A method and system that enable an automatic invocation of device functionalities on devices in a network. Invocation mechanisms are provided to support heterogeneous invocation mechanisms including new invocation mechanisms. Invocation mechanisms using scripts can be added without the need for recompilation of support systems such as home-networking middleware systems. This further enables the use of scripts that can coordinate the use of multiple devices in accomplishing a task.

Electronic devices such a consumer electronics (CE) devices utilize a variety of approaches for invocation of their functionalities (e.g., UPnP, Jini). As new devices and technologies become available, new invocation mechanisms are required to operate these devices.
In existing approaches, the logic/code that performs device invocation is introduced during the design of a device or a design of the networked devices. New features such as support for invoking device functionalities are provided by introducing new code.
A shortcoming of such conventional approaches is that different devices provide different sets of application programming interfaces (APIs) for invocation of their functionalities. Even devices of the same class can differ in the way their functionalities are invoked.
Further, in network systems such as home-networking middleware systems, all of the different invocation mechanisms have to be incorporated during the design phase. As a result, the devices that the existing middleware systems can operate are fixed during the design phase, and are not easily expandable. As new devices and technologies become available, new interfaces are needed for invoking device functionalities. Conventionally, the middleware system has to be redesigned to invoke these new devices/technologies. Redesigning the existing middleware system requires writing new code. Further, the middleware system must be recompiled and reinstalled for the new code to take effect in the system. However, in CE devices (e.g., CD player, VCR, TV, DVD player, PVR, STB), unlike personal computers (PCs), installing new programs and updating existing programs is difficult due to scant support for such actions. Even if such support exists, it is not standardized for all CE devices.
Given the heterogeneity of CE devices, introducing a new invocation mechanism conventionally has been very difficult. There is, therefore, a need for a method and system that allows invocation of functionalities for new devices and technologies without requiring redesign or recoding of invocation mechanisms in electronic devices.

Method and system for automated invocation of device functionalities in a network


There is provided a heat treatment apparatus, including: a processing container configured to perform a heat treatment on substrates accommodated in the processing container; a heating unit configured to cover an outer circumference of the processing container with a predetermined space defined the heating unit and the processing container; a discharge pipe installed outside of the processing container and within the predetermined space, and configured to communicate with an interior of the processing container to discharge an exhaust gas from the interior of the processing container; and a heat insulating member configured to cover a circumference of the discharge pipe.

A heat treatment apparatus which performs a heat treatment on a plural sheets of substrates held by a holding unit while flowing an inert gas upward from below into a vertical processing container with a heating unit installed therearound, has been known. This heat treatment apparatus includes: a gas supply system which is installed in a lower end portion of the processing container to supply an inert gas; a gas supply header unit installed to flow the inert gas in a circumference direction of the processing container; and a gas introduction unit installed in the gas supply header unit to supply the inert gas into the processing container.
In this configuration, since the gas supply header is installed along an outer circumferential wall of the heated processing container, the introduced inert gas may be supplied into the processing container, while being heated. When the inert gas is introduced at a level of normal temperature, a cold spot is generated. This condenses a vaporized gas containing a photosensitizing agent included in a photoresist which is applied onto a surface of a substrate, thus causing a phenomenon in which a powder or liquid deposit adheres to a lower portion of the processing container. The conventional heat treatment apparatus suppresses the adhesion of the deposit to the lower portion of the processing container.
In addition, the vaporized gas which is obtained when moisture, solvent or the like included in the photoresist is vaporized during a heat treatment, is carried together with the inert gas when the inert gas introduced from the gas supply header unit flows upward from below within the processing container. Subsequently, the vaporized gas reaches a ceiling portion of the processing container, followed by being discharged to the outside through an exhaust pipe installed to communicate with an upper portion of the processing container.
However, although the conventional heat treatment apparatus suppresses the deposit from adhering to the lower portion of the processing container while the processing container is being heated, it fails to suppress the deposit from being generated while the processing container is not heated after the processing is terminated.
In particular, recently, it is sometimes the case that, from the viewpoint of improving productivity, a cooling process is applied to initiate a subsequent heat treatment after the termination of the current heat treatment in a short period of time, without waiting for a natural cooling of the heat treatment apparatus. To do this, the cooling process uses a cooling unit to positively cooling down the processing container by an air cooling from the surrounding of the processing container. In the cooling process, an exhaust gas generated from the processing container is condensed within an exhaust pipe due to residual heat obtained when the heat treatment is terminated or after the heat treatment is terminated, so that the condensate adheres to the interior of the exhaust pipe.

Heat treatment apparatus and heat treatment method


A sandwich immunoassay kit for detecting ciguatoxins based on a combination of two anti-ciguatoxin CTX3C monoclonal antibodies produced by hybridomas, 3D11 (deposited at IPOD, AIST under accession number FMRM PB-8293) and 10C9 (FMRM PB-8292). In particular, one of the antibodies is labeled and each of them binds specifically to a different site of ciguatoxin CTX3C.

The investigation of marine toxins by immunoassay, in particular ciguatoxins, was initiated from around 1977 along with the development of radioimmunoassay. Ciguatera poisons can be collected in a trace amounts from nature. For example, from 850 moray eels, namely from 4 tons of moray eels, only 0.35 mg of main poisonous constituent ciguatoxin is collected. And also, since it is difficult to produce ciguatoxin by cultivation, production of antibodies against ciguatoxins has been hampered. Hokama et al. of Hawaii University prepared a protein conjugate by coupling of ciguatoxin (1 μg) with human serum albumin by carbodiimido method and immunized on mice with said conjugate as an antigen, and elicited a monoclonal antibody (Toxicon Vol. 15, 1977, page 317) that bound to ciguatoxin. However, the antibody exhibited strong cross-reactivity with okadaic acid, and the difference of affinity is only about 5 times (Journal of Clinical Laboratory analysis Vol. 6, 1992, page 54). Furthermore, the antibody showed cross-reactivity with brevetoxins, maitotoxin or palytoxin (Journal of AOAC International Vol. 81, 1998, page 727), however, detailed deta has not been reported. A reagent or a kit (Cigua Check TM) for the detection of fishes polluted with ciguatoxins by an immunoassay has been developed utilizing the Hokama's antibody.
At the earlier stage, the inventors of the present invention synthesized ABC ring fragment, the left end of ciguatoxin, and prepared three kinds of monoclonal antibodies using protein conjugate obtained by utilizing the ABC ring fragment as a synthetic hapten, however, these monoclonal antibodies showed very weak affinity to ciguatoxin (Synthesis, 1999, page 1431). Other groups have also examined the immunization of protein conjugates of synthetic hapten (JKLM ring fragment), however, they have not succeed to prepare monoclonal antibody yet (Toxicon Vol. 38, 2000, page 669).
In the above circumstance, the inventors of the present invention have designed and synthesized a synthetic hapten derived from IJKLM ring fragment, which is a partial structure of right end of ciguatoxin CTX3C. The inventors also have established a hybridoma (deposited under the accession number FMRM PB-8293) by immunization of mice with a protein conjugate of the synthetic hapten and thereby have succeeded to produce a monoclonal antibody, which has high specificity to ciguatoxin CTX3C, using said hybridoma. And said monoclonal antibody is named as 3D11 [Deposit date at IPOD (International Patent Organism Depositary), AIST (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology) was Mar. 5, 2002 and was deposited by request for transference according to Budapest convention on Feb. 13, 2003 under accession number FMRM PB-8293]. Dissociation constant of said monoclonal antibody 3D11 to ciguatoxin CTX3C is 122 nm. Further, the cross-reactivity of said antibody with structurally related polycyclic ether type marine toxins was investigated. Very weak cross-reactivity of the antibody 3D11 with red-tide toxin brevetoxins was detected, in which the affinity with brevetoxin was less than one 350th of the Kd value compared to that with CTX3C.
Further, as the synthetic hapten which is used in order to obtain monoclonal antibody of ciguatoxins, conjugate is synthesized by conjugating the derivative prepared by introducing carboxylic acid linker to C16 site of ABC ring fragment of ciguatoxin with BSA or KLH which are carrier proteins, emulsified the conjugate in RIBI adjuvant and injected the emulsified conjugate to five Balb/c mice for 4 times and immunized these mice, then spleen is picked out from these mice, cells of said spleen are fused with myeloma cells, P3X63-Ag8.653, and obtain said antibody and reaction specificity of the antibody to the synthetic hapten is estimated (Synthesis 1999, No. SI. 1431-1436 ISSN 0039-7881). That is, using ciguatoxins, in particular, partial structure of ciguatoxin CTX3C, study of synthetic hapten using a part of ring fragment of synthetic ciguatoxin used for the production of monoclonal antibody which is useful for the investigation of ciguatoxin CTX3C by immunological method is carried out. Concerning above mentioned study, the inventors of the present invention has continued designing a synthetic hapten through which can be obtained monoclonal antibody whose affinity to ciguatoxin is further improved. Further, since ciguatoxin is a large molecular whose molecule length is approximately 3 nano meter, ABCDE ring fragment, which is the partial structure of left-hand terminus of ciguatoxin, is designed as the hapten and investigated the method for approach for the synthesis. By the method to immunize a mouse with the protein conjugate of this synthetic hapten, above mentioned hybridoma 10C9 deposited under accession number FERM PB-8292 [Deposit date at the IPOD (International Patent Organism Depositary), AIST (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology) was Mar. 5, 2002 and was deposited by request for transference according to Budapest convention on Feb. 13, 2003 under accession number FMRM PB-8292] is prepared, and succeeded to produce above mentioned one monoclonal antibody which has high specificity to ciguatoxins using said hybridoma.
The subject of the present invention is basically to provide a kit to detect ciguatoxins by sandwich method whose detective feature is more improved by using combination of two kinds of monoclonal antibodies. Further, for the purpose to accomplish said basic subject, the subject of the present invention is to provide two kinds of hybridomas which produce each monoclonal antibody to obtain said kit, two kinds of synthetic haptens useful to obtain each hybridoma and synthetic hapten-protein conjugates useful to obtain hybridoma which produce said monoclonal antibody prepared by combining the synthetic hapten to carrier protein.
As the first step, for the purpose to produce two kinds of monoclonal antibodies used for the sandwich method, two kinds of novel compounds used as synthetic haptens, one of them having IJKLM ring of composing ciguatoxin CTX3C and the other having ABCDE ring fragment of CTX3C are respectively synthesized.
Then, by immunizing with each protein-hapten product obtained by reacting each synthetic hapten with carrier protein, hybridoma which produce each monoclonal antibody reacting specifically to ciguatoxins CTX3C is obtained. And to one of said monoclonal antibody a labeling compound is bonded and by combining the labeled monoclonal antibody with other non labeled monoclonal antibody, sandwich immunoassay kit which can reduce false positive remarkably can be obtained and the technical concept of said sandwich immunoassay kit is established.

