A method is provided for acquiring a user location including, when it is required to acquire a current user location, a Location Service Client (LSC) transmitting a location service request carrying a user bearer identifier of user to a Bearer Mapping Function (BMF) through a Gateway Mobile Location Centre (GMLC), and after receiving the location service request, the BMF searching for a corresponding Interworking Packet Access Gateway (iPAG) according to the user bearer identifier, and after obtaining user location information from the iPAG, the BMF returning the user location information to the LSC through the GMLC or instructing the GMLC to obtain the user location information from the iPAG.

The Packet Switching (PS) access network includes a Long Term Evolution (LTE for short) network, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS for short) network, a GSM EDGE radio access network (GERAN for short), a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA for short) network and so on, which provides Internet Protocol (IP) access capability to users, thereby enabling the users to access the Internet network.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of architecture of an existing packet access network. The packet access network primarily includes a User Equipment (UE for short) 101, a Radio Access Network (RAN for short) 102, an Access Control. Function (ACF for short) 103, a Packet Access Gateway (PAG for short) 104, a User Profile Server (UPS for short) 105, and may also include a Policy Dispatch System (PDS) etc.
The UE 101 is used to receive and transmit wireless information, presenting services to users, and it can cooperate with the ACF to provide information required by the location services;
the RAN 102 is used to receive and transmit wireless information, and interact with the ACF and PAG, to enable the ACF to exchange control plane information with the UE and enable the PAG to exchange user plane data with the UE, and it can cooperate with the UE to provide location information to the ACF;
the ACF 103 is used to acquire user profile from the UPS, provide mobility management and bearer control to the user, and it can further exchange location information with the RAN and the UE to acquire the location information and provide location information to the LSC through the GMLC. Specifically, for example, the ACF is a Mobility Management Entity (MME for short) in the LTE network or a Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN for short) in the UMTS network;
the PAG 104 is used to provide a bearer to implement exchange of user plane data. For a certain service or all services, the PAG includes one-stage or multi-stage packet data exchange gateway. The so-called "one-stage" refers to that for a certain service or all services, the RAN can implement packet data exchange with the Internet only through one PAG. The so-called "multi-stage" refers to that for a certain service or all services, the RAN can implement packet data exchange with the Internet through multiple (at least two) PAGs. Specifically, the PAG of the last stage which provides an interactive capability with the Internet is referred to as an Interworking Packet Access Gateway (iPAG for short), and former PAGs which provide the transfer capability are referred to as Transfer Packet Access Gateways (tPAG for short). Specifically, for example, the iPAG is a Public Data Network Gateway (PDN-GW for short) in the LTE network or a Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN for short) in the UMTS network, and for instance, the tPAG is a Service Gateway (SGW for short) in the LTE network or may also be an independent entity, such as a functional module of the ACF like the SGSN in the UMTS network;
the UPS 105 stores basic information of user and service subscription data, downloads user profile to the ACF and can acquire mobile information of user (the ACF where the user is located currently), thereby being able to cooperatively route a final call service request of the user to the ACF where the user is located currently. Specifically, the UPS may be a Home Subscriber Server (HSS for short), a Home Location Register (HLR for short), or an Authentication Authorization Accounting (AAA for short) in the mobile network.
The PDS 106 is used to receive service information from the UE and the application server, and on the basis of this, to generate a bearer policy to be distributed to the PAG so as to establish a suitable bearer, and the PAG may also report the packet access information to the PDS, and the PDS further distributes the packet access information to the application server. When the PDS is deployed, the Policy Dispatch Execution Agent (PDEA) of the PDS is set in the PAG. The PDEA may be an independent functional entity in the PAG and transfers signaling to the tPAG and/or iPAG in the PAG through an interface, or may be a logical function of the tPAG or iPAG.
Wherein, the interface U1 is an interface between the UE 101 and the RAN 102, which implements information interaction therebetween, including interaction of control plane information and user plane data; the U2 is an interface between the RAN 102 and the PAG 104, which carries user plane data of the UE; the U3 is a packet data interface from the PAG 104 to the Internet, which communicates with other Internet devices by using the IP protocol; the S1 is an interface between the ACF 103 and the UPS 105, which implements mobility management of the UE and download of the user profile; the S2 is an interface between the ACF 103 and the RAN 102, which carries control plane information of the UE and is used by the ACF 103 to acquire location information from the RAN 102 in a location service; and the S3 is an interface between the ACF 103 and the PAG 104, which controls the establishment and release of a user plane data channel etc.
Based on the current packet access network, an idea of identity and location separation can be further introduced, to construct a new type of Internet architecture, which is referred to as an identity network herein. The basic principle of the identity network is to allocate a fixed access identity to the UE, and the UE substitutes the IP address in the related art with the access identity for communication, and the iPAG located at the Internet edge allocates a routing identity to the user and uses the routing identity for routing, thereby implementing the mapping and conversion between the user access identity and routing identity.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of architecture of an identity network in the related art. As only the UE and the iPAG in the packet access network of FIG. 1 are involved in the data routing process of the identity network, network elements of the packet access network such as the RAN, the ACF and the UPS and so on are omitted in FIG. 2. The identity network illustrated in FIG. 2 includes a UE 201, an iPAG 202, a Common Router (CR for short) 203 and a Location Register (LR for short) 204, and description thereof are as follows.
The UE 201 accesses the Internet through the packet access network and substitutes the IP address with the user Access identity (AID for short) to be used as the source address of the IP data package to communicate with other user devices and application servers.
In addition to having the functions of the iPAG in FIG. 1, the iPAG 202 allocates a user AID to the user to take the place of the IP address when the UE establishes a packet data connection at the iPAG, and it further specifies a Routing Identity (RID for short) to establish a mapping relationship between the AID and the RID (AID, RID), and reports the mapping relationship to the LR; and in a process of communicating with a remote end, the iPAG can acquire the mapping relationship between the AID and RID of the remote UE from the LR according to the AID of remote end, or acquire the mapping relationship between the AID and the RID of the remote user from the received data package of the remote user, thereby implementing the processing and forwarding functions of the IP data packages according to the mapping relationship between the AID and RID of the local UE and remote UE.
The CR 103 implements calculation of the routing protocol, and forwards a data package to the iPAG where the destination UE is located according to the RID.
The LR 104 stores a mapping relationship between the AID and the RID reported by the iPAG, provides an inquiry function according to the mapping relationship, and returns a RID corresponding to the AID according to the AID in the inquiry request.
In the above architecture, the U1-2 is an interface between the UE 201 and the iPAG 202, i.e., a user plane interface from the UE to the PAG through the RAN in FIG. 1; the M1 is an interface between the iPAG 202 and the LR 204, which is used to report and inquire the mapping relationship between the AID and the RID; and the M2 is an interface between the iPAG 202 and the CR 203, which is used to forward data between the iPAGs.
When the UE-A transmits data to the UE-B, the UE-A constructs an IP data package {source address=AID-A, destination address=AID-B, payload} by using the access identity AID-A of itself as a source address and using the access identity AID-B of a correspondent node as a destination address, and transmits the IP data package to the iPAG-A; the iPAG-A uses the routing identity RID-A of the UE-A as the source address and uses the routing identity RID-B of the UE-B as the destination address according to the mapping relationship between the AID and the RID of the UE-A and UE-B, and routes original data package including the AID-A, AID-B and payload and so on as the payload of the newly constructed data package {source address=RID-A, destination address=RID-B, payload {AID-A, AID-B and original payload}} to the iPAG-B via the CR, wherein, the RID-B is acquired by the iPAG-A from the LR according to the identity AID-B of the UE-B; then the iPAG-B decapsulates the data package and restores the data package to the original data package transmitted by the UE-A {AID-A, AID-B, and payload} and transmits it to the UE-B.
It can be seen from the Internet access processes of FIGS. 1-2 that, the UE accesses an Internet service by using an IP address or an AID, and a remote end (for example, a map application server) can directly acquire the IP address or the AID from source address information of the data package, and such two identities are different from the commonly used application layer identities such as Mobile Subscriber International ISDN number (MSISDN, wherein the ISDN is an abbreviation of Integrated Service Digital Network), Session Initial Protocol Universal Resource Identifier (SIP URI), and the IP address or the AID belongs to the scope of a bearer network and they are therefore referred to as a user bearer identifier or a bearer identifier.
FIG. 3 is architecture of a location service of a packet access network and an identity network in the related art, which primarily comprises an ACF 301, an UPS 302, a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC for short) 303, a Location Service Client (LSC for short) 304, and network elements such as UE, RAN, PSG, PDS and so on, which are not relevant herein, are omitted in the figure.
The GMLC 303 interacts with the ACF according to a request from the LSC, and acquire the location information of UE by interaction between the ACF and the RAN and UE, and returns the location information to the LSC, wherein, in the process of determining the ACF, it needs to acquire the ACF address where the user is located currently from the UPS. In the above location process, it only relates to the control plane network element ACF, the RAN and the UE in the packet access network, and does not relate to the user plane network element PAG. In the process of the GMLC acquiring location information through the ACF, the user is represented by using an identity of the user in the packet access network, which may be the MSISDN or IMSI or the both. The above identity is also referred to as an internal identity of the location service.
The LSC 304 requests the location information of the user from the GMLC by using the user identity according to the requirements of the application, wherein the user identity includes real identities of the user such as MSISDN, Session Initial Protocol Universal Resource Identifier (SIP URI) and so on, or the user identity may be an anonymous application layer identity. If it is an anonymous identity, it is required to add a corresponding entity between the LSC and the GMLC, to ensure the conversion between the anonymous identity and the real identity. The above identity is also referred to as an external identity of the location service. Specifically, the LSC is generally an application server in the network, for example, a map application server.
In FIG. 3, the L1 is an interface between the LSC 304 and the GMLC 303, which is used for LSC 304 requesting location information from the GMLC 303; the L2 is an interface between the GMLC 303 and the UPS 302, which is used by the GMLC 303 to acquire address information of the control plane network element ACF from the UPS 302; and the L3 is an interface between the GMLC 303 and the ACF 301, which is used by the GMLC 303 to acquire location information from the ACF 301.
A typical location service process is that the LSC 304 requests location information of a specified UE from the GMLC 303 through the L1 interface, and the GMLC 303 inquires the UPS 302 for the address of the control plane network element ACF where the user is located currently through the L2 interface, and inquires the control plane network element ACF 301 through the L3 interface according to the result returned by the UPS 302, and the ACF 301 may further inquire the UPS 302 for the location information of the user through the S1 interface and returns the location information to the GMLC 303, and then the GMLC 303 returns the result to the LSC 304.
In the related art, the LSC must firstly acquire the application layer identity of the user (real identity or anonymous identity), and then requests location service information from the GMLC by using the external identity of the above application layer, and the GMLC maps the external identity to the internal identity of the packet access network and then acquires the location of the user by using the interaction between the internal identity and the UPS and ACF. However, in the actual service, when a user accesses an Internet service through a packet access network, for example, the user accesses an application server of a map application provider on the Internet, it needs to acquire accurate user location information and provide service information such as adjacent map information and hotels and so on to the user according to the location information. As the UE uses the IP address or AID to interact with the application server, the application server may directly acquire a user bearer identifier of the user (IP address or AID) from a header of the data package at this time, but the accurate external identity of the application layer of the user may not be acquired, which causes that the application server is not able to use the location service provided by the packet mobile access network, thus limiting the application scope of the location service.

