The present invention relates to a method and device for generating an ontology instance that classifies documents into structured documents and unstructured documents and automatically generates ontology instances. The method includes collecting documents corresponding to classes of an ontology from Web; if the collected documents are unstructured documents, extracting inter-entity relationship information from the unstructured documents; if the collected documents are structured documents, extracting inter-entity relationship information from the structured documents; generating ontology instances from the extracted inter-entity relationship information, and mapping the generated ontology instances to corresponding classes of the ontology.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates a device and method for automatically generating an ontology instance, and more particularly, to a device and method for automatically generating an ontology instance that extracts entities and inter-entity relationships from structured documents and unstructured documents on the Internet and generates/stores ontology instances.
This work was supported by the IT R&D program of MIC/IITA [2006-S-036-02, Development of large vocabulary/interactive distributed/embedded VUI for new growth engine industries].
2. Description of the Related Art
A knowledge representing technology, which more naturally represents actual knowledge and can automatically induce new knowledge through logical inference, has been actively researched in recent years, after a data-based technology that represents and uses data on the basis of a relational model. A typical technology development trend is a Semantic Web technology.
Semantic Web is the next generation intelligent Web in which a computer can understand the meanings of knowledge resources and logically infer the meanings. The Semantic Web is a framework and technology that represents information about resources (web documents, various files, services, and the like) and relationship-meanings information (Semantics) between resources in distributed computing environment such as the present Internet by a machine (computer) processable form and allows an automated machine (computer) to process the information. Resources, information, knowledge, and the like are defined as a concept of an ontology under the framework. Accordingly, the ontology is knowledge that is obtained by formally and clearly specifying various information resources on the Internet so as to be processed by a computer.
However, since various information provided from the Internet is not standardized in a predetermined format, it is difficult to collect various information, to represent various information in the form of an ontology, and to convert various information into ontology instances.
A Large-scale Ontology Generation System, which integrates independent knowledge distributed on the Internet and generates consistent knowledge information, has been disclosed in Korean Patent application Publication No. 2005-0065196. The system collects knowledge that exists on knowledge servers distributed on Internet, and generates relationship information of the knowledge, thereby generating consistent and integrated knowledge information.
However, since the system operates under a premise that knowledge exists on knowledge servers, there is a problem in that the system is difficult to be applied to knowledge information not having a format. Therefore, it is not possible to collect and integrate knowledge information generated by a system that is not designed on the basis of an ontology. For this reason, there is a limitation on the collection of knowledge information.

Device and method for automatically generating ontology instance

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute


A method is presented for throttling data transmissions within a data processing system. Information about a data transfer from a server to a client is received within the application layer of a server, which stores the information about the data transfer along with information about a number of recent data transfers from the server to the client to create a sliding window of historical information about data transfers. The data transfer from the application layer of the server is delayed within the application layer of the server for an amount of time that is approximately equal to a computed delay time value in response to a determination that an average data transfer rate over the number of recent data transfers from the server to the client may exceed a data transfer rate threshold parameter.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an improved data processing system and, in particular, to a method and apparatus for multicomputer data transferring. Still more particularly, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for computer-to-computer data transfer regulating.
2. Description of Related Art
The bandwidth of a network is a resource that needs to be carefully managed. When a number of data transmissions are multiplexed together over a network, the network must efficiently deliver these datastreams and retain the best possible delivered quality even when a transmitting entity attempts to exceed the bandwidth of the intervening network links. Hence, in transferring data within a distributed data processing system between a sending entity, such as a server, and multiple target receiving entities, such as a set of clients, one problem that needs to be addressed is the manner in which data is transmitted from a server to the receivers while managing network bandwidth. More specifically, this problem may include controlling the ability of the server to send an appropriate amount of data to the receivers within an appropriate period of time.
It is often the case that the network bandwidth capacity varies from receiver to receiver. Hence, a simple network management solution that divides network bandwidth equally among the receivers and that transmits data to all receivers at the same rate will result in the bandwidth capacity of one or more receivers being underutilized or overutilized. Although the transmission of data can be managed in a static manner using various threshold limits, the network bandwidth is not utilized efficiently.
Other solutions throttle the transmission of data at the source entity in a dynamic manner by monitoring bandwidth utilization at the OSI transport layer. The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model is a seven-layer abstract description for communications and computer network protocol design which divides the functions of network communication into a stack or a series of layers. The purpose of the transport layer is to provide transparent transfer of data between end users, thus relieving the upper layers from any concern with providing reliable and cost-effective data transfer; TCP/IP (Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is a commonly used OSI Layer 4 protocol. Although applying bandwidth control at the OSI transport layer can yield efficient bandwidth utilization, these approaches have a significant drawback in that they require replacement of standard TCP/IP software that is commonly bundled within most operating systems. However, it is not an option for many software products to require a significant modification to an operating system with a special TCP/IP implementation that may impact numerous software applications in order to achieve a single software product's goal of efficient bandwidth utilization.
Therefore, it would be advantageous to provide a bandwidth control mechanism within a server that is transmitting data to multiple receivers with different network bandwidth capacities such that the bandwidth control mechanism is wholly contained within a single application.

Method and system for throttling network transmissions using per-receiver bandwidth control at the application layer of the transmitting server

International Business Machines Corporation


An apparatus is provided for monitoring a person. The apparatus is configured for identifying one or more undesirable conditions, by analyzing data from a sensor unit associated with the person's bed, the data being indicative of the person's presence in or absence from the bed. Upon identification of at least one undesirable condition, the apparatus emits a local alarm and transmits an alert signal to a remote apparatus, which is configured for notifying one or more responders about the undesirable condition. If one or more responders responds to the notification, or if the apparatus is reset locally, the local alarm is stopped.

Caring for an elderly person is a difficult task. Leaving the elderly person alone for even a short time period may be worrisome to the caregiver. Different systems are available in the art for monitoring elderly people and keeping responders (such as family members, medical personnel, or hired caretakers) informed about the status of the monitored elderly people.
For example, BeClose (beclose.com) manufactures a monitoring system which includes a plurality of wireless sensors, a hub, and a server. The wireless sensors are placed around the house of the monitored person, and record different activities of the monitored person. The hub receives data from the sensors and transmits the data to the server, which is accessible to responders for monitoring the activities of the monitored person. The server is also configured for processing the data to identify one or more undesirable conditions, which may be indicative of an emergency. If at least one of the conditions is identified, the server notifies the responder via an email, an SMS, or a phone call.

System and method for monitoring a person


A process for solubilization of protein including application of an alkali, such as lime, and heating. The process may also involve lime recovery and may be accomplished in a single stage or two stages to separate protein solubilized from labile and recalcitrant sources. Systems and devices for use in such process, including a continuous stirred tank reactor and a plug flow reactor are also involved.

The growing world population has increased food requirements drastically during the past decades, leading to a bigger demand for protein sources for domesticated animals. The increased population also generates an increasing amount of waste that can be a valuable source for producing animal feed.
Processes for protein solubilization from biological sources are useful in turning protein in waste into valuable protein sources. Accordingly, a number of such process have been previously developed. Some processes function only with easily solubilized proteins. Others have been designed to improve solubilization of protein from sources where protein is not easily solubilized, such as chicken feathers.
Thermo-chemical treatments promote the hydrolysis of protein-rich materials, splitting complex polymers into smaller molecules, improving their digestibility, and generating products that enable animals to meet their needs for maintenance, growth, and production with less total feed.
One previous process for the solubilization of protein in chicken feathers involves steam treatment. In this process feathers are treated with steam to make feather meal. The process increases the solubility or digestibility of protein in the feathers only slightly.
Another previous process involves acid treatment of protein sources. The treatment hydrolyzes amino acids, but conditions are usually so harsh that many amino acids are destroyed. Also the acid conditions encourage the formation of disulfide bonds rather than the destruction of such bonds, which would aid solubility.
Additionally, conditions in previous systems may not be suitable for the destruction of prions in the original protein source.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Method and system for solubilizing protein


A metal wood golf club head having a substantial portion of the mass of the club positioned near the front, striking face of the club head. A high density material, such as tungsten, is inlaid in the face section of the club head. The remaining, rear bulbous section is made of a lightweight, high strength material such as titanium.

