The invention provides an electrical program guide system and method by which a desired program can be rapidly selected directly from among a large number of programs with certainty. A program selection screen as a multi-screen is formed from nine reduced screens reduced to one third in the horizontal and vertical directions from screens of programs broadcast on different broadcasting channels. A plurality of such program selection screens are transmitted to a reception side. On the reception side, the program selection screens are stored into a virtual frame memory so that reduced screens of them may make a single virtual screen. From among the reduced screens of the virtual frame, desired 3.times.3 reduced screens are read out and displayed on a multi-screen of full motion. A viewer finds and directly selects a desired program from within the 3.times.3 reduced screens of full motion displayed as the multi-screen. The array of the reduced screens can be automatically changed, based on program enjoyment histories, so that a reduced screen of a program enjoyed frequently by the viewer is disposed at a position which facilitates selection by the viewer such as the upper left position of the screen. The array may be customized such that it is changed to an arbitrary array based on a desire of the viewer.

This invention relates to an electrical program guide system and method wherein a plurality of program selection screens in each of which a plurality of reduced screens indicating the contents of programs of different broadcasting channels are arranged are transmitted and developed into a virtual screen to allow a desired program to be selected rapidly with certainty, intuitively and directly from among a large number of programs.
In recent years, the number of broadcasting channels has increased in a cable television (CATV) system or a digital direct satellite broadcasting system (DSS: Digital Satellite System, a trademark of Hughes Communications) in the United States of America applying a high efficiency coding technique such as the MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group). As a result of an increase in the number of channels, for example, 150 to 200 broadcasting channels are now available, it is not easy to find a desired program from among the multitude of broadcasting channels. In general, to find a desired program, a broadcasting channel is first selected and the program of the selected broadcasting channel is actually confirmed. Then, if the program is not the desired one, another broadcasting channel is selected similarly. When the number of channels is comparatively small, the way of selection just described is not very inconvenient; however when the number of available channels is such a very great number as mentioned above, the way of selection will make the viewer feel cumbersome.
Thus, in order to allow a viewer to readily recognize the contents of programs being currently broadcast, a method of displaying images of the programs being currently broadcast on a so-called multi-screen which includes a plurality of reduced screens has been proposed and is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Application No. Heisei 6-169448.
According to the method disclosed in the document just mentioned, a screen is formed as a multi-screen which is divided into 4.times.4 reduced screens, in each of which a reduced image of a screen of a program broadcast in a different broadcasting channel is displayed. Further, on each reduced screen, the number of the broadcasting channel which is broadcasting the program is displayed in a superimposed condition. Accordingly, the viewer can recognize, observing the reduced screens of the multi-screen, outlines of contents of the individual programs, and when the viewer wants to actually enjoy one of the programs, the viewer will manually operate a remote commander or a like device to input the number of the broadcasting channel of the program.
While such an increase in the number of broadcasting channels as described above is proceeding in the United States of America, a project of digital television broadcasting is proceeding also in Japan. If the project is realized, a large number of broadcasting channels are will be provided, and it will become impossible to present the programs of a large number of broadcasting channels with a mere 16 reduced screens.
Further, the positions of programs to be displayed on individual reduced screens of the multi-screen are fixed. Consequently, the image displaying method described above has a disadvantage that the array of programs of the broadcasting channels to be displayed on the individual reduced screens cannot be varied automatically in accordance with the history of program enjoyment or reduced screens cannot be disposed at arbitrary customized positions of the multi-screen in accordance with a will of the viewer. More specifically, in the prior art, it is impossible to dispose a reduced screen of a program enjoyed comparatively frequently, for example at the left upper position in the multi-screen.

Electrical program guide system and method


Topically applicable pharmaceutical/dermatological/cosmetic compositions, well suited for the therapeutic treatment of neurogenic red skin blotches and rosacea afflicting the skin, scalp and/or mucosae of a human subject, comprise a therapeutically/cosmetically effective amount of at least one TNF-alpha antagonist.

1. Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the formulation of TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha) antagonists into topically applicable cosmetic, pharmaceutical and/or dermatological compositions for treating red blotches on the skin of neurogenic origin, and especially for treating rosacea.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Rosacea is a skin affliction or condition characterized by an erythema of the face most prominent on the cheekbones, forehead and nose and a hyperseborrhoea of the face on the forehead, nose and cheeks, and by an infectious component with pustules.
Moreover, these indications are associated with a neurogenic component, namely, a hyperreactivity of the skin of the face and neck, manifested by the appearance of red blotches and of subjective sensations of the itching or pruritus type, sensations of burning or hotness, sensations of prickling, pins and needles, discomfort, twinges, and the like.
These indications of hyperreactivity may be triggered by a wide variety of factors, such as the consumption of food or of hot or alcoholic beverages, by rapid temperature variations, by heat, and in particular exposure to ultraviolet or infrared irradiation, by a low relative humidity, by exposure of the skin to raging winds or to drafts (fans, air-conditioning), and by the application of surfactants or other compounds even when these are not known to be, especially, irritants.
These red blotches, which can persist for several hours after exposure of the skin to the stimulus, are often unsightly and often create significant psychological embarrassment.
Hitherto, the mechanism of the triggering of these indications was very poorly understood, and rosacea was treated with active agents such as antiseborrhoeic and anti-infectious agents, for example benzoyl peroxide, retinoic acid, metronidazole or cyclines, which acted against the infection and the hyperseborrhoea, but which did not therapeutically treat the erythematous component of this affliction or the hyperreactivity of the skin.
Hence, serious need continues to exist for an effective regimen for the treatment of cutaneous red blotches, an essential component of the hyperreactivity condition of the skin affected by rosacea.

Method for treating neurogenic red skin blotches with compositions containing TNF-alpha antagonists


A method of fat cavitation including infiltrating adipose tissue with a liquid, creating a puncture in a patient's skin, providing a wire, the wire being generally uniform in diameter and having a first end and a second end and introducing the second end of the wire through the puncture in the patient's skin. The method further includes placing at least a portion of the second end of the wire in contact the adipose tissue, generating an ultrasonic wave, transmitting the ultrasonic wave to the second end of the wire, creating cavitation bubbles in at least a portion of the targeted adipose tissue and liquefying at least a portion of the targeted adipose tissue. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

