A developing device, of a wet type printer, provided with a reservoir for holding developer liquid. A developing roller is installed at an upper region of the reservoir, and contacts a photosensitive belt. A cleaning device for cleaning the developing roller, is in contact with the developing roller. An auxiliary reservoir is installed below the developing roller, and within the reservoir, to hold a predetermined amount of the developer liquid in which the lower portion of the developing roller is immersed to a predetermined depth. The cleaning device is installed within the auxiliary reservoir to be immersed in the developer liquid and is provided with a rotating shaft and a brush installed around the circumferential surface of the rotating shaft. The developing roller is effectively cleaned, by the cleaning device, and particles adhering to the developing roller are easily removed. The removed particles are then recovered and used again in subsequent printing operations.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a developing device of a wet type printer, and more particularly, to a developing device of a wet type printer in which the efficiency of cleaning a developing roller and the recovery rate of developer particles are enhanced.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, an electrographic printer such as a laser printer uses a photosensitive medium such as a photosensitive belt on which a latent electrostatic image is formed. The electrographic printers are classified into two major groups, i.e., wet type printers and dry type printers according to the type of developer used. The wet type printers use a developer composed of a mixture of a volatile liquid carrier and a toner. The wet type electrographic printers using such a liquid developer exhibit better print quality than dry type electrographic printers which use powder toner. Further, the wet type printers prevent suffering from hazardous toner dust and are, therefore, being increasingly used.
Referring to FIG. 1, a photosensitive belt 110 circulates in a closed loop around three rollers 121, 122 and 123. The first roller 121 transfers a toner image formed on the photosensitive belt 110 to a transfer roller 124. The transfer roller 124 then transfers the transferred toner image to a paper 125. A pressing roller 128, which contacts the transfer roller 124 with the paper 125 therebetween, presses the paper 125 toward the transfer roller 124 at a constant pressure to transfer the toner image on the transfer roller 124 to the paper 125. A charging device 135, for charging the photosensitive surface of the photosensitive belt 110, is positioned along the path of the photosensitive belt 110 between the first roller 121 and the second roller 122. Laser scanning units 130 form a latent electrostatic image by illuminating a laser beam on the photosensitive surface of the photosensitive belt 110. Developing devices 140 of respective colors develop the latent electrostatic image into the toner image by supplying the scanned photosensitive surface with developer liquid. The laser scanning units 130 and the developing devices are alternately installed along the path of the photosensitive belt 110 between the second roller 122 and the third roller 123. Pairs of backup rollers 126 and 127, corresponding to the respective developing devices 140, are installed inside the photosensitive belt 110 between the second roller 122 and the third roller 123.
Referring to FIG. 2, the conventional developing device 140 is provided with a first squeegee roller 146 and a developing roller 143 corresponding to the backup rollers 126 and 127. A cleaning roller 144 which rotates in the same direction as the developing roller 143, is installed at a lower part of the developing roller 143. A lower portion of the cleaning roller 144 is immersed in developer liquid 141. A second squeegee roller 147 is installed alongside of the first squeegee roller 146. The squeegee rollers 146 and 147 squeegee the developer liquid adhering to the photosensitive belt 110. Scrapers 146a and 147a remove developer liquid from squeegee rollers 146 and 147, respectively. A developer liquid supplying device 148 is installed alongside of the developing roller 143. A blade 149 installed between the developer liquid supplying device 148 and the developing roller 143 for preventing the developer liquid supplied from the developer liquid supplying device 148 from flowing in a direction opposite that of the rotation of the developing roller 143.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the tubular rotating shaft 200 of the cleaning roller 144 is provided with developer liquid passages 232 on the circumferential surface thereof. A plurality of cleaning members 201 are closely fitted on the circumferential surface of the tubular rotating shaft. Since the cleaning roller 144 rotates in the same direction as does the developing roller 143, there is friction between the cleaning members 201 and the developing roller 143 thereby cleaning the surface of the developing roller 143. Developing liquid for cleaning developing roller 143 is supplied through a cavity 202 of the tubular rotating shaft 200.
In the conventional developing device as described above, the structure of the cleaning device for cleaning the developing roller 143 is complicated. In addition, when the cleaning members are partially abraded, some particles of the developer liquid remain adhered to the developing roller 143. The remaining particles are separated from the developing roller 143 by the blade 149. The removed particles may adhere to the developer liquid supplying device in a sludge state, and accordingly recovery of particles for reuse is not effectively accomplished. Further, because the developing roller and the cleaning roller are driven by separate motors and the relative frictional force is relatively large, more powerful motors are required.


A down hole well tool (1) comprising a tool unit comprising at least one first fluid conduit (2) and a return fluid conduit (3) in use forming a well annulus between the tool unit and a well bore, and at least one piston (4) dividing the well annulus into well annulus spaces. The piston comprises at least two piston bodies wherein a first piston body (4a) is arranged to rotate with the tool unit and a second piston body (4b) is arranged in a position in between the first piston body and the well bore. The first piston body is arranged to rotate relative the second piston body and first sealing means are arranged in between the first piston body and the second piston body.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a down hole well tool having at least two fluid conduits.
2. Description of Related Art
U.S. Pat. No. 4,534,426 ("Hooper") discloses a packer and pressure differential drilling tool and method of controlled pressure balanced drilling in big hole well bores and shafts. The tool and method are characterized by a large diameter packer slidably engaged with the well bore over a drill bit and through which a dual drill pipe operates and isolates drilling fluid from a hydrostatic head of fluid standing in the well bore surrounding the dual drill pipe. The packer functions as a non-rotatable ram slidable down the well bore and supporting the hydrostatic head and applying weight to the drill bit

Down hole well tool provided with a piston


The invention provides a semiconductor device that generates a clock signal with a fixed pulse width from a carrier. The invention also provides a semiconductor device where data can be obtained accurately from a carrier using a clock signal with a fixed pulse width. Further, the invention provides a semiconductor device that has a simpler circuit configuration and a smaller scale, and consumes less power as compared to the PLL circuit. According to the invention, a signal obtained by dividing a carrier including 100% modulation is not used as a clock signal, and a correction circuit is used to generate a clock signal using a demodulated signal and a signal obtained by dividing the carrier including 100% modulation. According to the invention having such a configuration, a clock signal with a fixed pulse width can be generated.

In a semiconductor device communicating data wirelessly, high frequency electromagnetic waves transmitted from a reader/writer are received by an antenna to generate a power supply needed for circuit operation. In addition, data is transmitted by affecting electromagnetic waves in some way by a signal and modifying the amplitude, frequency, phase (also called position) and the like of the electromagnetic waves. Such a change in the amplitude and the like of the electromagnetic waves is called modulation. Electronic waves for transmitting signals are called carriers. A semiconductor device communicating data wirelessly is called a wireless IC card, an RFID tag, a wireless chip, a transponder, a wireless memory, an ID tag, an IC chip, or an ID card.
The rate of change of the amplitude of a modulated carrier is called a modulation depth. For example, a carrier with a modulation depth of 100% includes a state where the amplitude does not change (see FIG. 7A), while a carrier with a modulation depth of 10% includes a state where the amplitude is changed by 10% (see FIG. 7B). Note that a modulated carrier is hereinafter simply referred to as a carrier or a carrier including modulation. Further, a carrier with a modulation depth of 100% may be referred to as a carrier including 100% modulation.
According to a communication system defined by ISO/IEC 15693, which is the standard for vicinity wireless IC cards, data is coded using a pulse position modulation system where a carrier with a frequency of 13.56 MHz is modulated at 100% or 10% to change the pulse position and detect data. ISO/IEC 14443 (TYPE-A) and ISO/IEC 18000-3 are standards similar to the ISO/IEC 15693 standard. The ISO/IEC 14443 (TYPE-A) standard defines that 100% modulation has an amplitude 5% or less of an initial amplitude (amplitude in a state where a signal is not modulated).
One of the pulse position modulation systems defined by the aforementioned standards, which is called 4PPM (Pulse Position Modulation), is described with reference to FIG. 8A. FIG. 8A shows carrier waveforms of 2-bit data "00", "01", "10", and "11", and carrier waveforms of frame codes "SOF" and "EOF". A line between rectangular black portions shows a pulse-modulated position of a carrier, and each carrier representing "00", "01", "10", "11", "SOF" and "EOF" has different pulse-modulated positions.
The duration of each carrier representing "00", "01", "10", "11" and "SOF" is 75.2 μs, the duration of a carrier representing "EOF" is 37.76 μs, and the duration of the modulated portion of each carrier is 9.44 μs. The frame code "SOF" (Start Of Frame) is a signal representing the start of a frame, while the frame code "EOF" (End Of Frame) is a signal representing the end of a frame. The frame code "SOF" is a signal transmitted before each carrier representing "00", "01", "10" and "11" while the frame code "EOF" is a signal transmitted after each carrier representing "00", "01", "10" and "11".
A flag signal and data such as a command are coded by the aforementioned pulse position modulation system, and the coded carrier is transmitted from a reader/writer to a semiconductor device. The semiconductor device demodulates the modulated carrier received from the reader/writer, and reads the pulse position to obtain data.
A common method for obtaining data of a semiconductor device is described with reference to FIG. 8B. Data obtained by the semiconductor device herein is a carrier modulated at 100%, which represents "00", "01", "10" and "11" and uses "SOF" as a start signal.
The semiconductor device uses a clock signal to obtain data. The clock signal herein is a signal synchronized with a carrier modulated at 100%, and a half period of the clock signal is equal to the modulation width. The semiconductor device has a counter for counting two bits of count 1 and count 2 using a clock signal. The counter repeatedly counts from "00" to "11", provided that "00" is the timing at which "SOF" is modulated at 100% for the first time. The timing of modulating each carrier at 100% corresponds to the counter value. Accordingly, the semiconductor device demodulates the modulated carrier and reads the pulse position to obtain data by using the counter value as the timing of modulating the carrier at 100%.
A carrier representing the data "00" is modulated at 100% when the counter counts "00", and a carrier representing the data "01" is modulated at 100% when the counter counts "01" (see FIG. 8B). Similarly, a carrier representing the data "10" is modulated at 100% when the counter counts "10", and a carrier representing the data "11" is modulated at 100% when the counter counts "11". Thus, the semiconductor device can obtain the data "00", "01", "10" and "11" by using the counter value as the timing of modulating each carrier at 100%.
As described above, the semiconductor device demodulates a modulated carrier and reads the pulse position to obtain data by using the clock signal and the counter. However, a signal received by the semiconductor device from an antenna is only a carrier and a demodulated signal obtained by demodulating the carrier. Therefore, it is necessary to generate a clock signal for detecting the pulse position in the semiconductor device.
In order to generate a clock signal in a semiconductor device, a PLL (Phase Locked Loop) circuit may be provided in the semiconductor device. The PLL circuit detects a phase difference between an input signal and an output signal and controls a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) for generating an output signal, so that an output signal with a frequency accurately synchronized with an input signal can be obtained. By providing the PLL circuit in the semiconductor device, a waveform synchronized with a carrier or a demodulated signal can be obtained to generate a clock signal utilized for internal operation.

Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.


An electronic book reading apparatus mainly includes a user interface, an operation controlling unit, and a display unit. The user interface allows a user to flip an appropriate number of pages of a displayed electronic book. The user interface includes a plurality of sensing units for generating sensing signals in response to the flipping operations. The operation controlling unit is used for determining a speed and direction of the flipping operations and generating a speed signal and a direction signal according to the sensing signals. The display unit receives the direction signal, flips the appropriate number of pages of the displayed electronic book in a corresponding direction according to the received speed signal and direction signal, and displays the resulting page of the electronic book after flipping. A related method is provided.

As computer technology have developed and grown in popularity, electronic books and publications have also increased and are finding widespread acceptance in the general public. As opposed to books in paper form, electronic books are read on a corresponding electronic book reading apparatus that displays pages of information just as they would appear in a paper book, thereby reducing costs in printing, binding, warehousing, and distributing.
The electronic book reading apparatus is widely known. A typical one is a hand-held book device including a display device to display the text data and a user interface that allows a user to navigate through the text data. The display device and the user interface are incorporated in a hand-held housing to facilitate portability of the electronic book reading device.
Furthermore, many electronic book reading devices have the user interface in the form of one or more buttons. The user is required to depress a selected button to flip over pages. However, this operation manner is not intuitive, and thus the user may feel bothered with this operation manner.
What is needed, therefore, is an electronic book reading apparatus which provides a simple, intuitive, or efficient user interface for reading the electronic book.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Electronic book reading apparatus and method


A main brake cylinder, for use within an electronic braking system for motor vehicles, having a device for contactless monitoring of a position of a piston that can be linearly moved along a piston axis. The device includes a movable element and a sensor unit. The sensor unit is fixedly arranged on a housing of the main brake cylinder and is connected to an electronic evaluation unit for processing signals from the device. According to the invention, in order to further increase function precision, to lower manufacturing expenditure, number of components, and costs, to reduce overall length, and to improve calibration options, a magnetic field is realized such as to be emittable from the sensor unit, and a yoke is dedicated to the piston for position-dependently changing the magnetic field such that the change can be detected by the sensor unit.

Brake master cylinders having a contactless detection means are known in principle.
For example, DE 10 2004 014 808 A1, which is incorporated by reference, describes a brake master cylinder, a magnet being provided as transmitter element such that it is arranged between two pistons in a bore of the housing and can be displaced relative to at least one of the pistons by means of spring means. In order to guide the magnet, a piston has a journal-like piston section, on which a carrier for the magnet is arranged in a resiliently prestressed manner. However, an arrangement of this type of a magnet requires a relatively complicated construction with additional components and conflicts with a regular desire for a reduction of the dimensions.

Main brake cylinder having a device for the contactless monitoring of the position and movement of a linearly movable piston


An image-forming device according to the present invention is provided with an image-carrying body, a transfer medium, which transfers the toner image formed on the image-carrying body to a transfer material, and an affixing body provided at the perimeter of the transfer medium, which electrically affixes and holds the transfer material to the transfer medium. The transfer medium is made up of at least a semiconducting layer and a conductive substrate supporting it. The semiconducting layer has a foam portion with foam particles which increase in diameter toward the conductive substrate. This foam portion is made of a dielectric sheet, which is manufactured by forming a foaming dielectric polymer into a sheet, and heating the two surfaces thereof at different temperatures. The foregoing structure can provide a desired elasticity with the portion with foam particles of large diameter, and a desired surface smoothness with the portion with foam particles of small diameter. Accordingly, the surface potential of the transfer drum can be maintained uniformly and stably, thus eliminating poor affixing of the transfer material to the transfer drum and poor transfer of the toner image to the transfer material.

