Methods and apparatus for an imaging sensor having background subtraction including integrating photocurrent on a first capacitor, and, after a voltage on the first capacitor reaches a threshold, directing the photocurrent to a second capacitor. The first capacitor can be reset. This can be repeated a given number of times until a value on the second capacitor is read out.

As is known in the art, some conventional sensors, such as infrared (IR) sensors have a relatively small scene signal in addition to a persistent parasitic background signal. The background signal can be caused by pixel dark current, emission from Dewar/optics, and the like. The background signal may be especially large for a camera in airborne vehicles.
To be able to distinguish a small signal on top of a parasitic background signal, some known imagers implement a high full well that can accommodate both background and signal without saturating. As pixel geometries shrink, the capacitance, and therefore the maximum full well, also shrinks, so as to reduce the ability of the sensor to accommodate the large signal background. Furthermore, a low conversion gain from the large capacitance increases the input-referred contribution of downstream noise.
Some known imagers may utilize digital pixels in which the integration capacitor is reset when full while an in-pixel counter increments to signify to the periphery that a number of fixed charge amounts was subtracted from the integration node. However, analog or digital counters occupy a large portion of each pixel and often require complex calibration to retrieve the actual number of carriers integrated by the pixel.
Conventional imagers often adjust integration time, which is considered a "gain" term in the conversion of flux to pixel value. Such imager systems adjust the integration time based on the hottest (most responsive) parts of the scene using very high dynamic range pixels to discern the small signal on-top of a large parasitic background response.


Aqueous ammoniate solutions made during the manufacture of N-hydrocarbyl thiophosphoric triamides, consisting essentially of aqueous solutions of ammonium chloride and ammonia containing a water-soluble impurity normally tending to engender corrosion of ferrous metal are rendered corrosion-resistant by dissolving therein a small corrosion-inhibiting amount (e.g., up to about 5000 ppm (wt/wt) of a water-soluble salt or oxide of zinc, aluminum, arsenic, antimony or bismuth.

N-hydrocarbylthiophosphoric triamides are known to be effective urease inhibitors for use with urea-based fertilizer compositions. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,530,714 to J. F. Kolc, et al.
Known procedures for preparing such triamides involve operations in which N-hydrocarbylaminothiophosphoryl dichloride (also known as N-hydrocarbylthiophoramidic dichloride) is formed in a first reaction, recovered, and often purified. In a second reaction, the N-hydrocarbylaminothiophosphoryl dichloride is reacted with ammonia to produce a slurry from which co-product ammonium chloride is separated by filtration. See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,530,714.
In commonly-owned copending U.S. applications Ser. Nos. 08/786,396 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,770,771, 08/786,535, and 08/785,104, all filed Jan. 21, 1997,--all disclosures of which are incorporated herein in toto by reference--new, highly advantageous process technology is described for co-producing N-hydrocarbylthiophosphoric triamides and aqueous ammoniate solutions. These ammoniate co-product solutions formed in the processing and are chiefly composed of ammonia and ammonium chloride.
While solutions of ammonia and ammonium chloride made from essentially pure ammonia and ammonium chloride do not cause significant ferrous metal corrosion, it has been found that aqueous ammoniate solutions made in accordance with some of the process technology of the aforesaid applications do tend to cause such corrosion, at least in the case of mild steel. It appears therefore that trace amounts of impurities carried over from the processing is responsible for such corrosion, and since the processing typically involves use of thiophosphoryl chloride (PSCl.sub.3) as an initial starting material, it is reasonable to believe that trace amounts of some currently unidentified sulfur-containing impurities are the cause of the corrosion.
A very desirable contribution to the art would be the discovery of an effective way of inhibiting such corrosion without at the same time requiring use of expensive and/or time-consuming purification procedures.
This invention is deemed to have fulfilled this need.

