The invention provides increased stroke of the clamper and a reduction in thickness of the entire disk device by improving structures of a clamper for clamping the recording medium to turn freely and a clamper plate engaging with the clamper. Plural connecting sections that connect an inner torus and an outer torus, plural L-shaped hook sections at an upper end of an inner rim wall of substantially a cylindrical shape extended upward from a border of the connecting sections and the outer torus, and an outer rim wall of substantially a cylindrical shape extended upward from the outer torus are integrally formed on a clamper body. Engaging holes engaging with the L-shaped hook sections are provided in a clamper plate. A step section, an outer peripheral side of which is high, is provided in a position where an upper end of the outer rim wall collides with the clamper plate.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electronic apparatus including a disk device that rotates a disk-like recording medium in the apparatus to perform reading and writing of information, and, in particular to a clamper structure that increases a stroke of a clamper, which is arranged in a position opposed to a turntable for rotating a recording medium and clamps the recording medium such that the recording medium turns freely, and realizes a reduction in thickness of the entire disk device.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, a clamper that is mounted on a turntable and clamps a recording medium from above is arranged in a disk device. A clamper 160 shown in FIG. 10 is supported by a clamper support section 131, which is formed in an upper part of a not-shown frame, to turn freely and includes a clamper body 170 formed of resin, a clamper plate 180 of substantially a disk shape formed of metal, and a magnet 190 that assumes a flat ring shape and is housed in the clamper body to attract a metal surface of a not-shown turntable. On the clamper body 170 shown in FIG. 7, a guide section 171 of substantially a cylindrical shape that pierces through a through-hole 181 of the flat clamper plate 180 shown in FIG. 9 and guides a position of the clamper body 170, an inner torus 172 formed from the guise section 171 toward the periphery of the clamper body 170, a planar connecting section 173 extending aslant around the inner torus 172, an outer torus 174 formed around the connecting section 173, a rim wall 175 of substantially a cylindrical shape extended upward from a boundary of the outer torus 174 and the connecting section 173, and L-shaped hook sections 177 in three places that are formed at an upper end of the rim wall 175 and engage with the clamper plate 180 are integrally formed around a rotational axis of the clamper body 170. A space between the guide section 171 and the rim wall 175 is used as a magnet housing section 178. The inner torus 172 and the outer torus 174 are formed with a step. The connecting section 173 connecting the inner torus 172 and the outer torus 174 is formed aslant upward to the magnet housing section 178 that houses the magnet 190 shown in FIG. 8. The through-hole 181, through which the guide section 171 provided in the clamper body 170 pierces, and engaging holes 183 in three places, with which the L-shaped hook sections 177 engage, are formed on the clamper plate 180. Consequently, the magnet 190 is housed in the magnet housing section 178 formed in the clamper body 170. The guide section 171 pierces through the through-hole and the clamper plate 180 is assembled to the clamper body 170 and engaged by the L-shaped hook sections 177.
In such a disk device, concerning a disk clamper that clamps an optical disk, for example, as a related art, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2003-317351 (patent document 1), the disk clamper is set rotatably on a top plate of a device body of the disk device and the disk clamper is set with clearance to be movable in all directions in a radial direction thereof. A body section of the disk clamper is loosely fit in a substantially circular opening formed in the top plate. The opening is formed in a shape surrounded by an ark and a segment and a radius of the opening is reduced in a part on a rear side. Consequently, in a method disclosed in the patent document 1, a clearance amount in a rear part of the disk clamper is set smaller than clearance amounts in the other directions to prevent damages even if an impact acts on the disk clamper.

Electronic apparatus including disk device


A method for the gap-free joining of two workpieces is provided. The method comprises the following steps: a. the workpieces to be joined are brought into contact with one another so that a joining point is formed, b. the joining point is geometrically fixed by means of a film, c. the workpieces are joined in a gap-free manner, wherein the step a. and the step b. can be interchanged.

Laser beam welding methods are known from the prior art as joining methods, in which the energy input into the workpieces or components to be joined is produced by means of a laser. The method is utilized for welding components, which must be joined at a high welding rate, with a welding seam having a narrow and slender shape, and with low thermal distortion. Laser welding, or laser beam welding, is generally carried out adding a filler material.
Force-locking clamping or fixing devices are used for fixing the components. There are so-called universal clamping devices and clamping techniques, which are adapted to the component and are used in the construction of prototypes. These are very expensive and complicated.
According to the prior art, in the case of thin-walled components, one attempts to achieve continuously gap-free fixation of the parts, which are to be welded together, to one another by means of mechanical clamping devices such as hold-down devices, hold-down rails, and the like, or by means of a vacuum clamping device, for example, by suctioning the components onto a clamping surface. In this case, it is disadvantageous that a minimum distance between the clamping elements and the joining zone must always be maintained, in order to keep the joining zone accessible for the joining process.
Furthermore, it is disadvantageous that these component geometry-dependent or adjustable mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulically acting clamping devices require a great deal of technical complexity in production and are very expensive, in particular when joining complex, three-dimensional contours, because highly complex and very expensive fixing devices must be produced for this purpose.
The welding of metallic foils and non-metallic, weldable materials onto thick-walled components or to one another therefore disadvantageously requires a great deal of effort in order to fix the components. This effort becomes even greater when 2- or 3-dimensionally curved surfaces are to be joined.
A hybrid laser beam welding method is known from Reisgen et al. (Uwe Reisgen, Klaus Dilger, Simon Olschok, Nikolaus Wagner, 2009. Application of pressure-sensitive adhesive systems in laser-beam-welding of lap joints. 28th International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics (ICALEO). Orlando, Fla., USA.). In this form of welding, a pressure-sensitive adhesive was additionally inserted between the two sheets. The method consists of a combination of placing pressure-sensitive adhesive strips between the two sheets, which are disposed in a lap joint, and a subsequent laser-beam welding next to the pressure-sensitive adhesive strips. In this case, the strip was adhered first to the surface of one component. Next, the second component was placed onto the first component in a lap joint, and was fixed by means of the adhesive film disposed between the components. Welding was then performed. The sheets are geometrically fixed by means of the immediate adhesion of the double-sided adhesive strips. By way of suitably selecting the adhesive strip-thickness, a defined gap is established between the sheets, which allows for a permissible degassing of zinc vapor through the adhesive strips.
It is also disadvantageous that this technology does not permit component surfaces to be flexibly fixed to one another and to be joined in a gap-free manner.

Beam welding method with geometric fixing by a film


Playing multimedia data including instructing that a transparent area be painted in a first drawing layer, instructing that a multimedia data playing window be painted in a second drawing layer, the multimedia data playing window overlapping with the transparent area, instructing synchronous display of the transparent area and the playing window, and instructing that the multimedia data be played in the playing window.

When playing multimedia data on an application (app) interface, in certain contexts, the assistance of a multimedia data playing service to play the multimedia data is required. An area on the application interface that serves as a display area for multimedia data exists. A scheme for implementing the display area for the multimedia data in the application interface utilizes drawing a transparent area in a drawing layer of the drawing interface when the corresponding application interface is rendered. A playing window is separately drawn in another drawing layer, and the playing window overlaps the transparent area. The playing window displays each frame of the multimedia data that is to be played.
In the event that the user performs an operation such as scrolling or going to the next or previous page, the position of the transparent area changes, and the position of the playing window is to be adjusted accordingly. The adjusting of the transparent area and the playing window tends to cause the appearance of white edges or data jitter. White edges or data jitter—occur when the position of the transparent area and the position of the playing window changes are out of sync.

Method and system for playing multimedia data

BANMA ZHIXING NETWORK (HONGKONG) CO., LIMITED


In a portable radio of the present invention, in order to reduce an influence of a flexed unit near an antenna with a structure that the antenna is fitted to a flexion portion of the unit, a conduction portion of the unit is divided into upper and lower sections interposing an antenna fitting portion. An actual resistor is inserted into the middle of an connection line (cable) for electrically connecting the upper and lower sections, thereby cutting a high frequency current. Alternatively, an inductor is inserted into the middle of the connection line (cable), thereby cutting a conduction between the upper and lower sections in a high frequency manner. The unit of the portable unit may be a structure that it is divided into upper and lower unit sections and it is foldable.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a portable radio, more particularly to a connection for connecting upper and lower unit sections of a flexed unit when an antenna is fitted to a flexion portion of the flexed unit.
2. Description of the Related Art
With regard to a portable radio used by being pressed against an ear of the human body like a portable telephone, a method to equip a flexion portion of the unit with an antenna has been proposed in order to improve an effect for preventing the human body from an electromagnetic wave by locating the antenna apart from the human being during conversation and in order to improve a radiation efficiency and radiation pattern of the antenna.
The portable telephone with the above described structure offers a problem that a metal portion over the antenna fitting portion causes a deterioration in the radiation efficiency of the antenna and produces phenomenon that a frequency bandwidth is narrowed during an operation of the antenna. To cope with this, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 4-127723, a portable radio has been proposed, which has a structure that the antenna is projected from the unit downward in order to reduce an effect of the head on the antenna. However, the portable radio still offers the concern that the radiation pattern will be affected since the body hides the antenna.
If no influence of the metal portion over the antenna exists in the portable radio used by pressing it against the ear of the human body like the portable telephone, the radiation efficiency of the antenna and the deterioration of the radiation pattern are improved and the phenomenon of narrowing the operation frequency bandwidth is relieved, whereby it will be possible to locate the antenna separating from the human body. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the influence of the metal portion over the antenna on it.


