A ceramic electronic device includes: a multilayer chip having a first and a second internal electrode layers; a first and a second external electrodes covering a first a second regions of a surface of the multilayer chip, wherein: a mark is shifted on a side of one of two end faces on an upper face; the first internal electrode layer is exposed to the first region and connected to the first external electrode; the second internal electrode layer is exposed to the second region and connected to the second external electrode; the second internal electrode is shifted further on a side of the lower face than on a side of the upper face; the second internal electrode layer is shifted further on a side of the lower face than the upper face; the second region is a region of a half of the surface on the lower face side.

Recently, electronic devices achieve multifunction and high frequency. Therefore, low capacity capacitors and low loss capacitors are demanded. The electronic devices are requested to minimize capacity variation and have low ESR and low loss in a high frequency range. The electronic devices are requested to have resistance to noise, since mounting density of components is increased. For the purpose of achieving the demands, it is thought that capacitors have asymmetrical internal structure and directions of mounting of the capacitors are regulated. And so, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2014-183187 discloses that capacitors have an asymmetrical internal structure.

Multilayer ceramic capacitor, package of multilayer ceramic capacitor and component mounting circuit substrate


A highly convenient design support method and design support system for a heat convection field or a mass diffusion field which significantly reduce the number of times of numerical simulation required to examine the designing parameters for achieving the design purpose. The design support method includes a forward analysis step of analyzing the heat convection field or the mass diffusion field by solving an equation of the heat convection field or the mass diffusion field based on an initially set value of a designing parameter, an inverse analysis step of analyzing a sensitivity defined by a change ratio of the design purpose to a designing parameter change by solving an adjoint equation corresponding to the design purpose based on the set design purpose, and a sensitivity display step of displaying information on the sensitivity analyzed by inverse analysis step as a graphic image on the display device.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a design support method, a design support system, and a design support program for supporting the design of a heat convection field or a mass diffusion field.
2. Description of the Related Art
Design of a heat convection field or a mass diffusion field is required in various sites or uses such as, for example, design of an indoor environment using an air conditioning apparatus, thermal design of electronic devices, and management of exhaust gas concentration in plants.
Along with the recent increase in the operation speed of computers, numerical simulations of a heat convection field or a mass diffusion field have been put into practice, and some general purpose heat and fluid flow analysis software and the like have already become commercially available and are used as designing tools. However, such software is generally used to simply obtain a solution to appropriate parameters given by a designer. For the purpose of optimization, such designing parameters are now repeatedly modified in a trial-and-error manner based on the experience of designers. Namely, the solution obtained by a numerical simulation performed once is merely a specific solution to a specific boundary condition (an initial value of a designing parameter). When the boundary condition is changed, the numerical simulation needs to be performed again.
In the meantime, an inverse problem approach which combines a numerical simulation and mathematical programming to realize automatic optimization is recently a target of attention. Various methods of optimization have been attempted. Such optimization methods are roughly classified into gradient-based optimization methods using numerical derivatives obtained by a finite difference method, and global optimization methods using genetic algorithms or the like. With each group of methods, the required number of times of numerical simulation rapidly increases as the number of designing parameters increases. Therefore, in the case where the number of designing variables is large or infinite (distribution amount), it is difficult to realize optimization within a reasonable amount of time.
Such a conventional technique of giving a boundary condition and then obtaining the temperature or the like at a target position (hereinafter, referred to as the "forward problem approach") is not practical because the numerical simulation needs to be performed too many times until the design purpose is achieved. For these reasons, there have been no general-purpose design support systems which are easily usable at the site of design.
A technique of analyzing the influence, of a change in the temperature or the like as a boundary condition, exerted on a minute temperature change or the like of the target position to find a desirable boundary condition (hereinafter, referred to as the "inverse problem approach") has been proposed (see, for example, non-patent documents Kazunari MOMOSE et al., "Influence of Thermal and Flow Boundary Perturbations on Convection Heat Transfer Characteristics," Journal of The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (edition B), June 2000, Vol. 66, No. 646, pp. 215-221, and Kazunari MOMOSE et al., "Influence of Thermal and Flow Boundary Perturbations on Convection Heat Transfer Characteristics: Numerical Analysis Based on Adjoint Formulation", 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Heat Transfer Asian Research, 32(1): 1-12, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (WWW.interscience.Wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10065).
According to the methods described in the above non-patent documents, in order to comprehensively evaluate the influence of thermal and flow boundary perturbations, a perturbation equation from the convection field, which is used as the reference, is introduced and the adjoint formulation to the perturbation equation is derived. In accordance with the problem, an adjoint problem and the boundary condition therefore are set. Using the numerical solution in the reference state together with the numerical solution to the adjoint problem, changes in various heat transfer characteristics to an arbitrary thermal perturbation and an arbitrary flow perturbation on the boundary are estimated.

Design support method, design support system, and design support program for heat convection field


Tracks (35), fastened to static structure of an aircraft engine nozzle, guide sliders (32) journaled in struts (27, 28) fastened to a flap (23) of the nozzle. Each slider and attached journal axle or bolt (33) is formed of cobalt, and each track slider surface (61) and journal bushings (43, 44) are formed of a nickel alloy to reduce wear from rubbing. Track slides (40, 41) are mounted to the static structure of the nozzle by blind bolts (68) having a tool recess (70) at its threaded tip to prevent the bolt (68) from turning as a nut is secured. Each slider has limited rotation due to a pin (102), thereon engaging a slot in a tab (100) of the bushing (43) to assist in inserting the slider (32) into the beveled ends of the tracks (35, 36), when mounting or replacing a flap.

It is conventional to use a plurality of individually movable flaps to form nozzles at the exhaust end of large turbofan aircraft engines. The flaps are typically pushed or pulled in an omnidirectional sense, the movement being guided by two or more tracks within which a sliding element disposed on the flap will translate so as to define the flap's motion. An example is patent publication US 2011/0297758. In that publication, a slider block slides within tracks, but it is also known to utilize rollers which roll within tracks. The blocks or rollers and tracks provide a guided constraint when the flaps are commanded to move in response to a change of the nozzle area ratio or when nozzle vectoring (steering of the aircraft) is required. However, excessive wear of the tracks and the elements that slide within them has been noted.


In an imaging system including firmware and a user interface control panel, a firmware-based internal page component is capable of receiving and registering internal page data from a source external to the page component itself. The internal page component can install a control panel display menu item corresponding to the registered internal page, and then capture user control panel input relating to that page. The component can then open a data pipe, and invoke the internal page data. The data pipe can be provided in the form of a VIO channel, e.g., invoking a print job, or can involve converting internal page data to a format capable of being viewed by a web browser. The internal page component can be installed as a part of the firmware of the imaging system. Internal page data can be received from a source external to the imaging system firmware, for example, from a storage device such as a flash disk, RAM disk, or hard disk. The internal page component can be embodied as a firmware-based dynamic internal page system. The internal page system includes an internal page registration mechanism adapted and constructed to register internal pages from page sources external to the firmware of the imaging system. The internal page system also includes an internal page retrieval mechanism adapted and constructed to selectively retrieve internal pages from the page sources. A method of handling internal pages in an imaging system including firmware is also provided.