Sandwich immunoassay kits for detecting ciguatoxin CTX3C


Procedures to produce a biologically active human TPO by mammalian cells in in vitro cultures are disclosed. Murine myeloma cells were genetically modified by introducing the gene of human thrombopoietin through a DNA construction which includes an immunoglobulin promoter associated to an immunoglobulin enhancer. The hTPO obtained is useful with methods of stimulating proliferation or development of hematopoietic cells of the megakaryocytic leneage in vitro and in vivo.

In every normal adult, blood cells are produced at the bone marrow from stem cells through a process called "hematopoiesis". After several steps of proliferation and differentiation, those progenitor pluripotent cells are capable of autoduplicating without differentiating themselves (endoduplication/autoreplication) or capable of generating a series of progenitor cells grouped in 4 principal ways of differentiation: a) erythroid (red blood cells or erythrocytes); b) myeloid (polimorphonuclear leucocytes and monocytes); c) lymphoid (lymphocytes) and d) megakaryiotic (generator of megakaryocytes/platelets). The quantity and cellular type produced by the bone marrow is a process finely regulated by a complex network of cytokines or growth factors that act via membrane-bound receptors on the target cells. These cytokines include a heterogeneous group of growth factors including interleukins (among others TNF-α, IL-3, IL-6, IL-8 e IL-11) and glycoproteic hormones called "Colony Stimulating Factors" (Granulocyte Colony stimulating factors and Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony stimulating factors [G-CSF y GM-CSF respectively]); Erythropoietin as stimulation factor of erythrocyte progenitors and Thrombopoietin as stimulator of platelet progenitors.
An increased knowledge of hematopoiesis and its regulation has lead to the use of diverse hematopoietic cytokines in medical treatment. In this way, medical treatments have been included based on:                Erythropoietin (EPO) for the treatment of secondary anemia in chronic kidney failure.        Colony stimulating factors (G-CSF y GM-CSF) to accelerate the recovery of the immune system in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or those receiving a bone marrow transplant.        IL-2 and Interferon-α Both have been widely used in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents. Interferons are being used, with certain success, in the treatment of chronic hepatitis, as well as IL-2 in AIDS associated to antiretroviral agents.
The circulating blood platelets are produced in the bone marrow and play a crucial role in blood coagulation. Platelets adhere to sites of tissue damage and recruit others to aggregate with it to form the "primary hemostatic plug". In addition, it serves as the surface upon which the coagulation factors are activated to produce a fibrin clot. In the absence of platelets, both of these functions are deficient and bleeding ensues (1). The generation of platelets implies proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells, into megakaryocytic cells which will generate the mature platelets (thrombocytes) that normally circulate in peripheral blood.
The physiological process by which platelets are generated requires the presence of factors called "Thrombocytopoietic" as growth and development factors from the megakaryocytic-lineage. In clinical medicine, the decrease of the number of platelets (thrombocytopenia) is a great complication related to two relevant situations: a) diseases that affect the normal generation of platelets (primary thrombocytopenia) and B) as a result of complications derived form therapeutic treatment in cancer patients or patients that have received a bone marrow transplant (secondary thrombocytopenia). The increased risk of hemorrhages in these patients actually requires the administration of platelet concentrates from normal donors with the associated biological risk (allergies, infections, immune hypersensitivity). From the early description in 1958, of a thrombopoietin activity in thrombocytopenic animals by Kelemen and cols. (2), we had to wait until 1994 in order to identify that factor, that was purified and cloned by several groups, as a glycoprotein capable of binding the cellular receptor Mpl (oncogene responsible of the murine myeloproliferative leukemia virus) (3) that was identified as Thrombopoietin (alternatively called: c-Mpl ligand; Megapoietin or Megakaryocyte Growth and Development Factor (MGDF)) able to specifically stimulate the megakaryocytopoiesis or thrombocytopoiesis (4-8). Other factors with thrombocytopoietic activity have been described (9), including IL-6 and IL-11 although they are not specific and have pleiothropic actions. The administration of high doses of IL-11 and IL-6 isolatedly, have resulted in low increments of circulating platelets (10) The gene of Human Thrombopoietin (hTPO) has been localized as a single copy, to chromosome 3 (3q26-27). It codifies for a protein of 353 amino acids (open reading frame of 10590 base pairs), including a signal peptide of 21 amino acids (aa) (63 base pairs). The mature protein has 332 aa (996 bp) and an estimated molecular weight of 38 kDa (not glycosilated). It has 6 N-glycosilation sites in order to generate a complete glycosilated protein of 70-80 kDa and a cleavage site, between arginines 153 and 154, where the protein is divided into two domains: a) a highly glycosilated c-terminal domain without homology with known proteins, and b) an EPO-like or N-terminal domain of 153 aa with 23% of identity with EPO. Allowing for conservative aa substitutions, sequence conservation approaches 50%. It is important to highlight that the non-glycosilated form has complete activity in vitro but not in vivo due to a decreased stability and a quick depuration in the circulation. Besides the native molecule (70-80 kDa), several forms of circulating TPO have been described, as a result of its partial proteolysis consisting of forms of 30,25 and 18 kDa, all truncated at the C-terminal domain (9, 11 and 12).
At present, the only factor with thrombocytopoietic activity available and approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) is the human recombinant IL-11.

Methods for preparing human thrombopoietin polypeptides by mammalian cell cultures


In an approach for refining data for an impact analysis, a computer receives a selection of source code and impact analysis criteria, wherein the impact analysis criteria includes at least a time frame. The computer determines a subset of the selected source code, the subset within a time frame specified by the selected impact analysis criteria. The computer returns results based on the selected impact analysis criteria, wherein the results include the subset of the selected source code.

The present invention relates generally to the field of software analysis, and more particularly to refining data understanding through impact analysis.
Software is developed for a variety of purposes, typically to meet client requirements, a perceived need, or for personal use. Software development employs a software development methodology, either a software development life cycle (i.e., plan describing how to develop, maintain, and replace software) or agile methodology (i.e., iterative and incremental collaborative process of cross-functional teams). Examples of software development life cycle methodologies include: waterfall (i.e., sequential development), spiral (i.e., combination of design and prototyping), and incremental (i.e., breaking a project into smaller segments). Types of agile methodologies include: rapid application development (i.e., minimal planning with rapid prototyping), adaptive software development (i.e., repeating series of speculate, collaborate, and learn cycles), and dynamic system development method (i.e., iterative and incremental with continuous user/customer involvement).
Software development involves designing, programming, testing, and maintaining of source code from inception to completion of a software program. Programming involves the creation of a software program through written source code. Source code is a collection of computer instructions written in a computer language which specifies actions to be performed by a computer device to achieve the requirements. Once a software program is developed, computer programmers can employ a combination of different types of software testing (e.g., static or dynamic testing) to verify requirements are met and to eliminate unforeseen errors. Static testing verifies the code structure, syntax, and data flow. Dynamic testing executes the software program code with a given set of test cases verifying functionality. At the successful completion of software testing, a software program is then released to use in the manner it was developed and may be enhanced or maintained over time.
After development and release, software programs may evolve through technology changes, maintenance, enhancements, and innovation. To evaluate ramifications of a planned or incorporated change, an impact analysis may be employed on the software. Impact analysis includes a collection of techniques for determining the effects of a proposed or implemented change on other parts of software. Impact analysis supports the comprehension, implementation, and evaluation of changes within a software program by identifying what is affected, where source code changes need to be made, and why a change should be made by analyzing program syntax and focusing on the source code.

Refining data understanding through impact analysis

International Business Machines Corporation


A lading storage device is provided for more effectively utilizing the interior of the storage device. The storage device comprises a pair of at least generally opposed walls and a retractable lading support on each of the walls. The retractable lading supports are in opposed relation to each other and each comprise a retractable support member. Typically, each retractable support member is movable between an extended position, wherein the retractable support member extends into an interior of the lading storage device, and a retracted position, wherein the retractable support member is generally upright. Preferably, at least one of the walls includes a recess in a portion of the wall, wherein the retractable lading support is disposed within the recess when the retractable lading support is in its retracted position. A method of using the lading storage device is also provided.

Numerous examples exist of lading storage devices such as, for example, railroad cars, trucks, trailers, cargo containers and the like. Such devices have an interior space in which to store lading (freight). It is known in the art to support and separate lading within the interior storage space by panels or shelves which create a two-tiered storage system. However, construction of such two-tiered systems often requires components, such as rails, brackets, and supports, which project into the limited interior space and which interfere with uses of the interior space that do not require two tiers. Furthermore, lading is often shipped long distances, as in, for example, cross country. Therefore, efficient use of the interior lading volume is important to maximize the benefit of time and money expended, maximize the amount of lading delivered, and to facilitate rapid loading and unloading of the transported lading. Therefore, there is a need for an improved lading storage device and a method which enables more efficient use of the interior space of the lading storage device.


A fuel pump module supports a port injection (PI) fuel pump and a direct injection (DI) fuel pump by utilizing a combination structure of a pump case for housing the PI fuel pump and an other pump case for housing the DI pump case. The two pump cases are combined via a support part. The support part includes an outer wall of a cylinder part of the pump case which extends outwardly toward a radially-outer portion thereof. The cylinder part houses the PI fuel pump. The support part has a C-shape, and supports the other pump case which houses the DI fuel pump, a DI filter and the like. As a result, the fuel pump module has a fewer number of parts and a reduced volume.

Conventionally, a fuel pump module may utilize a plurality of fuel pumps with each fuel pump having respectively different discharge pressures according to an engine operation state, for achieving a high output of the engine and/or for an improvement of the fuel mileage. That is, a patent document 1 (i.e., Japanese Patent No.: JP-A-2009-228653) discloses a fuel pump module that includes a main pump, a sub-pump, a filter that removes foreign substance from the fuel discharged from the main and/or sub-pumps, a subtank having a cylindrical shape with a bottom attached thereto and housing the main pump and the like, and a cover member that covers an opening of the subtank and supports the main pump and the like.
When the plurality of fuel pumps having respectively different discharge pressures are selectively used, preferably, each of the plurality of fuel pumps should have its own filter. In such case, the size of the subtank must be sufficiently large for housing the plurality of fuel pumps and accompanying filters, thereby increasing the size of the cover member and the size of the pump module.

Fuel pump module and method of manufacturing the same


An ink jet printer is disclosed, which jets a water-soluble ink from a recording head comprising at least an ink passage-forming member and an orifice through the orifice to form flying droplets which form a dot image on a recording medium, wherein at least a portion of the ink passage-forming member is composed of borosilicate glass and the water-soluble ink comprises at least one of urea and thiourea. Further, an ink for use in the ink jet printer is also disclosed.

The inventors have heretofore proposed a process for obtaining an ink jet head which comprises anodically connecting borosilicate glass to a silicon substrate having fine grooves formed thereon to form various ink passages thereon as disclosed in JP-A-6-23980 (The term "JP-A" as used herein means an "unexamined published Japanese patent application") and JP-A-6-31914. This process enables an easy production of a large amount of ink jet heads at a low-cost.
On the other hand, an aqueous ink for ink jet recording described in JP-A-2-255774 comprises water, a water-soluble dye, a drying inhibitor and a penetrant. As the penetrant there may be used one comprising a compound represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a methoxy group, a chlorine atom or a bromine atom; and m represents an integer of from 1 to 5 (hereinafter referred to as "compound (1)") and an ethylene oxide adduct of butyl alcohol wherein the number of moles of added ethylene oxide is from 1 to 5 (hereinafter referred to as "compound (2)"), and optionally a propylene oxide adduct of butyl alcohol wherein the number of moles of added propylene oxide is from 1 to 5 as a penetrant (hereinafter referred to as "compound (3)"), whereby the surface tension thereof is from 30 to 40 dyn. In this arrangement, the evaporation of water or the like from the ink through the nozzle of the recording head can be suppressed, inhibiting the rise of the viscosity of the ink and hence enabling normal ink jetting. Further, a highly stable ink jetting can be effected, enabling a good quality printing.
However, when a recording head made of borosilicate glass as described in JP-A-6-23980 and JP-A-6-31914 filled with a water-soluble ink for ink jet recording as described in JP-A-2-255774 is allowed to stand at high temperatures over an extended period of time, borosilicate glass in contact with the water-soluble ink elutes with the ink. When the water in the ink evaporates from the surface of the nozzle, the solution of borosilicate glass is supersaturated, causing borosilicate glass to be deposited on the surface of the nozzle. This causes the recording head to be clogged, disabling the jetting of ink droplets and hence causing a phenomenon of omission of recorded image, i.e., so-called dot failure. Further, if ink droplets are jetted leaving deposits of borosilicate glass in the nozzle, the ink shots can be malpositioned (a phenomenon in which an ink droplet cannot fly perpendicular to the recording medium), deteriorating the printing quality.
In order to solve these problems, a recording head molded from a plastic or metal may be used. With this arrangement, the substances constituting the ink passage don't elute and deposit. Thus, the evaporation of ink components such as water from the nozzle of the recording head can be suppressed, inhibiting the rise of the viscosity of the ink and hence enabling normal ink jetting. Further, stable jetting can be conducted, enabling a good quality printing.
However, the recording head molded from a plastic or metal requires a much production cost to reduce the nozzle diameter to a good precision. Thus, the resulting ink jet printer is very expensive. However, if the ink jet printer is used with the nozzle diameter left large, the ink discharge rate per dot is increased, making it extremely difficult to print at a high resolution and hence making it impossible to provide a high fineness and a high printing quality in printing.
As another method for inhibiting the deposition of borosilicate glass there may be used a method which comprises frequently restoring the nozzle (externally pressing and sucking off the ink from the nozzle to keep the viscosity of the ink constant). However, this method is disadvantageous in that a large amount of the ink must be consumed for the restoration of the nozzle. The method is also disadvantageous in that the wasteful consumption of the ink forces the user to frequently renew the ink jet cartridge. After all, this method presents an inconvenience to the user.

Ink jet printer and ink for ink jet recording


A computer system includes an identification device and a host. The identification device includes a first wireless module for receiving a radio identification signal and then emitting a radio user signal with an identification code. The host includes a processing module for controlling operation of the host, a second wireless module for emitting the radio identified signal and receiving the user signal, a power supply for supplying power to the processing module while receiving a power control signal, and a control module electrically connected to the power supply. Before the power supply supplies power to the processing module, the control module checks whether the identification code within the user signal matches a predetermined identification code as the second wireless module receives the user signal. If the identification code within the user signal matches the predetermined identification code, the control module can transmit the power control signal to the power supply.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a computer system, and more specifically, to a computer system having a controllable host based on a user signal emitted by an identification device.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Due to advances in computer technology, a computer system is used to quickly swap and process various graphical, text data information, and enhance the effectiveness and enjoyment of work and life. Recently, the operating speed of the computer has increased along with the development of the central processing unit (CPU). As the operating speed of the CPU surpasses the frequency of a giga-hertz (GHz), the amount of data that the CPU can handle also increases significantly. The amount of data that the CPU is capable of processing per second is also substantially increasing as the power consumption is also going up. Therefore, various ways, such as monitoring the status of the display, monitoring the operation of the hard disk, and entering a sleep mode when the computer is idle for a default period, for reducing power consumption or for making the battery running longer are utilized. In a conventional computer, power consumption generated by the CPU takes a great part of the whole computer. As a result, the way in which the CPU is operated at lower frequencies when the user does not manipulate the computer is a usual strategy for power saving.
Additionally, users almost always run their computers for a long time. Sometimes users may temporarily logout or lock their computer to keep the computer from being used because in some condition users have to temporarily leave. In this way, users have to manually change, which causes more trouble.
Please refer to FIG. 1, which shows a functional block diagram of a computer system 10 according to the prior art. The computer system 10 comprises a CPU 12, a north bridge (NB) chipset 14, a south bridge (SB) chipset 16, a volatile memory 18, a basic input output system 20, a power supply 22, a display device 24, an input interface 26, a hard disk drive (HDD) 28, and a bus 30.
The CPU 12 is used for executing the operations of the computer system 10 to implement the integrated functions of the computer system 10. The north bridge chipset 14 is electrically connected to the CPU 12 for handling the data exchange between the CPU 12, and the memory 18 as a DRAM. The display device 24 is used for providing a visual image output of the computer system 10. The south bridge chipset 16, electrically connected to the north bridge chipset 14, is used for data-exchanging with the CPU 12 by way of the north bridge chipset 14, for example, data-exchange between the input interface 26, the HDD 28 and the CPU 12. The bus 30 is used as a connection path among the south bridge chipset 16, the HDD 28, the BIOS 20, the input interface 26 and other peripheral devices. The power supply 22 is used for supplying required power to the elements of the computer system 10 such as the north bridge chipset 16, the CPU 12, and so on (for clarity, only a connection between the power supply 22 and the CPU 12 is shown in FIG. 1). The HDD 28 is used for storing an operating system (OS) 32 and application program 34. The input interface 26 includes a keyboard, a mouse, and so on.
While the computer system 10 starts running, the power supply device 22 starts supplying power to the north bridge chipset 14, the south bridge chipset 16, the CPU 12, the HDD 28, and memory 18. Later on, the BIOS 20 is loaded into the memory 18 and implements a power on self test (POST) procedure, and the OS 32 stored in the HDD 28 is then loaded to the memory 18. Before performing the application program 34 stored in the HDD 28, the CPU 12 will generate a command to access data on the HDD 28. The data from the HDD 28 will then be transmitted through the south bridge chipset 16 to the north bridge chipset 14. Afterwards, the north bridge chipset 14 transmits the data from the HDD 28 to the memory 18 for storage. Thus, the CPU 12 can access the data from the HDD 28 in the memory 18 through the north bridge chipset 14 and temporarily store the data in flash memory of the CPU 12 (not shown) for carrying on the additional operations.
When users stop inputting any data for a default period, the display device 24 of the computer system 10 will enter a save power mode. If the user's eyesight does not move from the display device 24, and just stop inputting data for such default period, the computer system 10 will also enter save power mode, causing the user's work to be interrupted. Generally speaking, most ways of setting the save power mode is managed by a power management program which is implemented by the BIOS 20 or the OS 32.
According to the advanced configuration and power interface (ACPI), the devices connected to an integrated device electronics (IDE) have to response to the computer system 10 based on its operating modes such as an idle mode, a standby mode, or a sleep mode. Therefore, if intending to re-enable the computer system 10, triggering the input interface 26 is necessary. If the user has to focus on the display device 24 without any input for a long time, he should turn off the function for saving mode, lest sudden interruption of his work. However, short default period arrangement results in frequently switching to the save mode, but a long default period arrangement results in a worse save power effect.

Computer system having an identification device


A wavelength measurement system uses birefringent material waveplate, thereby producing a substantially sinusoidal spectral response. As a result, the responses of multiple birefringent filters can be combined to yield a filter system with a periodic frequency response that has an additive wavelength resolution that is spectrally stable. That is, the wavelength measurement system does not have regions where wavelength resolution is degraded. In one implementation, a waveplate system 112 is used, placed between two blocks of birefringent material 110 and 114. A quadrant detector 116 is used to detect the intensities of the resulting four beams.

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems typically comprise multiple separately modulated laser systems at the transmitter. These laser systems are designed or actively tuned to operate at different wavelengths. When their emissions are combined in an optical fiber, the resulting WDM optical signal has a corresponding number of spectrally separated channels. Along the transmission link, the channels are typically collectively amplified in semiconductor amplifier systems or gain fiber, such as erbium-doped fiber and/or regular fiber, in a Raman amplification scheme. At the receiving end, the channels are usually separated from each other using, for example, thin film filter systems to thereby enable detection by separate detectors, such as photodiodes.
The advantage of WDM systems is that the transmission capacity of a single fiber can be increased. Historically, only a single data channel was transmitted in each optical fiber. In contrast, modern WDM systems contemplate hundreds of spectrally separated channels per fiber. This yields concomitant increases in the data rate capabilities of each fiber. Moreover, the cost per bit of data in WDM systems is typically less than comparative non-multiplexed systems. This is because optical amplification systems required along the link are amortized across all of the separate wavelength channels transmitted in the fiber. With non-multiplexed systems, each channel/fiber would require its own amplification system. As an additional functionality, different wavelengths in WDM optical networks can also be used for wavelength routing of optical signals. This is sometimes referred to as metroWDM.
Nonetheless, there are challenges associated with implementing WDM systems. First, the transmitters and receivers are substantially more complex since, in addition to the laser diodes and receivers, optical components are required to combine or multiplex, the channels into, and separate, or demultiplex, the channels from, the WDM optical signal. Moreover, there is the danger of channel drift, where the channels lose their spectral separation and thus overlap each other. This interferes with channel demodulation at the receiving end.
Minimally, the optical signal generators, e.g. the semiconductor laser systems that generate each of the optical signals corresponding to the optical channels for a fiber link, must have some provision for wavelength or frequency control. Generated and transmitted optical channel wavelength should be controlled to within a fraction of the channel wavelength spacing. Especially in systems with center-to-center channel wavelength spacings of less than 1 nanometer (nm), the optical signal generator must have a precisely controlled carrier wavelength. Any transmitted wavelength wander impairs the demodulation of the wandering signal at the far end receiver, since the wavelength is now different from that expected by the corresponding optical demultiplexer and signal detector. The wandering wavelength signal can have decreased power in its intended receiver; it can also interfere with and impair the demodulation of spectrally adjacent channels when their spectrums overlap each other.
Frequency/wavelength lockers are typically used in semiconductor based laser systems to detect the wavelength of operation of the laser relative to the intended ITU grid channel center, for example, and then generate a feedback signal that can be used as a tuning signal to control the laser's wavelength of operation. Typically, lockers are used to stabilize the operating wavelength of the semiconductor laser either to a single channel wavelength, or they can allow the laser to hop between operational channel wavelengths.
Lockers have been proposed that are based on etalons. Typically, the thickness of the etalons must be controlled to define the locker's frequency locking range and the spacing of the frequency locked channels, which is given by the etalon free spectral range (FSR). Further, the etalons reflectivities must be controlled in order to achieve the desired amount of wavelength discrimination.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Interferometric filter wavelength meter and controller


A testing scenario (forming part of a computing environment executing a plurality of applications) is initiated to characterize performance of the applications. During the execution of the testing scenario, various performance metrics associated with the applications are monitored. Thereafter, data characterizing the performance metrics is provided (e.g., displayed, loaded into memory, stored on disk, transmitted to a remote computing system, etc.). The testing scenario is generated by monitoring service calls being executed by each of a plurality of automates across the applications, generating a service request tree based on the monitored service calls for all of the applications, and removing cyclic dependencies in the service request tree such that reusable testing components are only used once. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.

Computing environments are becoming increasingly complex with certain cloud-based platforms executing hundreds, if not, thousands of applications. Performance and quality assurance testing of such applications can be costly in terms of consumption of computing resources. In addition, such testing can require several hours depending on the number and complexity of the various applications.

Open data protocol performance test automation intelligence (OPT-AI)


A computer-implemented method for event visualization and control performed by a software component executing on a processor, comprises: receiving as input one or more events currently executing on a computer, the one or more events comprising both applications and processes, and user-initiated background events performed by the applications and processes; displaying a graphical user interface (GUI) showing the one or more events along a percent completion timeline, and dynamically updating the GUI such that each of the one or more events move through the percent completion timeline as the one or more events process; and providing interface controls that enable a user to dynamically perform actions on the one or more events, wherein the actions include start, stop, delete, pause, and reorder.

A task manager is an application included with an operating system that allows the user to see processes currently running on a computer. The task manager may display information regarding running applications, including hidden programs that run on startup, and utilities. For example, the task manager included with Microsoft Windows™ displays detailed information in a task list regarding programs currently running on the computer. Running applications are displayed under an Applications tab and running processes are displayed under a Processes tab. The task manager may also display computer resource information such as CPU usage, memory information, network activity and logged-in users. The Applications tab also displays the status of each running application, e.g., running or not responding.
The task manager may also allow the user to take action respect to the running processes, such as to kill a running process or to create a new process. For example, while in the Applications tab, right-clicking any of the applications in the list provides the user with options to switch to that application, end the application, and show the process on the Processes tab that is associated with the application. Choosing the "End Task" option from the Applications tab causes a request to be sent to the application for it to terminate.
While in the Processes tab, right-clicking a process in the list provides the user with options to change the process's priority, set which CPU(s) the process can execute on, and end the process. Choosing to the "End Process" option causes Windows to kill the process. Choosing the "End Process Tree" option causes Windows to kill the process, as well as all processes started by that process.
While conventional task managers allow users to monitor concurrently running processes, conventional task managers do not enable the user to also monitor user initiated events associated with the running applications, which once initiated run in the background. Examples of such user-initiated events or tasks include save and copy, for instance. In addition, conventional task managers typically display running processes in table format and do not provide a rich visual experience for the user to easily monitor running process and to modify the running processes.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide an improved event processing visualization application.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION


A heat roller for a laser printer has a roller pipe, a resistive heat element accommodated in the roller pipe, an internal expanding pipe installed in the roller pipe which restricts the resistive heat element by pushing the resistive heat element toward the roller pipe, caps coupled to both end portions of the internal expanding pipe and provided with electrodes which supply a current to the resistive heat element, a gear coupled to any one of the caps, and a coupling unit which restricts at least one of the caps from slipping along the internal expanding pipe. The heat roller has the enhanced secure coupling between the internal expanding pipe, the roller pipe, the coil and the insulation layer. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent slip off and coil short circuit.

