An oil mist collection system for a plurality of machine tools each having a coolant system directing coolant at the cutting tools and collecting coolant and returning the same to a filtration system includes an oil mist collector at each station collecting oil from mist present at each station and draining the oil back to the associated machine tool coolant return, and return air ducts from each of the oil mist collectors extending to a central air filtration apparatus. Each oil mist collector preferably includes a vertical spiral coil wall defining a spiral flow path into which the mist is directed, the oil droplets collecting onto the spiral coil wall and draining into a collection chamber below the spiral coil wall for return to the associated machine tool via a drain line. Each mist collector is comprised of an inlet housing, a spiral coil housing and a collection housing forming a unitary housing assembly. A drain valve prevents drawing air back through the drain line by only opening periodically just sufficiently to partially discharge accumulated oil and any solid debris with only minimal return air entering through the drain. A cyclonic air flow is induced in the collection chamber to prevent setting and accumulation of solids and drains out through a tangentially facing drain fitting in the bottom outer region of the collection chamber.

Machine tools currently employ cutting fluid to cool and lubricate the cutting tools. This fluid is directed in jets at the cutting tools during machining, and the cutting fluid draining from the part and tools is collected and directed to filtration equipment for removal of contaminants and chips and then returned for reuse, in the well known manner. The coolant typically includes an oil-water mix and an oil mist is often generated by the fine oil particles becoming dispersed in the air. This oil mist must be collected in order to avoid polluting the air and also to prevent deposit of oil on the adjacent surfaces which would present a safety problem particularly if oil slicks on the floor are created. In manufacturing setups, a number of machine tools are arranged as in a transfer line where workpieces are successively moved along a series of stations where respective machine tools are located, and wherein various machining processes are carried out.
Heretofore, oil mist collection has taken two different approaches. In the first approach, the air around each of the machine tools is drawn into ducting and directed to a central demister where the mist is caused to be removed from the air and the air is then filtered before being discharged back into the ambient air.
This approach has several disadvantages. Firstly, the longer the air has an oil mist present in it, the more oil passes into the air as a vapor which cannot be removed by simply filtering the air, leading to possibly unacceptable levels of air pollution and necessitating other equipment to remove the oil vapor.
Secondly, the oil collected by the demister must be disposed of, creating a maintenance burden. Fine machining particles may also collect in the ducting, also adding to the maintenance burden.
A second approach is to provide a mist collector and air filter equipment at each machine tool or station to avoid the need for directing the mist over some distance through ducting. This has the disadvantage of increased costs and complexity as electrically powered blowers are involved and wiring and controls must be provided at each machine tool.
Also, air filters must be replaced regularly, and if large numbers of filters are involved, this creates a substantial maintenance burden, which is highly undesirable in a manufacturing facility.
Another approach has been proposed in which mist collectors are provided at each station or machine to drain to the machine tool sump or coolant return with the air ducted to central air filter which would avoid some of the drawbacks of the other two approaches.
Mist collectors heretofore employed have typically been used in refrigeration and in association with internal combustion engines. In the machine tool application there is an added difficulty in that cutting chips and other particle debris from machining will often be present in or collected with the oil mist. The chips must be accommodated in any installation, and if collecting in the ductwork or tanks, they must be periodically removed. If reaching the demister, they must also be disposed of.
In any oil mist collector, the collected oil must be allowed to drain into a collection tank. A difficulty involved in this task is that air which is being drawn to the air filter must preferably not be drawn back over the collected oil in order to minimize the formation of oil vapor and/or the regeneration of an oil mist from the collected oil. If chips are simply allowed to drop into an opening to a collection tank, the air drawn from the demister to be filtered will draw in air from the collection tank through the drain opening which will impede oil and chip draining and mix the air with the collected oil.
Electrically controlled drain valves for a collection tank have been used to be open only when oil is covering the drain to prevent any air from being drawn in through the drain by action of the air filter blower. This adds complexity to the installation and imposes a maintenance burden.
Any solids will tend to settle out in the tank, requiring periodic maintenance to clean out the accumulated solids.
This is particularly so when the tank is only periodically opened to a drain as this would allow more time for the chips to settle out and not be drained such that a periodic cleaning is necessitated.
This same difficulty is found if an overflow weir were used to receive oil drained from a collection tank.
Another difficulty with the decentralized approach is the cost of individual mist collectors at each station particularly due to the ducting and transitions required.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an oil collection system for a plurality of machine installations which does not involve moving the mist through ducts over a substantial distance but does not require complete oil mist collectors and air filters at each station, and which does not require disposal of oil or chips collected by the oil collector or clean out from a collecting tank.
It is another object of the invention to provide an individual oil mist collector which allows drainage of oil without return air flowing over the collected oil as to recreate a mist or pollution of the air with oil vapor while preventing settling out of chips.

Decentralized oil mist collection system


A printing apparatus is provided with a plurality of analyzing units, and a control unit. Each of the plurality of analyzing units analyzes each of different pages of print data, and notifies an error in a case that an analysis error occurs. The control unit receives the error notification from the analyzing unit, at which the analysis error occurs, among the plurality of analyzing units. And, the control unit notifies a cancel to another analyzing unit at which the analysis error does not occur. The control unit is further configured to notify, on a condition that a printing of all pages before a page at which the analysis error occurs is completed, the cancel to the another analyzing unit.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image processing technology which can perform appropriate processing according to an error, even when a plurality of analyzing units has been applied to the analysis processing of print data.
Description of the Related Art
A printing apparatus receives print data referred to as PDL (Page Description Language), analyzes the received print data, generates a bitmapped image in which a character and/or a figure are drawn, and performs print processing. If there is unknown data or the like in the print data, an error occurs in analysis processing, and the print processing after the error is canceled.
Conventionally, the analysis processing of print data has been executed by a CPU of a single core (processor having one core). At this time, the print data is analyzed in order of page, and the processing is suspended when an error has occurred. Accordingly, papers of the pages for which processing has ended are ejected (print result is output).
In recent years, a CPU of a multi-core (processor having a plurality of cores) has appeared, and the multi-core CPU is adopted for the enhancement of throughput in various fields. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-183757 discloses that the multi-core is applied also to the analysis processing of print data.
In the case where the multi-core is applied to the analysis processing of the print data, if a plurality of pages is simultaneously analyzed by a plurality of cores, and the processing is suspended when the error has occurred, the page which would have been output in the conventional printing apparatus may not be output, and appropriate processing according to the error becomes necessary.

Image processing apparatus, information processing method and storage medium


An imaging member includes a substrate; a charge generation layer positioned on the substrate; at least one charge transport layer positioned on the charge generation layer; and an undercoat layer positioned on the substrate on a side opposite the charge generation layer, the undercoat layer comprising a binder component and a metallic component comprising metal thiocyanate and metal oxide.

