A micro electro mechanical system switch and a method of fabricating the same. The micro electro mechanical system switch includes a substrate a plurality of signal lines formed at sides an upper surface of the substrate and including switching contact points and a plurality of immovable electrodes on the upper surface of the substrate and between the plurality of signal lines. An inner actuating member performs a seesaw based on a center of the substrate and together with an outer actuating member. Pushing rods are formed at ends of an upper surface of the inner actuating member with ends protruding from and overlapping with an upper portion of the outer actuating member. Contacting members are formed on a lower surface of the outer actuating member so as to be pushed by the pushing rods and contacting the switching contact points of the signal lines.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) switch and a method of fabricating the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
RF switches of radio frequency (RF) devices using MEMS technology are widely manufactured. The RF switches are devices mainly applied to circuits selecting and transmitting signals and matching impedances in wireless telecommunication terminals and systems in a micro wave band or a millimeter wave band.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,307,169 (inventor: Sun et al.) discloses such a MEMS switch.
The disclosed MEMS switch includes a hinge supporting a membrane type electrode on a substrate. The hinge includes a control electrode connected to the substrate by an anchor, a hinge collar, and a hinge arm set. The control electrode includes a shorting bar that can be separated from and/or connected to the control electrode. In addition, a travel stop is provided between the substrate and the control electrode to prevent a stiction from occurring.
Japanese Publication Pat. No. hei 2001-143595 (inventor: TSUI KUINGU SAN) discloses another example of a MEMS switch.
The disclosed MEMS switch uses a micro plate frame structure suspended on a spring suspension system and formed on a substrate. The spring suspension system includes an end to which an anchor is adhered and extends substantially orthogonally to a signal line. The micro plate frame includes a short piece opposite to a gap in the signal line, and an electric contact point post is formed on the signal line to form a condenser structure. A selected voltage is applied to the condenser structure so that the condenser structure is pulled toward a lower electrode due to a static electricity.
An MEMS switch as described above uses an electrostatic force. Thus, a drive voltage is great and a stiction phenomenon occurs. In the stiction phenomenon, an unintentional adhesion occurs on a surface of a micro structure, and thus a restoration force fails to overcome a force working on a surface such as a capillary force, a Van der Walls force, an electrostatic force, or the like. As a result, the adhesion permanently occurs.
Also, in a case where contact states of the shorting bar disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,307,169 and the short piece disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. hei 2001-143595 are poor, signals are not smoothly transmitted, and an insertion loss occurs.

MEMS switch and method of fabricating the same


Hydraulic operating device, in particular for the operation of a selector fork of a gearbox, and gearbox provided with such an operating device. The device comprises a double-acting cylinder, which is coupled to the selector fork, and a reversible pump. The pump is connected to the working chambers of the cylinder by supply lines. A valve is mounted in each of the supply lines which is operated by fluid flow. This valve comprises a body, a bore formed in the body, a piston, which divides the bore into two chambers, a through-channel, formed in the piston and designed as a flow orifice, connecting the two chambers.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a hydraulic operating device, in particular for the operation of a selector fork of a gearbox, comprising a double-acting cylinder, a pump, and a reservoir for hydraulic fluid.
2. Description of the Related Art
A hydraulic operating device for the operation of a selector fork of a gearbox is known. This known device comprises a single-acting electrically driven pump, the suction port of which is connected to the reservoir and the pressure port is connected, according to choice, via an electrically operated valve to one of the two working chambers of the double-acting cylinder. The working chamber which is not connected to the pump is then connected to the reservoir. The valve has a non-operating position in which both working chambers of the double-acting cylinder are connected to the reservoir.
For the effecting of a fast movement of the selector fork, the pump, which has a high output, is switched on for a short period, whilst at the same moment the valve is operated and this connects the pressure port of the pump to the desired operating chamber. As soon as the pump is switched off, operation of the valve is discontinued such that this valve again takes up its non-operating position. It is important that this device ensures that the double-acting cylinder is now "pressureless", that is that there is no residual pressure remaining in the cylinder which would continue to load the selector fork. This would in practice lead to excessive loading and wear of the synchronizing rings normally present in a gearbox.
The known device has the disadvantage that the use of the electrical valve leads to an undesirably high cost.

Hydraulic operating device and gearbox provided with such an operating device


A moldable hollow glass filled PBI composition. The composition may be prepared by making a well-mixed slurry of glass microspheres in a solution of PBI in a suitable solvent, and then spinning the slurry through a jet or die under pressure and into a water bath where the particles coagulate. The solvent dissolves in the water, allowing solvent-free PBI-glass composite particles to be isolated.

This invention relates to filled polymers, particularly to a polybenzimidazole ("PBI") filled with glass bubbles or balloons.
Polymers are used to make a multitude of products, including a wide variety of molded articles. These molded articles often must have specific attributes that may not be provided by unfilled polymers. In such cases, it may be desirable to use polymers filled with materials such as graphite powder, chopped glass, mica flakes, carbon fibers, glass fibers, metallic powders, or other fillers. The filler may advantageously alter the mechanical or thermal properties of the polymer. Filled polymers also may be used to reduce costs, or for other reasons.
A variety of filled polymers are known in the art. For example, polyesters may be filled with talc or hollow glass spheres (i.e., glass bubbles) to improve thermal or mechanical properties, thermoplastics may be filled with metallic powders to produce thermally or electrically conductive articles, and ground silica may be used in polyurethanes to form potting compounds having favorable dielectric properties. See: Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Mark, Bikales, Overberger, & Menges, Eds., 2d Ed., Vol. 7, pp. 53-73, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1987.
Generally, the polymer to be filled is one that is easily melt processible so that it will readily flow around the filler particles during molding to produce an article having a relatively uniform composition. The ability of such polymers to completely surround the filler material minimizes potentially detrimental voids and heterogenous areas within the article.
Thermally intractable or infusible polymers such as PBI are not amenable to melt processing with filler materials. Although these polymers generally may be hot-pressed or cold-pressed and sintered by compression molding techniques, it is difficult to use these polymers to make filled molded articles because the polymer does not melt and flow around the filler particles.
Hollow glass bubbles, sometimes called glass spheres or microspheres, or glass balloons, may be made in a variety of sizes and densities. The outer diameter of the bubble, and the thickness of the glass bubble wall, determines the volume of air (or vacuum) inside the bubble, and therefore its density. The air (or vacuum) inside the hollow glass bubble also reduces the thermal conductivity of the glass. Glass bubbles of various densities (e.g., 0.2-0.6 g/cm.sup.3) and sizes (e.g., about 30-50 microns in diameter) are commercially available (e.g., SCOTCHLITE.TM. glass bubbles from 3M Corporation, having its headquarters in Minnesota).


The present invention provides a method of on-line rapid fluid density measurement using a piezoresistive micro-cantilever, the present invention can achieve on-line measurement without changing the existing device; more importantly, without acquiring the resonant frequency of the cantilever in fluid to be detected, thus remarkably reducing measurement time, and guaranteeing the real on-line rapid measurement. By using the method of the present invention, measurement of the density of fluid to be detected by a calibrated piezoresistive micro-cantilever may be achieved within seconds or even shorter.

A micro-cantilever, with the advantages of high sensitivity, fast response, small size, mass production and real-time measurement etc, has been widely used in measurement fields such as chemistry, physics and biology. The micro-cantilever has two operation modes, static and dynamic. The former is achieved by mainly measuring the deflection at an end of the cantilever, and used for such as measuring surface stress, concentration of a substance, etc. The latter is achieved by mainly measuring the resonant frequency of the cantilever in working environment, and used for such as measuring molecular weight of an organism, fluid viscosity and density, etc. The peizoresistive micro-cantilever, without the need of alignment, which is necessary for an optical cantilever, can integrate a detection system upon the cantilever so as to significantly reduce the size of the measurement device. Thus, the peizoresistive micro-cantilever is widely used in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems. To measure the density of a fluid with a peizoresistive micro-cantilever, there is a need to acquire the resonant frequency of the cantilever in fluid to be detected. This greatly increases measurement time (more than one minute), and is not suitable for the on-site fluid density measurement, in particular for those fluids that need real time monitoring.
In view of the above disadvantages, there is a need to provide a method of on-line rapid fluid density measurement using a piezoresistive micro-cantilever, so as to reduce measurement time.

Method of on-line rapid fluid density measurement using a piezoresistive micro-cantilever


A rotary compressor (100) includes a compression mechanism (3), a motor (2), a suction path (14), a back-pressure chamber (18), a return path (16), an inverter (42), and a controller (44). A check valve (73) of a reed valve type for opening and closing a return port (3c) of the compression mechanism (3) is disposed in the back-pressure chamber (18). The return path (16) functions to return a working fluid to the suction path (14) from the back-pressure chamber (18). A volume-varying valve (17) is provided in the return path (16). The volume-varying valve (17) allows the working fluid to flow through the return path (16) when the suction volume of the compression mechanism (3) should be set relatively small, and precludes the working fluid from flowing through the return path (16) to increase the pressure in the back-pressure chamber (18) when the suction volume of the compression mechanism (3) should be set relatively large.