System and method for acquiring user location through user bearer identifier


A control system, which is capable of performing a fault-tolerant function realized in the manner of duplication by merely transferring memory ownership from one processor module to another with the use of a method of extending a memory bus, is provided. Each processor module in the control system includes an A-port memory and a B-port memory which store memory data of their own processor module (the self processor module) or memory data of the other processor module and a memory bus switch which performs switching-over to selectively store data of the self processor module or data transmitted from the other processor module in the A-port or B-port memory, depending on whether the self processor module or the other processor module has memory ownership.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for fault-tolerant control in a fault-tolerant control system, into which a fully distributed common memory (FUDCOM) method employing a concurrent write method is realized in the manner of duplication, and more particularly, to a fault-tolerant control system which is allowed to operate as an active processor module or a standby processor module by transferring data from one module to another using extension of memory buses.
2. Description of the Related Art
Full electronic switching systems have been required to have a high reliability and a high availability and have provided fault-tolerant functions by constituting important functions in a duplication manner. Since such systems can be maintained and fixed by an operator when they malfunction due to some errors, they do not require as much a considerable amount of hardware redundancy as has been required in medical equipment, flight control systems, satellites, and military equipment. In general, a switching system is comprised of a module for performing system functions and a standby module for backing up the system functions, and this structure is called a duplication manner.
In a control system realized in the duplication manner by adopting a concurrent write method, consistency of data between two processor modules can be maintained using high-speed data transmission channels. If an error is detected in an active processor module currently performing system functions, the system functions are transferred from the active processor module to a standby processor module which is operating as a system redundancy module so that the error can be fixed without causing discontinuity in a real-time service being provided. In conventional techniques regarding high speed data transmission channels, a method of extending a local bus of a CPU or a memory bus between a memory and a memory controller has been adopted.
In a conventional full electronic switching control system adopting a concurrent write method, a duplicated control system realizes the concurrent write method by extending a local bus or by extending a memory bus. In the duplicated control system adopting a method of extending a local bus, high-speed data transmission channels must be provided. In addition, in the process of realizing such data transmission channels, malfunction of the local bus may be caused by mistakes made by the designer or defects in the elements, and this affects the entire operation of a whole processor module so that the processor module may malfunction or stop operating, and thus the reliability of a system may be degraded. On the other hand, in the duplicated control system adopting a method of extending a memory bus, a memory is divided into a region on which concurrent write can be performed and a region on which concurrent write cannot be performed. Thus, malfunction of a memory and an additional switching time may be needed during the process of switching memories.

Apparatus and method for fault-tolerant control using fully distributed common memory

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute


A cap assembly includes a first part for mounting to a bottle and a second part coupled to the first part, and a sucking member pivotally disposed to a top of the first part. The top of the first part has two stands, a support located between the two stands and a stop extending therefrom, wherein the support has a passage defined therethrough and extending through the top. The sucking member has a sphere member rotatably supported between the two stands and is rested on a first annular flange extending from a top of the support. The second part has two clamping members extending from a bottom thereof so that when the second part is mounted to the first part, the sucking member is clamped by the clamping members and pivoted and laid on the stop.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a cap assembly and, more particularly, to an improved cap assembly threadedly connected to a bottle and having a sucking member pivotally disposed thereto so as to conveniently suck juice or water in the bottle.
2. Brief Description of the Prior Art
Conventionally, a cap is threadedly connected to a threaded neck of a bottle so that when one wants to drink juice or water in the bottle, he/she should remove the cap and have the juice or water directly via the open top of the bottle. The threaded neck of the bottle is easily contaminated because users' mouths contact the threaded portion frequently. The cap also is easily get lost because the cap has to be removed from the bottle. Furthermore, once the threaded periphery of the cap is deformed, it will be difficult to mount it on the bottle. In addition, children cannot drink directly by putting a rim defining the open top of the bottle on their lips so that straws should always be carried with their parents.
The present invention intends to provide an improved cap assembly for a bottle to mitigate and/or obviate the above-mentioned problems.

Cap assembly having a sucking member for a bottle


A covering part made of a flexible material for an end area of a vehicle, particularly a passenger car, in sections, forms the outer skin of the vehicle body and, by way of laterally exterior, longitudinally directed sections, extends to adjoining wheel housings of the vehicle body. A simple fastening, which includes few components, for the laterally exterior, longitudinally directed sections of the covering part as well as an improved mounting and a relative insensitivity to tolerances are achieved. On each longitudinal side of the vehicle adjacent to the wheel housing, a holder is provided which is made of plastic. The holder is fastened on the vehicle body side. At the same time, the holder is used for fastening the upper edge area and the lower edge area of the longitudinally directed covering parts. In addition, the holder forms a partial wheel housing shell.

The invention relates to a covering part made of a flexible material for an end area of a vehicle, particularly of a passenger car. The covering part, in sections, forms the outer skin of the vehicle body and extends by way of laterally exterior, longitudinally directed sections to adjoining wheel housings of the vehicle body.
In the case of a known series-produced vehicle with a rear engine, such as Porsche 911, the rear-side bumper covering part extends by way of laterally exterior, longitudinally directed sections to the adjoining wheel housings of the vehicle body.
An upper edge area of the longitudinally directed section of the covering part is held in position by a rail on the adjoining rear side part, which is situated above it, by several fastening screws. For fixing the lower edge area, two bent tube bows made of sheet metal are provided which extend around the exhaust system and are fastened on the vehicle body above the exhaust system.
The covering part is installed from below on horizontally bent lower end areas of the tube bows and is held in position by means of fastening screws. For lining the interior side of the wheel housing, separately manufactured wheel housing shells are provided which are held in position by way of fastening elements on adjoining vehicle body parts.
For fixing the laterally exterior longitudinally directed sections of the covering part, this arrangement has the disadvantage that a large number of parts are required which cause a time-consuming and cost-intensive mounting, as well as tolerance problems.
It is an object of the invention to further develop the fastening of the laterally exterior, longitudinally directed sections of the end-side covering part such that, while the mounting is simplified, the number of parts is reduced and the tolerances are absorbed better. In addition, the expenditures for the construction and the fastening of the interior wheel housing shells are to be reduced.
According to the invention, this object, and others, are achieved by a covering part made of a flexible material for an end area of a vehicle, particularly a passenger car, which, in sections, forms the outer skin of the vehicle body and extends by way of laterally exterior, longitudinally directed sections to adjoining wheel housings of the vehicle body. On each longitudinal side of the vehicle adjacent to the wheel housing, a holder is provided which is made of plastic. The holder is fastened on the vehicle body side and is used simultaneously for fastening the upper edge area and the lower edge area of the longitudinally directed sections of the covering part. The holder also forms a partial wheel housing shell. Additional characteristics which develop the invention advantageously are described herein.
The principal advantages achieved by the present invention are that the number of parts is significantly reduced and the mounting is noticeably facilitated. This is a result of the arrangement of holders which are: (1) made of a plastic material, (2) provided on each longitudinal side of the vehicle adjacent to the wheel housing, and (3) simultaneously used for the fastening of the upper edge area and of the lower edge area of the longitudinally directed sections of the covering part. In addition, the sensitivity to tolerances is reduced. Using the holders, an upper clamped fastening and a lower screwed fastening of the longitudinally directed sections of the end-side covering part takes place. Since, in addition, the holders form partial wheel housing shells, the expenditures for the construction and fastening of the interior wheel housing shells are reduced.
The integrated partial wheel housing shell protects components disposed behind it, such as an exhaust system, an OBDII sensor with a cable connection, a ventilation housing for the interior and, in sections, the vehicle body paint coat, from thrown rocks and stones and splashing water. The integrated partial wheel housing shell additionally has a muffling effect.
In addition, the appearance in the wheel housing is significantly improved. By way of ventilation slots provided on the partial wheel housing shell, the air flowing out of the vehicle interior can escape to the outside.
The holders made of plastic, which form multifunction parts, can be manufactured in a simple and low-cost manner and can be mounted rapidly and easily on the stationary vehicle body part by way of several fastening points.
Other objects, advantages, and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Covering part made of a flexible material for an end area of a vehicle, particularly a passenger car