1. Field of the Invention
The present disclosure relates to a minimally invasive method of fat cavitation.
2. Description of the Background of the Technology
Cosmetic surgery, which is mainly consumer driven, represents one of the fastest growing areas in medicine. As people age, they, along with their children, spend millions of dollars each year on cosmetic and aesthetic improvements. Liposuction is one of the most frequently requested of these cosmetic procedures. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) reports that there were over 400 thousand liposuction procedures performed in 2001, making it one of the five most frequently performed cosmetic procedures in the United States. According to the ASPS 2000 national statistics, the total number of liposuction procedures performed in the United States was 354,015. There is a strong rate of growth in the number of procedures performed every year. Recently, there is an increase in the number of microliposuction procedures.
More than 50% of the population of the United States is overweight or obese—this fact is well established. For this segment of the population, plastic and cosmetic surgeries play a complementary role to weight loss training and personal training in improving their quality of life.
The target of liposuction, adipose tissue, is found in the innermost layer of the skin, the subcutaneous layer. The outermost layer of the skin is known as the epidermis, while the intermediate layer is known as the dermis. Fat lysis is a procedure which results in the permanent reduction of adipose tissue. The most commonly accepted liposuction technique utilizes a cannula with a blunt closed tip rather than an open tip or a pointed or sharpened tip. This cannula is a metal tube, about the size of a pencil, which is attached to a suction pump. The cannula, with its rounded tip, is sometimes passed through the fat first, without suction, to develop the proper passageways. Then suction is applied and the surgeon continues passing the cannula through the fat tunnels with repeated radial thrusts and on several levels of the tissue. Adipose tissue is aspirated through a hole in the side of the cannula near its distal end. The cannula must be moved back and forth several times through each tunnel. Problems associated with this technique are similar to those experienced with the older methods of liposuction. Even with a blunt edge at the distal end of the cannula, fat globules are torn off by both scraping and suction power at the side hole. The bleeding is also similar in amount to that resulting from the use of the older, sharp-edged instruments which cut fat tissue and blood vessels without suction.
An alternative technique involves the addition of high frequency ultrasound to traditional liposuction. This procedure typically employs titanium cannulas through which ultrasonic waves are passed. The ultrasonic waves result in disruption of the adipose tissue, making suction of the emulsified adipose tissue through the cannula a somewhat easier process. Another variant includes the use of external ultrasound on the skin overlying the adipose tissue followed by traditional liposuction. With this external application of ultrasound, the adipose tissue is probably dispersed in the tumescent medium prior to being removed through suction.
The safety and efficacy of liposuction have improved over the last twenty years since the treatment began in the United States. Nevertheless, it still has many disadvantages. Complications from liposuction arise from damaged blood vessels. As a result, organized semi-solid blood clots known as "hematoma" form causing damage to overlying skin, as well as contour irregularities. Other complications, such as seroma formation (the collection of body fluids) can produce infection and wrinkles. Nerve conduction may also be affected. Further, too much fat is sometimes removed from the wrong site, resulting in a misshaping of the surrounding tissue. Lastly, liposuction procedures are time consuming and tedious for both the surgeon and the patient.
As mentioned above, conventional liposuction treatment has been enhanced by the use of ultrasound. Following a surgical incision, a probe is inserted into a target area of adipose tissue in a patient. Ultrasonic waves, emanating from a transducer, are transmitted to the adipose tissue via the probe, forming cavitation bubbles and resulting in the liquefaction of that tissue. A transducer which converts electrical energy into mechanical vibrations may be located external to, or be incorporated into, the probe. The liquefied adipose tissue is then aspirated through a suction tube. While this procedure represents a clear improvement over standard liposuction, it still requires a surgical incision, which results in scarring of the skin surface, and significant recovery time for the patient of about 3-6 weeks.

Minimally invasive fat cavitation method

Pittsburgh Plastic Surgery Research Associates


A circuit and method for efficiently configuring an ACAM Select RAM for an ACAM circuit of a tester that tests multiple devices under test (DUTs).