The present invention relates to internal pages associated with imaging systems. More specifically, the present invention relates to FIRMWARE-BASED dynamic registration and retrieval of internal pages from sources external to the imaging system.
Imaging systems such as printers, fax machines, and copiers are virtually omnipresent, and can be found in homes and offices worldwide. The development of such systems has facilitated improvements in communication that have in turn fostered an enormous change in the way people live and work. Telecommuting, paperless offices, and intra-office networks represent but a few examples of the advancements that have been made possible by modern imaging systems.
Some imaging systems, such as the HP LASERJET 8100 by Hewlett-Packard Company, use firmware as part of their operating systems. Firmware gets its name from having characteristics of both hardware and software, and is typically provided as permanent instructions embedded within ROM (read-only memory) chips, such as PROM xe2x80x94Programmable and ROM EPROMxe2x80x94Erasable Programmable ROM.
One example of a firmware-based feature in an imaging system is an xe2x80x9cinternal pagexe2x80x9d. Internal pages contain information that is useful to imaging system users, such as printer configuration pages, printer network card pages, and font list pages. Typically, internal pages are permanently installed in the system firmware, and invoked by system users via the imaging system""s control panel. Since the pages are part of the firmware build, it is relatively difficult to add additional internal pages or to alter existing pages. For example, if a marketing department found it desirable to generate an internal page demonstrating a new printer accessory, it would be necessary to install a special firmware build to create a special printer configuration page containing the desired information. In addition to the special build, a method of invoking the special page from the existing control panel is required. A currently known method involves installing a control panel display menu, then capturing the SELECT key press from the user keyboard input. A VIO (Virtual Input/Output) channel is opened up, and the internal page is printed.
Thus, in known systems, both a special firmware build and page-specific instructions are required to make any changes or additions to internal pages. Given the complexity and expense involved, these requirements present a significant obstacle to making otherwise desirable changes. Consequently, this potentially useful information channel is not being used to its fullest potential in existing system configurations.
It can thus be seen that the need exists for a method and apparatus for adding and retrieving internal pages that ameliorates the disadvantages of internal page alterations in known systems.
These and other objects are achieved by providing, in an imaging system including firmware and a user interface control panel, a firmware-based internal page component. The internal page component is capable of receiving and registering internal page data from a source external to the page component itself. The internal page component can install a control panel display menu item corresponding to the registered internal page, and then capture user control panel input relating to that page. The component can then open a data pipe, and invoke the internal page data. The data pipe can be provided in the form of a VIO channel, e.g., invoking a print job, or can involve converting internal page data to a format capable of being viewed by a web browser.
The internal page component can be installed as a part of the firmware of the imaging system. Internal page data can be received from a source external to the imaging system firmware, for example, from a storage device such as a flash disk, RAM disk, or hard disk.
The internal page component can be embodied as a firmware-based dynamic internal page system. The internal page system includes an internal page registration mechanism adapted and constructed to register internal pages from page sources external to the firmware of the imaging system. The internal page system also includes an internal page retrieval mechanism adapted and constructed to selectively retrieve internal pages from the page sources.
The internal page registration mechanism can be provided with the ability to create dedicated menu items in the imaging system firmware, and to receive internal page data from a source external to the imaging system firmware.
In imaging systems having a control panel including a plurality of menu items, and the internal page retrieval mechanism can be adapted and constructed to receive input from the imaging system control panel. Where the imaging system includes a job manager, and the internal page retrieval mechanism can be adapted and constructed to create a job stream in response to input from the imaging system control panel, then send the job stream to the system job manager.
A method of handling internal pages in an imaging system including firmware is also provided. The method includes the step of providing an internal page component in the imaging system firmware. The internal page component is then actuated to register at least one internal page from a page source external to the firmware of the imaging system. Next, the internal page component is actuated to selectively retrieve at least one registered internal page.
The step of actuating the internal page component to register at least one internal page can include the step of creating at least one dedicated menu item in the imaging system firmware, and that of receiving internal page data from a source external to the imaging system firmware, for example, an external storage device.
The step of actuating the internal page component to selectively retrieve at least one registered internal page can include receiving input from the imaging system control panel to select a particular registered internal page, then creating a job stream in response to input from the imaging system control panel, then sending the job stream to the system job manager.
The features of the invention believed to be patentable are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may be best understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Dynamic internal page registration and retrieval system


A memory module testing system operating in a vibratory environment can retain a memory module in place in a memory socket using both socket latches and a retainer clip. The retainer clip can attach to a module support tower of the memory socket. The retainer clip can have a flexible multi-spring structure forming a three-axis vibration dampening system that can prevent the socket latches from opening while testing in the test environment. The retainer clip can secure the socket latches using an upper flange and a lower flange to prevent unintended motion of the socket latches. The retainer clip can be secured to the module support towers at the ends of the memory socket using clip arms and clip arm tips to attach to the module support towers.

The approaches described in this section are approaches that could be pursued, but not necessarily approaches that have been previously conceived or pursued. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated, it should not be assumed that any of the approaches described in this section qualify as prior art merely by virtue of their inclusion in this section.
Modern computing involve certain operations of computer systems that are equipped with main memory units and memory storage sub-systems for processing by one or more processors. The memory units can be used to store data and include high speed interfaces between memory modules and the processor units of the computer systems. The memory units can be modular devices coupled to sockets to allow for replaceability and upgradeability.
As technology has improved, the memory modules have increased in capacity and performance. The memory bus interface between the memory modules and the computing systems have increased in size and speed to match the memory modules. Evaluating and testing the memory modules mounted in the memory sockets is required for verify performance of the memory modules and the computer system. Further, as computer systems are more widely used in industrial and consumer environments, they must be adequately tested under a variety of environmental conditions.
The requirements of modern computer systems and their associated memory testing systems are constantly increasing to accommodate the ever increase needs of modern computing applications. Computing power, local memory speed, storage capacity, data transfer rates, and power requirements grow without limit and require innovative solutions to satisfy the demands of modern computer systems and their deployment environments.

Rugged memory module retainer clip system


A lens barrel includes a first holding member configured to hold a lens, a second holding member configured to hold the first holding member, a protection member located at an object side of the lens in an openable and closable manner and configured to protect the lens when in a closed state, and a drive member configured to open and close the protection member. The first holding member includes an adjustment surface configured to support the first holding member rotatable with respect to the second holding member around a point located on an optical axis of the lens. The drive member is located such that the drive member overlaps the first holding member as viewed from an optical axis direction of the lens.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a lens barrel having a lens adjustment mechanism and a lens protection function, and an imaging apparatus with the lens barrel.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a lens barrel with an optical system including a plurality of optical units, such as a zoom lens, inclinations of the optical units with respect to an optical axis may cause a deterioration of optical performance. In view of the above, in order to decrease a deterioration of optical performance, such a lens barrel that has an inclination adjustment mechanism that adjusts an inclination of, for example, a first optical unit has been discussed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-173413.
The lens barrel as discussed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-173413, however, includes no protection member that protects a lens under a condition that an imaging apparatus is stored, such that the lens may be damaged, get dusty or be stained on a lens surface thereof.
While there is one in which a cover member that covers a surface of the lens facing to an object side is fit into a lens barrel to protect the lens during a storage state of the imaging apparatus, manipulation is troublesome since a user is required to remove the cover member having fit into the lens barrel when the user uses the imaging apparatus. Further, the user is required to keep the removed cover member or to connect the cover member to the imaging apparatus with a string or the like, such that managing the removed cover member is troublesome.
Another conventional example of the lens barrel with a cover member includes one in which a sliding cover member is provided on an apparatus body of the imaging apparatus to power on/off the imaging apparatus according to a slide position of the sliding cover member.
Since the above conventional example requires rail portions for supporting the sliding cover member and a retaining mechanism for retaining the cover member while keeping the cover member closed or open, the imaging apparatus becomes larger.


Disclosed is a system and method for providing real-time visual customer support. In one embodiment, the present system is configured to enhance native phone communication by simultaneously being able to deliver one-way real-time visual streaming from the end consumer. In this way, the present invention allows businesses to participate in collaborative audio-visual communication during the very first customer contact over the phone.

Overwhelming majority of all customer communications occur over the phone. Despite the increasing presence of social media and online customer service tools, the nature of this paradigm is that voice communications are the most direct interactive communications that exist. While it is convenient to use the phone, verbal communications over the phone often fall short of enabling the listener to adequately understand, diagnose, triage, and resolve the issues. In this regard, verbal communications have the apparent lack of clarity, which makes customer service support extremely expensive while frustrating to many.
Over the past few years, there has been an increase in a number of video conferencing and video chat solutions on the market. Modern real-time video communications systems fuse audio and video data into a uniform medium that combines the voice and the video channels together. In web conferencing, the video and the audio travel together and the video frames are synchronized for optimal quality teleconferencing interaction, creating a uniform transmission of communication.
Combining voice communication with visual communication, and in particular, real-time video, makes the communication simpler, easy, and productive while increasing the quality of a customer service experience. Phone conversations, whether coming from a mobile device or a landline do not have a way to deliver a visual stream to the conversation. Generally, existing video conferencing systems, e.g., Skype, require participants to be connected to each other prior to commencing a conversation. Another video conferencing system, FaceTime, is limited for use on certain devices, namely, Apple devices. Furthermore, existing systems and methods for conducting real-time video transfer or live streaming rely heavily on network connectivity. In this regard, live video streaming is very sensitive to the network bandwidth capacity, and quality of the video can suffer depending on the bandwidth and the size of the video resolution. Thus, videos must be recorded and then uploaded at a later time if network connectivity is not available or unreliable.
In addition, all of the existing systems require the participants to install software on their electronic devices in order to start communicating. For example, to communicate over Skype, all parties in communication must first install the Skype application before calling. Similarly, to communicate over FaceTime, both parties must have an Apple device with the FaceTime application pre-installed. In this regard, existing systems require an initial set up process to configure an end user to become a conversation participant and acquire a visual communication. More specifically, the end user, i.e., a customer, would have to call a customer support hotline, connect to a customer service support agent, hang up the phone, install appropriate software, and then re-connect with another customer service support agent through a separate system, e.g., via the installed software. Alternatively, the end user must have a pre-recorded video and transmit it to the customer service support agent via a secondary platform such as a website for sharing videos.
The examples above illustrate that there have been limited means to enhance a phone conversation with a real-time visual channel. Applying these concepts to help desk support and/or customer service environments, field operations, etc. and then fitting them within a business workflow, creates a need for a real-time video centric customer service support help system that allows customer service support agents, or business employees, to connect to real-time visual streams coming from the mobile devices of their customers and other employees.
The present invention provides a system that combines ad-hoc real-time visual streaming functionality into a centralized hub of customer service interaction or a field operation management enterprise platform. The system includes unique algorithms for identifying participants of the communication channels using mobile device metadata and the way they connect to the other parties, and re-routing of the audio channel for uniform processing. This innovative invention not only addresses the dynamic ability to provide the visual without disconnecting from the phone, but also provides solutions to tackle on-demand distribution of the application, while the end user or the customer is connected over the phone.

