A system and method of mirroring operations performed on linked files and folders is disclosed. A file and a folder are stored on a computer-readable medium. The file contains at least one reference to at least one image, stylesheet or object stored in the folder. Whenever a file operation is performed on the file, a substantially similar folder operation is performed on the folder and on each image, stylesheet and object contained in the folder. Similarly, whenever a folder operation is performed on the folder and its contents, a substantially similar file operation is performed on the file. By mirroring operations performed on linked files and folders, the system and method of the present invention helps users to manage the linked files and folders as a single entity.

In recent years, there has been a tremendous proliferation of computers connected to a global network known as the Internet. A "client" computer connected to the Internet can download digital information from "server" computers connected to the Internet. Client application and operating system software executing on client computers typically accept commands from a user and obtain data and services by sending requests to server applications running on server computers connected to the Internet. A number of protocols are used to exchange commands and data between computers connected to the Internet. The protocols include the File Transfer Protocol (FTP), the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), and the "Gopher" document protocol.
The HTTP protocol is used to access data on the World Wide Web, often referred to as "the Web." The World Wide Web is an information service on the Internet providing documents and links between documents. The World Wide Web is made up of numerous Web sites around the world that maintain and distribute Web documents. A Web site may use one or more Web server computers that are able to store and distribute documents in one of a number of formats including HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) and MIME HTML (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension formatting of HTML objects). HTML and MIME HTML documents can contain text as well as images, stylesheets and other objects, such as graphics, audio clips, and video clips.
A Web browser is a client application, software component, or operating system utility that communicates with server computers via FTP, HTTP, and Gopher protocols. Web browsers receive Web documents from the network and present them to a user. Internet Explorer, available from Microsoft Corporation, of Redmond, Wash., is an example of a popular Web browser.
An intranet is a local area network containing Web servers and client computers operating in a manner similar to the World Wide Web described above. Additionally, on an intranet a Web browser can retrieve files from a file system server executing on the same computer as the Web browser, or on a remote computer on the local area network. A Web browser can retrieve files on the local area network using the "FILE" protocol, which comprises file system commands.
Recently, it has become common for computer users exploring the Internet to save HTML Web pages to their local hard drives or other local storage media. This is primarily due to: (1) the delays associated with accessing Web pages on the internet; and (2) the fact that many Internet Service Providers (ISPs) charge users a fee for time spent online. This fee is in addition to the telephone charges normally incurred by a user. Thus, it is sometimes more economical for a user to save a Web page to the user's local storage medium for later viewing; thereby, minimizing the user's online fees and telephone bill.
However, managing Web pages saved onto a local hard drive can be problematic, even for experienced users. This is because each component of an HTML file must be stored in a separate file, and because Web pages are often composed of a main HTML file as well as several supporting files such as: images, stylesheets, objects and/or other HTML files. Consider the Web page illustrated in FIG. 2. This Web page is composed of a main HTML file and three supporting files. These supporting files are bitmap images: triangle 200, square 202 and circle 204. The inherent nature of HTML places a burden on users to manage all parts of an HTML file, including the main HTML file and its supporting files 200, 202 and 204. For example, a user might delete the main HTML file 302, but then forget to delete its corresponding support files 200, 202 and 204. Similarly, if a user performs an operation (e.g. delete, cut, copy, move, undo, restore, etc.) on the main HTML file 302, but forgets to perform the same operation on the supporting files 200, 202 and 204, the HTML file will be unreadable.
In the past, four different methods have been used in an attempt to make Web pages easier to manage. The first approach is used by Xanthus in its IWrite product. IWrite creates a separate folder for each saved Web page. Each supporting file is then stored in this separate folder. Users can then manage this single folder in the operating system in lieu of managing each separate file. Using the example Web page shown in FIG. 2, the main HTML file ("foo.htm") and its supporting files 200, 202 and 204 would all be stored in the same folder or subdirectory. The limitations of this approach are: (a) typical users have trouble making the required intuitive leap from "Everything is in one folder" to "I need to manage this entire folder to manage the Web page;" (b) if the typical user is looking for a Web page, the user often does not think to open the folder that contains the Web page; and (c) users who do not understand the approach spend a lot of time opening and closing folders searching for their needed files and information.
Another approach is used by Microsoft Corporation in its FrontPage® Editor software. In FrontPage® Editor, names are assigned to supporting files in order to make their relationship to the main file clearer. Using the example Web page shown in FIG. 2, FrontPage® Editor would save the main HTML file as "foo.htm." FrontPage® Editor would then change the filenames of the supporting files 200, 202 and 204, so that their relationship to the main HTML file would be clearer. For example, the filenames of the supporting files might be respectively changed from "triangle.bmp, square.bmp and circle.bmp," to "foo_triangle.bmp, foo_square.bmp and foo_circle.bmp." The limitations of this approach are: (a) in practice, users do not realize that all of these files are interrelated, so they still fail at basic file management practice; (b) there is a tremendous amount of clutter from all of the supporting files, so users have problems finding the main HTML file; (c) this approach is not supported on older operating systems that do not support longer filenames; and (d) this approach is burdensome because management of a given Web page requires that a user individually manage each file.
Still another approach is used by Trelligram. Using Trelligram's approach, all files that make up a Web page (i.e. the main HTML file and all supporting files) are saved in a single, self-extracting file. Thus, the users only need to manage one file. The limitations of this approach are that: (a) every Web page has added overhead for the extracting program, increasing the disk space used and the Web page's download time; (b) Web pages always need to be extracted before they can be viewed, because the Web pages are not stored in HTML format, this increases the delay associated with viewing the Web pages; and (c) some companies do not allow executables to be run from the Web, thus, this solution does not work for them.
Another approach is to store all the files that make up the Web page as MIME HTML, an Internet standard for bundling all the files that make up a Web page into a single file. Users then just need to handle a single file that contains their entire Web page. The limitations with this approach are that: (a) MIME HTML is only readable by some Web browsers; (b) MIME HTML takes longer to save and load than standard HTML; and (c) MIME HTML is not readable by existing HTML editors.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method and system that allows computer users to manage linked HTML files and folders.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a file and folder structure for storing primary files (such as main HTML files and Web pages) as well as their corresponding support files.

