Installation method of turbine-generator equipment controlling a turbine-generator is described. The method includes manufacturing a thyristor excitation equipment as a package including a circuit breaker, an excitation transformer, a power rectifier coupled with the excitation transformer, and an excitation control panel controlling a thyristor ignition angle of the power rectifier. After the manufacturing, positioning the thyristor excitation equipment where the power rectifier is connectable to the turbine-generator, and after the positioning, wiring between the turbine-generator and the thyristor excitation equipment.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to turbine-generator equipment and a method of constructing turbine-generator equipment to control excitation of the turbine-generator (turbine-driven generator).
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, there are two types of a turbine-generator equipment for generating alternating-current electric power, a direct-current (DC) excitation system and an alternating-current (AC) excitation system. Recently, however, thyristor direct excitation systems have been much adopted because of their excellence in controlling and their easy maintenance. In operating turbine-generator equipment, the equipment is updated and converted when the equipment is not operating. The update and conversion allow for coping with depletion of equipment components, for increasing the output of the excitation system of the generator according to an increase of the output of the generator, and for improving responsibility of the equipment to renew the system. In this case, the established equipment of the DC excitation system or AC excitation system is often removed and the thyristor direct excitation system equipment is installed.
Turbine-generator equipment of a direct-current system has a DC exciter, a DC circuit breaker, a DC excitation control panel and so on, and turbine-generator equipment of a alternating-current system has an AC exciter, a rectifier, an DC excitation control panel and so on. In case of changing one of these systems into a thyristor direct excitation system, after operation of the turbine-generator equipment is stopped, a decelerator or an AC exciter axially connected to a turbie-generator is removed, and afterwards components of the thyristor direct excitation system is positioned around the foundation of the turbine-generator with arranging base of each component. That is, when converting turbine-generator equipment of either the direct-current excitation system or the alternating-current excitation system into the thyristor direct excitation system, the alternation of systems takes a long period of time, because any preliminary work including foundation construction of the components or the panel cannot be performed when the turbine-generator is operating. Moreover, since there are few open spaces around the foundation of the turbine-generator, the components or the panel are difficult to install additionally.

Turbine-generator equipment and installation method thereof


The following describes a reconfigurable set of industrial processing techniques which, when appropriately combined, enable zero-emissions reforming, utilizing a wide range of conventional and unconventional feedstocks. Hydrocarbons, harvested or refuse biomass, as well as assorted byproducts and wastes are reformed through tightly integrated processing. The system is designed to incorporate alternative energy sources such as renewables or nuclear for high-density energy utilization and storage. Central to the processing methodology is a novel molten salt electrochemical reactor designed as a modular system for high-throughput carbochlorination and resource recovery. Such a configuration drastically reduces or eliminates waste while improving efficiency and realizing vast new economic incentives.

Rapid growth and modernization are the hallmarks of a healthy and vibrant economy and are understandably sought-after goals of nearly every nation on the planet. The advances in technologies developed throughout the industrial revolution and beyond have allowed growth by developing countries at rates and scales never previously seen. These are widely accepted as positive advances ideally capable of spreading to all peoples and bringing a better quality of life to everyone on the planet. However, the shortcomings of common methods and modes of resource extraction and utilization present in modern industry are becoming increasingly problematic. Conservative estimates put the total amount of waste generated globally at over 10 billion tons per year, with that number expected to double over the next 10 years. From an ecological, industrial, or any realistic viewpoint, this is not a sustainable model.
Negative effects of anthropogenic metabolism are a multi-pronged and increasingly apparent issue in both industrialized and developing nations around the world. It is becoming more widely accepted that current industrial processes cannot scale to the point of being accessible to more than a fraction of the world's population without exacting enormous tolls in terms of environmental degradation and resource availability, offsetting or even counteracting the sought-after gains promised by modern technologies. Rapidly developing countries provide an excellent case-study in how modern industrial technologies can be leveraged to raise the standard of living in previously unimaginably short periods of time. These technologies, however, are not without their drawbacks. Air pollution and smog alerts in China's major population centers are one example, among many, of the consequences of scaling legacy processes along with their associated pollution and waste management challenges. Although alternatives have been developed, many major industrial processes have not evolved significantly beyond their initial implementation. This creates an increasing environmental footprint and gives little thought to industrial ecology. For truly sustainable and environmentally sound processes, industrial symbiosis becomes essential. Further compounding the challenge, significant economic advantage is a prerequisite in displacing well-known processing techniques in what is generally a very capital intensive and risk-averse industry.

Electrochemical device for cascading reactive distillation


The present invention relates to a asymmetric cap ply reinforcement cord comprising yarns having yarns with two different linear density values in range of 1300-1500 dtex and 850-100 dtex in the cap ply reinforcement layer that is located between the tread and the belt package in a pneumatic radial vehicle tire comprising a tread and a belt package, and that is formed by winding spirally as strip comprising at least two cords such that it will make 0 to 5° angle with the equatorial plane on the said belt package.

In belt packages present in radial passenger vehicle tires used today, there is at least two cross belt layers, and a textile cap ply reinforcement layer wrapped spirally in circumferential direction on the belt. The cross belt layers comprising steel cords provide the lateral and circumferential rigidity required for the tire performance. The function of the cap ply layer is to decrease the tire growth in tire diameter caused by the centrifugal force occurring at high speed, and decrease the pantographic movements between the belt layers beside the said growth, thereby avoiding belt edge separations and improving tire performance.
It is the radial pressure (restraining force) applied by the cap ply layer on the belt package under dynamic conditions which enables it to improve the tire performance. The two important features enabling the said force to be effective is the modulus and thermal shrink force of the textile cords at service temperature. Nylon 6.6, polyester (PET) and aramid/nylon hybrid cords can be given as examples for reinforcement types used in current cap ply layer applications. In nylon 6.6 reinforcing cord application, the cord manufactured from nylon 6.6 is wrapped on the steel belt package as single or double layer in yarn and cord constructions such as 940×1, 1400×1, 940×2, 1400×2, 1880×2 and 2100×1 according to speed class of the tire such that it will make 0-5° angle between the equatorial plane and it will cover the whole belt width as single cord or strip comprised of a plurality of parallel cords. When nylon 6.6 is used, cord modulus decreases at increased temperature at high speeds, while the thermal shrink force increases, and thus it can compensate the difference due to the decrease in modulus. Furthermore, the nylon 6.6 having high fatigue resistance and excellent adhesion with the rubber material enables this polymer to be commonly preferred as cap ply reinforcement layer.
In high speed tires, when nylon 6.6 is used in symmetrical 940×2 constructions, the cord density (epdm, number of cords in 10 cm) is increased in order not to increase the number of layers above two. This density is increased up to 160 epdm in several cases. In this case, the rivet area is decreased, and thus rubber penetration between the cords becomes difficult.
As another option, when the said nylon 6.6 is used in symmetrical 1400×2 construction in high speed tires, the total layer thickness increases depending on the cord thickness, and the increase in thickness causes the tire weight to increase. At the same time, the rolling resistance of the tire increases depending on the increased rubber amount. The increased tire weight and the increased rolling resistance cause more fuel consumption.
Polyester, which is one of the reinforcement types used in current cap ply layer applications, can be used for forming cap ply reinforcing layer especially in different constructions due to its high modulus. Especially, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) may be preferred in different constructions due to its high modulus. However, the modulus of the PET drops significantly at high temperature, while the adhesion of the cord on the rubber decreases due to thermal degradation. Furthermore, the bending and fatigue resistance under compression of the PET is much weaker relative to the nylon 6.6.
Another cap ply reinforcement used in the current technique, hybrid cords, are used in high speed tires since they can be used as single layer, the rivet area can be maintained wide, and the total amount of rubber in the cap ply reinforcing layer can be decreased. Besides, it can easily be processed since it has low initial modulus, and it also improves the high speed performance of the tire since it has high modulus after process. However, aramid/nylon hybrid cords are more expensive than the nylon 6.6 and polyester yarns.
The advantages and disadvantages of the cap ply reinforcement applications used in the current technique are explained above. In these applications, nylon 6.6 asymmetrical cord constructions that will decrease fuel consumption and increase the high speed resistance of the tire by enabling the use of less rubber in the tire are not disclosed. In other words, a nylon 6.6 cord construction that will cover the gap between the 1400×2 and 940×2 symmetrical cord constructions and between the linear density values corresponding to this construction range is not disclosed.


Conflicts and collisions between right-turning vehicles and pedestrians are a common problem in the field of traffic engineering. The present invention provides a visual indication that a pedestrian intends to cross as well as a wireless Infrastructure-to-Vehicle (I2V) message transmitted to nearby connected vehicles warning of the pedestrian's intent. Some embodiments may include a second visual indication and I2V message at the beginning of the Walk interval to warn drivers that a pedestrian is entering the crossing. The visual indication can include a lighted dynamic sign and/or light fixture configured to draw the attention of a driver of a vehicle.

