A modular container for stackably storing and transporting multiple circular saw blades. The container includes multiple storage trays wherein each storage tray is able to hold one or more circular saw blades of varying diameters. The storage trays have graduating annular raised surfaces to hold saw blades securely in place during transport thereby preventing injury to the transporter and protecting the cutting teeth of the circular saw blades from being damaged due to movement within the storage container. Each storage tray horizontally pivots open to allow the user easy access to the circular saw blades stored therein.

The present invention is directed to a container for storing saw blades having multiple stackable trays configured to be selectively added or removed depending on the number of saw blades to be stored. In particular, the individual trays are designed to accommodate the storage of one or more saw blades of varying diameters in a safe manner while also protecting the integrity of the blades.
Circular saw blades are used extensively for cutting a variety of materials because of their rapid and accurate cutting action. Circular saw blades are flat, disc-shaped cutting devices having a hole in the center and teeth along the periphery. Circular saw blades come in a variety of diameters, thicknesses, and cutting tooth configurations depending upon the application for which they are being used.
When installed in a circular saw, the circular saw blade revolves around its center axis at a high rate of speed to cut the desired material. There are a number of factors that directly affect the performance and efficiency of a saw blade, including the speed, smoothness, and precision of a cut. Dull or damaged cutting teeth, blade warpage, and rust or corrosion are all factors that affect the performance and efficiency of a saw blade.
One way to prevent damage to saw blades is to properly store the blades. Proper storage prevents damage to the cutting teeth when the blades are not installed on a circular saw and also safeguards against moisture that causes rust. A proper blade storage system should be portable to facilitate and promote usage. It should also be designed to protect the transporter from bodily injury from exposed cutting teeth, prevent damage to the cutting teeth, keep the saw blades from contacting one another, and be able to accommodate multiple blades of varying diameters.
In the past, a box without a lid could be employed to carry the saw blades. The box had a strap connected on opposite sides of the box for carrying. Yet to carry blades in such an open box could cause bodily injury to the user carrying the box and/or damage the blades by rubbing against one other. Circular saw blades are cutting tools that require care and can be expensive to either replace or repair if the cutting teeth become damaged. The protection of the saw blade when transferring and storing is a problem because of moisture and contact with other saw blades. An assortment of storage devices have been developed in an attempt to address the need to provide adequate protection for circular saw blades.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,588,082 shows a portable carrying case for circular saw blades formed of plastic with two hinges resulting in a book-like casing; yet, unlike the present invention, this book-like casing device can store only a singular circular saw blade and, because of its triangular shape, may fall over easily if accidentally pushed.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,459,460 discloses a packing case for shipping and/or storage of circular saw blades by retaining the saw blades between two panes of Masonite and clamped on opposite sides of the saw with a single bolt through the center. Unlike the present invention, this storage device stores only one size of circular saw blades, and each blade does not have its own storage tray, thus this device does not provide a storage method that is organized and efficient as the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,870,148 describes a carrying case with a hinged top for storing a multiple number of circular saw blades. Unlike the present invention, however, this particular device is configured in a box shape and the blades move freely within compartments formed by separator inserts due to a lack of constraints within each compartment to prevent such movement.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,053,424 shows a carrier for saw blades that secures the blades vertically between two end plates with a horizontal spindle. Unlike the present invention, this particular device contains open sides which expose the blades to elements and the uncovered sharp edges of the saw blades can be fragmented or cause bodily injury or destruction to a person or material.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,259,231 discloses a plastic package for circular saw blades having two plastic circular discs with a hub in the center. Yet, unlike the present invention, this device is intended primarily for display and is limited in the amount of saw blades the display may hold.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,500,136 describes a crate designed for the shipment of flat articles such as circular saws; yet, unlike the present invention, this device is formed of lumber and lacks the lightweight and durable nature of plastic.
Those involved in the construction industry, cabinetmakers, and others who frequently use a circular saw blades, encounter a large variety of materials that can be or require the use of a circular saw blade to be cut. Each of these materials may require the use of a different type of saw blade. A single storage device that is able to accommodate multiple saw blades of varying diameters in an organized manner while also protecting the integrity of the cutting teeth offers an efficient, safe, and practical method to store saw blades. Securely storing the saw blades also ensures that the saw blades do not become damaged during storage thereby maximizing the saw blade's performance as well as safeguarding the transporter from accidental harm.

Container for storing multiple saw blades


A drive unit attached to a mobile entity is disclosed. The drive unit includes a motor, a first detector, and a controller. The first detector detects vehicle speed information regarding a vehicle speed of the mobile entity. The controller performs PWM control for the motor. The controller controls a duty cycle of a PWM signal in accordance with the vehicle speed information detected by the first detector.

It has been proposed to enhance the performance of a mobile entity such as a hand pallet jack or truck, a cart, or a wheelchair by attaching a drive unit thereto. The drive unit includes a motor for diving and rotating a wheel (see Japanese translation of PCT International Application Publication No. 2014-512307). The motor has characteristics that the maximum output torque thereof reduces with increase in rotational speed thereof and that the maximum output torque thereof increases with reduction in rotational speed thereof.
The drive unit described above outputs a high torque in starting when the motor is driven with the maximum performance. Hence, it is concerned that abrupt acceleration or slippage of a drive unit undesirably occurs in starting. When the output torque of the motor is inhibited by uniformly limiting a drive voltage value (or a current value as the result thereof) so as to prevent the concerns, this results in a drawback that the maximum rotational speed of the motor is undesirably reduced as well. Because of this, it has been demanded to control the output torque of the motor as appropriately as possible.


The present invention relates to a filler material useful for communication cables, such as electrical cables and optical cables. In one embodiment, (a) from about 50 to 95 percent by weight mineral oil; (b) less than about 10 percent by weight block copolymer selected from the group consisting of styrene-ethylene/butylene, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-butadiene-styrene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene, styrene-ethylene/propylene-styrene, and combinations thereof; (c) less than about 35 percent by weight petroleum wax; (d) less than about 20 percent by weight hollow glass microspheres; and (e) less than about 10 percent by weight thixotropic agent selected from the group consisting of clay, colloidal metal oxide, fumed metal oxide, and combinations thereof.

Many communication cables are now buried into the ground. In such applications, the communication cable needs to withstand water penetration into the cable because water can severely affect the performance of the cable. For example, in an electrical cable, water destroys the capacitance balance of the electrical conductor. In an optical cable, water can negatively affect the integrity of the optical cable.
One solution devised by those skilled in the art to minimize water penetration into the cable involves pressurizing the interior of the cable with dry air. While the pressurized dry air cable may be useful in stopping water migration into the cable, it proves to be expensive to maintain and is not a widely accepted solution for cables buried under ground.
Another, more widely practiced solution involves filing the interior interstitial space of a cable with a water insoluble filling material, such as a sealant, that would plug the cable and stop the migration of water. When a filling material is used, several factors are usually taken into consideration, such as, e.g., its dielectric constant, density, aging and temperature stability, hydrophobic nature of the composition, processing and handling characteristics, shrinkage of the filling material upon cooling, toxicity, and cost.
While the foregoing technology may be useful, there exists a need for different filling materials with lower dielectric constants while taking into consideration the factors listed in the preceding paragraph.