Mirroring operations performed on linked files and folders


Methods and apparatus for providing sources of light, or mechanical and/or electrical connections for light sources, via a grid system of a suspended ceiling. All or a portion of a grid system for a suspended ceiling may be configured to support the generation of light. Lighting units may be coupled to various portions of the grid system in a removable and modular fashion, so as to be completely or substantially recessed above the ceiling surface, or as pendant components hanging below the ceiling surface. Lighting interface components of the grid system also may be configured to facilitate significant thermal dissipation from lighting units. In one exemplary implementation, one or more LED-based lighting units may be coupled to one or more lighting interface components of the grid system so as to provide controllable multi-color and/or essentially white light.

In construction and architecture, a suspended ceiling (also referred to as a drop or dropped ceiling) commonly is used to provide a finished ceiling surface in a room or other architectural space. In some instances, often in pre-existing structures, a suspended ceiling may be installed at some level below an existing ceiling to conceal an older damaged ceiling and/or provide a new appearance in the architectural space in which the suspended ceiling is installed. In other applications, suspended ceilings may be installed in newly-constructed archictectural spaces, based in part on their relative ease of installation. In one noteworthy aspect, a suspended ceiling typically permits piping, wiring and ductwork to be easily and conveniently concealed in an area between a pre-existing ceiling (or other architectural framework) and the suspended ceiling itself. This area above the suspended ceiling commonly is referred to as a plenum.
FIG. 1 generally illustrates a typical suspended ceiling implementation. A conventional suspended ceiling 1000 employs a grid system 1020 (also referred to as "grid-work") of metal channels that are suspended on wires 1100 or rods 1120 from an overhead structure (typically a pre-existing ceiling or architectural framework). The overhead structure is not explicitly shown in FIG. 1 to permit a view of the plenum 1140, or the area above the suspended ceiling 1000. The metal channels of the grid system 1020 are configured to form a regularly spaced grid (typically a 2 foot-by-2 foot or a 2 foot-by-4 foot pattern) of square or rectangular cells between the channels. The cells of the grid typically are filled with tiles or panels 1080 which drop into the grid system 1020. The tiles 1080 generally are formed of lightweight materials having a variety of finished surface textures and colors, and may be particularly designed to facilitate acoustic or thermal isolation as well as fire safety. Once installed, the tiles 1080 may be easily removed and replaced to provide access as needed to the plenum 1140 (where there may be various wiring, pipes and ductwork requiring repair or alteration).
As indicated in FIG. 1, the grid system 1020 generally includes multiple main channels 1040, which are supported by the suspension wires 1100 (or one or more rods 1120) attached to the overhead structure. The grid system also includes a plurality of cross channels 1060, which may be connected in an interlocking fashion to the suspended main channels. As illustrated in FIGS. 2(a), 2(b), and 2(c), the main channels and the cross channels of the grid system 1020 generally are in the shape of an upside-down "T", wherein a bottom portion 1360 of the upside-down "T" forms a set of flanges, i.e., one flange on either side of a center rib 1340 of the channel, which supports adjacent ceiling tiles 1080 resting in the grid system 1020. Various tile edge-profiles are possible such that the bottom portion 1360 of a channel may be fully or partially exposed, or completely hidden; for example, FIG. 2(a) illustrates a first tile configuration (essentially square edges) resulting in an exposed bottom portion 1360 of a channel, FIG. 2(b) illustrates a second tile configuration (bevelled edges) resulting in a recessed bottom portion 1360 of a channel, and FIG. 2(c) illustrates a third tile configuration (slotted edges) resulting in a hidden bottom portion 1360 of a channel, in which the flanges formed by the bottom portion of the channel are inserted into the slotted edges of the tiles.
FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) illustrate the interlocking process of a cross channel 1060 and a main channel 1040 of the grid system 1020 shown in FIG. 1. Each main channel 1040 includes multiple slots 1300 punched periodically along the channel (e.g., every 12 inches) to provide for the attachment of cross channels 1060. Each cross channel 1060 includes end tabs 1320 that are pushed into and interlock with the slots 1300 along the main channels.
As also illustrated in FIG. 1, one or more of the cells formed by the grid system 1020 may be occupied by a lighting fixture 1200, which rests in the grid system 1020 in a manner similar to that of the tiles 1080. While the tiles 1080 are appreciably lightweight, the more substantial weight of the lighting fixture 1200 generally requires that the lighting fixture is itself suspended by wires 1100 or otherwise coupled to and supported by an overhead structure, so that it does not rely exclusively on the grid system 1020 for support. Various types of fluorescent and incandescent lighting fixtures having dimensions similar to those of the tiles 1080 are conventionally employed in suspended ceilings as substitutes for one or more tiles 1080. With reference again to FIG. 2(a), such lighting fixtures are generally configured to rest on top of the flanges formed by the bottom portion 1360 of the main and cross channels of the grid system 1020. Other types of conventional lighting fixtures (e.g., incandescent, fluorescent, halogen) are designed to be recessed into a hole cut into a tile 1080, such that the lighting fixture does not completely occupy a cell formed by the grid system, but merely occupies a portion of the cell area together with a remaining portion of the tile into which the fixture is recessed.

Methods and apparatus for providing lighting via a grid system of a suspended ceiling

Philips Solid-State Lighting Solutions, Inc.


The present disclosure provides a pad structure and associated display device. The pad structure comprises: a plurality of line on glass (LOG) lines that are arranged in parallel in a first direction and in a film bonding area, wherein each of the LOG lines includes a plurality of metal layers of which at least one extends to an outside of the film bonding area, wherein the film bonding area is in a non-active area of a substrate, and wherein the LOG lines are spaced apart from each other, wherein the pad structure further comprises an overcoat layer that is positioned in an external area of the film bonding area, and is adjacent to both boundaries of the film bonding area, wherein the overcoat layer includes a removed portion between each of the LOG lines, wherein the removed portion extends in the first direction.

1. Field
The present disclosure relates to a pad structure and an associated display device.
2. Description of Related Art
As information technology develops, display devices for displaying an image are increasingly required in various forms. Therefore, research continues into developing thinner, lighter, and more power-efficient display devices.
As a representative example, flat display devices include Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) devices, Plasma Display Panel (PDP) devices, Field Emission Display (FED) devices, Electro Luminescence Display (ELD) devices, Electro-Wetting Display (EWD) devices, and Organic Light Emitting Display (OLED) devices.
Generally, a flat display device includes a display panel, a gate driving unit, a data driving unit, a timing controlling unit and a voltage generating unit. The display panel defines a pixel by intersections of a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines. The gate driving unit drives the plurality of gate lines. The data driving unit includes a plurality of data-driving integrated circuits which drive the plurality of data lines. The timing controlling unit provides various control signals to the gate driving unit and the data driving unit. The voltage-generating unit generates a reference voltage and provides the reference voltage to the data driving unit.
A plurality of gate driving integrated circuits or a plurality of data driving integrated circuits may be mounted on a film in a Chip On Film (COF) type.
Meanwhile, in a display device, a pad structure connects a film on which a data driving integrated circuit or a gate integrated circuit is mounted with various signal lines. In the pad structure, exposed lines are corroded around an area where the film is bonded. In addition, a short-circuit occurs between adjacent lines or metal layers. In addition, a line open or line disconnection occurs in a line due to a step difference of an insulating film included in the pad structure.

Pad structure and display device having the same


A control system for an electric vehicle includes an accelerator opening detecting device for detecting a position of an accelerator, and an output command value calculating device connected to the accelerator opening detecting device for calculating an output command value of a drive motor of the electric vehicle based upon the detected accelerator opening. A motor control device is connected to the output command value calculating device, and controls the output of the motor based upon the output command value. An accelerator opening learning device learns actual accelerator opening positions, and includes at least one of a full-closure learning apparatus for generating a full-closure determined value of the accelerator based upon an output of the accelerator opening detecting device, and a full-open learning apparatus for generating a full-open determined value based upon the detected accelerator opening. The system also includes an output command value limiting device for limiting the output command value output by the output command value calculating device until the accelerator opening learning device has generated the full-closure determined value and the full-open determined value. This configuration reduces the rough and unstable output changes of a motor until the learning has been completed.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electric vehicle control system for calculating an output command value of a motor based upon a detected accelerator opening, to control the output of the motor on the basis of the output command value.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, in electric powered vehicles, an output command value of the motor is determined based upon the accelerator opening and the rotational speed of the motor. In order to compensate for manufacturing mounting errors or other assembly errors in an accelerator opening sensor which detects an amount of accelerator opening, the difference between the full-closure determined value and the full-open determined value of the accelerator opening is set within a narrow range, and this difference between the full-closure determined value and the full-open determined value is widened to an ordinary range by determining or learning the actual accelerator opening as the vehicle travels.
Before the determination of actual accelerator opening, when the difference between the full-closure determined value and the full-open determined value is set within a narrow range, the change in the motor output with the operation stroke of the accelerator pedal is larger than normal. As a result, motor output is not smoothly delivered, deteriorating driveability and reducing the comfort of the vehicle.


An electronic cigarette includes a first surface, a second surface, a third surface, a fourth surface, a fifth surface, and a sixth surface. The first and the second surfaces are parallel to each other, the third and the fourth surfaces are parallel to each other, the fifth and the sixth surfaces are parallel to each other. The two opposite sides of the third surface are respectively connected to the first surface and the sixth surface. The side of the sixth surface away from the third surface is connected to the second surface. The two opposite sides of the fifth surface are respectively connected to the first surface and the fourth surface. The side of the fourth surface away from the fifth surface is connected to the second surface. The angle between the first surface and the third surface and the angle between the first surface and the fifth surface are both obtuse angles.

Presently, cigarette mouthpieces for electronic cigarettes are usually made of hard plastic or soft materials. A cigarette mouthpiece made of soft materials can provide a better tactility and have a wider application. However, the connection of the cigarette mouthpiece made of soft material is not reliable. In addition, the service life of the cigarette mouthpiece made of soft material is shorter than that of the cigarette mouthpiece made of hard plastic. The cigarette mouthpiece made of soft material may discolor and be contaminated easily.
In addition, the existing electronic cigarette is not convenient for the user to hold or pinch, unable to provide a good grip experience when the user inhale.

Changzhou Patent Electronic Technology Co., LTD


A method for producing vapor-grown carbon fibers, comprising contacting a carbon compound with a catalyst and/or a catalyst precursor compound in a heating zone, wherein the carbon compound is a combination of compounds respectively selected from carbon compounds having no benzene ring structure within molecule [Group (a)] and from aromatic compounds [Group (b)], these compounds satisfy the conditions that, in the raw materials, (number of atoms of element as catalyst)/(number of all carbon atoms) & equals; 0.000005 to 0.0015 and [number of carbon atoms contained in compound of Group (a)]/[number of carbon atoms contained in compound of Group (a)+number of carbon atoms contained in compound of Group (b)] & equals; 0.001 to 0.9, and the residence time in the temperature region of 600° C. or more is 30 seconds or less.