Pedestrian safety is of the utmost importance to the traffic industry. The exclusive turn lane has been identified as a difficult subject for designers of transportation infrastructure. For example, Right Turn on Red allows the driver to creep up to the stop bar and make the right turn when traffic allows.
Many times, a pedestrian is prepared to cross the street where the vehicle in waiting to make the right turn. The driver of the vehicle is typically focused on the vehicular traffic and is not adequately monitoring the crossing initiation area for potential pedestrians crossing directly in front of them.
Unfortunately, and all too often the traffic lets up at the same time the pedestrian gets the walk sign. The driver, focused on vehicular traffic, initiates the right turn at the same time the pedestrian is initiating the crossing. The pedestrian can be in trouble.
An additional danger is present due to right turn on green scenarios. Often times a crossing parallel to the initial direction of the turning vehicle will enter its walk stage at the same time that the turning vehicle gets a green light, leading both the pedestrian and the driver to believe that their path is clear.


A method of medical image registration includes obtaining a first medical image generated before a medical surgery; obtaining a second medical image generated in real time during the medical surgery; extracting landmark points of at least two adjacent anatomical objects recognizable in the second medical image among a plurality of anatomical objects near an organ of interest of a patient from the first medical image and the second medical image; and registering the first medical image and the second medical image based on a geometrical correlation among the adjacent anatomical objects indicated by the landmark points of the first medical image and a geometrical correlation among the adjacent anatomical objects indicated by the landmark points of the second medical image.

1. Field
This application relates to methods and apparatuses for registering a plurality of medical images.
2. Description of Related Art
Recent developments in medical technologies enable acquisition of high-resolution medical images and minute manipulation of medical equipment. For example, surgical methods for making a small incision, inserting a catheter or a medical needle into a blood vessel or a desired location of a body, and observing the interior of the body using medical imaging equipment, and performing treatment have been developed. Such methods are referred to as "image-guided surgeries" or "interventional imaging surgeries." A surgeon determines locations of organs or lesions from images. Furthermore, since a patient breathes or moves during a surgery, it is necessary to determine changes caused thereby. Therefore, it is necessary for a surgeon to determine breathing and movement of a patient based on real-time images quickly and precisely to perform a surgery, where it is not easy to recognize shapes of organs and lesions with the naked eye. For example, in the case of a liver cancer patient, the shapes of the liver and lesions cannot be recognized based on ultrasound images obtained in real time during surgery. On the other hand, although images obtained via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) enable clear recognition of the shapes of the liver and lesions of a liver cancer patient, the images cannot be obtained in real time during surgery.

Method and apparatus for medical image registration

KOREA ADVANCED INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY


This disclosure provides a positive electrode active lithium-excess metal oxide with composition LixMyO2 (0.6≤y≤0.85 and 0≤x+y≤2) for a lithium secondary battery with a high reversible capacity that is insensitive with respect to cation-disorder. The material exhibits a high capacity without the requirement of overcharge during the first cycles.

Li Battery Cathode Materials:
The positive electrode (cathode) material is the limiting factor in the production of high capacity and high energy density lithium ion batteries. An important class of cathode materials for secondary lithium batteries is constituted by rock-salt type layered lithium metal oxides of the general composition LiMO2, where M is a metallic species or a mixture of several such. In such layered oxides, every second plane in <111> direction (from F-3m cubic system) contains alternating lithium cations or cations of species M (M. S. Whittingham, Science 192 (1976) 1126-1127; M. S. Whittingham, Chemical Reviews 104 (2004) 4271-4302). It has been typical in the field of batteries to look for well-ordered layered cathodes, in which the Li and M cations are well separated in distinct (111) layers. For example, capacity degrading in LiNiO2 can be attributed to the migration of nickel cations to the lithium layer (C. Delmas et al., Journal of Power Sources 68 (1997) 120-125). Introducing Mn to the compound improves its layeredness and results in significantly better capacity retention (K. Kang et al., Science 311 (2006) 977-980). Similarly, cation mixing is believed to have a strong negative impact on the electrochemical performance of Li(Li,Ni,Mn,Co)O2 (X. Zhang et al., J. Power Sources 195 (2010) 1292-1301). The capacity of most well-ordered layered cathode materials has been limited to 150-180 mAh/g which corresponds to 0.5 to 0.65 Li ions per LiMO2 formula unit (T. Ohzuku, Y. Makimura, Chemistry Letters 30 (2001) 744-745; J. Choi, A. Manthiram, J. Electrochem. Soc. 152 (2005) A1714-A1718). To achieve higher capacity, complex overcharging schemes have been developed, but these are difficult to implement in the manufacturing of batteries. For example, some Li(Li,Ni,Co,Mn)O2 compounds are overcharged in the first cycle at a voltage above 4.7 V in order to release oxygen, and achieve a higher capacity in the subsequent cycles (M. M. Thackeray et al., J. Mater. Chem. 17 (2007) 3112-3125; A. R. Armstrong et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 (2006) 8694-8698). But this overcharge process is more expensive to implement and leads to cathode materials with limited long-term stability as well as reduced charge/discharge rate capability. Thus, overcharging may lead to oxygen evolution and poses a potential safety risk, and adds cost and complications to battery manufacturing.

High-capacity positive electrode active material


The description is given of a molding, in particular for furniture and particularly for seating furniture, which has at least one surface with a number of curves and which consists of a multi-layered material with fibers. According to the invention, a multiplicity of slits are arranged in the at least one curved surface of the molding such that the slits can take up the change in the dimensions of the material in relation to the non-deformed state, with the result that an essentially stress-free state can be achieved without damage to the outer layers of the material in the region of the curved surface.

Moldings for furniture, in particular for seating furniture, are frequently produced from a fibrous material such as plywood. One property of plywood is that it can be deformed only to a relatively small extent. The result of this is either that the seat or backrest moldings of a piece of seating furniture can be deformed only to a relatively small extent and thus also can be adapted only to a very limited extent to the anatomical requirements of the body of an individual or else that the corresponding moldings have to be produced from other, more easily deformable materials, which then have the disadvantage that they do not possess the structural and thermal properties which a piece of wooden furniture can afford. If a material such as plywood is deformed to too pronounced an extent, the outer layers crack, which renders the corresponding molding unusable.
Although seating-furniture moldings which have lightening holes or else elongate cutouts in the seat part or in the backrest part are known, it has been the case that these cutouts are used for decorative purposes alone. An example of such a chair model provided with decorative holes is the "Trinidat" model designed by the Dane Nana Ditzel and produced by the Fredericia chair factory. The slits provided in this case, however, are used for purely decorative purposes and thus do not allow pronounced deformation of the moldings, in particular when plywood is used.
The object of the invention is thus to provide a molding, in particular for furniture and particularly for seating furniture, which consists of a multi-layered fibrous material and by means of which it is possible to produce surfaces with pronounced curvature without outer layers being damaged on these curved surfaces after final shaping.

Curved molding, in particular for furniture


The invention comprises comminution of certain types of stone to prepare a composition adapted to promote health and vitality in mammals, including humans. The stone is selected from sedimentary rock, igneous rock, metamorphosed sedimentary or igneous rock and combinations thereof.

This invention relates to a preparation for the promotion of mammalian health. In particular, the invention relates to the use of sedimentary or igneous rock for the preparation of a mineral supplement conducive to the promotion and maintenance of good health and vitality in humans.
Minerals are essential to all life. In suitable dosages, minerals further protect health in mammals and improve resistance to disease and other ailments. It would therefore be very advantageous to identify an abundant and inexpensive source of these essential elements.
It has been found that comminuted sedimentary or igneous rock is a bountiful source of minerals which can promote good health and vitality in humans. A significant advantage of the subject invention is the abundant source of the raw material.


The present invention is directed to a 3-D insert to be disposed in a skate boot so as to eliminate or reduce the gap between the posterior section of the Achille's heel and the boot liner.