Real-time visual customer support enablement system and method


A method and apparatus for controlling access to data communication applications is disclosed. According to the method, the DNS names of the servers of the data communication applications are identified. The identified DNS names are used to determine the IP addresses of the servers. Furthermore, the identified IP addresses are used to control access to the data communication applications for the requests going to the servers of the data communication applications.

1. Field of Invention
Various embodiments of the invention relate in general to data communication applications. More specifically, the various embodiments of the invention relate to methods and systems for controlling access to the data communication applications.
2. Description of the Background Art
Examples of the data communication applications may include instant messaging applications, email applications, and the like. Communication of information that is confidential, or can be a reason for unnecessarily overloading the network, should be avoided. This information can be in the form of emails, instant messages, and files transferred by using emails or instant messaging (IM) applications, and voice mails. IM applications can be considered to be commonly abused data communication applications, mainly because of the unavailability of an easily accessible record of data communication taking place among the users. IM provides the ability to easily check whether friends or co-workers are connected to the network, and, if they are, to exchange messages with them. Examples of the network may include a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), an intranet, an extranet, the Internet, and an enterprise network. IM applications are primarily used for online chatting in the network. However, users can abuse these applications. For example, users in an enterprise may transfer confidential data pertaining to the enterprise, in the form of files, to third parties. Moreover, IM applications are also used for network attacks, and to spread viruses and other security threats on the network.
Conventional techniques, used to control IM applications, include using a stand-alone proxy server through which each IM application running on the network of the enterprise connects. The proxy server is used to define and enforce a security policy on IM applications running in the enterprise. However, using a proxy server is an enterprise-level solution and can be overkill in Small Office Home Office (SOHO)-level networks and other low-end user networks. SOHO-level and low-end user networks need an easy solution to control IM applications.
Other than using the proxy server, conventional techniques include the use of a firewall deployed on a router in the network, which can enforce the security policy on IM applications. The firewall controls the IM applications crossing the boundary of the network, and blocks access to an IM application by using an IP address corresponding to a server of the IM application. Most of the servers of IM applications, hereinafter referred as IM servers, use a set of dynamic IP addresses. Therefore, each query to an IM server of the IM application, hereinafter referred to as a DNS query, results in a different IP address from the set of dynamic IP addresses. Furthermore, the set of dynamic IP addresses can also be changed without prior notice. Therefore, it is difficult to maintain an IP address-based access control list (ACL) in a router, to control access to IM applications.
An IM server can communicate data through a number of ports that is more than the number assigned by the network administrator for data transfer. Moreover, the IM server can communicate the data through many unrelated ports that are allocated to other well-known applications, such as telnet, file transfer protocol (ftp), and simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP). When assigned ports are blocked, clients using the IM server can detect this automatically and can be configured to communicate the data through the unrelated ports assigned to other applications. Hence, the IM server is able to communicate the data through any port that is allowed to pass through the firewall.
Therefore, the mechanisms, as described above, can easily break the existing firewall to communicate data that should not be allowed to travel across the network.

Method and system for controlling access to data communication applications


Advertisement response probabilities are utilized to alter advertisement scores. A plurality of possible advertisements is accessed from, for example, an advertisement database or advertisement pipeline. A response probability for each advertisement is determined. A response probability may be a probability that a user will “click,” or otherwise select an advertisement. Advertisements may be associated with probabilistic prediction models that take advertisement recipient attribute values as inputs and provide a probability distribution as output. A score associated with each of the possible advertisements is altered based on the response probability for each of the advertisements. Statistical prediction is used to determine how scores are to be altered. Advertisements with response probabilities less than a mean probability may have associated scores decreased. Conversely, advertisements with response probabilities greater than a mean probability may have associated scores increased.

1. The Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to targeted advertising. More specifically, the present invention relates to systems, methods, and computer program products for modifying an advertisement score based on a probability that a user will respond to the advertisement, the advertisement score being indicative of whether the advertisement should be presented.
2. Background and Relevant Art
Advertisers often present advertisements to users of networked computer systems (e.g., Internet-connected computer systems) in hopes that the users of the networked computer systems will become interested in the advertised products. At times, advertisers may present advertisements that are viewed by users and as a result generate user interest in the advertised product. However, at other times, and perhaps more frequently, viewed advertisements generate little, if any, user interest in advertised products. In some cases, users simply ignore advertisements, not viewing them at all.
In the past, the reduced effectiveness of advertisements presented on computer networks was in part due to advertisers having reduced amounts of contextual data associated with possible advertisement recipients. In a broadcast or cable television environment, an advertiser may, at the very least, have contextual data on the channel that will present an advertisement. In many cases, an advertiser will also have contextual data on the programming and time of day during which an advertisement will be presented. However, computer networks, such as the Internet, may include voluminous amounts of information, only a small portion of which may be of interest to a particular user. An advertiser may have had no way to determine what a particular user is interested in and thus present appropriate advertisements.
As such, a variety of advertising techniques have been developed to "target" users on a computer network. These targeting techniques are designed to present advertisements that, if viewed, have increased chances of generating user interest in an advertised product. Conventional targeting techniques often associate advertisements with advertisement scores, where advertisements with higher scores are presented to a user before advertisements with lower scores. An advertising server may generate a score for a number of advertisements and then present the advertisements with the higher scores to a user.
An advertisement server may use deterministic rules when generating advertisement scores. Each advertisement may begin with a base score that is modified as successive rules are applied. A deterministic rule may be, for example, "if a user is less than age 30, then increase the score for this advertisement." The advertisement server may access user data, for example, data contained in a user profile, to determine how rules are applied. If the advertisement server accessed user data indicating that a particular user is age 25, application of the previous rule would result in an increase in associated advertisement scores.
A series of rules may be applied based on different portions of user data, for example, age, sex, and income, to cause an advertisement score for a particular group of users to be increased or decreased. This is beneficial, as an advertiser may configure a series of rules to increase advertisement scores for particular groups of users the advertiser believes are more likely to be interested in a particular product. Likewise, an advertiser may configure a series of rules to decrease advertisement scores for particular groups of users the advertiser believes are less likely to be interested in a particular product.
Current targeting techniques are beneficial for increasing the chances of presenting advertisements that will generate user interest. However, current targeting techniques fail to consider the probability that a potentially interested user will actually respond to an advertisement by buying the advertised product or selecting the advertisement ("clicking through") to view additional information. For example, it may be that a user is interested in an advertised product but for some reason has a decreased probability of responding to an advertisement associated with the product. Presenting advertisements to users who have decreased probabilities of responding to the advertisements results in inefficient use of advertisement server resources. Additionally, a user with a reduced probability for responding to an advertisement may find presentation of such an advertisement undesirable.
Therefore, what are desired are systems, methods, and computer program products, for modifying an advertisement score based on a probability that a user will respond to the advertisement.