Inhibiting ferrous metal corrosion by aqueous ammoniate solutions


An image forming apparatus which comprises a light shutter disposed between a source of light and an image carrier, which is electrostatically charged to a predetermined polarity, and capable of exhibiting a light transmissivity which varies according to a voltage applied to the light shutter. A first voltage of a predetermined direction is applied to the light shutter according to image information during a first period in which a first area of the image carrier passes across the light shutter, to form the electrostatic latent image on the image carrier. This electrostatic latent image is subsequently developed into a toner image. In order to substantially recover the light shutter from a light-induced fatigue, i.e., internal polarization of an electro-optical material forming the light shutter, a second voltage of a direction counter to the predetermined direction is applied to the light shutter during a second period in which a second area of the image carrier passes across the light shutter.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to an image forming apparatus utilizing an electrophotographic process and, more particularly, to the image forming apparatus wherein an electro-optical material such as PLZT (a kind of solid-solution ceramic material expressed by a chemical formula, (Pb.sub.0.921 La.sub.0.079)(Zr.sub.0.70 Ti.sub.0.30).sub.0.98 O.sub.3) is employed for a light shutter and wherein a drive voltage proportional to information to be reproduced is selectively applied to a plurality of electro-optical materials to vary the amount of light passing through the light shutter so that the light passing through the light shutter can be utilized to form a recording by means of the electrophotographic process.
2. Description of An Prior Art
The image forming apparatus utilizing the light shutter is well known in the art. In this image forming apparatus, the electro-optical materials are exposed to rays of light at all times and, when a drive voltage is applied to some of the electro-optical materials, light modulating portions of some of the electro-optical materials permit the passage of recording light therethrough. The drive voltage is generally of a value required to cause the electro-optical materials to form an electric field in a predetermined direction. It has been found that a repeated application of the drive voltage to the electro-optical materials for a substantial period results in an internal polarization, that is, light-induced fatigue, occurring in some of the electro-optical materials, which in turn results in a change in drive voltage of a value required to maximize the light transmission through the light shutter, that is, a so-called half-wavelength voltage.
In order to recovery the electro-optical materials from the light-induced fatigue thereby to avoid any possible change in the half-wavelength voltage, some of the inventors of the present invention have suggested an image forming method wherein, during a non-recording period in which no recording is carried out, a recovery voltage intended to recover the electro-optical materials from the light-induced fatigue is applied to the electro-optical materials so as to form an electric field in a direction opposite to that formed by the application of the drive voltage during a recording period. This suggested method is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,902,111 issued Feb. 20, 1991.
On the other hand, in the image forming apparatus utilizing an electrophotographic process, a recording of an image on a recording medium such as, for example, paper is carried out by radiating imagewise rays of light to a photoreceptor surface to form an electrostatic latent image and then applying toner material to the electrostatic latent image to form a toner image which is subsequently transferred onto and fixed on the recording medium. This electrophotographic process may possibly be classified into two types depending on the manner by which the electrostatic latent image is developed into the toner image. One type may be referred to as a positive-to-positive system wherein the portion of the electrostatic charge built up on the photoreceptor surface which has been exposed to the imagewise rays of light is depleted to form a positive electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor drum and, during a developing step, toner material charged to a polarity opposite to that of the positive electrostatic latent image is applied to the remaining portion of the electrostatic charge, that is, the positive electrostatic latent image, thereby to form the toner image. The other may be referred to as a negative-to-positive system wherein a portion of the electrostatic charge built up on the photoreceptor surface which has been exposed to the imagewise rays of light is depleted to form a negative electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor drum and, during a developing step, toner material charged to the same polarity as that of the negative electrostatic latent image is applied to that portion of the electrostatic charge, that is, the negative electrostatic latent image, thereby to form the toner image.
According to the previously discussed image forming method, while the recovery voltage, that is, the voltage used to recover the electro-optical materials from the light-induced fatigue, is applied to the electro-optical material during the non-recording period, it has been found that the application of the recovery voltage tends to allow the rays of light to pass through a portion of the light shutter where the recovery voltage has been applied. Because of this, where the prior art light shutter is employed in the electrophotographic image forming apparatus utilizing the negative-to-positive developing system, the application of the recovery voltage takes place during the non-recording period and does, therefore, not affect the recording.
However, a relatively large quantity of toner material tends to be deposited during the developing step on a portion of the photoreceptor surface which is exposed to rays of light having passed through a light modulating portion as a result of the application of the recovery voltage. The toner material so deposited on that portion of the photoreceptor surface does not participate in the recording and is subsequently removed therefrom by a cleaning means without being transferred onto the recording medium, thus posing a problem associated with a waste of toner material.
Also, repeated deposition and removal of the toner material in relation to the photoreceptor surface tends to allow toner material to scatter and, therefore, not only the inside of the image forming apparatus, but also some recording mediums tend to become dirty.