A conventional set of golf clubs normally contains a putter, several irons and a few woods. The heads of woods were traditionally made of wood, but more recently have been constructed of steel. A wood made of steel (also called a metal wood) has a similar external configuration to a wooden one, and has a hollow interior chamber to maintain the mass of the metal wood to be similar to a wooden one of the same designation (e.g. 3 wood).
More recently, metal woods have been made of titanium and other lightweight, high strength alloys. The use of these alloys has permitted club head designers to strategically design the heads due to fewer weight limitations in the material used. Titanium has a higher strength-to-weight ratio than steel, and therefore the entire golf club head can be made, for example, much larger than a steel or wooden head of the same designation.
The primary advantage of increasing the size of the club head is the increased size of the striking face of the club head. The striking face is the nearly flat, outer surface of the club head which is intended to impact the golf ball. Although a larger striking face improves the probability of hitting a ball in the desired direction, further improvements can be made to metal woods, whether of normal size or not.
FIG. 1. shows a conventional golf club 10 and its club head 12 swung along a swing path 14. The center of mass (which is denoted CM, and is coincident with the center of gravity) is the point at which the mass of the club head 12 is treated as being concentrated, and the swing path 14 is the line through which the center of mass passes when the club 10 is swung.
It is preferred that, when the striking face 16 impacts the golf ball 18, the plane of the striking face 16 be laterally perpendicular to the swing path 14 if a straight drive (no hook or slice) is desired. Laterally perpendicular means that a line drawn horizontally through the plane of the face 16 is perpendicular to the swing path 14. It is also preferred for a straight drive that the face 16 stay laterally perpendicular through the entire time period that the ball 18 and face 16 are in contact. Normally, some angle will be formed between the face 16 and swing path 14, but it is desirable to minimize this angle. When the face 16 strikes the ball 18, it compresses the ball 18, storing up energy which is released when the ball 18 expands and leaves the face 16. The more the face 16 remains laterally perpendicular until after the ball 18 leaves it, the less sideways spin (which causes hooks and slices) will be imparted to the ball 18.
Even if the swing path 14 starts laterally perpendicular to the striking face 16, if the point of impact with the ball 18 is not positioned along the swing path 14, the ball 18 will most probably not be projected away from the striking face 16 along a laterally straight line. Problems arise when the point of ball 18 impact is offset from the swing path because this may cause the face 16 to become laterally angled relative to the swing path 14 even if it is laterally perpendicular at the instant of impact. The changing of the angle between the face 16 and the swing path 14 is described in the following paragraphs.
FIG. 2 shows the golf club 12 swung along the same swing path 14 as in FIG. 1. The ball 18, however, impacts the striking face 16 at a point which is offset from the swing path 14 by the distance a.sub.2. At the instant the club striking face 16 contacts the ball 18 it exerts a force against the ball 18, and the ball 18 exerts an equal and opposite force against the club head 12. Since the force exerted by the ball 18 is applied to the club head 12 a distance a.sub.2 from its center of mass, the force causes a torque .GAMMA. to be applied to the club head 12. The distance a.sub.2 is the moment arm of the torque .GAMMA. (torque, .GAMMA. equals the force, F times the moment arm, a.sub.2) applied to the club head 12. The torque .GAMMA. causes the club head 12 to rotate about the point of impact between the ball 18 and the striking face 16, making the club head 12 an unstable body.
The rotation of the club head 12 about the point of impact with the ball 18 causes the striking face 16 to become laterally angled relative to the swing path 14 during the brief time period of ball impact. From the moment of initial impact of the ball 18 with the striking face 16, through compression and then expansion of the ball 18 until release of the ball 18 from the striking face 16, the lateral angle of the striking face 16 relative to the swing path 14 will change due to the torque .GAMMA. applied to the club head 12. Even if the face 16 is laterally perpendicular to the swing path 14 at the beginning of ball 18 impact, the torque applied to the club head 12 will rotate the club head 12, forming an angle between the face 16 and the swing path 14. The angled face 16 will cause sideways spin on the ball 18 making the ball 18 spin and therefore veer to one side or the other.
Increasing the club head size does not decrease the above-described torque. Increasing the club head size primarily increases the striking face size, thereby increasing the likelihood of hitting a golf ball with the better part of the striking face. However, since the striking face is so much larger on a larger club head than a conventional golf club head, the torque due to offset ball impact is potentially greater since the point of impact with the ball can be offset substantially farther from the center of mass, creating a substantially longer moment arm.
Therefore, the need exists for an improved golf club head which reduces or eliminates the torque applied to a golf club head due to misalignment of the ball with the swing path.


Molecular glass based planarizing compositions for lithographic processing are disclosed. The processes generally include casting the planarizing composition onto a surface comprised of lithographic features, the planarizing composition comprising at least one molecular glass and at least one solvent; and heating the planarizing composition to a temperature greater than a glass transition temperature of the at least one molecular glass. Exemplary molecular glasses include polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane derivatives, calixarenes, cyclodextrin derivatives, and other non-polymeric large molecules.

The present invention generally relates to planarization compositions for lithographic processes, and in particular, to lithographic processes using non-polymeric amorphous materials as a planarizing layer.
Progress in nanotechnology depends on advances in lithography and post-lithographic processing techniques. One such technique, known as reverse-tone processing (RTP), can be used to create unique nanostructures and extend the utility and process latitude of established lithographic techniques. This particular application can benefit from improvement with respect to planarization layers.
As shown in FIG. 1, the RTP process 10 generally includes casting a topcoat film 12, typically by spin-coating, onto a surface 14 comprised of lithographic features 16, i.e., having various topographic features. The topcoat can form a planarizing film 12′ or non-planar film 12 depending on the material properties and deposition. Ideally, the deposited topcoat film completely fills all the gaps 18 between those features and forms a planar surface 20 as shown in the right figure (labeled Planar Film) regardless of the topography provided by the underlying lithographic features. In addition, the composition of the topcoat film should be selected to provide high plasma etch selectivity relative to the underlying lithographic features.
After the topcoat film is cast, a plasma etch process is used to remove a portion of the topcoat film and is stopped when the top surface of the underlying lithographic features 16 are exposed. The plasma chemistry is then changed to one that selectively etches the lithographic features (and any associated under layer) with respect to the planarizing film. After this step, the tone of the features on the substrate has been reversed and is opposite to those that were lithographically formed. Depending on the application, the reverse tone features can possess greater height-to-width aspect ratios than the original lithographically formed features.
The many technical and economic advantages of using spin-coating to cast films are known to those skilled in the art. During spin-coat for RTP, however, surface forces and fluid dynamical effects coupled with the underlying topography 16 can result in a more conformal-like coating leading to a non-planar topcoat. Subsequent etching of this non-planar film can result in poor pattern transfer as shown.
It has been found that the degree of planarization over topography such as that used in RTP depends on the aspect ratio and lateral density of the topography and on the thickness of the planarizing film. In general, tall and narrow features are more difficult to planarize, and the degree of planarization decreases as the distance between topographic features increases and as the film thickness approaches the height of the topography (Stillwagon et. al., Solid State Technol. 30(6), 67-71 (1987)). This implies that it will be difficult to planarize the space between isolated lines, especially when a thin planarizing layer is desired.
Various techniques have been attempted to provide planar coatings. For example, planarization via thermal reflow of polymeric materials has been reported (Stillwagon et. al., Solid State Technol. 30(6), 67-71 (1987)). In this technique, a polymer resin is cast in a volatile solvent and applied via spin coating. The resulting polymer film is heated above its glass transition temperature (Tg) to reduce the viscosity of the film so that surface forces will induce lateral flow and promote planarization. Unfortunately, the viscosity of polymer films do not drop significantly when heating at Tg and acceptable levels of planarization typically require high bake temperatures and/or long bake times.
A variety of other planarization approaches have also been developed. These include etch-back planarization, chemical mechanical planarization, imprint planarization (Lamb et. al., Solid State Technol. 46(10), 53-56 (2003)), and spin coating of photopolymerizable non-volatile monomers (Lin. et. al., J. Micro/Nanolith, MEMS MOEMS 7(2), 023008 (April-June 2008). Unfortunately, these approaches require special tooling and/or additional steps beyond the simple, mature, and ubiquitous spin-coating and heating techniques.
In view of the foregoing, there is a need in the art for planarization materials and methods that can be applied over topography that overcome the limitations of thermal reflow polymers and the complications and/or expense of additional tooling and/or processing steps.

Planarization over topography with molecular glass materials


Systems and methods for device type classification system include a rules engine and a machine learning engine. The machine learning engine can be trained using device type data from multiple networks. The machine learning engine and the rules engine can receive data for devices on a network at a first point in time. The data can be submitted to a rules engine and the machine learning engine, which each produce device type probabilities for devices on the network. The device type probabilities from the rules engine and the machine learning engine can be processed to determine device types for one or more devices on the network. As more data becomes available at later points in time, the additional data can be provided to the rules engine and the machine learning engine to update the device type determinations for the network.

Networks once connected a relatively limited number of device types. For example, a network device would typically be some type of computer and a network communication device such as a router or switch. In today's networks, many different device types from many different sources can be connected to a home or corporate network. For example, there has been a vast increase in the presence of network devices on home and corporate networks. In addition to traditional computing systems, a typical network can include smart phones, printers, scanners, smart televisions, set top boxes, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices.
It is often desirable to be able to know what type of device is on a network. For example, device identification can be important for network security. Different types of devices have different vulnerabilities. Further, knowledge of device type can be important for a product's usability. For example, it may be desirable for a product to provide list of devices and device types to a user. Moreover, knowledge of devices and device types on a network can be useful for data analysis for market research and marketing purposes.