A motor of a compressor is usually controlled by an inverter and a microcomputer. If the rotational speed of the motor is decreased, a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which the compressor is used can be operated with a power sufficiently lower than a rated value. In addition, Patent Literature 1 provides a technique for operating a refrigeration cycle apparatus with such a low power as cannot be realized by inverter control.
FIG. 16 is a configuration diagram of an air conditioner described in Patent Literature 1. A refrigeration cycle is constituted by a compressor 715, a four-way valve 717, an indoor heat exchanger 718, a pressure reducing device 719, and an outdoor heat exchanger 720. A cylinder of the compressor 715 is provided with an intermediate discharge port that opens from the start of a compression process to some point in the process. The intermediate discharge port is connected to a suction path of the compressor 715 via a bypass path 723. The bypass path 723 is provided with a flow rate control device 721 and a solenoid on-off valve 722. The solenoid on-off valve 722 is opened only in operation performed at a low set frequency. This allows operation to be performed with a lower power.

PANASONIC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT CO., LTD.


A polishing method can automatically reset polishing conditions according to a state of a polishing member based on data on a polishing profile changing with time, thereby extending life of the polishing member and obtaining flatness of a polished surface with higher accuracy. The polishing method, includes steps of: independently applying a desired pressure by each of pressing portions of a top ring on a polishing object; estimating a polishing profile of the polishing object based on set pressure values, and calculating a recommended polishing pressure value so that a difference between the polishing profile of the polishing object after it is polished under certain polishing conditions and a desired polishing profile becomes smaller; and polishing the polishing object with the recommended polishing pressure value.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for estimating and controlling a polishing profile or polishing amount during a polishing process of flatly polishing a surface of an interconnect material or an insulating film formed on a polishing object, such as a wafer, in manufacturing of a semiconductor device, and a polishing method and a polishing apparatus which employ the above method in performing polishing. The present invention also relates to a program for controlling a polishing apparatus, and a storage medium in which the program and data have been stored.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a CMP process of flatly polishing a surface of an interconnect material or an insulating film laminated on a substrate in manufacturing of a semiconductor device, polishing conditions employed in operation of a manufacturing line are previously optimized, and successive polishing operations of substrates are performed repeatedly under the same optimized polishing conditions until wear of a polishing member reaches its limit. However, in the course of wear of the polishing member, a surface topology of the interconnect material or insulating film on the substrate after polishing, herein referred to as polishing profile, changes with time in accordance with a degree of wear of the polishing member. In general, a change of the polishing member is set at a time before a change in a polishing profile with time begins to affect device performance.
Semiconductor devices are becoming finer these days, and processing speeds of devices are becoming higher by multi-level lamination of interconnects. With such semiconductor devices, a surface topology of an interconnect metal or an insulating film after polishing, i.e., a polishing profile, is required to be made flat with higher accuracy. Thus, an acceptable change in polishing profile with time is narrower for devices with finer and advanced multi-level interconnects. This necessitates more frequent changes of worn polishing members. However, consumable members for use in CMP are generally very costly, and therefore an increase in a frequency of change of consumable members significantly affects device cost.
A method is known conventionally which comprises measuring a thickness of a film on a wafer before and after polishing in a CMP process and, based on results of this measurement, setting polishing conditions for a next wafer to be polished (see, for example, Published Japanese Translation of PCT international Publication No. 2001-501545). According to this technique, a polishing coefficient, indicating a polishing rate per unit surface pressure, is determined as an average value without a distribution on a wafer based on results of measurement, and such polishing time and polishing pressure for the next wafer are set that will provide a desired average polishing amount. This is because the polishing coefficient changes with condition of polishing (including wear of consumable member, a condition of slurry, temperature, and the like), and therefore it is necessary to update the polishing coefficient, and thus polishing time and polishing pressure as needed, by using the results of measurement. However, techniques for detecting an end point of polishing are fully developed nowadays, and it is now possible to automatically terminate polishing when a desired film thickness has been reached despite a change in a state of polishing. Accordingly, it is not necessary now to employ the above-described technique.
Further, since this conventional technique merely updates the polishing time and polishing pressure so that a desired average polishing amount can be obtained, it is not possible to correct a change in the polishing profile with time due to wear of a polishing member.
Another known technique involves monitoring and calculating a thickness of a remaining film during polishing in a CMP process, and changing each of pressures of pressure chambers so as to enhance flatness of the remaining film, thereby correcting a change in a polishing profile with time due to a change with time in slurry or polishing pad used (see, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2001-60572). This technique is intended to be applied to a wafer polishing process in which a thickness of a film is measured with an optical sensor. A number of measurement points is inevitably limited by a spot size of the optical sensor and a rotational speed of a polishing table. This technique thus has a problem in that sufficient information cannot be obtained for setting chamber pressures that are to be changed to flatten the remaining film after polishing. Further, when this technique is applied to a wafer polishing process employing a high polishing rate, there is a case in which a response time from measurement of thickness of a remaining film until feedback of a corrected value is longer than the time until termination of polishing. Thus, the polishing can be terminated before control achieves flattening of the remaining film.

Method for estimating polishing profile or polishing amount, polishing method and polishing apparatus


The invention relates to radiotherapy with somatostatin-derived peptides labeled with medically useful metal ions. The invention in particular provides for methods and reagents for labeling somatostatin-derived peptides with perrhenate, in which a solution including somatostatin-derived peptide analogue containing at least one disulfide bond is provided, the solution is reacted with stannous ions and with a radioisotope, wherein the stannous ions are sufficient to substantially reduce the disulfide bonds of the peptide and the radioisotope, and the radiolabeled somatostatin-derived peptide analogue recovered. Also provided are methods for regional administration of radiolabeled somatostatin-derived peptides, methods for enhanced regional retention of radiolabeled somatostatin-derived peptides, methods for treatment of arthritis using radiolabeled somatostatin derived peptides, and methods for stabilizing radiolabeled somatostatin derived peptides.