Apparatuses and methods are provided directed at teaching writing, such as printing, cursive, and calligraphy, to users of all ages. Typically, the embodiments are directed toward teaching children the basic skills of writing. However, it may be appreciated that the embodiments may be utilized by users of all ages. In particular, embodiments of the invention can be used to teach the skill of writing and learning letters of the English alphabet to foreigners. Or, embodiments of the invention can be used to teach English speakers various foreign alphabets. For example, embodiments may provide instruction in writing Arabic letters, Greek letters, or Chinese or Japanese characters, to name a few. Additionally, embodiments of the invention may be used to teach artistic forms of writing, such as calligraphy, script, or various fonts.

Writing is a fundamental aspect of learning and communicating in our society. Although the introduction of computers and the adoption of word processing by younger and younger generations has introduced typing as a significant means of writing, the manual practice of handwriting is still a necessary skill and provides a unique aspect of the learning process.
Traditionally, such learning has been achieved in a classroom or tutorial setting wherein the pupil is guided by an instructor. The pupil is provided with a sheet of plain lined paper to practice the skill of writing. Or, the pupil is provided with a worksheet having blanks for writing text or numbers in relation to elements printed on the page. In either case, the pupil is generally directed by the instructor as to the tasks to be performed on the page. And, in the case of the worksheet, the pupil may be required to read to be able to follow the instructions.
It is desired to provide a means for learning that does not require the continuous presence of an instructor or the ability to read. Further it is desired to provide a means for learning which is stimulating, engaging and fosters interest in learning. These objectives are addressed, individually and collectively, by the present invention.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A disk storage in which a first dimension in which a disk is inserted/ejected a disk is approximately orthogonal to a second dimension in which a head seeks. A housing which accommodates a disk has an opening portion via which a head seeks a desired track on the disk. The opening portion is aligned in the second dimension. Since the head moves in the second dimension, it is not necessary to provide a space in the first dimension for moving the head. Therefore, the disk storage according to the present invention can be made thinner in the first dimension than the conventional disk storage in which the head moves through the opening portion in the first dimension.

The present invention relates generally to disk storages, and more particularly to a disk storage in which a direction of inserting a disk is approximately orthogonal to a direction of seeking by a head.
As shown in FIG. 1, a so-called floppy disk 2a is accommodated in a disk cartridge 2 having an almost quadrate surface. The disk cartridge 2 has an opening portion 3 which extends in a radial direction of the disk 2a. When the disk cartridge 2 is inserted into a conventional disk storage 1 in a direction A.sub.1, a shutter 4 which shuts the opening portion 3 is moved in a direction B.sub.1 orthogonal to a dimension A so as to open the opening portion 3. Hereupon, the term "a dimension A", as used herein, includes the directions A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 shown in FIG. 1. As is the same as a dimension B. Thus, as shown in FIG. 1, a head 6 moves through the opening portion 3 and records information on a desired track and/or reproduces information therefrom. The head 6 is moved in the dimension A by a driving device 9 comprising a step motor 7 and a lead screw 8 which are aligned in the dimension A. The head 6 is engaged with the lead screw rotated by the step motor 7 and is moved along the lead screw 8. Thus, in the conventional disk storage 1, a direction in which a disk cartridge 2 is inserted, a longitudinal direction in which the opening portion 3 extends, a direction of seeking by the head 6, and respective directions in which the step motor 7 and the lead screw 8 are aligned respectively correspond to the dimension A.
However, the conventional disk storage 1 has the following disadvantage in that it cannot be made thinner in the dimension A because of a space 10 shown in FIG. 1. In addition, only a part of the space 10 is used for the moving of the head 6 at the opening portion 3 and for arranging the driving device 9 and the arm 5 therein. Such a disadvantage is serious as to miniaturize the disk cartridge has been the object of much effort in many countries.