A digital phase-locked loop circuit includes a counter for outputting a count value corresponding to an output frequency outputted by a voltage controlled oscillator in response to a control voltage signal, a comparator for comparing the count value from the counter with a target value associated with a target frequency output and for outputting a comparison signal according to a comparison result therebetween, a digital reference value generator for outputting a digital reference value according to the comparison signal from the comparator and including a register for storing the digital reference value therein, and a digital-to-analog converter for generating the control voltage signal based on the digital reference value received from the digital reference value generator.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a digital phase-locked loop circuit, more particularly to a digital phase-locked loop circuit that requires a relatively small circuit layout.
2. Description of the Related Art
Equalizers are usually built in control chips for optical disk drives suitable for CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW and DVD-ROM applications, and serve to amplitude equalize radio frequency signals generated by an optical pickup heads when reading an optical disk. Therefore, it is important to stabilize a −3 dB frequency (fE) of an equalizer filter so as not to affect post-processing by a digital signal processor.
FIG. 1 illustrates a control loop composed of a conventional phase-locked loop circuit 1 and a voltage controlled oscillator 2 for adequately adjusting a control voltage signal (vin) inputted to an equalizer filter 6 so as to stabilize a −3 dB frequency (fE) of the equalizer filter 6. The conventional phase-locked loop circuit 1 serves to generate the control voltage signal (vin) that is used to enable the voltage controlled oscillator 2 to generate a target frequency output (fB). The conventional phase-locked loop circuit 1 includes a frequency divider 11 for frequency dividing an output frequency (fo) outputted by the voltage controlled oscillator 2 in response to the control voltage signal (vin), a phase comparator 12 for phase comparing the output the frequency divider 11 with the target frequency output (fB) and for outputting an error signal (Te) according to a phase difference therebetween, a charge pump 13 driven in response to the error signal (Te) and outputting a current output Io, and a low-pass filter 14, which includes a resistor (R0) and a capacitor (C0), for integrating the current output from the charge pump 13 and for outputting the control voltage signal (vin).
It is assumed that the −3 dB frequency (fE) of the equalizer filter 6 is represented by the following equation: fE=k1×vin, where k1 is a constant associated with electrical characteristics of electronic components in the equalizer filter 6 and changes with actual operating temperature conditions, and that the target frequency output (fB) is represented by the following equation: fB=k2×vin, where k2 is a constant associated with electrical characteristics of electronic components in the control loop and also changes with actual operating temperature conditions. Since a ratio of k1 and k2 almost does not change even at different operating temperature conditions, the control voltage signal (vin) generated by the conventional phase-locked loop circuit 1 can stabilize the −3 dB frequency (fE) of the equalizer filter 6.
However, in view of the above configuration, the frequency divider 11, the phase comparator 12 and the charge pump 13 require a relatively large layout area (about 280000 μm2) for fabrication.


The invention describes a lighting circuit (1) comprising a primary set (11, 13) of light-emitting diodes (110, 130) of a first color and a secondary set (12) of light-emitting diodes (120) of a further color; wherein a temperature-dependent reduction in light output of the primary set (11, 13) of light-emitting diodes (110, 130) is greater than a temperature-dependent reduction in light output of the secondary set (12) of light-emitting diodes (120); and a flux ratio fixing arrangement realized to maintain an essentially constant ratio between the light output of the primary set (11, 13) and the light output of the secondary set (12) during a temperature-dependent overall reduction in light output of the light-emitting diodes (110, 120, 130) of the lighting circuit (1). The invention also describes a lighting arrangement (4, 4′) for illuminating objects (40, 41) with light of a predefined color point, which lighting arrangement (4, 4′) comprises at least one such lighting circuit (1), wherein the light-emitting diode sets (11, 12, 13) of a lighting circuit (1) are chosen to emit, in combination, light of the predefined color point at an initial temperature, and wherein the flux ratio fixing arrangement of the lighting circuit (1) is realized to maintain that color point at a temperature higher that the initial temperature.

For various lighting applications, different colored light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be combined to provide light with a certain desired color point. LEDs can emit green, blue, yellow or red light in the visible portion of the light spectrum. It is possible to obtain a 'white' LED by using a phosphor to convert the light emitted by a blue LED into white light. Similarly, blue light from blue-emitting LEDs can be converted into red light using suitable phosphors. However, this less efficient compared to directly obtaining red light from red-emitting LEDs, since phosphor conversion is associated with Stokes shift losses. With suitable combinations of 'white' and colored LEDs, light with certain efficacy can be achieved. For example, 'white' LEDs can be combined with red LEDs to obtain light with a reddish hue. Such a combination can be useful when it is desired to enhance the color rendering of red or reddish objects such as certain foodstuffs, such as meat, fruit, red-colored vegetables, etc. since the color rendering of red objects using 'pure' white light is generally poor. The color point of a combined-color light source can be determined by the number of white and colored LEDs used, and/or by the manner in which they are driven. For example, in one approach, the contribution of a particular LED color can be increased or decreased by adjusting the nominal forward current for the LEDs of that color. Alternatively, additional LEDs can be activated in order to obtain a desired overall color.
In any diode, the P/N junction activation energy levels exhibit temperature dependency, which can be quantified as a relationship between junction temperature and the drop in diode forward voltage. This relationship will depend to a large extent on the material used for the diode. For this reason, different colored LEDs have different temperature characteristics, and the luminous or photon flux of an LED, and therefore the light output of the LED, is therefore temperature-dependent. In other words, the light output of an LED starts to drop above a certain temperature. Therefore, the color point of a light source using LEDs of different colors will shift away from the initial color point. For example, red LEDs in combination with LEDs of one or more different colors (such as white) will be shifted 'away' from the red as the temperature increases. This may be problematic, since the human eye is very sensitive to slight color changes, i.e. to slight variations in color point. In a lighting application in which the red component is important, for example for refrigerated display lighting or shelf lighting, such a shift in color point can be noticed and may have an adverse effect on the perceived quality of the lighting. The light output of LEDs that emit light within a certain color range, for example 'red' LEDs (wavelength about 660 nm) and 'far-red' LEDs (wavelength about 730 nm), can also differ significantly as the junction temperature rises. While imperceptible to a human observer, the relationship between red and far-red components of the light spectrum can have noticeable effects on plants that are illuminated by a lighting arrangement using a combination of such LEDs, since plant phytochromes require a balance between red and far-red light, and plant physiological processes such as blossom induction, stem stretching, germination etc. are largely controlled by the plant phytochromes.
To deal with the problem of color point 'drift' with rising temperature, combined-color LED lighting arrangements generally make use of some kind of sensor to detect the temperature of the LEDs and/or to sense the color of the light output by the LEDs. For example, a prior art lighting arrangement using a temperature sensor can determine when a certain junction temperature has been reached, and can drive the more temperature-sensitive red LEDs by increasing their LED current. Another prior art lighting arrangement uses an optical color sensor, for example a tri-color or bi-color photodiode array, to continually monitor the combined color output. To correct a color shift or color point drift, a color feedback control circuit can be used to drive LEDs of the 'weaker' color so that these contribute more to the overall light output. Again, this can be achieved by increasing the LED current of those LEDs or by activating more LEDs of that color. Another known approach is to include a voltage measurement means in the circuit to measure the drop in forward voltage over temperature-sensitive LEDs such as a string of red LEDs. The forward voltage drop value is then converted by a controller into an increase in current for those more temperature-sensitive LEDs.
However, such sensors or measurement circuitry are expensive and add to the overall cost of the lighting arrangement. If 'extra' LEDs are included to compensate for a possible color shift at higher temperatures, these also add to the cost of the lighting arrangement but are only used during a color adjustment at such high temperatures, and are otherwise unused.
US2011/0115406 describes a white light emitting device with a primary and secondary set of LEDs, in particular a set of red and a set of blue lights. The device includes a drive circuit to compensate for variation in the ratio of red to blue light in the emission product due to the operating temperature. The circuit does not compensate for the emission intensity. The driver applies temperature sensors and/or temperature dependent resistors.
Therefore, it is an object of the invention to provide a more economical combined-color LED lighting arrangement with a favorably constant color output.


An image of a sample print printed to obtain parameters is picked up by using “a parameter obtaining device” that meets the standards of an instrument for the invention of “the electronic scrap system.” Then, the picked-up image is captured by a DTP system, and color data of a needed position are imported to a parameter DB. Thereby, parameters for simulation to be used in an invisible code printing support system can be easily inputted. Use of this method eliminates the necessity of figuring out parameters through experiments and the like, and of inputting these parameters as numerical values. In addition, since this method uses a physical medium and inks to be actually used, as they are, their optical characteristics, an influence of a blue component of invisible light emitted from an ultraviolet LED, and the like can be inputted all together as a picked-up image. Accordingly, it becomes possible to input parameters capable of accurately reproducing actual printed conditions, and thereby to produce printed materials providing high reading accuracy.

The present invention generally relates to an information processing technique, and more specifically relates to a technique for improving accuracy in reading invisible information printed together with visible information on a medium such as paper.
With wide spread of an editing and publishing method for newspapers and magazines by using a computer, such as desk top publishing (DTP), there has been built business for providing PCs, PDAs, dedicated instruments and mobile phones via the Internet with pay contents stored in servers as digitalized original contents of articles and photos printed in the newspapers and magazines.
However, paper is still used as a main medium because of its information volume and convenience. For this reason, people in publishing business desire to utilize unused data stored in servers for business by combining paper media and digital contents in some way.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Publication No. 2006-229894 (the laid-open date is 31 Aug. 2006) discloses an "ELECTRONIC SCRAP SYSTEM" invented as a method for combining digital contents with printed materials of physical media such as paper, plastics and cloths. In this system, information related to the content of a conventional printed material is additionally printed as a usually-invisible two-dimensional barcode on the conventional printed material, with a transparent stealth ink (that is an invisible ink fluorescing by reacting to usually-invisible light, for example, ultraviolet rays or infrared rays, or absorbing these kinds of light). Then, in this system, this information and its related information are displayed and used together with the usual visible image by using a mobile phone equipped with a digital camera supporting the electric scrap system. The application discloses the basic method for providing various services by combining this information with original digital contents stored in a server.
With this method, a hybrid book giving a new added value to a usual printed material can be published by embedding invisible information on any place in texts, photos, illustrations and the like without taking care of an appearance and layout of visible information on the printed material.
When stealth information is printed on a printed material, the stealth information can be read without any problem on a good condition like a case where background visible information is uniform. However, when an invisible two-dimensional barcode is laid out on printed texts, a photo or illustration, the background inevitably makes an adverse affect on reading performance of the two-dimensional barcode. As a result, in an extreme case, the condition of a place where the barcode is laid out is so bad that the barcode cannot be read at all. In addition, in some cases, it may be necessary to take into consideration conditions of a printing medium, such as quality of paper and stain, and conditions of reading the printing medium, such as a case where the printing medium is folded and a place where the printing medium is read. For example, since printing media such as a newspaper are generally folded into two or four, it is preferable to lay out invisible information away from a place which is highly likely to be folded as mentioned above.
As an attempt for solving such problems, Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-195338 (International Patent Application No. PCT/JP2006/313058) provides the invention, "INVISIBLE CODE PRINTING SUPPORT SYSTEM." This system aims to achieve a reading rate of 100% in a logical manner. Specifically, in order to lay out an invisible two-dimensional barcode for "the electronic scrap system" on a printed material, a DTP system in this system makes a simulation using an invisible barcode extraction algorithm, when the layout of the printed material is composed, for example. The DTP system carries out the simulation while checking whether or not a combination of background information and the invisible information to be laid out is appropriate for reading performance of an instrument supporting "the electronic scrap system. Thereby, the DTP system specifies or optimizes the color, the position, the size and the like of the invisible information to be laid out.
Use of this system not only makes it easier to create a printed material providing higher reading accuracy to the electronic scrap system. But also, when printed materials are produced, the use makes it possible to fully ensure that all the printed materials can provide such a function, not by performing 100% inspection but only by performing random inspection.
Here, in order to enhance reading accuracy, it is important to input, as parameters for simulation, closest possible values to actual conditions. Examples of the parameters include data on characteristics of inks and paper to be used for printing background and an invisible barcode, and data on an environment at a time when an instrument supporting the electronic scrap system extracts the invisible barcode. However, as for the invisible code printing support system (Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-195338, International Patent Application No. PCT/JP2006/313058), a specific method for finding values for parameters is not presented.

Method and system for obtaining parameter for simulation in invisible code printing support system


An arc discharge metal halide lamp for use in selected lighting fixtures having a discharge chamber with light permeable walls of a selected shape bounding a discharge region of a selected volume through which walls a pair of electrodes are supported with ionizable materials being provided in the discharge region of the discharge chamber comprising at least one member selected from a group consisting of halides of cerium, dysprosium, holmium, lithium, sodium, praseodymium, thallium and thulium, and further comprising a halide of calcium in a selected fraction of that weight total of all halides present in the discharge chamber with this selection depending also on the addition or not of a halide of aluminum. Others of the foregoing halides that are present are provided in amounts with certain limits.

This invention relates to high intensity arc discharge lamps and more particularly to high intensity arc discharge metal halide lamps having improved color rendition while retaining high efficacy.
Due to the ever-increasing need for energy conserving lighting systems that are used for interior and exterior lighting, lamps with increasing lamp efficacy are being developed for general lighting applications. Thus, for instance, arc discharge metal halide lamps are being more and more widely used for interior and exterior lighting because of their high efficacy, generally good color rendering and high luminosity. Such lamps are well known in being offered commercially in a wide range of lumen output and color temperature, and include therein a light-transmissive arc discharge chamber sealed about an enclosed a pair of spaced apart electrodes which typically further contains suitable active materials such as an inert starting gas and one or more ionizable metals or metal halides in specified molar ratios, or both. They can be relatively low power lamps operated in standard alternating current light sockets at the usual 120 Volts rms potential with a ballast circuit, either magnetic or electronic, to provide a starting voltage and current limiting during subsequent operation.
These lamps typically have a ceramic material arc discharge chamber that typically contains, as active materials, quantities of sodium iodide, thallium iodide and one or more rare earth halides such as dysprosium iodide, holmium iodide and thulium iodide, and also contains mercury to provide an adequate voltage drop, or loading, between the electrodes plus an inert starting gas. Commercially available lamps containing these materials have good performance with respect to Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) and much of the Color Rendering Index (CRI), and have a relatively high efficacy that can be up to 95 lumens-per-watt (LPW). However, such lamps usually do not emit light in the red visible light wavelength range sufficiently to satisfactorily render light for use in illuminating many kinds of scenes as compared to the light provided by incandescent sources for this purpose which closely resembles blackbody radiation at equivalent correlated color temperatures.
The color rendering properties of lamps are indicated by a general index termed Ra which can have associated therewith fourteen further indices representing the color rendering properties of selected test colors provided in CIE Publication 13.2 (1974). One such index designated R9 is the red color rendering index for strong red with Munsell notation 4.5 R 4/13, and a blackbody source has a value of 100 on this R9 index. Even though typical commercially available lamps have a good general color index Ra value, the R9 index value for those lamps will be far less than the 100 value of a blackbody source.
Provision of an adequate red component in the illumination used for lighting indoor scenes is very desirable for use in retail outlets to allow them to properly show their wares and the results of their services not least, in some of the latter instances, because human skin has a better appearance under such illumination. Thus, such outlets that can benefit from such an improved source emission spectrum include restaurants, cosmetic shops, jewelry shops and where fresh food products are offered such as meats, fish, fruits and vegetables. Thus, there is a desire for arc discharge metal halide lamps having better color performance while retaining the hue of the light and the high efficacies typically provided by commercially available arc discharge lamps.

High red color rendition metal halide lamp

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


Methods and apparatus for shielding an object from relative high electromagnetic radio frequencies while allowing airflow to pass to and from the object are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present invention, a shield arrangement that shields a chassis includes at least a first plane and a second plane. The first plane has a thickness and defines a first plurality of openings that include a first opening and a second opening that are separated by at least a distance that is a function of the thickness. The second plane defines at least a third opening, and is approximately parallel to the first plane. The second plane is spaced apart from the first plane by a spacing that is a function of at least the thickness.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates generally to mechanical systems used to shield electronic equipment. More particularly, the present invention relates to a utilizing a plurality of parallel planes with staggered openings to provide protection against tampering and shielding to a chassis while maintaining a relatively large degree of airflow to the chassis.
2. Description of the Related Art
Forced convection is a widely used method to provide cooling to chassis that are associated with medium and high power electronic equipment. Chassis, or electronics enclosures, are primarily cooled through airflow. The amount of electromagnetic interference that may be contained, as well as design requirements specified by Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) to prevent tampering access to electronics circuitry, are often in contradiction with the forced convection, e.g., thermal, needs of a chassis.
In general, a plate that is positioned in proximity to an electronics enclosure shields the electronics enclosure, and is used both to reduce electromagnetic interference and to provide conformity with FIPS. Perforations or openings are typically included in the plate to allow for convection. The larger the openings in the plate are, the more airflow there is to and from the chassis. Hence, the efficiency with which the chassis may be cooled is higher when the openings are larger, and lower when the openings are smaller.
Although a plate with larger openings or, more generally, a plate with a relatively high surface area that is occupied by openings, is more efficient from a force convection standpoint, such a plate is less efficient from an electromagnetic compatibility standpoint. That is, as the percentage of open area on a plate increases, the amount of electromagnetic radio frequencies that may be contained decreases. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, electromagnetic radio frequencies or radiation must be at least partially contained to ensure electromagnetic compatibility. In addition, FIPS are less likely to be met when there is a relatively large percentage of open area on a plate. Designs generally achieve FIPS compliancy for a shielding plate using an array of relatively small openings, e.g., openings with an aperture of approximately 0.085 inches or less. While such designs may provide a reasonable amount of containment of electromagnetic radiation, such designs typically provide for an insufficient amount of airflow.
Therefore, what is needed is a method and an apparatus for protecting an electronics enclosure which meets FIPS, provides an acceptable amount of shielding relative to electromagnetic interference, and provides an acceptable amount of air flow. That is, what is desired is a system that effectively optimizes the amount of airflow available to cool a chassis, while providing a relatively high amount of shielding relative to electromagnetic interference and meeting FIPS.

Providing airflow to an electronics enclosure while providing protection and shielding against electromagnetic interference


Apparatus for and a method of decompression of block coded video data in a multi-core processor. The processor cores decode respective coded groups of blocks of video data independently, in parallel and deblock respective decoded groups of blocks of video data independently and in parallel with the decode operations and with other deblock operations.

The present invention is directed to video data decoding and, more particularly, to an apparatus for and a method of multi-core decompression of block coded video data.
Video compression is the reduction of the quantity of data used to represent digital video images and includes spatial image compression and temporal motion estimation. Typically, in block coded video compression, blocks of neighboring pixels, often called macro-blocks, are compared and the video compression encoding scheme retains the differences between blocks. Video data may be intra-frame encoded by registering spatial differences within a frame and/or inter-frame encoded by registering temporal differences between frames. Various techniques exist for video compression, such as H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, which is one widely used block-coded motion-compensation-based compression/decompression ('codec') standard.
The greater the degree of compression obtained, the greater the computational load on decompression. Moreover, high definition video and other video formats with increased data content, such as stereoscopic video for example, also increase the computational load of decompression. Multi-core processors may be used, for real-time decompression for example, in which multiple processor cores participate in parallel in decompression processing. However, such multi-core parallel processing has posed issues of load balancing and computational overhead associated with each additional core.

Multi-core decompression of block coded video data


A debugger that is multi-task aware and capable of providing symbolic support to a graphical user interface (GUI) is disclosed. The debugger disclosed communicates with a multi-tasking kernel nested within a driver of the operating system within the 0 privilege level. The multi-tasking kernel distinguishes among the rest of its environment where a graphical user interface executes the driver tasks being debugged. The multi-tasking kernel, in cooperation with the debugger runs each element on a different thread of the same machine, thereby allowing the debugger and the driver tasks being debugged to continue to run without stopping operation of either the graphical user interface or the operating system associated with the graphical user interface.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to the field of debuggers for computers. In particular, the present invention describes a debugger for debugging tasks in an operating system virtual device driver.
2. Description of Related Art
Business communications such as video conferencing require support for natural data type (NDT) processing, i.e., interacting with the user using video and audio data. A distinguishing characteristic of audio and video is that it is captured and presented in real-time. Any delay in the capture or playback of audio and video is very noticeable to the user as clicks, pops, or jerkiness. Further, playback of audio and video must be synchronized with each other to appear natural.
Previously, computer systems supported NDT processing by including a specialized digital signal processing (DSP) processor. The computer system's main processor (host processor) interacted with the DSP processor. The DSP processor performed real-time tasks, such as audio capture and playback, while the host processor executes the operating system. However, the growth of computer system processing power allows host processors to process NDT, but the non-real-time nature of volume desktop operating systems, such as DOS/Windows 3.x, from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash., is a remaining barrier. Windows, for example, is designed for GUI interaction and does not provide the facilities needed for real-time programming.
The SPOX.TM. software architecture is one example of a real-time environment for DSP processors, that provides Windows 3.x with real-time data processing support through additional hardware. The IA-SPOX.TM. software architecture is a version of SPOX that runs directly on the host microprocessor as a Windows virtual device driver (VxD) instead of on an additional DSP processor. This means that real-time tasks can execute with Windows 3.x. It allows the increasing host processing power to be used for natural data type processing and communications. For example, a Pentium.TM. processor can simultaneously support Windows 3.x and voice digitization.
An important element of the IA-SPOX architecture is the provision of an environment for development that facilitates the migration from digital signal processors (DSPs) and original development of applications. Existing compilers and linkers provide part of the tools needed, but existing debuggers available for the VxD environment, where IA-SPOX runs, are system level debuggers designed for supporting the development of device drivers.
To increase the likelihood of the widespread adoption of IA-SPOX, IA-SPOX should include a debugger. Therefore, what is needed is a debugger that more fully supports the debugging of tasks in an operating system device driver.

Debugger for debugging tasks in an operating system virtual device driver


An optical sensor system with two or more optical sensors; two or more receivers; and an optical de-multiplexing system. Each optical sensor includes a fibre grating with a different wavelength characteristic. Each receiver includes a slope filter and a light detector and is associated with a respective one of the optical sensors. The optical de-multiplexing system is arranged to route light from each of the optical sensors to its associated receiver based on a wavelength of the light.

Optical sensors have a number of benefits, including Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) immunity, light weight, low loss in long fibres, and high accuracy.
The technologies for interrogating multiple sensors have problems. For example a swept laser may be used, but this is limited by sweep speed, and needs a high performance microprocessor to do the necessary Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithms. Alternatively, a simple while light source may be used in combination with a complex spectral sensor and algorithms.


An Aerator/Digester for treating wastewater comprises cylindrical chamber having a centrally disposed air pipe supported from the chambers closed bottom end and extending along a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical chamber and beyond the upper end. The air pipe includes at least one aperture pattern comprising plural interleaved rows of relatively small diameter holes and larger diameter holes. When air under pressure, is introduced through the air pipe, a Venturi effect is created to draw wastewater into the chamber via ports formed near the closed bottom end and out via one or more outlet ports proximate to the upper end. The apertures are drilled through the air pipe at an angle to the vertical with the small diameter apertures inclined at an upward angle and the larger diameter apertures at a downward angle which has been found to enhance the circulation of the wastewater.

I. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to apparatus for treating waste water, aerating ponds, and for eliminating the buildup of fats, oils, greases found in pump lift stations, wet wells and grease interceptors encountered in water treatment facilities, and more particularly to a compact device for increasing the oxygen content of water and for simultaneously pulverizing organic solids that may be present in the water being treated.
II. Discussion of the Prior Art
In the McGuffin U.S. Pat. No. 7,963,508 there is described an apparatus for aerating liquids and for enhancing digestion of solid organic materials present therein by microbial action. The device serves to pulverize organic solids into micron sizes, allowing bacteria to more readily process the material. The apparatus comprises and elongate tubular housing have a solid, preferably heavy, base to anchor the housing in a vertical disposition within a pond or vessel in which the water to be treated is contained. The housing has three inlet ports spaced 120 degrees apart near the base and an open top. Positioned over the open top is a circular manifold comprising a plurality of concentric ridges. An air feed conduit is centrally disposed within the housing and extends from the base upward through the manifold where it is adapted to be connected to a source of pressurized air. The air feed conduit includes a plurality of apertures through a wall thereof at a location offset from the bottom end thereof, just above the three inlet ports. To stabilize the air feed conduit, three walls or partitions extend between the air feed conduit and the interior wall of the tubular housing, effectively dividing the housing into three chambers, each encompassing one of the three inlet ports.
When air, under pressure, is applied to the upper end of the air feed conduit, bubbles are created in the water in which the device is submerged and the rising bubbles create a Venturi effect to draw water into the housing through the inlet ports. The air increases the oxygen content of the water and as the flow exits the open top of the housing, it is made to impinge on the stepped concentric edges on the manifold to break up organic solids present in the waste water.
As is explained in detail below, the present invention is similar in many respects to the McGuffin device described above, but various non-obvious and novel modifications have been incorporated into the preferred embodiment of the present invention to improve the efficiency, reduce the cost, prolong the useful life and lower the maintenance cost when compared to the McGuffin apparatus.