1. Field of the Invention (Technical Field)
The present invention relates to methods of making, compositions, and uses of somatostatin-derived, peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals for the diagnosis and treatment of disease, including peptide-based metal ion-labeled somatostatin-derived compositions.
2. Background Art
Peptide-Based Radiopharmaceuticals. The use of biologically active peptides, which are peptides that bind to specific cell surface receptors or that in other ways modify cellular function, has received some consideration as radiopharmaceuticals. Biospecific imaging and radiotherapy agents started with large proteins, such as antibodies, and have evolved to antibody fragments, antigen binding domain fragments and small biologically active peptides. The smaller size of biologically active peptides confers pharmacokinetic properties, such as higher target-to-non-target ratios and faster blood clearance, which are desirable for some applications.
Several peptide-based radiopharmaceutical products are in development, including those which use somatostatin-derived peptides as an imaging agent. Radiolabeled peptide analogues of somatostatin used for diagnostic imaging include .sup.123 I-labeled Tyr-3-octreotide and .sup.111 In-DTPA-octreotide imaging agents, and research is being conducted on a variety of .sup.99m Tc-labeled somatostatin analogues, including direct-labeled somatostatin analogues. An .sup.111 In-DTPA-octreotide product is commercially available in the United States and European countries, and is distributed by Mallinckrodt Medical, Inc.
Somatostatin and Analogues. Somatostatin is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus which normally inhibits the release of pituitary growth hormone. A number of peptide analogues have been developed which have pharmacological actions that mimic the naturally-occurring hormone. In normal subjects somatostatin and its analogues have the ability to suppress secretion of serotonin and the gastroenteropancreatic peptides, and growth hormone. Receptors for somatostatin are expressed on a variety of human tumors and their metastases. Somatostatin receptors have been found to be over-expressed in a wide range of tumor types including those arising in the brain (including meningioma, astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, hypophysial adenoma, paraganglioma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and gliomas), the digestive-pancreatic tract (including insulinoma, gluconoma, AUODoma, VIPoma, and colon carcinoma), lung, thyroid, mammary gland, prostate, lymph system (including both Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas), and ovaries. Additionally, the tumors that most frequently produce percutaneous intrathoracic metastasis, including mammary gland tumors, lung carcinomas (especially small cell lung carcinomas), and lymphomas (Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's), all generally over-express somatostatin receptors which can be detected by scintigraphy (Krenning E P, Kwekkeboom D J, Bakker W H, Breeman W A, Kooij P P, et al: Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with [111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]- and [123I-Tyr3]-octreotide; the Rotterdam experience with more than 1000 patients. Eur J Nucl Med 20: 716-731, 1993).
In spite of the high rates of over expression of somatostatin receptors on a variety of tumors, somatostatin analogues have not gained widespread clinical application for the control of cancer. Their current clinical application is primarily in the control of symptoms associated with metastatic carcinoid or VIP-secreting tumors. The somatostatin analogues have a wide therapeutic index and seem to be free of major side effects. Most of the side effects are gastrointestinal in nature and include minor nausea, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, or steatorrhea. Part of the reason for the restricted clinical use may be due to the need for long-term maintenance therapy, the consequent high cost of such therapy, and the variable effects observed in clinical settings.
Somatostatin analogues, preparation of such analogues, and uses for such analogues are known in the prior art. Such analogues are used in the treatment of certain cancers and other conditions, with one commercially available product being octreotide, manufactured by Sandoz, and sold under the trade name Sandostatin.
A wide variety of somatostatin analogues have been developed. These include RC-160, a potent somatostatin analogue originally synthesized by a team at Tulane University headed by Andrew V. Schally (Cai R Z, Szoke B, Lu E, Fu D, Redding T W and Schally A V: Synthesis and biological activity of highly potent octapeptide analogues of somatostatin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 83:1896-1900, 1986). In recent studies conducted by Schally, among others, the effectiveness of RC-160 in inhibiting the growth of human glioblastomas in vitro and in vivo has been demonstrated. See, e.g., Pinski J, Schally A V, Halmos G, Szepeshazi K and Groot K: Somatostatin analogues and bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide antagonist RC-3095 inhibit the growth of human glioblastomas in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res 54:5895-5901, 1994.
RC-160 is a cyclic somatostatin analogue, which binds to somatostatin receptors 2 and 5 (Oberg K: Treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer Treat Rev 20:331-355, 1994). The general structure of RC-160 is as follows: ##STR1##
Other available somatostatin analogues include cyclic octapeptide analogues of somatostatin, such as ##STR2##
Peptide Radiolabeling. Peptides may be radiolabeled by a variety of means. Biologically active peptides for radiopharmaceuticals include that disclosed by Olexa S A, Knight L C and Budzynski A Z, U.S. Pat. No. 4,427,646, Use of Radiolabeled Peptide Derived From Crosslinked Fibrin to Locate Thrombi In Vivo, in which iodination is discussed as a means of radiolabeling. Peptides may be directly radioiodinated, through electrophilic substitution at reactive aromatic amino acids. lodination may also be accomplished via prelabeled reagents, in which the reagent is iodinated and purified, and then linked to the peptide. In Morgan C A Jr and Anderson D C, U.S. Pat. No. 4,986,979, Imaging Tissue Sites of Inflammation, use of chelates and direct iodination is disclosed.
The utility of DTPA and EDTA chelates covalently coupled to polypeptides and similar substances are well known in the art. Hnatowich, D J, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,479,930 and 4,668,503. DTPA has been used as a bifunctional chelating agent for radiolabeling a variety of peptides with .sup.111 In, including .alpha.-melanocyte-simulating hormone for imaging melanoma, chemotactic peptides for infection imaging, laminin fragments for targeting tumor-associated laminin receptors and atrial natriuretic peptide for imaging atrial natriuretic receptors in the kidney.
Technetium-99m is a preferred isotope for diagnostic imaging, due to its low cost, ready availability, excellent imaging properties and high specific activities. Two approaches have been described for radiolabeling proteins and peptides with .sup.99m Tc: direct labeling and bifunctional chelates. In Dean R T, Lister-James J and Buttram S, U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,180, Technetium-99m Labeled Somatostatin-Derived Peptides for Imaging, direct labeling of somatostatin following reduction of native disulfide bonds resulting from cross-linked cysteine residues is disclosed. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,460,785, entitled Direct Labeling of Antibodies and Other Proteins with Metal Ions, referenced above, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,443,816, entitled Peptide-Metal Ion Pharmaceutical Preparation and Method, also referenced above, a variety of methods of direct labeling of peptides through sulfur-, oxygen- and nitrogen-containing amino acid sequences available for binding are disclosed.
A variety of high affinity chelates to bind .sup.99m Tc to specific sites on peptides have been developed. In one approach, the bifunctional reagent is first labeled with .sup.99m Tc, and then conjugated to the peptide. However, multiple species can result, and post-labeling purification is generally required. In another approach, a chelating agent is covalently attached to the peptide prior to radiolabeling. In Tolman G L, U.S. Pat. No. 4,732,864, Trace-Labeled Conjugates of Metallothionein and Target-Seeking Biologically Active Molecules, the use of metallothionein or metallothionein fragments conjugated to a biologically active molecule, including peptides, is disclosed. Other chelates which have been employed include a variety of N.sub.2 S.sub.2 and N.sub.3 S ligands, DTPA, and 6-hydrazinonicotinate groups.
Modes of Delivery of Radiotherapeutic Drugs. There is a need for improved methods of delivery of somatostatin-derived radiotherapeutic agents for cancer therapy because of the low absolute tumor uptake of somatostatin analogues following i.v. injection, the widespread distribution of somatostatin receptors in other tissues, and the need for highly localized therapeutic radioisotope concentrations. Some research groups have explored use of local or regional administration of radiolabeled colloid chelates and antibodies for tumor therapy (Hoefnagel C A: Anti-cancer radiopharmaceuticals. Anticancer Drugs 2:107-32, 1991). For example, in studies of brain glioblastomas, positive results have been obtained with direct intralesional radioimmunotherapy using .sup.131 I-labeled monoclonal antibodies (Riva P, Arista A, Sturiale C, Franceschi G et al: Possibility of control of malignant gliomas by direct intratumour or intralesional radioimmunotherapy (Abstract). J Nucl Med 5:144P (Abst. No. 582), 1994). With 34 evaluable patients, a median survival of 18 months was reported, versus 12 months achievable by traditional treatments, with a response rate of 38.2%, including 9 stabilized, 7 partial remission and 6 complete remission.
While use of antibodies are one treatment approach, it has become clear that another class of biologicals already possess many of the properties sought for targeting purposes. Peptide hormones and their synthetic analogues undergo high affinity interactions with target cells, and generate little or no immune response.
The targeting of somatostatin receptor-positive tumors in diagnostic imaging has a number of advantages, including the following: a) the expression of the target receptor is up-regulated in many different tumor types, and conversely the expression of receptor on normal tissues is low; b) the affinities of receptor for native hormone is high and numerous synthetic analogues which have higher affinity have been described; and c) the molecular weight of the tracer is low and circulating peptide is cleared rapidly from the circulation. The rapid clearance of the radiolabeled peptide from the circulation leads to very low backgrounds, allowing for imaging even in the face of low absolute tumor uptakes.
While it is clear that the rapid clearance of radiolabeled peptides is a considerable advantage in diagnostic imaging, it is a distinct disadvantage in targeted radiotherapy where the therapeutic effect is entirely dependent on the absolute uptake of the radionuclide at the target tumor site. Thus, intravenous administration of a radiolabeled therapeutic agent will generally not be clinically successful if the agent rapidly clears. For imaging purposes, relative uptake is important, while for therapeutic purposes, absolute uptake is important. However, local or regional administration of a radiolabeled therapeutic agent presents certain potential advantages:
a) local or regional administration sequesters and juxtaposes the peptide against the tumor, providing the highest probability of tumor binding; PA1 b) local or regional delivery may provide a physical compartment which includes the tumor, thus maximizing time the peptide is near the tumor to provide optimal irradiation of the tumor both by direct binding and non-specific local irradiation; PA1 c) local or regional delivery frequently involves regional clearance mechanisms including the lymphatic system, so that micrometastasis in regional lymph nodes can be irradiated; and PA1 d) local or regional delivery may provide rapid clearance from the blood stream, once the peptide has cleared to the blood stream, thereby minimizing irradiation to non-target organs.
Intra-Articular Use of Somatostatin for Treatment of Arthritis. In addition to those uses and potential uses for somatostatin and its analogues described above, research has indicated a potential use for it in the treatment of arthritis. In particular, the literature describes the passive, unradiolabeled, intra-articular use of somatostatin in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Fioravanti A, Franci A, Gelli R, Minari C, Montemerani M, Moscato P, and Marcolongo R: Evaluation of the efficacy of intra-articular administration of somatostatin in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin-Ter. 142(5):453-57, 1993. Another study involves the use of gold salts and somatostatin to form a new combined treatment for psoriatic arthritis. Matucci-Cerinic M, Pignone A, Lotti T, Partsch G, Livi R, and Cagnoni M: Gold salts and somatostatin: a new combined analgesic treatment for psoriatic arthritis. Drugs-Exptl.-Clin.-Res., 18(2):53-61 (1992). The literature also describes radiation synovectomy using radiocolloids. See, e.g., Chinol M, Vallabhajosula S, Goldsmith S J, Klein M J, Deutsch K F, Chinen L K, Broadack J W, Deutsch E A, Watson B A, and Tofe A J: Chemistry and biological behavior of samarium-153 and rhenium-186-labeled hydroxyapatite particles: potential radiopharmaceuticals for radiation synovectomy. J. Nucl. Med., 34:1536-1542 (1993). See also, Deutsch E, Brodack J W, Deutsch K F: Radiation synovectomy revisited. Eur. J Nucl. Med., 45:1113-1127 (1993). Radiation synovectomy consists of the intra-articular injection of a beta-emitting radiopharmaceutical to counteract and control synovial inflammation. The use of radiocolloids has been predicated on the direct juxtapositioning of the radioactive material against the synovial membranes in joints, and by an active process of colloid uptake by the cells of the synovial membrane. In some applications, colloids are preferred over more soluble forms such as particulates, because the use of colloids helps to restrict radioactivity to the joint without leakage. Such leakage can lead to high accumulations in the regional lymph nodes, and to a lesser extent the lungs, and thereby result in unacceptable radiation to non-target organs. Use of a soluble form may therefore cause excessive, unwanted whole-body radiation. Similarly, administration via the blood may not target the appropriate cells and also lead to high non-target uptake. The concerns of practitioners have been that this treatment is expected to be a repeated treatment, and will therefore necessitate administration of radioactivity to other tissues. Some of the advantages of using .sup.188 Re for radiation synovectomy have been described in Wang S J, Lin W Y, Hsieh B T, Shen L H, Tsai Z T, Ting G, and Knapp F F, Jr.: Rhenium-188 sulphur colloid as a radiation synovectomy agent. Eur. J. Nuc. Med. 22:505-507 (1995).
The Use of Ascorbate and Similar "Stabilizers" for Radiopharmaceuticals. Radiopharmaceutical compositions are known to degrade after radiolabeling by oxidation and by autoradiolysis. Some radiopharmaceuticals, such as technetium-99m and rhenium-186 or rhenium-188 labeled compounds, are known to require stabilizing agents such as antioxidants or reducing agents to maintain the radionuclide in a suitable oxidation state. Both technetium and rhenium normally exist in their highest or +7 oxidation state, which is their stable state, until they are reduced with stannous or other reducing agents in radiopharmaceutical kits. The labeled or complexed radiopharmaceutical kit becomes unstable if the complexed reduced isotope is oxidized to a higher oxidation state, releasing the bound isotope from the ligand as free (unbound) pertechnetate +7 or free perrhenate +7. Compounds such as ascorbic acid, gentisic acid, and others have been used to inhibit the oxidation of the radionuclide and/or reducing agent. In particular, the use of antioxidants, typically ascorbic and gentisic acid, is described in the literature for the purpose of extending shelf lives of low reduction-capacity, stannous-containing, radiopharmaceutical kits.
As used herein, the term "autoradiolysis" includes chemical decomposition of a peptide or protein by the action of radiation emitted from the radioisotope coupled to the peptide or protein. Autoradiolysis may be caused by the formation of free radicals in the water or other medium by the radiation emitted from the radionuclide. Free radicals are molecules or atoms containing a single unpaired electron, and exhibit high chemical reactivity. The action of antioxidants as radiopharmaceutical kit stabilizing agents involves their action as "free radical scavengers", as is generally known in the art. Ascorbic acid and gentisic acid act as free radical scavengers by donating reactive hydrogen atoms to the free radical intermediates yielding a non-reactive molecule (Kowalsky, R. J. and Perry, J. R, Radiopharmaceuticals in Nuclear Medicine Practice, Connecticut: Appleton and Lange 1987, 88-89). Autoradiolysis can be a significant problem with rhenium isotopes, and is typically somewhat less of a problem with technetium.
The traditional techniques of adding HSA to a composition or keeping it frozen between preparation and use are not always effective or practical for use with many radiolabeled peptides and proteins. Despite the promise shown by a number of newly-developed peptides for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, their susceptibility to autoradiolysis may limit their use. Therefore, the development of effective but non-damaging stabilizing agents is a significant and much-needed advancement in the art.