Modifying advertisement scores based on advertisement response probabilities


The present invention provides a method for inhibiting growth of a cancer cell, particularly a renal cell carcinoma, by contacting the cell with a composition composed of an HIG2 siRNA or HIG2 antibody. Methods of diagnosing renal cell cancer are also provided within the present invention.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the third most common malignancy of the genitourinary system and corresponds to 2-3% of all human malignancies. Surgical resection is the most effective treatment for patients with localized RCC tumors, but such treatment for patients with advanced-stage RCC is not satisfactory. Although some biomedical therapies have been reported to show ˜20% response rate, they often cause severe adverse reactions and do not generally improve patients' survival. Among patients who have surgical treatment, approximately 25-30% relapse after surgery (Ljungberg B., Alamdari F. I., Rasmuson T. & Roos G. Follow-up guidelines for nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma based on the occurrence of metastases after radical nephrectomy. BJU Int. 84, 405-411 (1999); Levy D A., Slaton J W., Swanson D A. & Dinney C P. Stage specific guidelines for surveillance after radical nephrectomy for local renal cell carcinoma. J Urol. 159, 1163-1167 (1998)). Tumor stage and surgical respectability are the most important prognostic factors for RCC; however, to date, little is known of the underlying molecular mechanisms that influence this variety in prognoses.
RCC tumors can be subdivided on the basis of histological features into clear cell (80%), papillary (˜10%), chromophobe (<5%), granular, spindle and cyst-associated carcinomas (5-15%). Each of these histological subtypes shows unique clinical behavior, with clear-cell and granular types tending to show more aggressive clinical phenotypes. Studies designed to reveal mechanisms of carcinogenesis have already facilitated the identification of molecular targets for certain anti-tumor agents. For example, inhibitors of farnesyltransferase (FTIs), which were originally developed to inhibit the growth-signaling pathway related to Ras, whose activation depends on post-translational farnesylation, have been shown to be effective in treating Ras-dependent tumors in animal models (He et al., Cell 99:335-45 (1999)). Similarly, clinical trials on humans using a combination of anti-cancer drugs and the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab, with the aim of antagonizing the proto-oncogene receptor HER2/neu, have resulted in improved clinical response and overall survival of breast-cancer patients (Lin et al., Cancer Res 61:6345-9 (2001)). Finally, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, STI-571, which selectively inactivates bcr-abl fusion proteins, has been developed to treat chronic myelogenous leukemias, wherein constitutive activation of bcr-abl tyrosine kinase plays a crucial role in the transformation of leukocytes. Agents of these kinds are designed to suppress oncogenic activity of specific gene products (Fujita et al., Cancer Res 61:7722-6 (2001)). Accordingly, it is apparent that gene products commonly up-regulated in cancerous cells may serve as potential targets for developing novel anti-cancer agents.
It has been further demonstrated that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize epitope peptides derived from tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) presented on the MHC Class I molecule, and lyse tumor cells. Since the discovery of the MAGE family as the first examples of TAAs, many other TAAs have been discovered using immunological approaches (Boon, Int J Cancer 54: 177-80 (1993); Boon and van der Bruggen, J Exp Med 183: 725-9 (1996); van der Bruggen et al., Science 254: 1643-7 (1991); Brichard et al., J Exp Med 178: 489-95 (1993); Kawakami et al., J Exp Med 180: 347-52 (1994)). Some of the newly discovered TAAs are currently undergoing clinical development as targets of immunotherapy. TAAs discovered so far include MAGE (van der Bruggen et al., Science 254: 1643-7 (1991)), gp100 (Kawakami et al., J Exp Med 180: 347-52 (1994)), SART (Shichijo et al., J Exp Med 187: 277-88 (1998)), and NY-ESO-1 (Chen et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 1914-8 (1997)). On the other hand, gene products demonstrated to be specifically over-expressed in tumor cells have been shown to be recognized as targets inducing cellular immune responses. Such gene products include p53 (Umano et al., Brit J Cancer 84: 1052-7 (2001)), HER2/neu (Tanaka et al., Brit J Cancer 84: 94-9 (2001)), CEA (Nukaya et al., Int J Cancer 80: 92-7 (1999)), and so on.
In spite of significant progress in basic and clinical research concerning TAAs (Rosenbeg et al., Nature Med 4: 321-7 (1998); Mukherji et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 8078-82 (1995); Hu et al., Cancer Res 56: 2479-83 (1996)), only limited number of candidate TAAs for the treatment of adenocarcinomas, including colorectal cancer, are currently available. TAAs abundantly expressed in cancer cells yet whose expression is restricted to cancer cells would be promising candidates as immunotherapeutic targets. Further, identification of new TAAs inducing potent and specific antitumor immune responses is expected to encourage clinical use of peptide vaccination strategies for various types of cancer (Boon and can der Bruggen, J Exp Med 183: 725-9 (1996); van der Bruggen et al., Science 254: 1643-7 (1991); Brichard et al., J Exp Med 178: 489-95 (1993); Kawakami et al., J Exp Med 180: 347-52 (1994); Shichijo et al., J Exp Med 187: 277-88 (1998); Chen et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 1914-8 (1997); Harris, J Natl Cancer Inst 88: 1442-5 (1996); Butterfield et al., Cancer Res 59: 3134-42 (1999); Vissers et al., Cancer Res 59: 5554-9 (1999); van der Burg et al., J Immunol 156: 3308-14 (1996); Tanaka et al., Cancer Res 57: 4465-8 (1997); Fujie et al., Int J Cancer 80: 169-72 (1999); Kikuchi et al., Int J Cancer 81: 459-66 (1999); Oiso et al., Int J Cancer 81: 387-94 (1999)).
It has been repeatedly reported that peptide-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from certain healthy donors produce significant levels of IFN-γ in response to the peptide, but rarely exert cytotoxicity against tumor cells in an HLA-A24 or -A0201 restricted manner in 51Cr-release assays (Kawano et al., Cancer Res 60: 3550-8 (2000); Nishizaka et al., Cancer Res 60: 4830-7 (2000); Tamura et al., Jpn J Cancer Res 92: 762-7 (2001)). However, both HLA-A24 and HLA-A0201 are popular HLA alleles in the Japanese, as well as the Caucasian populations (Date et al., Tissue Antigens 47: 93-101 (1996); Kondo et al., J Immunol 155: 4307-12 (1995); Kubo et al., J Immunol 152: 3913-24 (1994); Imanishi et al., Proceeding of the eleventh International Hictocompatibility Workshop and Conference Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1065 (1992); Williams et al., Tissue Antigen 49: 129 (1997)). Thus, antigenic peptides of carcinomas presented by these HLAs may be especially useful for the treatment of carcinomas among Japanese and Caucasians. Further, it is known that the induction of low-affinity CTL in vitro usually results from the use of peptide at a high concentration, generating a high level of specific peptide/MHC complexes on antigen presenting cells (APCs), which will effectively activate these CTL (Alexander-Miller et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 4102-7 (1996)).
A hereditary cancer syndrome that sometimes involves the kidney, von Hippel-Lindau disease, results from germline mutations in the VHL gene (Latif F., Tory K., Gnarra J., Yao M., Duh F M., Orcutt M L., Stackhouse T., Kuzmin I., Modi W., Geil L., et al. Identification of the von Hippel-Lindau disease tumor suppressor gene. Science. 260, 1317-20 (1993)). VHL is often inactivated in RCCs as well. Under physiological conditions, mutations or deletions of VHL lead to aberrant accumulation of the HIF1 protein due to dysfunction of ubiquitination machinery; in turn, accumulated HIF1 evokes the constitutive expression of downstream genes associated with growth and development of tumor cells. For example, Denko et al. demonstrated that expression of HIG2 is regulated by HIF1 under the hypoxic condition using the cells established from HIF1 deficient mouse (Denko N. et al., Epigenetic regulation of gene expression in cervical cancer cells by the tumor microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res. 6, 480-487 (2000) and on the worldwide web at 188.8.131.52/Hypoxia/outline%20for %20hig2.htm). HIF1 is composed of two subunits, HIF1α and HIF1β3. HIF1α is the oxygen-regulated component that determines HIF1 activity, and is rapidly degraded via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway under normoxic conditions.
To date, some genes that might be useful for prediction of prognosis or for classification of RCCs have been identified by cluster analysis (Takahashi M., Rhodes D R, Furge K A., Kanayama H., Kagawa S., Haab B B., Teh B T. Gene expression profiling of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: gene identification and prognostic classification. Proc Natl Acad. Sci. 98, 9754-9759 (2001); Skubitz K M., Skubitz A P. Differential gene expression in renal-cell cancer. J Lab Clin Med. 140, 52-64 (2002)). In an effort to understand the carcinogenic mechanisms associated with RCC and identify potential targets for developing novel anti-cancer agents for RCC, the present inventors performed large scale analyses of gene expression profiles of tumors of the predominant type, clear cell carcinoma.

Hypoxia-inducible protein 2 (HIG2), a diagnostic marker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma


An improvement in spread spectrum modulator systems, and more particularly further improvements in spread spectrum BPSK, or Binary Phase Shift Keying, Modulation systems, the present invention contemplating the utilization of an exclusive OR logic gate to replace an RF mixer stage in the SS transmitter, thereby providing enhanced gain at a lower energy consumption, with lesser cost and suppressed carrier output when compared to prior systems, as well as compatibility with CMOS low power logic modulation drive circuitry. The present system teaches a new, superior, and less costly BPSK transmitter than contemplated by the prior art, providing a less complicated system while outputting increased gain over prior art modulators.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to modulators, and more particularly to further improvements in spread spectrum BPSK, or Binary Phase Shift Keying Modulation systems, the present invention contemplating a transmitter incorporating therein the utilization of an exclusive OR logic gate to replace an RF mixer stage, thereby providing enhanced gain at a lower energy consumption, with lesser cost and suppressed carrier output when compared to prior systems.
The present system teaches a new, superior, and less costly BPSK transmitter than taught or suggested by the prior art, providing a less complicated system while outputting increased gain over prior art modulator transmitters.
2. Prior Art & General Background
Prior to U.S. Pat. No. 5,265,120, spread spectrum BPSK modulators required conventional balance mixers to produce carrier suppression. These conventional modulators utilized either 1) a complex transistor array in conjunction with a transformer tunable with a potonciometer or 2) two center tapped transformers and four diodes, which arrangement required a high level drive circuit to modulate it, typically +7 to +15 dBM.
Besides the greater expense, increased complexity thereby contributing the probability of failure, and incompatibility with low power -10 dB CMOS logic drive circuitry, the prior art modulators typically produced on the order of six dB of signal loss, resulting in considerably less satisfactory overall performance when compared to the present invention.
The following patents were deemed to be of at least general pertinence to the present invention:
______________________________________ Patent Number Issue Date Inventor Class ______________________________________ 4,979,183 12/1990 Cowart 375-1 5,029,180 7/1991 Cowart 375-1 5,119,396 6/1992 Sanderford, Jr. 375-1 5,265,120 11/23/93 Sanderford, Jr. 375-1 ______________________________________
U.S. Pat. No. 5,265,120 teaches a prior BPSK spread spectrum transmitter which is compatible in sum respects with the present system. However, '120 does not contemplate the utilization of an exclusive OR logic gate to replace an RF mixer stage in the transmitter in the manner contemplated by the present invention, nor does '120 contemplate the features of FIGS. 5 or 6 of the present invention, nor the discussions relative thereto.
In the "General Summary Discussion of the Invention" section of '120, it was suggested that the '120 system could, in an alternative use, may be utilized as a frequency multiplier. For example, if the transistor, or its equivalent, is adequately fast, for example, F sub t>1 GHZ, the system may be utilized to create at its output a higher frequency harmonic. However, this alternative system, to the extent disclosed, is believed wholly distinguishable from the present, applied for invention, which contemplates a scheme for a complete digital BPSK SS transmitter, and the logic of the modulator in '120 (shown in FIG. 2 of the present application) is clearly distinguishable from that contemplated in the present system, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 of the present application.
Further, '120 indicates that "it is a common radio design practice to utilize a non-linear device such as a diode, transistor, or the like to perform frequency multiplication. This is desirable because only lower frequency crystals are readily available, and as such, the lower frequency must then be translated into the higher, desired frequency. However, such systems are believed to be distinguishable from the present system, which provides enhanced performance with reduced cost, power consumption, and computational requirements". (Col 2, lines 18-25).
Nonetheless, the prior art has failed to contemplate a new and unique, lower cost BPSK transmitter utilizing an exclusive, in line OR logic gate to replace the RF modulator, or providing a transmitter incorporating a dual gate cascade to modulate the BPSK.

Low cost binary phase shift keying modulation transmitter system


A selectively one-way wrench includes a handle, a socket, a pawl and a switch. The handle includes a grip, a head in a plane other than that of the grip, a transient portion extending to the head from the grip, and a recess in the head near the transient portion. The socket includes a series of teeth placed in the head. The pawl includes two pawls placed in the head and a spring for interconnecting the pawls. Each of the pawls includes teeth for engagement with the teeth of the socket. The switch includes a sliding unit movable between two positions for engagement with the pawls and a finger-contacting element extending from the sliding unit. The finger-contacting element is placed in the recess except an upper end placed above the grip.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a wrench and, more particularly, to a selectively one-way wrench.
2. Related Prior Art
A selectively one-way wrench with a reduced head is disclosed in US Patent Application Publication No. 20120180603. The selectively one-way wrench includes a body 20 that includes a connecting portion 22 between a handle 23 and a head 21. The connecting portion 22 includes, near the head 21, an arched concave face 222 for containing a switch 50 operable to control a drive member 30 placed in the head 21. Thus, the selectively one-way wrench can be used to rotate a screw or nut in a selected direction without rotating the screw or nut in an opposite direction. The switch 50 is in the form of a ring, not a lever. Hence, it requires two fingers to pinch and rotate the switch 50, and this is troublesome.
Therefore, the present invention is intended to obviate or at least alleviate the problems encountered in prior art.


A method for producing a chip of a thermoelectric conversion material formed of a thermoelectric semiconductor composition, including a step of forming a sacrificial layer on a substrate, (B) a step of forming a thermoelectric conversion material layer of a thermoelectric semiconductor composition on the sacrificial layer, (C) a step of annealing the thermoelectric conversion material layer, (D) a step of transferring the annealed thermoelectric conversion material layer to a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, (E) a step of individualizing the thermoelectric conversion material layer into individual chips of a thermoelectric conversion material, and (F) a step of peeling the individualized chips of a thermoelectric conversion material; and a method for producing a thermoelectric conversion module using the chip produced according to the production method.

Heretofore, there is known a device that enables direct interconversion between heat energy and electric energy by a thermoelectric conversion module having a thermoelectric effect such as a Seebeck effect and a Peltier effect, as one means of effective energy utilization.
As the thermoelectric conversion module, use of a so-called n-type thermoelectric conversion device is known. Regarding the n-type device, a pair of electrodes spaced from each other are arranged on a substrate and, for example, a P-type thermoelectric element is arranged on one electrode while an N-type thermoelectric element is on the other electrode, as similarly spaced from each other, and the upper faces of the two thermoelectric semiconductor elements are connected to the electrodes of a facing substrate to constitute such a n-type device. In addition, use of a so-called in-plane-type thermoelectric conversion device is known. Regarding the in-plane-type device, P-type thermoelectric elements and N-type thermoelectric elements are alternately arranged in the in-plane direction of a substrate, and for example, the lower parts of the junctions between the two thermoelectric elements are connected in series via an electrode therebetween to constitute such an in-plane-type device.
Given the situation, there are demands for improving the flexibility of thermoelectric conversion modules, thinning the modules and improving the thermoelectric performance thereof. For satisfying these demands, for example, a resin substrate of polyimide or the like is used as a substrate for thermoelectric conversion modules from the viewpoint of heat resistance and flexibility thereof. As an N-type thermoelectric semiconductor material and a P-type thermoelectric semiconductor material, a thin film of a bismuth telluride material is used from the viewpoint of thermoelectric performance, and as an electrode, a Cu electrode having a high thermal conductivity and a low resistance is used (PTLs 1 and 2).

Thermoelectric conversion material chip manufacturing method, and method for manufacturing thermoelectric conversion module using chip obtained by said manufacturing method


The present invention relates to a laminated ceramic composition which has a high dielectric constant and a low decrease rate of dielectric constant at DC bias, which can be used for bypass of computer module IC. The present invention provides a ceramic condenser composition which comprises BaTiO.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2 and Sm.sub.2 O.sub.3 by the molar ratio to satisfy the equation of (1-X-Y)BaTiO.sub.3 -X(CeO.sub.2)-Y(Sm.sub.2 O.sub.3)-(1.5X+3Y)TiO.sub.2 (wherein, 0.01<X+Y<0.05 and 0.015<1.5X+3Y<0.15). The composition has an excellent dielectric characteristics, since it has a high dielectric constant of 7000 or more at a temperature range of 50.degree. to 70.degree. C. which permits normal operations of IC, and a decrease rate of dielectric constant of below 10% at DC bias of 1 V/.mu.m. Accordingly, the ceramic composition of the invention can be applied for the development of a laminated ceramic condenser for bypass of computer module IC.

The recent tendency for electronic components to be light, thin and small has resulted in an increase in surface mounting densities of computer modules IC's employed therein, and other components. Therefore, a laminated ceramic condenser used for bypass is positioned right under the IC. Laminated ceramic compositions which have a high dielectric constant at a temperature range of 50.degree. to 70.degree. C. which permits normal operations of the IC, and in addition, have a low decrease rate of dielectric constant at DC bias have been required in the art.
Many efforts to develop a novel ceramic composition satisfying the said requirements have been made by the researchers. For example, Japanese unexamined patent publication Nos. (sho) 55-34965, (sho) 59-10951 and (sho) 60-51206 disclose that compositions prepared by adding CeO.sub.2 and TiO.sub.2 to a main component of BaTiO.sub.3 have excellent DC bias characteristics when compared to conventional high dielectric compositions. However, these prior art compositions are proven to be less satisfactory in the senses that the compositions have dielectric constants of below 3000 at a temperature of 60.degree. C. and the dielectric constants decrease rapidly at DC bias voltage, which gives rise to many crucial problems in the functioning of computer module IC bypass.

High dielectric ceramic composition for computer module

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology


Rapid, reversible redox activity may be accomplished at significantly reduced temperatures, as low as about 200° C., from epitaxially stabilized, oxygen vacancy ordered SrCoO2.5 and thermodynamically unfavorable perovskite SrCoO3-δ. The fast, low temperature redox activity in SrCoO3-δ may be attributed to a small Gibbs free energy difference between the two topotactic phases. Epitaxially stabilized thin films of strontium cobaltite provide a catalyst adapted to rapidly transition between oxidation states at substantially low temperatures. Methods of transitioning a strontium cobaltite catalyst from a first oxidation state to a second oxidation state are described.

The present invention relates to oxidation-reduction catalysts that include strontium cobaltite materials.
Transition-metal oxides (TMOs) have been studied for energy technologies because of their physical properties. In particular, owing to the ionic and electronic conductivity offered from the flexibility of transition metal's charge states, multi-valent TMOs have attracted attention for potential applications as catalysts.
Many energy storage and sensor devices rely on atoms that are convertible from one valence state to another. For example, catalytic gas converters use platinum-based metals to transform harmful emissions such as carbon monoxide into nontoxic gases by adding oxygen. Less expensive oxide-based alternatives to platinum usually require very high temperatures, at least 600-700° C., to trigger the redox reaction, making such materials impractical in conventional applications.

Strontium cobaltite oxygen sponge catalyst and methods of use


There is disclosed a hair brush. The brush has an elongate body including a utility portion and a handle portion at opposite ends thereof and defining a longitudinal axis. The utility portion includes a back member acting as a support from which brushing protections extend, and defines a first plane and a second plane perpendicularly intersecting the first plane. The back member is flexibly movable with respect to the handle portion on the first plane and the second plane. The utility portion further includes a pair of spines arranged at opposite sides of the back member for controlling the flexible movement of the back member whereby the extent of control of movement of the back member by the spines are either limited to the movement on only the first plane or substantially more on the first plane than the second plane.