Disk storage in which direction of inserting disk is approximately orthogonal to direction of seeking by head


A polishing system (10) is used to polish a semiconductor wafer (16) in accordance with the present invention. Polishing system (10) includes a wafer carrier (14) which includes a modulation unit (20). Modulation unit (20) includes a plurality of capacitors made up of a flexible lower plate (22) and a plurality of smaller upper plate segments (24). A controller (40) monitors the capacitance between each smaller upper plate segment (24) and lower plate (22), and compares the measured capacitance against a predefined set capacitance. To the extent the measured capacitance and predefined capacitance are different, controller (40) adjusts the voltage being applied to the respective upper plate segment (24) so that the measured capacitance and predefined capacitance are aligned. Thus, the present invention is able to achieve dynamic and localized control of the shape of the wafer as it is being polished.

Chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) is fast becoming an industry standard manufacturing process in semiconductor wafer fabrication. CMP is used to planarize various dielectric and conductive layers which are deposited on a wafer. Planarization is necessary to enable subsequent layers to be deposited and patterned without the underlying topography adversely affecting the patterning and deposition of these layers. In a typical CMP process, a wafer is held in a carrier and pressed against a rotating polishing pad in the presence of a slurry. A combination of the chemical and mechanical interaction between the semiconductor wafer, the slurry, and the polishing pad results in removal of the exposed films.
Despite the success of CMP, an ongoing problem with CMP is the ability to achieve uniform polishing across a wafer surface. The rate at which material is removed from the wafer varies radially from center to edge of the wafer. Typically, the center of the wafer polishes slower than the edges of the wafer. A fact which compounds this problem of polishing is that the wafer being polished is often not perfectly flat. For example, the wafer can be bowed to be either concave or convex, or can have more localized concavities or convexities. Factors which affect the shape of the wafer are the various thermal processes which the wafer has seen previously, and the types of films which are deposited onto the wafer.
Various solutions have been proposed to resolve the problems associated with non-uniform polishing. One proposed solution is to use a shaped carrier to hold the wafer during polishing. For example, the carrier is shaped to be concave or convex to match the shape of the wafer which is being polished. A problem with the use of the shaped carrier, however, is that the compensation is fixed. For example, a shaped carrier may work adequately for a convex wafer, but for a concave wafer the same carrier will actually degrade uniformity. Another solution to the problem is to shape the polishing platen rather than the wafer carrier. However, use of a shaped platen suffers from the same problem in that the shape of the platen is fixed while the shape of various wafers being polished will vary.
Yet another solution to the problem of polishing non-uniformity is the use of backside air. In using backside air, positive air pressure is applied to the backside of the wafer to cause the wafer to intentionally bow, thus increasing the contact area at the center of the wafer to the polishing pad. However, use of backside air likewise suffers from the fact that the amount of pressure being applied is constant regardless of whether the wafer being polished is concave, convex or flat.
Accordingly, there is a need in the semiconductor industry for a method for polishing semiconductor wafers which provides uniform polishing despite the incoming shape of the wafer being polished. Furthermore, it would be desirable for such a process to be easily integrated into existing manufacturing processes, and with minimal impact on manufacturing costs and wafer throughput.

Method for polishing a semiconductor wafer using dynamic control


A baler tie feed apparatus is provided having a compaction chamber, a platen and a door, wherein aligned channels are defined within the top and bottom of the compaction chamber, the platen and the door so as to define a plurality of continuous open channels surrounding a bale of compacted material having horizontal top and bottom portions and vertical front and rear portions. A tie feed apparatus is provided which comprises a plurality of elongate tie engaging members, each of which engages tying media inserted through the top and rear portions of the channels and is advanced to thread the tying media through the bottom portion of the channels.