A computing device includes a persistent storage and a processor. The persistent storage includes an asset. The processor obtains a computation request for the asset, instantiates an executable entity based on a computation prototype and a manifest associated with the asset, performs the computation request using the instantiated executable entity and metadata specified by the manifest associated with the asset to obtain a computation result; and provides the obtained computation result.

Computing devices may generate new data based on stored data. For example, a computing device may store a database that includes sales data for a variety of products over a period of time. The computing device may generate new data by calculating an average sale price of each sale.
Different types of data may have different formats. Different computing devices may store and/or generate different types of data. Computing devices may share between the devices. Sharing the data between the devices may result in any computing device storing a large number of different types of data in varying formats.
Performing computations on different types of data may require different approaches due to differences in the structures of the different types of data. For example, a database and a table may have different structures that each necessitates the use of different ways of indexing to perform the same computation on each data structure.


The present application discloses a polyvinyl alcohol composition, as well as a preparation method and polyvinyl alcohol medical catheter containing thereof, wherein raw materials include the following components: 60-90 parts of polyvinyl alcohol; 0.1-3 parts of glutaraldehyde; and the polyvinyl alcohol composition is made by mixing the polyvinyl alcohol in molten state with the glutaraldehyde in an acidic environment.

Polyvinyl alcohol is a polymer having a property between plastics and rubbers. Polyvinyl alcohol has relatively good bonding property, film flexibility, smoothness, oil resistance, solvent protection resistance, and gas barrier property, etc., and polyvinyl alcohol is sanitary and nontoxic, and is biodegradable under certain conditions. Polyvinyl alcohol is widely used in industries such as textile, food, medicine, building, wood processing, paper manufacturing, printing, and agriculture, etc. Among them, medical grade polyvinyl alcohol is safe and nontoxic, non-irritating, non-sensitizing, and cytotoxicity-free to the human body, and has comparatively good biocompatibility, and is one of the ideal materials for the manufacturing of medical devices.
The melting of the high polymer is a process in which the crystalline domain transitions from the crystalline state to the liquid state when the crystalline high polymer is heated, and the temperature at this point is the melting point. The macromolecular long-chain of the high polymer exhibits a certain distribution, and the aggregation state thereof is also a typical two-phase structure, i.e., the crystalline phase and the amorphous phase coexist, therefore, the melting of the high polymer is not very sharp, the melting process occurs in a comparatively wide range, and the temperature at which the melting of the high polymer occurs is called a melting point or a melting temperature.
There are lots of hydroxyl groups in the polyvinyl alcohol molecule, and the hydrogen chain formed from them gives the polyvinyl alcohol comparatively good melting temperature, and the melting temperature is close to the decomposition temperature of the polyvinyl alcohol, which lead to poor processability. It's difficult to perform thermoplastic processing, and the applicability of the polyvinyl alcohol is limited.

Polyvinyl alcohol composition, preparation method thereof, and polyvinyl alcohol medical catheter containing thereof


An extendable door handle has a first end mounted in a stationary position to a vehicle door and a second end movably coupled to the door. A control member extends between the second end of the extendable strap handle and a door mounting mechanism for moving the second end of the door handle toward the first end when the door is opened, thereby extending the extendable strap door handle outwardly away from the door in a curved fashion making the handle more accessible for closing the door.

The present invention relates to an interior vehicle door handle and one which can be extended for easy access when the door is opened.
With larger vehicles and particularly those with two doors, once a passenger has been seated with the door in a fully opened position, it is sometimes difficult, particularly with shorter people, to reach the opened door to close it prior to moving the vehicle. One solution was proposed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,610,084 and 2,677,573, in which a pivoted handle is mounted to the inside of the door and can be extended to provide a readily accessible closure handle. Such construction, however, does not conform to modern vehicle design in which typically strap-like door handles are employed or handles integrally formed with an armrest. Accordingly, there is a need for a door handle which can facilitate closure of particularly large doors in larger vehicles when the door is in a fully opened position and the passenger or driver is seated.


A foreign matter removing apparatus includes: a removing plate disposed above a recording medium carriage path, a first sensor and a second sensor which interpose the removing plate therebetween at equal distances in a carriage direction of the recording medium and are disposed on both sides of the recording medium carriage direction, a first plate and a second plate which come in contact with each other at a position below the removing plate, and are disposed at positions opposed to the first sensor and the second sensor while interposing the recording medium carriage path therebetween so as to be opened and closed in a direction perpendicular to the recording medium carriage direction, a first driving roller disposed between the first sensor and the removing plate, and a second driving roller disposed between the second sensor and the removing plate.

In order to save resources, image formation may be performed using color-erasable developing materials. As the color-erasable developing materials, there are toner, ink, and the like, the color of which is made to disappear by heat. A recording medium in which an image is formed using the color-erasable developing materials is heated by a color erasing apparatus and reused after color erasure.
However, there may be a case where foreign matter such as clips, staples, and sticky notes is attached to the recording medium inserted into the color erasing apparatus. When the recording medium with the foreign matter attached is carried, jamming occurs in the color erasing apparatus, incomplete color erasure occurs, or the color erasing apparatus may be damaged.
From this point of view, a charging apparatus which charges foreign matter is provided in a recording medium carriage path, and a technique for pressing the foreign matter using an endless belt and a roller so as to be removed or a technique for removing the foreign matter using a brush and a magnet are proposed.
However, even in such techniques, there is a possibility that the foreign matter will remain on the recording medium. Therefore, a foreign matter removing apparatus, a color erasing apparatus, and a foreign matter removing method capable of removing foreign matter from a recording medium more reliably are required.

Foreign matter removing apparatus, color erasing apparatus, and foreign matter removing method


The invention is directed to a system which allows for the rapid application of a water immobilizing dispersion in sufficient quantities to increase the fire protective and wetting characteristics of water. This system also increases the evaporative cooling and quenching effects of water. The primary constituents of the composition of this system are water, purified Attapulgite clay, and an environmentally safe salt, e.g., magnesium sulfate.

Water removes heat from fire via evaporative cooling which in turn creates steam. Atomized water, in the physical state of steam/mist, starves a fire of oxygen and ensures that combustion or ignition cannot be sustained. When substrates adjacent to fire are saturated with water, a fire must provide enough heat to evaporate the water from the substrate before the substrate combusts.
The advantages of using water as an evaporative cooling agent against fire are its high heat absorbing capacity, a lack of toxicity, low cost and relatively good availability. However, a known disadvantage of water is its high fluidity. Water alone as a temporary suppressant against fire is inefficient due to excess run-off and an inability to sufficiently wet-out and absorb into high contact angle substrates. As such, significant manpower and time must be expended to re-soak high contact angle areas exposed to fire from which water has runoff or evaporated.
Prior Art Patents
U.S. Pat. No. 6,245,252 issued to Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG teaches a cross-linked, water-swellable additive polymer in water/oil emulsion produced by an inverse phase polymerization reaction to be added to the firefighting water. This patent is directed to polymer systems and is deficient for the following reasons:
1. Although Acti-Quench is similar in functional concept to fire fighting foams and gels, such as these shown by Stockhausen, there is an important difference. Traditional "polymer shelled" gels depend on entrainment of water as a primary fire inhibitor. After the dissipation of all water from the polymer structures, the "polymer shells" constituting the structure is no longer useful as a fire barrier. In fact, without water the "polymer" is flammable.
2. Further, water-swellable polymers do not shear thin or exhibit pseudo-Thixotropic characteristics when used with standard fire fighting eduction systems.
3. Although water-swelling polymers are quite effective in creating a unique protective barrier, these polymeric systems are highly susceptible to UV sun-light destabilization.
4. Water-swelling polymer systems have a limited ambient storage range of 0–40° C.
5. Super absorbent polymers expand enormously and become extremely heavy in the process, thus, posing mechanical hazards due to clogging and the bursting of eduction equipment and in addition, the polymers have the potential for collapsing unstable structures due to the added weight of water.
6. Water-swelling polymers can only be effectively used with plain water. Highly valent contaminants such as detergents or ionic chemical salts disrupt the absorbency and heat resistant nature of water-swellable polymers thus causing a premature swelling and seizing of the polymer system.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,019,176 issued to Fire-Trol Holdings L.L.C., relates to "fire suppressant compositions, and methods of preparing and using such compositions consisting of: "water, at least about 5% by weight of a fire retardant salt and at least 1.5% by weight of ammonium thiosulfate along with other optional functional components such as corrosion inhibitors, suspending agents, coloring agents, antimicrobials and stabilizers." This patent is deficient because said ammonia salt is highly corrosive to fire fighting equipment and has been proven to be environmentally toxic.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,518,638 to Buil et al discloses the use of Attapulgite and water-soluble salts for fire extinguishing formulations. This patent is deficient in not disclosing the purified Attapulgite clay covered in an embodiment of this invention and is also deficient in not showing the use of salts along with Attapulgite clay.
Additional Prior Art Patents
Dimanshteyn (U.S. Pat. No. 5,035,951) teaches alkali silicates and kaolin as fire-protectant materials.
Vandersall (U.S. Pat. No. 4,983,326) shows diammonium phosphate and diammonium sulfate to be fire-control agents.
Von Bonin et al (U.S. Pat. No. 5,709,821) teaches aluminum phosphate as a gel-former in fire protectant compositions. Specifically taught are gel formers comprising acid aluminum phosphate and a reaction product of boric acid and an alkanolamine, along with alkali metal compounds in the aluminum.
Hallo et al, U.S. Pat. No. 6,168,834 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,482,473 disclose compositions for dissipation of heat comprising a mineral clay, water and a surfactant. The compositions are used mainly to dissipate heat in welding and soldering processes.
Prior Art Reference
United Nations' website http://www.fao.org/docrep/q2570e/g2570eog.jpg makes mention of the use of attapulgite as a fire retardant at low concentrations.