The present disclosure is generally related to imaging members, also referred to as photoreceptors, photosensitive members, and the like, and in embodiments to undercoat layers containing metal thiocyanate and electrographic imaging members containing the undercoat layers. The imaging members may be used in copy, printer, fax, scan, multifunction machines, and the like. In embodiments, the methods reduce scratching, abrasion, corrosion, fatigue, and cracking, and facilitate cleaning and durability of devices, for example active matrix imaging devices, such as active matrix belts.
The demand for improved print quality in xerographic reproduction is increasing, especially with the advent of color. Common print quality issues are strongly dependent on the quality of the undercoat layer (UCL). Conventional materials used for the undercoat or blocking layer have been problematic. In certain situations, a thicker undercoat is desirable, but the thickness of the material used for the undercoat layer is limited by the inefficient transport of the photo-injected electrons from the charge generating layer to the substrate. If the undercoat layer is too thin, then incomplete coverage of the substrate results due to wetting problems on localized unclean substrate surface areas. The incomplete coverage produces pin holes which can, in turn, produce print defects such as charge deficient spots (CDS) and bias charge roll (BCR) leakage breakdown. Other problems include "ghosting," which is thought to result from the accumulation of charge somewhere in the photoreceptor. Removing trapped electrons and holes residing in the imaging members is desirable to preventing ghosting. During the exposure and development stages of xerographic cycles, the trapped electrons are mainly at or near the interface between charge generating layer (CGL) and undercoating layer (UCL) and holes mainly at or near the interface between charge generating layer and charge transport layer (CTL). The trapped charges can migrate according to the electric field during the transfer stage, where the electrons can move from the interface of CGL/UCL to CTL/CGL or the holes from CTL/CGL to CGL/UCL and became deep traps that are no longer mobile. Consequently, when a sequential image is printed, the accumulated charge results in image density changes in the current printed image that reveals the previously printed image. Thus, there is a need, which the present embodiments address, for a way to minimize or eliminate charge accumulation in photoreceptors, without sacrificing the desired thickness of the undercoat layer.
The terms "charge blocking layer" and "blocking layer" are generally used interchangeably with the phrase "undercoat layer".
In the art of electrophotography, a photoreceptor, imaging member, or the like, comprising a photoconductive insulating layer on a conductive layer is imaged by first uniformly electrostatically charging the surface of the photoconductive insulating layer. The photoreceptor is then exposed to a pattern of activating electromagnetic radiation such as light, which selectively dissipates the charge in the illuminated areas of the photoconductive insulating layer while leaving behind an electrostatic latent image in the non-illuminated areas. This electrostatic latent image may then be developed to form a visible image by depositing finely divided electroscopic toner particles on the surface of the photoconductive insulating layer. The resulting visible toner image can be transferred to a suitable receiving member such as paper. This imaging process may be repeated many times with reusable photoconductive insulating layers.
Electrophotographic imaging members or photoreceptors are usually multilayered photoreceptors that comprise a substrate support, an electrically conductive layer, an optional hole blocking layer, an optional adhesive layer, a charge generating layer, and a charge transport layer in either a flexible belt form or a rigid drum configuration. Multilayered flexible photoreceptor members may include an anti-curl layer on the backside of the substrate support, opposite to the side of the electrically active layers, to render the desired photoreceptor flatness.
Examples of photosensitive members having at least two electrically operative layers including a charge generating layer and diamine containing transport layer are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,265,990; 4,233,384; 4,306,008; 4,299,897; and 4,439,507, the disclosures of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
Photoreceptors can also be single layer devices. For example, single layer organic photoreceptors typically comprise a photogenerating pigment, a thermoplastic binder, and hole and electron transport materials.
As more advanced, higher speed electrophotographic copiers, duplicators and printers were developed, the performance requirements for the xerographic components increased. Moreover, complex, highly sophisticated, duplicating and printing systems employing flexible photoreceptor belts, operating at very high speeds, have also placed stringent mechanical requirements and narrow operating limits as well on photoreceptors.
The charge generation layer is capable of photogenerating holes and injecting the photogenerated holes into the charge transport layer. The charge generation layer used in multilayered photoreceptors include, for example, inorganic photoconductive particles or organic photoconductive particles dispersed in a film forming polymeric binder. Inorganic or organic photoconductive material may be formed as a continuous, homogenous charge generation section. Many suitable photogenerating materials known in the art may be used, if desired.
Electrophotographic imaging members or photoreceptors having varying and unique properties are needed to satisfy the vast demands of the xerographic industry. The use of organic photogenerating pigments such as perylenes, bisazos, perinones, and polycyclic quinines in electrophotographic applications is well known. Generally, layered imaging members with the aforementioned pigments exhibit acceptable photosensitivity.
Conventional binders used in electrophotographic imaging members typically contain vinyl chloride. Examples of conventional binders are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,725,985, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,017,666, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Additionally, electrophotographic imaging members may be non-halogenated polymeric binders, such as a non-halogenated copolymers of vinyl acetate and vinyl acid.
Conventional electrophotographic imaging members may have an undercoat layer interposed between the conductive support and the charge generation layer. Examples of conventional undercoat layers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,265,990; 4,921,769; 5,958,638; 6,132,912; 6,287,737; and 6,444,386; incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
The appropriate components and processes of the above copending applications may be selected for the present disclosure in embodiments thereof. Further, the appropriate components and process aspects of the each of the foregoing U.S. patents may be selected for the present disclosure in embodiments thereof.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Electrophotographic imaging member undercoat layers


An embodiment provides a method for measuring nitrate in an aqueous sample, including: introducing an aqueous sample containing an amount of nitrate to a cation exchange resin; flowing the aqueous sample over copper metal; adding a reducing reagent to the aqueous sample; adding a colorimetric indicator to the aqueous sample; and measuring the amount of nitrate in the aqueous sample by measuring a change in intensity of the absorbance. Other aspects are described and claimed.

This application relates generally to measuring nitrate in aqueous or liquid samples, and, more particularly, to the measurement of nitrate using copper oxidation.
Ensuring water quality is critical in a number of industries such as pharmaceuticals and other manufacturing fields. Additionally, ensuring water quality is critical to the health and well-being of humans, animals, and plants which are reliant on the water for survival. One component of water that is typically measured is nitrate. Too much nitrate in water can be harmful to humans or animals. Therefore, detecting the presence and concentration of nitrate in water or other liquid solutions is vital.


Reducing multiple access interference in the radio frequency communications path between the network base station and UE. The preferred methods include interleaving STAP and MUD in a plurality of stages in a base station receiver. Specific embodiments accomplish this by selecting certain UE connections for MUD processing by stage. Then, in two or more stages, demodulating the UE connections selected for MUD processing using STAP, and MUD canceling UE connections selected for MUD processing. Within the latency requirements of the network, preferred embodiments of the present invention also command a transmit power for each UE connections in order to exploit the effect of interleaved STAP and MUD processing.

Multiple Access Interference (MAI) is a significant source of interference (noise) that limits the capacity and performance of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) wireless services. Higher data rate services like those provided by Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) systems exacerbate this situation as processing gain is reduced and must be compensated for by higher power (signal) levels, which in turn limits capacity for those applications.
A number of techniques have been conceived for mitigating MAI in spread spectrum wireless systems and thus improving overall network performance. The proposed solutions may be grouped into at least three classes: adaptive antenna array technology, multi-user receivers, and rapid power control. One class of these techniques employs adaptive array techniques along with specialized adaptive processing to improve network performance. U.S. Pat. Nos 6,154,485; 6,141,567; 6,115,409; 6,108,565; 6,100,843; 6,061,553; 6,031,877; 5,930,243; 5,904,470; and 5,828,658 are examples of these techniques.
Another class of techniques utilizes complex algorithms in the receiver to concurrently estimate the signals from multiple users utilizing a technique referred to as MUD or variants thereof. U.S. Pat. Nos 6,137,843; 6,108,564; 6,081,516; 6,014,373; 6,002,727; 5,956,333; and 5,719,852 are examples of these technological schemes.
A third class of techniques involves network link performance monitoring and control functions including monitoring and controlling transmitted powers from the base station and the mobile station and/or monitoring and controlling link signal quality metrics to mitigate MAI and improve overall network performance. Examples of this technology include U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,167,031; 6,131,049; 6,157,619; 6,119,010; 6,118,983; 6,104,933; and 6,088,335.
While the above-referenced patents disclose ways to improve WCDMA network performance within the specific technology (adaptive antennas and adaptive processing, MUD filtering techniques, or network quality performance monitoring and enhancement), they do not address those technological opportunities that collectively improve system performance across the entire receiver architecture.
Some aspects of this invention which separate it from other published and patented systems and methods are an integrated receiver architecture configured with a suite of signal processing algorithms incorporating the power of both STAP and MUD and the real-time control algorithms that assigns/allocates processing requirements. This architecture seeks, among other things, to optimize WCDMA network performance against practical real-time system constraints, notably computational complexity (cost) and network performance (throughput), and latency.

Multistage reception of code division multiple access transmissions

Science Applications International Corporation


A method includes sending image related working status information representing image-related working status of a projector that projects images, to a client over a network in response to a request to provide the image-related working status of the projector. The image-related working status is related to display characteristic of the projected image. The method includes controlling the image-related working status of the projector based on the control information received from the client over the network in response to the sent image-related working status information. The image-related working status information is sent to the client with screen information from which the client can display a user interface that includes the image-related working status information.

The projector-type display apparatus or the projector is, for example, connected to an image generation apparatus, such as a personal computer, via a video cable and is used for presentations and other purposes. Analog RGB signals generated by the personal computer are input into the projector via the video cable and are projected as images on a screen or the like.
Under such working conditions, the personal computer simply exerts the function of outputting video signals to the projector. The work of connecting the personal computer with the projector via the video cable
It is accordingly convenient to store data for the presentation in the projector. Under the recent development of the network environment, it is further convenient to distribute display video data to the projector via the network. In the structure of storing the presentation data in the projector, some protection policy is desired to prevent the stored data from being displayed by any third entity.
The projector for projecting and displaying images is capable of large screen display and is thus widely used in lectures, meetings, and school lessons. The projector is generally combined with a computer, which functions as an image supply apparatus to the projector and also as a control apparatus for controlling the working state of the projector, to constitute a display system. The computer as the control apparatus is conventionally connected with the projector via an interface like RS-232C and carries out various control operations to control the projector.
The user's control of the working state of the projector is implemented by execution of a specific software program by the computer. Otherwise the working state of the projector may be controlled with a remote control attached to the projector.
When there is a requirement to change the working state of the projector in the middle of a meeting, for example, an operator who operates the control apparatus generally carries out the change. When one of multiple participants, for example, in the meeting desires to change the working state of the projector, the participant should request the operator to change the working state of the projector.
In the case of changing the working state of the projector according to this procedure, there is a possibility that the request of change is not smoothly transferred from the participant to the operator. If the participant desires to directly operate the control apparatus, the participant should move to the position where the control apparatus is located. Because of these factors, the display system utilizing the prior art projector has poor operatability.
The user operates a remote control RM and causes a projector PJZ to carry out diverse processing as shown in FIG. 30. The projector PJZ projects and displays an image on a screen SC, in response to an analog video signal AV1 supplied from an image supply apparatus 1900. The user operates, for example, the remote control RM to superimpose an ornamental image like a pointer image PPJ on an original image ORG projected and displayed on the screen SC. Such superimposition of the ornamental image on the original image ORG enhances the effects of the presentation.
There are, however, difficulties in causing the projector PJZ to execute the processing with regard to the contents of the projected and displayed image through the operation of the remote control RM. This is ascribed to the rather poor operatability of the remote control RM. In the case of sequential presentations by a plurality of people with one projector, it is required to successively transfer the remote control RM among the respective presenters. This prevents smooth progress of the sequential presentations.