The present invention generally relates to a baler tie feed apparatus useful in conjunction with a baler used to compact loose material, such as trash, refuse and recyclables, into dense, compact bales. The invention has specific utility in tying a bale of compacted material to maintain its compacted size and shape once the bale is discharged from the baler.
It is well known to compact loose material by means of a refuse or recycling baler into dense, tightly packed bales to facilitate the transfer, storage, disposal and/or recycling of such material. The types of material which may be so compacted range from agricultural products, such as straw, hay, cotton and the like, to trash, refuse and recyclables. For the purpose of this discussion, the material will be referred to as trash, refuse or recyclables, although it will be apparent that the present invention has utility with respect to the compaction of such other materials as well.
Such balers typically consist of a hopper into which the material to be compacted is deposited, a compaction chamber in which the bale of compacted material is formed and a ram or platen which is activated to move the material from the hopper into the compaction chamber in which the material is compacted into a compact, dense bale. Once a bale is so formed, the platen is withdrawn and the bale discharged from the compaction chamber. Upon discharge from the compaction chamber, however, the compacted material in the bale will not maintain its shape, but tends to expand and increase in size. It is well known to tie the compacted bale with various media (such as twine, string, wire and metal banding) to minimize the size of the bale for handling, transfer, storage and/or disposal.
A number of different tying arrangements have been utilized for this purpose. The most basic tying arrangement includes manually wrapping the tying media around the bale after the bale is released from the baler and securing the opposed ends of the tying media once the bale is so wrapped. Since the material in the bale expands fairly quickly once the bale is removed from the baler, it is important to complete such manual wrapping as soon as possible to keep the expansion of the bale to a minimum. It is inevitable that some expansion will occur, however, no matter how quickly the bale is wrapped.
To solve the problems inherent with wrapping the bale manually after it is removed from the baler, it has been known to provide various means to wrap the bale while it is still in the baler and before it has an opportunity to expand. The primary challenge to be overcome in so doing is to wrap the bale with tying media while the bale is still located within the structure of the compaction chamber and the platen is in place. The prior art devices typically involve providing channels or openings within the compaction chamber and platen through which the tying media may be threaded to encircle the bale while the bale is in its most compacted form and prior to discharging the bale from the baler. These prior art solutions present their own set of problems, however.
One example of such prior art bale wrapping devices is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,528,364 to Freund. In that instance, a wire carrier is disclosed which moves partially around the bale to wrap a number of baling wires around the bale once formed. Once the baling wires have encircled the bale, a wire twisting mechanism is activated to twist the opposed ends of the baling wires to tighten and secure them.
Another example of such prior art bale wrapping devices is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,232,599 to Ulrich. In that instance, a baler is provided in which channels or grooves are provided in the bottom of the ram (platen), rear and floor of the baler. The channels or grooves are aligned to define continuous channels or grooves around three sides of the bale. Once the bale is formed, the door is opened and a "fish tool" is inserted into each channel to draw a number of wires or cords around three sides of the bale. Once so drawn around the bale, the opposed ends of the wires or cords are tied to secure the bale.
Another example of the prior art bale wrapping devices is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,852,969 to Anthony. In this instance, a number of wedge-shaped, bale compression members are provided on the inner faces of opposed platens which cause compressed areas in a cotton bale as the same is being formed. Wires are threaded through the recesses in the compression members to encircle the bale. Once the opposed ends of the wires are secured, the platens are withdrawn and the wires remain in place around the bale by passing out of the recesses through an opening.
Still yet another example of the bale wrapping devices of the prior art is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,971,307 to Daniel et al. In this instance, a bale encircling, movable guide track is provided having opposed sections defining a wire receiving groove. Once the guide track is in place, a wire is passed through the groove to encircle the bale. The opposed ends of the wire are secured by twisting, and the wire is tensioned to pull the wire from between the opposed sections of the guide track. At that point, the movable portions of the guide track are removed to leave the wire tied around the bale.
All of the prior art devices utilize complicated, detailed mechanisms which are expensive to construct and maintain.