Provided are a power module including a power package and a control package that are provided separately and can be highly integrated, and method of fabricating the power module. The power module includes: a molded power package including at least one power device on a first lead frame; and a molded control package vertically stacked on the power package, and including at least one control device on a second lead frame. A first part of the first lead frame and a first part of the second lead frame are coupled to each other so that the power package and the control package can be electrically coupled to each other.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a semiconductor device, and more particularly, to a power module including a power device and a control device and a method of fabricating the power module.
2. Description of the Related Art
As electronic technology for power devices has developed, demands for power devices that can be formed to have a light weight and a small size with superior performances are increasing. Accordingly, demands for power modules that can integrate various power devices in one package and include control devices for controlling the power devices are also increasing.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,703,399 assigned to Mitsubishi, Corp. discloses a power module. In this power module, a power device and a control device are mounted on a lead frame and molded as a package. However, this conventional power module has the following disadvantages.
It is difficult to provide various power modules promptly according to the needs of customers. This is because control circuits vary according to the types of products including the control circuits, and thus the power modules vary according to the products. Therefore, in order to meet the demands of customers, different power modules should be provided according to the demands of customers; however, it is difficult to provide different power modules because of a problem of the productivity.
In addition, conventional power modules are uneconomic, because the control device is added to the power device, which costs a lot, to form a package. Thus, the fabrication costs of the power module increase, and it is difficult to adopt a complicated control device in the power module.
In addition, it is difficult for a conventional power module to have a high degree of integration. Since the power device and the control device are disposed on the same horizontal plane in one package, it is difficult to reduce a size of the package.
Embodiments of the invention address these and other problems, individually and collectively.

Power module and method of fabricating the same


An SRAM cell. The SRAM cell includes a first CMOS inverter and a second CMOS inverter, an input of the first inverter connected to an output of the second inverter and an input of the second inverter connected to an output of the first inverter, a first MOSFET interposed between an output of the first CMOS inverter and a first plate of a first capacitor, a second plate of the first capacitor connected to a high voltage terminal of a power supply; a second MOSFET interposed between an output of the second CMOS inverter and a first plate of a second capacitor, a second plate of the second capacitor connected to the high voltage terminal of the power supply; and a control signal line connected to a gate of the first MOSFET and a gate of the second MOSFET.

High performance static random access memory (SRAM) are susceptible to single event upset (SEU) fails which may be caused, in one example, by ionizing radiation striking the SRAM cell. There are several means known in the art for mitigating SEU fails however they involve increasing the size of the SRAM, increasing the power consumption of the SRAM and/or reducing the performance of the SRAM. Accordingly, there exists a need in the art to overcome the deficiencies and limitations described hereinabove.

High performance single event upset hardened SRAM cell

International Business Machines Corporation


One embodiment of the present invention provides a system that controls access to personally identifiable information (PII) in a database system. During operation, the system receives a request from an application to perform a function which involves accessing information in the database system. In response to the request, the system identifies a purpose that the application has in making request to perform the function. Next, the system uses the purpose to identify a set of attributes in the database system, which are associated with the purpose. The system then determines if any of the identified attributes contain PII. If so, the system enforces access controls while accessing the identified attributes containing PII.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to techniques for providing security in database systems. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for controlling access to personally identifiable information (PII) in database systems.
2. Related Art
The ubiquity of the Internet makes many types of personal information easily accessible to more people than ever before. Organizations can use this information to market products to their customers more efficiently than ever before. However, the availability of personal information through unrestricted data sharing has also led to increases in identity theft and Internet fraud. A recent report from the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) estimates that Internet fraud victims lost close to $54M in the year 2002, which is up from $17M in 2001.
A number of laws have been enacted to combat this growing problem. For example, California Senate Bill 1386, effective Jul. 1, 2003, requires that companies inform customers of breaches of PII to help protect them against identity theft. This mandate applies to any person or organization that holds personal information about California residents. Note that the scope of this bill is unusually large, because unlike other regulations which typically apply to specific industries, this bill encompasses all industries and sectors.
Furthermore, consumers are becoming increasingly sensitive to privacy issues. Increasing volumes of direct marketing via email and the overwhelming volume of spam have increased consumer privacy concerns and the likelihood that individuals will opt out of various forms of communication through multiple channels. Moreover, the sharing of information with partners or other third parties is a concern for consumers who value their privacy and are wary of potential abuse. Consequently, today's customers, especially when working online, look for hallmarks of trust and for brands that they can count on to safeguard their personal information from misuse and wrongful access.
As a result of these trends, privacy is becoming not just an important compliance issue but an essential business issue. As competition on the Internet continues to drive down pricing on consumer goods, the importance of customer loyalty increases. Furthermore, when price is no longer a differentiator, service and trust become more important factors in customer retention, and businesses can use effective data privacy practices as competitive differentiators. Hence, in today's business climate, companies can reap substantial rewards by addressing privacy concerns and building trust.
To summarize, reliable privacy protection is something organizations cannot afford to dismiss. Every organization that collects personal information about customers or employees must protect the privacy of that data both to comply with regulatory requirements and to build customer confidence and trust.
Hence, what is needed is a method and an apparatus for effectively controlling access to personally identifiable information (PII).

Method and apparatus for controlling access to personally identifiable information


An overhead garage door (10) includes a plurality of panels (11) each carrying rollers (12) which ride in a track assembly (15). The track assembly (15) includes a generally vertically positionable component (16), a generally horizontally positionable component (17), and an arcuate transitional component (18) positioned between the vertical component (16) and the horizontal component (17). The vertical component (16) is generally U-shaped in end profile having a base portion (22) with branches (20, 21) extending from the edges thereof. The vertical component (16) is provided with a plurality of spaced separating systems (25), each of which includes a web (26) extending across the base portion (22) and the slots (28, 29) in the branches (20, 21). A selected portion of the length of the vertical component (16) may be removed by inserting a tool in the slots (28, 29) of one of the separating systems (25) and twisting it to break the webs (30, 31) adjacent to the slots (28, 29). Then by bending that portion on the web (26), it will breakaway to provide a vertical component (16) of the desired length.

Overhead sectional doors, such as garage doors and the like, are typically provided with rollers that ride in a track system usually carried by a horizontally oriented angle member extending inwardly from the door frame. The track system includes opposed vertically oriented tracks and opposed horizontally oriented tracks interconnected by an arcuate transitional track. When the door is in the closed position, the rollers reside in the opposed vertical tracks, and when moved to the open position, the rollers travel up the vertical tracks, through the transitional tracks, and into the opposed horizontal tracks.
The amount of headroom in the garage or other area to receive the door generally dictates the length of the vertically oriented tracks. As such, a door installer must carry an inventory of vertical tracks of different lengths and transport tracks of all possible lengths with him to the installation site where, during the installation process, he will determine which vertical track length is most appropriate for the particular job. Maintaining and transporting such an inventory represents an undesirable cost and labor burden to the installer which is a problem unsolved by the prior art.

Breakaway track system for an overhead door


The present invention provides compositions and methods for augmenting vaccine immunogenicity using mucin-immunoglobulin fusion proteins.

The α-Gal (Galα1,3Galβ1,4GlcNAcβ1-R) carbohydrate epitope is expressed throughout the animal kingdom, with the notable exception of Old World monkeys, apes and humans. These species lack the epitope because of an inactivating mutation in the gene encoding the α1,3 galactosyltransferase responsible for its biosynthesis. In animals where it is present, it is carried both by lipids and on a variety of carrier proteins. Species lacking the epitope, e.g. humans, have antibodies recognizing α-Gal, possibly as a result of an immune response against bacterial capsular polysaccharides of the intestinal microflora. Anti-α-Gal (anti-Gal) antibodies are of all antibody classes and subclasses, and as much as 1% of human IgG has this specificity.
Mucins such as MUC1, and mucin-like molecules with highly O-glycosylated domains, such as P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), are extensively glycosylated high molecular weight (>200 kD) proteins and are targets for the α1,3 galactosyltransferase. Mucins are abundantly expressed in normal cells such as leukocytes and in many human cancers of epithelial origin.