A pesticidal composition is provided in the form of an aqueous emulsion, containing: (a) an agriculturally active ingredient in which a retention rate is less than 50% after irradiation with xenon light (290 nm cutoff) at an intensity of 0.68 W/m2 at 340 nm for 8 hours; (b) a hydrophobic organic solvent; (c) a water-soluble polymer dispersing agent; and (d) water. Liquid droplets in which the agriculturally active ingredient is suspended or dissolved in the hydrophobic organic solvent are emulsified in an aqueous continuous phase. A weight ratio of the agriculturally active ingredient to the hydrophobic organic solvent is from 5:95 to 70:30. With this pesticidal composition, it is possible to inhibit photodegradation of the agriculturally active ingredient.

Various studies have hitherto been made for the purpose of inhibiting photodegradation of agriculturally active ingredients which are unstable against light. There have been known technologies in which stabilizers such as an ultraviolet absorber are added (see, for example, Patent Document 1). There is also known a pesticidal composition in the form of an aqueous emulsion, which contains a specific water-soluble polymer as a stabilizer in an aqueous continuous phase (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Pesticidal composition in the form of aqueous emulsion


An intelligent entrance guard unlocking method includes: transmitting electric energy of a power unit of a intelligent entrance guard in a wireless electromagnetic radiation via a transmit coil; receiving the electric energy via a receiver coil of a powerless smart key; capturing a palm print image and storing the palm print image in a second storage unit of the powerless smart key; controlling a wireless transmit unit of the powerless smart key to transmit a wireless signal containing the palm print image to the intelligent entrance guard; obtaining a predefined palm print image from a first storage unit and comparing the palm print image with the predefined palm print image; unlocking the intelligent entrance guard when the palm print image matches with the predefined palm print image and not unlocking the intelligent entrance guard when the palm print image does not match with the predefined palm print image.

In order to control entrance to a room or a device, a security system or admittance system can be implemented. Traditional systems have included a physical key. A physical key requires the operator to maintain possession of the physical key for both entrance and preventing others from entrance. Other systems involve electronic devices that communicate via wired or wireless technology. These systems can include batteries to operate.

Intelligent entrance guard unlocking system and unlocking method thereof


This application provides a pixel structure and a display device thereof. The pixel structure includes: a plurality of pixel regions, each of the pixel regions including a plurality of sub-pixels, the plurality of sub-pixels of each pixel area including the first sub-pixel, and the first sub-pixel is configured at the center of each pixel area; sub-pixels of the remaining colors in the plurality of sub-pixels of each pixel area are centered on the first sub-pixel, configured on both sides of the first sub-pixel; and a color filter layer including a plurality of color resist layers, where the plurality of color resist layers are arranged corresponding to positions and colors of the plurality of pixel regions.

The statements herein only provide background information related to this application, and do not necessarily constitute the prior art.
Due to many advantages, such as a thin body, power saving, and no radiation, etc., liquid crystal displays are widely used in the liquid crystal display industry, for example, used in liquid crystal TVs, mobile phones, personal digital assistants, digital cameras, computer screens, or laptop screens, etc., which dominate the field of panel displaying.
Various forms of pictures displayed on thin transistor liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCD) are formed through mixing of three primary colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), and different brightnesses thereof are achieved through control of liquid crystal rotation by using a voltage. In the prior art, a white tracking technology is adopted to add white (W) sub-pixels so as to provide transmittance, thereby adjusting a color temperature. However, using the white tracking technology requires expansion of memory of a TCON (a logic board), which increases power consumption of the timer control register (TCON), failing to save energy. In addition, because the white sub-pixel has no hue, and only increases light transmittance in the panel picture, changing the three primary colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) into four primary colors of red (R), green (G), blue (B), and white (W) sacrifices quality of the picture.
In a display picture of the TFT-LCD, since blue has a shorter wavelength, and has higher transmittance than red and green at a same voltage, blue brings people a display picture with a cold visual sense. Red and green have longer wavelengths than blue and are easier to be absorbed than blue. Therefore, mixing efficiency of the three primary colors of RGB is relatively low.
The TFT-LCD does not have a self-luminous function and requires a backlight module to provide a light source. However, backlight efficiency of a current TFT-LCD is relatively low. In order to ensure sufficient brightness, large backlight heat is generated.
Therefore, in the technical field of thin transistor liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCD), improving a color temperature of a display picture of a display panel, providing relatively good light transmittance, improving backlight efficiency, avoiding large backlight heat, and minimizing production costs are current purposes in the field of TFT-LCDs.

Pixel structure comprising two red sub-pixels having equal areas, two green sub-pixels having equal areas, and a blue sub-pixel having a greater area than the two green sub-pixels and a smaller area than the two red sub-pixels


An extensible iterative multiplier design is provided. Embodiments provide cascaded 8-bit multipliers for simplifying the performance of multi-byte multiplications. Booth encoding is performed in the lowest order multiplier, with the result of the Booth encoding then provided to higher order multipliers. Additionally, multiply-add operations can be performed by initializing a partial product sum register. Configurable connections between the multipliers facilitate a variety of possible multiplication options, including the possibility of varying the width of the operands.

The ability to perform sophisticated vector and scalar arithmetic operations in real time is an important aspect of computer systems. Often, however, this requirement is complicated by severe physical constraints upon the size, weight, power, and cooling of a specific computer system. Inherently, designers must compromise to achieve competing requirements. This compromise between different objectives (a computer's size/power or weight/heat ratios, for example) often results in processors with less than adequate performance. Since mathematical operations such as multiplication are essential in various and varied applications such as communications, cryptography, gaming, and digital video, the performance of a computer system is critical. Also, as mobile computing becomes more prevalent, issues such as circuit size and power consumption take on an even greater importance.
Multiplication algorithms vary, depending on the number system used. Numbers may be represented in many different ways. The simplest number systems may be unary numeral systems—such as tally marks—where the number of symbols represents the number. Sign-value notation systems, such as the Roman numeral system, use different symbols to represent different numbers; the value for each symbol is added, subtracted, or both, to determine the number represented. Positional systems, otherwise known as place-value notation, are more commonly used today.
Positional systems are based on a radix, or base, that is used to determine a value of a particular placement of a symbol. The numerical value of a position may be the radix taken to a power that is dependent on its position, or digit. Positional systems may include a radix point—the symbol "." is commonly used in the United States—placed immediately to the right of the zeroth position, the position having the value of (radix) 0 or one. Typically, if no radix point is included, the rightmost symbol is assumed to be the zeroth position. The value of a position can be determined by counting the number of positions to the left of the zeroth position and taking the radix to that power. The number represented can then be determined by multiplying the value of the symbol and the value of the symbol's position, and then summing the products of each digit, or position.
Any number can be used as the base, or radix, for a system of numerical representation, although typically positive integers are used. For example, though the most common number system in use today, which is usually referred to as the Arabic or Hindu-Arabic number system, has a base of 10 and uses the commonly known symbols of "0123456789," some ancient cultures such as the Babylonians and Sumerians used number systems with base 60 or base 12. Even today, digital computer systems commonly use a binary system with a base of 2 and computer scientists often use octal (base 8) or hexadecimal (base 16) number systems to re-encode numbers represented in binary into a more human-friendly form.


A self-locking belt retractor for a seat belt device of a motor vehicle with a belt shaft body and a profile head, and a blocking device with a blocking catch mounted on the profile head. When activated, the blocking device engages in a blocked position with a vehicle-affixed interlock for the purpose of blocking the belt shaft in the belt extension direction. A force-limiting device is disposed in the force transmission path from the belt shaft body to the blocking catch. The profile head is made as two parts, with a carrier component and an insert component which are affixed together. The insert component exhibits a higher resistance to deformation than the carrier component and, when the belt shaft is blocked, forms part of the force transmission path between the blocking catch and the force-limiting device.