A combination luggage and drink holder assembly includes a luggage, and a drink holder pivotally mounted at the luggage and including a base frame, a hoop pivotally coupled to the top side of the base frame, a tray pivotally coupled to the bottom side of the base frame and two links coupled between the hoop and the tray. The base frame has a structure for supporting the hoop and the tray securely in the extended or received position. The hoop defines a locating hole at the center and a peripheral wall around the border. When the drink holder is set in the received position, the peripheral wall of the hoop surrounds the base frame and the tray, and the tray blocks up the locating hole of the hoop.

(a) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to luggage technology, and more particularly to a combination luggage and drink holder assembly that comprises a luggage, and a drink holder mounted at one side of the luggage and biasable relative to the luggage between an extended position and a received position.
(b) Description of the Prior Art
When traveling, people usually carry personal items in a luggage. When a luggage user is carrying a luggage or waiting in an airport or railway station, the user may simultaneously hold a beverage can or drink cup in the hand. Because the luggage provides no drink holder means for holding the beverage can or drink cup, the user must keep holding the beverage can or drink cup in the hand. Further, many drink holder designs for use in a car compartment or other fixed objects are known. Some of these drink holder designs are not collapsible. Some others are collapsible. A known collapsible drink holder is so designed that a tray is turned from the bottom side to the top side to cover on a cup hoop when the user collapses the drink holder. Similar designs are seen in U.S. Pat. No. 5,014,956, U.S. Pat. No. 4,828,211, U.S. Pat. No. 5,191,679, U.S. Pat. No. 5,072,909, U.S. Pat. No. 5,191,679, etc. However, when collapsing or extending out the drink holder, the user needs to bias the tray and the cup hoop separately, i.e., the tray and the cup hoop are not linked for synchronous movement. There are some other drink holder designs that use link means to couple a tray and a holder for synchronous movement between the extended position and the received position. Exemplars are seed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,342,009, US20130092808, U.S. Pat. No. 6,655,563, etc. However, according to these prior art designs, there are no support means for holding the tray and the holder securely in the extended position against vibration. Further, when the drink holder is collapsed, it has no means to keep the base frame or other pivot connection parts from sight. When a drink holder of any of these prior art designs is directly mounted in a luggage, it can compromise the appearance of the luggage.

Combination luggage and drink holder assembly


A computational resource management device uses a measured value of an execution time of data processing, a measured value of a resource amount, and a feature of input data as training data to learn a model indicating a relationship between the execution time and the resource. The device inputs, into the model, a feature of data scheduled to be input to calculate an estimated value of the execution time of the scheduled data processing, and uses the estimated value of the execution time, a variation index indicating variation in the estimated value of the execution time, and distribution of estimated residuals to calculate a resource amount required in the scheduled data processing. The device creates an execution plan of the scheduled data processing, based on the estimated value of the execution time, the variation index, the distribution of estimated residuals, and the calculated resource amount.

Generally, data analysis involves complex processing that is constituted by execution of multiple types of data processing, such as execution of Structured Query Language (SQL) queries, data conversion, and execution of machine learning algorithms, for example. Also, since the data amount to be analyzed has increased markedly in recent years, data analysis is distributed by a computer cluster and executed in parallel. Also, updating of a forecasting model every fixed period and daily demand forecasting in a business application are given as examples of a specific application of data analysis.
Also, with such data analysis, a time limit is set for provision of analysis results, particularly when applied to business applications, thus requiring that an appropriate amount of computer resources is computed and an execution plan is set. Thus, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a system that schedules execution of tasks during data analysis. The system disclosed by Patent Document 1 estimates the period for completing the execution of tasks for each of the computer resources, and sets an execution schedule of the tasks, based on the estimated period, such that computer costs are minimized.

Computational resource management device, computational resource management method, and computer-readable recording medium


A signal processing device includes a detection unit configured to detect an intent to use the signal processing device based on whether the signal processing device is in contact with a subject; and a power supply unit configured to supply power to operate the signal processing device based on the detected intent to use the signal processing device without using a separate ON/OFF switch to supply the power to operate the signal processing device.

1. Field
This application relates to a signal processing device without a mechanical switch for an ON/OFF operation.
2. Description of Related Art
A small amount of electric current is in constant flow through a human body since the human body is a conductive material. Accordingly, various physiological characteristics may be measured by sensing an electric current or a change in the electric current caused by an external stimulation applied to a human body.
This principle enables a biopotential to be measured. Examples of a biopotential include an electrocardiography (ECG) potential, an electromyography (EMG) potential, an electroencephalography (EEG) potential, a galvanic skin response (GSR), electrooculography (EOG), a body temperature, a pulse, a blood pressure, and a body motion. A signal processing device is used to sense a biometric signal or a change in a biometric signal.

Signal processing device without mechanical switch for on/off operation


Disclosed is a system and method usable for controlling multiple flows of water. The system may include a first sensor configured to sense a condition, a first drain tile, a first flow regulator configured to control a flow of water in the first drain tile, and a first transceiver configured to control the first flow regulator based on the sensed condition.

1. Field
Example embodiments relate to a water monitoring and control system and a method of controlling a flow or multiple flows of water. In example embodiments the system may include a sensor, a drain control structure, a communication system, and a computing system.
2. Description of the Related Art
Drain tiles resemble plastic tubes that are often trenched or plowed into farmland to prevent excessive water accumulation therein. Drain tiles normally have holes or slots so they may receive water from the farmland. The moisture collected in the drain tiles typically flows out of the tiles and into a drainage ditch which may, in turn, drain into a body of water, for example, a lake.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of several farms employing drain tiles to drain excess moisture therefrom. In particular, FIG. 1 illustrates a first farm 10, a second farm 20, a third farm 30, and a fourth farm 40, each employing drain tiles indicated by the dashed lines. In use, the drain tiles may flow water from their respective farm fields into channels 60 and 65 which eventually flow the water into a lake 50.
One downside of the drain tiles is the impact they have on downstream bodies of water. Nitrates and phosphorous from fertilizers, for example, are often found in bodies of water that receive water from drain tiles. These bodies of water often have an increased growth of algae, which is thought to be caused by excess phosphorous received from water flowing out of the drain tiles. Other problems associated with tiling also include flooding. Thus, the use of tiling may, at times, negatively affect the ecology of a downstream body of water.

Water monitoring and control system and method thereof


A trocar is formed from a cannula and an interfitting obturator for penetrating body cavity walls in laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery. The cannula has an improved inexpensive flexible flapper valve and can be manufactured with a reusable cannula tube but disposable flapper valve assembly to minimize cost.