A card reader-writer includes a body provided with a card inserting opening into which a card to which reading and writing of information can be made is inserted, magnetic heads arranged in the body to read and write information from and on the card, and a device for carrying the card which is inserted into the card inserting opening to the magnetic heads. The carrying device includes a card chucking unit for chucking the card and a carriage for moving the chucking unit along a certain passage. The position of the card chucked by the chucking unit is corrected by a card position adjusting or correcting unit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a card reader writer for transmitting and receiving information to and from magnetic and IC cards.
2. Description of the Related Art
Automatic monetary machines such as the cash dispenser (CD) and the automatic teller machine (ATM) which use magnetic and IC cards as their information recording media have been developed to save and speed up business works at the front of financial agencies such as the bank, post office and credit bank.
These automatic monetary machines need no person attended or in charge. Therefore, they have been improved day by day to need no maintenance and enhance their reliability so as to allow any customer to use them with a sense of relief even on holiday. Particularly when the card reader-writer is jammed by the card on holiday, the situation becomes critical because the card cannot be returned to the customer. In order to avoid this, therefore, the card reader-writer is provided with various measures.
The conventional card reader-witer has a card inserting opening in the center of one side of its frame and the card is selectively inserted into this card inserting opening. Magnetic stripes are formed on the top and underside of the card. Take-in rollers for taking the card inserted into the card inserting opening into the card reader-writer are arranged one upon the other in the frame and adjacent to the card inserting opening.
On the other hand, a group of paired carrying rollers is arranged behind the take-in rollers in the frame in such a way that the paired carrying rollers are opposed to each other in the vertical direction. Each of these carrying and take-in rollers is made of rubber or plastics. Further, magnetic heads are located adjacent to the carrying rollers, opposing to each other in the vertical direction with a certain magnetic gap interposed between them. The carrying and take-in rollers are driven commonly by a motor.
The card inserted into the card inserting opening is taken into the card reader-writer by the take-in rollers and carried backward between the front paired carrying rollers. This card is carried backward by pressing force created between the carrying rollers by springs and by friction created by the carrying rollers rotated. In this case, the card is carried to the area paired carrying rollers while spreading the upper and lower magnetic heads. When the card passes between the magnetic heads in this manner, the magnetic heads read information recorded on the magnetic stripe on the card and write information on the magnetic stripe thereon. When a series of these processes is finished, the card is returned to the card inserting opening and then back to the customer.
In the case of the conventional card reader-writer arranged as described above, however, the card is frictionally carried using frictional force between the rubber- or plastics-made take-in rollers and between the rubber- or plastics-made carrying rollers and the card. Therefore, the frictional force changes depending upon the surface state of each of the rollers, that of the card and material of which the card is made. In addition, each of the rollers repeats its elastic deformation every time the card is carried between the rollers. As the result, the card carrying velocity cannot be kept certain, thereby preventing reading and writing of magnetic information from being accurately achieved.
Further, the card is successively carried backward by three pairs of the carrying rollers and every time it is taken between the paired carrying rollers, it is impacted by the rollers and thus vibrated. The stability of carrying the card is thus lowered, thereby making it impossible to accurately read and write the magnetic information.
Furthermore, when the carrying rollers are used for a long time without adding any maintenance to them, dust, oil and the others adhere to their surface to thereby lower their card carrying capacity. In the worst case, they cannot carry the card.
In the case of the IC-incororated card, the magnetic stripe, the embossed portion and the IC node portion are arranged adjacent to one another on the card in the width direction thereof. This allows the card to be sandwiched between the carrying rollers only at such an area of the card that extends about 2-3 mm from one side edge of the card in the width direction thereof. It is therefore feared that the card carrying capacity of the carrying rollers is further lowered.
As described above, the conventional card reader-writer uses the system of carrying the card by the frictional force created between the rubber-made rollers and the card. This makes it difficult to carry the card at a certain velocity. As the result, reliable reading and writing of information cannot be attained.