The present invention pertains to a boot construction, especially for ice hockey skates, but which may be suitably adapted to other footwear applications such as in-line roller skates, hiking boots, etc. The present invention, by way of example only, will be described hereinafter in relation to ice hockey skate boots, but it is understood that the invention herein described and claimed may be suitably adapted to other boot applications.
At present, ice hockey skate boots use, in order to protect the wearer, ankle inserts and heel counter inserts which are sandwiched in between the layers of various materials which make up the liner of the boot. Typical skate boots are quite rigid in order to protect the foot and ankle of the wearer from impacts and stress during skating. This rigidity, combined with variations in human anatomy, has as a consequence the creation in many instances of a gap between the skate boot and the wearer's Achilles tendon. The presence of a gap between the skate boot and the wearer's Achilles tendon may result in heel slippage leading to discomfort, irritation and blisters. After considerable use of the skate, however, the leather and other materials naturally soften and become less rigid from repeated flexing, with the result that the upper ankle portion of the boot tends to slump down onto or over the heel counter, typically creating a ridge on the inside of the skate. This ridge bears against the Achilles' tendon, and thus creates a pressure point which results in decreased comfort and potential for blistering or other injury.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide for a skate boot construction which reduces or alleviates the gap which may be present between the skate boot and the wearer's Achilles tendon so as to prevent heel slippage leading to discomfort, irritation and blisters.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide for a skate boot construction which increases comfort and protects the wearer from potential blistering or other injury caused by the possible formation of a ridge on the inside of the skate due to wear of the skate boot.

Skate boot construction with 3-D heel pocket


Disclosed is a method and system for sharing content between a plurality of electronic devices including identifying an event and detecting one or more electronic devices based on the identified event. Electronic content is obtained from one or more of the electronic devices related to the event and provided to one or more output devices based on a comparison.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to obtaining and sharing electronic content between users wishing to access the electronic content. More particularly, the present invention relates to identifying electronic devices in a particular area and providing an interface between the identified devices so that content and processing functions may be shared between devices.
2. Background Discussion
Sharing electronic content has become a popular way for users of electronic devices to interact. Many social networking websites and services permit users to share content of interest. While social networking provides a forum to share electronic content, it would be an advancement in the art to provide an efficient and user-friendly system for a user to obtain and share electronic content.

Method and apparatus for sharing electronic content

SONY NETWORK ENTERTAINMENT INTERNATIONAL LLC


An architecture-independent test program generator for producing test programs for checking the operation of a hardware processor design comprises means for storing data representing the processor instruction set and resources, and logic for generating, for subsequent storage or processing, test programs from said stored data, characterized in that the data is a separate declarative specification, the generator comprising logic for extracting said data from the storage means, and in that the relationships between the processor resources and semantic entities associated with each instruction are modelled in said declarative specification.

The goal of processor verification is to ensure equivalence of a processor and its architectural specification. This goal can be achieved either by a formal proof or by exhaustive simulation. However, the complexity of processors renders the formal approach impractical for most industrial applications and the size of the test space makes exhaustive simulation impossible.
Typically, the architecture specification is an informal description of the processor's resources, the instruction repertoire and the effect of instruction execution on the processor state. It also describes the main hardware mechanisms such as address translation, interrupt handling or multi-tasking. Computer architectures are complex. A typical architecture includes hundreds of instructions; a few dozens of resources, such as main memory, general-purpose registers, special-purpose registers, and complex functional units, e.g. floating point, address translation, external interrupt mechanism. A typical architecture description is a few hundred pages long.
In practice, design verification of hardware processors is generally, but not exclusively, carried out by simulating the operation of sets of assembly level test programs using a hardware simulator with a particular set of design parameters and comparing the results with the output predicted by a behavioral simulator.
The hardware simulator may take as input a design model written in a hardware description language, such as the IEEE standard VHDL (IEEE standard 1076-1987). Of course, if prototype hardware is available the test programs may be run directly on that. The behavioral simulator is normally written for software development purposes prior to having the actual hardware and represents the expected behavior of the hardware given the architecture specification.
Traditionally, these test programs are written manually. First, a list of test requirements is compiled; then tests are written to cover this list. Requirements derived from the architecture specification usually call for the testing of every instruction, under normal, boundary and exception conditions. The tests written to satisfy these requirements are called Architecture Verification Programs (AVP), and are required to run correctly on any realization of the architecture. The design work-book, which defines major design details, such as clock cycle and cache size, and the actual HDL design are used to construct a second list of requirements and the Implementation Verification Programs (IVP). The latter typically test the functionality of caches, pipelines and units like a Carry Look Ahead adder or a bit-rotator.
Design verification by manually written tests is not cost effective. Using this approach a substantial proportion of the processor design effort must be dedicated to verification. Furthermore, many of these tests are too simple, as test engineers find it difficult to define complex situations.
The automatic generation of such test programs for the verification of processor architectures is known from A. Aharon, et al. `Verification of the IBM RISC System/6000 By a Dynamic Biased Pseudo-Random Test Program Generator`, IBM Systems Journal, April 1991 referred to hereinafter as R11 and from EP-A-453394. The automation of test program generation has increased productivity and in recent years has also provided better quality.
Typically, such a test program generator is a complex software system. An example described in R1 written in the programming language `C` spans about 150,000 lines of code. The complexity of processor architectures, which nowadays can include hundreds of instructions and around ten functional units, and their informal description are reflected in the complexity of the test generation system.
These known test program generators suffer from the drawback that a new test program generator has to be developed and implemented for each architecture for which the process is to be used. In other words, the generator is architecture dependent.
Furthermore, changes in the architecture or in the testing requirements require subtle modifications to be made to the generator's code. Since design verification gets under way when the architecture is still evolving, a typical test generation system undergoes frequent changes.
Typically, there are two levels of changes: within an architecture version and between versions. Within a version there are normally hundreds of changes, many of them subtle. When the architecture is relatively stable, an architecture version is declared. It may be substantially different from the previous version. The changes in both levels are described informally, are often difficult to identify, and their consequences for the test program generator are not always clear. Furthermore, many of the changes required in the test generator are due to the evolving testing knowledge accumulated through the validation process itself. New testing needs rise frequently as a consequence of previous testing results and uncovering of design errors.
In the prior art, features of the architecture and knowledge gained from testing are modelled in the generation system. The architecture is needed to generate legal instructions and tests. Testing knowledge is used to generate interesting, smart or revealing instructions and tests. This knowledge is embedded in the generation procedures of the prior art systems. Modelling of both architecture and testing knowledge is procedural and tightly interconnected. Its visibility is thus low. This worsens the effects of the complexity and changeability.

International Business Machines Corporation


A filtering device for treating ballast water and more particularly, a multicage-type device for filtering ballast water to prevent back pressure, wherein the multicage-type device for filtering ballast water includes a back pressure prevention tank on a backwash line for backwashing and discharging foreign substances that are inside a filter of the device for filtering, so that backwash water and the foreign substances in the backwash line are preliminarily stored in the back pressure prevention tank thereby preventing an increase of back pressure and preventing an increase of the back pressure on the backwash line by always maintaining a level of water inside the back pressure prevention tank at lower than an inlet port that is connected to the backwash line.

Ballast water refers to sea water which is charged into a ballast tank of a ship to maintain balance of the ship when the ship sails without cargo.
As marine transportation rates have gradually increased along with an increase in international trade, the number of ships used has increased, and the ships used are becoming larger. As a result, the amount of ballast water used in ships has greatly increased. As the amount of ballast water used in ships is increased, occurrence of damage to indigenous ocean ecosystems attributable to foreign marine creature species is also increased. To solve such international environmental issues, in 2004, IMO (international maritime organization) established 'International convention for the control and management for ship's ballast water and sediments'. Since 2009, ballast water treatment devices have been obligatorily installed in new constructed ships.
As examples of conventional methods for treating ballast water, a method of exchanging ballast water on the sea and a method of treating ballast water on the ground have been used. However, these conventional methods have the disadvantage of being inefficient. Therefore, recently, a method using a ballast water treatment device installed in a ship is widely used. Particularly, a filtration method using a filter is mainly used as the ballast water treatment device. As ships are becoming larger, a need for treatment of a large amount of ballast water is increased. Accordingly, multi-cage type ballast water filtering devices which can treat a large amount of ballast water are recently used.
The term 'multi-cage type ballast water filtering device' refers to a device in which a plurality of filtering units, each of which includes a filter and a device for automatically washing the filter integrated into a single body in a filtering device. As multiple filtering units are used, ballast water treatment capacity is increased accordingly. Therefore, such a multi-cage type ballast water filtering device is mainly used in a large ship which must treat a large capacity of ballast water.
FIG. 1 is a side view of a conventional multi-cage type ballast water filtering device. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the conventional multi-cage type ballast water filtering device.
The conventional multi-cage type ballast water filtering device has a structure capable of automatically backwashing filters to remove foreign substances, etc. from the filters and discharging them out of the device. However, the conventional filtering device is problematic in that foreign substances, etc. are deposited on a backwash line during a backwashing process and back pressure attributable to the deposited foreign substances, etc. is increased, whereby the backwashing process may not be smoothly conducted. Also, there was no effort to fundamentally overcome such problems.
Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in the conventional filtering device, not only drive units a which operate backwash devices for backwashing filtering units but also discharge units b and discharge pipes c for discharging foreign substances out of the filtering device after the backwashing process all are installed on an upper part of the filtering device. As such, because many elements are gathered in one place, work for installation, replacement or disassembly of the elements is not easy. Particularly, under special environment conditions, that is, in a ship, space provided to install such a filtering device is very small (generally, to ensure sufficient space for original purposes of the ship, it is designed such that space such as a machinery room is relatively small). Therefore, given the fact that space defined above the upper part of the filtering device is also small, the conventional structure in which installation positions of many elements are focused on the upper part of the filtering device makes the maintenance of the filtering device more difficult.
In addition, the more the installation positions of the elements of the filtering device are focused on the upper part of the filter device, the more the space required above the upper part of the filtering device to install the elements or allow disassembly work must also be increased. Thus, an inefficient spatial structure is caused in that a separate upper space for the filtering device must be secured under special environment conditions, that is, in the ship.
Furthermore, in the conventional filtering device, if backwash water and foreign substances that have moved along the backwash line settle in a pipe of the backwash line when the force with which backwash water and foreign substances flow along the backwash line becomes insufficient, or if backwash water is concentrated in the backwash line, the degree of opening of the pipe of the backwash line is reduced. In this case, pressure in the backwash line, that is, back pressure, increases, thus reducing the backwashing efficiency and the filtering efficiency of the filtering device. However, the conventional filtering device has no technical structure to solve these problems.
Moreover, the conventional filtering device does not sufficiently have a means for fundamentally preventing the elements used in the backwash devices from colliding with each other or with deposited foreign substances and being damaged during a process of backwashing the filtering units. In addition, the conventional filtering device does not have any technical structure to solve problems derived from ballast water that remains in the filtering device while the operation thereof is interrupted, or problems pertaining to a seal of the filter for preventing ballast water that has not been filtered from leaking out of the filter.