The present invention relates to a surgical instrument commonly referred to as a trocar, or an obturator and cannula, often used in laparoscopic or arthroscopic surgery. More particularly, the invention relates to a new and improved design for a flapper valve, seal, and to the use of disposable seal assemblies on an otherwise reusable instrument.
Many surgical procedures are now being performed with the use of trocars and cannulas. Originally these devices were used for making a puncture and leaving a tube to drain fluids. As technology and surgical techniques have advanced, it is now possible to insert surgical instruments through the cannulas and perform invasive procedures through openings less than half an inch in diameter. Previously these procedures required incisions of many inches. By minimizing the incision, the stress and loss of blood suffered by patients is reduced and the patients' recovery times are dramatically reduced.
Surgical trocars are most commonly used in laparoscopic surgery. Prior to use of the trocar, the surgeon will usually introduce a Veress needle into the patient's abdominal cavity. The Veress needle has a stylet which permits the introduction of gas into the abdominal cavity. After the Veress needle is properly inserted, it is connected to a gas source and the abdominal cavity is insufflated to an approximate abdominal pressure of 15 mm Hg. By insufflating the abdominal cavity, pneumoperitoneum is created separating the wall of the body cavity from the internal organs.
A trocar is then used to puncture the body cavity. The piercing tip or obturator of the trocar is inserted through the cannula or sheath and the cannula partially enters the body cavity through the incision made by the trocar. The obturator can then be removed from the cannula and an elongated endoscope or camera may be inserted through the cannula to view the body cavity, or surgical instruments may be inserted to perform ligations or other procedures.
Once the cannula has been introduced into the opening in the body cavity wall, the pneumoperitoneum may be maintained by introducing gas into the abdominal cavity through the cannula. Various seals and valves have been utilized to allow abdominal pressure to be maintained in this fashion. Maintaining abdominal pressure is important both to allow working room in the body cavity for instruments introduced through the cannula, and to provide free space for the puncturing of the body cavity wall by one or more additional trocars as may be required for some procedures.
While the existing trocars and cannulas have proven useful, several disadvantages remain.
Also, with the current emphasis on cost controls in health care, it is desirable to utilize reusable medical instruments whenever possible. The difficulties of cleansing, disinfecting and otherwise decontaminating used trocars has made this a time consuming or impossible task, especially for the mechanisms contained in shielded trocars. Therefore, a need exists for an improved apparatus for performing laparoscopic and similar surgical procedures.


A back light module in which the diffuser board has integrated bottom support rods that are stopped at the bottom wall of the lamp case of the back light module to support the diffuser board in shape and to protect the diffuser board against deformation when the diffuser board installed in the lamp case.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a back light module, and more particularly, to a back light module in which the diffuser board has bottom support rods that support the diffuser board in shape.
2. Description of the Related Art
A back light module is an essential assembling component of the display screen of a notebook computer or LCD monitor, generally including a lampshade or lamp case, lamp tubes fixedly mounted in the lampshade or lamp case, and a diffuser board (light guide plate). FIG. 1 illustrates a back light module according to the prior art. According to this design, lamp tubes B are fixedly mounted inside a casing A, and a diffuser board C is suspending above the lamp tubes B. This design of back light module is not satisfactory in function because the diffuser board C tends to curve inwards due to the effect of its gravity weight and ambient temperature and moisture. FIG. 2 shows another design of back light module in which support members D are mounted inside the casing A to support the diffuser board C above the lamp tubes B. This design eliminates the drawback of the design shown in FIG. 1, however its manufacturing cost is high. Further, because the support members D are respectively and perpendicularly fastened to the bottom wall of the casing A by a respective screw joint, it is difficult to keep the top ends of the support members D in flush.

Direct type backlight with support rods integral with diffuser board


A drilling apparatus having cuttings removal structure to reduce balling thereof and to help prevent the accretion of portions of chips and debris from drilling thereon and/or the accretion of portions of drilling fluids thereon. The drilling apparatus comprises an apparatus body having a connection thereon and structure for contacting cut portions of the earth formation. The contacting structure may include chip breakers and flails or combinations thereof.

1.Field of the Invention
This invention relates to improvements for drill bits, the improvements having the ability to break cuttings produced from drilling operations and to prevent or remove cuttings or drilling fluid solid material accretion on such drill bits. More specifically, this invention relates to drill bits having the dynamic capability, either mechanical, hydraulic or both, to break drill cuttings produced from the formations being drilled into smaller, more easily transported cuttings in the drilling fluids, to remove the drilled material and/or solids therefrom or to prevent accretion of material or solids thereon. The invention is particularly useful with drill bits used in either plastic and sticky rock formations or formations and drilling fluids which tend to build up or accrete on the bits.
2. State of the Art
The clogging of the various fluid courses, surfaces and cavities of drilling accessories, drill bits and the like by the highly ductile cuttings produced from drilling operations in plastic formations, or solids from the formations, or solids from the drilling fluid, is typically referred to as "balling," or "bit balling", if it is a drill bit. The drilling of shales or other plastic types of rock formations has always been difficult for all types of downhole drill bits and particularly when using drag type drill bits. The shales, when under pressure and in contact with drilling fluids, tend to act as a sticky mass, and tend to ball or clog cutting surfaces and cavities of the drill bit, thereby reducing the bit's cutting effectiveness. Other formations, when contacted with particular types of drilling fluid systems, can also cause severe balling problems by the drilling fluid system enhancing or enabling the cuttings from the formation to accrete on the drill bit and drilling accessories.
Also, certain types of formations being drilled when subjected to high hydrostatic drilling fluid pressure, such as hydrostatic drilling fluid pressure generated by highly weighted drilling fluids used at great depths, are highly plastic, generating long, ductile cuttings during drilling operations. Unless such cuttings are effectively broken into more manageable, smaller cuttings, the various fluid courses, surfaces and cavities of the drill bit and drilling accessories become clogged, thereby reducing their effectiveness.
One typical prior art approach which deals with such a drag bit balling problem has been to provide large cutters on the bit with strong drilling fluid hydraulics in the proximity of the cutters in an attempt to remove the cuttings from the cutter faces with high-volume, high-velocity hydraulic jet flow of the drilling fluids. For example, see U.S. Pat. No. 4,116,289.
Another prior art attempt to deal with such drag bit balling problem is illustrated in UK Patent GB 2181173A, to Barr et al., entitled "Improvements In or Relating to Rotary Drill Bits." It illustrates a bladed drag bit with a plurality of cutters on each blade in combination with a nozzle which creates a vortex flow having a peripheral stream extending across the cutting elements and exiting into a gage region of the bit. The cutters are shown in a spaced relationship and a nozzle is azimuthally disposed in front of each blade. The flow from each nozzle is isolated from the flow of other nozzles on the bit by the solid mass of the adjacent blades. This tends to cause isolation of the hydraulics of each vortex pattern, presents a non-cutting bit surface between the cutters to the sticky formation, and does not provide for a directed hydraulic impingement on the chips, which impingement has a tendency to peel the adhered chips from the cutter faces.
Yet another prior art drag bit for cutting plastic rock formations comprises a plurality of large polycrystalline diamond cutters with each large cutter having a nozzle directing the flow of drilling fluids to each large cutter to apply a force to the chip which is cut by the large cutter. The force tends to peel the chip from the face of the large cutter thereby minimizing the tendency of the bit to ball. Such a bit is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,913,244.
Still another prior art drag bit for drilling shales and sticky formations comprises a bit body, a plurality of blades formed with the bit body extending therefrom, and at least one cutting element, preferably a plurality of cutters, on each blade. Each cutter has a diamond cutting face to reduce the probability of adhesive contact between the cutters and the plastic, sticky rock formations. Each blade defines a cavity between the blade and the body of the bit, thereby permitting the flow of material therethrough. In this manner, hydraulic removal of cuttings is enhanced to avoid bit bailing. To further enhance the hydraulic fluid flow across the bit, one or more nozzles are disposed in the bit body below each of the blades to direct the hydraulic flow of drilling fluids across the cavity and the plurality of cutters disposed on the corresponding blade. Preferably, each nozzle is disposed in the bit body behind the diamond faces of the corresponding plurality of cutters on a blade with respect to the direction of normal rotation of the bit during drilling. In this manner, the chip being sheared from the formation being drilled extrudes upwardly across the diamond face of the cutter to be caught at the upper edge of the cutter by the hydraulic flow from a nozzle located behind the cutter to effectively peel away the chip from the diamond face into the various waterways and junk slots of the bit. Such a bit is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,883,132.
While such bits may be effective in the drilling of shales and sticky, plastic rock formations, bit balling may still be a problem in some instances as the bit hydraulic flow may not effectively deal with chip removal from the cutter faces of the bit. In some instances, the hydraulic flow may not be sufficient to peel the chips off the cutter faces, may not be sufficient to break the chips after leaving the cutter faces, or may not be sufficient to cause the removal of large chips, or the instantaneous removal of a high volume of chips, from the waterways, face junk slots and junk slots of the bit during drilling operations.
In other instances, the adhesion properties of the components of various drilling fluid systems are sufficient to cause accretion of the drilling fluid solids and attendant formation cuttings on the drill bit surfaces, thereby affecting the drilling performance of the bit drilling tools and initiation of bit balling. These problems can similarly affect the performance of drilling accessories used in drilling operations.
Another prior art drill bit illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,727,946 utilizes brush-like rubbing pads having a plurality of bristles to provide sealing around the nozzles of the bit face and channel the drilling fluid from the nozzles past the cutting elements of the bit to help clean the cutting elements.
A drill bit described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,199,511 utilizes an expanding pad to sealingly engage the side of the borehole to seal freshly cut portions of the bottom of the borehole from drilling fluids. The expanding pad of the bit body is formed of an elastomeric material which is reinforced with wire or other reinforcing material and which may have an abrasion-resistant grit embedded therein and/or abrasion resistant pad thereon.
A downhole tool described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,744,426 is positioned intermediate the mud motor and drill bit to reduce the hydrostatic pressure of the drilling fluid column near or around the drill bit by pumping the drilling fluid up the annulus between the drill pipe string and the borehole in an attempt to increase bit penetration rate of the formation. A multi-vane fan contained within a portion of the downhole tool is used to pump the drilling fluid up the annulus.