1. Field of the Invention
Aspects of the present invention relate to a fixing apparatus of an image forming device. More particularly, aspects of the present invention relate to a heat roller for a fixing apparatus, having a coupling structure capable of preventing slip of a roller cap while the heat roller is driven.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, an image forming device, such as a laser printer or a copier, forms an image by printing out a desired image through a series of processes including electrification, exposure, development, transfer and fixing. The fixing process fixes a transferred toner image on a print medium, such as a paper sheet, a transparency, etc., by applying heat and pressure to the toner image, and is performed by using a pair of rollers facing each other.
The pair of rollers is a press roller and a heat roller. FIG. 1 illustrates the structure of a heat roller of the related art. Referring to FIG. 1, the heat roller 10 has a conductive cylindrical roller pipe 11, a resistive heat element 12 accommodated in the conductive cylindrical roller pipe 11, and caps 13 and 14 coupled to opposite ends of the conductive cylindrical roller pipe 11. A coating layer 18a is formed on the outer surface of the conductive cylindrical roller pipe 11. The resistive heating element 12 is generally an induction coil, and an insulation layer 18c may be interposed between the conductive cylindrical roller pipe 11 and the resistive heat element 12. The heat roller 10 also has an internal expanding pipe 16 which strongly pushes the resistive heat element 12 toward the roller pipe 11. The caps 13 and 14 are an end cap 13 and a gear cap 14, respectively. Each of these caps 13 and 14 has a connection terminal 15 and a Cu—Sn electrode 13a or 14a.
In the heat roller 10 structured as described above, current flows through the resistive heat element 12 via the electrodes 13a and 14a and the connection terminals 15 and 15 when alternative current (AC) from an AC power source is applied to carbon brushes 17a and 17b provided at opposite ends of the heat roller 10. As a result, energy which is generated due to resistant heating caused by the resistive heat element 12 is transferred to the roller pipe 11, which is an object to be heated, through the insulation layer 18b, and is further transferred to toner and the print medium through the roller pipe 11 and the coating layer 18a.
In the typical heat roller 10, the caps 13 and 14, particularly the gear cap 14, are released from the heat roller pipe 11 if the caps 13 and 14 are not securely coupled to the ends of the heat roller pipe 11, which results in twisting of the connection terminals 15, and can cause a failure, such as a short circuit. Accordingly, the caps 13 and 14 need to be securely fixed to the ends of the heat roller pipe 11.
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the gear cap 14 of the heat roller shown in FIG. 1. Referring to FIG. 2, the gear cap 14 has male screw threads 14b which can be securely mated with female screw threads 11b formed on the inner surface of the heat roller pipe 11. Even though the end cap 13 is not shown in FIG. 2, the end cap 13 is also screw mated with the heat roller pipe 11.
However, in the heat roller for a fixing apparatus as described above, even if the gear cap 14 is coupled with the heat roller pipe 11 by a screw coupling manner, the gear cap 14 can slip off the heat roller pipe 11 during counter rotation. When the gear cap 14 slips off the heat roller pipe 11, the connection terminals 15 and 15 for connecting the electrodes 13a and 14a with the resistive heat element 12 become twisted, causing a short circuit. Additionally, the heat roller pipe has a diameter of about 1 mm so that height of the female screw threads formed on the inner surface of the heat roller pipe is about 0.35 mm at most. Accordingly, if torque is too high, the screw threads are demolished, resulting in rotating of the gear cap. This rotating can cause a variety of problems, including a short circuit, contact failure, sparking, and so on.
In order to solve the above described and/or other problems, the applicant of the present invention suggested a heat roller for a fixing apparatus, in which a gear cap does not have screw threads but is coupled to a heat roller pipe by a different coupling device other than the screw configuration. Such a heat roller is disclosed in Korean Patent Registration No. 452,874.
FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 illustrate the structure of the coupling device of the gear cap and the heat roller pipe disclosed in the above literature. Particularly, FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view and FIG. 4 is a sectional view. Referring to FIG. 3, a gear cap 24 is coupled to an end portion of a heat roller pipe 21 by a fixing ring 30 and a latch projection 32a. The fixing ring 30 restricts the gear cap 24 from slipping off the heat roller pipe 21 in the axial direction of the heat roller pipe 21, and the latch projection 32a received in an engagement groove 31a restricts the gear cap 24, which is restricted in the axial direction, from slipping the heat roller pipe 21 in the rotational direction.
The above described coupling structure of the gear cap 24 has a greater coupling force than the screw coupling configuration. However, in the situation when the heat roller 20 is applied to a high speed printer, the following problem occurs. When inertial force of the heat roller 20 is greater than the expanding pressure of an internal expanding pipe 26, the internal expanding pipe 26 slips in the rotational direction, thereby causing the resistive heat element 22 and an insulation layer 28b to slip off, and causing a short circuit after the heat roller 20 repeatedly performs the operations of rotating and stopping at high speed. The internal expanding pipe 26 of the above described heat roller 20 has expansivity higher than that of an insulative mica. Accordingly, an image forming device including a heat roller such as heat roller 20 repeatedly performs the operations of heating and cooling corresponding to the times when a user turns the image forming device on and off. In this instance, since the cap 24 is coupled only by the fixing ring 30, the internal expanding pipe 26 can slip, thereby causing a short circuit of an induction coil, which is the resistive heat element 22.

Heat roller having improved coupling structure to prevent slip of a roller cap for fixing apparatus


An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. In one aspect, the OLED display comprises a driving thin-film transistor (TFT), a data line electrically connected to the driving TFT and having a first color, an OLED, and a light absorption layer. The OLED is electrically connected to the driving TFT. The light absorption layer is formed over the data line and has a second color different from the first color.

1. Field
The described technology generally relates to an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display and a method of manufacturing the same.
2. Description of the Related Technology
An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display includes an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display including a hole injection electrode, an electron injection electrode, and an organic emission layer formed therebetween, and is a self-emission type display apparatus that emits light as excitons, which are generated when holes injected from the hole injection electrode and electrons injected from the electron injection electrode combine in the organic emission layer.
Because an OLED display is a self-emission type display apparatus and does not need a separate light source, it can be driven with a low voltage and can be lightweight and thin. In addition, because of an excellent viewing angle, contrast, and response speed, the applications of OLED display technology are expanding from a personal mobile device, such as an MP3 player or a mobile phone, to a television (TV).

Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display and method of manufacturing the same


The random, hydrogenated copolymers according to the present invention of unsubstituted conjugated dienes and substituted conjugated dienes, having a glass transition temperature of ≦−60° C., an enthalpy of fusion of ≦100 J/g and a content of residual double bonds in the range from 0 to 80%, are suitable for the production of rubber moldings of all kinds which have good resistance to ageing and high resilience at low temperatures. In particular, various tire components and industrial rubber articles may be mentioned as rubber moldings. The copolymers are also suitable for the rubber modification of brittle thermoplastics.

It is known that polybutadiene and polyisoprene, butadiene/isoprene block copolymers and random butadiene/isoprene copolymers can be selectively hydrogenated using so-called coordination catalysts. In this context, reference is made to "Journal of Polymer Science", Part A/1, Vol. 9, 2617–2623 (1971). There, it is reported, inter alia, that random copolymers of butadiene and isoprene can be selectively hydrogenated using certain coordination catalysts comprising transition metal salts of 2-ethylhexanoic acid and organoaluminum compounds. In the case of butadiene/isoprene block copolymers, the polybutadiene block is preferably hydrogenated. In this publication, no product properties or physical parameters of the hydrogenated products are described, nor any information given regarding the structure of the polymers. There are also no indications of any technical properties of the products which make them appear suitable for certain intended uses.

Hydrogenated copolymers of unsubstituted and substituted conjugated dienes


The invention relates to a device for facilitating maintenance of a trackball. The device comprises a trackball, a cover inside which the trackball is attached, the cover comprising an opening allowing a movable part of the trackball to appear in order to operate the movable part from outside the cover, the trackball comprising maintenance means. According to the invention, the device comprises means for gaining access to the means of maintaining the trackball from outside the cover.

Trackballs are sensitive to solid particles or liquids likely to pollute the surface of the movable part. Such pollution requires the equipment comprising the trackball to be removed which causes the mean time between two failures to fall. Several solutions may be envisaged to improve the reliability of an item of equipment comprising a trackball. An attempt has been made for example to improve the seal of the trackball itself. This seal is situated between the movable part and the fixed part of the trackball. Improving this seal requires a greater tightening of the seals. Tightening restricts the movement of the sphere relative to the body and causes jerky motions that are bad for its operation. Another solution consists in replacing mechanical elements rotating in contact with the sphere and used as sensors with optical sensors directly tracking the movement of the sphere. These optical sensors are less sensitive to pollutants but are of a more complex technology and tend to markedly increase the cost of the trackball.