There is a variety of hair brushes in the market to suit different needs in hair management. One challenge in designing hair brushes is that one hair brush design would not be able address the needs of different users. For example, a hair brush design which would work satisfactorily on a user with relatively dense hair would not produce the same satisfactory styling effect on a user with thinner hair. Likewise, a hair brush design which would work satisfactorily on a user with relatively long hair would not produce the same satisfactory effect on a user with shorter hair. One approach for a hair brush designer to address this issue would be to produce many different hair brush designs to tailor to different user needs. However, this would be technically and commercially undesirable.
The present invention seeks to address the aforementioned issue, or at least to provide an alternative to the general public.

Hair brushes and methods of manufacture thereof


Systems and methods for providing a financial/clinical data interchange are provided. The financial/clinical data interchange provides a distributed implementation to a secure hash key (i.e., a token) and value pair data derived from a medical claim (e.g., patient identification, submitter identification, payer identification, encounter identification, and the like) and enriched with submitter-based domain data. The token may be used as a data attribute in an API that unlocks a pointer to the value (e.g., a fast healthcare interoperability resources (FHIR) uniform resource identifier (URI) to the patient encounter associated with the claim) to leverage a FHIR query for all documented medical records associated with the claim the payer is authorized by the submitter to view.

In healthcare today, claims form a primary part of the financial aspect of any health care system. In these systems, a significant amount of information is often shared between payers and submitters for claim processing. Given that the number of claims sent by submitters is very large, when a payer needs any additional information for a single claim, the payer must contact the respective submitter.
For example, a subset of claims may be received by the payer. To process a claim from the subset of claims, the payer may need some additional clinical information. In such a scenario, the payer requests additional clinical information from the submitter. In present systems, this is often facilitated by a third party. The submitter provides the additional clinical information to the payer. This process often requires multiple requests until the payer receives the necessary information to process the claim. Each of these transactions is supported through the third party and, in addition to being cumbersome and inefficient with respect to time as well as computing and personnel resources, the transactions also add additional costs to claim processing, and the health care system generally.

Providing a financial/clinical data interchange


Methods of micro-machining a semiconductor substrate to form through fluid feed slots therein. One method includes providing a semiconductor substrate wafer having a thickness greater than about 500 microns and having a device side and a back side opposite the device side. The back side of the wafer is mechanically ground to provide a wafer having a thickness ranging from about 100 up to about 500 microns. Dry etching is conducted on the wafer from a device side thereof to form a plurality of reentrant fluid feed slots in the wafer from the device side to the back side of the wafer.

With the advent of a deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) process for forming slots and trenches in a semiconductor substrate, greater precision and control over the etching of silicon substrates in higher speed processes has been obtained. DRIE is a dry etching process carried out under high vacuum by means of a chemically reactive plasma, wherein the constituents of the plasma are selected in congruence with the substrate to be acted upon. Before the adoption of DRIE techniques to form trenches or slots in semiconductor substrates, most trenches or slots in substrates greater than about 200 microns thick were formed by mechanical blasting techniques or chemical wet etching techniques. However, such mechanical techniques or chemical wet etching techniques are not suitable for newer products which demand higher tolerances and smaller trenches and/or slots. DRIE enables deep anisotropic etching of trenches and slots with greater tolerances and without regard to crystal orientation.
DRIE techniques have progressed incrementally towards a goal of etching high aspect ratio features in semiconductor substrates wherein the aspect ratio is on the order of 1:100 width to depth. Hence, much progress has been made in forming vertical conduits or trenches with substantially perpendicular walls. The process scheme for achieving high aspect ratio slots or trenches in semiconductor substrates includes a series of sequential steps of alternating etching and passivation. Such aniosotropic etching techniques are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,611,888 and 5,626,716 to Bosch et al. the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
A schematic diagram of a DRIE system 10 is illustrated in FIG. 1. The system 10 includes a ceramic reaction chamber 12 and a radio frequency (rf) unit 14 for providing source power to a coil 16 to generate a plasma in the reaction chamber 12. A wafer 18 containing a plurality of semiconductor substrates is disposed in the chamber 12 on a cooled chuck which is part of platen 20. The temperature of the platen/chuck 20, and thus the wafer 18, is selected on a chiller unit 22 providing helium gas to the platen/chuck 20. A platen power unit 24 provides rf biasing power to the platen 20 during the etching process. The chamber 12 is maintained at a low pressure during etching by a vacuum pumping unit coupled to a vacuum port 26. A reactive gas is introduced into the chamber through a gas inlet port 28. A bellows system 30 may be provided to adjust a height of the platen 20 before the etching process.
Accordingly, most dry etching systems 10 are designed to etch substantially vertical wall slots and trenches in the substrate 18, i.e., walls that are substantially perpendicular to a surface of the substrate 18. However, for micro-fluid ejection heads, it has been found that substantially vertical walls may entrap more air in fluids passing through relatively narrow slots. Such air entrapment can lead to fluid starvation for ejection devices on a device surface of the substrate. Accordingly, there is a need for improved DRIE techniques to form fluid feed slots having reentrant walls in micro-fluid ejection head substrates.
With regard to the foregoing, there is provided a method of micro-machining a semiconductor substrate to form through fluid feed slots therein. The method includes the steps of providing a semiconductor substrate wafer having a thickness greater than about 500 microns and having a device side and a back side opposite the device side. The back side of the wafer is mechanically ground to provide a wafer having a thickness ranging from about 100 up to about 500 microns. Dry etching is conducted on the wafer from a device side thereof to form a plurality of reentrant fluid feed slots in the wafer from the device side to the back side of the wafer.
In another embodiment there is provided a structure for a micro-fluid ejection head. The structure includes a semiconductor substrate having a device side and a back side and containing one or more fluid feed slots dry etched therein from the device side to the back side. The fluid feed slots have a substantially reentrant wall profile and the slots are devoid of substantially vertical wall portions adjacent the back side of the substrate.
An advantage of the exemplary process disclosed herein can be that the process is capable of providing precisely formed slots having a reentrant profile in semiconductor substrates. Such slots can have reentrant profiles that are substantially devoid of vertical wall sections and that have lower incidence of top side damage. Accordingly, superior reentrant slot profiles can be formed in semiconductor substrates that provide improved fluid flow properties for fluids flowing through the slots.

Micro-fluid ejection head containing reentrant fluid feed slots


Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method and device for handling a failure of a mobility management device in an ISR activated scenario. The method includes: detecting, by a serving gateway, a failure of a first mobility management device; and when the serving gateway receives downlink user plane or control plane data of a user equipment, paging, by the serving gateway, the user equipment using a downlink data notification message including identity information of the user equipment, in a first radio access network connected to the first mobility management device.

In the process of development toward broadband and mobile networks, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3rd Generation Partnership Program, 3GPP) has proposed a long term evolution (Long Term Evolution, LTE) solution for a mobile access network, namely, an evolved universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) terrestrial radio access network (Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunication System Territorial Radio Access Network, E-UTRAN), and a system architecture evolution (System Architecture Evolution, SAE) solution for a mobile core network, namely, an evolved packet core network (Evolved Packet Core, EPC). The E-UTRAN and EPC constitute an evolved packet system (Evolved Packet System, EPS). A user equipment (User Equipment, UE) may access the EPC through the E-UTRAN, and may also access the EPC through a universal mobile telecommunications system terrestrial radio access network (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System Territorial Radio Access Network, UTRAN) or a global system for mobile communications (Global System for Mobile Communications, GSM)/enhanced data rate for GSM evolution (Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution, EDGE) radio access network (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network, GERAN).
Idle mode signaling reduction (Idle mode Signaling Reduction, ISR) is a mechanism provided for reducing signaling interaction when a UE in an idle mode reselects a radio access network. ISR may include two states: an activated state and a deactivated state. For example, the UE performs reselection between the E-UTRAN and the UTRAN/GERAN. In an ISR activated scenario, the UE needs to register with a mobility management entity (Mobility Management Entity, MME) in the E-UTRAN and a serving general packet radio service (General Packet Radio Service, GPRS) support node (Serving GPRS Supporting Node, SGSN) in the UTRAN/GERAN simultaneously. In the ISR activated scenario, a serving gateway (Serving GateWay, S-GW) maintains connection information of the MME and connection information of the SGSN simultaneously. The MME and SGSN store connection information of each other, that is, the MME stores connection information of the SGSN, and the SGSN stores connection information of the MME. Storing, by the S-GW, connection information of the MME and connection information of the SGSN simultaneously means ISR activation for the S-GW; storing, by the MME and SGSN, connection information of each other means ISR activation for the MME and SGSN.
In the ISR activated scenario, when the S-GW receives downlink user plane or control plane data of the UE, the S-GW triggers, according to the stored connection information of the MME and connection information of the SGSN, the corresponding MME and SGSN to page the UE. Therefore, no matter whether the UE currently camps in the E-UTRAN or UTRAN/GERAN, the UE can respond to a paging message of the network (that is, a mobile terminating service of the UE is available).
However, in the ISR activated scenario, in the case of an MME failure, for example, MME restart (Restart, which may also be referred to as reset, Reset) and non-restart, the SGSN and S-GW can detect the MME failure, and then execute an ISR deactivation operation respectively, that is, delete the stored connection information of the MME respectively. In this case, when the S-GW receives the downlink user plane or control plane data of the UE, because the S-GW has deactivated ISR, only the SGSN is triggered to page the UE. If the UE camps in the E-UTRAN at this time, the UE cannot receive the paging message sent by the SGSN, resulting in interruption of the mobile terminating service (that is, the mobile terminating service is unreachable), and thereby reducing reliability of the mobile terminating service. A same problem also exists when the SGSN restarts.