In some conventional image-forming devices, an electrostatic latent image formed on a photoreceptive drum is developed and made visible by affixing toner thereto, and the toner image thus formed is transferred to a transfer material wrapped around a transfer drum.
In this type of image-forming device, as shown, for example, in FIG. 10, inside a drum 101 having a dielectric layer 101a are separately provided a corona electrical charger 102, for affixing a transfer sheet P to the drum 101, and a corona electrical charger 104, for transferring to the transfer sheet P a toner image formed on a photoreceptor drum 103. Thus affixing of the transfer sheet P and transfer of the toner image to the transfer sheet P are performed separately, by the corona electrical chargers 102 and 104, respectively.
Again, some image-forming devices, as shown in FIG. 11, are provided with a drum 201 with a two-layer structure of an outer semiconducting layer 201a and an inner base material 201b, and with a gripping structure 202, for maintaining a transfer sheet P in contact with the drum 201. In this image-forming device, the gripping structure 202 grasps one end of the transfer sheet P and brings it into contact with the surface of the drum 201. Then the surface of the drum 201 is given a charge by application of a voltage to the outer semiconducting layer 201a or by discharge of an electrical charger provided inside the drum 201. In this way, the toner image formed on the photoreceptor drum 103 is transferred to the transfer sheet P.
However, in the image-forming device shown in FIG. 10, the drum 101, which is a transfer roller, has a single-layer structure of the dielectric layer 101a only. Therefore, the corona electrical chargers 102 and 104 must be provided inside the drum 101. This places restrictions on the size of the drum 101, creating the problem that the size of the device as a whole cannot be reduced.
In the image-forming device shown in FIG. 11, the two-layer structure of the drum 201 is used to give the drum 201 the charge necessary to transfer the toner image to the transfer sheet P. Therefore, in this image-forming device, the number of chargers can be reduced. However, provision of the gripping structure 202 makes the structure of the image-forming device as a whole more complex. This leads to problems such as increase of the number of parts in the device as a whole and of the cost of manufacture.
In order to solve the foregoing problems, Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. 74975/1990 (Tokukaihei 2-74975), for example, discloses an image-forming device in which a corona electrical charger driven by a unipolar power source is provided near the point where a transfer material separates from a transfer drum made up of conductive rubber and a dielectric film layered on a grounded metal roll. In this image-forming device, a charge is induced in the conductive film by the corona electrical charger, thus affixing the transfer material to the transfer drum. After the transfer material is affixed to the transfer drum, a further charge is induced, causing transfer to occur.
Accordingly, in the above image-forming device, the affixing of the transfer material and the transfer of the toner image carried out by charging the surface of the transfer drum can both be carried out by a single charger. As a result, the transfer drum can be reduced in size. Further, there is no need for a structure like the gripping structure 202 to hold the transfer material, and the transfer material can be affixed by means of a simple structure.
Further, U.S. Pat. No. 5,390,012 discloses a transfer device provided with a transfer drum having at least an elastic layer made of a foam material and a dielectric layer covering the elastic layer, in which single-color toner images successively formed on a photoreceptor drum are successively transferred to a transfer material affixed to the transfer drum, thus forming a full-color image on the transfer material.
In this transfer device, the transfer material is electrostatically affixed to the transfer drum using an affixing roller as charge applying means. Further, by providing a gap of 10 .mu.m or more between the elastic layer and the dielectric layer, a charge is allowed to build up on the reverse side of the dielectric layer (the side away from the transfer material). As a result, the potential of the dielectric layer can be maintained without being influenced by the environment, thus improving the affixing of the transfer material to the transfer drum. Also disclosed is a method of creating an electric field necessary to affix the transfer material to the surface of the transfer drum by scattering insulator particles in the gap between the elastic layer and the dielectric layer.
Although it is not disclosed in the foregoing, a method providing an intermediate resistor between the dielectric layer and the elastic layer is also possible. In this case, the change of the electric field due to the gap between the elastic layer and the dielectric layer will be as small as possible.
Further, Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 84902/1993 (Tokukohei 5-84902) discloses a multi-layered transfer device having a transfer drum for transferring a toner image formed on a photoreceptor drum to a transfer material at a transfer point. On the transfer drum is layered a dielectric layer with a dielectric constant of 3.0 to 13.0, a thickness of 70 .mu.m to 200 .mu.m, and a critical surface tension of no more than 40 dyne/cm. In this multi-layered transfer device, transfer performance in an environment or ambient atmosphere is maintained by the electrical characteristics of the dielectric layer described above. Further, cleaning of the transfer drum after separation of the transfer material is ensured by the critical surface tension mentioned above.
Further, a transfer drum with the structure shown in FIG. 12, in which a semiconducting layer 302 and a dielectric layer 303 are layered, in that order, on the surface of a conductive layer 301 made of aluminum, etc., has also been proposed. In a transfer drum of this type, the semiconducting layer 302 is made of a foam material which is a mixture of, for example, EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene co-polymer) and conductive particles, a foaming agent, etc. As a result, a plurality of tiny bubbles are formed within the semiconducting layer 302, and these bubbles give the surface of the transfer drum a cushion. Further, when a voltage is applied to the conductive layer 301, giving it a potential difference from a ground roller (not shown), a discharge effect arises in these bubbles. This discharge causes a charge to arise on the reverse side of the dielectric layer 303 (the side toward the semiconducting layer 302), which gives rise to a strong affixing force with respect to the transfer material.
With the structure according to Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. 74975/1990 (Tokukaihei 2-74975), charging of the surface of the transfer drum is performed by atmospheric discharge from the corona electrical charger. As a result, when transfer is to be carried out a number of times, as for instance in color copying, the charge must be replenished by the corona electrical charger after each transfer. Accordingly, a charging unit composed of a unipolar power source, etc. becomes necessary to control driving of the corona electrical charger. This gives rise to problems such as increase of the number of parts in the device and of the cost of manufacture.
Further, since the surface of the transfer drum is charged by atmospheric discharge, any scratch or nick in the surface of the transfer drum will reduce the electric field area. As a result, the electric field balance will be disturbed at the scratch or nick, giving rise to transfer failure such as a white spot at that point, and to diminished image quality. Further, with atmospheric discharge, the voltage required to charge the surface of the transfer drum is large, and the energy necessary to drive the image-forming device is increased. Atmospheric discharge is also easily influenced by environmental factors such as air temperature and humidity, and changes in the environment can give rise to uneven potential in the surface of the transfer drum. This can result in problems such as insufficient affixing of the transfer material, distortion of printed letters, etc.
Again, in the structure according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,390,012, a gap is provided between the elastic and dielectric layers making up the transfer drum. As transfer is performed repeatedly, the form of the dielectric layer is repeatedly changed each time a nip is formed between the dielectric layer and the photoreceptor, and the gap becomes larger over time. In other words, uniformity cannot be maintained in the size of the gap (which is distinct from the dielectric layer) formed between the foam elastic layer and the dielectric layer. Nor does the resistance of the elastic layer remain constant over time. As a result, image quality deteriorates as transfer is performed repeatedly. In order to maintain uniformity of the size of the gap and the resistance of the dielectric layer, the structure of the transfer device becomes complicated, giving rise to the problem of increase of the manufacturing cost of the device as a whole.
Further, the disclosure cited above does not stipulate the hardness of the elastic layer or the contact pressure between the charge-applying means (affixing roller) and the transfer drum. Nor does it discuss the width of the nip between the charge-applying means (affixing roller and bias voltage applying method) and the transfer drum, or the nip time. In other words, the nip time is apparently fixed, regardless of the type of transfer material.
It is well known that the amount of charge injected into a transfer material during a constant nip time generally varies according to the transfer material used. A transfer drum's ability to electrostatically affix a transfer material to the dielectric layer is also dependent on the transfer drum's hardness, i.e., the amount of elastic change in its form. Accordingly, with the structure according to the disclosure cited above, the ability of the transfer drum to perform transfer by electrostatic charge may be impaired, depending on the type of transfer material used. This results in the problem of poor transfer of the toner image from the photoreceptor drum to the transfer material. Further, with this method, at least two power sources are required: an affixing roller power source for affixing the transfer material to the transfer drum, and a power source for applying to the transfer material at the time of toner transfer a voltage of reverse polarity with respect to the toner. This results in the problem of increase of the number of parts and the size of the device as a whole.
Further, since a foam material is used to provide the gap, there are cases, depending on the quantity of toner at the time of transfer, when the pattern of the foam shows in the printed letters. As a method of resolving this problem caused by the gap, the LBP2030 image-forming device manufactured by Canon Co., Ltd., for example, provides an intermediate resistance coating on the reverse side of the dielectric sheet used as the surface layer of the transfer drum. By this means, the local differences in electric field which arise due to the gap of the elastic layer are brought into uniformity.
However, with this type of full-color printer, which is already on the market, it is difficult to stably hold the transfer material by electrical attraction alone, and a transfer material gripper, etc. becomes necessary to hold the transfer material. This results in the problem of increase of the number of parts and of the size of the device as a whole.
Again, in the transfer drum structure shown in FIG. 12, the air bubbles within the semiconducting layer 302 are provided with a substantially uniform size. As a result, image quality deteriorates in both high-temperature, high-humidity and low-temperature, low-humidity operating environments.
In order to satisfy both solid/halftone transfer and letter transfer, it is necessary to increase the hardness of the transfer drum by uniformly reducing the diameter of the foam particles. However, if the diameter of the foam particles is uniformly reduced, a phenomenon occurs under high-temperature, high-humidity conditions in which some of the lines making up printed letters are not printed, thus impairing image quality, and affixing of the transfer material using electric lines of force is also diminished.
If, on the other hand, the hardness of the transfer drum is reduced by uniformly increasing the size of the foam particles, white spots, scattering, etc. occur in the printed image under low-temperature, low-humidity conditions due to the bubbles within the foam area, which markedly diminish image quality.
It has been experimentally found that with foam particles approximately 1 mm in diameter, white spots are clearly visible even in solid transfer, and that with foam particles 500 .mu.m or more in diameter, white spots occur in halftone transfer.
Accordingly, with regard to image-forming devices in which a toner image is transferred from a photoreceptor to a transfer material while the transfer material is electrostatically affixed and held to the surface of a transfer drum, various operating conditions such as high-temperature, high-humidity and low-temperature, low-humidity conditions need to be taken into consideration. However, in the transfer drum structure discussed above, since the foam particles in the semiconducting layer 302 are provided with a substantially uniform size, image quality is diminished in both high-temperature, high-humidity and low-temperature, low-humidity conditions. As a result, this image-forming device has the shortcoming that insufficient affixing of the transfer material, distortion of printed letters, deterioration of image quality, etc. are likely to occur.
In order to avoid white spots, etc., a conductive film (approx. 8 .OMEGA./cm to 9 .OMEGA./cm) could be provided between the semiconducting layer 302 and the dielectric layer 303 of the transfer drum. However, in this case the affixing of the transfer material is markedly impaired, making a transfer material gripper necessary to hold the transfer material, and thus increasing the size of the device as a whole.

Image-forming device and method of manufacturing dielectric sheet


There is provided a drill tool assembly for drilling metallic or other materials, comprising a holder having a mounting slot in which a cutting insert is positioned, and a through tool coolant supply system. The drilling tool system allows for the application of coolant to the rake surfaces of the cutting insert in a manner which facilitates enabling higher penetration rates while maintaining integrity of the cutting edges of the cutting insert. The drilling tool system comprises a holder having a rotational axis and mounting slot. A cutting insert with sides positioned adjacent the side surfaces of the mounting slot and cutting edges extending from the rotational axis is mounted in the slot. The insert includes rake surfaces adjacent the cutting edges that are positioned above the mounting slot. At least one coolant channel is disposed with at least one coolant outlet directed at the sides of the insert at a position below the rake surfaces. The coolant outlet is configured to disperse coolant in a curtain across the entire rake face of each cutting edge.

In the metal cutting industry, it is highly desired to make use of coolant to achieve better tool performance. Using coolant provides lubricity, heat dissipation from the tool, and aids in chip evacuation. This results in a tool that can operate faster and achieve longer tool life. Though the use of coolant in drilling products to various industries is typical, a need still exists in the drilling tool industry for a coolant delivery method that excels at targeting the interface of the chip and rake face of the cutting geometry, particularly in drilling tools with two effective cutting edges. The delivery of coolant in such tools has not allowed for higher penetration rates to be achieved in the drilling operation, without sacrifice of tool life. Achieving this is even more critical because the properties of many materials being drilled today create undesirable heat, friction, and adhesion to the rake face of drilling tools of this type, which negatively affect drill performance. These undesirable effects are amplified by the increasing desire to drill holes faster in high production environments. It is therefore clear that there is a significant need for coolant delivery in a manner which excels at reducing heat, friction, and adhesion on the rake face during the drilling operation, allowing for enhanced performance at speeds elevated over similar drill designs.