Mucin fusion polypeptide vaccines, compositions and methods of use thereof


A screening arrangement in a vibrating screen for screening of material, such as crushed stone, gravel or the like, the screening arrangement having directing means provided on top of the screening arrangement to direct the material to be screened, such that the directing means are arranged to direct or adjust the width of screening material in relation to the amount of material to be screened, and to achieve a continuous optimal layer of the material to be screened.

In mining and stone industries, it is in many cases important to fractionate crushed stone and gravel into fractions of stones with different sizes. In most cases, fractionating or screening is done by supplying an unfractionated stream of crushed stone or gravel to a vibrating screen provided with a screening deck including screening holes for allowing stones smaller than the screening holes to pass through the holes.
To achieve a good fractionating or screening result, the stream or layer of crushed stone or gravel should neither be too thick nor too thin. If the stream is too thick, material that should pass through the screening holes tends, in larger amount, to leave the screening deck without being screened, as the material tends to travel on top of the screening deck. If the stream is too thin, the material tends to bounce on the screening deck and likewise not pass through the screening holes.
In the prior art, attempts have been made to overcome the above drawbacks. One solution has been to arrange raisings on the screening deck that extend across the traveling direction of the stream and that covers a part of the width of the screen. These raisings slow down the stream and decrease the bouncing of the material.
Another related prior art is disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 6,484,885, which discloses a screen with raised ribs, the raised ribs being diagonally arranged relative to the traveling direction of the material. The screen is used in drilling wells to screen solid particles from clay, where the raised ribs prevent the mud from migrating and spreading over the screen, but instead concentrate and gather the solids and make them pass through the screen. U.S. Pat. No. 4,465,592 discloses another screen having diagonally arranged raised ribs for the purpose of concentrating the material on the screening surface.
An object of the invention is to provide a screening arrangement that improves the flow of material on the screening arrangement so that an improved screening result is achieved.
Another object of the invention is to provide a screening arrangement that is flexible in relation to the mixes of material to be screened and still provide an efficient screening.
Yet another object of the invention is to enable efficient screening if the feeding of material to the screening arrangement is reduced or disturb in any way.


A device for sampling of a mixture of ultrafine particles within a moving gas stream includes a suction generator, at least one sample collection element, and a conduit structure coupling the sample collection element with the suction generator. In some embodiments, the suction generator is configurable to separate by suction a portion of a gas stream containing a plurality of ultrafine particles, and to entrain with a motive fluid forming an output mixture. In some embodiments, a conduit is configured to accept a gas stream containing ultrafine particles and to channel it to the collection element.

Sampling particles from a gas stream presents several challenges. Traditional sampling methods are ill suited to the collection of vapor phase ultrafine particles. Many powders possess properties that lead to agglomeration and clogging in small features and narrow apertures. Due to their small size, ultrafine powders with effective diameters below 100 nanometers are subject to being acted upon by of even the slightest intermolecular forces. This generally such powders very difficult to handle and convey, and gives them a strong tendency to agglomerate with one another, and to adhere to surfaces and to small dimensions within mechanical devices.
These challenges must be confronted in the design of devices for sampling fine powders.

Apparatus for and method of sampling and collecting powders flowing in a gas stream


A lighting apparatus (2) includes a housing (4) of plastic material, the housing (4) defining a translucent window (12), and a light emitting diode assembly (3) on a printed circuit board (34). The apparatus (2) may be attached to the hull (14) of a boat by means of a flange (10) and a nut (16). The apparatus (2) may include a heat sink (36) machined from a solid aluminum bar. The housing (4) may be connected to a sealing cap (6). The housing (4) is preferably injection-molded from a thermoplastic material such as polycarbonate. Electrical wires may extend through a central bore (42) of the heat sink (36) and the sealing cap (6).

Many boats have underwater lights fitted to their hull. The lights are typically located beneath the water level in use and, in the event of a globe failure, must be removed from the water so that the globe can be replaced. Accordingly, globes are often not replaced until the boat is raised from the water, which is a costly and therefore infrequent occurrence.
There exist underwater and other mounted lights having consumable components which can be removed in situ. However, such lights usually have an exposed window sealing arrangement that can be prone to corrosion and leakage.
Furthermore, presently available underwater lights use water to keep the lights cool. This is necessary since without the cooling effect of the water, seals of the sealing arrangements of such lights can be damaged by the heat of the lights. As a result, when used on boats, it is necessary to turn the lights off when the boat is planing since the lights invariably rise out of the water.
For example, many underwater or other mounted lights have a metal housing of a bronze or stainless steel material, to which a glass window assembly is fitted. The glass window assembly typically includes a window holder, a glass window and a seal mounted there-between so as to impede water from entering the metal housing. The window assembly is relatively complicated in its construction and can be prone to leakage when the seal wears out. Furthermore, since the housing is electrically conductive it can cause galvanic corrosion of itself or a mounting plate or wall if such components are also of metal.
It will be appreciated that since glass is inherently brittle, it can be damaged, at least by cracking, when exposed to impact. As a result, presently available lights mounted in public areas are often damaged by vandals or environmental conditions.

LED lighting apparatus in a plastic housing


An apparatus for manufacturing and stacking deep-drawn articles of thermoplastic synthetic material or the like includes a heating unit, an intermittent foil transporting unit, a rigid upper tool, and a raisable and lowerable as well as pivotable lower tool, wherein the movements of the lower tool are determined by cam discs mounted on a drive shaft and by cam rollers for the cam discs, and a stacking device. The lower tool is arranged linearly movably guided in a pivoted bracket.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus for forming, punching and stacking deep-drawn articles of thermoplastic synthetic material or the like. The apparatus includes a heating unit, an intermittent foil transporting unit, a rigid upper tool, and a raisable and lowerable as well as pivotable lower tool, wherein the movements of the lower tool are determined by cam discs mounted on a drive shaft and by cam rollers for the cam discs, and a stacking device.
2. Description of the Related Art
A thermoforming machine of the above-described type is disclosed in DE-C2 33 46 628. In a machine of this type, articles of synthetic materials, such as, margarine containers, drinking cups, container covers, etc., are produced between the tools which can be moved toward each other and apart from each other. The articles are formed in the closed position of the upper and lower tools, the articles are then punched and transported out of the tool in the open position into a stacking device. The upper tool or upper component of this known thermoforming machine is mounted on a rigid transverse bridge, while the lower tool or component is fastened to a vertically movable and pivotable forming table. For making the forming table pivotable, the forming table has bearing pins whose bearings are each arranged in a vertically guided guide piece. The drive is effected by toggle levers which rest with cam rollers against cam discs mounted on a main shaft.
The toggle lever mechanism composed of various lugs for pivoting the entire pivoting table with the lower tool mounted thereon in a vertical guide means which is not pivoted, is very complicated. To ensure that the articles do not come into contact with interfering edges during stacking, such as in the area of the foil transporting unit, a large pivoting angle of approximately 45-90.degree., typically, 80.degree. is required. The articles which are ejected almost horizontally in this case, must be received in a moving stacking plate which is moved against the lower tool, because otherwise there would be the danger that the articles drop too far downwardly as a result of gravity on their way into the stacking plate and would not be able to enter the stacking plate openings. Not very helpful is another alternative with a stacking plate which is located deeper already from the outset, because in this case articles could change their trajectory angles on their way to the stacking plate.
Finally, an alternative embodiment in which the articles are moved toward the ejector by suction has the disadvantage that the ejector becomes more complicated and also more expensive because of the vacuum plant which would have to be provided. The large pivoting angle of the known thermoforming machine required for the entire pivoting table further makes it necessary to provide expensive rotary-type connections for the cooling water line into the lower water tool, wherein these connections result in significant sealing problems and, thus, maintenance operations.