Multicage-type device for filtering ballast water so as to prevent back pressure on backwash line


To provide a rotating electrical machine for a vehicle having efficiently increased protection strength, a protective member mounted on a facing surface facing a side member of a rotating electrical machine disposed on the inner side along the width direction of the vehicle than the side member, has a protective portion apart from the outer surface of a cover forming a facing surface of the rotating electrical machine in an area of the rotating electrical machine facing the side member, and has a space ensured between the outer surface of the cover forming the facing surface of the rotating electrical machine and the protective portion.

1. Field of the Invention
The present disclosure relates to a rotating electrical machine for a vehicle to be disposed in an engine room of a vehicle, particularly to a rotating electrical machine for a vehicle to be disposed on an inner side of a side member in a width direction of the vehicle, which side member is provided along a front-back direction of the vehicle.
2. Description of the Related Arts
In an engine room of a vehicle, a pair of side members are disposed on the left side and the right side in the width direction of the vehicle. The side members are each provided along the front-back direction of the vehicle, and an engine, a reduction gear and a rotating electrical machine are disposed between one of the side member and the other. The rotating electrical machine is disposed in a position facing one of the side member (e.g. the side member on the right side) (see JP 2011-213290 A, for example).
Further, it is known that in a vehicle having a pair of side members and a front cross member to connecting the pair of side members to each other, in a case where the right-side half of the vehicle crashes into a barrier (offset crash), the front cross member compressed by the barrier transmits the impact load to the side member, and the side member and its surrounding members are collapsed to absorb the impact load (see JP 2012-166653 A, for example).
Recent years, as an engine, a reduction gear, a rotating electrical machine, and the like are gathered in the engine room of a vehicle, and the rotating electrical machine is disposed facing and in the vicinity of the side member, if the side member is deformed inward along the width direction of the vehicle by e.g. a crash of the vehicle, the rotating electrical machine may be compressed by the side member. Thus, the rotating electrical machine for a vehicle is required to have sufficient protection strength.
However, as the rotating electrical machine for a vehicle is disposed in the vicinity of and facing the side member, increasing of the thickness of its housing is limited, and sufficient protection strength may not be obtained only by increasing the thickness of the housing.
In view of the above object, at least an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a rotating electrical machine for a vehicle capable of improving the protection strength efficiently.

MITSUBISHI JIDOSHA KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA

MITSUBISHI JIDOSHA ENGINEERING KABUSHIKI KAISHA


A method is provided for controlling an engine system including an engine, a controller, a clean emissions module (CEM), and a cooling system driven at least partly by the engine system for regulating a temperature of at least part of the CEM.

Temperature plays an important role in an engine system. For example, it is known that certain engine components have an associated optimum temperature range within which they may function. As such, these engine components may have upper temperature limits, above which engine components may begin to malfunction or operate less efficiently. In contrast, there may be lower temperature limits, below which such engine components may not operate very effectively. Accordingly, temperature regulation of an engine system is necessary in order to maintain temperature of engine components within an "operational" temperature range so that the engine system can operate in an efficient and robust manner. In this regard, various cooling systems may be provided within the engine system to assist the temperature regulation, and in particular to effect a cooling of the relevant engine components as the temperatures associated with the engine increase.
It may often be desirable to provide temperature regulation after an engine operator has signalled for the engine to be switched off. Given that the relevant temperature regulation system may be operated at least partly by the engine, an engine control system may prevent or delay the immediate shutdown of the engine (e.g. by performing or maintaining a defined engine operation) after receiving the relevant shutdown signal from the operator so as to maintain the operation of the temperature regulation system. This is often termed "delayed engine shutdown" (DES).


An efficient way to determine which objects in a 3D image are to be displayed and which are not because they are obscured by other displayed objects. Displayable elements are assigned depth values defining their relative perceived nearness to the viewer of the image. A comparison of depth values determines which elements are to be displayed and which are not to be displayed because they are obscured by displayed elements. Rather than comparing the depth value of every pixel in a displayable object to determine whether it is to be displayed, the invention compares groups of pixels defined by spans. Minimum and maximum depth values are determined for each span so that depth variations within a span can be accommodated. Masks are used when only partial spans are to be considered because some pixels in a span are outside the pixel boundaries being considered in a particular comparison.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention pertains to the field of three dimensional (3D) graphics emulation. More particularly, it pertains to the determination of which pixels to show when some objects in a displayed image obscure others due to differences in apparent distance from the viewer.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a 3D scene, the objects that are nearer to the viewer may obscure the view of other objects, which are farther away. As the perspective of the viewer changes, or the objects move with respect to one another, the view of objects which are fully or partly obscured may also change. When a two-dimensional graphics system emulates a three-dimensional scene, the graphics system which generates the image must maintain image data for every potentially displayable object, but will only display the closest object when two or more objects occupy the same perceived line of sight. For this reason, graphics systems typically maintain distance information on each displayable object, so that they can determine which object in a particular part of the screen is nearest and should be displayed, and which objects will be obscured and therefore not displayed.
FIGS. 1a and 1b illustrate this principle by showing two images containing a rectangular object and a circular object which overlap each other. In FIG. 1a, circular object 2 appears in front of rectangular object 3, overlapping it in area 4. In FIG. 1b, rectangular object 13 appears in front of circular object 12, overlapping it in area 14. (Note: dotted lines are shown in the figures to illustrate the boundaries of the overlapped area, but would not appear in the actual image.) In FIG. 1a, overlap area 4 would be filled in with picture elements (pixels) depicting the circular object 2, while the pixels depicting rectangular object 3 would not be used in overlap area 4. Conversely, in FIG. 1b overlap area 14 would be filled in with pixels depicting rectangular object 13, while the pixels depicting circular object 12 would not be used in overlap area 14.
To determine which objects should be perceived as nearer, depth values are assigned to every pixel of every displayable object. Depth values represent the apparent relative distance of the object from some reference point, such as the viewer. If two or more displayable objects encompass the same pixel location in the image, only the pixel from the nearest object (smallest depth value) should be displayed. A pixel depth buffer is used to maintain depth information about every pixel in the image, describing the depth of the nearest perceived object at each pixel location.
The conventional approach to creating the depth buffer is to compare the depths of the various objects at every pixel location. Each displayable object has a separate depth value for every pixel encompassed by that object, with the depth value describing the relative depth, or apparent distance from the viewer, of the object at that pixel location. A depth comparison is performed for each pixel of the displayed image. If the pixel for the object under consideration (the current pixel) is closer than the pixel presently displayable at that location (the reference pixel), then the current pixel will replace the reference pixel and the current pixel""s depth value will go into the pixel depth buffer for that pixel location. If the reference pixel is closer than the current pixel, then the reference pixel will remain as the displayable pixel, and the reference pixel depth information will remain in the pixel depth buffer for that pixel location. After the pixels of all objects which could occupy each pixel location have been considered in this manner, each pixel referenced in the pixel depth buffer will represent the nearest perceived object at that particular pixel location, and that pixel will be the one to display.
Occasionally a programmer may wish to display something other than the nearest object, such as the farthest object. In such special effects situations, different pixels would win the comparison tests, but the basic technique of a pixel-by-pixel comparison is the same. Since the comparisons are performed on a pixel-by-pixel basis, there is a potential need to perform multiple comparisons for every pixel in the displayed image. As graphic images achieve increasingly higher resolution with more pixels per image, devoting this amount of computation solely to the decision of which objects to display can use up an excessive amount of processor and memory bandwidth, and can limit the throughput of the graphics processing system.
The invention includes a method of using a depth buffer that includes identifying a first pixel group with a first set of depth values and identifying a second pixel group with a second set of depth values. A first span is formed including the minimum and maximum depth values from the first set, and a second span is formed including the minimum and maximum depth values from the second set. The minimum and maximum values of the first span are compared with the minimum and maximum values of the second span. At least a portion of the first span or the second span is saved as a result of the comparison.