A floatation device for eyeglass lanyards comprising a float member, a quick-release connector, and attachment means adapted for securing the connector to the float member while preferably allowing movement of one relative to the other. At least two such floatation devices are used with each eyeglass lanyard so that when the ends of the lanyard are secured to the earpieces of an eyeglasses frame worn by a user to form a closed loop, the float members will hang comfortably behind the user's neck or upper back until the eyeglasses are inadvertently separated from the user. If the eyeglasses land in water after separation from the user, the lanyard and float member or members will allow the eyeglasses to remain on or near the surface of the water where they can be easily retrieved. The preferred maximum size of each float member is approximately that of a current U.S. fifty-cent piece.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the field of devices attachable to eyeglasses that are configured to prevent them from sinking in water, specifically to a floatation device configured for connection to an eyeglass lanyard and comprising a float member, a quick-release connector such as but not limited to an easily-opened clip or spring snap, and attachment means adapted for securing the connector to the float member while preferably allowing movement of one relative to the other so that the float can hang unobtrusively and comfortably behind a use's neck. Multiple float members are typically attached to the eyeglass lanyard, with the number of float members used determined by the weight of the eyeglass lenses and frame, and the decorative statement desired by the user. The eyeglass lanyard to be used with the present invention is contemplated to have a minimum length dimension of approximately twelve inches. The detachable float members should be configured for rapid and easy connection to the lanyard, as well as connection in a manner that allows them to freely and loosely glide along the lanyard when it is worn by a user. If the eyeglasses make contact with water after separation from the user, the floating lanyard in combination with the float member or members will allow the eyeglasses to remain on or near the surface of the water where they can be easily retrieved. Thus, when transferring the present invention lanyard from a pair of lightweight reading glasses to a potentially heavier pair of sunglasses, an additional float member can easily be added to ensure adequate floatation will be achieved. The float members may spread out on the lanyard once it is in the water, or not, depending upon the weight of the glasses relative to the buoyancy provided by the lanyard and float members, and also depending upon the agitation at the water surface where the glasses made first contact. The float members may have any buoyant configuration and material combination, but preferably would comprise plastic-coated foam or three-dimensional plastic shapes containing trapped air. Although not limited thereto, it is preferred for the maximum size of each float member to be approximately that of a U.S. fifty-cent piece and minimum size of each float member to be approximately that of a U.S. quarter. Also float member shapes can include but are not limited to sports equipment, beach and boating equipment, animals, birds, marine life, sandals, surf board, flowers, dance shoes, and hearts.
2. Description of the Related Art
Lanyards are commonly used to hang a pair of eyeglasses around the neck of a user. However, if the eyeglasses become inadvertently separated from a user and land in water, most lanyards do nothing to prevent the eyeglasses from sinking below the water's surface and becoming irretrievable. A few lanyards do float, but many do not support the full weight of all eyeglasses and leave their users unprotected from accidental loss if their glasses fall into water. The present invention comprises a new or previously purchased lanyard with easily attachable floating devices that can adjust the buoyancy of eyeglasses simply by the addition of one or more present invention floating members, thereby providing a user with a new option for protecting expensive eyeglasses (or favorite sunglasses even if not expensive) from inadvertent loss. Preferably, and for added buoyancy, the lanyard is configured so that it can float. However, since the floating devices of the present invention are readily attachable to any lanyard, they can be attached to prior art lanyards which may or may not float, with the desired buoyancy being achieved by the use of at least one additional float member beyond that needed if the lanyard was configured to float or at least made from material impervious to water. No other device for eyeglasses is known that has a similar structure, functions in the same manner, or provides all of the advantages of the present invention.


An autonomous failure recovery method and a system for a fiber-optic communication system. The method comprises acquiring a real-time operation timing sequence of a digital high-speed serial transceiver of a fiber-optic communication system, and comparing the operation timing sequence against a pre-stored reference timing sequence of normal operation of the serial transceiver; when the operation timing sequence is inconsistent with the reference timing sequence, determining that failure of an optical path of the fiber-optic communication system has occurred; sending a pre-determined autonomous recovery timing sequence to the serial transceiver when the optical path is in a failure state, and performing an autonomous failure recovery operation of the fiber-optic communication system in response to the autonomous recovery timing sequence. The method and the system for a fiber-optic communication system achieve automatic troubleshooting and autonomous failure recovery for an optical path failure, thereby improving efficiency of troubleshooting and system recovery.

Due to characteristics such as low loss, long transmission distance, high transmission bandwidth, light weight, and low cost, an optical fiber medium has been widely used as a transmission medium in lots of fields including digital distributed radio remote unit (RRU) systems. In currently well-known digital remote systems, a digital signal is converted into an optical signal through a digital optical module, and then the optical signal is transmitted to an opposite end through an optical fiber. The optical signal is converted into a high-speed digital serial signal in an opposite optical module. Through clock recovery and frame header delimitation, serial-parallel conversion and signal restoration are implemented in a digital domain.
In an actual application scenario, an optical path of a fiber-optic communication system may be abnormal due to various reasons, resulting in interruption of entire transmission and malfunction of remote coverage of equipment. In order to ensure normal transmission of a signal, possible failures in the optical path have to be checked and autonomously recovered. However, failure check and autonomous recovery of the optical path in a conventional technology requires human intervention, and the failure check and autonomous recovery is inefficient.

Autonomous failure recovery method and system for fiber-optic communication system