An ANC is formed to “dummy fill” a neighbor list that is to be transmitted to a mobile terminal that is presently located in a border cell with neighboring BTSs for which a hand-off request cannot be granted. Accordingly, while a hand-off cannot occur to a BTS of a proximate cell that does not qualify as a neighbor because it is serviced by a different ANC in a 1xEVDO network, identifying the BTSs of the non-neighbor and proximate cells (“dummy list BTSs”) prompts the mobile terminal to request a hand-off to a dummy list BTS when the BTS provides a better pilot signal. Because the ANC can readily identify the BTS from the dummy list, it knows that a hand-off cannot be facilitated therefor. Accordingly, the ANC instructs the mobile terminal to drop the call (data packet connection). Because many wireless data packet networks utilize at least a subset of established IP protocols and are able to establish point-to-point protocol communication links (higher layer communication links), commanding a mobile terminal to drop the call is a command to drop the call at the lower layers. The point-to-point protocol communication link is then resumed and the effect of a hand-off is achieved.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to mobile communication devices and, more particularly, the present invention relates to mobile terminals capable of communicating in a data-only mode with a data network, as well as mobile terminals capable of communicating in voice and data modes.
2. Related Art
Wireless communication service providers, as well as Internet service providers, face some difficult challenges as the various networks are increasingly modified to work together to provide seamless end-to-end call connectivity across the various platforms. Ever-increasing residential dial-up subscribers demand available modem (or ISDN) ports, or threaten to take their business elsewhere. To meet this demand, Internet service providers are deploying a large number of complex, port-dense network access servers (NAS) to handle thousands of individual dial-up connections. As such, small and large, as well as private and public, wireless data networks are being created to seamlessly interact with large wire line networks to enable users to establish point-to-point connections independent of terminal type and location. Traditionally, however, voice networks have paved the way for the creation of data networks as users loaded the voice networks trying to transmit data, including streaming data (video and voice). Initially, traditional Public Switched Telephone Networks (PSTNs) were used for data transmissions but have been largely supplanted by data packet networks, including various versions of the "Internet".
The wireless domain has had a parallel history. Initial voice networks, including Amps, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) including North American TDMA and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), were used to conduct data in a limited capacity. These networks are being replaced, however, by newer wireless data-only networks, as well as data and voice networks.
The structure and operation of wireless communication systems are generally known. Examples of such wireless communication systems include cellular systems and wireless local area networks, among others. Equipment that is deployed in these communication systems is typically built to support standardized operations, i.e., operating standards. These operating standards prescribe particular carrier frequencies, modulation types, baud rates, physical layer frame structures, MAC layer operations,ink layer operations, etc. By complying with these operating standards, equipment interoperability is achieved.
In a cellular system, a regulatory body typically licenses a frequency spectrum for a corresponding geographic area (service area) that is used by a licensed system operator to provide wireless service within the service area. Based upon the licensed spectrum and the operating standards employed for the service area, the system operator deploys a plurality of carrier frequencies (channels) within the frequency spectrum that support the subscriber units within the service area. Typically, these channels are equally spaced across the licensed spectrum. The separation between adjacent carriers is defined by the operating standards and is selected to maximize the capacity supported within the licensed spectrum without excessive interference. In most cases, severe limitations are placed upon the amount of co-channel and adjacent channel interference that maybe caused by transmissions on a particular channel.
In cellular systems, a plurality of base stations is distributed across the service area. Each base station services wireless communications within a respective cell. Each cell may be further subdivided into a plurality of sectors. In many cellular systems, e.g., GSM cellular systems, each base station supports forward link communications (from the base station to subscriber units) on a first set of carrier frequencies, and reverse link communications (from subscriber units to the base station) on a second set of carrier frequencies. The first set and second set of carrier frequencies supported by the base station are a subset of all of the carriers within the licensed frequency spectrum. In most, if not all, cellular systems, carrier frequencies are reused so that interference between base stations using the same carrier frequencies is minimized and system capacity is increased. Typically, base stations using the same carrier frequencies are geographically separated so that minimal interference results.
Traditional wireless mobile networks include Mobile Station Controllers (MSCs), Base Station Controllers (BSCs) and Base Transceiver Station (BTS) systems that jointly operate to communicate with mobile stations over a wireless communication link. Examples of common networks include the GSM networks, North American TDMA networks and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks. Extensive infrastructures (e.g., ANSI-41 or MAP-based networks) exist in the cellular wireless networks for tracking mobility, distributing subscriber profiles, and authenticating physical devices.
To establish a wireless communication link in traditional wireless voice networks, an MSC communicates with a BSC to prompt the BTS (collectively "Base Station" or "BS") to generate paging signals to a specified mobile station within a defined service area typically known as a cell or sector (a cell portion). The mobile station, upon receiving the page request, responds to indicate that it is present and available to accept an incoming call. Thereafter, the BS, upon receiving a page response from the mobile station, communicates with the MSC to advise it of the same. The call is then routed through the BS to the mobile station as the call setup is completed and the communication link is created. Alternatively, to establish a call, a mobile station generates call setup signals that are processed by various network elements in a synchronized manner to authenticate the user as a part of placing the call. The authentication process includes, for example, communicating with a Home Location Register (HLR) to obtain user and terminal profile information.
The next generation of cellular networks presently being developed are being modified from traditional systems to create the ability for mobile stations to receive and transmit data in a manner that provides greatly increased throughput rates. For example, many new mobile stations, often referred to as mobile terminals or access terminals, are being developed to enable a user to surf the web or send and receive e-mail messages through the wireless mobile terminal, as well as to be able to receive continuous bit rate data, including so called "streaming data". Accordingly, different systems and networks are being developed to expand such capabilities and to improve their operational characteristics.
One example of a system that is presently being deployed with voice and data capabilities is the CDMA2000 network. The CDMA2000 network, however, is developed from the IS-95 networks that were optimized for voice transmissions and therefore is not optimized for transmitting data even though its data transport capability is significantly improved from prior art networks and systems. More formally, the 1xRTT standard defines CDMA operation for data transmissions.
One data-only network that is being developed is defined by the 1xEVDO standard. The 1xEVDO standard defines a time burst system utilizing a 1.25 MHz carrier that is set at a carrier frequency that is adjacent to the frequencies used by the voice networks. In one particular network, a 1.67 millisecond (mS) burst is used for the forward link in a 1xEVDO network. Typical 1xEVDO networks include a Packet Data Service Node (PDSN) for performing routing and switching for a data packet or data packet stream, an Access Network Controller (ANC) that establishes and manages the wireless communication link with the mobile terminal, and a Packet Control Function (PCF) that is largely an interface device for converting signals between the packet domain and a wireless network that will be used for the communication link.
The 1xEVDO network is optimized for forward link data applications. The next generation of 1xRTT networks that are being deployed can communicate with voice and data networks but do not process data as efficiently as the networks formed according to the 1xEVDO standard. Newer networks are also being designed and have evolved from the 1xEVDO standard, including 1xEVDV, which is for transmitting data as well as voice.
The 1xEVDO networks that have been previously described are not formed, however, to interact seamlessly between the voice and data networks. For example, the 1xEVDO networks do not have or fully utilize Signaling System Number 7 (SS7) type network components to assist with call setup, user and mobile station authentication, call routing, and feature delivery. The 1xEVDO networks are formed to carry data only and do not include the full functionality and capabilities of wireless voice networks. The infrastructure of the 1xEVDO network is different and simpler than SS7-based voice networks (wire line or wireless).
1xEVDO does not provide all hand-off capabilities and functionality of typical voice networks. Accordingly, present mobile terminals only provide some of these traditional voice network features and, in some cases, only in a rudimentary way. For example, the designs in the 1xEVDO standard only provide for user authentication, not terminal authentication. Because traditional SS7-type network components are not fully available in 1xEVDO networks, compatibility and control problems are readily noticeable.
One problem that has been identified in some packet data networks, including 1xEVDO networks, is that a mobile terminal that is geographically moving to a new cell area cannot always be handed off to the BTS of the new cell area. More specifically, 1xEVDO standards do not provide for inter-ANC hand-offs. Accordingly, a mobile terminal transitioning into a new cell that is served by a different ANC will tend to "drag" the communication link from the BTS with which it is communicating thereby creating interference and other problems in the new cell area. What is needed, therefore, is mechanism for allowing the mobile terminal to transition between cells whose BTSs are operatively coupled to different ANCs.

Network directed intersystem handoff for 1xEVD0


Systems, apparatus, methods and computer program products are provided for downloading a whitelist onto a passive optical network including a passive optical network and a management interface communicatively coupled to the passive optical network and configured to provision the whitelist. An optical line terminal also on the passive optical network includes a passive optical network card operable to broadcast the whitelist to optical network terminals which are configured to receive and enforce the whitelist.

1. Field
Example aspects of the present invention generally relate to managing optical network components, and more particularly to configuring and maintaining whitelists on a range of optical network terminals (ONTs) within a passive optical network (PON).
2. Related Art
A whitelist is a list of accepted items in a set, which in the PON environment can be used, for example, to provide predefined levels of service associated with an ONT. The list is inclusionary, confirming that the item being analyzed or processed is acceptable. In contrast to a whitelist, a blacklist is a list of items that are not acceptable.
One example of an accepted whitelist item used in a PON environment is an IP address. The IP address can be chose to correspond, for example, to a channel a customer is permitted to view. On a larger scale, a sequence of IP address entries in the whitelist can be received at the ONTs to provide a list of channels a customer has subscribed to. There can be hundreds, even thousands of entries required for each ONT. Typical requirements require 5000 entries per ONT but depending on the types of ONTs or applications, this number can go well beyond this value. Other simple or sophisticated entries can be listed in a whitelist. Supporting and maintaining whitelists on typical distributed PON architectures requires management systems and OLTs to manage provisioning, maintenance and updates of whitelists on each individual ONT in the system.

Systems, apparatus, methods and computer program products for downloading and maintaining IP stream whitelists on optical network terminals


A fishing lure includes a body provided with head and tail portions, apertures spaced along a longitudinal axis thereof, and an opening formed in a top surface thereof that is in fluid communication with the apertures. The opening houses scented agents therein so that same can be discharged when the lure travels through water. The opening has vertical and horizontal regions for maintaining the scented agents and further has a closed distal end restricting the agents from prematurely exiting the body. Eyelets are conjoined to the body and extend outwardly therefrom. One eyelet is disposed subjacent to the head and another eyelet is disposed subjacent to the tail. A third eyelet is disposed adjacent to the head and extends orthogonally therefrom. One treble hook is conjoined to the first eyelet and another treble hook is conjoined to the second eyelet. The treble hooks pivot about the eyelets respectively.

1. Technical Field
This invention relates to fishing lures and, more particularly, to a scented fishing lure for attracting and catching fish.
2. Prior Art
Various types of fishing lures are known in the prior art, and most will catch fish. However, fisherman have found that they can improve the performance of a lure by applying a liquid, oil or gel to the lure that makes it smell more appealing to the predatory fish. Unfortunately, applying scent to a solid fishing lure, such as crank baits, has proven to be troublesome for a number of reasons.
One problem that arises immediately is the mess created by manually applying the scented oils, liquids or gels to an exterior surface of the lure. This causes the scent to impregnate the fisherman's skin, which is not desirable. A further disadvantage is the fact that scents, especially in the form of oils and gels, have a tendency to distort the appearance of the fishing lure exterior surface once it is placed in the water. Another drawback of applying scents to a fishing lure is the fact that such scents have a tendency to quickly dissolve into the water, and thus require frequent reapplication.
In response to these drawbacks, scented fishing lures were introduced to the prior art. One such example generally discloses a fishing lure formed from fibrous material which is impregnated with a fish attracting substance. However, the principal difficulty with devices of this type is impregnating the fibrous fishing lure body with the fish attractant substance. Furthermore, the fibrous material still has a tendency to release the scent too rapidly, thus requiring frequent rescenting thereof.
Other disclosed examples include lures formed from fish food which provides a scent to attract fish, lures formed of materials that have been intermixed with scents such as a lure with a fish oil intermixed with the plastic formulation from which the lure is made, and a slowly dissolving lure made of a polymer with an fish scent attractant impregnated therein. Further examples include lures having inner receptacles containing scented substances or fluids such as a lure comprising a pouch for receiving bait or scented substances and a fishing scent delivery system comprising a bladder which releases a fishing scent material in the vicinity of a fishing lure. Other types of scent bearing lures include those in which scent impregnated materials not integral to the lure structure are included. Unfortunately, lures made of materials with scents impregnated therein have limited lifetimes and over time, the intensity of the scent diminishes, thus rendering the lure less appealing to fish.
Accordingly, a need remains for a scented fishing lure in order to overcome the above-noted shortcomings. The present invention satisfies such a need by providing a scented fishing lure that is easy to use, increases the chances of attracting a fish, and is adaptable in design to various fishing applications. Such a scented fishing lure provides a convenient way to use a scent for attracting more fish and drawing more strikes. The scent trail left by the lure convinces predatory fish that the lure is alive and represents an easy meal. Such a scent trail also draws fish to the lure in dark, cloudy water, and thus helps the fish to find the lure and strike at it more accurately. The liquid, gel, or oils used for scent also have an attractive taste to the predatory fish, which encourages them to hold onto the bait for longer periods of time. This advantageously gives the fisherman an increased amount of time to respond to an initial strike, and to set the hook more securely. The scented fishing lure is more appealing than conventional fishing lures because it requires fewer reapplications of the scent, and eliminates the need for the fisherman to directly contact the scented materials.


Disclosed is a method for injection molding certain hydrodisintegratable materials which, when injection molded to form a desired object, acquire and maintain the desired shape. The method includes the steps of maintaining extrusion temperatures of the hydrodisintegratable material at or below about 250 degrees F. and maintaining the temperature of the mold at or below about 55 degrees F. In the presence of water, the molded object has the ability to rapidly disintegrate and disperse when subjected to standardized agitation testing.

As was stated in prior U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/997,797 filed on Dec. 29, 1992, in the names of Bernard Cohen, Lee Jameson and Robert Isaac, for many years the problem of waste disposal has plagued the industries which provide disposable diapers, incontinent garments and feminine care products. While much headway has been made in addressing this problem, one of the weak links has been the inability to create an economical plastic material which will degrade when exposed to natural environmental forces. In particular, those of skill in the art have long sought materials which have the ability to readily dissolve, disperse or disintegrate in water. See, for example, U.K. patent disclosure 2,246,373, U.S. Pat. No. 4,186,233 and European Patent Application Number 0 585 906 A2. Without such a material the ability of the user to dispose of a product by flushing it down the toilet is controlled by the physical geometry of the product and the material handling capabilities of the sewage system and plants which will handle the product. Naturally, these constrictions greatly reduce, if not eliminate, the types of products which can be disposed of via toilet flushing. Furthermore, the ability of products such as disposable diapers, incontinent garments and feminine care products, to disintegrate in a landfill has been quite limited. This is because, historically, a large portion of the components of these products, which may well be biodegradable or photodegradable, are encapsulated in a plastic material which only degrades over a long period of time, if at all. Accordingly, if the plastic at least disintegrated in the presence of water, the internal components could degrade as a result of the rupture of the plastic encapsulation and their subsequent exposure to the forces of natural degradation.
The prior U.S. patent application, Ser. No. 07/997,797, discloses such a material and products formed thereby. The terminology used to describe such a material in that application was "hydrodisintegratable". For purposes of consistency, that terminology will also be adopted for use in the present application. The entirety of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/997,797 is hereby incorporated by reference.
One of the areas of interest for applications of such a material is, as was stated above, in feminine care items such as, for example, tampons. In some instances, women attempt to discard the rigid or semi-rigid jacket (typically called the applicator) that holds the tampon by flushing it down a toilet after the tampon has been inserted. Because tampon applicators typically are manufactured from a rigid or semi-rigid plastic material which, at best, only slowly degrades in the environment, this method of disposal has created at least two problems, both of which have plagued society for several years. First, such a method of disposal can lead to clogging of toilets or drain pipes. For this reason, many women, after having experienced a sewage line clogging, have refrained from this method of disposal. The second problem results from the resistance of the applicator to the degrading forces of nature whether they be physical or biological. Municipal waste treatment plants typically do nothing to degrade or otherwise alter the applicator. Accordingly, applicators are released into the environment by these plants in a generally non-degraded state. That is, they are readily recognizable as tampon applicators. Such released applicators show up on the banks of rivers and streams and even are deposited by ocean currents and tides. Of course, those applicators that do find their way to a landfill do not readily degrade in that environment either. Naturally, this result is quite unacceptable from both environmental and aesthetic standpoints. Those of skill in the art have attempted to address these problems. See, U.S. Pat. No. 5,389,068 entitled "Tampon Applicator" in the name of Laura E. Keck.
In conducting additional work with the material disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/997,797, it was discovered that the material generally disclosed therein, while quite satisfactory for use in, for example, film formation, exhibited distinct shortcomings when attempts were made to injection mold the material into shaped products. Typically, the material either: (1) assumed a physical, that is geometrical, configuration which did not satisfactorily conform to that desired by, for example, curling or otherwise physically deforming; or (2) became quite brittle and thus was too fragile to form a satisfactory commercial product.
Prior U.S. Pat. No. 5,496,874 entitled "Moldable Hydrodisintegratable Material and Products Formed Thereby" which was issued on Mar. 5, 1996 in the names of Judith Katherine Faass, Lee Kirby Jameson, Bernard Cohen and Lamar Heath Gipson described a solution to this problem. That solution was directed to limiting the amount of volatile materials present in the material to be injection molded to certain ranges. If the total amount of volatile materials present within the injection molded material is maintained within these ranges, a properly molded hydrodisintegratable material can be obtained. The entirety of U.S. Pat. No. 5,496,874 is hereby incorporated herein by reference. While the solution of U.S. Pat. No. 5,496,874 is satisfactory, it suffers from the limitation that the total amount of volatile materials which may be present in the injection molding composition must be monitored and maintained within the range described in that patent application. Those of skill in the art have sought methods which overcome this inherent limitation.