Method and device for handling failure of mobility management device in ISR activated scenario


A method of printing on a metal surface includes steps of forming a plurality of macropores on at least a portion of a metal surface. A plurality of micropores are formed within and adjacent to the macropores. The metal surface is cleaned, and a first ink having a first color is applied to the macropores and micropores to form at least one image on the metal surface. Preferably, the ink is applied using an inkjet printer. The ink is dried. A second ink having a second color may also be applied to the metal surface and then dried. Additional inks may also be applied. A lacquer top coat may be applied to the metal surface on top of the first ink (and additional inks, if provided). Preferably, the metal surface is part of a coin.

It is known to print images on metal substrates. Typically, it is necessary to coat the metal substrate with a thermoplastic or thermoset material prior to application of ink. It is further known to transfer the ink first to an intermediate carrier and subsequently transfer the ink from the carrier to the coated substrate. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,994,264 (Sherman et al.).
In particular, it is known to apply paint or ink to a metal coin using a silk screen process. While high quality images may be produced by such processes, adhesion of the image to the coin surface is not adequate to provide sufficient durability to make such coins suitable for public circulation.
A need exists for an efficient and low-cost method of printing images on metal surfaces such that the image demonstrates good adhesion to the metal surface. There is a particular need for a method of printing images on a face of a metal coin, wherein the image demonstrates sufficient durability to make the printed coin suitable for public circulation.

Method of printing an image on a metallic surface, particularly on a coin surface


The present application discloses a lighting device, which comprises a light source (110), a connection structure (120) comprising a cap (122, 124) provided at an end thereof, and a transmission mechanism (130); the cap is electrically connected with the light source; the transmission mechanism comprises a driving component (132) movably connected to a rotation component (134) on which the cap is mounted, wherein a movement of the driving component relative to the rotation component causes the rotation component with the cap to rotate. Just by touching, pressing, sliding or rotating a button (155) set on the surface of the panel (150), the rotation component is driven to rotate, and then the two pins of the two caps are quickly inserted into the corresponding sockets.

As LED gets more and more popular, TLEDs are used widely to replace fluorescent lamps. Even if it usually takes only a fewer minutes to finish installation or maintenance, a much easier installation interface is still desirable. JP2013118063 discloses a LED lighting apparatus. It has a panel, two tubes, and the tubes are supported by plurality of hanging parts provided on the upper surface of the LED panel. It seems easy to get the tubes stuck in the hanging parts; however, the structure is not mechanically stable and doesn't work either for the luminaire without a panel.


In a diagnostic application, a plurality of independent test modules are executed in a multi-tasking fashion. The diagnostic application is modular with a front end module issuing commands to lower level modules. A lower level test dispatcher module receives information from the plurality of test modules pertaining to test parameters, including whether the test module is multitaskable. A test dispatcher controls the launching of the test modules according to the test parameters. A test definition tool is provided to graphically develop test scripts by moving icons from one list to another. The output of the test definition tool is a scripting language readable by the diagnostic application.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a diagnostic testing tool for testing personal computers and the like and more specifically to a multi-tasking, object oriented testing system wherein a plurality of modules are independently executable.
2. Description of the Related Art
There are a wide variety of diagnostic tools available for testing personal computers. Some of these utilities, such as Norton Disk Doctor from Symantec Corporation, focus on a particularly troublesome device, like a hard disk drive and its associated control electronics. While these tools may serve a useful purpose for a specific problem, they are not intended to diagnose an entire computer. Others utilities, such as Microsoft Diagnostics are intended to provide general inspect information for an entire computer system. The operator can check the status of a variety of hardware and software items installed in the computer system through a graphical display. However, these tools like Microsoft Diagnostics are not intended nor are they easily adaptable for a large production line. Output is limited to what can be viewed on the screen. The user must operate the software.
One known factory tool is Compaq Diagnostics for DOS (disk operating system). This tool provides a suite of tests which can be run on the personal computer to test a variety of devices, such as memory, hard disks, floppy disks and serial ports. A specific module is provided to test each device. Once a device is tested, a subsequent test may be performed on a next device. The tests are performed sequentially until all the desired devices have been tested. Thus, to test an entire computer system can take a rather long time. A faster method of testing computers is desired.
This Compaq diagnostics tool functions well, however, DOS is no longer the operating system of choice. Today's operating systems, such as Windows and OS/2 have graphical user interfaces. Certain operating systems, such as Windows NT, do not allow a DOS application to communicate directly with hardware, thereby further complicating diagnostic routines. Furthermore, devices operating under these operating systems often involve complicated set-ups. It is possible for a configuration problem to make a device appear as though it was defective. Thus, testing devices solely under DOS is not acceptable anymore.
A scripting language is provided by the Compaq Diagnostics for DOS tool to allow a factory project manager to write test sequences. However, many deficiencies are known to exist. The scripting language requires some training before the project manager is proficient. If the project manager does not understand English, the scripts must be translated to her foreign language. As with all programming languages, the code must be debugged. Thus, an easier, simpler method of developing test routines is desired.


The use of a mixture which comprises cis- and trans-3-methyl-γ-decalactone in a molar ratio in the range of 2:3 to 3:2, as a jasmone fragrance is described.

Despite a plurality of already existing fragrances, there is also furthermore in the perfume industry a general demand for new fragrances which have in addition to their primary, namely odour properties additional positive secondary properties, such as e.g. a higher stability under certain application conditions, a higher yield or a better adhesion capacity, or even, due to synergy effects with other fragrances, lead to better sensory profiles.
Thus for example by using substances with a more substantial character and better sensory profile, the quantities used and the number of fragrances in formulations can be minimised, which leads to a sustainable conservation of resources in the perfuming of consumer and consumption goods.
There is therefore in the perfume industry a demand for further fragrances with better and more substantial sensory profiles.
In particular, there is in the perfume industry a demand for fragrances with a jasmone odour (jasmone fragrances). By this is to be understood in the context of the present text an odour that is similar to the odour of naturally occurring cis-jasmone. The odour of cis-jasmone is described in the literature as follows: fruity, celery-like scent, in dilution sweet-flowery, reminiscent of jasmine and cherry blossom.

Use of a mixture of cis- and trans-3-methyl-γ-decalactone and compositions of odoriferous substances and perfumed articles comprising said mixture


The present invention provides a novel process which imparts anisotropy strength to a rubber article. The process of the present invention includes mixing a rubber composition under a shearing force in a certain direction and then vulcanizing it in a mold, wherein said rubber composition comprises a base rubber, 3 to 100 parts by weight of a metal salt of an alpha, beta-unsaturated fatty acid, and 0.5 to 5.0 parts by weight of an organic peroxide; parts by weight being based on 100 parts by weight of base rubber.

A rubber material which has rubber resilience and anisotropy of strength has been recently desired elements for such as sports equipment hoses and the like.
In order to impart anisotropy strength to a rubber article, it is known that fibers (e.g. short fibers) or fillers (e.g. silica and mica) are mixed with the rubber composition under a shearing force and oriented in a certain direction. In this process, however, since the fibers have poor miscibility with rubber, it takes long time to disperse the fibers in the rubber composition. Thus the rubber composition thus obtained often gives rise to problems in dispersibility and retention of fiber form (e.g. breaking or bending of the fibers). If the fillers are formulated for anisotropy strength, a large amount of the fillers must be formulated into the rubber composition in order to impart thereto sufficient orientation. This large amount of fillers adversely affects the physical properties (e.g. tensile strength, wear resistance and compression set) of the resulting rubber.


A method is disclosed for detecting symptoms in a network infrastructure, combining one or more symptoms into a problem, then optionally applying detailed diagnosis to the network elements experiencing the problems, ultimately providing detailed problem determination.