Heretofore, studies have been aggressively made on the carbon fibers obtained by the vapor-growth process (vapor-grown carbon fibers) because carbon fibers having a high aspect ratio can be relatively easily obtained, and many proposals have been reported also on the production method therefor. The carbon nanotubes (that is, carbon fibers having a fiber diameter on the nanometer order) which are, in particular, recently attracting attention can also be synthesized by applying this vapor-growth process.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing one example of the reaction apparatus for continuously producing carbon fibers by the vapor-growth process. For example, in a general production method, carbon monoxide (CO), methane, acetylene, ethylene, benzene, toluene and the like are used as the starting material hydrocarbon. When the starting material hydrocarbon is a gas at an ordinary temperature, this is mixed, in the gas state, with a carrier gas and fed, whereas when it is a liquid, the starting material hydrocarbon is gasified, then mixed with a carrier gas and fed or is atomized in the liquid state in the heating zone. As the carrier gas, an inert gas such as nitrogen gas, a reductive hydrogen gas or the like is used. In some cases, the hydrocarbon is fed to a system depressurized to a vacuum. As the catalyst, a supported catalyst obtained by loading a metal on a support such as alumina, or an organic metal compound such as ferrocene is used. In the case of using a supported catalyst, the supported catalyst is previously disposed in the reaction zone and heated to perform a necessary pretreatment and, thereafter, the starting material hydrocarbon is fed and reacted (the case shown in FIG. 1), or the supported catalyst subjected to a pretreatment is continuously or intermittently fed, from outside the system, to perform the reaction. It is also possible to employ an organic metal compound readily dissolvable in the starting material hydrocarbon, such as ferrocene, as the catalyst precursor, continuously or intermittently feed it together with the starting material hydrocarbon to the heating zone, and produce a carbon fiber using, as the catalyst, the metal particle generated by the thermal decomposition of the catalyst precursor compound. The produced carbon fibers are collected in the inside of the heating zone and/or a collector 3 connected to the terminal of the heating zone at the terminal thereof and after the completion of reaction for a predetermined time, recovered.
The method for producing carbon fibers by the vapor-phase process is roughly classified into the following three types by the method of feeding a catalyst or a precursor compound for the catalyst:
(1) a method where a substrate or boat comprising alumina or graphite having supported thereon a catalyst or its precursor compound is placed in the heating zone and contacted with a hydrocarbon gas fed from the vapor phase;
(2) a method where particles of a catalyst or its precursor compound are dispersed in a liquid-state hydrocarbon or the like and continuously or pulsedly fed to the heating zone from outside of the system to contact with a hydrocarbon at a high temperature; and
(3) a method where a metallocene or carbonyl compound dissolvable in a liquid-state hydrocarbon is used as a catalyst precursor compound and a hydrocarbon having dissolved therein the catalyst precursor compound is fed to the heating zone, thereby contacting a catalyst and a hydrocarbon at a high temperature.
In the method (1), the steps of coating a catalyst or its precursor on a substrate, performing, if desired, a pretreatment such as reduction, producing carbon fibers and taking out the carbon fibers after lowering the temperature must be separately performed and this makes continuous production difficult and has poor productivity. On the other hand, in the methods (2) and (3), continuous production can be performed and high productivity is obtained. Therefore, in the industry, a method classified into (2) or (3) is employed. However, unless a great excess of a catalyst or precursor compound thereof is used as compared with the amount necessary for growth of the product carbon fibers, a sufficiently large amount of carbon fibers cannot be obtained. Thus, at present, an expensive catalyst or catalyst precursor compound is wasted and, moreover, a step of removing by-products originated in the catalyst added in an excess amount is provided. This is serious when the catalyst is not supported on a support or the like but a catalyst, produced by feeding a catalyst precursor such as ferrocene to the heating zone in the gas state or in the state of floating in the raw material gas, is used. The catalyst having high activity is considered to cause aggregation and become bulky, and, as a result, to lose the ability of growing a carbon fiber.
When an inorganic or non-aromatic carbon compound such as CO, methane, acetylene and ethylene is used as the carbon source, such a compound is low in the carbon fiber-producing rate and the method of (1) is used in many cases, but the contacting time between the catalyst and the carbon source compound is as large as from a few minutes to tens of minutes and the productivity is low.
When an aromatic compound such as benzene and toluene is used as the carbon source, continuous production can be performed by the method of (2) or (3), but as described above, a great excess of a catalyst or precursor compound thereof is necessary and the efficiency in effective use of the catalyst or its precursor compound is low, giving rise to a high cost.
In the production of carbon fibers by the above-described methods, one carbon compound is generally used as the carbon source. Although ferrocene or thiophene is added in many cases, these are each used as a catalyst precursor or a precursor of sulfur and not expected to play only a role of a carbon source. A very large number of patent publications disclose that two or more carbon compounds can be used as the carbon source, but those specifically describing the effect, and Examples of two or more carbon compounds being used, can hardly be found. There is absolutely no related art clarifying the scientific advantage regarding the use of two or more carbon compounds.
For example, Japanese Examined Patent Publication (Kokoku) No. 2521982 discloses that carbon fibers are produced by using an exhaust gas from a coke furnace, which is considered to be a mixture of various carbon compounds. However, the purpose thereof is to effectively use the exhaust gas and the scientific activity when these compounds are mixed is not referred to at all.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2003-81620 discloses that acetylene, ethylene or butadiene is mixed as a carbon compound with an aromatic compound. According to this publication, the temperature of reaction system can be elevated by adding acetylene, ethylene or butadiene, but Examples where such a carbon compound is actually mixed are not found and also, the composite effect obtained by the presence of two carbon compounds together is not referred to at all.
An object of the present invention is to provide a production method of vapor-grown carbon fibers, where the efficiency in effective use of a catalyst or a catalyst precursor is remarkably enhanced and, as a result, carbon fibers can be simply and effectively produced at low cost.