Drilling apparatus with dynamic cuttings removal and cleaning


A heating apparatus comprises a heating element, an inner shell for supporting the heating element, an outer shell disposed along the outer boundary of the inner shell, a cooling medium passage for conveying a cooling medium between the inner shell and the outer shell, a first opening provided in the inner shell, a second opening provided in the outer shell, and a partition arranged to extend from the first opening to the second opening for developing at least a space separated from the cooling medium passage and between the inner shell and the outer shell. The heating apparatus further comprises an insulator for shutting up a gap provided between the partition and the second opening.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a semiconductor device manufacturing technology or more particularly a heat processing technology for processing a substrate to be processed while being heated up by heating elements in a processing chamber and also relates to a heating apparatus, a substrate processing apparatus employing the heating apparatus, a method of manufacturing semiconductor devices, and an insulator.
2. Description of the Related Art
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross sectional view of a processing furnace 500 equipped with a conventional heating apparatus. The conventional heating apparatus comprises a metallic casing 501 arranged of substantially a tubular shape with the upper end closed, a thermal insulator material 502 arranged of substantially a tubular shape and disposed at the inside of the casing 501, and heating wires 503 mounted to the inner wall of the thermal insulator material 502. The heating apparatus contains a thermal equalizer tube 504 and a reactor tube 505 which acts as a processing chamber and the action of heating up a wafer 506 in a given manner is carried out in the reactor tube 505.
It has been demanded in the metallic wiring process (Cu annealing etc.) to decrease the processing temperature (to not higher than 300° C.) and improve the throughput. Therefore, the shortening of the temperature increase and decrease of the wafer is essential. However, for responding to the above demand, such a conventional heating apparatus as shown in FIG. 1 employs a large amount of thermally insulating materials for permitting the use of heaters in middle and high temperature ranges, hence being low in the temperature increase and decrease response and hardly improving the throughput. It is thus desired to provide an improved heating apparatus which is high in the thermal response.
Disclosed in Patent Citation 1 is a substrate processing apparatus which allows its heating space to be cooled down rapidly with the cooling gas supplied through the pins which are provided to extend through the heating elements. The thermal response in the heating apparatus can thus be improved by modifying the cooling property. Another substrate processing apparatus disclosed in Patent Citation 2 comprises heating elements disposed in a heater unit to surround the processing chamber, a first reflector disposed to surround the heating elements, and a second reflector disposed to surround the first reflector as spaced at the outer side by a distance from the first reflector so that the efficiency of increasing and decreasing the temperature in the processing chamber can be improved.
It is essential for improving the thermal response in the heating apparatus to ease the adverse effect of reflected or radiated heat on the temperature detector in order to increase the accuracy of the temperature measurement. Patent Citation 3 has proposed, without significant success, some arrangements applicable to the heating apparatus shown in FIG. 1. Patent Citation 4 discloses that the thermally insulating materials for inhibiting the radiation of heat at the cooling passage of the temperature detector are disposed separately while the accuracy of the temperature measurement remains not improved.
Patent Citation 1: WO2007/023855.
Patent Citation 2: Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. 2004-311648.
Patent Citation 3: Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. 2004-228381.
Patent Citation 4: Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. (Heisei) 7-18446.

Heating apparatus, substrate processing apparatus employing the same, method of manufacturing semiconductor devices, and insulator


Disclosed are a method and an apparatus of interference alignment in a cellular network. The method of interference alignment in the cellular network includes: receiving, by a base station, an improper signal from a terminal; and decoding, by the base station, the improper signal based on an improper decoding vector, wherein the improper signal is a signal generated by only a modulation symbol corresponding to a real number value, the improper decoding vector is determined based on an improper precoding vector, and the improper precoding vector has only the real value and separates a real number space and an imaginary number space of a received signal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to wireless communication, and more particularly, to a method and an apparatus of interference alignment in a cellular network.
2. Related Art
In recent years, a service requiring ultra-high wireless communication such as wireless Internet has increased rapidly. As a result, a research into a communication technique that can the ultra-high wireless communication for a next-generation wireless communication system has been actively progressed. Therefore, a lot of researches for a plurality of users to efficiently use resources including time, a frequency, a space, and the like for communication were progressed. However, there is a problem that a high channel capacity for ultra-high communication cannot be acquired due inter-user interference when users are more than given resources by techniques such as a frequency division access technique, a time-division access technique, a code division access technique, and the like in the related art.
Accordingly, in recent years, in order to solve the problem that the high channel capacity cannot be acquired due to the inter-user interference, an interference alignment (IA) technology that separates a desired signal and into different spaces is proposed, and as a result, theoretical development of a transmission and reception technique undesired interference has been reformed. It is demonstrated that such a technique prevents performance degradation by interference without complicated error correction encoding under a multiple user environment of a general interference channel, acquire a degree-of-freedom by maximizing the use of the given resources, and acquire the high channel capacity.
In detail, the interference alignment technique can almost a channel capacity of an interference channel under a situation in which a signal-to-ratio is very high. The interference alignment technology is extended to the cellular network as well as the interference channel to be researched. It is revealed that in the cellular network constituted by two cells, users that are positioned in other cell are applied to a base station of a current cell may allow interference signals to be aligned and received into a specific signal space, and as a result, a lot of signal spaces for users in the current cell may be ensured. For example, when respective users transmits one stream, the users may allow an interference signal applied to the base station of other cell to be aligned and received into one-dimension signal space.

Method and apparatus of interference alignment in cellular network


A non-destructive, direct method and apparatus for producing stretch blow molded articles having at least one physical dimension within a preselected range. The apparatus includes an injection mold defining an injection mold interior surface having a first differentially dimensioned portion disposed at a preselected location thereon and capable of producing a parison having a parison exterior surface including a first marker formed by contact with the first differentially dimensioned portion, and a stretch blow mold defining a stretch blow mold interior surface having a second differentially dimensioned portion disposed at a predetermined location thereon and capable of producing the article from the parison including a second marker formed by contact with the second differentially dimensioned portion. Relative position of the first marker with respect to the second marker indicates whether a dimension is within a preselected range. The method includes injection molding a parison so that a parison exterior surface includes a first marker disposed at a preselected position thereon and formed by contact with a first differentially dimensioned portion disposed at a preselected location on an injection mold interior surface, and stretch blow molding an article from the parison so that an article exterior surface includes a second marker disposed at a predetermined position thereon and formed by contact with a second differentially dimensioned portion disposed at a predetermined location on a stretch blow mold interior surface.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to the field of articles that are blow molded from parisons, and more particularly concerns methods and apparatus for producing stretch blow molded articles formed of polymeric resin and having consistent physical dimensions.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Providing consistent physical dimensions, including consistent material distribution, has been a chronic problem in production of stretch blow molded articles, such as those articles formed from polymeric resins. Difficulties in achieving consistent physical dimensions such as material distribution has led to problems in assuring acceptably high quality of such articles. In addition, difficulties with physical dimensions such as material distribution may exist across various production platforms and between production facilities seeking to produce substantially identical stretch blow molded articles. Consistent physical dimensions such as material distribution are very important for end performance characteristics of stretch blow molded articles such as burst strength, deformation, and stress cracking.
Current material distribution analysis techniques directed to already formed stretch blow molded articles are time consuming, relatively crude in that such techniques provide only gross material distributions, and, in addition, do not lend themselves to automated inspection. One current analysis technique for material distribution is the so-called section weighing method, where, for instance, portions of a stretch blow molded article such as a base, label panel, and shoulder, are cut away from each other and individually weighed to ascertain whether these sections weigh within prescribe tolerances. Despite the availability of the section weighing method, and while this method is adequate for gross, overall material distribution of the sections, the section weighing method cannot account for variability within the section, although variability within a section of a stretch blow molded article has been frequently observed in both laboratory and production environments. Further, the section weighing method is necessarily destructive of the article. Therefore, such method may only be used to indirectly determine whether the material distribution of a stretch blow molded article which has not been cut and weighed but was made using the production parameters of a section weighed article is within acceptable tolerances.
Consequently, there exists a need in the art for a method and apparatus for directly and non-destructively assuring consistent physical dimensions such as material distribution for stretch blow molded articles, in order to produce stretch blow molded articles of consistent quality across various production platforms and between different production facilities.