Projector, projection display system, and corresponding method and recording medium


A box includes three or more plates each having one or more corner areas formed by two edges, and includes one or more couplers each having three pairs of latches, and includes three or more frames each having two pairs of panels for forming two grooves and for receiving the edges of the plates and for receiving the pairs of latches of the coupler. A securing device may secure the frames to the coupler for securing the plates together without additional tools and fasteners. Three or four frames may be secured to the couplers for securing two or more boxes together.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a box, and more particularly to a corner assembly for assembling the corner of the box.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Typical casings or boxes comprise a six surfaces and eight corners. The surfaces are secured together at the corners with fasteners or adhesive materials and thus the boxes may not be easily assembled. Additional tools or fasteners are required for assembling the boxes.
The present invention has arisen to mitigate and/or obviate the afore-described disadvantages of the conventional boxes.


A magneto-optical recording medium has a substrate and a magneto-optical recording film. The substrate is formed from material having light transmittivity. On one surface of the substrate there is provided a magneto-optical recording film. In said one surface of the substrate where the magneto-optical recording film is provided, when a wavelength of a light beam, irradiated on the magneto-optical recording medium, is .lambda., there are formed grooves having an optical depth where its lower limit is .lambda./8 and its upper limit is .lambda./4 or less. The magneto-optical recording film is formed so that the Kerr ellipticity thereof becomes 0.degree.. A head unit for the magneto-optical recording medium has an optical-axis device for compensating the Kerr ellipticity of the magneto-optical recording medium, the optical-axis device being disposed in an optical path between an object lens for focusing a light beam emitted from a light source on the magneto-optical recording film and a polarization beam splitter.

In the magneto-optical disks as a magneto-optical recording medium, grooves for guiding a light beam irradiated to the magneto-optical disk have hitherto been formed concentrically or spirally. At the time of the recording or reproduction of the magneto-optical disk, the tracking control of the light beam irradiated to the magneto-optical disk is performed based on the reflected light from the grooves of the light beam which was irradiated on the magneto-optical disk. As a consequence, in the magneto-optical disk, data is recorded on an area (hereinafter referred to as a land) between grooves at the time of the recording, and data recorded on the land is read out at the time of the reproduction.
Incidentally, in an magneto-optical disk such as this, with the object of enhancing the recording density there has been proposed a magneto-optical disk where signals are recorded on both a groove and a land and thereby a wide recording area is assured. When a magneto-optical disk such as this is reproduced, however, cross talk from nearby grooves or lands becomes a problem.
As a method of reducing this cross talk, there has been proposed an optical method and a signal processing method. In the optical method, three light spots are irradiated on the magneto-optical disk, and when the signal on the groove (or land) is reproduced with the central light spot, the signal on the land (or groove) is reproduced with the light spots before and after, thereby eliminating the cross talk caused by the signal component of the land (or groove) included in the reproduced signal. On the other hand, in the signal processing method, the cross talk included in the reproduced signal can be eliminated by improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SN ratio) of the reproduced signal with Viterbi decoding.
However, in the aforementioned optical method, since three spots are irradiated on the magneto-optical disk and the signals on adjacent lands or grooves are reproduced, there is the problem that the pick-up structure becomes complicated and is increased in size. Also, the signal processing method has disadvantages in that the circuit structure becomes complicated. Thus, either case has still been unsatisfactory from practical use as a solution of eliminating the cross talk.

Magneto-optical head unit capable of compensating the Kerr ellipticity


Load securing device with at least one prestressable lashing device, wherein the loading good has a guide that is effective as a belt bearing surface and wherein the lashing device that rests against the belt bearing surface while it is lashed down secures the loading good by using a combination of retaining and diagonal lashing.

The invention at hand relates to a device for securing a load with at least one lashing means that can be prestressed. The device in particular serves to secure heavy and solid loading goods, for example building panels, sheet-metal bundles or sheet-metal coils. Such heavy and solid loading goods have a high dead weight. Owing to the high dead weight, only a relatively low volume of these loading goods can be transported on the loading surface of a transport vehicle, e.g. a truck or railway freight car. As a result of the low volume, these loading goods have a low height on the loading surface.
It is known to secure loading goods against slippage on the loading surface with the aid of the so-called "lashing-down" technique. During the lashing-down, the load is secured by applying a vertical force to the load that essentially runs perpendicular to the loading surface. The lashing belt here is stretched from one end of the loading surface to the other end and thus spans the loading surface. The loading good is inserted in a vertical direction between the loading surface and the lashing belt. The lashing belt can be prestressed with the aid of a tensioning means, e.g. a tensioning ratchet or a tensioning winch. As a result of the prestressing, one flat side of the lashing belt pushes against the loading good and in this way projects a vertical lashing down force onto the loading good.
When lashing down the above-mentioned heavy, solid loading goods that are stacked low, the distance between the loading surface and the belt surface that fits flat against the surface of the good is very small. The lashing belt in the tensioned condition thus approaches the loading surface in an asymptotic way, which causes the lashing-down force that is effective in the vertical direction to drop disproportionally. In that case, the lashing-down force effective in the vertical direction is no longer sufficient to secure the load, that is, it won't absorb the acceleration or deceleration forces that essentially act upon the loading goods in the horizontal direction.
An operationally reliable securing of heavy loading goods, which are also stacked low, by lashing them down could thus only be achieved by using a plurality of lashing belts to hold down the loading good. The number of lashing belts is limited, however, because of the limited volume. In addition, applying several lashing belts is very time-consuming, so that as a rule no hauler is willing to accept this additional expenditure in time. As another solution to this problem, it would be conceivable to mount load-securing elements on the loading surface, e.g. wedges and planks. Such form-fitting load-securing elements would be suitable for absorbing a portion of the forces that are generated in the horizontal direction and occur during the acceleration and deceleration. However, corresponding mounting aids would have to be provided for on the loading surfaces, which would make the securing of the load considerably more expensive. In addition, the time expenditure required for installing this load securing device as compared to a standard lashing-down would be so high that, again, there is no inclination on the part of the haulers to invest in this higher expenditure in time and installation.
All previously mentioned problems are made worse in that the aforementioned loading goods as a rule do not have fixed lashing points, such as arresting parts, which generally makes it more difficult to attach a lashing means.


When a plurality of applications operating in a host computer or a storage system uses a same pool, actual data constantly allocated to an upper tier drive satisfying the required response performance will continue to increase. Therefore, when data is migrated by IOPS in page units, the access performance such as the response speed may not be satisfied. Therefore, according to the present invention, multiple virtual volumes used in applications are subjected to grouping. Relocation conditions corresponding to performances required for each group are set in advance, and reallocation of tiers according to the relocation conditions is performed.

In order to cope with recent economic statuses and rapidly increasing data quantity, the demands of users are soaring to suppress the investment costs of IT devices and optimize the cost-effectiveness. In order to respond to such demands, a capacity virtualizing function in storage systems called thin provisioning or dynamic provisioning (hereinafter referred to as DP function) is provided.
The DP function allocates a storage area (pool page) of given storage units to the virtual volume that the host computer uses when a write request is output from a host computer to a storage system.
Recently, a dynamic relocation function called dynamic tiering (hereinafter referred to as DT function) taught in patent literature 1 having further advanced the capacity virtualizing function has been proposed.
According to the DT function, a pool is composed by combining a plurality of storage drives having different cost performances and different bit costs (SSD (Solid State Drive), SAS (Serial Attached SCSI), SATA (Serial ATA) etc.), and virtual volumes are composed from the pools having been divided into tiers.
Then, the access frequency (I/O count) is measured per page unit as described, wherein the pages having high access frequencies are migrated to high speed upper tier drives such as SSDs and pages having low access frequencies are migrated to slow lower tier drives such as SATAs, in order to automatically optimize the load caused by the various access frequencies of respective drives.

Storage system coupled to a host computer and a management device


A method for determining core positions of an optical element array is provided, including the steps of causing white light to be incident on a first end face of an optical element of an optical element array including at least one optical element that is aligned and secured on a substrate, imaging light passing through the at least one optical element which is emitted from an opposed second end face of the at least one optical element using imaging means, and determining a core position of the at least one optical element based on a resulting image. The emitted light is imaged by the imaging means at an imaging distance where a diameter of the emitted light in the resulting image is as small as possible.

The present invention relates to a method for determining core positions of an optical element array and an apparatus for determining core positions thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for determining core positions of an optical element array and an apparatus for determining core positions thereof capable of conveniently determining core positions of optical elements (optical fibers, lenses, and the like) on a substrate with high accuracy.
In recent years, accompanied by an increase in the capacity of data communications, there has been an increased demand for optical cross-connect switch technology excelling in processing capability for a large capacity of data communications. As one type of such technology, an optical switch manufactured using a MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system), which is a technology used for micromachining in which fine processing is performed by a semiconductor process such as silicon etching, has been used. A surface-emiffing laser, which enables high-definition and stable communications, has also been used, accompanied by an increased demand for securing reliability in addition to the demand for processing capability.
An optical element array, (examples of which include an optical fiber array, a lens array, a waveguide array (planar lightwave circuit: PLC), a semiconductor laser (LD) array, and a photodiode (PD) array) is used for the optical switch and the surface-emiffing laser. It is necessary to determine the core positions of the optical fiber array with high accuracy from the viewpoint of decreasing light loss due to the connection and stability of the connection section. To deal with this demand, various methods for determining core positions of an optical element array, and apparatus for determining core positions thereof utilizing these methods have been used.
For example, in a method for determining core positions of an optical fiber array using a conventional apparatus for determining core positions of an optical fiber array, white light or the like applied from a light source installed on the back of a stage is caused to be incident on one end face of the optical fiber of the optical fiber array installed on the stage, and the light, which is allowed to pass through the core and is emitted from the other end face of the optical fiber, is imaged by using imaging means such as a CCD camera. The core position of the optical fiber array is determined by analyzing the resulting image using a specific analysist method.
However, in the conventional method for determining core positions, when the end face of the optical fiber array facing the imaging means is not horizontal to the imaging direction, the light emitted from the end face of the optical fiber array may be refracted due to the shape (angle-cut shape) of the end face, and the optical axis may deviate from the optical axis of the CCD camera, or the optical fiber array may be installed in the stage in a state in which the optical axis of the end face of the optical fiber array deviates from the optical axis of the CCD camera. This gives rise to problems in which the center position of the core displayed in the image varies depending on the imaging position (focus) of the imaging means such as the CCD camera from the end face of an optical fiber array 60, as shown in FIGS. 10(a) and (b).
If the imaging position (focus) of the imaging means such as the CCD camera varies between each determination of the core position, a determination error may occur when repeatedly determining the same core. Generally, the relative positional relation between each core is important for accuracy of the core positions of the optical fiber array. If the distance between the imaging position and the end face of the optical fiber array is equal, since each core to be imaged is merely shifted to either left or right at an equal distance, a change in the relative positional relation between the core positions does not occur, even if the optical axis of the light emitted from the end face of the optical fiber array deviates from the optical axis of the CCD camera. Therefore, the above problem occurs in the case where the imaging position (focus) of the imaging means varies between imaging of each core, and each core in the resulting image is shifted to the right or left, whereby the relative positional relation between each core differs each time the core position is determined. If the core position is determined under such conditions, the core position cannot be determined with high accuracy.
In the conventional method for determining core positions, when image processing the core of the optical fiber array by using the CCD camera or the like, the position of the core displayed on the display screen may vary during the determination of the core position of a multi-core array due to the pitch accuracy of the optical fiber array, the moving accuracy of the stage, and the like, even if imaging is started in a state in which the core is displayed at the center of the display screen which displays the image taken by the imaging means.
If the position of the core displayed on the display screen differs between each imaging, the core is imaged using different areas of the lens such as that of the CCD camera which images the core. This results in problems in which an image taken using the center of the lens may differ from an image taken using the edge of the lens due to aberration of the lens, or the shapes of the imaged cores may vary since the pixel distribution of the CCD camera or the like is changed each time the core is imaged, whereby the position of the core cannot be determined with accuracy.
In the conventional method for determining core positions, in the case where the optical fiber array is installed in a stage 64 in a tilted state as shown in FIG. 11, a distance A (hereinafter may be called "determination x") projected on a horizontal plane (xz plane) between two points of the adjacent optical fibers of the optical fiber array 60 which intersect a plane perpendicular to the imaging direction (z direction) is determined in the determination by image processing using the CCD camera or the like. However, the determination x differs from a distance B (hereinafter may be called "true value x") projected on the horizontal plane (xz plane) between two points of the optical fibers 62 which intersect a plane perpendicular to the central axes of the optical fibers in the horizontal plane (xz plane), which is originally required for the determination of the core positions of the optical fiber array 60. Therefore, the loss of light due to the connection may occur or the connection section may become unstable if the core positions are calculated using the determination x.
In particular, in the case where the optical fiber array 60 is manufactured by obliquely cuffing the end face in advance, if the optical fiber array 60 is installed on the stage 64 of the apparatus for determining core positions so that the axis of the light emitted from the end face is parallel to the imaging axis, an angle C (hereinafter may be called "array θx") formed by the plane perpendicular to the center axes of the optical fibers 62 and the side of the optical fiber array 60 from which the light is emitted is increased on the horizontal plane (xz plane). If the core position is imaged in this state, since the difference D (hereinafter may be called "determination z") in the distance between the imaging means 61 and the end faces of each optical fiber 62 from which the light is emitted is increased in the imaging direction (z direction), the distance at which the stage is driven in the z direction during imaging is inevitably increased. Since an error in the distance accompanied by driving the stage is increased as the drive distance is increased, a large error may occur when calculating the core position by correcting the array θx.
In the conventional method for determining core positions, a distance (hereinafter may be called "determination y") projected on a vertical plane (yz plane) between two points of the adjacent optical fibers of the optical fiber array which intersect a plane perpendicular to the imaging direction (z direction) differs from a distance (hereinafter may be called "true value y") projected on the vertical plane (yz plane) between two points of the adjacent optical fibers which intersect the plane perpendicular to the center axes of the optical fibers, which is originally required for the determination of the core positions of the optical fiber array. Therefore, the loss of light due to the connection may occur or the connection section may become unstable if the core positions are calculated by using the determination y. The core position is imaged by disposing an angle spacer having a specific correction tilt angle (hereinafter may be called "jig θy") on the stage depending on a tilt angle (hereinafter may be called "array θy") on the vertical plane (yz plane) formed by the plane perpendicular to the center axes of the optical fibers and the side of the optical fiber array from which the light is emitted. However, since the resulting determined value may differ from the true value y, this is insufficient for the determination of the core positions for which high accuracy is necessary.

Method for determining core positions of optical element array and an apparatus for determining core positions thereof


An external drum plotter including a generally cylindrical drum having a longitudinal axis of symmetry and a cylindrical support surface disposed about the longitudinal axis, for supporting thereon in generally cylindrical configuration, recording material to be written upon, apparatus for rotating the drum about the longitudinal axis, longitudinal track apparatus arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis; mounting apparatus arranged for longitudinal riding movement on the track apparatus and parallel to the longitudinal axis and a multiplicity of laser diode writing assemblies mounted on the track apparatus and arranged for writing engagement with the recording material while the recording material rotates and the mounting apparatus moves longitudinally parallel to the longitudinal axis.

There exist a wide variety of drum plotters, including generally speaking drum plotters wherein the source of writing energy is internal to or external of recording material to be written upon, which is maintained in a generally cylindrical configuration, during writing.
In recent years direct write recording materials have been developed for use in plotters. These materials are distinguished from conventional recording materials in that they do not require photographic development. These materials do have the disadvantage that they require relatively high input energy levels for writing thereupon.
The disclosures of the following prior art patents are hereby incorporated by reference.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,211,838 describes a method of high sensitivity imaging and imaging film therefor. Reference is made particularly to the patents and patent applications mentioned at column 1, lines 1-30.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,743,091 describes a two-dimensional laser diode array in which the laser diodes are arranged in a staggered pattern.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,978,974 describes an image recorder with a linear laser diode array which is mounted to project the output of the diodes onto a thermally activated photosensitive material.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,520,472 describes beam expansion and relay optics for a laser diode array.


A color conversion substrate that can improve light use efficiency is provided. A color conversion substrate includes a transparent substrate having a main surface, a plurality of phosphor patterns arranged on the main surface and each of the phosphor patterns having side faces, and a reflective film that reflects light and is formed on at least the side faces of the phosphor patterns. An air layer is defined between the main surface and the phosphor patterns.

It has conventionally been proposed for one type of display device to have a backlight that emits blue light, a liquid crystal panel, and a phosphor substrate. This phosphor substrate has phosphors that absorb blue light and emit red light and phosphors that absorb blue light and emit green light. Blue light is displayed by passing through a blue color filter, but the light source is originally blue, and thus there is almost no light loss due to the blue color filter. Therefore, the light loss due to absorption by the color filter is eliminated and light use efficiency is improved.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2010-66437 (Patent Document 1) discloses a configuration in which a reflective plate is provided on side faces of phosphors disposed on a front plate in a liquid crystal display device in order to improve efficiency by retrieving light from the phosphors. The configuration described in Patent Document 1 is shown in FIG. 32. A red phosphor pattern 3r, a green phosphor pattern 3g, and a diffusion layer 3b are formed on one surface of a transparent substrate 1. A light shutter 42 is disposed so as to overlap this surface.

Color conversion substrate, method for manufacturing same, and display device


Techniques for connecting computing devices to a network are described. For example, a computer system receives, from a second device that is associated with an account and connected to a data network, first data indicating an identifier of a first device. The computer system determines that the identifier is unassociated with accounts that include the account. The computer system determines second data associated with the identifier, access to the account, or a device setup request. The computer system determines that the first device is to be associated with the account. The computer system sends, to a third device, third data that causes the third device to output a confirmation request about setting up the first device and receives, from the third device, fourth data indicating a response to the confirmation request. The computer system associates the first device with the account based on the fourth data.

Most computing devices, such as consumer electronics, support wireless connectivity. Typically, a computing device connects to a wireless access point that provides access to a data network. In many cases, functionalities of the device through the data network become available only after the device is registered with a user account and is connected to the data network. Typically, the registration and connection process involves many user input steps to identify the device, the user account, and the data network.

Associating device with user account and establishing connection to a data network


System and method for forming a structure including a MEMS device structure. In order to prevent warpage of a substrate arising from curing process for a sacrificial material (such as a photoresist), and from subsequent high temperature process steps, an improved sacrificial material comprises (i) a polymer and (ii) a foaming agent or special function group. The structure can be formed by forming a trench in a substrate and filling the trench with a sacrificial material. The sacrificial material includes (i) a polymer and (ii) a foaming agent or special function group. After further process steps are completed, the sacrificial material is removed from the trench.

MEMS devices are becoming increasingly prevalent as new and additional applications are developed employing MEMS technology. In many applications, it is important that the manufacturing processes for forming the MEMS structure be compatible with integrated circuit manufacturing processes, particularly CMOS manufacturing processes. This is particularly so as, in many applications, MEMS devices are formed simultaneously with formation of CMOS devices, or at least formed on the substrate as CMOS devices.
Frequently, it is desirable to form deep trenches within the substrate on and in which a MEMS device is formed for various applications. One such application, for instance, is an ink head printer device in which ink flows through openings formed through the substrate.
FIG. 1a illustrates a conventional ink head MEMS device 1 at an intermediate stage of manufacture. As shown, substrate 2 has formed therein deep openings or trenches 4 which allow for the passage of fluids such as printing ink. In the stage of manufacture illustrated in FIG. 1, openings 4 are blind, meaning they do not open fully through substrate 2. At a later stage of manufacture, the back side of substrate 2 will be removed, e.g., through grinding, etch-back, or like process, to the level of openings 4. Conventionally, openings 4 are filled with a sacrificial material, typically a polymer such as a conventional photoresist during subsequent manufacturing process steps.
Formed at a top surface and a top substrate 2 are various elements and features of conventional CMOS devices, including doped regions within substrate 2, polysilicon gate lines, inter-layer dielectric (ILD) layers, inter-metal dielectric (IMD) layers, conductive interconnects, passivation layers, and the like as are well known in the art of CMOS processes. As the details of the CMOS devices are not necessary to understand the described embodiments, these elements and features are collectively illustrated as CMOS device layer 6. Openings 4 extend through CMOS device layer 6 as well.
Formed a top CMOS device layer 6 is a MEMS device layer 8, both of which are shown exaggerated in the illustration of FIG. 1a. MEMS device layer 8 could include a reservoir 9, which is in communication with openings 4.
Openings 4 communicate with reservoir 9 formed a top substrate 2, as is known in the art. Conventionally, openings 4 are filled with a sacrificial material, such as photoresist material or other polymer, in order to protect openings 4 during subsequent manufacturing steps. Photoresist material such as Novalic Resin, PMMA (poly-methylmethacrylate), PBS (poly-butene-1 sulfone), poly-vinylcinnamate, polysilane, an acrylic resin, Epoxy, a precursor of polyimide, and the like are commonly used in CMOS manufacturing processes and their properties and characteristics are well understood.
Typically, photoresist material is applied to the device and allowed to fill openings 4. Once the openings are filled, the photoresist material is cured. Curing changes the material properties of photoresist material and hardens the material making it effective for protecting openings 4 during subsequent processing steps. After subsequent processing steps, photoresist material can be readily removed using, for instance, oxygen plasma, ashing, or other well known techniques.
A disadvantage of the prior art is that photoresist material shrinks during the curing process. This shrinking places significant stress on surrounding substrate 2 and can cause substrate 2 to warp, as illustrated in exaggerated form in FIG. 1b. The warpage of substrate 2 complicates subsequent steps that require a planar surface, such as photolithography steps, and can significantly impede the performance or yield of the resulting device(s). The warpage illustrated in FIG. 1b is further exacerbated by the high temperature process steps, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and sputter processes which occur in the manufacture of MEMS device layer 8. These high temperature process steps impact significant thermal energy unto substrate 2, which further contributes to the problems associated with warpage.
What is needed, then, is a manufacturing process that eliminates or reduces the warpage associated with conventional manufacturing processes.

Low stress photo-sensitive resin with sponge-like structure and devices manufactured employing same

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.


Embodiments of the present disclosure describe techniques and configurations for managing communications in a radio access network. An apparatus may include computer-readable media having instructions and one or more processors coupled with the computer-readable media and configured to execute the instructions to measure flow context information based on data extracted from an internet protocol (IP) data flow between a user equipment (UE) and a network entity, and provide the measured flow context information to the UE to facilitate management of one or more IP data flows by the UE. The management of the IP data flow may include selecting a radio access network from one or more radio access networks available for communicating the IP data flow between the UE and the network entity, based at least in part on the provided flow context information. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Interactions between wireless devices and wireless communication networks in which the devices operate may be conducted via different radio access networks. Today's mobile client wireless devices such as laptops, smartphones, ultrabooks, tablet computers and the like may be equipped with components (e.g., Wi-Fi and cellular radios) configured to provide the wireless device with access to different radio access networks (e.g., wireless networks such as Wi-Fi and cellular network) simultaneously. However, it may be challenging to efficiently integrate multiple radio access networks, e.g., Wi-Fi and cellular networks, and provide end users sufficient bandwidth for communications via the radio access networks.

Managing communications in multiple radio access networks


A transient signal suppressor (10) for use in a controls system which is adapted to respond to a change in a physical parameter whenever it crosses a predetermined threshold value in a selected direction of increasing or decreasing values with respect to the threshold value and is sustained for a selected discrete time interval. The suppressor (10) includes a sensor transducer (12) for sensing the physical parameter and generating an electrical input signal whenever the sensed physical parameter crosses the threshold level in the selected direction. A manually operated switch (30A, 30B) is provided for adapting the suppressor to produce an output drive signal whenever the physical parameter crosses the threshold value in the selected direction of increasing or decreasing values. A time delay circuit (40,42) is selectively adjustable for suppressing the transducer input signal for a preselected one of a plurality of available discrete suppression time and producing an output signal only if the input signal is sustained for a time greater than the selected suppression time. An electronic gate (25) is coupled to receive the transducer input signal and the timer output signal and produce an output drive signal for energizing a control relay (33) when transducer input is a non-transient signal which is sustained beyond the selected time interval.

In many hydraulic systems such as are used in process control applications and in various test operations, it becomes necessary to sense when a predetermined fluid pressure is reached in the system in order that the system may respond thereto. Typically, a mechanical pressure switch is incorporated in the system to sense when the predetermined pressure is reached and to give an indication signal thereof. In high pressure hydraulic systems, a transient pressure spike may occur as the result of the abrupt closing of a system valve. This phenomenon, commonly known as "water hammer", can momentarily actuate the mechanical pressure switch. Similar transients might result from severe system vibration impulses. Since such transients are not the true static operating pressure of the system, it is oftentimes desirable to suppress actuations of the pressure switch or in the associated indication signals caused by "water hammer" transients or transient vibration impulses.
In the prior art control systems, suppression of transient pressure spikes is usually accomplished by mechanical damping in the pressure switch sensor cavity or in the associated transmission system for the control signal. For example,
U.S. Pat. No. 3,578,007 discloses a mechanical surge signal suppression system for use in vehicle transmission systems which employ a centrifugal hydraulic governor. A governor cutoff valve system is used to block transient pressure oscillations during shifting.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,310,841 discloses apparatus for improving the dynamic response of a servo positioning system wherein an electrical input signal which measures pressure or other physical condition is compared to a threshold signal in a manner which delays response and maintains signal level for periods of time without drift. Input level is translated to positioning of a movable vane which is frictionally restricted in movement.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,631,514 discloses a brake control system for preventing jerking reaction by a mechanism which compares actual braking action with a desired braking action to generate a difference signal which, if persistent for a prescribed period, is accepted to operate a secondary brake system.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,703,693 discloses an analog to digital signal processing system for detecting the initial touch of a tool to a workpiece. The delay to a tool touch decision is reduced while avoiding vibration noise spikes by a mechanism with an up/down counter for monitoring signal levels above and below a threshold level and generating a touch alarm when the count exceeds a threshold number.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,084,696 discloses an analog system for dynamically adjusting the threshold of an infra red signal detection comparator in an alarm security system.
In the foregoing prior art systems, it is difficult to adjust with accuracy to a predetermined damping time. Furthermore, the damping times are fixed for a change of the measurand in only one direction, i.e., either an increasing or decreasing measurand.

The United States of America as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration


For enabling to deal with various kinds of events, but without knowing the meaning of the event issued by network equipments, an event notifying equipment notifies URL for an event receiving equipment to access a HTML file corresponding to the event, in the form of an event parameter, thereby providing a HTML file for indicating a reason of generating the event and a HTML file for prompting a process corresponding to the event, in response to a request from a Web browser. An event receiving apparatus is able to execute the event process only by accessing to the URL included in the event parameter.

The present invention relates to a network apparatus and an event processing method, in particular, enabling to notify and/or receive an event through a network.
Upon an appearance of a digital television, installing the Web browser therein, and also a recorder enabling to set a program recording with using the Web browser from a personal computer (PC), etc., on the market, advancement or improvement is achieved upon network-enabled audio/visual (AV) equipment. Also, UPnP Device Architecture is a regulation for providing devices, for example, for mutually finding out the equipments connected to the network, thereby operating, or an event notification of notifying conditional change(s), which is/are generated within the network equipments, on the network, and it is adopted into the AV equipments and printers; i.e., it becomes a kind of standard regulation in that industry (shown in the following Non-Patent Document 1).
[Non-Patent Document 1] UPnP Device Architecture

Event notifying arrangements showing reason of generation of event and/or prompting a process corresponding to the event


There are described imino derivatives of formula (I) EQU R.sup.1 --Y--A--B--D--E--F--G (I). their preparation and their use as medicaments. The compounds according to the invention may be used as vitronectin receptor antagonists and as inhibitors of bone resorption.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to compounds of the formula I and their physiologically tolerable salts and pharmaceutical preparations comprising such compounds, their preparation and use as medicaments, in particular as inhibitors of bone resorption by osteoclasts, as inhibitors of tumor growth and tumor metastasis, as antiinflammatories, for the treatment or prophylaxis of cardiovascular disorders such as arteriosclerosis or restenosis, for the treatment or prophylaxis of nephropathies and retinopathies, such as, for example, diabetic retinopathy, and as vitronectin receptor antagonists for the treatment and prophylaxis of illnesses which are based on the interaction between vitronectin receptors and their ligands in cell--cell or cell-matrix interaction processes. The invention furthermore relates to the use of the compounds of the formula I and their physiologically tolerable salts and pharmaceutical preparations comprising those compounds as medicaments for the alleviation or cure of illnesses which are caused at least partially by an undesired extent of bone resorption, angiogenesis, or proliferation of cells of the vascular smooth musculature.
2. Description of Related Art
Human bones undergo a continuous dynamic renovation process which involves bone resorption and bone formation. These processes are controlled by types of cell specialized for this. Bone formation is based on the deposition of bone matrix by osteoclasts, bone resorption is based on the degradation of bone matrix by osteoclasts. The majority of bone disorders are based on a disturbed equilibrium between bone formation and bone resorption. Osteoporosis is characterized by a loss of bone matrix. Activated osteoclasts are polynuclear cells having a diameter of up to 400 .mu.m, which remove bone matrix. Activated osteoclasts accumulate on the surface of the bone matrix and secrete proteolytic enzymes and acids into the so-called "sealing zone", the region between their cell membrane and the bone matrix. The acid environment and the proteases bring about the degradation of the bone.
Studies have shown that the accumulation of osteoclasts on the bone is controlled by integrin receptors on the cell surface of osteoclasts.
Integrins are a superfamily of receptors which include, inter alia, the fibrinogen receptor .alpha..sub.IIb .beta..sub.3 on the blood platelets and the vitronectin receptor .alpha..sub.v .beta..sub.3. The vitronectin receptor .alpha..sub.v .beta..sub.3 is a membrane glycoprotein which is expressed on the cell surface of a number of cells such as endothelial cells, cells of the vascular smooth musculature, osteoclasts and tumor cells. The vitronectin receptor .alpha..sub.v .beta..sub.3 which is expressed on the osteoclast membrane controls the process of accumulation on the bone and bone resorption and thus contributes to osteoporosis.
.alpha..sub.v .beta..sub.3 in this case binds to bone matrix proteins such as osteopontin, bone sialoprotein and thrombospontin, which contain the tripeptide motif Arg-Gly-Asp (or RGD).
Horton and co-workers describe RGD peptides and an anti-vitronectin receptor antibody (23C6), which inhibit tooth destruction by osteoclasts and the migration of osteoclasts (Horton et al., Exp. Cell. Res. 1991, 195, 368). In J. Cell Biol. 1990, 111, 1713, Sato et al. describe echistatin, an RGD peptide from snake venom, as a potent inhibitor of bone resorption in a tissue culture and as an inhibitor of osteoclast attachment to the bone. Fischer et al. (Endocrinology, 1993, 132, 1411) were able to show in the rat that echistatin also inhibits bone resorption in vivo.
The vitronectin receptor .alpha..sub.v .beta..sub.3 on human cells of the vascular smooth musculature of the aorta stimulates the migration of these cells into the neointima, which finally leads to arteriosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty (Brown et al., Cardiovascular Res. 1994, 28, 1815).
Brooks et al. (Cell 1994, 79, 1157) show that antibodies against .alpha..sub.v .beta..sub.3 or .alpha..sub.v .beta..sub.3 antagonists can bring about a shrinkage of tumors by inducing the apoptosis of blood vessel cells during angiogenesis. Chersh et al. (Science 1995, 270, 1500) describe anti-.alpha..sub.v .beta..sub.3 antibodies or .alpha..sub.v .beta..sub.3 antagonists which inhibit bFGF-induced angiogenesis processes in the rat eye, which could be useful therapeutically in the treatment of retinopathies.
The Patent Application WO 94/12181 describes substituted aromatic or nonaromatic ring systems and WO 94/08577 describes substituted heterocycles as fibrinogen receptor antagonists and inhibitors of platelet aggregation. EP-A-518 586 and EP-A-528 587 disclose aminoalkyl- or heterocyclyl-substituted phenylalanine derivatives, and WO 95/32710 discloses aryl derivatives as inhibitors of bone resorption by osteoclasts. WO 96/00574 describes benzodiazepines, and WO 96/00730 describes fibrinogen receptor antagonist templates, in particular benzodiazepines which are linked to a nitrogen-bearing 5-membered ring, as vitronectin receptor antagonists.

Imino compounds, process for their preparation and their use as victronectin antagonists


An ink-jet pen is disclosed that has a body of resilient felted polyurethane foam mounted in an ink chamber for ink retention and backpressure. A rectangular ink pipe extends from a bottom wall of the ink chamber between the walls of the ink chamber. A wire mesh filter is mounted to the ink pipe. The ink pipe and mesh filter extend into compressive contact with the foam to locally increase the capillarity of the foam. Any air that comes out of solution collects as a bubble in the rectangular ink pipe. This bubble does not block ink flow to the printhead, however, because the corners of the rectangular ink pipe provide a fluid capillary path. The bubble tends to form in a spheroid shape and does not extend into the corners of the ink pipe. In addition, rectangular filters are used, which reduces waste and expense compared to circular filters.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to an ink-jet pen that has a rectangular ink pipe and mesh filter that extend into compressive contact with a body of resilient synthetic foam. The corners of the ink pipe provide a capillary fluid path for ink past air bubbles that may form in the ink pipe.
2. Description of the Related Art
Many ink-jet printers employ disposable print cartridges or "pens." Ink jet pens have a printhead and a connected ink chamber filled with a supply of ink. The printhead is a sophisticated micromechanical part that contains an array of either thermal resistors or piezoelectric transducers that are energized to eject small droplets of ink out of an array of miniature nozzles.
The ink in the pen must be held in the ink chamber at less than atmospheric pressure so that it does not drool out of the nozzles. However, this negative relative pressure, or backpressure, must not be so great that air is gulped from outside of the printhead through the nozzles and into the interior of the firing chambers. If air gets into the printhead ink channels or firing chambers they "deprime" and no longer function.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,771,295 (Baker et al.), which is assigned to Hewlett-Packard Company (HP), the assignee of the present invention, discloses an ink-jet pen that uses synthetic foam for ink retention and backpressure. Ink is held in the foam at the appropriate backpressure by capillary action. A key feature of the pen disclosed in Baker '295 is a circular ink pipe that extends upward from a bottom wall of the pen body and into compressive contact with the foam. The ink pipe is the fluid conduit for the ink from the foam to the printhead. A wire screen or filter is mounted to the top of the ink pipe. The ink pipe and screen locally compresses the foam to thereby increase its capillarity in the region of the ink pipe. As ink is depleted from the foam, the increased capillarity near the ink pipe tends to draw ink from all other portions of the foam toward the ink pipe, so that the maximum amount of ink can be drawn from the foam for printing.
It is important in such foam-based pens to keep the ink pipe in secure sealing contact with the foam. Ink is held in the ink pipe at less than atmospheric pressure. The opening of the ink pipe that is in contact with the foam functions in conjunction with the ink to provide a gasket-like seal. If this seal is broken and an air path forms from the ambient air into the interior of the ink pipe, the ink pipe will ingest air and the backpressure will be lost, resulting in a catastrophic deprime of the pen. The opening of the ink pipe of previous-generation foam-based pens of the assignee have had circular cross sections. A circular opening provides a smooth and uniform sealing surface and a uniform compression with the foam around its perimeter.
A certain amount of air is dissolved in the liquid ink, which is typically water based. Some amount of this air will leave solution and will collect as bubbles, particularly if the temperature of the ink is increased. Air in the main ink chamber that comes out of solution is either trapped in the foam or escapes to the outside of the pen. In either case, no damage is done. However, if air in the ink pipe comes out of solution, it will be trapped in the ink pipe. Once the filter is wet, its bubble pressure precludes ink from passing from the ink pipe into the main ink chamber. And because the ink pipe is typically close to the printhead, the ink in the ink pipe has a tendency to heat up slightly during printing, causing dissolved air to leave solution. Over time, since the ink in the ink pipe in being replaced by ink from the foam, a continuing amount of air that leaves the ink solution will accumulate as a bubble in the ink pipe. In addition, a certain amount of air may be gulped into the ink pipe from the printhead.
Air bubbles tend to form a generally spherical shape. Since the ink pipe in HP's previous-generation foam-based pens are circular, if the bubble gets large enough, it can extend across the entire ink pipe and can block fluid flow, somewhat like a check ball. This is particularly a problem in pens that are used in the printer with the ink pipe oriented vertically, since the bubble naturally rises and will accumulated at the top of the ink pipe and extending completely across the ink pipe. This bubble can therefore preclude ink from entering the ink pipe. If this happens, the printhead will be starved of ink and the nozzles will deprime.
With circular cross-section ink pipes, an approach of solving the bubble occlusion problem is to form narrow capillary grooves along the longitudinal axis of the ink pipe. However, forming such grooves is difficult and adds risk to the molding process, because such small grooves are areas where molding parts can stick and cause problems, including damage to the molded part.
In addition, circular mesh filters inherently produce waste of the filter material. These filters are formed of sheets of stainless steel mesh, which is relatively expensive. The circular pieces must be discarded. It would be preferable to provide a filter that did not result in such waste of filter materials.
Thus, there remains a need for an ink-jet pen having an ink pipe that forms a positive seal with the foam and yet which does not allow for accumulated air bubbles to form occlude the ink pipe and therefore preclude ink flow. Preferably this pen would also would be easily moldable and avoid the waste of materials inherent with circular filters.


Disclosed is a jointed body wherein multiple base members are jointed to each other through a jointing layer, and at least one of the base members is a base member of a ceramic material, semiconductor or glass. The joint material layer contains a metal and an oxide. The oxide contains V and Te, and is present between the metal and the base members. Disclosed is also a joint material in the form of a paste containing an oxide glass containing V and Te, metal particles, and a solvent; in the form of a foil piece or plate in which particles of an oxide glass containing V and Te are embedded; or in the form of a foil piece or plate containing a layer of an oxide glass containing V and Te, and a layer of a metal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a joint material applicable to a jointed body in which a base member of, for example, a ceramic material, a semiconductor or a glass is jointed to another base member.
2. Description of the Related Art
An electrical or electronic component, an LED illuminator or a semiconductor module has a spot where a base member such as a ceramic member, a glass piece, a metal member or a semiconductor chip is jointed to another base member. This jointed spot may have a function as a thermal flow path or current path. At such a jointed spot, base members as described above are usually jointed to each other through a solder or brazing filler metal.
JP 04-270140 A discloses that about a silver-glass paste for jointing a semiconductor device to a ceramic base member, the firing temperature thereof is from 300 to 420° C. A basic composition of the glass is a composition composed of lead oxide and vanadium oxide.
When a solder is used to joint a base member of a ceramic material, a semiconductor, a glass or some other, metalization is required to make the entire process complicated and further a liquid waste disposal treatment is also required. About a brazing filler metal containing an active metal such as Ti (titanium) or Al (aluminum), a joint of a ceramic member can be attained without conducting any metalization. However, a treatment at a high temperature of 800° C. is required. For this reason, a technique is desired which makes it possible to joint a base member of a ceramic material, a semiconductor, a glass or some other at a low temperature of about 300° C. without conducting any metalization.


The present disclosure provides antibodies and fragments thereof having specificity to a human T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) protein. Methods of using the antibodies or fragments thereof for treating and diagnosing diseases such as cancer and viral infections are also provided.

TIGIT (also called T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains) is an immune receptor expressed on certain T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells. Research has shown that TIGIT-Fc fusion protein could interact with PVR on dendritic cells and increase its IL-10 secretion level and decrease its IL-12 secretion level under LPS stimulation, and also inhibit T cell activation in vivo. TIGIT's inhibition of NK cytotoxicity can be blocked by antibodies against its interaction with PVR and the activity is directed through its ITIM domain.
TIGIT is expressed by activated cytotoxic T cells and regulatory T cells and has also been shown to be unregulated on T cells in multiple cancer models. The ligands CD155 and CD112 are found on dendritic cells and macrophages and are also highly expressed in several types of cancer. Additionally, TIGIT expression is highly correlated with the expression of other coinhibitory molecules, including PD-1. Overall, this suggests that tumors upregulate the TIGIT pathway along with other inhibitory checkpoint networks to promote immunosuppressive mechanisms.
Further, during Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, TIGIT expressing CD8+ T cells has been shown to be expanded and associated with clinical markers of HIV disease progression in a diverse group of HIV infected individuals. Elevated TIGIT levels remained sustained even among those with undetectable viral loads and a large fraction of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells simultaneously express both TIGIT and another negative checkpoint receptor, Programmed Death Protein 1 (PD-1) and retained several features of exhausted T cells. Blocking these pathways with targeted monoclonal antibodies synergistically rejuvenated HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses. This pathway can potentially be targeted to enhance killing of HIV infected cells during "Shock and Kill" HIV curative approaches.

Antibodies to T cell immunoreceptor with IG and ITIM domains (TIGIT) and uses thereof


Methods and apparatuses for securely configuring the identifier information of products. In one aspect, a method of manufacturing a product, includes: establishing a connection between a data processing system and the product while the product is being manufactured; verifying that an initial set of identifier information stored within the product is valid, where a set of identifier information is capable of being used to control distribution of media which is received by the product; providing, in response to validly verifying the initial set of identifier information, a new set of identifier information for storage in the product, where the providing is secured through the verifying of the initial set of identifier information.

Communication signals typically propagate from the source to the destination through one or more segments of transmission media. Some segments of the transmission media may not be physically secured against unauthorized access. To protect the content embedded in the transmitted signals against unauthorized access, many communication protocols, authentication and encryption/scrambling methods have been developed and used. Research and development in this field will further lead to better protocols and methods. It is understood that any of these protocols and methods can be used with the present invention.
A device is typically assigned a set of identifier information to facilitate authentication. The set of identifier information represents the device. The set of identifier information typically includes secret information, which can be used to prove the authenticity of its identity. When the secret information is revealed, other devices may be used to pretend to be this device. The authentication process ensures that the other party in the communication process is indeed the intended recipient.
Further, the set of identifier information may also include secret information for establishing a secured (encrypted/scrambled) communication channel for the protection of the transmitted content. The secret information for establishing a secured communication channel may be unique for each of the devices in the system, or be shared information. When such information is revealed, the security strength of the communication channel may degrade.
For example, a digital certificate based on public key cryptography can be used as a part of the identifier information. In public key cryptography, a pair of two complementary keys, a public key and a private key, are such that any information digitally signed using the private key can only be verified using the public key, and conversely, any information encrypted using the public key can only be decrypted using the private key. Typically, a trusted party called a certificate authority issues a digital certificate. The certificate confirms the authenticity of an identity with a digital signature of the certificate authority. The digital signature of the certificate is generated using the private key of the certificate authority. The certificate authority's public key can be used to verify the authenticity of the certificate. The information encrypted using the public key of the identity can only be decrypted using the private key of the identity. The private key associated with the identity is the secret information, which when compromised allows others in possession of the private key to decrypt the information intended for the identity. On the other hand, the private key of the identity can be used to sign information sent from the identity. The public key associated with the identity can be used to verify that the digitally signed information is from one in possession of the private key of the identity.
Diffie-Hellman is a public key agreement protocol based on the intractability of taking discrete logarithms over the integer field. The protocol uses two system parameters p and g, which are used by all the users of a system. Parameter p is a prime number; and parameter g is an integer less than p and is capable of generating a number from 1 to p−1 using a number n and the expression (gn mod p). To derive a shared secret key, two users first pick their own random private values a and b respectively. Then, the two users compute public values (ga mod p) and (gb mod p) respectively. After exchanging the public values, the two users compute a shared secret key (gab mod p) using the exchanged public values. The two users can then use the shared secret key to encrypt and decrypt messages.
Dynamic Feedback Arrangement Scrambling Technique (DFAST) is a technique for scrambling binary data. American National Standards Institute/Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers (ANSI/SCTE) 41 2003 requires the use of DFAST. Detailed aspects of DFAST may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,860,353.
Many communication protocols and data encryption/scrambling schemes have been developed based on known technologies, such as digital certificates and digital signatures, Diffie-Hellman and DFAST, to provide a desirable strength of security for communication over an insecure medium. For example, ANSI/SCTE 41 2003 standard makes use of the signature verification techniques, Diffie-Hellman and DFAST to provide a Point of Deployment (POD) copy protection system. According to the ANSI/SCTE 41 2003 standard, a Point of Deployment (POD) security module provides protections for valuable contents distributed through a digital cable system (e.g., the high value movies and video programs). When authorized, a POD module removes the scrambling that is added by the conditional access scrambling system. Before delivery of the content to a host (e.g., set-top terminals, or consumer receivers, such as a digital television set, or a personal video recorder (PVR)), the POD module may re-scramble the content, such as the movies and video programs. A POD copy protection system performs: 1) host authentication through the exchange of certificates and through the use of signature verification techniques; and 2) copy protection key derivation using a Diffie-Hellman shared secret key that is computed during the host verification process. The POD module uses the copy protection key to re-scramble the content before delivery with copy control information over a secure channel of communication to the receiver. Further details about the methods and schemes to protect contents over the insecure medium between the POD and the host can be found in ANSI/SCTE 41 2003, which is hereby incorporated here by reference.
A "Man in the Middle" attack may break the security provided by public key cryptography. In a "Man in the Middle" attack, an attacker intercepts the transmission of the public key of a victim and substitutes it with the public key of the attacker. Thus, a message intended for the victim becomes encrypted with the public key of the attacker. As the "Man in the Middle", the attacker decrypts the message using its own private key, re-encrypts it with the public key of the victim and relays the message to the victim. Thus, the attacker gains access to the message that is intended only for the victim. Communication protocols have been designed to resist "Man in the Middle" attacks. For example, ANSI/SCTE 41 2003 requires the verification of an authentication key to resist "Man in the Middle" attacks.
In general, a product may use a combination of a number of encryption/scrambling techniques and authentication techniques with a particular communication protocol to achieve a desired strength of protection against unauthorized access.