Method of producing vapor-grown carbon fibers


Disclosed is a camera comprising a camera main body composed of a plurality of units including at least a lens barrel unit, a spool chamber unit and a Patrone chamber unit, a strobe unit including a strobe light emitter which is movable to a light emission possible position where strobe light emitter projects from the camera main body and an accommodating position where it is accommodated in the camera main body and a drive mechanism supported by the spool chamber unit or the Patrone chamber unit and driving the strobe unit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a camera, and more specifically, to a camera having a drive means for moving a strobe light emitter to a light emission possible position where the strobe light emitter projects from a camera main body and an accommodating position where it is accommodated in the camera main body.
2. Related background Art
Recently, in photographing equipment and the like such as cameras and so on (hereinafter, referred to as cameras) for taking photographs, there has been an increasing request for reducing the size and weight of the cameras as well as the design of the exterior member and the like of the cameras and the specification and the like of the various functions of the cameras -are frequently changed.
Further, materials such as plastic and the like have been widely used in place of, for example, metal materials which have been widely used as a material for constituting a camera main body.
Thus, there has been proposed and become commercially practical various types of technical means. According to the technical means, various members constituting a camera main body are arranged as units corresponding to the functions of the members and a plurality of the units are assembled to each other so that the camera main body can be effectively formed as well as the strength of the camera main body can be more improved.
For example, in the camera disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-160516, a camera main body is composed of a plurality of units such as a first block for forming a Patrone chamber, a second block for forming a spool chamber, a support unit for supporting a photographing lens barrel disposed on a front surface side between the first block and the second block, and the like. According to the arrangement, when stress is imposed on the camera, not only strength capable of maintaining the flatness of a film can be secured but also the design, specification and the like of the camera can be changed only by the modification of the design of some of the plurality of units.
On the other hand, small cameras with more improved portability have recently become pervasive in cameras which execute photographing and the like using a rolled light sensitive material. In these small cameras, cameras having a flash gun (hereinafter, referred to as a strobe unit) built therein for emitting flash as auxiliary illuminating light in photographing have become commercially practical.
In the cameras having the built-in strobe unit, there have been proposed and become commercially practical various types of cameras having a drive means for driving the flash light emitter (hereinafter, referred to as a strobe light emitter) of the strobe unit. The drive means is arranged such that when, for example, photographing is carried out, it moves the strobe light emitter to a light emission possible position where it is projected from a camera main body and when the camera is stored or carried, the drive unit moves the strobe light emitter to an accommodating position where it is accommodated in the camera main body.
For example, the moving device for moving a strobe light emitter disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-286242 is arranged such that a projection disposed on the outer peripheral surface of a lens unit as a lens frame of a photographing optical system is abutted against the cam surface of a drive lever and the drive lever is rotated by being pressed by the projection to thereby project the strobe light emitter from a camera main body through an urging member.
However, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-160516 discloses nothing as to the strobe light emitter built in a camera, a drive means for driving the strobe light emitter, and the like and any consideration is not given to them. Therefore, the technical means disclosed in the publication cannot solve the problems which arise to the design of a camera main body when, for example, the specification of the strobe light emitter is changed.
On the other hand, the means disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-286242 lacks general versatility because when the shape of the lens unit is to be changed or when the drive mechanism is to be changed, the design of the strobe unit itself must be modified and further it is very difficult to use the strobe unit to other type of a camera. Therefore, there is a problem that a partial change of the design of a camera requires to redesign the camera entirely and a manufacturing cost is increased thereby.


An approach is provided for providing mobility insight data related to shared vehicles for a point of interest (POI). The approach involves retrieving shared vehicle data for the POI. The shared vehicle data indicates one or more shared vehicle events that have occurred, that are occurring at a given time, or a combination thereof within a threshold proximity of the POI. The approach also involves processing the shared vehicle data to determine mobility insight data. The mobility insight data includes a shared vehicle usage pattern, a shared vehicle availability pattern, or a combination thereof under one or more contexts for travel to or from the POI. The approach further involves presenting the mobility insight data in a location-based user interface.

Providing navigation support to users is an important function for map service providers. Current navigation systems can provide route guidance to and from a point of interest (POI) such as a restaurant, a sporting or cultural venue, a shopping mall, etc. via various means or modes of transportation (e.g., private transportation, public transportation, walking, etc.). However, such systems are often restricted by the constraints of the static public transport network, the issue of having to find parking at the destination, etc. Vehicle sharing services (e.g., shared cars, shared bicycles, shared scooters, etc.) can alternatively offer users flexibility in where they can pick up and drop off shared vehicles. Consequently, users can avoid being restricted by the public transport network and/or can discover new places that are not convenient to reach via public transport. However, without knowing where shared vehicles are in relation to a POI that a user intends to visit, service providers face significant technical challenges to integrate shared vehicles into multimodal or intermodal navigation routes.

Method and apparatus for providing mobility insight data for points of interest


A hair dryer system includes a hair dryer connectable to a power source and having a power connection, an attachment that is connectable to the power connection and is supplied power from the power source by the power connection. When the hair dryer is connected to the attachment by the power connection, the hair dryer and attachment consume a predetermined amount of power. When the hair dryer is disconnected from the attachment, the hair dryer consumes less power than the predetermined amount of power.

1. Field of the Invention
This disclosure relates to hair dryer systems having a hair dryer and one or more removable powered attachments connected to the hair dryer in which the attachment and hair dryer draw power from a power source below a predetermined value of power, and when the hair dryer is disconnected from the attachment, the hair dryer has a reduced power draw than when connected to the attachment. This disclosure also relates to powered attachments that provide additional functionality to such hair dryer systems.
2. Description of the Related Art
Commercially available hair dryers typically have the maximum Underwriters Laboratories (UL) rating of 1875 Watts. Accordingly, these hair dryers are unable to use attachments that draw additional power because the hair dryer and attachment will exceed the maximum UL rating. Furthermore, most hair dryers that have a rating of 1875 Watts undesirably generate unneeded heat that must be reduced prior to contact of the heated air to a user to maintain safety and comfort and meet the safety requirements of agencies such as UL. Thus, these hair dryers consume more power than needed to dry hair effectively thereby leading to great inefficiency. Further, attachments that do not consume power limit the functionality of the attachment.
Accordingly, there is a need to provide hair dryer systems and methods that may be used with one or more powered attachments that reduce power consumption when the attachment is disconnected as compared to when the attachment is connected. There is a further need for powered attachments that provide the additional functionality to the hair dryer system such as vacuum, straightening, accelerating airflow, detangling hair, dispensing liquid hair products, ionizing, or any combinations thereof.

Hair dryer systems and methods and attachments for such hair dryer systems


There is disclosed technology of a color conversion definition for converting coordinate points in a color reproduction area of a printer into coordinate points in a color reproduction area of a print. This technology makes it possible to increase the degree of freedom of designation for K-plate restraint conditions of print, and also permit to widely take the color reproduction area within the range of ink total amount limitation. The vertex of K is established to be points (C, M, Y, K)=(CSH, MSH, YSH, KSH) in which K-plate restraint conditions are designated. There is created a virtual device profile tracing the color reproduction area of a print on not only edge lines coupling W with C, M and Y, and edge lines coupling K with R, G and B, but also diagonals edge lines coupling W with R, G and B, and diagonals edge lines coupling K with C, M and Y.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a color conversion definition creating method of creating a color conversion definition for converting coordinate points in a color reproduction area of a device (for example, a printer) that mediates between an image and image data, in a three-dimensional color space (a RGB color space) wherein R (red), G (green), and B (blue) are established as axes, which depends on the device, into coordinate points in a color reproduction area of a print in a four-dimensional color space (a CMYK color space) wherein C (cyan), M (magenta), Y (yellow), and K (black) for printing are established as axes, a color conversion definition creating apparatus, and a color conversion definition creating program storage medium storing a color conversion definition creating program which causes an information processing apparatus such as a computer to operate as the color conversion definition creating apparatus as mentioned above.
2. Description of the Related Art
Hitherto, as an apparatus for applying a good quality of color processing for printing to image data representative of an image, there is known an apparatus that receives CMY data representative of a combination (coordinate points in a CMY color space) of density values of C, M, and Y, and outputs CMY data representative of a combination (coordinate points in a CMYK color space) of dot % of C, M, Y and K (for example, Japanese Patent Reference TokuKai Hei. 9-83824).
This apparatus relates an apparatus for performing processing input CMY data. With respect to such an apparatus, a technology is basically established, while there are proposed various improvements. And there exist many skilled persons who can operate such an apparatus to perform a good quality of color processing (this color processing is referred to as a "setup").
Recently, as technology of a color management has come into wide use, there is mounting necessity that CMYK data for a good quality of printing is obtained in accordance with color data other than CMY data. By way of an example, it happens that there is a need that upon receipt of RGB data representative of a combination (coordinate points in an RGB color space) of values of R, G, and B, there is printed an image that reproduces colors of a printed image obtained through printing by some printer based on the received RGB data.
When the RGB data is converted into the CMYK data, there is a need not only that the RGB data is converted into the CMYK data capable of obtaining the same colors on a calorimetric basis, but also that the RGB data is converted into the CMYK data excellent in printability. As a parameter of the printability, a K-value is raised. When the RGB data is converted into the CMYK data capable of obtaining the same colors on a calorimetric basis, it is necessary to determine the K-value in accordance with a printing company and a printing machine (K-plate restraint conditions).
Even if various technologies are used so as to convert the RGB data into CMY data that is excellent in printability and is the same colors on a calorimetric basis, a color matching between a color of an image outputted from a specific printer in accordance with the RGB data and a color of an image reproduced in printing is implemented only on an area in which a color reproduction area of the printer is overlapped with a color reproduction area of the printing. And thus, when the color reproduction area of the printer, that is, the outline of the printer profile, is greatly different from the color reproduction area of the printing, that is, the outline of the printing profile, while the outline of the printing profile is usually narrower, it is a problem as to how the color of the color reproduction area of the printer is converted into the color reproduction area of the printing so that an image, which is concerned with a color that is extremely close to the color of the image outputted from the printer in accordance with the RGB data and does not bring about a feeling of wrongness in color tone, is reproduced in printing (this is referred to as a gamut mapping).
With respect to a technology of the gamut mapping, there is proposed an excellent technology (cf. Japanese Patent Reference TokuKai 2001-103329). Japanese Patent Reference TokuKai 2001-103329 discloses a technology in which a direction of the mapping is determined on the device color space (for example, a device-dependence RGB color space) and an actual mapping is performed on the common color space such as an L*a*b* color space. The adoption of this technology makes it possible to cope with both fidelity in colorimetry in vicinity of a gray axis and expression of high coloring in vicinity of a surface of the gamut (a color reproduction area).
However, according to the technology proposed in Japanese Patent Reference TokuKai 2001-103329, the direct use of the technology makes it difficult to perform mapping of the RGB data into CMYK data including a K-value. And thus as disclosed in Japanese Patent Reference TokuKai 2004-007373 for instance, it is considered that an additional device for dealing with RGB data, which has a color reproduction area that is sufficiently coincident with a color reproduction area of printing, is interposed between input RGB data and CMYK data for printing, so that the gamut mapping according to the technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Reference TokuKai 2001-103329 is carried out between the input RGB data and RGB data of the additional device, and thereafter a color matching taking into consideration K-plate restraint conditions is carried out between the RGB data of the interposed device and the CMYK data for printing. Further, according to the technology of Japanese Patent Reference TokuKai 2004-007373, there is a need to actually prepare a device having a color reproduction area that is sufficiently coincident with a color reproduction area of printing. And thus according to a technology of Japanese Patent Reference TokuKai 2004-102489, it is proposed that there is performed an operation virtually preparing a device having a color reproduction area that is sufficiently coincident with a color reproduction area of printing, without actually preparing an additional device, so that the gamut mapping is carried out from the input RGB data to RGB data of the virtual device and a color matching is carried out between the RGB data of the virtual device and CMYK data of printing taking into consideration K-plate restraint conditions.
However, according to the technology of Japanese Patent Reference TokuKai 2004-102489, there is simply prepared for the device having a color reproduction area that is sufficiently coincident with a color reproduction area of printing. But, in the examination of the technology more in detail, the color reproduction area of RGB data, that is, (R,G,B)=(0,0,0)−(255,255,255), is concerned with a regular hexahedron, where the value 255 is the maximum. And when the RGB data is mapped to, for example, the L*a*b* color space, vertexes are eight. To the contrary, in case of CMYK data, there exist black represented by (C,M,Y,K)=(100,100,100,100) where C,M,Y,K represent dot % and the value 100 represents 100% in dot %, that is, the maximum, and in addition, around the black, black of redness, black of greenness, and black of blueness, such as (C,M,Y,K)=(0,100,100,100), (100,0,100,100), (100,100,0,100), respectively. Thus, CMYK data is concerned with many vertexes (generally 14 pieces of vertexes) more than RGB data. Accordingly, in case of a printer that deals with RGB data, it is strictly impossible to implement the same color reproduction area as the color reproduction area of printing. Thus, it is a problem how the difference is harmonized. Further, according to the technology of Japanese Patent Reference TokuKai 2004-102489, there is simply conceptually prepared a virtual device having a color reproduction area that is sufficiently coincident with a color reproduction area of printing, and there is prepared no specific profile of the virtual device. The profile of the virtual device may cause the adaptation to technology of the gamut mapping proposed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Reference TokuKai 2001-103329 to greatly vary. Accordingly, it is also an important problem as to how the profile of the virtual device is specifically defined.
Furthermore, with respect to the K-plate restraint conditions, according to the technology of Japanese Patent Reference TokuKai 2004-102489, the K-value is determined from the minimum value of C, M, Y, and thus it is possible to obtain a result somewhat satisfied on the gray axis or the vicinity of the gray axis. However, there is such a problem that it is impossible to represent particularly dark color of chroma saturation. It is not sufficient that the K-plate restraint conditions are simply satisfactorily kept. There is such a problem that even if a grey of color tone, in which four plates of CMYK are overlapped with one another, keeps monotone, it is difficult for an operator to accept that when there occurs the inversion of the tone on any of the plates. For this reason, there are needs to well keep the K-plate restraint conditions on the gray axis and in addition to prevent the four plates of CMYK from bringing about the inversion on the gray axis.
Japanese Patent Reference TokuKai 2005-268982 proposes a technology in which it is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems, and a profile of the virtual device is "suitably" defined, so that a virtual device having a color reproduction area close to the color reproduction area of printing is prepared on an algorithm basis and the K-plate restraint conditions are properly reflected on the gray axis. According to the technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Reference TokuKai 2005-268982, a combination of the technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Reference TokuKai 2001-103329 for instance makes it possible to make a color conversion definition from the RGB color space to the CMYK color space, which is faithful in colorimetry and is free from a tone fault, wherein the K-plate restraint conditions are faithfully reflected on the gray axis.
However, the technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Reference TokuKai 2005-268982 involves a problem that the tolerance to the K-plate restraint conditions is not necessarily enough. More in detail, in the event that there is set up K-plate restraint condition in which the amount of K-plate rises rapidly from a bright color to a dark color, there is a possibility that the value of K of K>0 is allotted to the point that corresponds to the high brightness color that can be reproduced only with K=0 in the color reproduction area as a result of the interpolation, and the high brightness color originally intended can not be reproduced in the print.
In order to solve such an inconvenience that the high brightness color can not be reproduced in the print, Japanese Patent Application Serial No. 2005-131936 proposes technology that the value of K of K>0 is allotted for an area near the white (W) of a surface of the color reproduction area to perform an interpolation operation taking as boundary conditions this allocation.
However, according to the technology proposed in Japanese Patent Application Serial No. 2005-131936, ink total amount limitation (sum total of the dot % of C, M, Y, and K of each point) is not considered. Therefore, it is difficult to apply such technology to the CMYK device that is severe in the ink total amount limitation, such as printers that especially print the newspaper as it is. Moreover, according to the technology proposed in Japanese Patent Application Serial No. 2005-131936, it is also difficult to arbitrarily designate CMYK value of a black spot. Therefore, it doesn't become an enough answer for the user who wants to follow CMYK values of a black spot of printing conditions conventionally used as it is, and wanting remove the color balance of the shadow from a neutral gray intentionally.