Method for low temperature injection molding of hydrodisintegratable compositions


A stop brake for a supply roll mandrel includes at least one brake arm pivotally connected to a support and capable of being pivoted out of braking engagement with the mandrel in response to advancement of sheet material from a supply roll against the return bias of a spring element. The brake arm cooperates with sheet material which is caused to follow a path around a dancer bar secured to the lower end of the brake arm causing the disengagement of the brake. The brake is caused to cooperate with the outer surface of a mandrel upon which a supply roll is mounted through a intermediary of a strap which holds the mandrel surface against rotation when advancement of sheet material is stopped.

The present invention resides in a roll dispenser capable of feeding sheet material out over a work surface, and deals more particularly with a brake for such a dispenser in which a means is provided for feeding out a discreet section of sheet material from a supply roll and stopping the supply roll with the advancement of the sheet material from the roll.
Conveyorized vacuum tables used for supporting a layup of the sheet material and advancing it to a work station where a work operation is performed on it, such as cutting, are well known. One such type of vacuum table is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,646,911, issued to David Pearl on Mar. 3, 1987. In this patent, it is disclosed that a conveyorized belt comprised of sections or slats of penetrable bristle surfaces which form a bed for supporting the sheet material and advancing the sheet material towards a final station may be employed for this purpose. A vacuum is provided which migrates longitudinally and laterally through the bristles thereby compressing and holding the sheet material in place on top of the conveyor for cutting by an automatically controlled cutting blade. To assist in the compaction of the sheet material which usually is several plies thick onto the work surface by the vacuum, it is often desirable to use a thin film of plastic which is drawn over the topmost ply of the layup. Often, the supply of sheet material and the associated section of film are drawn together across the work surface with the advancement of the conveyor belt. Alternatively, the roll of sheet material may itself be advanced across the work surface to effect covering of the underlying layup. Regardless of how the supply of sheet material is advanced, it has been found that the film of plastic or any other nonpermeable sheet material which may be chosen for this purpose often does not unwind from the supply roll in increments corresponding to the amount advanced. That is, the inertia generated by the roll as the film is being pulled off continues the rotation of the supply roll even after the advancement of the film. Additionally, it has been found that in unwinding from the supply roll, the film generates a static electric charge which, if not grounded, can adversely affect the functioning of sensors and other electrical components in the machine.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to include as part of the supply roll support a means which allow the supply roll to rotate freely with the advancement of the sheet material from the supply roll but which stops the rotation of the supply roll when advancement of sheet material is complete such that the sheet material unwinds evenly in conjunction with its advancement.
Still a further object of the present invention is to provide a supply roll brake which is low cost and of highly durable construction so as to be capable of repeatedly being used without need of replacement or substantial adjustment.
Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide a feeding mechanism for a supply roll of the aforementioned type wherein the mechanism allows a supply roll to be readily replaced with a new roll of sheet material without significantly altering the machine itself.
Still a further object of the present invention is to provide a material handling system in which the sheet material which unwinds from the supply roll is of the type of in which a static charge generated as a result of unwinding is readily dissipated.
Further objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent by the following disclosure and the appended claims.


Among the various aspects of the present disclosure is the provision of systems and methods of compressed-sensing ultrafast spectral photography.

Observing extremely fast dynamics requires imaging speeds orders of magnitude beyond the maximum reachable by electronic sensors. The popular stroboscopic method fails to record events in real time since it depends on repeated measurements. This limitation is resolved by single-shot ultrafast imaging techniques. However, none of the single-shot ultrafast imaging techniques have imaging speeds greater than 1013 frames per second (fps), and most single-shot ultrafast imaging techniques have shallow sequence depths (tens of frames).

Compressed-sensing ultrafast spectral photography systems and methods


A method and system for allowing a user to select and save non-focusable objects presented by a browser application. The non-focusable objects may be objects that the browser application does not allow the user to select and save. The browser application may present the non-focusable objects as a list of objects, rather than as the non-focusable objects. The user may select an object from the list of objects and save a file that defines the object. As a result, the user may select and save the objects presented by the browser application even though the objects were presented as non-focusable objects.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to telecommunications services and more particularly to a method and system for selecting and saving objects, such as audio clips, video clips, and images, in web content.
2. Description of Related Art
Telecommunications technology offers people a number of ways to interact with each other. The client terminal is one of the more popular modes of communication. The client terminal may be a cellular telephone, pager, or personal digital assistant (PDA), for example, which a person may carry to readily communicate with others.
The client terminal may have a display screen and an input mechanism. For example, the display screen may be a liquid crystal display (LCD) or cathode ray tube (CRT). The input mechanism may include navigation keys and softkeys. The navigation keys allow for scrolling through a list of items on the display screen. And the softkeys allow for selecting one item from the list of items.
The client terminal typically has a browser application to facilitate connectivity with an Internet or an Intranet. The browser application may send signals to a server on the Internet or the Intranet so as to request that various functions be performed. Alternatively, the browser application may receive web content from the server, interpret the web content, and display the web content on the display screen of the client terminal.
Cards typically define the web content that the browser application receives from the server. The cards segment the web content into units that are easily presentable on the client terminal. The cards are encoded in a markup language such as wireless markup language (WML), handheld device markup language (HDML), or compact hyper-text markup language (cHTML). The markup language is a set of instructions that cause the browser application to display text and graphics, accept user input, and send the user input to the server.
The browser application typically presents focusable objects and non-focusable objects on the client terminal. Menu options are typically focusable objects. For example, the card may program the browser application to display a set of menu options on the display screen. Using the input mechanism, the user can select a menu option from the set of menu options. The browser application may then responsively perform a function associated with the menu option being selected, e.g., send an e-mail or an instant message.
On the other hand, a non-focusable object may be an object that the browser application does not allow the user to select. The browser application may present an audio clip, video clip, or an image as part of presenting a card on the client terminal, but not allow the user to select the audio clip, the video clip, or the image. Additionally, the browser application might not allow the user to save the audio clip, the video clip, or the image.
Thus, the browser application is programmed to allow the user to interact differently with focusable objects as compared to non-focusable objects.

Method and system for selecting and saving objects in web content


A connector includes a housing and a required number of pusher members. The housing has a fitting aperture into which two or at least three flexible printed circuit boards are inserted and insertion openings for holding the required number of the pusher members. When the two or at least three flexible printed circuit boards are inserted into the fitting aperture of the housing, contact portions of the two or at least three flexible printed circuit boards are urged by the pusher members so as to be connected to each other to achieve electrical continuity of the connector. With this construction, the connector can be mounted on anywhere with the exception of a flexible printed circuit board as by adhesion or pushing down by a frame of the set without using soldering, thereby permitting low cost manufacture and wide freedom of selection of connector mechanisms.

The present invention relates to a connector for use in miniature electronic appliances such as terminal equipment of cellular or portable telephones, and more particularly to a connector using flexible printed circuit boards adapted to be electrically connected in a simple manner.
In general, a connector includes a required number of contacts and a housing fixing therein said contacts and having a fitting aperture into which a flexible printed circuit board is inserted. These contacts are fixed to the housing by press-fitting, lancing or hooking or the like. In the case of two flexible printed circuit boards to be connected, connection portions of contacts of such a connector are fixed to one flexible printed circuit board as by soldering. When the other printed circuit board is inserted into the fitting aperture of the housing, the other flexible printed circuit board is connected to contact portions of the contacts of the connector, thereby achieving electrical continuity of the two flexible printed circuit boards.
The miniature electronic appliances such as terminal equipment of portable telephones have been developed to increase their functions, while at the same time such electronic appliances have been even more miniaturized so that spaces given to their inner components have been surprisingly reduced.
In order to solve this problem, one attempt has been made to form a connector having thin walls to provide a space therein as wide as possible. However, such a connector suffers a disadvantage from the fact that it may be warped due to heating during soldering process. On the other hand, the increased functions of the appliances would involve increased soldering steps in manufacturing processes which would inhibit desired reduction of manufacturing cost. As a result of employing soldering as fixing means, there is no area for mounting the connector other than a flexible printed circuit board, limiting freedom of selection of connector mechanisms.
Moreover, there is a case that without using a connector a flexible printed circuit board is directly connected to a mating circuit board by soldering or, in particular, by the use of ACF (anisotropic conductive film). In such a case, however, disassembling for required maintenance would become impossible which is inconvenient.