A method of evaluating a subterranean formation includes conveying a tool along a borehole. The tool includes a transmitter that transmits a drive pulse and a receiver that receives at least one formation response to the drive pulse. The method further includes calculating a signal-to-noise ratio of the at least one formation response and comparing the signal-to-noise ratio to a programmable threshold. The method further includes determining, based on the comparing, an adjusted drive pulse to transmit and transmitting the adjusted drive pulse. The method further includes and receiving at least one formation response to the adjusted drive pulse and deriving formation data from the at least one formation response to the adjusted drive pulse. The method further includes displaying a representation of the formation based on the formation data.

The gathering of downhole information has been performed by the oil and gas industry for many years. Modern drilling and production operations demand a great quantity of information relating to the parameters and conditions downhole. Such information typically includes the location and orientation of the bottomhole assembly, earth formation properties, and drilling environment parameters downhole. The gathering of information relating to formation properties and conditions downhole is commonly referred to as "logging," and can be performed during drilling itself.
Various measurement tools exist for use in logging operations such as acoustic tools, imaging tools, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tools, resistivity tools, and the like. Acoustic tools typically measure the transit of seismic waves throughout the formation, while imaging tools result in high-resolution images for geological and structural classification, sedimentary analysis, and bit steering. NMR tools usually measure formation porosity and fluid saturation, and resistivity tools compare amplitudes and/or phases of reflected signals to measure the formation resistivity.
These tools transmit signals into the formation and receive responses to the transmitted signals, which are then processed to extract useful data about the surrounding formation. The tools generate a drive pulse, or drive signal, for transmission, but the drive pulses are not optimized in a fashion that accounts for the environmental characteristics such as formation composition, borehole size, borehole fluid, and the like. For example, the magnitude of the drive pulse may be greater than necessary to extract useful data from the responses because the formation characteristics are relatively predictable. As such, any increase in magnitude may not increase the quantity, kind, or quality of the extracted data. In this example, resources are diverted to generating the overly powerful drive pulse that would be better spent elsewhere.
It should be understood, however, that the specific embodiments given in the drawings and detailed description thereto do not limit the disclosure. On the contrary, they provide the foundation for one of ordinary skill to discern the alternative forms, equivalents, and modifications that are encompassed together with one or more of the given embodiments in the scope of the appended claims.

Using an adjusted drive pulse in formation evaluation


The present invention is a system, method, and computer program product that provides the capability by which changes in an organization can be automatically reflected in the organization's mailing lists and access lists. The email messaging system comprises a mailing list generator operable to receive information relating to an organizational hierarchy and generate from the received information a plurality of mailing lists, at least some of the mailing lists relating to a member of the organizational hierarchy to whom at one other member of the organizational hierarchy reports and an archiver/forwarder operable to receive an email message including an address identifying at least one of the plurality of mailing lists, access the mailing list to obtain email addresses for members of the mailing list, and send the email message to the obtained email addresses.

As electronic mail, or email, has become widespread, more and more organizations are relying on email for the bulk of their intra-organizational communications. As many organizations are organized hierarchically, it is useful to have the capability to send emails not only to individuals in the organizations, but to groups of individuals who make up sub-organizations within the hierarchy. This function may be performed by the use of mailing lists that include the appropriate individuals. Likewise, access to such information may be controlled by the use of access lists. However, information relating to the structure of the hierarchy, including the sub-organizations of the hierarchy and the included individuals, is typically kept in an organizational chart, or org-chart, which is separate from the mailing lists or access lists. When changes are made to the organization, whether changes in the individuals or changes in the structure of the hierarchy, these changes must be made to the org-chart and must also be reflected in the mailing lists and access lists. Currently, this requires manual updates to be made to the mailing lists and access lists. This manual updating is labor-intensive, time consuming, and expensive. A need arises for a technique by which changes in an organization can be automatically reflected in the organization's mailing lists and access lists.

Hierarchical org-chart based email mailing list maintenance


Memory controllers, devices, modules, systems and associated methods are disclosed. In one embodiment, a memory module includes a pin interface for coupling to a memory controller via a bus. The module includes at least two non-volatile memory devices, and a buffer disposed between the pin interface and the at least two non-volatile memory devices. The buffer receives non-volatile memory access commands from the memory controller that are interleaved with DRAM memory module access commands.

Successive generations of dynamic random access memory components (DRAM) have appeared in the marketplace with steadily shrinking lithographic feature size. As a result, the device storage capacity from each generation has increased. Further, each generation's interface signaling rate has also increased, due to improved transistor performance.
Unfortunately, one metric of memory system design that has not shown comparable improvement is the module capacity of a standard memory channel. This capacity has steadily eroded as signaling rates increase. Part of the reason for this is the link topology used in standard memory systems. When more modules are added to the system, signal integrity degrades, and the signaling rate must be reduced. Typical memory systems today are limited to just one or two modules when operating at the maximum signaling rate.
Unless improvements are made, future memory systems may be limited to a single rank of devices (or a single rank of device stacks) on a single module at the highest signaling rates.

High performance, non-volatile memory module


A laminated acoustic wave touch panel is shown and a method of making the panel is described using an adhesive barrier material. The adhesive barrier material is positioned between a substrate in which a shear wave is to propagate and a backplate in order to form a cavity between the substrate and backplate. An adhesive is injected into the cavity to laminate the substrate to the back plate. The use of the barrier material allows the laminated touch panel to be easily manufactured and allows the adhesive to be constrained to a desired area of the panel. The invention envisions the use of similar and dissimilar materials for the substrate and backplate. The velocity of a shear wave at a given frequency is greater in the backplate than in the substrate in the case where the materials are dissimilar and equal for a given frequency when the materials are the same.

Acoustic wave touch panels are known to include a substrate on which transducers are mounted in order to impart an acoustic wave traveling along a first axis of the panel and along a second axis of the panel that is perpendicular to the first axis. An array of reflective elements extends along each of the first and second axes. Each array of reflective elements reflects portions of the acoustic wave imparted into the panel along a number of parallel paths of differing lengths such that these parallel paths extend across a touch region of the panel.
Some acoustic waves require that the thickness of the substrate be thin in order to support the particular acoustic wave desired for propagation while minimizing unwanted higher order modes of the acoustic wave. One such bulk acoustic wave is a zeroth order horizontally polarized shear wave referred to as Zohps.
In order to increase the thickness of the touch panel it is known to laminate the substrate in which the shear wave is propagating to a backplate using a non-shear wave coupling adhesive. A suitable adhesive used to bond the substrate to the backplate for a shear touch panel is a silicone rubber adhesive which remains liquid-like even after curing. In order to make such a laminated panel, heretofore the liquid-like adhesive was applied to either the back surface of the substrate or the top surface of the backplate. Next, one edge of the substrate was brought into contact with one edge of the backplate with the planes of the substrate and backplate at an angle to each other. The gap between the substrate and the backplate was then closed with the same motion that one would use to close a book, the substrate and backplate being brought together slowly so as to prevent air bubbles from forming in the adhesive layer. While the method disclosed above accomplishes the broad objective of limiting if not preventing coupling between substrate and the backplate, an improved technique, particularly for the purposes of manufacturing in large quantities is needed in the lamination process. Advantageously, as opposed to the above described technique in which the adhesive is not properly constrained to any limited area of the touch panel, an improved technique would constrain the adhesive material to a limited area of the touch panel.


A system and method are disclosed for locating mobile objects in a distributed network having a large number of nodes connected by a communication network, each object supported by a stable storage server. The system uses either a two level or three level method to provide reliable and economical location of objects. The levels are increasingly expensive, but increasingly reliable. In the first level, address descriptors or forwarding addresses are used to retrace the mobile object's movements from node to node, each node ideally having an address descriptor indicating the location of the next node to which the object moved. If this strategy fails, the second level (which is more expensive and more reliable than the first) is used and includes accessing stable storage to find a current address descriptor for the object. If the object still cannot be located, the most expensive and most reliable level is used, i.e., a universal name service.