Device for facilitating maintenance of a trackball


A server to be changed is added to a destination unit in terms of configuration. The server to be changed is started to restore the database in the database storage region to which the server has access and to restore the transaction for the process that was executed when the server failed. The destination of the failed server (a system destination unit) when failure occurs is determined to stabilize the throughput of the entire system after the switchover of the system in the event of failure. The destination server is determined according to an instruction given in advance by the user. The database management system statistically determines the destination server in accordance with a policy designated by the user. Alternatively, the database management system dynamically determines the destination server according to the policy designated by the user when failure occurs.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a technique for data processing, and in particular, it relates to a technique suitable for a database management system (DBMS) having a system switchover function.
2. Description of the Related Art
Network business in which the stop of service causes a serious loss in business opportunities requires a reliable system that works for 24 hours all the year around. Particularly, it is important to localize the influence of failure and to restore the system rapidly. Related-art database management systems (DBMS) have used "a technique of system switchover" in which a standby machine separate from a service executive machine is prepared, to which the execution of the service is switched when failure occurs in order to restore the system rapidly in the event of failure.
For example, a technique for a hot standby nonstop operation and high availability (HA) adopted as remedies for DBMS failure with such a system configuration is disclosed in "Transaction Processing, Concepts and Techniques", by Jim Gray and Andreas Reuter, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1993.
Also, a technique for architecture in which the load of database processing is shared by multiple processors, where the process is executed in parallel, is disclosed in "Parallel Database Systems, the Future of High Performance Database Systems", Communications of the ACM, Vol. 35, No. 6, 1992, pp. 85-98. The shared-everything shared-disk architecture disclosed in the related art allows all the computers that execute DB processing to access all data, while a shared-nothing architecture allows access only to data stored in disks connected to its own computers.
A shared-nothing architecture has less shared resources among the constituent units that execute DB processing than a shared-everything architecture and so has excellent scalability. Also the shared-nothing architecture often uses the technique of system switchover to provide high availability.
A technique of system switchover in which a DB storage region is used as the unit of switchover in a database management system including multiple DB storage regions in each machine (for example, a load-sharing system-switchover method) is disclosed in "Implementing IBM DB2 Universal Database V8.1 Enterprise Server Edition with Microsoft Cluster Server", by Aslam Nomani, International Business Machines Corporation, FIG. 16, pp. 40-41, 2003 (searched online on Dec. 19, 2003). <http://www-306.ibm.com/software/data/pubs/papers/esemcs/esemcs.pdf> In this technique, an execution system and a standby system are defined for each DB storage region, wherein, in normal state, the execution system accesses a corresponding DB storage region, while in failure, the standby system accesses a corresponding DB storage region, to continue the service. In this method, a standby system is defined such that multiple DB storage regions of an identical machine are distributed to difference machines. When failure has occurred in one machine, multiple DB storage regions of the machine are taken over to different machines. Thus, the process execution load after system switchover is shared by multiple machines, thereby reducing a decrease in throughput of the entire system.
The system switchover method has to prepare a standby machine different from an execution machine, and the standby machine is out of use when a normal service is executed. Also, in the system switchover method, the execution of a normal service can be assigned also to the standby machine in the form of cross standby. However, in order to restore the system rapidly in the event of switchover, the system in the standby machine is often started halfway (warm standby or hot standby), so that the resource (processes and memories) of the standby system must be prepared too much.
The system that requires a standby-only resource which is inoperative in normal state does not make effective use of the resource in normal state, having a problem in terms of reduction in total cost of ownership (TCO) in system construction and operation. Also, when failure occurs in a given operating machine and the failure is taken over to another operating machine by system switchover, process load is concentrated to the destination machine (the load can be twice as high as that of normal state), decreasing the throughput of the entire system.

Method and system for data processing with high availability


Device for pushing away an enclosure arranged around a dental element. When filling dental elements, it is important that adjacent dental elements should come into contact with one another at a defined location. To this end, the invention proposes a tool for pushing the enclosure arranged around the dental element onto the adjacent dental element during the filling operation. In the vicinity of the free end, this tool is provided with a thickened section which has to push away an enclosure of this type. This thickened section is provided with a recess in the vicinity of the free end, approximately in the center. This recess forms an elevation in the filling material, and in this way shrinkage stresses can be guided out of the center of the filling material towards the outside, resulting in a shrinkage-free filling.

The present invention relates to a device for pushing away an enclosure arranged around a dental element, in order to produce a space which is to be filled with filling material between the said enclosure and the dental element, said device comprising a handle part, the end being provided with a thickened section for engaging on the said enclosure.
A dental tool of this type is known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,947,731A. When molars or other dental elements are being filled, it is common to use matrix bands which are placed around the element in question. The space between the matrix band and the dental element is then filled with filling material, such as (white) plastic-based filling material.
In this operation, it is important for the repaired dental element to rest as tightly as possible against adjacent dental elements, since if a gap forms between two dental elements, in the vicinity of the free end thereof, food and the like can accumulate between them, leading to caries and parodontitis.
Therefore, it is important for the matrix band to be arranged so that it bears as tightly as possible against adjacent dental elements.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,947,731A proposes a pliers-like tool with which a band of this type is pushed outwards during the filling operation, in order in this way to ensure that there is sufficient space for the filling material to be introduced.
In this case, firstly filling material, such as composite, is arranged in the opening which is to be filled and then the end of the pliers-like tool is introduced. After the band lying around the cavity has been pressed onto the adjacent dental element and the filling material has (partially) cured, the end of the pliers is removed. The impressions caused by the ends are finished using further filling material.
It has been found that in this way, although the object of optimum contact between the adjacent dental elements during the filling operation can be achieved, considerable stresses arise in the filling material. These stresses are dependent on the material used and, when composite material is used, will primarily be shrinkage stresses. As a result, the service life of fillings of this type is considerably restricted.
The object of the present invention is to provide a device for pushing away an enclosure arranged around a dental element, so that it is possible to avoid the above-described residual stresses in the filling material after it has cured.
In a device as described above, this object is achieved in that said thickened section is of oval design and, in the vicinity of the free end, approximately in the centre of the longest side thereof, is provided with a recess.
More particularly, said recess is wave shaped and has a length of between 0.5 and 5 mm, more particularly between 1 and 3 mm.
As a result of the presence of a recess, a mirror-image protrusion which is delimited by a recess defined by the end of the thickened section is formed in the filling material on both sides after (partial) curing. As a result, two adjacent compartments which are separated by the protrusion are formed. Surprisingly, it has been found that as a result the effect of shrinkage of, for example, a composite filling material is avoided. The shape described above allows shrinkage to be guided away to the outside.
At the location of the protrusion there is no contact with the walls and the shrinkage can occur freely. The remainder of the shrinkage is guided away to the outside, onto the walls. The fact that the instrument or outlet part is left in position during the exposure means that a shadow effect also occurs during the exposure. The layer which is against the walls receives most light and cures first. The layer which is remote from the walls, beneath the instrument or filling tip, will harden later and will therefore shrink towards the walls. The shadow effect simulates, as it were, a layered filling, which also has a positive effect on shrinkage stress on the walls. The residual shrinkage stress on the walls is therefore negligible.
The device described above can be used in any device for pushing away a dental element, i.e. a thickened section with a recess as described above can be used in a pliers-like tool but also in "single" tools which comprise only one thickened section, in which case the contact with the adjacent dental element has to be applied by pressure from the person making the filling.
A construction of this type can be combined, for example, with an outlet part.
Outlet parts for use on dental composite syringes are known from the prior art. Known outlet parts comprise an exchangeable plastic part which functions as the syringe nozzle and is arranged on a composite syringe. With the known outlet parts, a liquid composite material is arranged in a prepared dental element, after which the composite is pressed on and moulded by means of another tool.

Device for pushing away a dental element, and method for filling dental elements


A data processing method of testing a network of data processing units includes steps of sending a test message from an originating data processing unit to a destination data processing unit via an intermediate data processing unit; receiving at the originating data processing unit a channel definition from the intermediate data processing unit, the channel definition defining an action taken at the intermediate data processing unit to determine a next intermediate data processing unit to forward on the test message to; and displaying the channel definition at the originating data processing unit.

This invention relates to the field of distributed data processing where a data processing operation takes place over a plurality of data processing units which are connected to each other via a network.
It is increasingly common to distribute a data processing operation over a plurality of data processing units, with each of the units communicating over a data communications network (e.g., the Internet). One reason for this is that a particular data processing unit may be able to do a job better than another, so a first unit makes a request for a second unit to do a particular job and then to return the result back to the first unit.
It is also very common for there to be a large number of intermediate data processing units in between the first unit that makes a request and the second unit that is being requested to do the work. Each intermediate unit receives the request, performs some initial processing to determine what to do with it, and then forwards it on to the next unit.
In order to detect problems in the message flow between units, prior art teachings have employed a test message which is sent by an originating data processing unit into the network of intermediate units on its way to a destination unit. The test message arrives at various intermediate units in the network on its way to the destination unit and reports are sent back to the originating unit by each intermediate unit to report the exact path that the test message took on its way through the network. For example, the well known Advanced Peer to Peer Networking (APPN) and TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) provide such functionality. U.S. Pat. No. 5,668,800 (commonly assigned to IBM Corp.) is another example of such prior art.
A major problem, however, still exists in this art. At each intermediate unit, a local administrator is permitted to enter commands to affect/control the processing that is taken by the intermediate unit in deciding where next to forward the request. As an example, perhaps the administrator of one intermediate unit prefers a particular neighboring intermediate unit over another for certain types of requests so that the administrator commands the intermediate unit to route the request to that particular neighboring intermediate unit. Thus, while it is helpful to use the above-described prior art technique to determine the path a message takes through a network of intermediate units, the human user at the originating unit has no idea as to why the test message has taken this particular path through the network. The local human administrator at each intermediate node has potentially made an arbitrary decision concerning where next to forward the message, and such arbitrariness makes it difficult to impossible for the human user at the originating unit to determine why the text message went through the particular path that it took, thus making detection and diagnosis of errors very difficult.
According to one aspect, the present invention provides a data processing apparatus for testing a network of data processing units comprising: means for sending a test message from an originating data processing unit to a destination data processing unit via an intermediate data processing unit; means for receiving at the originating data processing unit a channel definition from the intermediate data processing unit, the channel definition defining an action taken at the intermediate data processing unit to determine a next intermediate data processing unit to forward on the test message to; and means for displaying the channel definition at the originating data processing unit.
According to a second aspect, the present invention provides a data processing method having method steps corresponding to each element of the data processing apparatus of the first aspect of the invention.
According to a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored on it which, when executed on a computer, carries out the functionality of data processing method of the second aspect of the invention.
Accordingly, due to the present invention, it becomes very clear at the originating data processing unit exactly why the intermediate data processing units have decided to select the particular adjoining intermediate data processing units that they selected in routing the test message to the destination data processing unit. This greatly helps a user at the originating unit to understand the particular network and thus make a better and more informed diagnosis of any network transmission problems.
That is, it is not good enough to just know which intermediate units a test message passed through (as the prior art provided). If you know why the message passed through a certain group of intermediate units you can, for example, determine whether a particular intermediate unit can be requested to modify its selection technique to select a different subsequent intermediate unit, if the chosen one is causing a problem for the originating unit. On the other hand, with the prior art, the user at the originating unit would not know whether the intermediate unit had made an arbitrary choice in selecting the next intermediate unit.
The invention removes much frustration of the user at the originating unit, because the user is not left wondering why the test message has taken a long circuitous route through a network of intermediate units when the user would have preferred a more direct route. If the reason is a good one, then the user will accept that there is not much that can be done to alter the situation. However, if the reason is not a good one, then the user can query the intermediate units and request that they alter their selection techniques so that a more direct path can be selected for future message transmissions through the network from this particular originating unit to the particular destination unit.