Color conversion definition creating method, color conversion definition creating apparatus, and color conversion definition creating program storage medium


Methods for treating tumors comprising cells expressing the vitamin D receptor are provided, and comprise inhibiting the expression or the biologic activity of the vitamin D receptor in the tumor cells, and/or inhibiting the expression or the biologic activity of a constituent of the vitamin D receptor signaling pathway in the tumor cells, and administering to the tumor cells an effective amount of gemcitabine.

Various publications, including patents, published applications, technical articles and scholarly articles are cited throughout the specification. Each of these cited publications is incorporated by reference herein, in its entirety and for all purposes.
Pancreatic cancer is the 4th leading cause of cancer deaths in the US and carries the worst prognosis. Ninety-five percent of all pancreatic tumors are adenocarcinomas. Less than 4% of diagnosed patients have 5 year survival or better, with a median survival of only 3 to 6 months.
Generally speaking, pancreatic cancers are notoriously insensitive to the backbone of cancer chemo- and radiation therapy, all of which target processes essential for genome maintenance. Pancreatic adenocarcinomas are highly resistant to conventional chemotherapies and are a major obstacle to improving treatment outcomes. Gemcitabine is a cytotoxic drug that is the first-line therapy for patients with metastatic pancreas cancer because of a modest improvement in survival over other drugs. Gemcitabine, a nucleoside analog that blocks DNA replication, remains the first line therapy for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Even with treatment, however, most patients will not survive more than one year.
While early diagnosis will significantly improve treatment options, efforts to enhance chemosensitivity of tumors are equally important. Novel treatment strategies are especially needed given that Phase III trials of various cytotoxic agents in combination with gemcitabine did not show improvement over gemcitabine alone (Van Cutsem E et al. (2004) J. Clin. Oncol. 22:1430-8; Philip P A (2009) J. Clin. Oncol. 27:5660-9; Moore M J (2005) Semin. Oncol. 32:5-6).

Combined inhibition of the vitamin D receptor and DNA replication in the treatment of cancer


An approach is presented for handling incoming status messages with respect to a request and/or a communication channel (e.g., PSMS). A PSMS client causes, at least in part, a transmission of a request over a communication channel, the request originating from an application associated with a device. A status message client of the PSMS client causes, at least in part, a monitoring of one or more inboxes associated with the communication channel for one or more status messages related to the communication channel, the request, or a combination thereof. The status message client causes, at least in part, a presentation of a representation of at least a portion of the one or more status messages, status information interpreted from the one or more status messages, or a combination thereof in a user interface of the application.

Service providers and device manufacturers (e.g., wireless, cellular, etc.) are continually challenged to deliver value and convenience to consumers by, for example, providing compelling network devices and services. One area of development is premium communication channels, such as premium short message service (PSMS), for handling users' payments for products and/or services available over networks. For example, a user may download a ringtone, a wallpaper or logo to a mobile phone via PSMS services. PSMS is the most widely available payment channel that allows operators to charge subscribers. Subscribers are charged either when they send a short code text message (Mobile Originated or MO billing) or when they receive a message or response (Mobile Terminated or MT billing). PSMS revenues are shared by the server provider, the aggregator, the third party billing service provider, and the network operator. In most situations, PSMS messaging can be handled by a client application at the user device automatically and independently without any user interaction. However, when the SMS/PSMS message is blocked due to user-specific, operator-specific, and/or country-specific restrictions, the client application does not know how to handle different kinds of status messages with respect to the SMS/PSMS message. Accordingly, service providers and device manufacturers face significant challenges to facilitating the status message handling process in such environments.