This invention relates to the location of objects in a distributed computer system.
Computer programs are contained in a defined portion of memory known as the address space of the program. A local procedure call ("LPC") is a well known mechanism for the transfer of control and data within a single address space. A remote procedure call ("RPC")is an extension of this mechanism to provide for transfers between different address spaces.
FIG. 1 shows a distributed system having nodes 1, 2, 3 . . . N, the nodes connected by some communication link 10 (e.g., coaxial cable (e.g. Ethernet), fiber optic link, modem and telephone lines, or anything that connects two nodes such that they can communicate). Each node is defined as one address space. (It should be noted, however, that a node can be defined as more than one address space.) Each node contains one or more application objects such as A.sub.1 and B.sub.1 at node 1, A.sub.2 at node 2, etc. The nodes are typically supported by stable or non-volatile storage servers 1, 2 . . . M. Each node also includes an RPC system 12, is included in a host system (not shown) and is supported by standard services not shown in FIG. 1, such as run time support and communication services, etc.
Application objects often need to "invoke" other objects, or locate other objects, usually for the purpose of performing some operation on the objects. An object can be invoked without performing any operation on the object if, for example, it is merely necessary to determine the object's location. (This is an unusual case and most invocations will be for the purpose of performing an operation on the object.) Application object A.sub.1 can invoke B.sub.1 with an LPC since both objects are contained in the same node. However, A.sub.1 must use an RPC to access objects at other nodes, such as A.sub.2. When using an RPC, the original or calling object (also called the "client") must indicate the location of the node to which the RPC is to be directed A node that accepts an RPC is known as a "server." The client typically identifies the server and establishes the relationship between the client and server. To accomplish this, the client must pass an explicit or implicit argument to every RPC. This argument is a data structure, known as a binding, that includes the address of the server and possibly additional information such as the communication protocol and data representation on its host.
It is generally a goal of an RPC implementation to make the semantics of an RPC as close as possible to those of an equivalent LPC. This enables programmers to write distributed applications (i.e., applications distributed among two or more nodes) without having to be aware of or take into account network protocols or external data representations.
Locating the proper server (i.e., locating invoked objects) is sometimes difficult and is a burden on the programmer. Several methods have been developed to reduce the burden of the binding step on the programmer by automating the location of the server to at least some extent.
One method is known as default binding, where the RPC system chooses the server, either non-deterministically, or in a way that depends on factors that are normally hidden from the client, such as network distance.
Location independent invocation ("LII")is a method of completely relieving the programmer of the burden of choosing the server. In other words, the programmer can treat an RPC in the same way as an LPC. LII can be implemented at the application level, in which an application dependent sub-routine package uses its knowledge of the call semantics to choose the server For example, in an environment in which a file name indirectly identifies the file server that stores the file, a file system "clerk" might be used to direct an RPC to the appropriate server.
In large distributed systems it is desirable to permit application objects to move between address spaces for a variety of reasons. For example, mobile objects increase availability and reconfigurability, will allow special capabilities of a particular machine to be utilized by moving the object to that machine, and may reduce communication costs. In addition, object mobility provides a convenient way for application data to be moved to the point where it is needed without the necessity of making a copy and keeping it consistent with the original
As an example of such a mobile object, consider an expense voucher circulating within a corporation over a large distributed network having many nodes (each node potentially corresponding to a user station). A form is filled in by an employee and electronically signed by different managers who approve or reject the expense reimbursement represented by the form. If appropriate, the accounting department will make a petty cash disbursement and then the form may be archived for tax and audit purposes. The people acting on the form may all be located in one building or may be at different locations throughout the world. Storing these forms at a central location is impractical since each person working on the form desires a short interactive response time. Sending commands over great distances to a central storage area would result in a slow response time and high communication costs. Therefore, it is desirable to move the object to the node most convenient to the current user.
Finding the proper server node becomes increasingly difficult when invoking mobile application objects. One solution is to inform all instances of the distributed application program of each move and of the new address of the object, so that, e.g., each can record the new location of the object.
Systems have also been developed that use "forwarding addresses" to locate objects that have moved. If an object moves from a first node to a second node, the first node stores a forwarding address that includes the location of the second node and the time that the object moved. Each forwarding address includes a time component so that if two forwarding addresses are obtained for the same object, the system can select the newer address and thereby obtain more current information on the object's location. The time can be real time or it can be given by the number of moves that an object has made. If one forwarding address has a "time" of 3 moves and another forwarding address for the same object has a "time" of 4 moves, then the second address must be more current than the first since the object's address after 4 moves must be more recent (or younger) than its address after three moves.
If the object moves several times, each old node will have the address of the next node to which the object moved thereby creating a "chain" that can be followed to locate the object.

Locating mobile objects in a distributed computer system


A method for restoring the visual appearance of a wire shelf, products employed in the method, and a kit containing the parts used for the restoration are provided for simplifying the process of altering the appearance of a wire shelf construction. The kit preferably includes a top surface covering having adjustable depth dimensions. A profile number is adapted preferably to engage in an edge of the top surface and the top surface and profile members are attached the underlying wire shelf to maintain the assembly in position.

This invention relates generally to shelf coverings, and more particularly, pertains to products, kits and method of application which may be utilized by a homeowner or other installer to upgrade the finished look of wire shelving, commonly found in homes and businesses. While the disclosure is specifically described in terms of wire shelving, those skilled in the art will recognize the wider applicability of the inventive principles disclosed hereinafter.
Wire shelves are commonly used in new building construction and appear, especially, in both closets and pantries in both residential and commercial buildings. Their popularity stems from their low-cost, easy removal from the closet or pantry, for example, and their light weight. Nevertheless, a number of problems have surfaced with this type of shelf. Because of the shelf construction using cross bars, for example, clothing rested upon the shelf can assume the pattern of the cross bars over time. That result is unacceptable to users even if they are not counted among the most fastidious dressers. Additionally, when certain types of a small base and/or tall items are placed upon the shelf, the spacing between the cross bars can cause the items to fall over. The problem can be more acute when small items are stored. If the items are fragile or not closed completely, unintended spillage of any stored contents may occur.
Regardless of these problems, many users, especially homeowners, find the shells unattractive per se. A substantial industry has developed for upgrading closets and pantries, for example, in which the shelves are removed and replaced with wood or imitation wood products. While replacement products work well for their intended purposes, they normally are expensive, limiting their market to users willing to bear the expense for improved looks.
The prior art discloses a number of attempts to solve the problems associated with wire shelves. In general, these solutions merely attempt to place something along the upper boundary of the shelf surface. The wire shelves themselves, come in a number of configurations. When used in closets, besides the shelf itself, a depending bar is provided for hanging articles of clothing below the shelf. When used in pantries, the shelf construction is modified to eliminate the depending bar. I have devised a unique combination of parts, preferably sold in kit form, which enables a homeowner or installer to enhance the appearance of a wire shelf regardless of the particular construction employed for the shelf. As later described in greater detail, the parts include or are available in three different lengths and in various colors. When assembled in a preferred kit form, each kit includes a length of a larger profile molding, a length of medium profile molding, and a length of small profile molding. In addition, aluminum clips and associated fastening devices, preferably screws, are employed to permit the profile molding to be attached securely to the wire shelf. The kit also includes an expandable plywood member which enables an installer to adjust what becomes the top of the wire shelf to varying wire shelf depths such that the plywood member to be adjusted to specific shelf depths up to 20 inches. The finished product substantially improves the appearance of the wire shelf, and the final result is comparable to the more expensive custom designs available in the market.

Wire shelf cover product, kit and method


A seatback fitting assembly is provided with means to allow the complete forward rotation of the seatback, while remaining anchored to the seat structure, upon an excessive dynamic load or force impact on the seatback. This is accomplished by the use of a structural "breakover" device operating within the fitting assembly, which restrains the seatback within a limited, "forward tilt" range of motion under normal conditions, but allows complete forward rotation once load forces above an allowable level act on the seatback to cause a restraining pin to shear. A friction brake or clutch arrangement is provided to inhibit tilting of the seatback at all times but does not prevent the complete forward rotation of the seatback.