A semiconductor device suitable for the miniaturization and comprising properly controlled Si/SiGe gate electrode comprises an insulator formed on a semiconductor substrate, a first gate electrode formed on the insulator and including silicon-germanium, wherein a germanium concentration is higher near an interface to the insulator and lower in a surface side opposite to the insulator, and a second gate electrode formed on the insulator and including silicon-germanium, wherein a germanium concentration is substantially uniform and an n-type dopant of a concentration of above 6×1020 atoms/cm3 is contained.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a semiconductor device comprising a silicon and silicon-germanium stacked film structure suitable to miniaturization of a gate electrode and a method for manufacturing the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
Attention has now been paid to the technique of using a silicon and silicon-germanium stacked film (hereinafter referred to as an Si/SiGe) as a gate electrode of MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (hereinafter referred to as MOS)). A properly formed Si/SiGe gate electrode has various advantages, for example, suppressing a formation of a depletion layer in the gate electrode and improving current driving capability of p-type MOSFET (hereinafter referred to as pMOS).
However, there is a problem that resistance of a silicide being formed on the gate electrode is increased if the Ge concentration in the upper surface of the gate electrode is increased. Thus the surface Ge concentration of the gate electrode prior to the formation of the silicide is preferably low. In order to solve this problem, a technique for forming a poly-Si layer on the SiGe layer is disclosed in JPN PAT APPLN KOKAI PUBLICATION NO. 2002-26318. The patent further discloses another technique for controlling a cross-sectional configuration of the gate electrode by thermally oxidizing the gate electrode to provide a T-shaped gate configuration. However, no reference is made to the application of this technique to the complementary MOSFET (hereinafter referred to as a CMOS).
In order to apply the SiGe gate electrode to CMOS, there are further problems to be solved. To improve the current driving capability of pMOS, it is preferable to increase the Ge concentration in the gate electrode, in particular, near an interface to the gate insulator. In nMOS, however, if the Ge concentration near the interface to the gate insulator is increased, the current driving capability is lowered, thus presenting a problem just opposite to that in pMOS. Therefore, there remains a task to be solved, that is, a task such that the Ge concentration in the gate electrode is properly controlled in pMOS and nMOS, respectively.
A technique to control Ge concentration profiles in the Si/SiGe gate electrode of pMOS and nMOS in CMOS is disclosed by Hwa Sung Rhee et. al. in a paper entitled "A New Double-Layered Structure for Mass-Production-Worthy CMOSFETs with Ploy-SiGe Gate", 2002 Symposium on VLSI Technology Digest of Technical Papers, 13.3, pp. 126–127. That is, by controlling a polycrystalline structure in a p-type gate electrode, the polycrystalline structure is formed to be different from that in an n-type gate electrode. As a result, the Ge concentration in the SiGe film in the p-type gate electrode is maintained at a higher level. That is, when the Si/SiGe gate electrode is crystallized, the crystal grain size in the lower SiGe layer is made smaller in pMOS while the crystal grain size of the upper Si layer is made larger in pMOS. In nMOS, the crystal grain size is not controlled, so that the lower SiGe layer and upper Si layer both have a smaller crystal grain size. In this way, density of a crystal grain boundary, which acts as a diffusion path of Ge in the gate electrode, is controlled to less in pMOS gate electrode and more in nMOS gate electrode. As a result, the Ge concentration near a gate electrode/gate insulator interface can be made higher only in pMOS gate electrode. To provide the above-mentioned crystal grain size distribution, pMOS gate electrode is formed not as a conventional continuous deposition of polycrystalline SiGe film and polycrystalline Si film but as a four-layered deposition including a lower polycrystalline SiGe film, an intermediate amorphous Si film, an intermediate amorphous SiGe film and an upper amorphous Si film. Then the four-layered structure is crystallized to form a controlled crystal grain size described above. For this reason, the manufacturing process becomes complex, thus presenting a problem.
With the miniaturization of the CMOS semiconductor device, a problem occurs in the formation of an extension of a source/drain near edge of the gate electrode to lessen a short channel effect. In the conventional method for providing an extension by implantation after the formation of the gate electrode, horizontal diffusion length of the extension below the gate electrode is greater in pMOS than in nMOS, so that their overlap amounts are different. This is caused by the difference in diffusion coefficient between p-type and n-type dopants introduced into the extensions. To solve the problem, for example, proposals are made by which, a thicker offset spacer is formed in pMOS than in nMOS after the formation of the gate electrode, a heat treatment of pMOS is made at a lower temperature than that of nMOS, or the like. Even in either case, the complex process or lowering of a device performance is unavoidable.
Therefore, there is a need for a gate electrode and its formation technique suitable to the miniaturized CMOS semiconductor device. For pMOS and nMOS, there is a growing demand for a technique for properly controlling a Ge concentration in the respective Si/SiGe electrode as well as the technique for properly controlling an overlap amount between the extension and the gate electrode.

Semiconductor device and method for manufacturing the same


A power supply unit of an electronic sphygmomanometer includes a dry cell as a primary battery, a rechargeable battery as a secondary battery, and a power supply control circuit. A voltage detector detects a voltage (characteristic value) of the rechargeable battery, and a voltage detector detects the voltage of the dry cell. A switching control unit performs switching control of the dry cell and the rechargeable battery based on a detection result by the voltage detectors.