Drill systems with coolant delivery arrangements and methods

ALLIED MACHINE & ENGINEERING CORPORATION


A compound represented by the following general formula (IA) or (IB) or a salt thereof which specifically traps a zinc ion and emits fluorescence, and is useful as a fluorescent probe for zinc:

Zinc is an essential metallic element that is present in the human body in the largest amount next to iron. Most zinc ions in cells are strongly coupled to proteins and are involved in the maintenance of structure or in the expression of function of the protein. Various reports have been also made on the physiological role of free zinc ions which are present in the cell in a very small quantity (generally at a level of μM or lower). In particular, zinc ions are considered to be significantly involved in one type of cell death, i.e., apoptosis, and it is reported that zinc ions accelerate senile plaque formation in Alzheimer's disease.
A compound (a fluorescent probe for zinc), which specifically traps a zinc ion to form a complex and emits fluorescence upon the formation of the complex, has been conventionally used to measure zinc ions in tissue. For example, TSQ (Reyes, J. G., et al., Biol. Res., 27, 49, 1994), Zinquin ethyl ester (Tsuda, M. et al., Neurosci., 17, 6678, 1997), Dansylaminoethylcyclen (Koike, T. et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118, 12686, 1996), and Newport Green (a catalog of Molecular Probes, Inc.: "Handbook of Fluorescent Probes and Research Chemicals" 6th Edition by Richard P. Haugland pp. 531-540) have been used practically as fluorescent probes for zinc.
The measurement using TSQ, Zinquin, or Dansylaminoethylcyclen, however, requires the use of a short wavelength excitation light (an excitation wavelength of 367 nm, 368 nm, and 323 nm, respectively). Accordingly, when these fluorescent probes for zinc are used for measurement in living systems, the short wavelength excitation light may cause damages of cells (Saibou Kougaku (Cell Technology), 17, pp. 584-595, 1998). A problem also arises that the measurement may be readily influenced by autofluorescence generated from cell systems, per se (fluorescence emitted by NADH or flavins). Further, Dansylaminoethylcyclen suffers from a disadvantage: When the concentration is determined using the reagent, the fluorescence intensities are vary greatly depending on differences in environment such as solvents, whether a solubility in water or in lipid is extra-, intra-cell or cell membrane; or the like (Tanpakushitsu-Kakusan-Kouso (Protein, Nucleic Acid and Enzyme), extra number, 42, pp. 171-176, 1997). TSQ has a problem that even distribution in the whole cell is difficult due to its high lipophilicity. Newport Green has low affinity for zinc ions and fails to achieve practical measurement sensitivity, although the agent enables measurement with a long wavelength excitation light. Therefore, the development of a fluorescent probe for zinc has been desired that can measure zinc ions with high sensitivity without damaging cells.
The inventors of the present invention conducted various studies to provide a fluorescent probe for zinc with high sensitivity. As a result, they found that a compound having a cyclic amine or a polyamine as a substituent has high specificity with zinc ions, and by trapping zinc ions, the compound forms a complex which emits strong fluorescence with a excitation light in longer wavelength range (Japanese Patent Application No. (Hei) 11-40325). In addition, the inventors further conducted studies and succeeded in providing a fluoresceine derivative by which zinc in the living organism can be measured with very high accuracy and sensitivity (International Publication WO 01/62755). However, this fluoresceine derivative has extremely high affinity for a zinc ion, and this causes a difficulty in accurately measuring zinc ions in a high concentration, although the derivative was excellent in detection of zinc ions in a low concentration. Therefore, it has been desired to provide a means which can accurately measure the concentration of zinc ions in a broader range.

Abstract: wherein R1 and R2 represent a hydrogen atom or a group represented by the following formula (A):

Abstract: wherein X1 to X4 represent a hydrogen atom, a 2-pyridylmethyl group, a 2-pyridylethyl group, a 2-methyl-6-pyridylmethyl group, or a 2-methyl-6-pyridylethyl group, provided that at least one is the group except a 2-pyridylmethyl group, and m and n represent 0 or 1, provided that they are not simultaneously 0; provided that R1 and R2 are not simultaneously hydrogen atoms; R3 and R4 represent a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; R5 and R6 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkylcarbonyl group, or an alkylcarbonyloxymethyl group; and R7 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.


In various embodiments of the invention, a power-harvesting termination circuit may be used to 1) match the impedance of a signal line being terminated, and 2) recover a portion of electrical power from a signal on the signal line and provide the recovered power as an electrical voltage to be used to power other circuits. The power may be harvested at either the receiving device or at the transmitting device.

Signal lines generally require a termination circuit at the end of the line to reduce or prevent signal reflections caused by impedance mismatch between the line itself and the input circuit that receives the signal. The conventional way to do this is to terminate the line with a resistor whose resistance matches the line impedance. In this technique, most of the energy from the signal ends up being dissipated as heat in the resistor. In today's circuits, with a premium being placed on power savings and thermal management, the energy lost in these termination resistors can result in unwanted heat being generated in the circuit, and can increase power consumption.

Power harvesting signal line termination


Provided are an anthracene derivative compound represented by Formula 1 below and an organic light-emitting device using the same:

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an anthracene derivative compound and an organic light-emitting device including the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to an anthracene derivative compound that has good electrical characteristics, and when applied to an organic light-emitting device, can offer excellent driving voltage, efficiency, and color purity characteristics, and an organic light-emitting device employing an organic layer including the anthracene derivative compound.
2. Description of the Related Art
Organic light-emitting devices are active emission display devices that emit light by recombination of electrons and holes in a thin layer (hereinafter, referred to as "organic layer") formed of a fluorescent or phosphorescent organic compound when a current is supplied to the organic layer. The organic light-emitting devices have advantages such as lightness, simple constitutional elements, easy fabrication process, superior image quality, and wide viewing angle. In addition, the organic light-emitting devices can perfectly create dynamic images, achieve high color purity, and have electrical properties suitable for portable electronic equipment due to low power consumption and low driving voltage.
Eastman Kodak Co. has developed an organic light-emitting device with a multi-layered structure including an aluminum quinolinol complex layer and a triphenylamine derivative layer (U.S. Pat. No. 4,885,211), and an organic light-emitting device including an organic light-emitting layer formed of a low molecular weight material capable of emitting light in a broad wavelength range from UV to infrared light (U.S. Pat. No. 5,151,629).
Light-emitting devices are self-emitting devices and have advantages such as a wide viewing angle, good contrast, and a rapid response time. Light-emitting devices are classified into inorganic light-emitting devices using an emitting layer formed of an inorganic compound and Organic Light-Emitting Devices ("OLEDs") using an emitting layer formed of an organic compound. OLEDs show better brightness, driving voltage, and response speed characteristics and can create polychromatic light, compared to inorganic light-emitting devices, and thus, extensive research into OLEDs has been conducted.
Generally, OLEDs have a stacked (i.e., layered) structure having in sequence an anode, an organic light-emitting layer, and a cathode. OLEDs may also have various, more specific structures such as anode/hole injection layer/hole transport layer/emitting layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer/cathode structure or an anode/hole injection layer/hole transport layer/emitting layer/hole blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer/cathode structure.
Materials used for OLEDs can be classified generally as either vacuum-depositable materials and solution-coatable materials according to an organic layer formation process. Vacuum-depositable materials must have a vapor pressure of 10−6 torr or more at 500° C. or less, and may be low molecular weight materials having a molecular weight of 1,200 g/mol or less. Solution-coatable materials must have solubility sufficient to form solutions, and can include those materials incorporating an aromatic or heterocyclic ring.
When manufacturing OLEDs using a vacuum deposition process, manufacturing costs may increase due to use of a vacuum system, and it may be difficult to manufacture high-resolution pixels for natural color displays using a shadow mask. On the other hand, when manufacturing OLEDs using a solution coating process, such as, for example inkjet printing, screen printing, or spin coating, the manufacturing process is simple, manufacturing costs are low, and a relatively high resolution can be achieved for the pixels when compared to those prepared using a shadow mask.
However, when using solution-coatable materials, the performance (e.g., thermal stability, color purity) of light-emitting molecules is lowered compared to when using vacuum-depositable materials. Even though the light-emitting molecules of the solution-coatable materials have good performance, there arise problems that the materials, when formed into an organic layer, gradually crystallize and grow into a size that is comparable to visible light wavelength range, and thus, such crystals scatter visible light, thereby causing an observable turbidity phenomenon, and pinholes, and other defects, may be formed in the organic layer, thereby causing device degradation.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 1999-003782 discloses a 2-naphthyl-substituted anthracene compound that can be used in an emitting layer or a hole injection layer. However, OLEDs employing the anthracene compound are unsatisfactory in terms of driving voltage, brightness, efficiency, and color purity characteristics, and thus, there is room for improvement in conventional OLEDs.

Anthracene derivative compound and organic light-emitting device including the same

Abstract: wherein        Ar1 and Ar2 are each independently aromatic groups, R1 and R2 are each independently substituent groups, and X is a heteroatom or substituted heteroatom. The use of the anthracene derivative compound enables to produce an organic light-emitting device with better driving voltage, brightness, efficiency, and color purity.


A light assembly may comprise a heatsink, a plurality of light emitting diodes, and a lens. The heatsink may include a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The second surface may define an airflow path extending from a first end of the heatsink to a second end of the heatsink. The plurality of light emitting diodes may be coupled to the first surface of the heatsink. The lens may be located over the plurality of light emitting diodes and may contact the heatsink.

Aircraft generally include exterior lights, such as anti-collision lights, landing taxi lights, or the like, which are located on an exterior of the aircraft to, for example, visually indicate the aircraft is in the vicinity. The exterior aircraft lights may employ light emitting diodes (LEDs). One of the design considerations for LEDs is heat dissipation, as overheating can lead to temporary malfunction and/or permanent damage to the LEDs.


A system is provided, in which a mobile computing system in a wristwatch form factor incorporates a computing element, a display element, and a belt or strap-like band. A method is proposed, making use of the strap element as a base for expanding the functionality of the system by providing both a mechanical and a data interface between the base system and the expansion module(s).

A system is described to allow the creation of a modular, configurable, mobile, wrist-carried system. Said system uses the band as a mechanical base and data interface for detachable modules that can attach anywhere on the band and provide various functions, such as computing, display, sound production, and sensing. Rather than relying on traditional methods of data input for mobile computing devices, such as buttons, keyboards, touch-sensitive surfaces, the proposed solution would allow users to upgrade and/or reconfigure the capabilities of each band system by adding modules anywhere on said band or by changing the position of one or more modules on the band.

System for modular expansion of mobile computer systems


A system is described for precise injection molding and creation of fiber optic plastic ferrules or other molded parts. In a described application, a molded plastic part is formed that yields four ferrules. The plastic part has a central hub from which four arms extend, each having a ferrule-carrying portion. The mold has a pair of interengageable halves that mate to form a series of channels and gates for formation of the plastic part. Molten plastic flows from a central chamber through the channels. From each channel, the molten plastic then flows into a fan-shaped gate, a ring-shaped gate and an annular parabolic-shaped gate and finally into a molding chamber for molding the tubular ferrule. The molten plastic is temporarily accumulated by the gating system and then flows into the molding chamber in an evenly distributed manner.

The present invention is directed to systems for the injection molding of plastic parts. In particular aspects, the invention is directed to a gating system useful in the molding process for creating optical fiber ferrules.
A fiber optic ferrule is a tubular member that receives the end of an optical fiber or fibers and is then abutted against an opposing ferrule in order to precisely align the fibers so that an optical signal can be transmitted between them. FIGS. 1 and 1A of the drawings depict an exemplary ferrule 10 of a type that is known in the art. As shown there, the ferrule 10 has a generally cylindrical body 12 having ends 14 and 16. The first end 14 has a reduced diameter portion 18 that is adapted to retain a sleeve (not shown) to form an abutting connection with a like ferrule.
The cylindrical body 12 also defines a pair of concentric bores 20 and 22 therewithin. The first bore 20 has a large diameter with an opening 24 at one end of the body 12. The first bore 20 may be slightly tapered along its length. The second bore 22 has a reduced diameter with an opening 26 at the other end of the body 12. The diameter of the second bore 22 is very smallxe2x80x94on the order of 0.02 mm.
Ferrules are typically formed of a polymer or other plastic and are created by injection molding. In order to operate properly, ferrules must be fashioned with great precision. The allowable tolerances for these components are typically only a few microns. Therefore, the details of the molding process must be carefully controlled. Conventional injection molding processes, however, often result in uneven plastic flow patterns and high failure rates. Improved molding processes and systems are desired. Also, even with ferrules that meet specifications, the amount of discarded polymer to usable polymer is high.
The present invention describes devices and methods for the precise molding and creation of ferrules or other plastic parts. In the exemplary embodiment described herein, a molded plastic part is formed that yields four ferrules. The plastic part has a central hub from which four arms extend, each having a ferrule-carrying portion.
A mold is described for molding the plastic part. The mold has a pair of interengageable halves that mate to form a novel series of runners and gates for formation of the plastic part. When molten plastic is injected into the mold, the runners and gates provide for improved plastic flow to form the ferrule-carrying portions of the part. In the described embodiment, molten plastic is flowed from a central chamber through four substantially cylindrical channels. From each channel, the molten plastic then flows into a fan-shaped gate, a ring gate and a parabolic gate. The molten plastic is temporarily accumulated by the gating system and then flowed into a ferrule molding chamber in an evenly distributed manner.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention as claimed.

Gating system for high precision molding


In a broadband communications network, bandwidth is allocated to bearer channels for a circuit connected service, such as narrowband telephony. The allocated bandwidth is changed automatically as a function of time so as to track expected changes in demand for bearer channels. When the number of allocated channels falls from its peak value, then at the access node some of the channels may be marked as blocked.

The present invention relates to a communications network, and in particular to a broadband network used to carry a circuit-connected service such as telephony.
In a conventional telephony network, a local exchange communicates call set-up information to a trunk exchange via a common channel signalling network. Similarly, trunk exchanges communicate via the common channel signaling network. An exchange is pre-configured to access a certain number of circuits in a fixed bearer network. Provided that one of these circuits is free, the exchange captures a circuit and uses the corresponding circuit identification code (CIC) on the common channel signalling network to associate call set-up information with the captured circuit resource in the fixed bearer network.
Increasingly, services such as voice telephony are being carried not over dedicated telephony networks, but over broadband networks designed to support a range of different services including, typically IP (Internet Protocol) data services. Typically, a number of permanent virtual circuits (PVCs) are pre-allocated to act as bearer channels for circuit-connected services such as telephony. Alternatively, if bandwidth on the broadband network is relatively scarce, then instead of the pre-allocated bearing circuits, switched virtual circuits (SVC) are established on a per-call basis as required.
The paper "An efficient reservation connection control protocol for gigabit networks", Varbarigos et al., Computer Networks and ISDN systems 30 (1998) 1135-1156 describes an efficient reservation virtual circuit (ERVC) protocol in which a start time field in a SETUP packet is set by the source node to the known round trip time for transmission to and from the destination node. Each intermediate node increments that field with a value for the delay on the incoming link from its preceding node, and reserves the capacity requested by the SETUP packet at a time offset from the receipt of the SETUP packet by the respective new value of that field. The destination node returns an ACK packet containing the final value of that field, and the source node delays for an amount equal to the difference between this final value of the field and its original value, and then sends a COMMIT packet followed by data packets. In this way, the COMMIT packet arrives at the final intermediate node exactly at the starting time of the reservation on the outgoing link to the destination node. Thus, maximum efficiency of reservation is achieved for this final intermediate node, and with progressively lesser values of efficiency for the preceding intermediate nodes, but always better efficiency than if the respectively reservations had been made upon transmission by the source node and receipt of the SETUP packet by the intermediate nodes.

Predictively allocated bandwidth in a communications network

British Telecommunications public limited company


A fuel pump with an inlet through which fuel is drawn from a fuel tank and an outlet through which fuel is discharged under pressure to an operating engine of a vehicle has an inlet throttle valve actuated by the pressure of the pump outlet fuel to at least partially restrict the flow of fuel through the inlet of the fuel pump and thereby reduce the flow rate of fuel discharged from the fuel pump when the fuel pump is delivering more fuel than is being consumed by the engine. The valve is preferably received within an inlet module between the fuel tank inlet and the fuel pump inlet. Preferably, the valve is slidably received in a passage in the module and actuated by a diaphragm received in the passage and displaceable by the pressure of the pump outlet fuel in response to engine fuel demand.

Many types of fuel pumps are utilized for internal combustion engines to supply fuel to the engine from a remotely positioned fuel tank. As the operating conditions of the engine change, the fuel demand or rate of consumption of the engine changes. Some current fuel systems known as return fuel systems have a return line through which excess fuel supplied to the engine is returned to the fuel tank. Pressure regulators can be used in the return line to control the pressure of fuel supplied to the engine by varying the rate at which excess fuel is returned to the fuel tank. Other fuel systems, commonly referred to as returuless or "No-return" fuel systems, vary the flow rate at which fuel is delivered to the engine in accordance with the engine fuel demand. Pressure regulators can also be used in no-return fuel systems downstream of the pump outlet and upstream of the engine to accumulate excess fuel and deliver fuel at a flow rate corresponding to the engine's demand. Still other systems use a modulated drive system for the fuel pump to vary the power supply to the fuel pump and hence, the speed at which the fuel pump operates and thus the rate of fuel output of the fuel pump. The modulated drive is typically in communication with a computer processor or electronic engine control unit which monitors the operational conditions of the vehicle and communicates that information with the modulated drive to control the pump output as a function of the operating fuel demand under varying conditions of the engine.
In return fuel systems, the fuel returned to the fuel tank is at an elevated temperature especially if the fuel was returned to the fuel tank from adjacent the engine or the fuel rail. The returned fuel generates vapor within the fuel tank which is undesirable for the operation of the fuel pump and which is volatile and environmentally hazardous. Further, simply returning excess fuel to the fuel tank or accumulating excess fuel in a no-return fuel system is an inefficient use of the fuel pump because the fuel pump usually operates under a higher load than necessary and is delivering fuel which is not needed for the immediate use of the engine. This leads to unnecessary power consumption by the fuel pump. This unnecessary power consumption also results in undesirable heating of the fuel. Additionally, modulated drive systems add cost and complexity to the fuel delivery system.


A device is provided for securing a flat object to a carrier plate. The device includes a base plate with a pair of spaced apart end sections, and a middle section extending between the end sections. A pair of upwardly protruding extensions each has a lower end attached to the middle section of the base, and an upper end spaced therefrom. The extensions are spaced apart by a distance and are elastic such that the upper ends may be pushed apart. A bridge extends between the upper ends of the extension. The bridge has a pair of spaced apart ends interconnected with the upper ends of the extension and a midportion therebetween. The bridge has a total length greater than the length the distance between the extensions. The bridge has a disengaged position wherein the midportion is spaced from the middle section of the base plate and the upper ends of the extension are not pushed apart. The bridge also has an engaged position wherein the midportion of the bridge is pushed downwardly towards the middle section of the base plate and the upper ends of the extensions are pushed apart. A locking device is provided for locking the bridge in the engaged position.

The present invention pertains to a device for holding and/or attaching flat objects to a carrier plate and, in particular for attaching ribbon cables to a carrier plate.
Ribbon cables have a number of conductors with terminals arranged next to each other in a plane. Ribbon cables may be mounted on a thin, electrically insulating carrier layer. They can be set in a manner that saves a lot of space on carrier plates, e.g., on chassis parts of vehicles, on certain, predetermined tracks. Thus, they must be attached at intervals to the carrier plate.
A device is known from French Patent No. 1,593,626, which is meant for holding a flat object, and also for its attachment to a carrier. The device comprises a base plate, on which two L-shaped arms are symmetrically fixed at a distance from each other. The projecting ends of the arms are connected by a three-part bridge, wherein the total length of the bridge is greater than the distance between the two arms. The interconnection portions of the three plate-shaped parts of the bridge are designed to act like hinges relative to each other and also relative to the arm ends, so that the bridge parts can pivot about these interconnections relative to each other and to the arms. The device can assume an open and a closed position. In the open position, the side parts of the bridge form an obtuse angle with the L-shaped arms, and with the side parts and the middle part of the bridge arch over the base plate like a roof. In the closed position, the side parts of the bridge form an acute angle with the L-shaped arms, and the middle part of the bridge contacts the base plate tightly. Means for attaching to a carrier can be provided on the base plate. A flat object can be clamped between the base plate and the middle part of the bridge by setting the object on the base plate with the device in its open state. Then pressure is applied to the articulated parts of the bridge such that the middle part of the bridge is brought into contact with the flat object.
In the French Patent, the device is described for use as a hose bracket. The device in the French Patent is not optimal for the preferred use of the present invention, namely the attachment of ribbon cables to a carrier plate, and in particular to the chassis parts of vehicles. The device can spontaneously open due to, e.g., vibrations or material fatigue, so that the attachment or hold can be unexpectedly released. This is particularly disadvantageous if the device is mounted in a position that is difficult to access or that is practically inaccessible after manufacture of the vehicle, as is normally the case. In addition, through the planar contact of the middle part of the bridge on the base plate or on the interposed object, the contact pressure and thus the reliability of the hold is reduced. In addition, the briefly mentioned use of a screw in the middle of the base plate to attach the device to a carrier is unsatisfactory. The screw interferes with the object to be attached, and in the case of a ribbon cable, it can lead to damage.
The present invention provides a device that permits a long-lasting, reliable hold and attachment, in particular of ribbon cables, to a carrier plate. Spontaneous loosening of the device is not possible. The device can be attached and closed and opened again easily and quickly with little handling and has no parts that could be lost. Damage to the ribbon cable is precluded.
According to the present invention, a base plate has two end sections for attaching to the carrier plate and a middle section that can be brought into contact with the carrier plate or a flat object to be attached to the carrier plate. A snap-in means is provided at the middle part of the bridge. The snap-in means projects downwards and engages a locking hole in the base plate. The snap-in means is preferably snap-in hooks that project downwards. The snap-in means engages the locking hole such that the device is reliably held in its closed position, and a spontaneous disengagement from this position is not possible. The side arrangement of the attachment means precludes damage to the ribbon cable or another flat object.
Support strips that project downwards at an angle are formed at the longitudinal sides of the middle section of the base plate. The longitudinal edges of these support strips extend beyond the bottom edge of the middle section of the base plate. The support strips reduce the contact surface of the device on a ribbon cable or some other flat object to be attached to the carrier plate, so that the contact pressure between the device and the carrier plate is increased, and thus the hold is more reliable.
Preferably, there is a central hump in the middle section of the base plate. The locking hole for the snap-in hooks that project downwards from the middle part of the bridge passes through this hump. The hump can be formed by a central bulge on the top side and a corresponding depression in the bottom side of the middle section of the base plate.
In the middle of each side support strip, there is a slot extending in the longitudinal direction, and the lower opening of the locking hole can be accessed with a tool through this slot. Thus, when required, the snap-in hooks can be disengaged from the locking hole, the ribbon cable can be detached, and the device remains undamaged, and thus, reusable.
Preferably there is a through hole in each of the two end sections of the base plate for attaching the device to the carrier plate. The diameter of and distance between the through holes correspond to the diameter of and the distance between two posts on the carrier plate, and the device is pressed onto these posts for attaching to the carrier plate with these through holes.
These posts on the carrier plate preferably have grooves and/or ribs. Extensions project from the base plate and the ends of the extensions have pointed and angled outer edges that project into the region of the through holes. By pressing the middle part of the bridge down, the extensions are pushed apart and the outer edges of the extensions contact the grooves and/or ribs of the posts, which additionally secures the attachment.

Device for holding and/or attaching flat objects


According to one embodiment, an electronic apparatus has a first housing having a first cover, a second housing having a second cover, and a hinge device. The hinge device connects rotationally the first housing and second housing, and has a hinge shaft, a first arm and a second arm. The first arm is covered by the first cover, and one end is connected to the hinge shaft, and the other end is fixed to the first housing. The second arm is covered by the second cover, and one end is connected to the hinge shaft, and the other end is fixed to the second housing. The first cover and second cover have opposed parts around the hinge shaft, and have a projection which is provided in one opposed part, and slidingly contacts the other opposed part.

1. Field
One embodiment of the invention relates to a folding electronic apparatus with two housings connected by a hinge.
2. Description of the Related Art
There is a portable apparatus composed of a computer unit having a keyboard and a display unit containing a liquid crystal display connected by a hinge device. Such an apparatus is disclosed in Japanese patent No. 3521168, for example. A display unit of this portable apparatus contains a liquid crystal display, and has a display housing having a foot inserted into a base provided in a main body.
A hinge device has a hinge shaft penetrating the sides of the base and foot. On the side of the base opposite to the hinge shaft penetrated side, a cylinder is provided extending from the base side to the foot along the hinge shaft. At the foot of the display housing corresponding to the cylinder, a through hole is opened a size larger than the cylinder to loosely fit the cylinder. Also disclosed is another embodiment having a base and a foot reversed in the projection-depression relation.
As the size of a display device contained in a display unit is enlarged, the weight of a display unit becomes heavy. Thus, a hinge device with a large rotational resistance is used to hold a display unit at an optional rotational angle. When a display unit is moved rotationally to a main body in such an apparatus, the size of a display device is also increased, even if the rotational resistance of a hinge device is increased. Hence, and the user does not feel stiffness in operation.
However, actually, the rotational resistance of a hinge device is large. Therefore, when a display is moved rotationally, a hinge device receives a large load in the area from the arm fixed part to the hinge shaft. As a result, a display housing may be bent or twisted, and the main body and display unit may interfere with or rub each other in an unexpected area during rotation of the display unit. This may disturb smooth movement of the display unit.
When the rotational resistance of a hinge device is small, a clearance is made between parts, like a base and a foot in Japanese patent No. 3521168. Therefore the interference may be prevented. However, when the rotational resistance of a hinge device is increased, a bend or twist is also increased, and it is necessary to take a larger clearance to prevent this problem. However, if a clearance is increased, the appearance becomes not good. Further, a load causing the bend or twist is not decreased, and a stress concentrates on a part as a base point of bend or twist, causing damage in that part.


A film processing device using vaporized liquid source capable of confirming the flow control accuracy of flow control equipment such as a mass flow controller (15) controlling the flow of the liquid source without separating the flow control equipment from piping and disassembling the piping, comprising a bypass passage (41) for bypassing a part of a washing fluid feed passage (32) for feeding washing fluid to a liquid source feed passage (12) and a flowmeter such as an MFM (42), wherein the washing fluid is allowed to flow to the mass flow controller (15) through the MFM (42), and the flow of the washing fluid detected by the MFM (42) is compared with a target flow set in the mass flow controller (15) to check whether the mass flow controller (15) operates normally or not.