Apparatus for forming, punching and stacking deep-drawn articles of thermoplastic synthetic material


A resist composition which generates an acid upon exposure and exhibits changed solubility in a developing solution by the action of the acid contains a high-molecular weight compound (A1) having a constituent unit (a0) represented by a general formula (a0-1) and a constituent unit (a1-1) including a monocyclic group-containing acid decomposable group whose polarity increases by the action of an acid. In the formula (a0-1), R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; Ya01 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group; X01 represents a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom; and Ra01 represents an optionally substituted cyclic group, chain alkyl group, or chain alkenyl group.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a resist composition and a resist pattern forming method.
2. Background Art
In lithography techniques, for example, a process including forming a resist film formed of a resist material on a substrate, performing selective exposure on the resist film, and performing a development treatment, thereby forming a resist pattern having a predetermined shape on the resist film is performed. A resist material whose characteristics are changed so that the exposed areas of the resist film are dissolved in a developing solution is referred to as a positive type, and a resist material whose characteristics are changed so that the exposed areas are not dissolved in a developing solution is referred to as a negative type.
In recent years, in the manufacturing of semiconductor elements and liquid crystal display elements, advances in lithography technologies have led to rapid progress in the field of pattern miniaturization. In general, these miniaturization techniques involve shortening of the wavelength (increasing the energy) of the exposure light source. Specifically, ultraviolet rays represented by g-line or i-line have hitherto been used. But nowadays, KrF excimer lasers and ArF excimer lasers are starting to be introduced in mass production of semiconductors. In addition, investigations are also being conducted on EUV (extreme ultraviolet radiation), EB (electron beams), X-rays, and the like, which have a shorter wavelength (higher energy) than these excimer lasers.
The resist material is required to have lithography properties such as sensitivity to the exposure light source and resolution capable of reproducing patterns of minute dimensions.
As the resist material that satisfies such requirements, a chemically amplified resist composition containing a base material component which exhibits changed solubility in a developing solution by the action of an acid and an acid generator component that generates an acid upon exposure has been used.
For example, in the case where the developing solution is an alkali developing solution (alkali development process), a composition containing a resin component (base resin) exhibiting increased solubility in the alkali developing solution by the action of an acid and an acid generator component is generally used as a positive-type chemically amplified resist composition. When a resist film formed using such a resist composition is selectively exposed during the formation of a resist pattern, an acid is generated from the acid generator component in the exposed areas, the polarity of the base resin increases by the action of the acid, and thus the exposed areas become soluble in the alkali developing solution. Therefore, alkali development is performed to form a positive type pattern in which the unexposed areas remain as a pattern.
When such a chemically amplified resist composition is applied to a solvent development process using a developing solution (organic developing solution) containing an organic solvent, the solubility in an organic developing solution relatively decreases as the polarity of the base resin increases. Thus, the unexposed areas of the resist film are dissolved and removed by the organic developing solution and a negative type resist pattern in which the exposed areas remain as a pattern is formed. The solvent development process adapted to form a negative type resist pattern as described above is sometimes referred to as a negative type development process (see, for example, JP-A-2009-025723).
In general, the base resin used in the chemically amplified resist composition has plural kinds of constituent units for the purpose of enhancing lithography properties and the like.
For example, in the case of a resin component which exhibits increased solubility in an alkali developing solution by the action of an acid, a constituent unit including an acid decomposable group which is decomposed by the action of an acid generated from an acid generator to increase its polarity is used. In addition, a constituent unit including a lactone-containing cyclic group, a constituent unit including a polar group such as a hydroxyl group, and the like are used in combination (see, for example, JP-A-2003-241365).
Recently, a demand for a high-molecular weight compound which is useful as a base resin for a resist composition has increased with gradual progress in the field of pattern miniaturization.
For example, in order to improve roughness, a resist composition using a high-molecular weight compound having a constituent unit including a monocyclic group-containing acid decomposable group as the above-described acid decomposable group is proposed (see JP-A-2008-003381).

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Resist composition and resist pattern forming method


A seat assembly includes a seat cushion and a pivotally attached seat back movable between a seating position secured to the floor of a vehicle and a stowed position recessed in the floor. A pair of front legs are pivotally attached to the seat cushion and removably attached to a striker assembly in a floor. A pair of rear legs is attached between the seat cushion and the floor. A linkage assembly is coupled between the front legs and rear legs. The linkage assembly includes a lost motion slot for retracting the front legs relative to the seat cushion frame allowing the front legs to pivot between a support position extending between the seat cushion and the floor and a retracted position recess against the seat cushion in response to pivotal movement of the seat cushion between the seating position and the stowed position.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a seat assembly for an automotive vehicle having a seat cushion and seat back which are selectively movable between a seating position and a stowed position. More particularly, the invention relates to a seat assembly having a pair of front legs for supporting the seat cushion and a linkage assembly for retracting the front legs in response to movement of the seat assembly from the seating to stowed position.
2. Description of the Related Art
Automotive vehicles include seat assemblies for supporting occupants above a floor in the vehicle. Seat assemblies include a seat cushion and a seat back. Typically, the seat cushion is coupled to the vehicle floor by front and rear legs. The front and rear legs are attached to striker assemblies mounted in the floor for selective attachment to the vehicle floor. It is known that such seat assemblies may be forwardly or rearwardly stowed in recesses in the floor of the vehicle in response to actions performed by an occupant of the vehicle.
For rear seats, it is widely known to provide riser assemblies between the seat cushion and the floor of the vehicle to allow selective tumbling of the seat between a generally horizontal seating position, an upright folded position, and a stowed position within a recess formed in the floor of the vehicle. The front legs of such rear seat assemblies need to be retracted prior to stowing of the seat within the recess in the floor of the vehicle. The refraction system should be robust and allow for repeated movement of the front legs between a seated position for supporting the seat cushion in the horizontal seating position and a retracted position recessed against the bottom of the seat cushion. The retraction system should accommodate movement of the front legs between the retracted position and the seating position when stowed by an occupant without failure of the retraction system.
There is, therefore, a need in the art for a front leg retraction system that is reliable and will accommodate movement of the front legs between retracted and seating positions without failure of the retraction system.

Fold in floor seat assembly having retracting front leg linkage assembly


A cushion body which has a force to support a large load and both a soft touch feeling and can maintain an undulation shape of a groove portion and the like provided on a contact surface with a seat occupant favorable, a seat using the same, and a manufacturing method thereof are provided.

Conventionally, a seat using a fibrous structure composed of polyester fibers or the like as a cushion body has been known (for example, see Patent Document 1, 2 cited below). The fibrous structure used in the seat described in Patent Document 1 is formed by successively folding a web obtained by dispersing and incorporating thermally adhesive composite short fibers as an adhesive component into matrix fibers composed of an inelastic polyester crimped short fiber assembly in a standing state along its longitudinal direction. That is, this fibrous structure is formed to have a predetermined thickness by folding the web in an accordion shape.
In the seat described in Patent Document 1, each of a seat portion and a seat back portion is constituted by stacking a plurality of this fibrous structures to form a cushion body and coating this cushion body with a cover. Accordingly, in this seat, since the standing direction of the web (a thickness direction of the cushion body) is directed along a load direction during sitting of a seat occupant, excellent ventilation is, of course, secured, a proper hardness to a load direction is provided, and load can be dispersed. Therefore, this seat can provide a soft touch feeling which cannot be obtained by urethane conventionally used in general.
In Patent Document 2, a plurality of fibrous structures are disposed in a stacked and compressed state in a mold having a large number of ventilation holes, and hot air and steam are ventilated through the mold. Thereby, the hot air and steam pass through the mold and the fibrous structures are thermally molded so that a cushion body with a predetermined shape is formed.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid Open Publication No. 1996(H08)-318066. Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid Open Publication No. 2000-107470.