Seat belt devices in motor vehicles serve to restrain a passenger in the event of an accident, to reduce serious injuries. The seat belt devices thereby include a seat belt, which is affixed to the vehicle at one end with an end fitting and affixed at the other end to a belt shaft of a belt retractor, which is affixed to the vehicle. Furthermore, a movable belt tongue is provided on the seat belt, which can be locked into a belt buckle, which is also affixed to the vehicle, in order to create a 3-point geometry.
The belt retractor can be blocked by a blocking device which is controlled by use of a vehicle-sensitive and/or belt-sensitive sensor device in the event of an accident where a predetermined acceleration value of the belt extension speed or predetermined deceleration value of the vehicle is exceeded, preventing further extension of the seat belt, and thus restraining the vehicle occupant. The blocking device includes a blocking catch, which can be engaged by the sensor device to interlock with the belt retractor in a vehicle-affixed manner. Furthermore, it is a known technique to provide one or more parallel or serial force-limiting devices in the belt retractor, which, when the belt shaft is blocked, allow for additional force-limited extension of the seat belt according to a predetermined force-limiting characteristic and thereby reduce the strain on the occupant during restraint.
To this end, the profile head is designed in two pieces and includes a carrier component, on which the blocking catch is mounted, and an insert component. The force-limiting devices are then disposed between the profile head insert component and the belt shaft body and are activated by the blocking of the profile head by use of the blocking catch and a subsequent exceedance of the belt extension force as defined by the force-limiting devices.
A proven embodiment of a force-limiting device is a torsion bar, which passes through a cavity of the belt shaft body and is non-rotatably fixed at one end to the belt shaft body and non-rotatably fixed at the other end with the profile head. For this force-limiting device, the force-limiting level is defined by the plastic deformation limit of the torsion bar for torque acting upon the longitudinal axis of the torsion bar. A belt retractor such as this is known from EP 2 409 882 A1, for example.
Furthermore, it is known from JP 5557367 B2 to provide a second force-limiting device acting in parallel with the torsion bar in the belt retractor.
The profile head carrier component can be used for the mounting of the belt shaft and exhibits a complex shape for guiding and mounting of the blocking catch. Furthermore, the blocking catch is supported on the profile head carrier component in its blocked position, and the profile head insert component must exhibit sufficient strength to absorb the reaction forces exerted upon it, so that it does not deform under load, or even break under extreme circumstances. In contrast, there is a fundamental effort to be able to produce the profile head as cost-effectively as possible as a mass-production part. With this background, the profile head carrier component is produced as a cast or sintered part out of a metal, preferably out of ZAMAK.
With this background, the objective of embodiments of the present invention is to produce a self-locking belt retractor for a seat belt device of a motor vehicle with a two-part profile head, which is cost-effective to produce and can be improved in terms of the requirements described at the outset.
The above described objective is met in accordance with the invention by a self-locking belt retractor with the described herein. Preferred embodiments of the invention are to be derived from the, the figures, and the associated descriptions.
According to a feature of embodiments of the invention, it is recommended that the profile head is made as two parts, with a carrier component and an insert component which is non-rotatably affixed to the carrier component, wherein the insert component exhibits a higher resistance to deformation than the carrier component and, when the belt shaft is blocked, forms a connection between the blocking catch and the force-limiting device.
With the recommended solution, the belt retractor can be designed better with respect to the requirements, in that the profile head is designed as two components, wherein the carrier component is specially designed with consideration of the mounting and guiding of the blocking catch, while the insert component is specially designed for receiving and transmitting the reaction forces. The functions of mounting and guiding the blocking catch are thereby practically separated from the function of force transmission. To this end, the insert component specially exhibits a higher deformation resistance than the carrier component and, in the blocked state of the blocking catch, forms the force transfer connection between the blocking catch and the force-limiting device. The force exerted by the belt shaft body is introduced via the insert component with bridging of the carrier component directly through the blocking catch into the vehicle-affixed interlock. The carrier component of the profile head can thereby be optimized with respect to the choice of material, the manufacturing process, and especially with respect to the forming process and the associated costs, without taking into account the reaction forces which must be absorbed. The assembly of the two-component profile head and the insert component thus constitutes a hybrid, which with respect to the requirements can be designed better.
It is further recommended that the blocking catch is mounted on the carrier component in a swivel plane such that it can swivel, and the insert component protrudes into the swivel plane. The swivel plane is defined by the swiveling motion performed by the blocking catch from its non-blocked position into its blocked position and meshing with the vehicle-affixed interlock, which is also disposed in the swivel plane. The swivel plane is favorably located perpendicular to the rotational axis of the belt shaft. With the recommended disposition of the insert component, the blocking catch is thus supported in a plane on the vehicle-affixed interlock as well as on the insert component. The reaction forces absorbed by the insert component thus work in the same plane as the blocking forces working between the blocking catch and the vehicle-affixed interlock. Put another way, the blocking force emanating from the vehicle-affixed interlock is conducted via the blocking catch into the insert component without any diversion.
It is further recommended that the insert component exhibits a fixing section, and the carrier component exhibits a second recess which corresponds in shape to the shape of the fixing section and with which the insert component with the fixing section engages to form a positive-locking connection. With the recommended solution, the insert component and the profile head form a non-rotatable connection until activation of the force-limiting device. If the insert component is also non-rotatably connected to the belt shaft body, it also serves to provide a non-rotatable connection of the profile head with the belt shaft body up to the force-limiting level defined by the force-limiting device. As the insert component in the area of the fixing section is intentionally designed and disposed to absorb the reaction forces, the blocking of the belt shaft takes place reliably and without placing load on the carrier component of the profile head.
In this case, the fixing section and the second recess can preferably be designed in a star shape. With the recommended solution, a very solid, direction-neutral, and large-surface connection of the insert component with the carrier component can be achieved.
It is further recommended that the blocking catch is mounted in a first recess of the carrier component, and that the first recess exhibits an opening through which the blocking catch abuts the insert component. The first recess exhibits a special contour, through which the movement of the blocking catch is, inter alia, guided into the blocked position. To this end, the blocking catch must necessarily rest on one or more walls of the first recess in its various positions, so that no uncontrolled or undesired movements can occur. According to the invention, at least one wall of the first recess, which is very important for guiding the blocking catch, is now interrupted by an opening, so that the blocking catch with bridging of the carrier component can preferably rest or come to rest directly on the insert component.
It is further recommended that the activation of the force-limiting device is limited by a stop, whereby a progressive force-limiting characteristic or also stop characteristic (LLS) can be achieved.
It is further recommended that the insert component exhibits a thread which is coaxial to a rotational axis of the belt shaft body in its assembled state, with which it is screwed together with a correspondingly shaped thread of the belt shaft body for the purpose of enabling relative rotational movement. Through this threaded connection, an axial connection of the insert component with the belt shaft body is achieved. Additionally, with an appropriate choice of thread direction it is possible that the belt shaft body performs a predetermined relative rotational movement and thereby a forced axial movement in relation to the insert component when the force-limiting device is active.
In this case, the stop can thus preferably be disposed such that it limits the relative rotational movement enabled by the thread. This can be achieved, for example, in that the thread pair is pulled flush, or that a stop is provided on one of the threads to block further rotational movement. Thus the load limiting element (torsion bar) is not capable of further torsional deformation and the load on the associated seat belt can increase beyond the set load limiting threshold.
It is further recommended that the insert component is designed as a steel component, which can preferably be produced by cold forming. Due to the very high durability of steel and especially due to the much higher durability compared to sintered parts and especially compared to ZAMAK, the insert component can thus absorb significantly more force than the carrier component, which in turn can be produced very cost-effectively as a sintered part with a very complex shape. Furthermore, the thread on the insert component can thus be formed during the production process of the insert component, without the need for additional post-processing.
It is further recommended that the insert component is pressed over protruding projections in correspondingly shaped openings of the carrier component. The insert component and the carrier component thus form a connection and can be regarded as a two-part profile head as an assembly which is fixed against rotation up to a certain force.

Self-locking belt retractor for a seat belt device of a motor vehicle


Disclosed is a flat battery which includes power generating element 18 accommodated in an inner space formed by sealing outer peripheral edges of package members 16 and 17, collector 11a, 13a connected to an electrode plate of power generating element 18 and an electrode tab 14, 15 taken out from the outer peripheral edges of package members 16 and 17. Electrode tab 14, 15 has conducting portion 151 overlapping and joined to collector 11a, 13a and stress relieving portion 152 formed of a material having higher elasticity than that of conducting portion 151. It is thus possible to prevent the occurrence of wrinkles in collector 11a, 13a or electrode tab 14, 15 and separations in weld joints due to a difference in expansion/contraction rate between collector 11a, 13a and electrode tab 14, 15.