A natural microbiocidal and/or microbiostatic combination of Natamycin and Nisin is disclosed which synergistically inhibits or destroys bacteria, yeast and mold in foodstuffs.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the use of a combination of natural preservatives such as Natamycin together with Nisin in foodstuffs such as beverages, including beverages which contain tea solids, meats, dressings, sauces, marinades, condiments, spreads, margarine, dairy based foods and the like. The foodstuffs under some conditions are subject to microbial spoilage.
"Food preservation", as that term is used herein, includes methods which guard against food poisoning as well as methods which delay or prevent food spoilage due to microbes. Food preservation keeps food safe for consumption and inhibits or prevents nutrient deterioration or organoleptic changes causing food to become less palatable.
"Food spoilage", as that term is used herein, includes any alteration in the condition of food which makes it less palatable including changes in taste, smell, texture or appearance. Spoiled food may or may not be toxic.
Prevention of food spoilage has been attempted throughout history often through trial and error. The early attempts have resulted in the adoption of such food preservation methods as the drying, salting and/or smoking of foods in order to preserve them. It has been relatively recent in recorded history that food preservation has been placed upon a scientific foundation.
Present food technologists utilize an array of physical, chemical, and biological processes and agents to preserve food and prevent the transmission of disease via foodstuffs. Many chemical agents exist. These agents include antioxidants to prevent chemical degradation of food, as well as compositions which kill or inhibit deleterious bacteria and/or other microbes thereby preserving food i.e. preventing both spoilage and the transmission of disease.
Of rising concern in the food processing industry is yeast, mold and bacterial spoilage of various foods such as wieners, other sausages, cheese, dairy products including novelty ice cream, beverages, dressings, spreads, margarine and seafood. Of particular concern is evidence that pasteurized and fully cooked processed foods are being contaminated with microbes following cooking or pasteurization and prior to packaging for point of sale.
Food preservation by inhibition of growth of yeasts, molds and lactobacilli is often difficult. Unfortunately, microorganism contamination may occur following pasteurization by the processor. Acidified and native pH salad dressings, sauces, marinades, spreads, margarines and other dairy based foods and beverages in the 2.0 to 7.0 pH range are known to be susceptible to spoilage by yeast, mold, acid tolerant bacteria (e.g. Lactobacillus sp., Gluconobacter/Acetobactersp.) and/or mesophilic or thermophilic spore forming (e.g. B. coagulans) and non-spore forming bacteria.
Many people eat processed foods after a significant period of time has elapsed from a first cooking or pasteurization by the food manufacturer thereby permitting bacteria introduced by post-pasteurization contamination to grow. Since this food consumption may occur without reheating the processed food to sufficient temperatures for sufficient time to kill any microbes which may have been introduced subsequent to initial cooking, there is a risk of food spoilage. The present invention seeks to ameliorate the aforementioned risk.
2. Related Art
Natamycin, also known as pimaricin, is an. antifungal agent produced by Streptomyces natalensis. The compound is effective against yeasts and molds and is reported to be ineffective against bacteria. It is approved for use as an additive which may be applied to the surface of cuts and slices of cheese to inhibit mold spoilage (21 CFR 172.155). This information is available from an article on "Antirmicrobials: Assuring Food Safety" by J. Giese in the June 1994 Food Technology periodical 48 (6) pp. 101-110.
Natamycin has been used in animal feeds U.S. Pat. No. 4,600,706, in sausages and sausage casings U.S. Pat. No. 4,664,861 and in mixtures with other preservatives to preserve milk U.S. Pat. No. 5,196,344.
Generally, however, the solubility of Natamycin has limited its use to the surface treatment of cheese for which it is approved by the FDA.
Natamycin has also been of interest in the treatment of food products because it is highly active against yeasts and molds, as opposed to bacteria (see Morris and Hart, "Pimaricin--What Is It?", Culture Dairy Products Journal, Volume 13, page 22, 1987) Reportedly, Natamycin has been applied to food products in several ways. It has been added in dry form to liquids, slurries, pastes and semisolids when adequate mixing can be accomplished, or the pure Natamycin can be mixed with one or more of the dry ingredients and then added to a given food product. Solid foods requiring surface protection can be dipped, misted, fogged or dusted with a solution or suspension of Natamycin. Additionally, it has been suggested that protection from yeast and molds may be achieved in solid food by incorporating Natamycin homogeneously into the food itself.
Natamycin has also been used to retard spoilage of dressed poultry, to protect cottage cheese, and has been widely used in the dip-treatment of cheeses to coat them with the fungicide which is absorbed slightly, and dries to form a solid, surface coating. Various other reports suggest that Natamycin is effective in the treatment of fresh berries, tomatoes, strawberries and raspberries. These reports indicate that Natamycin has an antiyeast activity when added to wines, and various fruit juices, such as apple juice or orange juice. (See, Morris and Hart, cited above.)
Nisin is a natural antimicrobial material which is a polypeptide bacteriocin produced by the lactic acid bacteria, Streptococcus lactis, Group N. Nisin has been used in conjunction with chelating or sequestering agents in the preservation of foodstuffs. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,573,797; 5,573,800 and 5,573,801 all use this combination as a food preservative.


A plug and a communication module communicate wirelessly. The plug includes prongs that couple to sockets of a power outlet to receive power for a device associated with the plug. The plug carries circuitry that communicates wirelessly with circuitry of the communication module. The communication module is located near the power outlet in some embodiments.

The present disclosure relates to connectors having wired and wireless couplings. The present disclosure also relates to apparatus for transferring data from a hospital bed to a network of computer devices in a healthcare facility, but has use in other applications and in other environments as well.
Power plugs and/or power receptacles, such as standard 3-prong AC power plugs and receptacles, having electrical and optical couplings are known. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,533,466; 6,071,015; 5,967,840; 5,696,861; and 4,767,181. Other types of plugs and receptacles having electrical and optical couplings that are also known. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,242,315; 5,109,452; 4,721,358; 4,678,264; 4,465,333; and 4,767,168.
Many devices have a need for both power and data. Typically, such devices have a power cord that couples to a standard power outlet or receptacle and a separate data cable or cord that connects to a data port or receptacle. Having two connections requires that both cables must be disconnected and then reconnected every time the device is moved to a new location. Data connectors or plugs usually have small connector pins that may be damaged during connection or disconnection from an associated receptacle.
In the healthcare environment, many hospital beds receive power from standard wall outlets which may be mounted to a room wall or other architectural equipment, such as a headwall, a bed locator, a column, an arm, and so forth. Thus, a power cord extends between the hospital bed and the wall outlet. Many conventional hospital beds have a separate data port or data cable that connects to a data port mounted to the room wall, headwall, bed locator, etc. Thus, a data cable separate from the power cord extends between the hospital bed and the associated data port or receptacle. Data from the hospital bed is communicated to a network in the healthcare facility so that other computer devices connected to the network have access to the data from the hospital bed. When such a hospital bed having a power cord and a separate data cable is to be transported to a new location, both the power cord and data cable are disconnected from the associated receptacles prior to bed transport and are reconnected to associated receptacles at the new location.

Plug and receptacle having wired and wireless coupling


A microcontroller integrates a memory accessible by the cores included thereon. Additionally the microcontroller provides an indication upon an external bus that accesses to the integrated memory are occurring. The indication provides a ready identification of internal access cycles. In one embodiment, the indication is multiplexed with a control signal upon the external bus. The microcontroller further employs a show read bus transfer, which may be optionally enabled by the user. The show read bus transfer transmits upon the external bus the read data being provided from the internal memory to a core. The cycle is presented with identical functional timing to normal read cycles. Additionally, the A/C timings of the show read bus transfer are consistent with external read transfers. Therefore, external circuitry (such as an in-circuit emulator) may capture the data from the show read bus transfer using the same circuitry used to capture external read data. The show read bus transfer may be enabled by setting a configuration register bit within the microcontroller, or by asserting a signal upon a predefined pin at the conclusion of reset of the microcontroller. By providing the predefined pin for activating the show read mode of the microcontroller, the microcontroller may be placed into show read mode for debug purposes without changing the instruction code being executed thereon.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the field of microcontrollers and, more particularly, to microcontrollers having an integrated internal memory.
2. Description of the Relevant Art
Integrated circuits have become ubiquitous in modern society. Products as diverse as automobiles, computer systems, televisions and telephones incorporate one or more integrated circuits to perform various functions. Generally speaking, an integrated circuit comprises circuitry formed upon a single monolithic semiconductor substrate. The integrated circuit implements one or more cores which perform the various functions of the integrated circuit as well as circuitry for communicating with other integrated circuits and devices external to the integrated circuit. A core is circuitry connected together to provide a desired high level function. For example, a processor core is circuitry which executes a set of instructions. Other cores may be a digital signal processing core configured to process signals, a cache controller core for managing a block of external memory as a cache, etc.
One popular type of integrated circuit is a microcontroller, which comprises a processor core as well as communications cores for various serial and parallel port connections to peripheral devices. Microcontrollers allow programmable control (via the processor core) of the peripherals connected thereto. Microcontrollers are commonly employed in a wide variety of devices including printers, cellular phones, automobiles, etc. Generally, a microcontroller is employed as the primary control chip in an electronic circuit embedded within a product other than a general purpose computer system (i.e. the so-called "embedded applications"). The microcontroller and related circuitry is employed to satisfy the computing demands of a product whose general purpose is not computing (i.e. a television, telephone, or automobile).
Modern microcontrollers incorporate not only a processor core and communications cores, but also integrate other devices commonly employed therewith. Particularly, microcontrollers have begun to integrate blocks of memory. Integrating previously discrete components such as memory may lead to cost savings in the final product, since fewer components are needed. Unfortunately, integration may complicate debugging during product development. Since the integrated components within the microcontroller communicate with each other via internal buses not accessible external to the microcontroller, the observability of a user to the activity between the integrated components is reduced as compared to a discrete component implementation.
Particularly, while developing the instruction code to be executed by the microcontroller, debugging becomes more complicated when the memory is internal to the microcontroller. External monitoring of the microcontroller no longer reveals all information regarding the memory accesses occurring to the internal memory, nor the data being transferred in response to the memory accesses. If the instruction code is not performing as the user expects, the user is at a loss to determine the cause. Many microcontroller architectures (such as the 80C186 architecture) allow for operands to be directly accessed from memory locations. Therefore, if a memory operand is erroneous and the memory is internal to the microcontroller, a user may have to expend onerous efforts to detect the problem. For example, the instruction code may need to be modified to insert instructions for checking the values stored in a given location. Changing the code may change the dynamics of the program execution, potentially hiding the problem by changing the circumstances in which the problem occurs. It is therefore desirable to have increased visibility to the internal communications of a microcontroller with integrated internal memory.