Cushion body, seat, and method of manufacturing the same


An electronic system includes circuitry to detect errors in logic state in the system and to initiate corrective action when one or more errors are detected. In some embodiments, redundant information is stored within a system that is associated with an operational state of the system. If the operational state of the system is subsequently corrupted as a result of an electrical or mechanical overstress condition, resulting errors may be detected by comparing or otherwise processing the stored operational state information and the redundant information.

Electronic systems and devices may be subject to interference and electrical or mechanical overstress conditions that undesirably alter their operational states. One area of electronics that is particularly prone to such stresses is automotive sensors. In automobiles, a combination of multiple mechanical and electrical systems are installed in close proximity and operated in varied environments. This creates an increased likelihood of electrical interference and sudden motion that can result in errors within a sensor. In many cases, a sensor will return to normal operation after a stress is applied. However, in some circumstances, the stress may cause a change to an electronic component or device that does not allow the sensor to return to correct operation without additional intervention. As can be appreciated, errors induced in this manner are undesirable in all electronics applications, but they are of particular concern in applications where human safety is involved, such as automobiles and other vehicles.
While many techniques exist for storing electronic data, contemporary circuit design overwhelmingly favors the use of digital circuitry to perform this function. In a sensor based application, the information being stored within digital storage circuitry may include the operational state of the sensor circuitry (e.g., state information within the state register of a state machine) and/or information about sensor inputs (e.g., sensor information stored since power on). Alteration of any of this date can lead to a malfunction of the sensor or other system. There is a need for techniques and circuits for identifying the occurrence of errors in electronic systems caused by overstress conditions. There is also a need for techniques and circuits for recovering from such errors.

Method and apparatus to recover from an erroneous logic state in an electronic system


A method of operation of a communication system includes: adapting an application programming interface (API) for communicating with an application using a control unit; identifying a detection signal for identifying a physical transport for communication with the application through the application programming interface (API); arbitrating a physical transport protocol for the physical transport with the application programming interface (API); and connecting a transport wrapper for the transport protocol with the application programming interface (API) for communicating with the physical transport.

Modern consumer and industrial electronics, especially devices such as graphical display systems, televisions, projectors, cellular phones, portable digital assistants, and combination devices, are providing increasing levels of functionality to support modern life including three-dimensional display services. Research and development in the existing technologies can take a myriad of different directions.
With the many continued advancements in communications technology, more and more devices are being introduced in both the consumer and commercial sectors with advanced communications capabilities. Additionally, advances in processing power and low-power consumption technologies, as well as advances in data coding techniques have led to the proliferation of wired and wireless communications capabilities on a widespread basis in a variety of different platforms.
For example, communication networks, both wired and wireless, are now commonplace in many homes, offices, and other environments. Such communication networks allow various heretofore independent devices to share data and other information to enhance productivity or simply to improve their convenience to the user.
Many and varied technologies and protocols for this communication can now be made available. Typically, only some of the many modes of communication technologies and protocols are available at a given time, in a given location, but the particular technologies and protocols can change as in the case of moving mobile devices.
Thus, a need still remains for communication systems with link mechanisms. In view of the ever-increasing commercial competitive pressures, along with growing consumer expectations and the diminishing opportunities for meaningful product differentiation in the marketplace, it is increasingly critical that answers be found to these problems. Additionally, the need to reduce costs, improve efficiencies and performance, and meet competitive pressures adds an even greater urgency to the critical necessity for finding answers to these problems.
Solutions to these problems have been long sought but prior developments have not taught or suggested any solutions and, thus, solutions to these problems have long eluded those skilled in the art.

Communication system with transport link mechanism and method of operation thereof


The disclosure is directed to a cutting process involving: (a) creating a starter crack using a scribe wheel, (b) application of laser or electrothermal heating, and (c) subsequent cooling from a gas or an aerosol jet, as the laser beam and cooling jet move along the desired cutting line. The cutting process can be implemented for cutting a glass panel or other substrate into a plurality of smaller panels. The starter crack may be created on any of the smaller panels within about 10 mm to about 20 mm from the corner of the smaller panel.

Electrochromic devices prepared as laminates are known in the art. By way of example only, a laser cutting process may be used to prepare electrochromic (EC) panels on 2.2 mm annealed float glass from a large master panel that will be laminated onto a heat-strengthened or tempered outer lite. A process for manufacturing an electrochromic device laminate is described in PCT application PCT/US2011/027148, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
It is believed that the use of annealed float glass for an EC application requires a careful treatment of the EC panel edge preparation in order to provide a strong enough edge to withstand in-service thermal stresses which are created by solar heating of the center of the panel. The analysis of stress generation and the increased protection afforded by use of laser cutting compared to conventional preparation methods are described in co-pending applications U.S. application Ser. Nos. 13/178,065 and 13/040,787, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
Conventionally, in order to prepare an EC panel having a sufficiently strong edge to withstand in-service thermal stresses, laser cutting of the EC panel must begin outside of the finished panel. This is because the portion of the panel at which the laser cutting begins would be subject to possibly weakened stress resistance levels. FIG. 1 shows an example layout for cutting custom sized EC panels from a master panel 10. In FIG. 1, the master panel 10 is prepared to be cut into daughter panels 12, 14, 16, and 18. In order to cut apart panels 14 and 16, a laser cut must be performed along line 15. In order to perform such a laser cut, the laser cut should not begin in the area reserved for any of panels 12, 14, 16 or 18. Therefore, waste areas 11 and 19, on the border and in the middle of the master panel 10, must be reserved for beginning the laser cuts.
In the example of FIG. 1, the starter crack, or starter cut, for line 15 is approximately 15 mm from the intersection among panels 14 and 16 and waste area 19, and approximately 15 mm from the border between panel 12 and waste area 19. Thus, the waste area 19 is a 'no-use' region in the middle of the master panel 10, approximately about 20-25 mm in width. This would result in both a loss of useable area on the master panel as well as limit the customizability in daughter panel placement, and further reduces pattern yields.

Method of cutting a panel using a starter crack and a glass panel including a starter crack


A moisture vapor barrier film composition can comprise a thermoplastic web comprising a thermoplastic polymer and a dispersed cyclodextrin composition having substituents that compatibilize the cyclodextrin in the film. The thermoplastic/cyclodextrin film obtains substantial barrier properties from the interaction between the substituted cyclodextrin in the film material with a water permeant. The substituents on the cyclodextrin molecule causes the cyclodextrin to be dispersible and stable in the film material resulting in an extrudable thermoplastic. Such materials can be used as a single layer film material, a multilayer film material which can be coated or uncoated and can be used in structural materials wherein the thermoplastic is of substantial thickness resulting in structural stiffness. The cooperation between the cyclodextrin and the thermoplastic polymer provides barrier properties to a web wherein a permeant can be complexed or entrapped by the cyclodextrin compound and held within the film preventing the moisture vapor permeant from passing through the film into the interior of a film, an enclosure or container.