Digital electronic devices utilize integrated circuits. Consumer expectations of high quality demands that extensive testing of the integrated circuits be performed prior to integration into an end device.
Integrated circuit manufacturers utilize large automated testers to perform entire suites of tests on integrated circuits prior to shipment. In general, a test to be performed on an integrated circuit device under test (hereinafter "DUT") consists of a set of pattern vectors that translate to stimulus voltage levels to be applied to input signal pins of the DUT according to pre-specified timing. Signals captured from output signal pins of the DUT are translated into corresponding response vectors that may be analyzed to determine whether the DUT is operating according to specification.
Integrated circuits typically include a number of signal pins used for input and output of "interesting" signals. The signal pins are typically electrically connected to test points on a board. For example, an integrated circuit may be mounted on a printed circuit board. Alternatively, an integrated circuit may be packaged and mounted in a handler (e.g., a socket) for testing. Sockets also exist for integrated circuit dies that are not yet packaged, and even for the semiconductor wafer (in the form of a translator board) on which the integrated circuit is manufactured is not yet even diced. A tester traditionally provides a set of tester interface pins which are designed to electrically connect, typically through a test fixture, to the test points on the handler. As stated previously, the test points are electrically connected to signal pins of the DUT. The conductive paths between the test points up to and including the signal pins of the DUT are traditionally called the "DUT channels".
The tester generally provides a number of signal generating resources that may generate configurable signal levels with configurable timing. The tester also provides signal processing resources capable of converting signals generated by a DUT (e.g., the analog form) into a format (e.g., the digital form) readable by the tester. The signal processing resources may also be configurable. The tester may be configured (by way of a set of relays) to electrically connect any tester resource to any tester interface pin. This process is referred to as "PE channel configuration". The electrical path between a given tester resource up to and including the tester interface pin that the resource is configured to connect to is referred to as a "pin electronics channel" (or "PE channel").
To test a DUT, the DUT is mounted on the tester such that the test points connected to DUT channels are probed by predetermined tester interface pins. The tester is configured to connect appropriate tester resources to each of the probed DUT channels by way of a PE channel. DUT channels electrically connect to PE channels in a one-to-one mapping. Various other configurations are required, for example specifying the DUT layout and setting up a given test, but ultimately the tester applies test vectors to, and receives test responses from, the DUT channels by way of the PE channels. Tester software may process the test results to determine whether or not the DUT passed the test.
The data generated for application to the DUT may originate from several sources, including test instructions (that may include addresses and data), buffer memory, and algorithmic pattern generator (APG) resources. Ultimately, test data is processed by an adjustable crossover address multiplexer (ACAM) to be multiplexed along with address information before going to PE channels and ultimately to DUT channels. The ACAM maps APG resources including X, Y, Z address components and data generator components to PE channels, which connect to DUT channels. The ACAM may be implemented with a large set of crossbar multiplexers that connect APG resources to PE channels under the control of a select signal.
A tester may allow testing of DUTs that have a narrower external data bus than its internal data word width. For example, a tester may test DUTs that have memory cells arranged in 32-bit words, but the devices may only have an 8-bit bus. This requires four bus write transactions to write the data associated with a single memory address. Accordingly, during any given test execution instruction 119, only a subset of the APG data routed to the error data PE channels 136 is applied to the DUT during any given bus cycle. The result of the above requirements is that the configuration of the ACAM must be switchable from one bus cycle to the next. This is accomplished by having the ACAM multiplexer selects sourced by a series of configuration words stored in a memory, such as a random access memory (RAM), whose address is selected each bus cycle by a microcode instruction field corresponding to the present instruction. The memory that stores the ACAM configuration words is herein referred to as the "ACAM Select RAM".
Because the tester is designed to test integrated circuit devices of varying designs, the tester must be configured at test setup time to instruct the tester which tester resources (including address and data components) should connect to which PE channels (and therefore, ultimately, which DUT channels).
Typically, mapping of tester resources to PE channels is performed by specifying, in a series of tester configuration instructions that are compiled into configuration instructions recognizable by ACAM Select RAM loading logic, an association of each resource to a corresponding PE channel for each instruction. That is to say, for every address location in the ACAM Select RAM, a test writer must keep track of the tester resources that will source the data and addresses to be applied to the various DUT channels for every DUT, and the corresponding PE channels to which these resources should be mapped. In writing the test instructions, this makes for very long configuration statements, increasing the probability of typographical errors and subsequent test debug time.
As semiconductor devices become more complicated, the number of DUT channels that require probing is increasing, which increases the complexity of the PE channel configuration. In order to maximize throughput, today's testers often allow multiple DUTs to be tested simultaneously. This is achieved by designating different groups of pin electronics channels to service different DUTs mounted in the tester. While this parallel test execution approach certainly improves over serial testing techniques, the tester configuration required during tester configuration and test setup remains lengthy. This is due to the traditional hardware-centric paradigm of configuring the tester which does not utilize any identification of particular DUTs, in either the hardware or software, in its associations between PE channels, tester resources, DUT channels, etc.
For example, referring back to the discussion of the ACAM Select RAM, in the traditional hardware-centric paradigm, tester-resource-to-PE-channel configuration must still be performed by specifying an association of the tester resource and its corresponding PE channel for each DUT, regardless of whether or not the DUTs to be tested are identical. In the typical manufacturing line case in which all of the multiple DUTs to be tested are identical, the advantages afforded by similarity of the DUT designs cannot be exploited if the tester configuration does not support the concept of DUT identification.
It would therefore be useful to have a tester configuration approach that would allow tester-resource-to-PE-channel configuration for all DUTs simultaneously, thereby reducing tester configuration time.

Mapping logic for loading control of crossbar multiplexer select RAM


A process is disclosed for the particle form polymerization of olefins. The process employs a titanium-containing having hydrocarbon soluble titanium components. The resulting catalyst is pretreated with an organometallic reducing agent prior to the introduction of the catalyst into the polymerization zone to give a catalyst which can be used satisfactorily in a loop reactor with lower levels of cocatalyst.