Method and apparatus for producing stretch blow molded articles


An electrolyte solution applicable to high-voltage electrochemical devices and capable of improving the cycle characteristics of electrochemical devices even at high voltage. The electrolyte solution contains a fluorinated acyclic carbonate and a metal salt having a specific structure. The fluorinated acyclic carbonate is represented by CF3—OCOO—R11 (wherein R11 is a C1 or C2 non-fluorinated alkyl group or a C1 or C2 fluorinated alkyl group) or CFH2—OCOO—R12 (wherein R12 is a C1 or C2 non-fluorinated alkyl group or a C1 or C2 fluorinated alkyl group).

Current electric appliances demonstrate a tendency to have a reduced weight and a smaller size, which leads to development of lithium-ion secondary batteries having a high energy density. Further, lithium-ion secondary batteries are desired to have improved battery characteristics as they are applied to more various fields. The battery characteristics of lithium-ion secondary batteries will become more and more important factors particularly when the batteries are put in use for automobiles.
Patent Literature 1 discloses an electrolyte solution for secondary batteries, containing an electrolyte and a halogen-substituted carbonate, wherein the carbon atoms of the backbone of the halogen-substituted carbonate are saturated.
Patent Literature 2 discloses an electrolyte solution containing a solvent and an electrolyte salt, wherein the solvent contains a cyclic carbonate represented by Chem. 1 and an acyclic carbonate represented by Chem. 2.

In the formula, R1 to R4 are each a hydrogen group, a fluorine group, an alkyl group, or a fluorinated alkyl group, and are the same as or different from each other, and at least one of these is a fluorine group or a fluorinated alkyl group.

In the formula, R5 and R6 are each a hydrogen group, a fluorine group, an alkyl group, or a fluorinated alkyl group, and are the same as or different from each other, and at least one of these is a fluorine group or a fluorinated alkyl group.
Patent Literature 3 discloses an electrolyte solution containing a solvent, an electrolyte salt, and a carboxylic halide, wherein the solvent contains at least one selected from the group consisting of acyclic carbonates and cyclic carbonates, and the acyclic carbonates and the cyclic carbonates include at least one selected from the group consisting of an acyclic carbonate represented by Chem. 3 and containing a halogen as a constituent element and a cyclic carbonate represented by Chem. 4 and containing a halogen as a constituent element.

In the formula, R1 to R6 are each a hydrogen group, a halogen group, an alkyl group, or a halogenated alkyl group, and are the same as or different from each other, and at least one of R1 to R6 contains a halogen as a constituent element.

In the formula, R7 to R10 are each a hydrogen group, a halogen group, an alkyl group, or a halogenated alkyl group, and are the same as or different from each other, and at least one of R7 to R10 contains a halogen as a constituent element.
Patent Literature 4 discloses a non-aqueous electrolyte solution secondary battery including a current collector and, on the current collector, a negative electrode formed as a film of a negative electrode active material containing a metal that occludes and releases lithium, a positive electrode formed from a positive electrode active material that occludes and releases lithium, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing a non-aqueous solvent and a lithium salt dissolved therein, wherein the film of the negative electrode active material includes cuts that extend along the thickness direction of the film and that split the film into pillar-shaped portions, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains a compound represented by the formula (I) shown in Chem. 5.

In the formula, R1 and R2 are each an alkyl group which is non-substituted or contains a variety of substituents; at least one of R1 or R2 is coupled with one or more fluorine atoms; R1 and R2 are the same as or different from each other; and R1 and R2 are individual groups or optionally bind to each other to form a ring.

Electrolytic solution, electrochemical device, lithium-ion secondary cell, and module


A method for acquiring and processing image data of an examination object is provided. A three-dimensional bone model and a three-dimensional blood vessel model are provided. A two-dimensional, first X-ray image and a two-dimensional, second X-ray image of the examination region are acquired having a same image geometry. The first X-ray image is subtracted from the second X-ray image to provide a subtraction image. A first intermediate registration of the first X-ray image is determined in relation to the bone model, and a second intermediate registration of the subtraction image is determined in relation to the blood vessel model. A transformation function that images the first intermediate registration onto the second intermediate registration is determined. A third X-ray image of the examination region is acquired. A bone registration of the third X-ray image in relation to the bone model is determined.

Intra-operative imaging (e.g., via a C-arm X-ray unit) may be used during a large number of medical interventions in assisting an operator. An examination object is to remain accessible, however, so only limited imaging is possible. Exposure of an examination object to radiation and contrast medium may be reduced as far as possible. However, to be able to provide a maximum amount of information, 3D data sets may be acquired pre-operatively, 2D image data may be acquired inter-operatively, 3D data sets may be registered in relation thereto, and a corresponding representation of the 3D data set or an overlaying of a projection of the 3D data set may be displayed in relation to the 2D image data.
If, for example, an abdominal aortic aneurysm is to be treated by inserting a stent graft, the relevant part of the blood vessel system is visualized during the intervention. E-Example data from a CT angiography may be acquired pre-operatively and overlaid with X-ray or fluoroscopy images recorded during the treatment. For this kind of representation, the 2D and 3D data sets are registered with each other (e.g., transformed into a shared coordinate system).
When using contrast medium (e.g., free fluoroscopy images), the greatest contrasts may be caused by bones in the examination object. Registration of the data sets with respect to the bones may be sufficient at least for a first registration of the coordinate systems. The registration with respect to the bones may not be sufficient, however, for more accurate registration, for example of the vessels (aorta) with each other, since the position of the vessels in different data sets may be completely different due to patient positioning or introduction of instruments, etc. More accurate vessel registration may largely be achieved only by registration with angiographies that require administration (e.g., repeated administration) of contrast medium. To avoid repeated administration of the contrast medium, improved approaches that are based, for example, on a registration of the vessel system itself or on calcifications on the vessel system have been developed. A drawback is that the registration methods are typically relatively complex and linked with a C-arm CT, and may therefore only be carried out with difficulty during operation due to a C-arm rotation.

Method for acquiring and processing image data of an examination object


A keyboard device includes a bottom cover, a supporting plate, a flexible circuit board and plural key structures. The supporting plate is installed on the bottom cover. The supporting plate has a curved arc-shaped profile that is bent upwardly in a direction away from the bottom cover. The supporting plate includes plural perforations. The flexible circuit board is arranged between the bottom cover and the supporting plate. The plural key structures are installed on the supporting plate. The plural key structures are penetrated through the corresponding perforations and contacted with the flexible circuit board.

With increasing development of science and technology, a variety of electronic devices are designed in views of convenience and user-friendliness. For helping the user well operate the electronic devices, the electronic devices are gradually developed in views of humanization. The input devices of the common electronic devices include for example mouse devices, keyboard devices, trackball devices, or the like. Via the keyboard device, characters or symbols can be inputted into the computer system directly. As a consequence, most users and most manufacturers of input devices pay much attention to the development of keyboard devices.
Nowadays, most computer users often use the computers for a long time because of working, leisure or entertainment purposes. Consequently, the comfort of using the keyboard device is an important factor influencing the health of computer user. Generally, the computer user often gets repetitive stress injury (RSI) because the posture of using the keyboard device is not proper. When a conventional standard keyboard device is used to type, the wrist joints may bend at an angle and the fingers cannot be stretched naturally. That is, the posture is not good. If the keyboard device has been used for a long time, it is easy to cause damage to the user's wrists, fingers, hand joints and shoulders. In order to prevent the computer users from getting repetitive stress injuries because of poor postures when using computers for a long time, keyboard devices designed according to ergonomics consideration have been introduced into the market.
In a conventional ergonomic keyboard, the main key area is divided into two sub-key areas from a middle region. That is, the two sub-key areas include a left sub-key area and a right sub-key area. There is an included angle between the adjacent edges of the left sub-key area and the right sub-key area. Moreover, there is an included angle between each sub-key region and a keyboard base. In other words, the two sub-key areas are inclined to the keyboard base to form a mountain-shaped structure. Due to this structural design, the two hands of the user can be placed on the keyboard device at the natural tilt angle. Since the hands of the user are naturally placed on the keyboard device, the possibility of causing injuries of the user will be reduced.
Regardless of a standard keyboard device or an ergonomic keyboard device, plural keys are installed on a flat metal supporting plate according to the structure of the keyboard device. However, the ergonomic keyboard device is equipped with additional mechanisms to install the plural keys on the flat metal supporting plate. Consequently, the two sub-key areas can be inclined to the keyboard base to form a mountain-shaped structure. In other words, the fabricating cost of the ergonomic keyboard device is largely increased.
Therefore, there is a need of providing an improved keyboard device in order to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional technologies.