Microcontroller configured to convey data corresponding to internal memory accesses externally


A latch lock mechanism (20) for opening and closing a translating motion-type aircraft door (22). The latch lock mechanism (20) of this invention includes a latch shaft (38) that is mounted to the door (22) by a set of follower bearings (98) that are axially offset from the shaft. The shaft (38) is rotated by a lift lock mechanism (44) that includes a lift lock cam (106) and a cam follower (108) that tracks the cam, and a door drive linkage (1 10) that is attached to the cam follower for rotating the latch shaft. The lift lock cam (106) is rotated by a handle shaft (42) that is actuated by a handle (40). When the handle (40) is rotated, the lift lock cam (106) is similarly rotated so as to cause the upward movement of the door drive linkage (110) in the rotation of the latch shaft (38). The follower bearings (98) rotate about the latch shaft (38) so as to lift the latch shaft and the door (22) upwards so as to allow the door to clear fixed fuselage stop tabs (32) so that the door can be moved to an open position. An auxiliary latch-hold up cam mechanism (46) forces the door (22) open in the event the latch shaft (38) and associated components fail. A pressure vent door (34) is selectively opened by an associated opener assembly (48) connected to the handle shaft (42). In the event an attempt is made to open the door while the aircraft is in flight, the pressure vent door opener assembly (48) locks out so as to inhibit movement of the handle shaft (42) that would actuate the latch shaft (38) and open the door (22).

An integral part of an aircraft fuselage is the door assembly through which passengers and crew enter and exit the aircraft. One type of aircraft door that has become increasingly popular for use with commercial aircraft is the translating motion door. A translating motion door, when opened, first moves upwards and slightly away from the opening in which it was seated. The door is then moved outwards, away from the opening so as to allow passage through the opening.
Translating motion doors have taken the place of aircraft cocking doors. A cocking door is rotated inwards and then moves diagonally outwards of the fuselage opening with which it is associated. A translating door does not swing into the space adjacent the egress way inside the aircraft to the same extent that a comparable cocking door swings into this space when it is opened. When a cocking door is installed on an aircraft, this space must be kept clear to insure that the door can freely open. In comparison, when a translating door is installed there is no need to keep this space clear; interior units such as galleys, lavatories and even seats can be placed in the aircraft much closer to the egress way. Thus, the installation of a translating door onto an aircraft makes it possible to enhance the utilization of the space inside the aircraft. A translating door is also smaller in size and lighter in weight than a cocking door used to seal the same sized opening. Moreover, a translating motion door is typically assembled out of fewer components that are less expensive to manufacture than that of a comparable cocking door. Another advantage of a translating door is that it moves along a relatively horizontal path when opened. In comparison to the upwards movement of a cocking door, this feature makes the translating door much easier to open. This feature is important because cabin attendants, who are often small in stature, sometimes find it physically strenuous to open a cocking door.
Aircraft doors, including translating doors, are held in place by stop pins which extend outwards from the door that abut complementary stop pads extending from the fuselage in the door opening. When an aircraft is in pressurized flight, the interior fuselage pressure serves to urge the door outwards; the stop pins are held in place against the stop pads so as to hold the door in place. The opening and closing of a translating motion aircraft door is controlled by a latch lock mechanism. The latch lock mechanism opens the door by initially raising the door so that stops on the door clear complementary stops that extend into the fuselage opening. Once the stops are cleared, the latch lock mechanism moves the door away from the fuselage so that it can be moved free of the opening. The movement of the door away from the opening clears the opening so as to allow persons to enter and exit the aircraft. The latch lock mechanism is used to close the door by reversing the motion used to open the door. The latch lock mechanism also prevents the door from opening once it is closed. In order to be suitable for use in a commercial aircraft, a latch lock mechanism must be configured so that a cabin attendant with relatively low body strength can actuate the mechanism so as to lift open a door that may weigh 350 pounds or more.
A disadvantage of many aircraft door latch lock mechanisms for translating motion doors is that the movement of the mechanism is controlled by a handle that pivots about an axis that extends laterally across the aircraft. The difficulty with these mechanisms is that at some point during the opening of the door it is necessary to move the handle downwards, while the latch mechanism is working to move the door upwards. In other words, the person who is trying to open the door by moving it upwards finds it necessary to exert a downwards force on the door. This mechanical inconsistency increases the overall physical strength required to open the door.


The invention concerns dental prostheses. It concerns a method for making a dental prosthesis of composite material by forming an adhesive interface between a metallic support and a cured ceramic material less than 3 mm thick, forming an intermediate interface by treating the surface of a ceramic material with an organic silane, and forming an adhesive interface of the reconstructing mass by treating the silane with an adhesive material compatible with the composite material. The intermediate interface is prepared by an etching operation in conditions liable to form cracks or embrittle the ceramics. The invention is applicable to dental prostheses made of composite material.

The present invention relates to a method of making a dental prosthesis comprising a reconstruction mass fixed to a metal support and formed essentially of a composite material containing a polymer binder having an inorganic filler dispersed therein, and the invention also relates to a dental prosthesis of this type.
Before describing the invention, it is appropriate to specify the terminology used in the present specification and which corresponds to that of the person skilled in the art.
Care of the teeth comprises essentially the field of repair and reconstruction proper of the teeth, and the field of prosthetic reconstructions. The term "repairs" cover fillings (classes I to V), inlays, and onlays.
Prosthetic reconstructions are prostheses that may be fixed or removable. Usually, such reconstructions have a metal portion and apply to a plurality of teeth, although they can also apply to a single tooth only. They are fixed to one or more teeth. They may also be fixed to one or more implants. Such reconstructions are also referred to as "prostheses" in the present specification.
The invention relates to prosthetic reconstructions of the fixed type. In general, these fixed type reconstructions comprise a metal support made by casting a metal or an alloy, and a reconstruction mass that is fixed to the support and that may be made of various different materials. The materials in most widespread use for such fixed reconstructions are ceramic materials and new-generation composite materials.
The term "new-generation composite material" is used to designate a polymerized composite material having bending strength of not less than 100 megapascals (MPa) and Vickers hardness of not less than 450 newtons per square millimeter (N/mm2). As examples of such materials, mention can be made "Columbus" and "Cristobal" from the supplier IDR.
Ceramic prosthetic reconstructions present great rigidity and low bending strength, and they must be fixed on teeth that are solidly consolidated. From the point of view of preparation, protocols for constructing such ceramic prosthetic reconstructions are simple and well established, and they enable practically all prosthesis technicians to obtain a very high success rate. From the point of view of clinical results, it is found that people fitted with such large-sized ceramic reconstructions often encounter problems in the periodontium (alveolysis) possibly with thickening of the alveolodental ligament, and frequently with more or less pronounced mobility of the teeth and fractures. The failure rate due to the above-mentioned problems is significant.
Prosthetic reconstructions made of new-generation composite materials raise an opposite problem. From the point of view of clinical results, these prosthetic reconstructions give excellent results, as has been proved by numerous clinical trials. From the preparation point of view, although it is known how to make dental prostheses having a reconstruction mass that is constituted essentially out of new-generation composite material, as described in document WO 95/06453, such prosthetic reconstructions raise problems of preparation since it is difficult to fix the reconstruction mass to the metal support. Although experienced prosthetic technicians can obtain excellent results in reproducible manner for such fixing, only about one-tenth of prostheses technicians are capable of reliably achieving the bonding needed for fixing such prostheses. It can thus be considered that making prostheses out of new-generation composite materials suffers from the drawback of requiring highly experienced technicians.