One of the more common techniques employed for the polymerization of olefins involves carrying the polymerization out in a liquid diluent under conditions such that the polymer is formed in the forms of solid particles such that the reaction product is a slurry of particulate polymer solids suspended in a liquid medium. Such reaction techniques have been referred to as slurry or particle form polymerizations. A particularly desirable method for carrying out such particle form polymerization involves the use of continuous loop-type reactors. Examples of such reactor systems are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,152,872 and 4,424,341, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
In the past, many of the commercial particle form polymerization processes have used chromium based catalysts. Such processes have, however, also been carried out using titanium based catalyst and organometallic cocatalysts.
When using low levels of cocatalyst in the particle form polymerization the applicants have noted some problems in using a titanium based catalyst. Even though the levels of cocatalysts are high enough to ensure sufficient productivity, it has been observed that with a titanium-containing catalyst system when the level of cocatalyst drops below a certain level there is a tendency for a skin of some type to form within the reactor walls inhibiting heat transfer. On bench scale units where the polymerization is only an hour or so long and where heat transfer is usually not critical the phenomena is usually not observed. However, in commercial scale polymerizations, particularly in loop reactors the phenomena has been observed.
The exact nature of this skin formation is not understood at this time. It has been theorized by the applicants that it may be due to the formation of soluble polymer or soluble catalyst. One theory of the applicants is that it may actually be due to the bleeding off of hydrocarbon soluble species from the catalyst.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for the particle form polymerization of olefins using a titanium containing catalyst system with a reduced tendency to cause the formation of a skin during the polymerization.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the particle form polymerization of olefins using a titanium based catalyst which can be employed satisfactorily with low cocatalyst levels.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a titanium catalyst which can be used in a commerical scale particle form polymerization without the employment of high levels of cocatalyst.
Other aspects, objects, and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the following disclosure.


A method of blocking network attacks using information included in a packet, and an apparatus thereof are provided. The method includes: receiving a packet containing information on the packet including at least information on a source from which the packet is sent, and information on a destination to which the packet is sent; and extracting the information on the packet included in the packet, comparing the information with a predetermined access control condition, and blocking or passing the packet. By doing so, a packet being transferred with a routing header capable of bypassing a security device as in an Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) network can be appropriately blocked or passed. Accordingly, security problems caused by the routing header can be overcome, and as a result, usage of the routing header can be promoted. Also, since a routing header can be used for transmitting a packet along a desired path, the routing header can be widely used without security problems, and can ease network security concerns relating to IPv6 networks that are expected to come into increasingly wide use.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to network security, and more particularly, to a method of blocking network attacks using information included in a packet, and an apparatus thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
A firewall, which is used to prevent illegal access through a network, determines whether to block or allow packets, based on the source and destination addresses of a packet Internet Protocol (IP) header transmitted through a network. In the conventional Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) environment, this method is generally used.
However, Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) networks in the new IPv6 environment have a variety of features. Among these features, a weakness against a bypass attack using a routing header is a problem that necessarily needs to be solved.
That is, in the IPv6 network environment, preventing illegal access using the conventional method may not be possible, because a routing header may be used to enable access to a system protected by a firewall in the IPv6 network environment.
The routing header is a type of extension header that is a new structure of IPv6 networks, and provides a function allowing an IP packet to pass a desired system, by a user specifying an arbitrary system through which the IP packet is desired to pass, in the routing header. However, this function has a security weakness point allowing a packet to access a system to which access is restricted, by bypassing a blocking function of a firewall that is an access control function.
The routing header is a feature unique to IPv6 networks, used by a packet to specify one or more intermediate nodes through which the packet is desired to be transmitted, so that the packet can be transmitted through the nodes. If this feature is used, an ordinary security device that blocks a harmful packet, by using a source address and a destination address, can be bypassed. Since IPv6 networks and security devices therefor have not been generally used yet, the known security weakness problem as described above has not yet been overcome.

Method of blocking network attacks using packet information and apparatus thereof

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute