below the drum and is essentially or exclusively designed to keep the drum suspended axially vertically.
It is further advantageous if a second of the support and/or drive units is designed to support the drum radially at its lower end and to set it in rotation.
Finally, the operating behavior can be further optimized in that a third of the support and/or drive units is designed and arranged as a radially acting magnetic bearing to support the drum at its upper axial end.
It can be further advantageous for achieving particularly high speeds and for particularly stable operation that the first liquid outlet is formed on the drum in the upper axial region—preferably at the upper axial end—and the second liquid outlet is formed in the lower axial region of the drum—preferably at the lower axial end of a cylindrical section of the drum.
It may further be advantageously provided that a device for adjusting the separation zone within the drum is assigned to at least one of the two liquid outlets.
And finally, it may also be advantageously provided that the housing has only the three openings and is otherwise hermetically sealed. This makes it easier to create a separator that has the disposable components of "drum" and "housing", whereas at least parts of the support and drive device are reusable.


An air bag module (20, 20a) comprising: an inflator (300), a first support member (200-200a), a second support member (250, 250a-250d) and a cover (30) for enclosing an air bag (100); the cover includes a plurality of resilient tabs (48), the tabs are situated in a predetermined pattern about a cavity (38) which receives the air bag (100), a formation having a thickened tip is formed on a distal end of each tab, the thickened tip is configured as lock feature (50) which prevents the cover from disengaging from the first and second support members, each tab and associated lock feature is movable from a rest position to a deflected position upon contact with one of the plates; the first and second support members are locatable about each tab and configured to cooperatively define an effective narrow opening which is of smaller dimension than the thick tip, thereby preventing movement of the thick tip through the first and second support members and hence the disengagement of the cover from the first and second support members.

The present invention relates to air bag modules and more particularly to an air bag module in which the air bag cover is attached to a housing or support member without the need for additional discrete fasteners.
The prior art shows air bag modules in which a housing or support plate is secured to a cover by way of rivets or other similar discrete fasteners. Another type of air bag module introduces a snap-fit connection between the housing and cover. In this type of module the air bag cover typically includes a plurality of deformable members, each of which is urged outwardly upon assembly of the housing to the cover to avoid using the discrete fasteners. Upon full insertion of the cover into or upon the housing, these members snap into a locked position.
The present invention provides a novel construction in which a housing or support member such as a support plate or cup-shaped housing is secured to a cooperating cover.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved air bag module.
Accordingly the invention comprises: an air bag module comprising: an inflator, a first plate, a second plate and a cover for enclosing an air bag; the cover including a plurality of resilient tabs spaced about the cover, each tab including a lock feature, each tab is movable from a rest position to a deflected position by one of the plates; the first plate operatively connected to the cover and having a plurality of blocking surfaces thereon, each blocking surface positionable adjacent a first side of a corresponding tab; the second plate having a plurality of engagement surfaces thereon for engaging a corresponding cam surface of the lock feature of the tab for deforming the lock feature onto the first plate adjacent the blocking surface, the second plate sandwiching each lock feature between a corresponding engagement surface and the first plate.
Many other objects and purposes of the invention will be clear from the following detailed description of the drawings.

Driver air bag cover and attachment method