Much attention has been directed to the development of packaging materials in a film, a semi-rigid or rigid sheet and a rigid container made of a thermoplastic composition. In such applications, the polymeric composition preferably acts as a barrier to the passage of a variety of liquid water or moisture vapor permeant compositions to prevent contact between, e.g., the contents of a package and water. Improving barrier properties is an important goal for manufacturers of film and thermoplastic resins.
Barrier properties arise from both the structure and the composition of the material. The order of the structure (i.e.,), the crystallinity or the amorphous nature of the material, the presence of adsorbents or absorbents in the material, the existence of layers or coatings can affect barrier properties. The barrier property of many materials can be increased by using liquid crystal or self-ordering molecular technology, by axially orienting materials such as an ethylene vinyl alcohol film, or by biaxially orienting polypropylene films and by using other useful structures. Internal polymeric structure can be crystallized or ordered in a way to increase the resistance to permeation of a permeant. A material can be selected, for the thermoplastic or packaging coating, which prevents absorption of a permeant onto the barrier surface. The material can also be selected to prevent the transport of the permeant through the barrier.
The permeation process can be described as a multistep event. First, collision of the permeant molecule with the polymer is followed by sorption into the polymer. Next, migration through the polymer matrix by random hops occurs and finally the desorption of the permeant from the polymer completes the process. The process occurs to eliminate an existing chemical concentration difference between the outside of the film and the inside of the package. Permeability of an organic molecule through a packaging film consists of two component parts, the diffusion rate and solubility of the molecule in the film. The diffusion rate measures how fast molecule transport occurs through the film. Solubility is a measure of the concentration of the permeant molecule that will be in position to migrate through the film. Diffusion and solubility are important measurements of a barrier film's performance. There are two types of mechanisms of mass transfer for organic vapors permeating through packaging films: capillary flow and activated diffusion. Capillary flow involves small molecules permeating through pinholes or highly porous media. This is of course an undesirable feature in a high barrier film. The second, called activated diffusion, consists of solubilization of the penetrants into an effectively non-porous film at the inflow surface, diffusion through the film under a concentration gradient (high concentration to low concentration), and release from the outflow surface at a lower concentration. In non-porous polymeric films, therefore, the mass transport of a penetrant includes three steps--sorption, diffusion, and desorption. Sorption and desorption depend upon the solubility of the penetrant in the film. The process of sorption of a vapor by a polymer can be considered to involve two stages: condensation of the vapor onto the polymer followed by solution of the condensed vapor into the polymer. For a thin-film polymer, permeation is the flow of a substance through a film under a permeant concentration gradient. The driving force for permeation is given as the pressure difference of the permeant across the film. Several factors determine the ability of a permeant molecule to permeate through a membrane: size, shape, and chemical nature of the permeant, physical and chemical properties of the polymer, and interactions between the permeant and the polymer. A permeant for this application means moisture vapor or water vapor. A typical barrier material comprises a single layer of polymer, a two layer coextruded or laminated polymer film, a coated monolayer, bilayer or multilayer film having one, or more coatings on a surface or both surfaces of the film or sheet.
The two most widely used barrier polymers for food packaging are olefin polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH) ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA) and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC). Other useful thermoplastics include ethylene acrylic materials including ethylene acrylic acid, ethylene methacrylic acid, etc. Such polymers are available commercially and offer some resistance to permeation of gases, flavors, aromas, solvents and most chemicals. PVDC is also an excellent barrier to moisture while EVOH offers very good processability and permits substantial use of regrind materials. EVOH copolymer resins are commonly used in a wide variety of grades having varying ethylene concentrations. As the ethylene content is reduced, the barrier properties to gases, flavors and solvents increase. EVOH resins are commonly used in coextrusions with polyolefins, nylon or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a structural layer. Commercially, amorphous nylon resins are being promoted for monolayer bottles and films. Moderate barrier polymer materials such as monolayer polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl pentene or polyvinyl chloride films are available.
The following table lists a water vapor transition rate (WVTR) for each of a variety of packaging polymers. An inspection of this table and a comparison to similar permeation rates for other permeants such as oxygen, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, etc. shows that different permeants have differing permeation rates in various polymers. A polymer that is a good oxygen barrier is often a poor water vapor barrier. Such a relationship can be qualitatively established considering the mechanism of transport through a barrier. Barrier polymers often rely on dipole-dipole interactions to reduce chain mobility and, hence, diffusional movement of permeants. These dipoles can be good sites for hydrogen bonding. Water molecules are attracted to these sites leading to a high solubility characteristic. Excellent examples of dipole-dipole interaction as a function of WVTR @ 37.80.degree. C. or 38.degree. C. and 90% RH.
______________________________________ POLYMER.sup.1 WVTR ______________________________________ Fluoropolymer 0.0119-0.0236 PVDC 0.02 HDPE 0.17 PP 0.4 EVOH (@ 40.degree. C.) 0.79-2.4 PET 0.39-1.7 ______________________________________ .sup.1 decreasing dipole to dipole.
Further, water molecules can enhance the diffusion by interrupting attractions and chain packing of the barrier material. Polymer molecules without substantial dipole-dipole interaction such as polyolefins, dissolve very little water and have low WVTR and other similar permeability values. The lower solubility more than compensate for the incrementally higher diffusion.
As expected, the solubility and diffusivity of liquids and gases in polymers are strongly dependent upon polymer molecular structure, chemical composition and polymer morphology. Properties related to solubility, such as permeability, also behave in a similar fashion. Accordingly, from solubility theory it is expected that the solubility of an organic penetrant in a polymer is related to the difference between the solubility parameter (.delta.) of both the penetrant and polymer. Good solubility is expected when the difference between solubility parameter values is close to a mean zero. It should be pointed out, however, that the solubility-parameter approach is useful only in the absence of strong polymer-penetrant interactions, such as hydrogen bonding.
The relationship between penetrant transfer characteristics and the basic molecular structure and chemical composition of a polymer is rather complex, and a number of factors contribute to the sorption and diffusion processes, among the most important being:
(a) structure regularity or chain symmetry, which can readily lead to a three-dimensional order of crystallinity. This is determined by the type of monomer(s) and the conditions of the polymerization reaction; PA1 (b) cohesive-energy density, which produces strong intermolecular bonds, Van der Waals or hydrogen bonds and regular, periodic arrangement of such groups; PA1 (c) chain alignment or orientation which allows laterally bonding groups to approach each other to the distance of best interaction, enhancing the tendency to form crystalline materials; and PA1 (d) the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer, above which free vibration and rotational motion of polymer chains occur so that different conformations can be assumed.
Polymer free volume is also a function of structural regularity, orientation and cohesive energy density. The aforementioned structure-property relationships all contribute to a decrease in solubility and diffusivity, and thus permeability.
Examples of the effect of polymer molecular structure and chemical composition on the sorption equilibrium and diffusion values for acetone vapor by a series of barrier polymer films of varying functionality are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ Water-vapor Transmission Rates of Selected Polymers.sup.a WVTR, Polymer nmol/(m.s) ______________________________________ vinylidene chloride copolymers 0.005-0.05 high density polyethylene (HDPE) 0.095 polypropylene 0.16 low density polyethylene (LDPE) 0.35 ethylene-vinyl alcohol, 44 mol % 0.35 ethylene.sup.b poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) 0.45 poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) 0.55 ethylene-vinyl alcohol, 32 mol % 0.95 ethylene nylon-6,6 nylon-11 0.95 nitrile barrier resins 1.5 polystyrene 1.8 nylon-6 2.7 polycarbonate 2.8 nylon-12 15.9 ______________________________________ .sup.a At 38.degree. C. and 90% RH unless otherwise noted (13). .sup.b Measured at 40.degree. C. (KirkOthmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, p. 943, Volume 3 (4th Ed.), WileyInterscience)
An inspection of the table shows that a film made from these materials can have an appreciable moisture vapor transmission rate. However, in many applications improvement is needed. Contact between a packaged food, water sensitive material, or other item contained within the package with moisture vapor can result in a sensory change and/or spoilage. Control of moisture exchange with the environment, accomplished through barrier packaging, is crucial for moisture sensitive foods. Foods are complex biologically and chemically active systems that require strict control over their manufacturing, distribution and storage conditions in order to maintain a safety and sensory and nutritive values. Shelf life is the time period between processing and use during which a food stays within acceptable limits of quality. To ensure a high quality product for at least its targeted shelf life, environmental conditions such as temperature, moisture, gas composition and light must be controlled. Barrier packaging can be used to accomplish moisture control, gas composition and light effects. The primary function of the food package, besides serving as a containing unit, is to keep the food in a controlled microenvironment. The package itself becomes part of the food environment and the food package interactions have to be considered. The package can include an artificial atmosphere, can prevent light from penetrating and altering the food composition, and can maintain the water activity of the food constant or ensure that no additional moisture comes in contact with the food contents.
Water is of major importance in food preservation. Maintaining low water activity can act as an important preservation technique. Moisture content or activity (A.sub.w) can improve the texture quality, the tendency to lipid oxidation, the tendency for non-enzymatic browning, the enzymatic activity and the mold and bacteria growth. Water activity describes the degree of boundness of the water contained in the food and its availability to act as a solvent and participate in chemical or biochemical reactions. Critical levels of water activity can cause undesirable deterioration. From a safety standpoint, increased water activity can promote microbial growth. Textural qualities are also very important for consumers. Texture is greatly affected by water activity. Dry, crisp foods like potato chips, popcorn, crackers, corn flakes, and other breakfast or snack foods can quickly lose crispness and can become texturally unacceptable as moisture activity increases from about 0.3 to greater than 0.5 or more. Foods with intermediate moisture activity such as dried fruits, pet foods, bakery goods, etc. can become hard if water activity drops below about 0.6. Unpopped popcorn requires a water activity greater than about 0.3-0.5 to increase popping volume. Further, a number of the chemical constituents of foods can change from amorphous to crystalline or from crystalline to amorphous stage during storage in inappropriate water activities. Further, the ability of water to act as a solvent or reaction medium can change the nature and quality of the food product. Many reactions that promote food deterioration can increase in reaction rate as water activity increases. Clearly, water activity in foods is a significant feature. The ability to maintain foods within a certain water activity can be critical. Packaging should be able to prevent drying and prevent introduction of increased water activity into a food. The packaging industry has worked for many years to improve the barrier properties of a variety of packaging materials such as those shown in Table 1.
Substantial attention is now directed to a variety of technologies for the improvement of moisture vapor barrier properties. The use of both physical barriers and active chemical barriers or traps in packaging materials are under active investigation. In particular, attention has focused on use of specific copolymer and terpolymer materials, the use of specific polymer alloys, the use of improved coatings for barrier material such as silica, metals, organometallics, and other strategies.
Packaging scientists are continuing to develop new polymeric films, coated films, polymeric alloys, etc. using blends of materials to attain higher barrier properties. Many of these systems have attained some degree of utility but have failed to achieve substantial commercial success due to a variety of factors including obtaining barrier performance at low cost.
Yeh et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,677 teach a water vapor barrier material comprising a styrene-butadiene polymer containing about 0.5-10% of a polyethylene wax as a barrier additive. Thomas et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,378,510 disclose a barrier film made by forming a coating on the film using an organosilicon reagent in an oxygen atmosphere. Kunz et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,387,449 teach a polymer laminate containing layers of polyester-ceramic materials or polyolefin materials. Deak et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,085,904 teach a multilayer structure containing film materials such as polyester and barrier layers of silica materials. Lohwasser, U.S. Pat. No. 5,436,035 teach barrier materials comprising coated plastic films. The coatings are generated in a plasma phase and comprise ceramics such as silicon dioxide, silicon monoxide, aluminum oxide and others. Percec et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,114,795 teach a multilayered barrier laminate film. Kuechler et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,324,572 teach a multilayer laminate film having improved barrier properties. Sibbach et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,912,103 teach a heat sealable barrier laminate film. Jorge et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,073,617 teach an improved barrier film made by extrusion and then post-treating the film after extrusion to optimize barrier properties.
One problem that arises when searching for polymer blends or compounded polymeric materials, relates to the physical properties of the film. Films must retain substantial clarity, tensile strength, resistance to penetration, tear resistance, etc. to remain useful in packaging materials. Blending unlike materials into a thermoplastic before film extrusion often results in a substantial reduction of film properties. Finding compatible polymer materials for polymer alloys, and compatible additives for polymeric materials typically require empirical demonstration of compatibility and does not follow a clearly developed theory. However compatibility can be demonstrated by showing that the compounded material obtains an improved barrier quality with little reduction in clarity, processability, or structural properties using conventional test methods. Accordingly, a substantial need exists for development of materials that can be incorporated into polymeric material to form a packaging thermoplastic having excellent barrier properties without any substantial reduction in structural properties.