A cylindrical battery is known in which an arc-shaped slit is formed in a circular conductive tab such that, even when a cover of the battery is swollen due to an increase in internal pressure, the tab can be bent at a center thereof by the slit without interfering with a plurality of weld joints (see Patent Document 1).
On the other hand, a thin battery (flat battery) is known in which positive and negative electrode tabs (electrode terminals) have one ends taken out of a laminate package of the battery and the other ends welded by ultrasonic welding to collectors of positive and negative electrode plates of a power generating element of the battery.
In the flat battery, however, there arises a difference in expansion/contraction rate between the electrode tab and the collectors when the electrode tab and the collectors are subjected to load or high temperature during the welding. This can cause wrinkles in the collectors and separations in the weld joints between the collectors and the electrode tab.


A display apparatus is provided. The display apparatus is an assembly of a display panel, a chassis, a circuit board and a board connection member. During operation, the display panel produces an image. The chassis includes a base supporting the display panel at the rear of the display panel, and a first protrusion protruding from the base in a direction away from the display panel. The circuit board is fixed at a position that is spaced apart from a rear surface of the chassis by a given gap and functions to electronically drive the display panel. The board connection member includes a chassis fixing portion, a board fixing portion and a connection supporter. The chassis fixing portion is connected to the first protrusion, the board fixing portion is connected to the circuit board, and the connection supporter is arranged between the circuit board and the chassis and connects the chassis fixing portion and the board fixing portion. Thus, the board connection members are used to fix the circuit board to the chassis during assembly.

1. Field of the Invention
Certain inventive aspects relate to a display apparatus, and more particularly, to a display apparatus including a display panel for producing an image, a chassis arranged at the rear of the display panel to thereby support the display panel, and circuit boards arranged spaced apart from the chassis by a predetermined gap and connected to the display panel.
2. Description of the Related Technology
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a structure by which a circuit board is connected and fixed to a chassis in a conventional plasma display apparatus.
Referring to FIG. 1, a plasma display apparatus 10 includes a display panel 20, a chassis 40 and circuit boards 50. The display panel 20 produces an image, and the chassis 40 is arranged at the rear of the display panel 20 and supports the display panel 20.
The circuit boards 50 are arranged at the rear of the chassis 40, and drive the display panel 20. A connection cable is connected between the circuit boards 50, and and the display panel 20.
Semiconductor devices are installed on the circuit board 50. In this case, pins on the semiconductor device protrude from the rear side of the circuit board 50 through the board and out the front side. In order to prevent such pins from contacting the rear surface of the chassis 40, thereby causing an electrical short, the circuit board 50 must be spaced apart from the chassis 40 by a predetermined gap.
Accordingly, bosses 89 of a predetermined height are formed on the chassis 40, and holes 50h are formed at portions of the circuit board 50 corresponding to the bosses 89. When the circuit board 50 is fixed to the chassis 40, screws 99 are inserted through the holes 50h of the circuit board 50 into the bosses 89, whereby a gap corresponding to the height of the boss 89 is formed between the chassis 40 and the circuit board 50.
In order to fix the circuit board 50 to the chassis 40, the screws 99 should be fixed to the bosses 89 by their rotation after passing through the holes 50h. However, such a screwing task requires quite a bit of time, and the circuit board 50 may be damaged by mistakes made during the task. Moreover, when many screws 99 are needed for the circuit board 50 to be able to endure vibration/drop tests, the screwing task requires much more time, whereby the manufacturing cost for the plasma display apparatus is greatly increased. In addition, the chassis 40 is generally manufactured through a press mold or a casting mold. In this case, an additional process and cost is required to form the bosses 89 in such a mold.
Generally, the chassis 40 is made of metal so as to support the display panel 20 and to function as a heat exhaust plate. Recently, the chassis 40 has been made of aluminum so as to reduce the weight of the plasma display apparatus and to increase the heat exhaustion properties thereof. However, a chassis 40 made of aluminum tends to flex because it has a relatively large surface area in comparison to its thickness. Accordingly, so as to increase the rigidity of the chassis 40, a reinforcement member 45 is formed on a rear surface of the chassis 40. However, the reinforcement member 45 needs an additional fixing process. Also, the reinforcement member 45 increases the thickness of the chassis 40 and consequently increases the total thickness of the plasma display apparatus.
The circuit boards 50 may need to be arranged spaced apart from the rear surface of the chassis 40 by different gaps according to heat generation values of devices mounted thereon. In this case, the bosses 89 used for the circuit boards 50 should have different heights according to the corresponding circuit boards 50. Specifically, when the bosses 89 are separately manufactured and then fixed to the rear surface of the chassis 40, the manufacturing process of the plasma display apparatus becomes more complex, and consequently the manufacturing time and cost is undesirably increased.


The invention relates, among other aspects, to a motor-vehicle top (10) comprising a flexible cover layer (11) that provides an outer face of the top with a cutout provided therein, and at least one window is provided in the cutout, particularly a rear window (12), a circumferential edge region of the cover layer being connected to an outer window edge by a polyurethane bead (13), and wherein the polyurethane bead is synthesized by reacting an isocyanate component with a polyol component, the polyol component comprising at least the following constituents:                a) polyols, herein polyetherols and/or polyesterols;        b) a propellant;        c) a lead-free catalyst.

For decades, the applicant has been developing and manufacturing convertible tops for motor vehicles. Over the course of about the past 15 years, in particular, the applicant has been using a polyurethane sealing compound on a large scale for connecting sections of tops to other elements, particularly to the rear window of a motor vehicle.
The invention relates to a soft top, meaning a convertible roof construction that provides for at least one flexible, particularly textile, top layer. The invention thus relates to tops with only one top layer, as well as tops with an outer and an inner top layer and possibly, in addition, further cover layers.
Typically, when the roof is closed, the top is braced by a plurality of convertible bows and held taut in order to ensure the integrity of the shape of the convertible top. To open the roof, the bows are moved, for example, manually, in part with the assistance of a cable control, loops, rigid or elastic elements that connect the cover layer sections to other elements, linkages, and the like that entrain the top sections, controllably gather, fold or deposit them, if necessary, compressing them for stowing purposes. The folded top can be stowed when the roof is open, for example, under a trunk lid or under a so-called tonneau cover. More recently, tops have become known that use electrical drive and control mechanisms to allow for a fully automated opening and closing of the top.
A window is typically provided at least in the rear of the convertible top to provide the driver and passengers alike with a view toward the rear. However, the invention also relates to tops for motor vehicles that include, only or in additional to the rear window, one or several side windows such as, for example, transparent or translucent elements provided at the C columns.
The invention relates to the special configuration of the fastening and connecting area between such a window that is provided in the convertible top and the layer of the top that surrounds the window.
Over the life of the vehicle, this connecting area is subject to enormous stresses that challenge mechanical stability. On the one hand, this connecting area is exposed to special mechanical and climate-dependent stresses; on the other hand, it is especially this connecting area that must ensure the absolute and permanent tightness of the seal, provide sufficient stability even in a collision and must, finally, also ensure compliance with high standards that are demanded regarding a desired appearance.
Specification DE 197 24 592 [U.S. Pat. No. 6,082,807] by the applicant discloses a convertible top of a vehicle that provides for a connection between the window and the top made of a PUR cast resin bead element. The PUR cast resin bead element that is described therein is produced by a two-component casting method.


An electrical connector includes a housing and a plurality of contacts within the housing that are configured to engage with mating contacts of a mating connector. The contacts form at least a first differential pair and a second differential pair. The electrical connector also includes a circuit board housed within the housing. The circuit board has a substrate body formed from a dielectric material and includes a first trace electrically coupled to a contact of the first differential pair and a second trace electrically coupled to a contact of the second differential pair. At least one of the first and second traces is an open-ended trace. The circuit board also has a non-ohmic plate that is positioned adjacent to the traces. The plate is positioned to electromagnetically couple the first and second traces to each other and the non-ohmic plate and traces are configured for a desired electrical performance.

The subject matter herein relates generally to electrical connectors, and more particularly, to electrical connectors that have circuit boards and that utilize differential pairs.
Electrical connectors are commonly used in telecommunication systems. The electrical connectors, such as modular jacks and modular plugs, may provide interfaces between successive runs of cable in such systems and between cables and electronic devices. The electrical connectors may include contacts that are arranged according to known industry standards, such as Electronics Industries Alliance/Telecommunications Industry Association ("EIA/TIA")-568. The electrical connectors have traditionally been used for data transmission, wherein the performance of the electrical connectors may be negatively affected by, for example, near-end crosstalk (NeXT) and/or return loss.
To compensate for the crosstalk and/or to improve the return loss, known techniques have focused on arranging the contacts within the housing of the electrical connector to provide desired effects. In one known electrical connector, non-ohmic traces have been added and positioned next to the contacts on a circuit board within the housing. A non-ohmic trace represents a trace that is not electrically connected to the contacts or to ground. The non-ohmic trace may be used to reduce the effects of crosstalk by promoting capacitative and/or inductive energy coupling between the non-ohmic trace and adjacent contacts. In the known art, the non-ohmic traces are located laterally along the sides of the contact, thereby forming edge-to-edge coupling with the contacts. However, the known electrical connector has not been able to effectively use the non-ohmic trace to improve performance and, in fact, the non-ohmic traces have afforded a limited effect on the electrical performance.
Thus, there is a need for alternative means to improve the electrical performance of the connector, such as by reducing crosstalk and/or improving return loss. In particular, there is a need to improve or maximize the effectiveness of a non-ohmic trace that is positioned adjacent to electrical contacts.

Electrical connectors and circuit boards having non-ohmic plates


An improved court perimeter boundary for volleyball or other sports comprises at least one indicator that indicates a hypotenuse distance to be used in squaring the court delimited by the boundary. Optionally, the perimeter boundary may be separated, facilitating the setup of the court and the winding of the boundary for storage. A method of setting up a volleyball court is also described.

FIG. 1 shows an outdoor volleyball court 100. The typical court is a rectangular area about 9 meters (29.53 feet) in width by 18 meters (59.06 feet) in length, outlined by perimeter court boundary 101 and bisected by a net 102. Often, the court perimeter boundary 101 is formed by a flexible rope or tape, anchored to the ground at the corners. The flexible perimeter boundary material aids in play because motion of the boundary when it is hit by a falling ball makes it easy to determine whether a ball has fallen in bounds or out of bounds.
Different volleyball organizations may use somewhat different court sizes. For example, outdoor professional beach volleyball in the United States is often played on a court that is 8×16 meters (26.25 by 52.49 feet).
In any case, the court perimeter boundary 101 should outline a rectangle, each corner forming a right angle. If the figure formed by the perimeter boundary 101 is not an accurate rectangle, for example if the figure is a parallelogram or other shape, the game may be made more difficult or unfair.


A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) comprises a supply voltage node, configured to receive a supply voltage, a VCO output capacitor, configured to provide an oscillating output voltage across the capacitor, a discharge switch configured to discharge the capacitor according to an oscillation frequency of the oscillating output voltage, and a comparator circuit configured to provide, to a control terminal of the discharge switch, a control signal that is determined based on a comparison of the output voltage and a specified threshold voltage. The oscillating output voltage includes a pulse having a ramp slope that is determined as a function of a magnitude of the supply voltage, and is capable of being adjusted independently of the oscillation frequency.

An electronic oscillation circuit provides an oscillating electric output signal, often in response to a control signal that adjusts one or more characteristics of the oscillating electric output signal. An electronic oscillation circuit can include, for example, a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) circuit, or a current-controlled oscillator circuit. Oscillating electric output signal characteristics can include, among others, signal amplitude, frequency, or waveform morphology.
In an example, a voltage-controlled oscillator provides an oscillating electric output signal determined, at least in part, by a voltage control input signal. For instance, an amplitude of a voltage control input signal can correspond to a frequency of the oscillating electric output signal, and a change in the amplitude of the voltage control input signal can correspond to a change in the frequency of the oscillating electric output signal. In other examples, an electronic oscillation circuit can be controlled by a current control input signal, such that a change in the current control input signal corresponds to a change in the frequency of the oscillating electric output signal.
Some examples of signals that can be generated by electronic oscillation circuits include processor clock signals, signals configured for wired and wireless communications, system synchronization signals, and audio signals, among others. VCOs are used in control systems, such as in phase-locked loop (PLL) circuits. In an example, a PLL circuit includes a PLL output that is fed back to a PLL input, and a reference input. The PLL output signal has a phase that is generated using a VCO and is based on a comparison of a reference signal phase and the PLL output signal phase.

Oscillator circuit with output slope proportional to supply voltage


A warning system and method are provided. The warning system includes a plurality of sensing apparatuses and a server. The sensing apparatuses are used for sensing a driving trajectory of each of a plurality of two-wheeled vehicles. The server compares the driving trajectories with an accident hotspot list to determine whether at least one first driving trajectory matches an accident hotspot location, wherein the accident hotspot list is generated by a plurality of driving behavior events corresponding to each of the two-wheeled vehicles. The server generates a warning message to remind a first driver of a first two-wheeled vehicle corresponding to the at least one first driving trajectory when determining that the at least one first driving trajectory matches the accident hotspot location.

Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a warning system and method. More particularly, the present invention relates to a warning system and method based on a driving trajectory.
Description of Related Art
Two-wheeled vehicles are an important means of transportation and the two-wheeled vehicles are widely used in road transportation. However, the dangerous driving behavior of the two-wheeled vehicles will not only endanger the safety of the driver and the other people on the road but also indirectly affect the use efficiency of the road and increase the burden on the traffic police.
Accordingly, there is an urgent need for a technology that can provide a mechanism to use big data to analyze the dangerous driving behavior of the two-wheeled vehicle and automatically generate a warning message to remind the driver to reduce the dangerous driving behavior.

Warning system and method for two-wheeled vehicle


Concepts and technologies disclosed herein are directed to pictograms as digitally recognizable tangible controls. According to one aspect disclosed herein, a user system can include a processing component and a memory component. The memory component can include instructions of a pictogram digitization module. The user system can capture, via a camera component, an image containing a pictogram that is a digitally recognizable tangible manifestation of a digital control. The user system can determine, via the pictogram digitization module, the digital control associated with the pictogram. The user system can implement, via the pictogram digitization module, the digital control. The digital control can include a digital content, an action, or a context. The user system can create, via the pictogram digitization module, a digital interface that includes the digital control. In some embodiments, the pictogram includes a formal pictogram. In other embodiments, the pictogram includes an informal pictogram.

Human-machine interfaces enable humans to interact with machines such as computers, vehicles, smartphones, kiosks, and other systems and devices. Human-machine interfaces allow users to provide input to a machine and receive a corresponding output from the machine. A keyboard is one of the most common and widely used human-machine interfaces. Input provided via a keyboard can be interpreted by a computer application that performs some action in response. For example, a series of key presses on a keyboard can be interpreted by a word processing application as letters to be presented on a display. Other common human-machine interfaces include computer mice, video game controllers, touchpads, and touchscreens.
Over the past several years, human-machine interfaces have become increasingly less tangible, foregoing analog controls for digitized controls. This is evidenced by the proliferation of touchscreens in everything from smartphones to vehicle infotainment and HVAC controls. Since touchscreens lack inherent feedback, many touchscreens utilize a haptic feedback layer to provide tangible feedback to users. In addition to touch, gesture-based control systems that utilize free space gestures have been incorporated into many applications. While these gestures are unique, intuitive, and may be entertaining as a novel feature, no tangible feedback is provided to the user in response the gestures performed.

Pictograms as digitally recognizable tangible controls


Techniques for monitoring a distortion signal of a power amplifier circuit, where the output of a distortion monitoring circuit includes little or no fundamental signal and closely represents the actual distortion of the amplifier circuit of a wired communications system. The power amplifier circuit can generate a distortion feedback signal that does not affect the power amplifier's output power capability, e.g., no inherent loss in the fundamental output of the amplifier. That is, using a distortion monitor circuit, the power amplifier circuit can resolve a distortion feedback signal from the intended output signal of the output power amplifier circuit.

Certain communication devices transmit and receive signals over a wired communication medium, such as a telephone or cable line. These communication devices can include a transmitter and a receiver (sometimes referred to collectively as a transceiver) coupled to the communication medium through a line interface. Among other things, the line interface generally acts as the electrical interface between the transceiver and the line.
Transmitted signals can be reflected back to the receiver so as to constitute part of the received signals. These reflected signals are often referred to as "echoes." To improve the dynamic range of the receiver, it can be desirable to monitor and cancel these echoes at the transmitter.

Power amplifier with nulling monitor circuit


Systems and methods for processing transactions using a digital payment platform.

The rise of digital payment platforms has made it easier and cheaper for customers and merchants to complete transactions. However, these digital payment platforms evolved in a different ecosystem from conventional payment processing architectures (such as credit card systems), and have thus been unable to integrate with the conventional payment processing architectures, due to differences between the ecosystems' transaction flow, how funds are custodied, and stakeholder capabilities.
For example, conventional payment processing architectures settle to conventional merchant banks, while digital payment platforms directly settle transactions between user and merchant accounts supported by the digital payment platform. In another example, digital payment platforms invert the traditional payment processing flow—instead of the merchant sending the user's payment information to the payment processor (as in conventional payment processing architectures), wherein the payment processor processes the transaction, digital payment platforms require the user to send the transaction information to the digital payment platform, wherein the digital payment platform processes the transaction.
These architectural and capability differences have precluded digital payment platforms from seamlessly integrating with conventional payment processing architectures, which can be desirable to enable customers to transact with a wider range of merchants (e.g., merchants that have been connected to the conventional payment processing architectures, but not to the digital payment platforms), without requiring the merchants to change their accounting or banking practices.
This invention provides such new and useful system and method to bridge the digital payment platform into the conventional payment processing architectures.