Data processing with distributed messaging problem determination

International Business Machines Corporation


An embroidering device includes plural needles for embroidering plural patterns and an operating portion having a display. The patterns are embroidered by selectively actuating the needles in accordance with a command from the operating portion, the display of the operating portion indicates codes of the needles to be used for embroidering the patterns in sequence, and the code of the needle being in actuation is emphatically indicated on the display. Indication corresponding to temporary stop of the actuation can be indicated between the codes if the actuation needs to be temporarily stopped.

For example, in a known embroidering device, codes corresponding to needles to be used for embroidering are indicated on a display of an operating portion in accordance with an operating order. Then each needle is automatically actuated in sequence based on the operating order. The code of the needle being in actuation is emphatically indicated by using a different color so that the needle being in the actuation can be easily recognized.
However, in the foregoing embroidering device, though the needle being in the actuation can be easily recognized, it is difficult to embroider a complex sewing pattern. That is, if the embroidering is further performed after overlapping an upper cloth on a lower cloth on which a predetermined sewing pattern is embroidered, operation of the embroidering device need to be temporarily stopped before a certain needle is actuated. In this case, a code of the certain needle has to be memorized, which is troublesom.
The present invention therefore seeks to provide an embroidering device in which temporary stop of operation of the embroldering device can be easily recognized when the operation of the embroidering device need to be temporarily stopped.


Methods, and related products and compositions, of increasing the stability of a Bayer process liquor are described. A method of increasing the stability of a Bayer process liquor includes contacting the Bayer process liquor with a ppm quantity of a low molecular weight dextran. Also described are methods, and related products and compositions, for controlling the precipitation of aluminum-containing compounds from a Bayer process liquor.

The production of alumina from alumina-containing ores, such as bauxite, is most commonly accomplished using the Bayer process. In this process, the alumina-containing ores are first contacted with recycled caustic aluminate solutions at elevated temperatures, in a process commonly referred to as digestion.
Following digestion, the pressure of the slurry of insoluble red mud in sodium aluminate solution (also known as green liquor) is reduced to atmosphere through a series of pressure-reducing tanks. The insoluble red mud is then separated from the sodium aluminate solution. Coarse material can sometimes be removed in crude cyclones called sand traps, while the bulk of the material is settled in raking thickeners with the addition of flocculants. The red mud is taken as underflow from the thickeners and then typically washed in a counter-current washing circuit to recover soluble caustic and alumina values. The overflow typically still contains a fine suspension of red mud particulates, comprising iron oxides, iron hydroxides, silica and the like, and to remove these compounds from the final alumina product the overflow is often passed through one or more filters.
The clarified overflow solution is cooled in heat exchangers to increase the degree of supersaturation of the dissolved alumina. This enhances the precipitation of aluminum tri-hydroxide (gibbsite), which in the Bayer process is also seeded with aluminium tri-hydroxide. The precipitated aluminium tri-hydroxide is separated from the caustic aluminate solution, with a portion of the aluminium tri-hydroxide being recycled to be used as seed and the remainder recovered as product. The remaining caustic aluminate solution is recycled for further digestion of alumina-containing ore.
For efficient and cost effective precipitation of alumina values, high alumina concentrations relative to total caustic concentration (i.e. A/TC ratios) are essential, resulting in supersaturated liquors. However, the efficiency is reduced when any dissolved alumina precipitates prior to (and during) filtration; this also decreases the time for which the filters, tanks and pipes remain operable, negatively impacting on cost of operation and alumina and soda recovery. Most refineries therefore operate within a preferred range of ratios of alumina concentration to total caustic concentration, above which filtration becomes problematic or alumina losses in digesters, thickeners or washers (or pipe-work feeding vessels) become too excessive, and flow losses or maintenance costs increase.
Dextran, a polysaccharide composed of repeating, branched glucose molecules, has been described previously for use in the Bayer Process. More specifically, dextran is an α-D-1,6-glucose-linked glucan with side-chains 1-3 linked to the backbone units of the dextran biopolymer. The degree of branching is approximately 5% and the branches are generally 1-2 glucose units long. Dextran is generally available in a variety of fractions, dependent upon molecular weight. In the pharmaceutical industry, dextran fractions having a mean molecular weight of between 1,000 to 2 million Daltons are common.
Canadian Patent 825234 describes the use of dextran or dextran sulfate as a flocculant and a filter aid for the extraction of alumina trihydrate from caustic liquor. It is also said that dextran or dextran sulfate "having as high a molecular weight as possible" is preferred. It is also said that "dextran or dextran sulfate having a molecular weight below about ½ million is not an effective alumina trihydrate flocculant, nor is it an effective filter aid".
U.S. Pat. No. 5,091,159 describes a process in which a water soluble dextran having a molecular weight of at least 50,000, and preferably in the range of 500,000 to 10 million, is added to the overflow of the thickener(s) prior to being passed to a Kelly Filter Press. The doses described are in the range of 0.05 to 15 mg/l. The addition of dextran is said to increase filtration rates in Kelly Pressure Filters, which in turn leads to increased alumina production. Interestingly, the dextran in this process is said to be used in addition to traditional 'lime-type' filter aid.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,387,405 there is described an "improvement in Bayer liquor polishing", in which thickener overflow has both a bio-carbohydrate polymer, such as dextran, and a filter aid added thereto prior to filtration. The dextran has a molecular weight of at least 10,000, and preferably at least 50,000, and most preferably at least 1 million. It is added at levels of at least 0.1 mg/l. The filter aid may be slaked lime, calcium oxide and the like. The weight ratio of dextran to filter aid is said to be about 1:25 to about 1:2500.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,716,530 describes the use of between 0.05 to 15 mg/l of a water soluble polysaccharide or "biopolymer", added to thickener overflow prior to filtration using specifically sand filters for improved solids removal efficiency. The biopolymer is said to preferably be a microbially produced polysaccharide that may be a "dextran derivative" or a "dextran sulphate". The biopolymer utilised is said to have a molecular weight of "at least 50,000 although values in the range 500,000 to 10 million is preferred".
U.S. Pat. No. 6,740,249 describes the use of a treating agent for a Bayer process liquor, the treating agent comprising a blend of starch and another polysaccharide. The polysaccharide may be dextran or a number of other compounds. The polysaccharide may be present at levels of up to 10 ppm, but preferably 5 ppm. The polysaccharide to starch ratio is said to be preferably between 9:1 and 1:9. The starch is used to decrease the amount of polysaccharide used, and thereby decrease the cost of the process.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,192,568 describes a process for the production of tricalcium aluminate (TCA) filter aid in which slaked lime is dosed with a "surface active agent", the surface active agent possibly being a sugar or polysaccharide, amongst other things. Little detail is provided regarding the specific nature of the surface active agent other than in respect of a sodium gluconate example, in which sodium gluconate was delivered to the slaking tank as a 400 g/l aqueous solution at a dose rate such that a concentration of 390 mg/l was provided in the slaker(s) or 110 mg/l in the lime aging facility.
Beyond use as a filtration aid, dextran has also been described for use in thickeners (also referred to as settlers) and washers for improving flocculation by reducing overflow solids concentration, increasing settling rate and under flow solids density. U.S. Pat. No. 5,008,089 describes the application of dextran and synthetic anionic polymer to thickeners and washers via separate addition, preferably with dextran prior to the synthetic anionic polymer. U.S. Pat. No. 6,726,845 describes using dextran in combination with starch and a water soluble synthetic flocculent, preferably with dextran added separately and post a blend of starch and the synthetic polymer. Both these documents claim a variety of molecular weight ranges, but where >500,000 Daltons is clearly preferable.
A subset of these previously described applications (U.S. Pat. No. 5,008,089, U.S. Pat. No. 6,726,845) is the description of dextran addition to thickener and washer feeds as being beneficial in reducing settled scale formation. Settled scale formation is described as requiring the presence of mud particles by Roach and Cornell (Roach and Cornell, Scaling in Bayer Plants, Light Metals, 1985, TMS) and the cementation of gibbsite precipitation to create the scale. Australian Patent 199895203 describes the use of dextran in Bayer feed process liquor to reduce scaling rates in thickeners and washers. The author's state that the scale reduction is not due to increased liquor stability, "dextran is not acting to stabilise the liquor", as no loss of alumina from liquor was measured. Rather, the authors attribute the reduction in scale growth to a reduction in the amount of gibbsite particles in the over flow and the dextran acting to destabilise the activity of the overflow mud particles via adsorption on its surface. It is likely that the reduction in scaling rates has more to do with improvement in flocculation processes described previously (U.S. Pat. No. 5,008,089, U.S. Pat. No. 6,726,845 B1) and a reduction in overflow solids concentration as reported by Avotins et al (Avotins et al, The Effect of Flocculants on Thickener Scaling, Fifth International Alumina Quality Workshop, Bunbury 21-26 Mar. 1999, 448-455). The dextran used is described as "suitably a high molecular weight dextran having a molecular weight in excess of 500,000" Daltons, but low density dextran having molecular weights from 60,000 to 90,000 or 150,000 to 200,000 can also be used.
Whilst dextran was first discussed as a filtration aid, it has recently been described as a "scale control filtration aid" (Kildea et al, "Scale Control and Prevention of Hydrate Precipitation in Red Mud Filters", Light Metals, 2000, page 105-110) for usage in filtration to improve liquor stability. Polysaccharides and polyols (Wang et al, "A Novel Chemistry for improved Aluminate Scale Control In Bayer Process", Light Metals 2009) have been described as improving liquor stability and for use in reducing autoprecipitation (see for example specifications WO/2009/085514, WO/2009/067606, WO/2009/067606 A3 and US 2009/0130006 A1), autoprecipitation being described as the loss of alumina from thickener overflow liquors in the previously referred to literature. However, the term is used more broadly in the Bayer industry to refer to any loss of aluminium containing compounds from liquor.
WO/2009/085514 in particular describes the perceived disadvantages of the use of dextran as an auto-precipitation inhibitor in Bayer process liquor whilst disclosing the use of one of gum Arabic, tamarind gum, gum ghatti or mixtures thereof at doses of as high as 200 ppm.
WO/2009/067606 A3 and US 2009/0130006 A1 patents and Wang et al (Wang et al, "A Novel Chemistry for improved Aluminate Scale Control In Bayer Process", Light Metals 2009) demonstrated the improved performance of polyols (variant in monomeric origin, molecular weight and structure) when compared to dextran (no molecular weight range given), but of note also claim that dextran can be used as a monomeric unit to generate such liquor stabilizers.
Nalco Australia Pty Ltd has described the use of their dextran product Nalco 85711™ as a scale control filtration aid (Kildea et al, "Scale Control and Prevention of Hydrate Precipitation in Red Mud Filters", Light Metals, 2000, 105-110), and although the authors give no indication of molecular weight range, the same product is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,726,845 as having a molecular weight greater than 500,000 Daltons.
It is generally understood that inhibition of crystallization (and precipitation) processes by polymers is molecular weight dependent, and that the optimum molecular weight for this inhibition varies depending on the polymer and the crystallising/precipitating solid. The impact of molecular weight on liquor stability has been described for polyols (WO/2009/067606 A3 and US 2009/0130006 A1), but not for dextran by Kildea et al (Kildea et al, "Scale Control and Prevention of Hydrate Precipitation in Red Mud Filters", Light Metals, 2000, 105-110) even though applications for dextran settled scale reduction, as a filtration aid and to improve flocculation, detail molecular weight ranges; that said, for dextrans, these applications specify greater than 500,000 Daltons as being preferable. Dextran in its "native form" has a molecular weight of approximately 2,000,000 Daltons, but can be produced in different molecular weight fractions by membrane filtration or through alternate enzyme production processes (Hellman N N, Tsuchiya H M, Rogovin S P, Lamberts B L, Tobin R, Glass C A, Stringer C S, Jackson R W, and F R Senti, (1954). "Controlled Enzymatic Synthesis of Dextran". Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 47 (8), pp 1593-1598).
U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,599 describes the use of a linear polysaccharide, such as dextran, as an additive, prior to or simultaneously with the addition of seed crystals, to improve the production of alumina trihydrate precipitates from pregnant Bayer process liquors, such as by increasing crystal size. Molecular weights of up to about 40,000,000 for the linear polysaccharide are described as preferable, as are does rates of up to about 1000 ppm.
For the purposes of this discussion we consider low molecular weight dextran to be less than or equal to about 500,000 Daltons and dextran without specific molecular weight definition to refer to its native form having a molecular weight of about 2,000,000 Daltons.
The preceding discussion of the background to the invention is intended to facilitate an understanding of the present invention. However, it should be appreciated that the discussion is not an acknowledgement or admission that any of the material referred to was part of the common general knowledge in Australia or any other country as at the priority date.