Method and apparatus for handling incoming status messages


A non-return device (10) for use with a waste trap is described. The non-return device comprises a sealing portion (12) having first and second sheet members (14, 16), a device inlet (18), a device outlet (20) and a transition portion (22) providing fluid communication between the device inlet and the sealing portion. The transition portion has a convex section of wall (24).

Traps, such as bottle traps or convoluted pipes, are widely used throughout the world to connect waste fluid outlets from sinks, baths or showers or the like to a soil stack. A conventional trap comprises an inlet and an outlet, and defines a passageway for liquid to flow from the inlet to the outlet. A conventional trap is designed such that, in use, liquid is retained in the passageway to provide a barrier between the inlet and the outlet, preventing odours and gases from the soil stack passing through the trap into the surrounding environment.
Whilst conventional traps are fairly effective, there are drawbacks associated with them. It is known, for example, for the liquid seal to evaporate over a period of time, such that the gases in the soil stack are no longer prevented from escaping through the waste outlet. This is particularly a problem where the waste outlet is not used regularly and/or the trap is located in a hot or low humidity environment in which the rate of evaporation is increased.
It is also known for a siphon effect to be established in a trap causing the liquid in the trap to be sucked out of the trap, thereby breaking the liquid seal.
Non-return devices have been used in conjunction with soil traps to prevent odours from the soil stack passing through the trap in the event of the liquid seal being broken. One such device is described in GB2296309. However this device has drawbacks. For example the incorporation of such a non-return device may restrict the flow through the waste outlet and causing a build up of fluid in the vessel. This can be unsightly and prompt concern of a blockage in a user.
It is also known for conventional non-return devices to turn inside out when there is a pressure differential across the device resulting in a higher pressure on soil stack side of the non-return device, thereby negating the effect of the non-return device.


An indication of interaction with a touch-sensitive display is provided. A soft key is displayed on the touch-sensitive display. Contact with the touch-sensitive display corresponding to interaction with the soft key is detected. The periphery of the soft key smoothly changes in optical intensity in response to detecting the contact.

Touch-sensitive displays (also known as "touch screens" or "touchscreens") are well known in the art. Touch screens are used in many electronic devices to display graphics and text, and to provide an interface through which a user may interact with the devices. For example, touch screens may receive user actions or behaviors, including user attempts to access a device's features or tools. In particular, touch screens are designed to detect and respond to contact on the touch screen and movement of the point of contact on the touch screen. A device may display one or more soft keys, menus and/or other user-interface objects on the touch screen. A user may interact with the device by contacting the touch screen at locations corresponding to the user-interface objects with which he or she wishes to interact.
One challenge with touch screens is to provide sensory feedback to a user such that the user has the perception that he or she is actively interacting with a user-interface object, such as a soft key. In devices with physical buttons, the user gets a tactile sensation from pushing a physical button. However, sensory feedback that is suitable for physical buttons may not be suitable for soft keys on touch screens. The user may not perceive a tactile sensation with a soft key since the touch screen on which the soft key is displayed is often flat.
Accordingly, there is a need for improved techniques for providing users with an indication of interaction with soft keys.


A filtering face-piece respirator 10 that comprises a mask body 12 and a harness 14. The mask body 12 includes (i) a filtering structure 18, (ii) a plastic support structure 16, and (iii) a nose clip 19 that is secured to the plastic support structure 18 by being molded therein. The inventive filtering face-piece respirator is beneficial in that it eliminates the need for an adhesive or welding step to secure the nose clip to the mask body.

Respirators are commonly worn over the breathing passages of a person for at least one of two common purposes: (1) to prevent impurities or contaminants from entering the wearer's breathing track; and (2) to protect other persons or things from being exposed to pathogens and other contaminants exhaled by the wearer. In the first situation, the respirator is worn in an environment where the air contains particles that are harmful to the wearer, for example, in an auto body shop. In the second situation, the respirator is worn in an environment where there is risk of contamination to other persons or things, for example, in an operating room or clean room.
A variety of respirators have been designed to meet either (or both) of these purposes. Some of these respirators have been categorized as being "filtering face-pieces" because the mask body itself functions as the filtering mechanism. Unlike respirators that use rubber or elastomeric mask bodies in conjunction with attachable filter cartridges (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. RE39,493 to Yuschak et al.) or insert-molded filter elements (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,790,306 to Braun), filtering face-piece respirators have the filter media cover much of the whole mask body so that there is no need for installing or replacing a filter cartridge. Conventional filtering face piece respirators have regularly comprised non-woven webs of thermally-bonding fibers or open-work plastic meshes to furnish the mask body with its cup-shaped configuration. As such, filtering face-piece respirators are relatively light in weight and easy to use. Examples of patents that disclose filtering face-piece respirators include U.S. Pat. No. 7,131,442 to Kronzer et al, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,923,182 and 6,041,782 to Angadjivand et al. U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,568,392 and 6,484,722 to Bostock et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,394,090 to Chen, U.S. Pat. No. 4,873,972 to Magidson et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,850,347 to Skov, U.S. Pat. No. 4,807,619 to Dyrud et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,536,440 to Berg, and Des. 285,374 to Huber et al.
Often a nose clip is provided on the mask body of the filtering face-piece to achieve a snug fit over the wearer's nose. The nose clip is commonly in the form of malleable, linear, strip of aluminum—see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,307,796, 4,600,002, and 3,603,315 and U.K. Patent Application GB 2,103,491 A. A more recent nose clip product uses an M-shaped band of aluminum to improve fit over the wearer's nose—see U.S. Pat. No. 5,558,089 and Des. 412,573 to Castiglione. Other filtering face-piece respirators have used manually-pliable polymeric nose clips or spring-loaded nose clips—see U.S. Patent Applications 2007-0068529A1 to Kalatoor et al. and 2007-0044803A1 to Xue et al. Metal nose clips are regularly secured to the mask body through use of an adhesive, although welding techniques also have been suggested for polymeric nose clips.

Filtering face-piece respirator having nose clip molded into the mask body