In a film forming process on a semiconductor wafer (hereinafter refer to as wafer), a liquid source can be used. For example, when forming a tantalum oxide film which is used as DRAM's capacitor film, a liquid source, PET (Tantalum Pentaethoxide: Ta(OC2H5)5) is used. When carrying out the film forming process, PET is transferred from a liquid source tank to a vaporizer through a piping, and vaporized therein. The PET flow rate to the vaporizer is controlled by a mass flow controller, which is a liquid flow controller, installed at the piping. In addition to vaporized PET, oxygen gas is supplied into a processing vessel where a wafer is loaded, to perform a film forming process.
When replacing the liquid source tank or the vaporizer, they are separated from the piping. Since PET solidifies when it comes in contact with moistures, the inside of the piping must be thoroughly washed by a washing fluid, such as alcohol to completely remove PET prior to exposing the piping to the atmosphere. Further, after coupling the piping, air must be completely forced out from the inside of the piping. If cleaning is not performed sufficiently, residual PET inside the piping reacts with the moistures in the air and solidifies, thereby attaching itself to the inside of the piping. Still further, if the washing fluid's water content is high, PET reacts with the moistures in the washing fluid and solidifies similarly. The mass flow controller gauges a fluid flow rate, based on the difference of heat transfers from the fluid at an upstream and a downstream point of a flow sensor. Therefore, if solidified PET is attached to the inside of the mass flow controller, the heat transfer is altered and reading (sensing) error occurs so that the PET flow rate may be several times higher than a rate set to the mass flow controller.
If PET flow rate deviates from a set flow rate, it is possible that the capacity of a capacitor cannot be obtained as planned. If the flow rate of PET is greater than a set flow rate, the amount of PET consumption becomes so high that not only the liquid source tank needs to be replaced frequently, the cleaning cycle of the processing vessel becomes short as well. Further, if the reading (sensing) accuracy of the mass flow controller declines, the integrating flow rate management by computer cannot be properly performed.
In order to prevent such problem, the mass flow controller is periodically separated from the piping and tested. This test is conducted in the following manner: alcohol is sent into the mass flow controller and the alcohol amount is measured by a mess cylinder, and the reading from the cylinder is compared with the flow rate set to the mass flow controller. However, the amount of PET used during film forming is small and the type of mass flow controller used is also for low flow rate applications, it is difficult to measure precisely the flow amount by using the mess cylinder.
Before separating the mass flow controller from the piping, the inside of the piping and the mass flow controller are cleaned. However, if cleaning is not performed sufficiently, residual PET inside the mass flow controller reacts with moistures in the air and becomes solidified. Further, if the air that gets into the piping is not completely removed after the testing is completed and the mass flow controller is reinstalled in the piping, there is a concern for PET solidification when it is sent through the piping. Since such solidified PET becomes, so to speak, similar to ceramic, it is practically impossible to clean and remove the solidified PET, and the mass flow controller must be replaced. Namely, there is a concern that malfunctioning of a mass flow controller can be attributed to the very process employed to confirm the mass flow controller's proper operation.

Processing device and method of maintaining the device


An electrical connector designed to be connected to the edge of a printed circuit card having a first face placed in contact with a support. Said connector comprises at least one metal blade designed to be in contact with an electrical track placed on a second face of the printed circuit card, and at least one securing means designed to secure the electrical connector on the edge of said card. Said at least one metal blade is designed to exert a gripping force on the printed circuit card to keep the latter in contact with the support, movement of the electrical connector and of the printed circuit card being limited in at least one direction perpendicular to the faces of the printed circuit card.

The invention relates to an electrical connector designed to be connected to the edge of a printed circuit card, a first face of which card is placed in contact with a support. Said connector comprises at least one metal blade designed to be in contact with an electrical track placed on a second face of the printed circuit card, and at least one securing means designed to secure the electrical connector to the edge of the printed circuit card.
The invention also relates to a case containing a printed circuit card whereto such an electrical connector is connected.

Electrical connector for a printed circuit card and hermetically tight electrical case containing one such connector


A thin film transistor array substrate includes an active area in which a plurality of pixels are formed; driver integrated circuits (DICs) disposed in a non-active area around the active area and configured to supply a driving signal to each of the plurality of pixels; power input units partially overlapping with the DICs, disposed below the DICs, and configured to supply power voltages to the active area; and a user key mounting area formed not to overlap with the DICs in the non-active area. The thin film transistor array substrate may be used for an organic light-emitting display apparatus.

1. Field
The following description relates to a thin film transistor array substrate and an organic light-emitting display apparatus including the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
A recent trend is that conventional display apparatuses are being replaced with portable thin flat panel display apparatuses. Because flat panel display apparatuses employ a button key and/or a touch key as input units, a reduction in the bezel thickness of flat panel display apparatuses is limited.

Thin film transistor array substrate and organic light-emitting display apparatus including the same


An LED illumination device includes an optical section disposed at a bottom end of the LED illumination device, and in which a light source is provided. A heat dissipation section located adjacent to the optical section includes a plurality of fins thermally contacting the light source. The electrical section is disposed at a top end of the LED illumination device and electrically connects with the light source. The heat dissipation section is disposed between the optical section and the electrical section. The electrical section defines a plurality of air exchanges communicating the inside of the electrical section with the heat dissipation section and a plurality of exhaust ports communicating the inside of the electrical section with an external environment of the LED illumination device.

1. Technical Field
The disclosure generally relates to light emitting diode (LED) illumination devices, and particularly to an LED illumination device with highly efficient heat dissipation.
2. Description of Related Art
LEDs (light emitting diodes) are often preferred for use in illumination devices rather than CCFLs (cold cathode fluorescent lamps) due to their high brightness, long lifespan, and a wide color range.
For an LED, 80 to 90% of the power consumed by the LED is expended as thermal energy, with only the remaining 10 to 20% of the power consumed providing visible light. In addition, a plurality of LEDs are generally packaged in a single LED illumination device to obtain desired brightness.
Accordingly, high brightness LED illumination devices require highly efficient heat dissipation for timely and adequate removal of the heat generated to avoid impaired performance and even device failure. Frequently used heat dissipation devices such as heat sinks, fans, and combinations thereof may be unable to provide sufficient heat dissipation for the high brightness LED illumination device, in addition to frequently consuming unacceptable levels of energy.


A latchable, clamping hanger for hanging an exercise mat from an external support. The hanger has a clip with a jaw which can be opened by a user pressing with one hand on the clip. When the clip reaches its ‘open’ position it latches in place, freeing the user to use both hands to lift the mat and insert its upper edge between the clip and the base of the hanger. Once the mat is in place the clip latch is released, and the hanger will hold the mat in an unrolled position so that it can dry flat.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a clamping hanger for an exercise mat.
2. Discussion of Prior Art
People use exercise mats when stretching or practicing yoga, Bikram or similar activities during which they perspire. Exercise mats are typically rectangular, range from an eighth of an inch to an inch thick, from 20″ to 32″ wide, and from 60″ to 96″ long, to approximate human proportions. Even when covered with towels, exercise mats may still get wet from perspiration. Mats also need to be washed periodically.
Options for storing mats between uses have been limited. Mats are often slung over a towel bar or "ballet bar," or anything else available. Such expedients may not permit mats to lie flat, and instead crease or bend them. Mat surface areas contacting a towel bar may not get enough ventilation to dry quickly. There are a variety of clothes hangers with clamps for holding pants, skirts, and other clothes, such as U.S. Pat. No. 6,021,933 by Zuckerman. A typical clothes hanger is at most 18″ wide; pants-hanging clamps are narrower than that. While a clamping clothes hanger may hold thinner and lighter exercise mats, narrowly spaced clips can make mat corners fold objectionably. Clips with smaller surface areas require intensified pressure on an exercise mat, which can damage or compromise the surface of the mat. Straps for hanging mats may also fail to hold them fully unrolled. Modifications to standard mats to hang with rings, Velcro, magnets, etc. may interfere with the intended use of an exercise mat. A conventional clamp mechanism which requires a user to squeeze the clamp open while lifting and positioning a heavier mat, rug or similar object to be hung, may be awkward to use.
Lacking a convenient way to store an exercise mat in its normal unrolled position, people typically roll mats up for transport and storage, and don't unroll them until the next use. Mats are thus stored damp and may not dry quickly. A rolled up and stored mat, when unrolled again tends not to initially lay in the desired flat position. Damp exercise mats that are not dried properly may build up undesirable bacteria, mold and odors.
There remains, therefore, a need for a technique of hanging and storing exercise mats or similar items in their normal flat shape.


The present invention is a system that allows a user to physically rotate a three-dimensional volumetric display enclosure with a corresponding rotation of the display contents. The rotation of the enclosure is sampled with an encoder and the display is virtually rotated by a computer maintaining the scene by an amount corresponding to the physical rotation before being rendered. This allows the user to remain in one position while viewing different parts of the displayed scene corresponding to different viewpoints. The display contents can be rotated in direct correspondence with the display enclosure or with a gain (positive or negative) that accelerates the rotation of the contents with respect to the physical rotation of the enclosure. Any display widgets in the scene, such as a virtual keyboard, can be maintained stationary with respect to the user while scene contents rotate by applying a negative rotational gain to the widgets. The rotation can also be controlled by a time value such that the rotation continues until a specified time is reached or expires.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to a system for rotating a class of three-dimensional (3D) displays called volumetric displays and, more particularly, to a system that allows a user to rotate the display to view different parts of the scene within the display without having to move or walk around the display.
2. Description of the Related Art
A class of three-dimensional (3D) displays, called volumetric displays, is currently undergoing rapid advancement. The types of displays in this class include holographic displays, swept volume displays and static volume displays. Volumetric displays allow for 3D graphical scenes to be displayed within a true 3D volume. Because the technology of these displays is undergoing rapid development those of skill in the art are concentrating on the engineering of the display itself. As a result, the man-machine interface to these types of displays is receiving scant attention.
While the volumetric displays allow a user to view different parts of a true 3D scene, the act of viewing the different parts typically requires that the user physically move around the display. For example, if the user wants to view the backside of a scene including a building, the user must move to the backside of the display to see the back of the building. This movement is typically performed by the user walking around the display. Requiring the user to physically move around the display for an extended period of time is probably not the best way to work with these types of displays. And some movements may also be impractical, such as moving above the display for a view from above.
Another approach to viewing the different parts of the display is for the user to virtually navigate around the scene using camera navigation techniques. For large complicated scenes, rendering the scene for each increment of camera navigation can be computationally expensive, with the result that slow refresh rates detract from the user's experience. What is needed is a system that will allow a user to physically rotate the display.