Dental prosthesis made of composite material and method for making same


A superconducting cyclotron is provided that includes a superconducting magnet. This superconducting magnet is arranged to provide a magnetic field that extends axially through a chamber which includes a radially extending beam space. There is further an interaction within the chamber between the axially extending magnetic field and RF energy that energizes particles that are circulating within the beam space. There is further a linear accelerator that is aligned with and exposed to the axially extending magnetic field of the superconducting cyclotron. The output of this linear accelerator communicates with an input to the beam space so that the particles for acceleration within the beam space are pre-accelerated by the linear accelerator.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a superconducting cyclotron of the type which does not include an iron yoke and separately to target apparatus and a method for producing isotopes such as technetium-99m utilising the ionised particles produced by a particle accelerator.
2. Description of the Related Technology
A yoke-less superconducting cyclotron, i.e. one which does not include an iron yoke, is described in EP 0221987 and is manufactured by Oxford Instruments under the name OSCAR*. The cyclotron consists of a superconducting magnet having a set of coils housed in a cryostat. The cryostat surrounds an inner chamber within which is located two sets of iron pole pieces, one above the other, between which is provided a beam space in which particles are accelerated. The pole pieces are arranged to interact with the magnetic field generated by the superconducting magnet to render the magnetic field isochronous with an azimuthal variation in strength. The particles are accelerated within the beam space by a large oscillating voltage which is applied across the beam space. FNT * Trade Mark
The development of such known yoke-less superconducting cyclotrons has significantly reduced the general bulk and weight of cyclotrons. However, such "compact" accelerators are limited in the maximum current of the particle beam which can be delivered. For example, the OSCAR* cyclotron is considered to have a theoretical maximum beam current limit of 500 .mu.A for 12 MeV particles (the proton energy best suited for neutron radiography or as a PET isotope producer). One of the significant factors which limits any increase in beam current is the phenomenon known as space charge FNT * Trade Mark blow-up. This phenomenon is the tendency of like charged particles in a beam of ions to repel one another. Since this results in the axial dimension of the beam increasing, at higher currents the circulating particles in the beam have a tendency to strike the RF accelerating structures in the cyclotron. This phenomenon is most noticeable during the first few orbits of the particles in the beam space.
Even if higher beam currents could be obtained from such known cyclotrons, there is a further problem that at higher beam currents, where the ionised particles are to be used in direct production of technetium-99m by means of bombardment of an external target with the accelerated particles, it is difficult to extract the beam from the cyclotron and supply the beam to the target enclosure without causing contamination of the cyclotron with radioactivity from the target bombardment process. Use of a cooled thin exit window to screen the cyclotron from the radioactivity is only effective for beam currents up to approximately 200 .mu.A.
In a conventional cyclotron target it is common for target material to be deposited onto a water cooled copper backing to provide a mechanism for conducting heat away from the target during bombardment by high energy charged particles, but this requires the isotopes produced to be extracted from the target by destructive chemical processing which prevents the target from being reirradiated. This method is therefore undesirable for .sup.99m Tc production which involves many short irradiations due to the short half life and requires the use of expensive enriched target material which must be frequently recycled. Also, the production of .sup.99m Tc on a commercial scale, for example for regional distribution to hospitals, requires the use of high power cyclotrons such as is described herein which have the capacity to deliver milliamperes of proton beam current to a target at energies up to 30 MeV. For example, in order to produce about 300 Ci/day of .sup.99m Tc at end of bombardment a 3 mA beam current is required and the target assembly must be capable of withstanding up to 90 kW power.
Also, at high beam currents, to date difficulties have been encountered in extracting .sup.99m Tc on-line from the expensive .sup.100 Mo target and ensuring the target material is retained or returned in a suitable target form.

Superconducting cyclotron for use in the production of heavy isotopes


In an apparatus for recording a video signal having interlaced fields on a recording medium sequentially using a plurality of rotating heads, a rotational phase of a rotating head relative to a vertical synchronizing signal of the video signal to be recorded is relatively switched for a period corresponding to a phase difference between a vertical synchronizing signal and a horizontal synchronizing signal of each field. It is thereby possible to obtain an excellent video signal without producing discontinuity of horizontal synchronizing signals in a reproducing operation even if a video signal of each field is recorded using any of the plurality of rotating heads having different rotational phases. At that time, objective rotational phases of a rotating cylinder provided with the plurality of rotating heads are present in the same number as the number of rotating heads. Hence, the speed of the start-up synchronizing operation is increased.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a video signal recording apparatus which records an interlaced video signal, which forms one frame using a plurality of fields, on a recording medium using rotating heads.
2. Description of the Related Art
An explanation will now be provided illustrating a VCR (video cassette recorder) of a two-head helical scanning type as an apparatus of this kind.
In a conventional VCR, when recording a video signal which forms one frame using two fields, such as an NTSC signal or the like, the field to be recorded by one of two heads having different azimuths is in general assigned to either one of the two fields of each frame.
The reason will now be explained. In the above-described video signal which forms one frame using two fields, the phases of horizontal synchronizing signals relative to vertical synchronizing signals of the preceding field (hereinafter briefly termed a first field) and the succeeding field (hereinafter briefly termed a second field) of each frame are different from each other by a 0.5 horizontal scanning period (H). Accordingly, when, for example, performing so-called connected recording (wherein pictures recorded at different time periods are connected), if a video signal of the same field is recorded on a track immediately before the connected point of recording and on a track immediately after the connected point, the phases of horizontal synchronizing signals are not continuous at the connected point in a reproducing operation, but shift by 0.5 H. This will cause so-called skew distortion on a reproduced image surface, disturbing the image. Hence, a head having one azimuth always records the video signal of the first field, and a head having the other azimuth always records the video signal of the second field.
By thus predetermining the fields of video signals to be recorded by two heads having different azimuths, horizontal synchronizing signals continue even at connecting portions of recorded signals present in connected recording, insertion recording (wherein a picture recorded at a different time period is inserted) or the like. Hence, an image is not disturbed in a reproducing operation.
In the above-described configuration, however, the rotational phase of a rotating head cylinder having two rotating heads must be controlled in synchronization with each frame of the video signal. Hence, a long time is needed to synchronize the rotational phase of the rotating head cylinder with a desired control target phase. For example, when the head for recording the first field traces a magnetic tape, if the input video signal is the signal of the second field, the phase of the rotating head cylinder must be shifted 180.degree., and a very long time is needed until the rotating head cylinder reaches a servo-locked state. Accordingly, when performing connected recording, insertion recording or the like, the time after the video signal to be recorded has been input and the control of the rotational phase of the rotating head has been started until recording is actually started must be set long, causing a delay of the timing of recording.

Rotating-head video signal recording apparatus


An improved method for linking images at program activation is provided by use of a symbol vector in a sharable code image. The symbol vector is automatically constructed which the linker and operating system use to effect fast lookup of symbol values at program activation, thus providing flexibility similar to that of link-time binding. For each sharable image being constructed, the programmer provides a list of symbols which are to be made visible outside of the image. These symbols may be procedure names, data cells, absolute values, or any other valid use of a symbolic value. The order of this list must remain fixed from one image build to the next. From this list, the "symbol vector" is constructed (as by the linker) of the value of each of the identified symbols, and the symbol vector is associated with the sharable image. A symbol table is also associated with the sharable image, where each symbol has the value of its index in the symbol vector. When resolving references to other images, the linker does a symbolic lookup in the symbol table of the target image and obtains the index into the target symbol vector. That index is bound into the calling image. Then, at program activation, the image activator uses the index bound into a calling image to obtain the current value of the symbol in the target image.

This invention relates to computer programming, and more particularly to a method of making callable symbols visible outside a code image in an environment supporting sharable images.
When a computer program is compiled to produce an object code module, there are symbols within this module that should be visible outside the module, as in procedure calls or the like. Usually, a number of these modules are linked together to produce an executable image, and at the time of linking the relative locations of the callable symbols are identified. When the combined image is activated (at run time) on a central processing unit (CPU), the symbols are assigned memory addresses, so calls are made to specific addresses. Most operating systems used on computers create a single, combined executable image at run time, so these assigned memory locations bear a fixed relationship to other parts of program.
A feature of the VAX/VMS.TM. operating system, however, is the support of sharable object code images. An applications program may make use of library images, e.g., for printing, video display, etc., that are used by many other programs. Rather than use a copy of each of such library images for each applications program, there is provided the capability of sharing such images by a number of programs activated at the same time in a multi-user and/or multi-tasking environment. Thus, when several programs make use of a library image, only one copy of this image need be activated, instead of a copy for each program using it. In this manner, real memory space is conserved. More importantly, in a hierarchical memory it is more likely that the shared image will stay in higher-speed memory rather and be accessible when needed, so overall performance (speed of execution) is improved. That is, it is more likely that the code image needed will be in cache, or in real memory instead of swapped out to disk in a virtual memory system, when it is needed.
Using this sharable image feature of the VMS operating system, large program units ("images") may be constructed from a set of compiled modules, and may invoke service in other such images and in the operating system itself. Hence, images serve as super modular program units which may be supplied by different vendors and which, with certain limitations, do not need to be rebuilt if others around them change. A main program block may use images in memory for specific purposes (e.g., math processing, windowing, etc.) used by other tasks executing on the same CPU, in a multiuser, multitasking environment. In this manner, these auxiliary program functions need not be duplicated in memory, thus conserving memory space, and time is saved upon image activation.
While the feature of sharable code images has been a valuable part of the VAX/VMS operating system, the advance of computer architectures has made it necessary to provide improved or expanded capabilities for programs taking advantage of these advanced architectures. For example, data path widths have expanded from 8-bit, to 16-bit, to 32-bit, and now to 64-bit. Memory has become vastly cheaper and faster. Semiconductor VLSI technologies have allowed more and more of the component parts of a computer to be integrated, with resultant improvements in speed, cost, power dissipation and size. Advances in compiler theories have made it advantageous to expose more of the elemental steps of execution of functions to the programmer or compiler rather than embedding them in microcode. These and other factors have resulted in a trend toward so-called Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) architectures rather than the Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) architecture of the VAX machine. In particular, an advanced 64-bit RISC architecture taking advantage of all of these technology improvements has been developed as set forth in pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 547,619, filed Jun. 29, 1990, now abandoned, assigned to Digital Equipment Corporation, providing a high-performance vehicle for which programs written in VAX code may be transformed. In order for applications programs written for the VAX architecture and the VMS operation system to be directly transformed, many features of VAX/VMS should be supported in the operating system for the advanced RISC architecture. Among these is the concept of sharable images.
Since the advanced RISC architecture has a different instruction set and different linkage mechanisms, provision must be made for translating code from VAX/VMS so that the feature can still be implemented. Additionally, the sharable image feature in VMS had limitations with regard to independence of images, and by relaxing these limitations the implementation in the advanced RISC environment is made more flexible and less constrained.
Previously, the VAX/VMS operating system supported sharable images by employing a transfer vector in the target image. This transfer vector was a data structure having an entry for each procedure within the code image that was to be visible externally. Each entry contained the offset to one of the procedures, and the entries were in a fixed order. The calling image need only have the address of the transfer vector and the order number of the called procedure within the transfer vector. So, at image execution time, the called procedure is referenced by merely referencing the transfer vector (or, more precisely, an offset in the vector according to which ordered number this called procedure was placed) where a pointer to the actual address is found. The actual location of the procedures Proc.sub.-- A, Proc.sub.-- B, etc., in the image 11 could vary, with updates or corrections to the code, for example. As discussed above, however, this method has certain shortcomings in the present environment.
Thus, VAX/VMS by the sharable image feature provides a limited kind of linking between images at program startup. This linkage requires that programmers manually construct a "transfer vector" within each image to be shared, where each entry represents the transfer point for a procedure within that image or possibly a data cell or structure. By constructing this vector (a typical practice at many interfaces of an operating or programming system), the relative value (offset) of each entry is made invariant and may be bound into other images which call this one, so long as the location of the transfer vector is known at activation time.
There are several disadvantages in the use of transfer vectors in the sharable image feature, however. First, additional execution overhead is imposed upon each call to a shared image because of having to pass control through the transfer vector and then to the actual target routine. This overhead consists of executing added instructions and making additional memory references. Secondly, additional programming effort is needed to specify and maintain the transfer vector. Third, execution errors occur if the vector is inadvertently changed. Fourth, there is a lack of flexibility in referencing data cells and structures (as distinguished from executable procedures), since they must be located within the transfer vector itself, or else incur additional execution overhead and programming effort. Fifth, special language semantics may be required for the specification of transfer vectors which may not be available in the programmer's language of choice.