The approaches described in this section could be pursued, but are not necessarily approaches that have been previously conceived or pursued. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated herein, the approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims in this application and are not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
Computer networks that use routers, switches and other network elements are commonly managed using network management software systems. Examples of network management systems include Resource Management Essentials from Cisco Systems, Inc., San Jose, Calif.; HP OpenView from Hewlett-Packard Company, Palo Alto, Calif., and others. Such network management systems are commonly used to support detection of network events, including device faults, and to apply corrective instructions or configuration commands to network elements.
For a network owner to use such network management software systems effectively for fault management, the network owner must know how to identify events that may represent symptoms of problems, how to determine whether symptoms actually represent problems, how to diagnose the problems, how to select corrective action, and how to apply or perform the corrective action. In current approaches, these steps are performed manually, and are supported by network-specific knowledge that is mentally retained by individuals such as network administrators who operate the network management systems.
However, this approach has several serious drawbacks. For example, the knowledge described above is not captured in an organized manner to facilitate re-use with respect to new problems, or to provide continuity if a responsible individual leaves the organization. Further, the approach is manual and therefore potentially slow to respond to serious network events. In addition, the knowledge involved in the prior approaches may involve a large amount of information that is difficult for any one person to absorb and manage. Although the network administrators may apply mentally retained rules in analyzing symptoms, identifying problems and selecting corrective action, the rules are not represented by information that can be processed by machines in an automated manner.
Based on the foregoing, there is a clear need for improved network management approaches that can overcome the stated drawbacks of current approaches. There is a particular need to a way to capture network rules in a flexible way, distribute the rules to network management applications, and distribute the rules to other stakeholders associated with the network. There is also a need for a way to implement automated correlation logic to solve network problems. There is a need for a way to identify network problems by analyzing relationships of symptoms and problems.
In past approaches, certain network management systems have provided proprietary languages for defining capture network rules. Typically, such systems have involved communication of knowledge from a device engineer to a software developer who creates the network management system. When new devices or features are introduced, these systems have required software patches to update their ability recognize new devices that are introduced into the network, which is undesirable and error-prone. Thus, there is a need for a way to allow for dynamically updating rules. Further, these systems typically have involved hard-coding rules or knowledge into the software instructions that make up the systems. There is a need for a way to capture network rules in a form that is closer to human-readable natural language.

Rule-based network management approaches


An aerosol generation device includes a heater configured to generate an aerosol by heating an aerosol generating substrate; and a controller configured to control power to be supplied to the heater by a battery using a control signal, wherein the controller is further configured to identify state information of the battery at a heating start time point when the heater starts to be heated and calculate a duty ratio of the control signal based on the identified state information.

Recently, there is a growing demand for alternative methods of resolving problems of common cigarettes. For example, there is a growing demand for a method of generating aerosol by heating an aerosol generating material in a cigarette instead of burning the cigarette to generate aerosol. Therefore, research into heating-type cigarettes or heating-type aerosol generation devices is being actively carried out.
The aerosol generation device may include a heater for generating an aerosol by generally heating an aerosol generating substrate and a separate main controller unit (MCU) to control power supplied to the heater. The heater of the aerosol generation device has a characteristic of being heated by power supplied by a battery and preheated until reaching a target temperature sufficient to heat the aerosol generating substrate. In general, a preheating time changes according to the power supplied to the heater, and when the voltage level of the battery changes, the power that the battery may supply to the heater also changes, and thus the preheating time of the heater is not constant. When the preheating time of the heater is not constant, not only does the waiting time of a user who wants to inhale the aerosol through the aerosol generation device change every time, but also a thermal energy received by the aerosol generating substrate (a cigarette or liquid) is not constant, which causes a problem in that the smoking satisfaction of the user changes every time.

Method for controlling battery power supplied to heater of aerosol generating apparatus, and aerosol generating apparatus


An arc welding torch control system providing remotely selectable control over welding wire feed rate and welding current without discontinuing use of the welding device. A torch mounted three position switch provides for selection of variable wire feed rate with constant preselected current control, variable current control with a preselected constant wire feed rate, or simultaneous variation of both parameters over a given preselected range. Control of the selection and parameter range control is remotely presented to the welding operator by use of torch mounted controls or by remote controls co-located in the immediate location of with the welding torch so that the operator can manipulate the rate of the selected parameter by foot or otherwise without the need to discontinue the welding operation.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to arc welding apparatus, and more particularly to TIG and to MIG welding apparatus wherein welding wire feeding speed and welding current may be selectably adjusted and controlled through a single point of activation such as a trigger attached to the welding torch handle. The present invention also provides a means for a welding torch operator to control the current, wire feeding speed, or both selectively from a location remote from the main current control and wire speed control through a single point of control by selecting the preferred variable parameter from a control on the welding torch.
2. Description of the Related Art
TIG welding is used for welding all types of metals in a wide variety of fields, such as manufacturing, ship building, pipe fitting or any other metal work. TIG welding techniques are well known, and typical apparatus uses a manual TIG torch wherein an arc is generated between the torch electrode and the base metal, and a welding wire is applied to feed material into the seam being welded during the welding operation. TIG welding techniques require the torch operator to hand feed wire material, presently most commonly available in 3/32″, ⅛″ and 5/32″ diameters. A typical welder may cut the wire into strips of approximately three feet so that the wire may be conveniently hand manipulated and not be of excessive weight or be of an unmanageable size.
Another common type of welding torch is a MIG torch which has an automatic wire feed mechanism wherein the wire also serves as the welding electrode or tip. The arc is generated between the automatically fed wire which protrudes through the center of the welding torch head and supports an arc between the wire and the object being welded. While such apparatus does provide for an automatic wire feed through the center gas cup of the torch, the apparatus is not portable, the welding torch head cannot be remotely located more than perhaps twenty-five feet from the welding machine or apparatus, and the MIG system provides other disadvantages.
Present TIG welding tools do not provide for an automatic or integrated application of welding wire to an existing TIG torch and torch handle, or for adjustability of the speed of the wire being fed to the head of the torch. Existing MIG types of welding equipment requires that the operator discontinue the welding operation and then adjust the rate of delivery of the material wire to a more suitable speed. Generally, this requires the operator to reach for a control panel which may or may not be located in close proximity to the work being performed.
Present equipment available today, which provides for automatic wire feed in a TIG torch operation, usually requires more than one operator, who must be specially trained, to operate large, expensive welding systems that cannot be adapted to any standard TIG torch or welding machine. An example of what may be found in the prior art is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,789,717, issued to Imaizumi et al for a Semi-Automatic TIG Welding Apparatus. This patent teaches an apparatus to feed welding wire to the vicinity of the arc tip of the welder and presents the wire material through the welder handle grip along with mechanisms to feed the other required supply lines as illustrated in the referenced patent. As is evident from the disclosure in Imaizumi, the welding wire feed mechanism is not adapted to be used with existing, conventional TIG touch handles. Imaizuni contemplates an integrated solution to the need for one handed TIG torch operation as is evident by the illustrations and the disclosure in said patent.
None of the equipment found in the existing art provides for a simple, portable means to automatically deliver wire to any standard TIG torch where the operator can continually adjust, regulate or otherwise control the feed speed of the wire being used in the welding process. The existing art does not provide for a simple means to adapt a TIG welding torch with a welding wire feed mechanism which is also capable of wire feed speed control and does not require altering or permanently modifying the existing torch to allow operation.
Both in MIG and TIG welding procedures, typically the current control mechanisms and the wire feed speed controls on a MIG apparatus are located away from the torch location in that the controls are typically mounted on the welding machine apparatus. Since such apparatus is typically located in a position remote from the welding job and the location of the actual torch and operator, it is not convenient to adjust the current controls or wire feed speed. There are welding devices which have taught the use of controls mounted on the welding torch to a limited extend such as the trigger mechanism and adjustable potentiometers mounted on the torch as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,595,671 issued to David.
There remains a need for a control system and means to allow the welding torch operator to selectively control either the current applied to the torch, the speed of the wire feed to the torch head, whether operating MIG or TIG apparatus, or both current and wire speed control through activation of a single control such as a trigger or foot petal located on or near the torch. Moreover, the need exists for providing such control in the welding process such that the welder operating the equipment can make such adjustments and control the indicated parameters while in the welding process without the need to stop welding to make the adjustments or return to the location of the welding machine to change parameters.

Wire feed speed and current adjustable welding torch with remote selection of parameters


Formamide group-containing monomers and polymers made by polymerizing the monomers are provided. Also provided are methods of polymerizing the monomers and methods of synthesizing functionalized polymers by pre- and/or post-polymerization functionalization. The monomers are non-toxic and can generate highly reactive isocyanate and isonitrile precursors in a one-pot synthesis that enables the incorporation of complex functionalities into the side-chain of the polymers that are synthesized from the monomers.

Recent advances in controlled polymerization methods allow unprecedented access to polymers with well controlled architectures, molecular weights, and dispersities. Advances in living or controlled free radical polymerization (LFRP) and ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and the development of associated initiators and catalysts have rapidly expanded the diversity of polymers and their properties. These methods have resulted in new types of block copolymers (BCPs), bottle-brush copolymers, polymer brushes, polymer stars, and other complex architectures. However, their further utility requires incorporation of multi-functional groups, which is challenging.
The list of chemical transformations used to modify polymer side groups is quite large. Though these transformations might be very efficient for small molecules, implementing them on polymer chains with high efficiencies and yields, and in a scalable manner, while accessing a rich range of orthogonal functionalities, using relatively mild conditions, is still a challenge. Isocyanate and isonitrile functionalities are commonly used to form urea, urethane, thiourea, acyloxycarboxamide, lactam's, and tetrazole linkages, to name a few. However, the safety issues presented by these chemicals have not been addressed extensively. The handling, manufacturing, and transport of these isocyanate and isonitrile chemicals are highly dangerous due to their toxicity. Hence, in spite of the incredible advances made in the development of new polymer functionalization routes, there is a continued need for newer, more efficient methodologies.

Formamide monomers and polymers synthesized therefrom