This invention relates to fitting assemblies for anchoring aircraft passenger seatbacks to seat structures and more particularly, to a device which allows the seatback to rotate freely towards the seat structure, while remaining anchored to it, upon the application of an excessive external force on the seatback.
Seatback fitting assemblies must be safe, reliable and capable of positioning a passenger for comfort and safety for the duration of a flight. Under normal operating conditions, the entire seat configuration is subject to various loads and external forces, such as the weight and movement of an occupying passenger, or contact from others behind or near the seat.
Excessive dynamic loads on the seatback during a severe crash condition often exceed the structural strength required for normal operation and can contribute to the structural failure of the seatback. Further, under such crash conditions, the seatback is subject to being forcefully struck from behind by the head and/or body of another passenger, adding to any excessive dynamic load already acting on it. When such failure occurs, the seatback breaks off from the seat structure and carries itself dangerously into the cabin area. The torn seatback can become a missile causing serious injury, possibly lacerating passengers due to jagged edges formed in the torn anchorage. It could also hamper rapid evacuation of the aircraft. Thus, it is desireable that the seat remain structurally sound and that the seatback be capable of withstanding any excessive forces and remain anchored to the seat structure.
A variety of seatback fitting assemblies exist in the prior art. It is known for the fitting assemblies to have means for the seatback to be tilted forward within a limited range of motion, typically around fifteen degrees. This is accomplished by the use of a friction clutch, which normally retains the seatback in a fixed position, but may be overcome by a force exerted upon the seatback. The seatback may then be moved forward until the clutch mechanism prevents further tilt, typically by means of an "anchor point." This "tilt capability" is useful to expedite cleaning of the aircraft cabin, e.g., a cleaning crew member merely pushes the top of the seatback to move it into a forward tilt position, without needing to unlock the seatback from the fitting assembly. However, the seatback anchorage of those seats which feature this limited forward tilt capability may fail at load levels substantially lower than those experienced in a severe crash.
The present invention is directed at eliminating the safety problems experienced in the prior art due to the structural failure of seatbacks caused by excessive dynamic loads and/or passenger impacts under severe crash or similar conditions. Further, the present invention reduces the potential injuries to the occupant of a seat behind the seatback of this invention by limiting the reaction load experienced by such occupant impacting the seatback.


A process for conducting optical resolution of a racemic mixture of an amino acid derivatives and a process for preparing an optically active amino acid using a catalytic antibody enantioselectively hydrolyzing an amino acid ester derivative are provided. The catalytic antibody and hybridoma producing said antibody are also provided. The hybridomas in the present invention are typically produced by stimulation with an antigen comprising as a hapten a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein CBZ is N-benzyloxycarbonyl.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention belongs to the field of the art synthesizing optically active amino acids. Specifically, the present invention relates to a process for conducting enantioselective hydrolysis by utilizing catalytic antibodies. More specifically, the invention relates to processes for enantioselectively hydrolyzing amino acid ester derivatives with catalytic antibodies to effect optical resolution of racemic mixture of amino acid derivatives and to prepare optically active amino acids. Because the present invention allows very easy production of optically active amino acids having various substituted groups, it can contribute to basic studies on the function of living bodies, development of a novel medical drug containing optically active amino acids as an essential component, and development of methodologies for synthesizing various optically and physiologically active substances or functional compounds, which methodologies use optically active amino acids in synthesizing processes.
2. Description of the Related Art
Proteins, a primary component of the living body, are constructed with optically active amino acids, which makes a chiral environment in the living body. Therefore, many of the physiologically active substances including medical drugs are optically active substances, and it is known that bioactivity is found only in either one of enantiomers, or difference in bioactivity is observed between the enantiomers. Accordingly, developing a methodology for obtaining optically active substances is one of the targets of investigations.
The simplest process usually performed to obtain an optically active amino acid derivatives is optical resolution of racemic mixture of amino acid derivatives. The process for optical resolution includes a process employing an enzyme (e.g. a kinetic optical resolution using aminoacylase, lipase and the like) and a process forming a diastereomer, or the like. However, most suitable process must be selected depending on a particular amino acid to be resolved, because there is no common process effective for all the amino acids having a variety of substituted groups.
In such a situation as mentioned above, the inventors of the present invention have succeeded in developing a process for performing optical resolution of racemic mixture of amino acid derivatives, using catalytic antibodies, which is applicable for any amino acids. Although reactions using catalytic antibodies usually have drawbacks in that the catalytic antibodies have substrate specificity, and therefore, they have only limited applicablity, the present inventors have overcome such drawbacks by developing catalytic antibodies which enantioselectively hydrolyze ester derivatives of racemic mixture of any amino acid derivatives to produce corresponding optically active amino acids.

Catalytic antibodies enantioselectively hydrolysing amino acid ester derivatives


A system includes an energy management system configured to be communicatively coupled with a communication system of a vehicle that travels on a trip along a route. The energy management system is configured to be removably coupled with the communication system such that the energy management system is mechanically disengageable from the communication system. The energy management system is further configured to receive data parameters from the communication system and to generate at least one of a trip plan or a control message for the vehicle based on the data parameters. The trip plan and/or the control message dictates tractive and braking efforts of the vehicle during the trip. The energy management system is configured to communicate the trip plan and/or the control message to the communication system for the communication system to implement for controlling movement of the vehicle during the trip.

Certain vehicles (e.g., powered vehicles or vehicle consists) include communication systems that periodically obtain measurements related to the health, operations, or control of the vehicle. For example, locomotives in a rail vehicle consist ("consist" referring to a group of vehicles linked to travel together along a route, including possible coordinated control by one or more wired and/or wireless connections) may include communication systems that periodically receive measurements related to operations of the locomotive, such as speed, horsepower, temperature, brake pressure measurements, and the like. These measurements represent data parameters of the vehicle, and the values of the data parameters may periodically change. For example, measurements of speed of a traction motor may be a first data parameter, measurements of brake pressures may be a second data parameter, and so on.
The values of the data parameters may be requested and used by computerized services or applications running on the vehicle and/or running off-board the vehicle. These services or applications perform various functions based on the data parameters. For example, the services or applications may control tractive operations and/or braking operations of the vehicle, monitor performance of the vehicle over time, record events of the vehicle, and the like. The systems that acquire the data parameters and that are native to the vehicle, such as the systems that are initially installed in the vehicle, may use a communication protocol to form and communicate data messages that include the values of the data parameters. Other services or applications may use a different communication protocol that uses a different format to communicate and/or use the data messages that include the data parameters.
The different protocols used to communicate with the various systems, services, and applications can require different communication configurations to be used. For example, in order for a single device to communicate with systems, services, and/or applications using different communication protocols, the single device may need to have different communication configurations stored thereon. The communication configurations can dictate the rules and criteria used for communicating with the systems, services, and/or applications according to the different protocols.
In some known vehicles, in order to allow for communication between a device and the systems, services, and/or applications that use different protocols to communicate, the various communication configurations must be previously stored on-board the device and the device must be manually configured to communicate with the systems, services, and/or applications. If one or more systems, services, or applications are changed or swapped out, the configuration of the device may need to be manually re-configured to allow for communication between the device and a new system, service, or application that uses a different protocol.
A need exists for a system and method that allows for different systems, services, applications, and the like in a vehicle and using different communication protocols to communicate with a device without requiring the manual re-configuration of the device each time a system, service, application, and the like, using a different communication protocol, is added to the vehicle.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Data communication system and method for communicating data in a vehicle


An eye measurement apparatus includes: a subjective measurement optical system configured to subjectively measure an examinee's eye, the subjective measurement optical system including: a chart to be presented to the examinee's eye; and a glare light source for irradiating the examinee's eye with a glare light; and a control part configured to determine presence or absence of opacity in a light transmitting part of the examinee's eye and, when the presence of opacity is determined, to allow display of necessity for a glare test which is a subjective measurement to be performed in a state that the examinee's eye is irradiated with the glare light.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to an eye measurement apparatus for measuring an examinee's eye.
2. Related Art
An apparatus such as an auto-refractometer has been known to objectively measure an eye refractive power of an examinee's eye by projecting a measurement light flux to a fundus of the eye and receiving the light reflected thereby.
There is an eye refractive power measurement apparatus including an optical system for glare test. Such an apparatus is disclosed in JP-A-7-16205.


A heterojunction bipolar transistor with InGaP as the emitter layer and capable of both reliable electrical conduction and thermal stability wherein a GaAs layer is inserted between the InGaP emitter layer and AlGaAs ballast resistance layer, to prevent holes reverse-injected from the base layer from diffusing and reaching the AlGaAs ballast resistance layer.