Method of increasing the stability of a Bayer process liquor


In a discharge system that outputs DC power from a vehicle battery to the outside, improved safety is obtained during discharge of the battery. A discharge system includes an electric car having a battery unit mounted thereon, and a discharge device that discharges the battery unit. The electric car includes a connector to which the discharge device is connected, and a power line that connects the connector and the battery unit to each other. In the power line, switches and switching elements are provided. The switches render the power line conducting upon permission from the discharge device and a battery management unit. The switching elements adjust a current flowing in the power line when the battery unit is discharged.

In recent years, development of a next-generation power grid called "smart grid", which is configured with automatic control means for automatically control the supply and demand of power being incorporated into a power grid, is attracting attention. In the smart grid, a power flow in the power grid is controlled not only by a supplier side but also by a demander side, and thereby the supply and demand of power are optimized.
For example, there is a possibility that a battery of a car owned by each home can be used as a buffer for lowering the peak of a power demand (for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4 listed below). To be specific, power that has been charged in a vehicle battery during low power demand times is used in a house during the peak of the power demand, and thereby the peak of the power demand is lowered. This also can save an electric bill at each home because, in general, the power cost is low during the low power demand times. Additionally, there is an advantage that enabling the power of the vehicle battery to be used at home can address an emergency situation such as a power failure. The smart grid is intended to automatically control such a power flow.
For example, in a power management system disclosed in Patent Document 1, a power demand from a house is estimated in consideration of not only data of a power demand in the house but also data of external factors such as the day of the week, time and date, and the weather. Then, based on a result of the estimate, supply and reception of power between a vehicle and the house (charge and discharge of a vehicle battery) are automatically scheduled.
In a power management system of Patent Document 2, whether to charge a battery or to supply power from the battery to a house is determined in consideration of times and data of a state (a voltage, input and output currents, and a remaining capacity) of the vehicle battery, the amount of ensured power (the amount of power necessary for daily use by a user) and the amount of excess power (the remaining capacity excluding the amount of ensured power and the amount of emergency power) that are defined based on a travel history, and the like.
Thus, in a power grid managed by the smart grid, it is assumed that not only charge of a vehicle battery (power supply from a house to a vehicle) but also discharge of the battery (power supply from the vehicle to the house) is actively performed.
As for a method for drawing DC power of a vehicle into commercial AC power available in a house, the following three methods are disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 4. In a system of Patent Document 1, DC power of a battery is converted into commercial power by an in-vehicle DC/AC converter, and then outputted to a house. In systems of Patent Documents 2 and 3, DC power of a battery is converted into high-frequency AC power by an in-vehicle DC/AC converter, then transferred to the house side by using electromagnetic induction, and then converted into commercial power by an AC/AC converter provided at the house side. In a system of Patent Document 4, DC power of a battery is outputted to a house without any change, and then it is converted into commercial power by a DC/AC converter provided at the house side.
On the other hand, in a rapid charge system for a battery which is essential for the widespread use of an electric car, a large amount of DC power is directly supplied to the battery to thereby achieve high-speed charge. It is considered that a method in which DC power of a battery is outputted to a house without any change, as disclosed in Patent Document 4, can be achieved by sharing the same power feed line (power line) with this rapid charge system. Therefore, it is not always necessary to provide a new power feed path for discharging the vehicle, and moreover it is not necessary to mount a DC/AC converter in the vehicle. Accordingly, this method is effective in that an in-vehicle power feed system can be simplified.


There is provided a method of providing secure access to data stored in a system memory of a computer system, the computer system comprising a memory controller for writing data to and reading data from the system memory. The method comprises generating a random encryption key each time the computer system is booted and storing the random encryption key in a volatile memory region of the memory controller. The method additionally comprises encrypting data using the random encryption key to create encrypted data, and storing the encrypted data in the system memory. Also provided are a memory subsystem and a computer system for performing the method.

In a typical computer system, system memory is used as a temporary storage for security keys and credentials among other things. In recent times, hackers have begun attempting to gain illicit access to secure data by physically removing memory modules from a user's computer, possibly freezing the memory modules to delay decay of the data contained therein. The hacker subsequently installs the stolen memory modules into another computer to read their contents. In such a manner, hackers may be able to retrieve the security keys and credentials stored in the memory modules and use the stolen information to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data of the user.

System and method for providing secure access to system memory

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.