Methods and apparatus to reduce pressure fluctuations in a chemical delivery system for a process chamber are provided herein. In some embodiments, a chemical delivery system for a process chamber, includes: a carrier gas supply; an ampoule fluidly coupled to the carrier gas supply via a first supply line, wherein the ampoule is configured to supply one or more process gases to the process chamber via a second supply line; an inlet valve disposed in line with the first supply line to control a flow of a carrier gas from the carrier gas supply to the ampoule; and a first control valve disposed in line with a pressure regulation line, wherein the pressure regulation line is fluidly coupled to the first supply line at a tee location between the carrier gas supply and the inlet valve.

Substrate processing equipment may include solid chemical delivery systems to provide one or more process gases to a process chamber, for example, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chamber, an atomic layer deposition (ALD) chamber, an etch chamber, or the like, for performing a suitable chemical process. Solid chemical delivery systems typically include a sublimation vessel, or ampoule, that contains a solid-state precursor. A carrier gas may be flowed through the ampoule to sublime the solid-state precursor to form the one or more process gases to be delivered to the process chamber. However, when the carrier gas is introduced into the ampoule, an initial pressure spike may inadvertently cause the solid-state precursor to mix with the one or more process gases, causing solid-state precursor to contaminate the delivery lines from the ampoule to the process chamber.
Accordingly, the inventors have provided improved solid chemical delivery systems for reducing contamination.

Methods and apparatus to reduce pressure fluctuations in an ampoule of a chemical delivery system


A circuit board including a board body, at least one first connector, and at least one second connector is provided. The board body has an edge and at least one auxiliary scribed line. The auxiliary scribed line is substantially parallel to the edge. The first connector is disposed on the board body and adjacent to the edge. The second connector is disposed on the board body and adjacent to the auxiliary scribed line. The second connector is electrically connected to the first connector. The first connector and the second connector are located on the different sides of the auxiliary scribed line.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a circuit board. More particularly, the present invention relates to a circuit board having at least one auxiliary scribed line.
2. Description of Related Art
Generally speaking, a conventional circuit board for carrying and electrically connecting a plurality of electronic components is mainly constituted of a plurality of wiring layers and a plurality of insulating layers which are stacked alternately. The wiring layers are formed of copper foils via a lithography/etching process, and the insulating layers are disposed between the adjacent wiring layers respectively, so as to isolate the wiring layers. Furthermore, the stacked wiring layers are electrically connected to one another through conductive vias. Additionally, various electronic components, such as active components or passive components, are further arranged on the surface of the circuit board, so as to achieve the purpose of electrical signal propagation through the circuits inside the circuit board.
In notebook computers, with different sizes (such as 14 inches, 15 inches, or 17 inches) of the displays of the notebook computers, the sizes of the mainboards arranged inside the mainframes of the notebook computers are also different. In the conventional art, manufacturers usually adopt different processes to meet different requirements on the sizes of the mainboards. However, the manufacturing cost is high if the mainboards with different sizes are manufactured through different processes.
In addition to the aforementioned conventional art, another conventional art is further provided. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional mainboard. Referring to FIG. 1, the conventional mainboard 100 is applicable to a notebook computer having a 14-inch display. When the conventional mainboard 100 is applied in a notebook computer having a 15-inch display, a plurality of connectors 110 on the mainboard 100 cannot meet the design of the internal space of the mainframe (not shown), so the connectors 110 cannot be exposed outside the mainframe. Therefore, the mainboard 100 must be electrically connected to a medium circuit board 10.
In particular, the medium circuit board 10 has a plurality of connectors 12. The connectors 110 on the mainboard 100 are electrically connected to the connectors 12 of the medium circuit board 10 through a connection cable 120. The connectors 12 are partially exposed outside the mainframe to connect peripheral equipments. However, the medium circuit board 10 and the connection cable 120 causes an increase of the cost and occupies the internal space of the mainframes, and also more working hours must be spent in assembling the medium circuit board 10 and the connection cable 120.

Circuit board having at least one auxiliary scribed line


A three-phase common tank type gas circuit breaker has a grounded tank filled with an insulating gas and accommodating three interrupter assemblies for three phases of the electric power. Each assembly includes a parallel electrical connection of an interrupter having stationary and movable contacts, a capacitor and a closing resistor. The interrupters for the three phases are disposed in spaced relationship circumferentially of the tank and have axes extending axially of the tank. The closing resistor for each phase is disposed on one side of the associated interrupter adjacent an adjacent interrupter for a different phase, while the capacitor for each phase is disposed on the inner or outer side of the associated interrupter, whereby the radial and axial dimensions of the grounded tank can be reduced.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a three-phase common tank type gas circuit breaker and, more particularly, to a three-phase common tank type gas circuit breaker used in a large power system such as of 550 KV and which has single-break closing resistors and capacitors.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Power systems of high voltage and large capacity are becoming a matter of great concern in view of the recent increasing demand for electrical power. This has given a rise to a demand for increased capacities of circuit breakers, used in substations to break greater powers of higher voltages. Circuit breakers also are required to have a reduced number of breaks as well as to cope with the increase in the power to be broken, in order to attain an improved braking performance. More specifically, dual break type circuit breakers capable of breaking 50 KA current, usable in 550 KV line for example, have been put in practical use. However, a demand exists for single break circuit breaker of the same class as above. This applies also to the case of gas-insulated circuit breakers. For example, in Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 2-46616 a single break circuit breaker, a so-called three phase common tank type gas circuit breaker, is proposed wherein, interrupters for three phases are accommodated by a common hermetic tank so as to reduce the size of the entire gas-insulated circuit breaker.
In this circuit breaker, in order to deal with an electric line of a large capacity of the order of 550 KV, a closing resistor for limiting closing switching overvoltage and a capacitor for limiting transient recovery voltage are disposed in parallel with the interrupter of each phase.
In the prior art described, the circuit breaker has a grounded tank and three-phase assemblies for the three phases of the power accommodated in the grounded tank, with each assembly having an interrupter, a closing resistor and a capacitor connected in parallel with the interrupter. More specifically, the closing resistors are disposed on the radially inner side of the interrupters and the capacitors are disposed in the central region of the grounded tank, with the closing resistors and the capacitors being shielded by a cylindrical shield member. Single break function requires that one interrupter is associated with a capacitor which corresponds in capacitance to those used for conventional dual break type breakers. In addition, circuit breakers for use in such a large power line as of 550 KV class require closing resistors which have a length of about one meter and which are connected in series. The arrangement of the closing resistors in the prior art circuit breaker, therefore, cannot provide a compact circuit breaker because the dimensions of the circuit breaker tend to be increased due to large axial dimensions of the closing resistors.


A transmitter on an instrument is used to induce currents in an earth formation when it is turned on or off. A Fourier transform is applied to transient measurements made in the receivers. A multifrequency focusing of the transformed data is used for applications like determination of a distance to an interface in the formation, controlling the drilling direction, determination of formation resistivities and formation strike directions.