Moisture barrier material comprising a thermoplastic and a compatible cyclodextrin derivative


A method for forming a ready-to-hang lace curtain and a lace curtain comprising stiffen vertical panel of woven fabric. Each panel being joined to an adjacent panel by an integrally woven vertical zone of open mesh. The open mesh zones formed from a plurality of threads twisted into a single vertical strand. The strand being joined to adjacent vertical panels at evenly spaced intervals by a single loop of thread draw from the vertical strand and extending generally horizontally. The loops being interwoven at spaced locations into the edge of the adjacent vertical panel. Forming an accordion-folding of the plurality of the vertical panels along the mesh zones into aligned and compact stacked assembly and simultaneously die-cutting an opening through the assembled panels while they are in the stacked aligned configuration. The opening configured to receive means for hanging the curtain.

Woven lace curtains comprised of patterned vertical panels joined by integrally woven vertical zones of open mesh are known in the art, for example, as disclosed in my Canadian patent No. 1,225,929. In order to suspend the prior art curtain from a rod or pole, an opening was integrally woven into each of the panels at the time of manufacture. Thereafter, the woven fabric was treated with a finishing agent to stiffen the entire curtain so that the panels would hang vertically to permit the decorative pattern to be seen and enjoyed when the curtain was in the extended position, and equally as importantly, to permit the panels to lay flat against each other when accordion-folded against the frame at the side of the window.
Curtains of the prior art construction with integrally woven openings for the curtain rod did not provide a consistent and uniform appearance when in the extended, or partially extended position. This was because the weaving of the openings could not be done with absolute precision from panel to panel, and also because of the uneven forces applied to the areas around the openings when the curtain was manually moved along the rod. As a result, panels hung at different heights, which was readily apparent to even a casual observer, since both the top and bottom edges of the stiffened panels were out of alignment.
The lack of uniform alignment of the panels of the prior art curtains was also attributable to the construction of the vertical zones of open mesh that provided the flexibility of a hinge that allowed the panels to be positioned in compact, accordion-folded alignment. The open mesh construction consisted of a vertical twisted strand formed from a plurality of individual threads. At regular, alternating intervals, a thread was drawn from the strand and interwoven into an adjacent panel. However, the thread extended into the panel at a single point of entry. This construction provided uneven vertical support between the panels, and allowed adjacent panels to hang at uneven heights.
It is therefore, an object of the invention to provide an improved curtain in which the individual panels maintain a visual alignment when supported on a curtain rod or pole.
It is another object of the invention to provide an improved construction to the vertical zone of woven open mesh that will provide increased vertical support to adjacent panels of the stiffened fabric and thereby assist in maintaining the visual alignment over the life and use of the curtains.
Another object of the invention is to provide improved methods of manufacture of such curtains that are faster, more efficient and less expensive than the methods of the prior art.
A further object of the invention is to provide improved curtains having an extended useful life, and which require no wands, clips, pulleys or other accessory components for their use and installation.