The crystal oscillator has a configuration where circuit elements including a crystal unit are arranged on a mounting board comprising external terminals, opening end faces of a concave metal cover are made to touch the surface of the mounting board, clearances from the opening end faces are comprised in the central regions at both ends in the width direction of the metal cover, protruding parts, which extend from the opening end faces and have a protrusion on an inner face, are comprised at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the metal cover, and each of the protruding parts is elastically inserted in a groove provided on both side faces in the longitudinal direction of the mounting board 1 and bonded by solder, wherein the tip side of each protrusion is thrust and bites into a metal film provided in the groove.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a technique of a crystal oscillator composed of discrete elements, and more particularly, to a technique for preventing a metal cover, which is used for a surface-mount oscillator of a voltage control type, from separating at the time of solder reflow.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, a surface-mount crystal oscillator (surface-mount oscillator) of a voltage control type has been incorporated into various types of electronic appliances, for example, as a reference frequency source of a PLL circuit, since its oscillation frequency in response to a control voltage is stable owing to a crystal unit.
FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams explaining a conventional example of a surface-mount oscillator. FIG. 1A is its disassembled view, whereas FIG. 1B is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of both ends taken along a line A-A of FIG. 1A.
A surface-mount oscillator has a configuration where a crystal unit 2a, an IC 2b, and other circuit elements 2c are arranged on a mounting board 1, which is covered with a metal cover 3. The mounting board 1 is rectangular in shape when viewed from a plane, and comprises at least four external terminals not shown on an outer bottom of both sides of a width direction. Each of the external terminals extends to the outer bottom via a side electrode 5 provided in a groove 4a in a central region.
The metal cover 3 is concave in shape, and comprises clearances 6 from opening end faces at both sides in the width direction, and the opening end faces are made to touch the perimeter surface of the mounting board 1. In central portions at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the metal cover 3, protruding parts 8, each of which has a protrusion 7 provided on an inner face, are comprised. Each of the protruding parts 8 is elastically inserted in a groove 4b provided on both side faces in the longitudinal direction of the mounting board 1.
The groove 4b has a bottom wall layer on the side of the outer bottom, and a metal film 9 the material of which is the same as the side electrode 5 is provided on the entire inner face. The primary coat of the metal film 9 is, for example, Cu (copper), and its surface is Au-plated. Each of the protruding parts 8 of the metal cover 3 is bonded to the metal film 9 of the groove 4b by solder 10 from the outer surface. Note that the groove 4b is broader than the width of the protruding part 8. As a result, the solder 10 comes inside from the perimeter of the protruding part 8, and entirely bonds to the metal film 9.
Also protruding parts 11 for alignment are provided on both side faces at one end in the longitudinal direction of the metal cover 3. Each of the protruding parts 11 is inserted in a groove 4c of the mounting board 1, so that the metal cover 3 is pre-aligned. Such surface-mount oscillators are mounted on a set board not shown, for example, with solder reflow. The solder includes lead-free solder.
Additionally, the proposal recited in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 2005-151536 is made.
However, the surface-mount oscillator having the above described configuration has a problem that the metal cover 3 is separated or displaced due to the melting of also solder coated on the grooves 4b at both sides in the longitudinal direction at the time of user's mounting with solder reflow. This problem conspicuously occurs, for example, when a user mounts surface-mount components on a set board the both surfaces of which are used for mounting.
Namely, this problem is caused, for example, by an upside-down surface-mount oscillator that is beforehand provided on one surface of a set board, which is then reversed when other surface-mount components are solder-reflowed on another surface. Namely, this problem occurs due to the low elastic force of the protrusions 7 of the protruding parts 8 in the surface-mount oscillator.


A lightweight composite fairing bar (14) for use in fabricating a composite component (16) of an aircraft. The fairing bar (14) includes a core (18) and an elongated outer shell (20) surrounding the core (18). The outer shell (20) is comprised of a laminate material, and the core (18) is comprised of epoxy syntactic foam having a lower density than that of the laminate material. The outer shell (20) is configured for supporting the composite component (16) during the manufacture of the same.

Composite components can play an important role in the aerospace industry and manufacturing communities. With specific regard to the aerospace industry, composite components such as nacelles can provide significant strength and beneficial stiffness-to-density ratios, and hence improve the performance of an aircraft.
A typical composite component is fabricated from an uncured laminate with the assistance of fairing bars. In particular, the periphery of the laminate typically is surrounded by a series of fairing bars with a vacuum bag encapsulating the laminate and the bars. This assembly can receive a negative pressure for extracting excess resin from the laminate. The fairing bars typically are utilized for preventing the vacuum bag from breaking over voids or gaps along the edges of the laminate. Also, the fairing bars typically provide lateral support to the laminate and prevent the side portions of the laminate and its internal structures from being crushed in a chain reaction as negative pressure is applied.
Existing fairing bars are comprised of solid metal or solid laminate material. In this way, the fairing bars can be relatively heavy and may require a somewhat lengthy flow time.
It would, therefore, be highly desirable to provide a lightweight composite fairing bar having a short flow time and decreased costs in connection therewith.

Lightweight composite fairing bar and method for manufacturing the same


A process for structuring at least one layer as well as an electrical component with structures from the layer are described.

A process for structuring at least one layer as well as an electrical component with structures from the layer are described.
In the production of semiconductor structures and electrical components, it is frequently necessary to structure at least two structures in one layer. Frequently, a separate photoresist is applied onto the layer for each structure being produced. It is exposed, developed and then the structure of the photoresist is transferred into the layer. Such procedures are time intensive and complicated, since they require the separate application of two photoresist layers as well as the separate structuring of the first and second structures out of at least one layer.

Process for structuring at least one year as well as electrical component with structures from the layer

Abstract: The invention states a process to generate at least one structured layer (10A), wherein a mask structure (20) with a first (20A) and second structure (20B) is generated on a layer (10) which is present on a substrate (5). Through this mask structure (20), the first layer (20A) is transferred onto the layer (10) using isotropic structuring processes, and the second structure (20B) is transferred onto the layer (10) using anisotropic structuring processes. The process as per the invention permits the generation of two structures (20A, 20B) in at least a single layer while using a single mask structure.


Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and apparatus for allocating an uplink resource, which may schedule the NB-IoT terminal and the eMTC terminal to commonly use the uplink physical resource block configured to the NB-IoT terminal and the uplink physical resource block configured to the eMTC terminal, such that the utilization of the uplink frequency is enhanced and an uplink capacity of the cell is also improved, while guaranteeing normal operation of the cell network.

With expedite development in recent years, IoT (Internet of Things) have become well known to people. IoT network deployment will explode in the coming several years. Many communication operators have developed their commercial deployment planning. In the future, a considerable number of IoT terminals will be accessed to the IoT network.
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) provides two kinds of technologies to support IoT cellular network. One is enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC), also referred to as CAT-M (LTE UE Category Machine); and the other is Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT). As IoT user terminals of both types i.e., eMTC and NB-IoT, will be present in the IoT network, an LTE wireless communication network is required to support both eMTC terminals and NB-IoT terminals. This also means that more frequency resources need to be allocated to support eMTC and NB-IoT, with one frequency band for eMTC and the other frequency band for NB-IoT. Therefore, it is a task worthy of study regarding how to simultaneously support eMTC and NB-IoT with efficient utilization of frequency resources and with fewer frequency resources.