Methods and apparatuses for configuring products


A dispenser is described having a support for the container to be filled, a source of liquid and a switch controlling the flow of liquid into the container. The container is supported by a support which urges the container up or down. The switch is operated by the container such that when the container is empty it urges against a resilient mechanism which activates the switch. When the container is filled its weight overcomes the resilient mechanism.

In many industrial and semi-industrial situations, for example in large kitchens or in hotels, it is necessary to regularly fill small containers with a cleaning and sanitizing liquid from a constant supply or a bulk container of the liquid. Typically this is done by filling the small container from a manually operated tap. A disadvantage of this system is that care needs to be taken by the user to ensure that the container is filled to the correct level but not so much that the liquid overflows, creating a hazard in the working environment.
It is commonplace for supplies of different liquids to be provided at the same place. Where this happens, there is an obvious risk that the wrong liquid might be filled into the wrong container. Attempts have been made to overcome this problem by color coding the sources of liquid and the containers but this does not entirely eliminate the possibility of human error.
The present invention, in its different aspects, is aimed at overcoming or ameliorating one or both, of the above-described problems.


A method of forming a photonic device and resulting structure are described in which the photonic device is epitaxially grown over a substrate surface vertically, and laterally over trench isolation regions formed in the substrate surface.

Epitaxy refers to the deposition by growth of an overlayer on a crystalline substrate where the overlayer is in registration with the substrate. The substrate surface acts as a seed layer for the growth. Epitaxial materials may be grown from gaseous or liquid precursors. Because the substrate surface acts as a seed crystal, the epitaxial growth locks into one or more crystalline graphic orientations of the crystalline substrate. Epitaxial growth is widely used in the manufacture of integrated circuitry and may be fabricated on various types of crystalline—base materials, for example, semiconductor substrates, and of various epitaxial materials. As an example, an epitaxial silicon growth may be provided on a silicon substrate, such as bulk silicon substrates, and silicon on insulators (SOI) substrates. However, an epitaxial grown material tends to form crystalline defects, known as dislocations and stacking faults, during growth, at confined side edges of the grown material. These crystalline defects can result in undesired charge leakage within or between devices fabricated from the epitaxial material, or undesired electron-hole charge recombination sites which reduces device electrical efficiency. If the grown epitaxial material is used in forming an electro-optical photonic device, such as a photodetector, these defects may cause dark current and also reduce the efficiency of the photonic device.
One solution to the dislocation and stacking fault problem in epitaxially grown materials has been to use a particular crystal orientation of an underlying silicon layer on which the epitaxial layer is grown. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,906,830 describes an integrated structure in which a silicon substrate orientation is changed to "111" so that silicon crystal orientation along a confined sidewall is in the "100" direction. Although the wafer reorientation described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,906,830 can reduce dislocations and stacking faults, it is often undesirable to orient the wafer in this manner for other technical reasons, such as optimizing performance of fabricated transistors and other structures which may be formed on the substrate.
A method and resulting structure which provide an epitaxial growth of an electro-optical photonics device, such as a photodetector, with fewer dislocations and stacking faults and which does not require a particular crystal orientation of the substrate is desired.

Method providing an epitaxial photonic device having a reduction in defects and resulting structure


A package adapted to stage a performance by a toy figure resembling a known character. The package includes a carton whose a flat rear wall is joined to a semi-cylindrical front wall to define a cavity, the front wall having a bay window therein. Behind the rear wall and hinged thereto a flap that is normally folded over the rear wall and fastened thereto. When the flap is unfolded, it creates in combination with the rear wall a stage backdrop having printed thereon material relating to the character, such as dialog taken from movies involving the character. Received within the cavity is an insert on which is mounted the figure, as well as a miniature stage and stage props, all of which can be seen through the window. In play, the flap is unfolded to erect the stage backdrop, the stage is placed in front of the backdrop with the figure standing thereon and with the props adjacent thereto. By manipulating the figure relative to the props against the backdrop, a player can enact a scene involving the character.

1. Field of Invention
This invention relates generally to packages for toys and playthings, and more particularly to a package adapted to stage a performance of a toy figure which resembles a known character, the package containing the figure, as well as stage props and a miniature stage necessary to the performance.
2. Status of Prior Art
A character, in the sense this term is used in the field of toys and playthings, is a personality created by an actor in a motion picture, stage or television show. Thus Charlie Chaplin, the silent movie star is still remembered for the character he created in the movie "The Tramp." This classic character who swings a cane as he walks, wears a derby hat, baggy pants and oversize shoes. The characters created by the team of Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy, the movie comedians, are classics, as are those created by The Three Stooges and the Marx Brothers.
While many of these characters go back in motion picture history at least 50 years, because movies involving these characters are often shown on television, these characters remain well known. Thus "Laurel and Hardy" are as familiar to children today as they were in their heyday.
Children who have seen these movies on a television screen have not only taken the characters to heart, but have committed to memory familiar bits of dialog. Thus in almost every Laurel and Hardy movie there is a climactic scene in which Oliver Hardy says to Stan Laurel "Here's another fine mess you've gotten me into, Stanley!"
Toy dolls and figures resembling celebrated characters are popular in the toy field, these figures being manufactured under a character license granted by the owner of the copyright. It is the usual practice to package a toy character in a box having a transparent cover, for then the contents of the box are visible. However, once the character is taken out of the box, the box has no further use and is discarded.
A child who plays with a toy figure resembling a character then seeks to recreate an activity in which the character was involved in a movie the child had seen. If this activity requires the character to turn his head, lift an arm or swing a leg, the child cannot imitate this activity if the figure is rigid and the arms and legs are not articulated. And if this activity requires the character to climb a ladder or paint a ceiling, the child must improvise props for this purpose.
Thus lacking in existing packages for toy characters are the props and other articles necessary for a child to simulate a performance involving the character.
In a typical package for a toy, whether the toy is a character figure, a toy vehicle or any other plaything, the package makes use of a carton having opaque walls. Hence the actual nature of the packaged toy is not evident to a prospective purchaser whose impression of the package contents is gained only from a picture of the toy printed on the face of the carton.
Since a package in accordance with the invention includes a box or carton having an extra panel or flap hinged to a wall of the carton, of prior art interest are the following references all of which show a similar arrangement:
A. U.S. Pat. No. 3,099,381--Meyer--"Extra Panel Carton" PA1 B. U.S. Pat. No. 5,293,994--Ankik--"Video Cassette Package" PA1 C. U.S. Pat. No. 5,548,235--Stone--"Gift Product" PA1 D. U.S. Pat. No. 5,641,062--Burton--"Combined Greeting Card and Gift Box Apparatus" PA1 E. European patent application 0455048 A1 (1991)--Lo Duca--"Box with a supplementary raisable panel prontable on both sides"

Package for a character figure and stage props