System for linking program units by binding symbol vector index in the symbol table into calling image to obtain current value of the target image


A peripheral device, e.g. a smart phone, receives information defining a secured area perimeter of a secure area and a global positioning system (GPS) about the location of a user. The process compares the security perimeter to the position information to determine whether a user is within the secured area. If the user is outside the secured area and has not returned an access device, e.g. a badge, a temporary pass, etc., the peripheral device posts an alert to the user, e.g. a warning the user may have forgotten to return the access device/badge. Alerts can be posted or sent for other conditions as well.

The present invention relates to a system and method using a smartphone for reminding a user about forgotten objects, and more specifically, to remind users to return forgotten visitor's badges.
When visiting a secured area, a visitor is often given an access device, e.g. a security or visitor's badge, that needs returning later. Sometimes the visitor is required to give some sort of identification or other surety to ensure the access device/badge is returned.
However, it is not uncommon to forget to return the visitor's badge. The problem is compounded when the surety is not returned to the visitor in exchange for returning the badge. For example, if the surety is a form of identification, possibly a passport, that is not returned to the visitor, the visitor potentially risks great inconvenience, e.g. arriving at an airport with no passport.
There is a need for a system that reminds users to return objects like security badges and re-acquire any surety that was given in exchange.

Smartphone based reminding system for forgotten objects

International Business Machines Corporation


A method for providing release-dependant filenames for a device driver, by providing Config information and a table of the driver's component files; assigning unique, release-dependant filenames for the component files; and producing the device driver containing the release-dependant filenames. Scripts and a preprocessor are used to convert filenames and template filename references into actual names. Name conversion comprises converting by a preprocessor for compiled files and converting by scripts for other files. Unique names of files enable simultaneous operation of two versions of a device driver. Methods include encoding module name, version numbers, date, language, and OEM information into the filename; one alphanumeric-character version number and two-character language code; configuration file and automatic generation of Config information; printing device driver with major and minor version numbers; and date encoding for files that are updated more frequently than version updates.

Device drivers are generally known, including a printer driver. Typically, printing from a computer occurs through the use of a printer driver. Upon either an application launch or during a print command load time, the application will call an instance of the printer driver. During a printer driver upgrade and installation process, there can be problems associated with filename access conflicts and lockup. There is a need for a method of assigning filenames for device drivers in a uniform, conflict-free manner. The present invention arose out of the above concerns associated with providing an improved method of providing release-dependant filenames for device drivers.

Release-dependant filenames for device drivers


In the multi colored thermally sensitive recording medium, at least one kind of dye precursor is contained in complex fine particles which contain dye precursor and polymer of multi valence isocyanate compound, further contain 4,4′-diisocyanate-3,3′-dimethyl-1,1′biphenyl and/or polymethylene.polyphenyl.polyisocyanate.

The thermally sensitive recording method is the method to obtain recorded image by providing a thermally sensitive color developing layer mainly composed of colorless or pale colored electron donning type dye precursor and electron accepting type color developer on a substrate and by reacting said dye precursor and color developer instantly with heat using thermal head, thermal pen or laser beam, and is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open publication 43-4160 or Japanese Patent Laid-Open publication 45-14039. This kind of thermal recording method does not need a developing and fixing processes and very shape image can be obtained by simple equipment. Further, the equipment has the advantageous of relatively cheap, compact and maintenance free and noiseless. Therefore, this method is widely applied in the field of a facsimile, a printer, a recorder of measuring instrument, a labeling machine and for a bending machine for train tickets. Along with the expanding of the usage, the required qualities to a thermally sensitive recording medium are becoming more multiplex, for instance, a higher sensitivity, a stabilization of image and a multi coloration of image can be mentioned. Especially, the multi coloration of recorded image has a merit that the letters or patterns to be emphasized can be recorded by a different color tone from the other part.
As a multi chromatic thermally sensitive recording medium, following two types are known. That is, one is a laminated layers type which prepares plural color developing layers that develop different colors on a substrate and to form a recording image using variations of heating temperature or thermal energy, and another one is a single layer type which contains two or more colors precursors which develop different color in same color developing layer.
The multi layered type is characterized to laminate a high temperature color developing layer and a lower temperature color developing layer which develops color by lower temperature range or by lower thermal energy than the high temperature color developing layer, and multi colored by color erasing or color adding. Color developing mechanism in color erasing type can be illustrated as follows. That is, only lower temperature color developing layer develops color by lower temperature heating and at the higher temperature heating, a color erasing agent which has color erasing function to color developing line of the lower temperature color developing layer acts so that only high temperature color developing layer develops color. This method has an advantage that the color developing tone can be voluntarily selected, however, for the purpose to obtain enough color erasing effect, it is necessary to add large amount of color erasing agent, and too much adding of the color erasing agent deteriorate the preservability of the recorded image. Further, since a lot of thermal energy is wasted to fuse the color erasing agent, the problem that the recording sensitivity is deteriorated causes.
In the case of color adding type, a lower temperature color developing layer develops color by lower temperature and a high temperature color developing layer develops color by higher temperature, namely, since these color developing layers develop color simultaneously and colors of these two layers are obtained by mixing, it is necessary to restrict substantially the color of high temperature color developing layer to black. Further, since the black color image of high temperature color developing layer is obtained by mixing with color developing line of lower temperature color developing layer, the color of lower temperature color developing layer is fogged to black color image and the difference between developed color tone become unclear, in particular, the color mixing becomes remarkable at the outermost periphery and becomes difficult to obtain clear black color. Further, when exposed in the high temperature environment such as on a dashboard of car, following problems, namely, the high temperature color developing layer develops color and fogs on the developed color tone by lower temperature, or color becomes black, are caused.
In the case of single layered multi colored thermally sensitive recording medium, the use of micro capsule is known. In Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication 60-242093, the art to contain different color developing components in two or more kind of micro capsules whose glass transition point are different. In Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication 4-101855, the method to form a micro capsule is disclosed. That is, the solution prepared by dissolving dye precursor and wall forming material of microcapsule in water insoluble organic solvent, is emulsified and dispersed in hydrophilic colloidal solution, then the system is heated and the inner pressure of a reacting vessel is vacuumed so as to evaporate off the organic solvent and to form the wall of micro capsule.
However, in the case of above mentioned Japanese Patent Laid-Open publication 60-242093, when the dyes which develop different colors are micro capsuled separately, since these dyes are completely isolated by wall of capsule, the color developing sensitivity are deteriorated and the color isolation feature becomes bad. Further, the micro capsule obtained by the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication 4-101855, is easily crushed by pressure. The micro capsule of Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication 9-76634 is illustrated as follows. That is, the micro capsule is prepared by making a dye as a solute, and oily solution whose solvent is organic solvent is emulsified and dispersed in aqueous solution and to form a wall film composed of polymer surrounding an oily drop. However, in the case of micro capsule which uses organic solvent, the color developing reaction of leuco dye with color developing agent is caused through organic solvent, and causes the problem of deterioration of the ground color or becoming dirty by friction. Still further, the micro capsule of Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication 4-101855 containing solid state dye precursor is easily crushed and is inferior in ground color and resistance to friction, and is not sufficient to obtain a multi colored thermally sensitive recording medium having enough quality.
For the purpose to supplement the defect of the conventional micro capsule, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication 9-102025 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication 9-290565, the method to use complex fine particle obtained by complexing dye precursor with polymer compound composed of poly urea or polyurethane. However, although this method can dissolve the problem of capsule destruction, this method is not sufficient for the purpose to obtain clear lower temperature developed image and clear high temperature developed image.
Concerning above mentioned circumference, the subject of the present invention is to provide a multi colored thermally sensitive recording medium which can obtain clear color tone both is lower temperature color development and higher temperature color development, no fogging at lower temperature color developing tone and high temperature color developing tone and is excellent in color isolation.