System for physical rotation of volumetric display enclosures to facilitate viewing


A recipe for a bunky-shake is provided and consists of seven green plantains, one yellow banana and a list of other ingredients. Also provided is a process for making the bunky-shake, while an apparatus is for preparing all of the ingredients for the bunky-shake.

The instant invention relates generally to fruit flavored beverages and more specifically it relates to a bunky-shake and preparation apparatus, which provides a recipe and mechanism for making the bunky-shake.
There are available various conventional fruit flavored beverages which do not provide the novel improvements of the invention herein disclosed.


An essentially translucent antacid composition is formed by an aqueous colloidal aluminum hydroxide gel wherein the average particle size of the aluminum hydroxide is less than about 0.5 microns, preferably less than about 0.1 microns, and more preferably less than about 0.01 microns. The suspension is further preferably mixed with a polyol, such as sorbitol or maltitol, to enhance the translucency. The weight ratio of polyol to aluminum hydroxide gel (USP) ranges from about 0.5:1.0 to about 4.0:1.0.

Antacid suspensions are standard medications for the treatment of heartburn and other gastrointestinal disorders. Antacids neutralize the gastric acids created in the stomach. It is desirable that an antacid feature a high acid neutralization capacity and a rapid rate of gastric acid neutralization.
Antacids are available in the form of liquid suspension or solid dosage forms. A major benefit of the liquid antacid form is that it acts more quickly than a solid to neutralize gastric acid. A disadvantage associated with antacids in general (both liquid and solid forms) is an undesirable chalky taste.
It is known in the art that conventional milling or homogenizing of antacid suspensions alleviates the chalkiness to some degree but not entirely. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,533,543 (Morris et al.) describes improving the texture of solid antacid formulations by maintaining a small particle size, e.g. less than 500 millimicrons, and coating the particles with a mixture comprised of a fatty material or oil. U.S. Pat. No. 3,843,778 (Diamond) also discloses coating solid antacid particles, ranging in size from 0.05 to 300 microns, with an oil to create an improved texture.
French Patent 2,512,344 discloses an antacid suspension of aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide added in powder form to water, in which the powder is then mechanically fragmented and dispersed until the mean particle size is 5-10 microns. International Application PCT/US93/11720 discloses an antacid composition comprising particles consisting essentially of an aluminum-based neutralization agent, e.g. aluminum hydroxide, wherein the particles are in discrete crystalline form. The particles have an average particle size of less than about 3 microns. Coarse particles of aluminum-based neutralizing agent are dispersed in a liquid media in which it is insoluble and subsequently ground to achieve the desired particle size. The antacid composition may contain from 5 to 80% by weight of said particles.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,892,851 (Hinkel) describes a clear antacid solution comprising water and an effective amount of polymeric meglumine-hexitol-aluminum hydroxide complex. In some formulations the composition must stand for two weeks before it becomes clear. Hinkel teaches that polymeric meglumine must be present for a clear antacid solution to be formed.
It is known in the art to use linear polyols, such as mannitol and sorbitol, with aluminum hydroxide gels to inhibit the polymerization reaction that occurs on aging. Shah et al., 70 J. Pharm. Sci. 1101-1104 (Oct. 1981), teaches that polyols also have a negative effect on the action of aluminum hydroxide gels by reducing the rate of acid neutralization, which occurs when the aluminum hydroxide concentration is correspondingly reduced. Shah discloses that by carefully selecting a specific polyol and corresponding concentration, gel stabilization can be optimized.
There is a need in the art to provide a liquid antacid composition of aluminum hydroxide gel that is non-chalky and translucent in appearance. Translucency appeals to the patient or user because it connotes purity and good mouth feel, as opposed to the chalky, granular taste normally associated with liquid antacids. There is also a need for simple and economical preparation of such formulations, which do not require long periods of time for the solution to clear.


A jump rope cart assembly includes a frame having a base portion, a hanger portion and a plurality of indicium. The hanger portion, which includes a plurality of holders, is supported by the base portion. The plurality of indicium is disposed on the frame. Each of the plurality of is adapted to correspond to a length of jump rope. The jump rope cart assembly further includes a plurality of jump rope of different lengths disposed on the holders. A method for using a cart assembly includes providing a cart assembly having a plurality of jump rope. The cart assembly includes a plurality of indicium corresponding to lengths of jump rope. A height of a reference location on a user is compared to the indicium disposed on the cart assembly. A jump rope is selected which corresponds to the indicium that is closest to the height of the reference location.

Jumping rope is an activity that is performed by people of various ages and fitness levels since it builds coordination and provides an aerobic workout. Jumping rope can strengthen legs, arms and shoulders. In jumping rope, the impact of each jump is absorbed by both legs. Therefore, jumping rope is considered by some to be low impact activity. As a low impact activity, the risk of knee injury to the person resulting from the impact of the jump is reduced. While the risk of knee injury may be reduced, other injuries may result from the person selecting a jump rope that is either too long or too short.


A system for automatically downloading radio or protocol personalities over defined channels to a mobile terminal. The system includes an adaptable terminal, a spatial location service for providing geographic location information to the associated terminal, at least one component repository, and a server directory.

Multi-mode and Software Defined Radio (SDR) terminals are adaptable terminals capable of acquiring radio personalities, modes and applications by software download. Examples of where such radios may be useful include cellular/PCS telephony and mobile computing. The ability to remotely download, plug and play new communication protocols, mode components and services using existing hardware, enables the terminal to perform a variety of different functions when located in different locations.
Static and dynamic downloading are two common approaches for downloading applications to a SDR terminal. Static download generally occurs when the SDR terminal is not actively running any service or application. Alternatively, dynamic download generally occurs through a logical channel over a protocol while the terminal is in use. Dynamic download is ideally invoked when the mobile terminal approaches the "edge" of a service area, where the terminal's required services and other technologies are not available. Dynamic download can also be triggered by the terminal's Quality of Service requirements.
None of the current static or dynamic download systems provide mechanisms that enable Over-The-Air automatic download to a mobile terminal. Accordingly, there exists a need for a system and method for automatically downloading software to a terminal Over-The-Air.
The present invention provides a system supported by location or context awareness mechanism and further supported by signaling and download mechanisms that function over any wireless link protocol. It is desirable that the system enables a terminal or user to query for services available in a selected location supported by an extended Service Location Protocol (SLP) and Wide Area Service Location Protocol (WASLP) framework. It is further desirable that the system includes a geographic location service and spatial location protocol supported in a wireless network. Additionally, it is further desirable that the system enables the discovery, automatic selection and download of network download services and subsequent registration of wireless access services.
It is further desirable that an adaptable terminal is provided for locating and receiving automatic downloadable software.

System and method for automatically downloading software applications to a remote terminal

Abstract: The component repository includes at least one downloadable component and a service template that defines the service attributes of said downloadable component, The terminal includes a location module in communication with the spatial location service to define the geographic location of the mobile terminal. A User Agent for locates downloadable components in the defined geographic location using a service request that enumerates the service needs of mode attributes.


To provide an exhaust gas analysis apparatus that, without the need to greatly change the flow rate of diluted exhaust gas passing through a filter, can change the flow rate of exhaust gas in the diluted exhaust gas passing through the filter with good followability to reflect weighting, and accurately measure PM, the exhaust gas analysis apparatus is adapted to include: a collection part that collects particulate matter in sampling exhaust gas partially splitting from original exhaust gas or in the diluted exhaust gas resulting from diluting the sampling exhaust gas with diluent gas; and a split flow ratio control mechanism configured to, in accordance with a vehicle driving mode set in compliance with predetermined regulations, change a split flow ratio that is the ratio of the split flow rate of the sampling exhaust gas to the total flow rate of the original exhaust gas.

As this sort of exhaust gas analysis apparatus, as disclosed in Patent Literature 1, there is one that dilutes the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine at a predetermined dilution ratio to introduce the diluted exhaust gas to a filter, and measures the mass of particulate matter (hereinafter also referred to as PM) in the diluted exhaust gas collected by the filter.
Meanwhile, in a PM measurement test of recent years, it is legislated to weight measurement results in accordance with a vehicle driving mode, and for example, CFR 1066 stipulates that a measurement result in Phase 1 is weighted by a factor of 0.43, that in Phase 2 by 1, and that in Phase 3 by 0.57.
Methods for such weighting include one that calculates the mass of PM by measuring the mass of PM using one filter for each of the phase intervals, and multiplying the resulting measured values by corresponding ones of the above-described weighting factors to take a weighted average. However, there is a problem that filter replacement work between adjacent phase intervals is time-consuming, and therefore PM measurement becomes troublesome. In addition, in recent years, since PM concentration in exhaust gas has been reduced, the amount of PM collected by a filter used during each phase interval has been extremely small, and therefore it has been difficult to accurately measure the mass of PM.

Exhaust gas analysis apparatus, exhaust gas analysis system, exhaust gas measurement method, program recording medium recorded with program for exhaust gas analysis apparatus, and calibration method for exhaust gas analysis