1. Field of the Disclosure
The disclosure is related to the field of electromagnetic induction well logging for estimating a property of earth formations penetrated by a wellbore.
2. Description of the Related Art
Electromagnetic induction resistivity instruments can be used to determine the electrical conductivity of earth formations surrounding a wellbore. An electromagnetic induction well logging instrument is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,452,761 ("the '671 patent") issued to Beard et al. The instrument described in the Beard '761 patent includes a transmitter coil and a plurality of receiver coils positioned at axially spaced apart locations along an instrument housing. An alternating current is passed through the transmitter coil. Voltages which are induced in the receiver coils as a result of alternating magnetic fields induced in the earth formations are then measured. The magnitude of certain phase components of the induced receiver voltages are related to the conductivity of the media surrounding the instrument.
Resistivity tools, referred to as deep-looking electromagnetic tools, are used to determine properties of earth formation at distances from tens to hundreds of meters (ultra-deep scale) from the borehole. Such tools are typically limited to high resistivity formations and are further constrained by the power available downhole.
Induction measurements in frequency domain are widely used in LWD/wireline formation evaluation (FE) and geosteering. Acquiring measurements at more than one frequency allows one to apply a multi-frequency focusing technique (MFF) which efficiently eliminates near-borehole effects, increases depth of investigation, and simplifies the dependence of tool responses to formation parameters. The latter is especially important in interpreting multi-component data in deviated wells where the complexity of the tool responses often precludes from obtaining fast and accurate results. The MFF applications with conventional and multi-component measurements are described in numerous patents, papers, and reports and include but are not limited to:                Determining formation resistivities and resistivity anisotropy in isotropic, transverse isotropic (TI) and bi-axially anisotropic models;        Determining formation dips and azimuths in anisotropic formations;        Using the MFF technique in LWD FE applications and geosteering in the presence of a drill pipe;        MFF deep geosteering based on distance to bed processing and/or processing for formation dip and azimuth;        Processing and corrections for fracture.See, for example U.S. Pat. No. 7,027,922 to Bespalov et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,031,839 to Tabarovsky et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,574,562 to Tabarovsky et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 7,392,137 to Tabarovsky et al., all having the same assignee as the present document and the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
At the ultra-deep scale, a technology may be employed based on transient field behavior. The transient electromagnetic field method is widely used in surface geophysics. Examples of transient technology are seen, for example, in Kaufman et al., 1983, "Frequency and transient soundings", Elsevier Science.; Sidorov et al., 1969, "Geophysical surveys with near zone transient EM." Published by NVIGG, Saratov, Russia.; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,027,922 to Bespalov et al., having the same assignee as the present disclosure and the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Bespalov teaches the use of differential or integral filtering of the latter part of a transient signal to estimate formation properties in the presence of a mandrel with finite conductivity.
Multi-frequency focusing (MFF) is an efficient way of increasing depth of investigation for electromagnetic logging tools. It is being successfully used in wireline applications, for example, in processing and interpretation of multi-component measurement devices. An example of such a device is the 3DExplorer® (3DEX®) induction logging instrument of Baker Hughes. In the 3DEX® instrument, three transmitters are placed axially on a tool mandrel and induce magnetic fields in three mutually orthogonal spatial directions: x, y, and z. The z-axis is chosen to be along the longitudinal axis of the tool, and the x-axis and y-axis are mutually perpendicular lying in the plane transverse to the z-axis. Three receivers, Rx, Rz, and Ry, are aligned along the orthogonal system defined by the transmitters. Measurements can be made for the corresponding magnetic fields Hxx, Hzz, and Hyy, as well as cross-components, Hxy and Hxz. The 3DEX® is operable in single frequency and multiple frequency modes.
MFF is based on specific assumptions regarding the frequency-dependence of electromagnetic field in the frequency domain. For MWD tools mounted on metal mandrels, those assumptions are not valid. Particularly, the composition of a mathematical series describing an EM field at low frequencies changes when a highly conductive body is placed in the vicinity of sensors. Only if the mandrel material were perfectly conducting, would MFF be applicable.
One of the drawbacks of multifrequency acquisition is the time needed to acquire signals at a plurality of frequencies can be large. In addition, maintaining the transmitter circuits in tune for the plurality of frequencies may become a problem. In contrast, TEM methods require a shorter acquisition time and a single circuit. However, such methods typically use more complicated A/D conversion to handle small sampling intervals needed for TEM measurements. The present disclosure provides an improved method of processing TEM signals.

Transient EM for geosteering and LWD/wireline formation evaluation


A water recovery apparatus for a motor vehicle, for recovering water from ambient air, encompasses:                a conveying conduit;        a condenser device that is embodied to modify the absolute value of at least one dew-relevant state variable of a working gas delivered through the conveying conduit to the condenser device;        a water discharge device that is embodied to discharge from the condenser device water condensed out of the working gas by the condenser device,the conveying conduit being embodied to convey ambient air as the working gas to the condenser device, the water recovery apparatus is embodied to deliver working gas continuously to the condenser device.

A water recovery apparatus of this kind for a motor vehicle is known from DE 10 2016 206 043 A1. It serves to extract water contained in ambient air from the ambient air, and deliver it to a water injection device. The water injection device injects water into the fresh mixture of an internal combustion engine in order to decrease a knock tendency of the internal combustion engine and to reduce temperatures of a combustion exhaust gas released from the internal combustion engine. The injection of water into the fresh mixture occurs either directly into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine or into the intake manifold.
The known water recovery apparatus encompasses an absorption element, past which ambient air is passed and which in that context extracts water from the ambient air. The absorption element is regeneratable by heating, i.e. the absorption element releases the water extracted from the ambient air again when its element temperature is raised. For this purpose, hot combustion exhaust gas can be directed in an exhaust gas bypass duct past a heat exchange surface that is in turn in thermally transferring communication with the absorption element. The heat of the combustion exhaust gas can thus be used in order to heat and therefore regenerate the absorption element with no risk of contaminating the absorption element and the water absorbed by it, since the absorption element is physically separated from the combustion exhaust gas by the heat exchange surface.
The known water recovery apparatus is disadvantageous in that at any one time, flow can only ever occur through one duct from among the exhaust gas bypass duct and the conveying conduit portion passing by the absorption element. The water recovery apparatus has for that purpose corresponding shutoff valves, of which always only one allows flow while the other shuts it off. The known water recovery apparatus therefore operates in such a way that firstly water is absorbed at the absorption element, then the exhaust gas bypass duct is shut off, and after a sufficient absorption time the conveying conduit portion passing by the absorption element is shut off and flow occurs through the exhaust gas bypass duct. In this phase, the absorption element becomes regenerated and releases the previously absorbed water. The working gas, thereby enriched with water in the vicinity of the absorption element, is then delivered to a condenser device where the water dissolved in the working gas is separated from the working gas in known fashion by condensation, and is delivered in a liquid phase via the water discharge device to a water reservoir.

Continuously operating water recovery apparatus for a motor vehicle


A method, system, and computer program product are provided, wherein the bandwidth necessary to transmit an item of image data is reduced. When items of image data are identified in a datastream, they are extracted from the datastream. The image data item is then divided into a series of subregions of variable size. Where efficiency dictates that the operation is appropriate, the subregions are replaced in the image data item with a unique identifier to produce a reduced image. The reduced image is then packaged into a new data structure containing a header, the reduced image, and a decoding table that will allow the replacement of the identifiers with the extracted subregions. Where subregions are repeated, as they frequently are in images of large size, this arrangement will allow for the compression of the image by the elimination of redundant data that merely represents a repeated subregions. When the image reaches its destination, the it is decoded to reproduce the original image.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates in general to data transmission and in particular to reducing datastream transmission bandwidth. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to reducing the bandwidth consumed in transmission of a datastream by encoding image data within the datastream through a compression algorithm.
2. Description of the Related Art
The revolution in data processing system speed has brought about a corresponding expansion of the types of tasks performed by data processing systems. In the field of image processing, data processing systems now receive, process, and produce all manner of images and image-embedded documents. Many, if not most, of these tasks involve the transmission of images between a data processing system and a peripheral device or another data processing system. Examples of such tasks include the printing of a paper document, the acquisition of a digital image from a digital camera, and the viewing of a web page.
The capacity of interlinks between data processing systems, frequently called available bandwidth, has improved at a substantial pace, and the capacity of interlinks between data processing systems and their peripherals has also improved, although at a frustratingly slow pace. Because of the long process of standardization in peripheral interfaces and protocols for machine interaction, revolutionary improvements in available bandwidth have arrived only very slowly. The traffic across the available bandwidth in many applications, however, has increased at a much faster pace.
Digital cameras provide an excellent example of this phenomenon. The last few years have witnessed a tremendous improvement in the pixel resolution of the images captured by digital cameras, but this revolution in resolution has exponentially increased the size of the image files that must be transported between the camera peripheral and the data processing system that processes the image files. The stagnation in capacity of the available interlinks has created tremendous frustration among users as they wait for images to upload from the digital camera to the data processing system.
Other examples include the increasing reliance on images in ever more sophisticated desktop publishing applications, and the ubiquitous images that have turned the worldwide web from a text-based interface to a complicated multimedia experience. In the case of the worldwide web, it was once predicted that the images embedded in web pages would eventually bring the internet to a standstill. Though the prophets of doom predicted an outcome far more bleak than reality, the frustration of waiting for large images embedded in web pages to download is a disturbingly common experience, especially for users of dial-up modems, which communicate over conventional telephone lines.
With no immediate hope of expanding the bandwidth available for the transmission of image data between data processing systems and between data processing systems and their peripherals, and with the volume of image data transmitted increasing almost daily due to improvements in image acquisition, image processing, and data storage, what is needed is a method of reducing the bandwidth consumed in transmission of a datastream by encoding image data within the datastream through a compression algorithm. Such a method would reduce perceived delay in transmissions and correspondingly reduce the frustration of users who wait impatiently as image content is delivered to their data processing systems, their printers, or their web terminals.

Automatic method of identifying image subregions for reuse during datastream transmission