Method and apparatus for allocating uplink resources


An absorption heat pump apparatus using a refrigerant as a heat exchanging medium includes a vapor generator for producing a dilute refrigerant solution and a heat exchanger having an evaporator for producing evaporated refrigerant gas and an absorber for making the evaporated refrigerant gas to be absorbed into the dilute refrigerant solution. A plurality refrigerant paths extending inside the evaporator and absorber for flowing the refrigerant inside for heat exchange operation. Each inlet end of refrigerant paths is connected to an inlet before the evaporator by a plurality of first capillary paths. Each outlet end of refrigerant paths is joined to an outlet. A plurality of second capillary paths are connected to the refrigerant paths before the absorber for supplying the dilute refrigerant solution to the absorber. When passing through the capillary paths, the refrigerant is cooled due to the pressure loss.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a heat pump apparatus using gas or solar heat as the heat source to obtain a chilled water or cooling air and, more particularly, to an absorption heat pump using a medium that operates primarily at atmospheric pressure or above.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In FIG. 6, an example of conventional absorption heat pump apparatus 200 is shown. The rich solution, with a high refrigerant concentration, which is pressurized by the solution pump 201 recovers the absorption heat from the heat absorber 202, and then the solution temperature rises. At the solution heat exchanger 203, the temperature of the concentrated rich solution further rises by the sensible heat of the poor solution, which is low refrigerant concentration flowing from the rectifier 205. The rich solution then flows into the generator 204, and is externally heated.
The rich solution thus heated through the absorber 202, solution heat exchanger 203, and generator 204 produces refrigerant vapor at the generator 204. The rich solution in vapor-liquid two phase state flows into the rectifier 205. The rectifier 205 separates the vapor and liquid, outputs the refrigerant vapor to the condenser 206, and returns the poor solution having a reduced refrigerant content to the solution heat exchanger 203. The function of the rectifier 205 is to liquefy the vapor of the medium contained in the refrigerant vapor to supply high purity refrigerant vapor to the condenser 206.
As described above, the sensible heat extracted from the poor solution flowing out from the rectifier 205 is applied to the rich solution, thus lowering the temperature of the poor solution supplied to the absorber 202. The high purity refrigerant vapor produced by the rectifier 205 flows out to the condenser 206, and the heat is externally discharged to liquefy the vapor. Thereafter, the pressure is reduced by the expansion valve 207, cooling the fluid which then flows into the evaporator 208. The evaporator 208 takes heat from the outside of the heat pump system to evaporate the solution, and returns the poor solution to the absorber 2.
In general, a pre-cooler 209 is provided in the solution paths between the condenser 206 and the expansion valve and between the evaporator 208 and the absorber 202. The pre-cooler 209 exchanges heat between the low temperature refrigerant vapor from the evaporator 208 and the high temperature fluid refrigerant from the condenser 206 in order to increase the cooling effect of the evaporator 208. The refrigerant vapor that passes the pre-cooler 209 returns to the absorber 202. In the absorber 202, the refrigerant vapor is absorbed into the poor solution returning from the solution heat exchanger 203, part of the absorption heat generated in this process is applied to the rich solution, and the remaining heat is vented outside the system. With the absorption heat pump apparatus thus described, the cold heat of the evaporator 208 is used for both cooling and freezing, and the waste heat of the condenser 206 and absorber 202 is used for heating or hot water supply.
When the pressure differential between the evaporator 208 and absorber 202 becomes great in an absorption heat pump apparatus, the temperature of the absorber 202 must be lowered even more to obtain the same evaporation temperature. As a result, it is necessary to reduce the pressure loss of the evaporator 208 and absorber 202, and in general the evaporator 208, pre-cooler 209, and absorber 202 are constructed with plural parallel refrigerant flow lines as shown by the dotted lines in the figure.
However, in a conventional absorption heat pump apparatus thus comprised, the refrigerant branching into each of the parallel refrigerant flow lines is not even, and particularly in the absorber 202 branching of the refrigerant vapor and the poor solution flowing from the solution heat exchanger 203 is important, it is extremely difficult to assure uniform branching of both, and the characteristics of each heat exchanger cannot be effectively used, reducing capacity and efficiency.

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


A haymaking machine, particularly a windrower of cut plants comprises a support mount which is attached to a frame that is adapted to be coupled to a hydraulic power lift of a tractor. At least one raking wheel being connected to one end of the support mount. The haymaking machine further comprises a protective device which extends at least partially around the at least one raking wheel and a deflector which works with the at least one raking wheel and limits a lateral ejection of cut plants. The haymaking machine further includes an adjusting mechanism for adjusting a position of the deflector with respect to the at least one raking wheel. The adjusting mechanism comprising a hydraulic cylinder which is connected to the deflector for changing the position of the deflector with respect to the at least one raking wheel.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a haymaking machine, particularly a windrower of cut plants, comprising a support mount, at least one raking wheel, a protective device which extends at least partially around the raking wheel and a deflector which works with the raking wheel and whose position in relation to the raking wheel is adjustable.
2. Description of the Related Art
On a known machine of this type, the adjustments of the deflector must be performed by hand. The adjustments have as their object to move the deflector farther away from or closer to the raking wheel, as a function of the volume of the plants present, to form the windrow well and/or to transfer the deflector from the work position to the transport position and vice versa.
These operations require the stopping of the tractor and of the machine and movements on the part of the user. Actually, for each adjustment, the user must get down off the tractor. Consequently, these operations quickly become tiresome and time consuming for the users. For these reasons they are often neglected, which adversely affects the quality of work and is unsafe for the users.
On the other hand, if the width of the machine is considerable, the dimensions of the raking wheel and the protective device must be reduced for transport on the road, in particular. The transfer operations which are necessary for this, as well as those that must be performed to return to the work position, must also be performed by hand. The above-mentioned drawbacks consequently also apply to these operations.

Haymaking machine having an adjustable deflector


An execution plan of a query for a parallel database system is determined. In one arrangement, the parallel database system is a relational database management system. The execution plan of the query is determined by an optimizer program. Execution plans are inserted into one or more explain tables that are accessible by a visual explain and compare module to display the steps of the execution plan in a graphical user interface. Parallel execution of steps of the execution plan can be depicted in the graphical user interface. Further, plural execution plans for a given query under different conditions may be compared.

In relational database management systems (RDBMS), users querying the database need not specify how to access the data, but only what data is desired. One of the goals of a database management system is to optimize the performance of queries for access and manipulation of data stored in the database. This is accomplished by use of an optimizer program. Given a query, the optimizer program generates several alternative plans for accessing the requested data. The execution cost of each alternative is estimated and the optimum execution plan is selected to access the data in an efficient manner.
Conventionally, database management systems provide a mechanism for a user to view the execution plan for a given query. In some systems, to view the steps of the execution plan for a given query, such as one selected by an optimizer program, an SQL (Structured Query Language) Explain statement is issued. In some systems, the query execution plan is presented in text format.
The complexity of a query execution plan is related to the size and complexity of the database management system. For example, in data warehousing systems (such as the TERADATA® system from NCR Corporation), the platforms used to run the database management software are multi-node parallel processing systems having tens or even hundreds of nodes (sometimes referred to as massively parallel processing or MPP systems). The amount of data stored frequently exceeds tens or hundreds of gigabytes and in many cases is in the terabyte range. As the complexity of the system increases, the complexity of the execution plans for a given query also increases.
Presenting a query execution plan in text format is often sufficient for relatively simple and straightforward execution plans. However, as the complexity of the execution plans grows, a more sophisticated mechanism is needed to depict query execution plans.

Presenting query plans of a database system


A surgical anchor device for the repair of a torn ligament or tendon, primarily the anterior cruciate ligament in the knee, is used to affix the ligament within a femoral bone tunnel in the distal portion of the femur from the intra-articular surface, the device providing a pulley for a suture, wherein a free end of the suture may be pulled away from the device to draw the suture attached to the ligament graft within the femoral bone tunnel securing the ligament graft within the bone tunnel. Installation of the device is provided by insertion of the device through a tibial hole, through the femoral tunnel out of the lateral femoral cortex, pulling the attached sutures simultaneously to flatten the device against the lateral femoral cortex, attaching one end of the suture to the ligament graft and pulling the other end of the suture until the graft is situated properly within the femoral bone tunnel and tying the free end of the suture to retain the graft within the femoral bone tunnel.

1. Field of Invention
A surgical anchor device for the repair of a torn ligament or tendon, primarily the anterior cruciate ligament in the knee, is used to affix the ligament within a femoral bone tunnel in the distal portion of the femur from the intra-articular surface, the device providing a pulley for a suture, wherein a free end of the suture may be pulled away from the device to draw the suture attached to the ligament graft within the femoral bone tunnel securing the ligament graft within the bone tunnel. Installation of the device is provided by insertion of the device through a tibial hole, through the femoral tunnel out of the lateral femoral cortex, pulling the attached sutures simultaneously to flatten the device against the lateral femoral cortex, attaching one end of the suture to the ligament graft and pulling the other end of the suture until the graft is situated properly within the femoral bone tunnel and tying the free end of the suture to retain the graft within the femoral bone tunnel.
2. Description of Prior Art
The following United States patents were discovered and are disclosed within this application for utility patent. All relate to orthopedic surgical anchor devices.
A first category of prior art includes devices known and referenced as endo-buttons. These are devices which are attached to sutures to retain a portion of the suture on the outside of a hole in the bone to prevent withdrawal of the suture back into the hole in the bone. Such devices may be found in advertisements by TENOFIX® and ACUFEX®. Endo-button style devices may also be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,769,894 to Ferragamo and 6,099,568 to Simonian.
A device for the femoral fixation of tendons in ACL repair is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,440,134 to Zaccherotti. This device provides an elongated body having a first end defining a passage for retaining the tendons to the body, a set bar pivotally supported within the second end about a transverse axis with the set bar having two extending stop arms. The tendon is attached through the passage and the body is inserted through the tunnels in the tibia and femur second end first with the set bar in the same direction as the body of the device until the second end extends through the outer surface of the femur. The set bar is then rotated perpendicular to the body with the set arms extended, retaining the body and connected tendon within the femoral tunnel with a fixed tension upon the tendon and ligament.
In U.S. Pat. No. 6,086,591 to Bojarski, a soft tissue anchor is disclosed having a body, a first end defining a passage for attaching soft tissue to the anchor and a second end defining a hook having a sharp rounded tip, the anchor being inserted into a first tunnel through the tibia extending into the femur to a reduced diameter tunnel in the femur which is the same length as the body and second end of the anchor. The soft tissue attaches to the first end of the anchor and is pushed through the tunnel until the hook is extended through the outer surface of the femur, the hook engaging the outer surface of the femur to retain the anchor and tendon within the bone tunnel.

External bullet anchor apparatus and method for use in surgical repair of ligament or tendon