The rapidly growing demand for mobile communications equipment has spurred intensive research and development work on power amplifiers used in communications equipment. Semiconductor transistors utilized in mobile communications equipment power amplifiers include heterojunction bipolar transistors (hereafter abbreviated to HBT), field effect transistors (hereafter abbreviated to FET), and SiMOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductors) FET, etc. Among these semiconductor transistors, the HBT possesses features including excellent linear input/output characteristics, operation only on a positive supply voltage, not requiring a negative power generation circuit and components, and a high output power density, as well as a low cost and compact space-saving size due to a small chip surface area. The HBT is therefore a main type transistor oriented to mobile communications equipment for power amplifiers.
However, the HBT has the problem of unstable operation due to heat in a phenomenon called thermal runaway. To deal with this problem, a stabilizing resistor called a ballast resistor is used to stabilize the operation. One means stable operation via a ballast resistance utilized an AlGaAs ballast resistor layer over the InGaP emitter layer. This technology was disclosed in the re-publication of WO98/53502, Table 1 (patent document 1).
[Patent Document 1] WO98/53502 (Table 1)
The technology disclosed in WO98/53502 had the problem of reliability in electrical conduction to the device. In other words, a drastic deterioration in device characteristics occurred in HBT containing an AlGaAs ballast resistor layer on top of an InGaP emitter layer. On the other hand, the problem of unstable operation due to thermal runaway as described above occurred when this type of ballast layer was not used.

Heterojunction bipolar transistor and method for manufacturing the same, and power amplifier using the same


A process for preparing detergent particles containing step (I): mixing a base particle for supporting a surfactant ((a) component), and a surfactant composition ((b) component), under mixing conditions wherein the (a) component does not substantially undergo breakdown, to give a mixture; wherein the base particle is obtained by spray-drying an aqueous slurry, wherein the mixing operation is carried out by using a mixer containing agitation impellers, and where the mixer further contains disintegration impellers, the mixing operation step (I) is carried out without substantially rotating the disintegration impellers; and step (II): mixing the mixture obtained in step (I) with 5 to 100 parts by weight of fine powder, while substantially maintaining the shape of the (a) component containing (b) component, to give detergent particles, having a degree of particle growth of 1.3 or less, and a bulk density of 500 g/L or more.

A process in which a liquid surfactant such as a nonionic surfactant is used for a powder detergent includes a process of supporting a liquid surfactant on a powder.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Sho 52-110710 discloses a granular detergent comprising a liquid or liquefiable organic substance contained in an inner portion of base material beads having porous outer surface and skeletal inner structure, wherein a nonionic surfactant is not substantially present on the beads surface. However, in this technique, the beads cannot include liquid ingredients in amounts of not less than an oil-absorbable amount, and moreover, liquids are more likely to remain on the particle surface as the amount of the surfactant formulated increases, thereby making its flowability poor. Therefore, the amount of the surfactant formulated by this technique cannot be increased.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 5-209200 discloses a process for preparing a nonionic detergent particle, comprising using, as raw materials for detergents, a mixture comprising a nonionic surfactant as a main base material; forming a deposition layer of the raw materials for detergents on a wall of an agitation mixer comprising agitation impellers and having a clearance between the agitation impellers and the mixer wall; and granulating with increasing a bulk density by the agitation impellers. However, in this technique, the process is complicated, and as the amount of a surfactant formulated varies, the particle size of the detergent particle varies. Further, in this technique, as a matter of course, the deposition of the raw materials for detergents in the mixer is remarkable, which may cause variations in the particle size and the bulk density of the detergent particle depending upon the deposition conditions.
Further, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 10-176200 discloses a process for preparing nonionic detergent granules comprising previously mixing a nonionic surfactant, a water-soluble, nonionic, organic compound having a melting point of 45° C. or more, and an acid precursor of a fatty acid or the like, to give a liquid mixture; and granulating a mixture of the resulting liquid mixture with raw materials for detergents, with tumbling with an agitation mixer, thereby increasing its bulk density. However, the fatty acid reacts in the nonionic surfactant by contacting the liquid mixture with an alkalizing agent, thereby causing gelation (nonionic surfactant/soap gel). Therefore, the surfactant composition comprising a nonionic surfactant is less likely be absorbed and embedded in powder raw materials having supporting ability, and the powder raw materials are aggregated with the gelated product acting as a binder, whereby the granulation proceeds. In other words, in the above process, the granulation proceeds without sufficiently exhibiting its supporting ability, even when using powder raw materials having supporting ability in the powder raw materials, so that a large amount of the surfactant cannot be formulated. When a large amount of the surfactant is to be formulated, granules having sizes outside of the desired particle size ranges are formed, so that it tends to be disadvantageous in the dissolubility.
Therefore, in order to produce products having stable quality, it is very important to construct a process for preparing powder detergents for obtaining products having stable quality with respect to the variation in the amount of the nonionic surfactant formulated. Especially, although a powder detergent having a high liquid surfactant content is excellent in the deterging performance, it has been difficult to produce a product having stable quality for the reasons given above, and the problem of adversely changing powder properties by containing a large amount thereof has not been solved thereby.
Accordingly, a first object of the present invention is to provide in a process for preparing detergent particles comprising a surfactant composition, the process for obtaining detergent particles in high yield capable of easily adjusting an average particle size and a particle size distribution by selection of base particles in a simple preparation process, wherein the variations of the average particle size and the particle size distribution of the detergent particles are small with respect to the variation of the amount of the surfactant composition formulated. Further, a second object of the present invention is to provide a process for preparing detergent particles which are excellent in powder properties, such as flowability, of the detergent particles, and are capable of formulating a large amount of the surfactant composition. Further, a third object of the present invention is to provide in a process for preparing detergent particles comprising a nonionic surfactant, the process for preparing detergent particles having a large surfactant content in a simple preparation process, excellent dissolubility, and being excellent in the suppression of exudation of the nonionic surfactant and in the anti-caking property. These objects and other objects of the present invention will be apparent from the following description.

Process for producing detergent particles


Methods of forming a contact structure in a semiconductor device include providing a semiconductor substrate including active regions and word lines crossing the active regions. A first interlayer dielectric layer is formed on the semiconductor substrate. Direct contact plugs are formed extending through the first interlayer dielectric layer to contact selected ones of the active regions. Bit line structures are formed on the first interlayer dielectric layer and crossing the word lines that are coupled to the selected ones of the active regions by the direct contact plugs. A second interlayer dielectric layer is formed on the semiconductor substrate including the bit line structures. Barrier patterns are formed extending in parallel with bit line structures and into the second interlayer dielectric layer. Mask patterns are formed overlying an entirety of top surfaces of the direct contact plugs on the second interlayer dielectric layer and the bit line structures. The second and first interlayer dielectric layers are etched using the mask patterns, the barrier patterns and the bit line structures as an etching mask to form buried contact holes and buried contact plugs are formed in the buried contact holes.

The present invention relates to semiconductor devices and methods of forming the same, and more particularly, to a contact structure in semiconductor devices and methods of forming the same.
As semiconductor devices become more highly integrated, it is generally more difficult to ensure stable operations of transistors therein. A recess channel array transistor (RCAT) has been introduced as a transistor structure addressed to improving problems, such as a short channel effect, while reducing the size of a transistor.
In the RCAT, a gate electrode is typically positioned to protrude upward from a semiconductor substrate. As a result, it may be difficult to perform subsequent processes, such as a contact plug formation process and a planarization process, due to the protruded gate electrode. An upper corner of a recessed channel region may cause the generation of a leakage current due to a field crowding effect. Also, a difficult patterning process is typically required to form the protruded gate electrode.
Studies on a buried channel array transistor (BCAT) have been conducted to address the aforementioned problems. For example, a semiconductor device having buried word lines is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,770,535(B2), entitled "Semiconductor integrated circuit device and process for manufacturing the same" to Yamada, et al.
In the BCAT, a gate electrode is typically buried in a semiconductor substrate. A capping pattern is formed on the buried gate electrode. The capping pattern is generally formed to have the same level as a top surface of the semiconductor substrate. That is, the buried gate electrode is formed to have a lower level than the top surface of the semiconductor substrate due to the capping pattern. Source/drain regions are generally formed in the semiconductor substrate on both sides of the buried gate electrode.
Semiconductor devices, such as dynamic random access memories (DRAMs), may include a plurality of BCATs. These semiconductor devices typically include interconnections between components thereof, such as bit lines and capacitor electrodes that act as storage nodes. For example, a semiconductor substrate having the BCAT is typically covered by a lower interlayer dielectric layer. The bit lines are generally arranged on the lower interlayer dielectric layer. The bit line generally is connected to a selected one of a plurality of source/drain regions through a direct contact plug. The direct contact plug may be formed in a contact hole extending through the lower interlayer dielectric layer.
An upper interlayer dielectric layer is generally formed that covers the bit lines. Buried contact plugs may be formed to sequentially pass through the upper and lower interlayer dielectric layers and then contact the source/drain regions at both sides of the bit lines. Storage nodes may be formed on the buried contact plugs.
BCATs generally have a reduced structure as compared with the RCATs. As such, methods of forming a contact plug used for RCATs may not be directly applied to BCATs. In particular, a patterning process having a relatively high degree of difficulty may be needed for forming contact holes in BCATs. The more difficult patterning process may cause degradation of production efficiency and an increase of manufacturing costs for the BCATs.

Methods of forming contact structures semiconductor devices