Accordion fold curtains and method of manufacture

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The present application disclose a display panel and display device, including a substrate, and an electrostatic discharge circuit disposed on the substrate and including a voltage gate high terminal (VGH terminal), a voltage gate low terminal (VGL terminal), an electrostatic input end and a common voltage terminal (VCOM terminal) coupled with components of the display panel; and a first discharge circuit, where an output end of the first discharge circuit is respectively connected to the voltage gate high terminal and the voltage gate low terminal, and a control end and an input end of the first discharge circuit are connected to the electrostatic input end; and a second discharge circuit, where an input end of the second discharge circuit is connected to the electrostatic input end, and an output end of the second discharge circuit is connected to the common voltage terminal.

The description herein provides only background information related to this application, but does not necessarily constitute the existing technology.
Liquid crystal display apparatuses (LCD apparatuses) have numerous advantages, such as a thin body, power saving, no radiation, etc., and are widely used. Most liquid crystal display apparatuses in a current market are backlit liquid crystal display apparatuses, each including a liquid crystal panel and a backlight module. Working principle of the liquid crystal panel is that liquid crystals are put in two parallel glass substrates, and a driving voltage is applied to two glass substrates to control rotational direction of the liquid crystals, to refract light rays of the backlight module to generate a picture.
Thin film transistor liquid crystal display apparatuses (TFT-LCD apparatuses) currently maintain a leading status in the display field because of low power consumption, excellent picture quality, high production yield, and other properties. Similarly, the TFT-LCD apparatus includes a liquid crystal panel and a backlight module. The display panel includes a color filter substrate (CF substrate), a thin film transistor substrate (TFT substrate), a mask and transparent electrodes on relative inner sides of the above substrates. A layer of liquid crystals (LC) is positioned between two substrates.
However, for electrostatic discharge (ESD), if the ESD exceeds a certain voltage, then an integrated circuit chip medium is punctured, a chip wire is broken, leakage current is increased to accelerate aging, electric performance parameters are changed, and the like. Thus, protection for the ESD is very important.

Display panel having electrostatic discharge circuit and display device

CHONGQING HKC OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.


‘LMF500’ is a distinctive variety of Lomandra filiformis characterized by a more compact growth habit with a greater shoot density than common Lomandra filiformis. In addition, ‘LMF500’ has a more glaucous leaf texture than common Lomandra filiformis, which results in an overall blue-green foliage colour, whereas common Lomandra filiformis has an overall grey-green to green foliage colour.

The present invention relates to a new and distinct perennial variety of Lomandra filiformis, which has been given the varietal denomination of 'LMF500'. Its market class is that of an ornamental grass-like plant. 'LMF500' is intended for use in landscaping and as a decorative grass-like plant.
Parentage. The Lomandra filiformis variety 'LMF500' was first discovered in 1999 in an Australian nursery in the state of New South Wales during a routine inspection of large quantities of common Lomandra filiformis production stock. 'LMF500' is a seedling selection from common Lomandra filiformis. 'LMF500' was selected due to its very glaucous upper side leaf texture.
Asexual reproduction. 'LMF500' was first propagated asexually by division in the state of New South Wales, Australia and has since been asexually propagated by division and micropropagation.
Divisions were made for several subsequent generations, and 'LMF500' was observed to retain the characteristics that were noted in the original 'LMF500' seedling. Thus, the distinctive characteristics of the inventive 'LMF500' variety have remained stable and true to type from generation to generation through successive cycles of asexual reproduction.
An application for plant breeders' rights for variety 'LMF500' has been filed with the Australian Plant Breeders' Rights Office, and was first gazetted in the Plant Varieties Journal under Application No. 2004/249.

Lomandra filiformis plant named ‘LMF500’


Improved isoparaffin-olefin alkylation solid catalyst processes are provided which are characterized by low coke laydown and catalyst deactivation rates and production of valuable branched chain, high octane number alkylates. The processes of the invention involve providing a starting reactant mixture comprising an isoparaffin, an olefin and a co-solvent or diluent (carbon dioxide in molar excess, methane, hydrogen or mixtures thereof), and contacting the reactant mixture with an alkylation catalyst at near-critical or preferably supercritical conditions for the reaction mixture. The carbon dioxide serves as a co-solvent and reduces the critical temperature (T.sub.c) of the reaction mixture, thereby allowing lower reaction temperatures. The isoparaffin and olefin reactants are preferably pretreated to minimize moisture, peroxide and oxygenate impurities therein.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is broadly concerned with improved isoparaffin-olefin alkylation processes used for the conversion of low carbon number paraffins and olefins into valuable, high octane number compounds useful in gasolines. More particularly, the invention pertains to such alkylation processes wherein the problem of coke laydown and catalyst deactivation is minimized and the production of high octane number alkylates is enhanced by carrying out the alkylation reaction at near-critical or supercritical conditions and by using a co-solvent or diluent such as carbon dioxide in a molar excess.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Alkylation processes are used industrially to convert light refinery gases such as C.sub.4 -C.sub.5 isoparaffins into more valuable branched chain gasoline-range C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 alkylate compounds. Particularly valuable alkylates are trimethylpentanes (TMPs) and 2,2-dimethylbutane (neohexane) which are used as high-octane blending components for aviation and civilian gasolines. It is estimated that about 13% of the U.S. gasoline pool is made up of alkylates.
Conventional alkylation processes utilize HF or H.sub.2 SO.sub.4. These acidic processes are undesirable for a number of reasons including environmental and transportation hazards, and the difficulty of economical acid disposal or regeneration. Alkylation processes are also known where the isoparaffin and olefin reactants contact a zeolite, sulfated zirconia, wide-pore MCM-type or other solid alkylation catalysts at elevated temperature and pressure reaction conditions.
A significant problem with solid-catalyzed alkylation processes is the tendency for the catalysts to rapidly deactivate by virtue of coke laydown on the catalyst which tends to plug the catalyst pores. This problem is compounded in that most solid alkylation catalysts cannot be regenerated without causing irreversible degradation of the catalysts. Certain reactor operating strategies have been proposed to mitigate the problem of coke laydown, such as the use of a slurry reactor or supercritical operation. However, these efforts have not been truly successful; for example, at the high temperatures required to achieve supercritical reaction conditions when not using a co-solvent or diluent such as carbon dioxide, undesirable side reactions such as oligomerization and cracking are favored. As a consequence, while catalytic alkylation processes have shown promise, a number of intractable problems exist which limit the practical utility thereof.

Solid acid supercritical alkylation reactions using carbon dioxide and/or other co-solvents


A method, system and computer program product for facilitating ergonomics-based health in a user of a computer workstation is presented. The method includes the steps of detecting an ergonomics problem for a user of a computer workstation, wherein the ergonomics problem is directly related to a current real-time body position of the user, and wherein the ergonomics problem would likely cause an injury to the user if left uncorrected. A user health protection algorithm is then executed to generate an ergonomic recommendation. The user health protection algorithm utilizes user work parameters as inputs. The ergonomic recommendation, which will correct the ergonomics problem, is then presented to the user.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of computers, and specifically to computer workstations. Still more particularly, the present disclosure relates to assisting computer users in managing ergonomic issues related to computer workstations.
2. Description of the Related Art
Ergonomics is the field of industrial engineering that deals with how humans interact with equipment and the ambient environment while performing certain tasks. Failure to incorporate proper ergonomics practices, such as improper equipment design, poor tasks design, and/or lack of environmental controls can cause a wide range of injuries to a person. These injuries include minor and transient injuries, such as mild headaches and muscle pain, to more serious injuries, such as carpal tunnel syndrome. Such injuries are particularly common when a user is working at a computer workstation.
Even at a computer workstation that has been optimally designed with careful consideration to ergonomic factors, a user may still misuse the workstation through improper posture, positioning of wireless input devices, poor work practices, etc. That is, even if a user has been trained in proper ergonomic behavioral practices, failing to consistently practice such behavior may expose the user to injury.

Ergonomics-based health facilitator for computer users