Measuring a blood pressure every day is very important from the perspective of health care. Thus, electronic sphygmomanometers for home use that can measure a blood pressure also outside the hospital are widely used.
An electronic sphygmomanometer is driven by a primary battery (hereinafter, referred to as a "dry cell"), an AC (Alternating Current) adapter, or a secondary battery (hereinafter, referred to as a "rechargeable battery").
However, if one of the dry cell and the rechargeable battery is used, a blood pressure cannot be measured if the capacity (residual quantity) thereof runs out during measurement.
Thus, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-245857 (Patent Document 1) proposes a technique to let a user know the remaining number of times of measurement based on the voltage value of the battery.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-245857


An educational device for broadening one's vocabulary and for developing spelling skills. The device includes a generally rectangular board member that is divided by printed, colored lines into several rectangular sections. Each rectangular section includes a pictorial representation of an object, along with the spelled word corresponding with the name of that object, and a series of side-by-side tile positioning indicia next to the spelled word associated with the illustrated object. A plurality of letter tiles of substantially uniform shape are provided, each letter tile bearing the same color as that of the dividing lines on the board member with which it is to be used, and also bearing a letter of the alphabet on at least one surface. The letter tiles are of a shape and size to conform with the shape defined by the tile positioning indicia carried by the board member, to enable one using the device to spell the name of the object, either with only the pictorial representation of an object displayed, or with both the pictorial representation and the spelled word exposed to the user. Pairs of words on the board member are anagrams, to demonstrate that different words can be spelled by using the same letters.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an educational device for developing and improving vocabulary and spelling skills. More particularly, the present invention relates to an educational device in the form of one or more boards bearing different sets of pictures of individual animals or objects, the spelled names of the animals or objects adjacent to the respective pictures, and associated spaces for receiving appropriate letter tiles, along with a set of letter tiles that are adapted to be positioned by a user within appropriate ones of the spaces to properly spell the name of the animal or object, and thereby develop and improve the user's vocabulary skills and spelling facility.
2. Description of the Related Art
Learning tools for stimulating the educational development of children and for supplementing and reinforcing learning developed through organized educational activities, such as nursery or pre-schools, and the like, have been in great demand over the years by parents. In response to that demand a number of different devices have been developed in the past in an attempt to provide an interesting and challenging way to develop a child's vocabulary, as well as his or her ability to spell correctly. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 1,428,456, which issued on Sep. 5, 1922, to Walter Stranders, there is disclosed an educational apparatus in the form of a panel bearing an illustration of an object, such as an animal, the panel including a series of adjacent, aligned strips of different colors that extend along the bottom edge of the panel. Accompanying the panel is a series of smaller, letter plates, each letter plate bearing a single letter forming part of the name of the object. Each letter plate includes a colored strip above the letter and along the uppermost edge of the plate. The colored strips associated with particular letters correspond in color with the colored strips along the bottom edge of the panel, to thereby permit the user to associate a given letter plate with a particular position along the bottom edge of the panel, so that the user can see the name of the object that is depicted in the illustration and its proper spelling.
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,183,471, which issued May 28, 1974, to Clarence T. Dean, III, there is shown a spelling toy in the form of a spelling board having horizontally-extending colored strips divided into a series of adjacent colored squares of the same color, onto which correspondingly colored numerical digits and alphabetical characters are adapted to be positioned. A series of vertical columns are defined by horizontally spaced vertical lines, and each column is headed with a number. The numeral digits and alphabetical characters each also carry on their surface a number that corresponds with the number of the column in which the digit or character is to be positioned. The coloration of the numerical digits and alphabetical characters, together with their columnar indication, assists and facilitates a child's placing the character or digit in the proper position on the board to spell a word. No illustrations are provided to identify the object that the word identifies.
Another form of spelling teaching aid is disclosed in United Kingdom Patent No. 1,021,094, which was published on Feb. 23, 1966, and which discloses a base member in the form of a rectangular element having a number of smaller, rectangular-shaped, aligned recesses. A preprinted panel is placed over the surface of the base member and is positioned by means of several positioning holes at corners of the panel, each positioning hole adapted to mate with a similar number of upstanding positioning pegs carried by the base member. Each preprinted panel includes several illustrations, each illustration showing a separate object, and next to each illustration are a number of groups of circular apertures or perforations, each group of perforations arranged in a different, predetermined pattern. Small, square blocks or tiles are also provided, each tile having a letter on one major surface and a number of outwardly extending pegs arranged in a predetermined pattern on the opposite major surface. Each tile is adapted to be positioned on a panel so that the pegs of the tile engage corresponding perforations in the panel, to thereby ensure that the letter tiles are properly positioned to spell the word that corresponds with the object illustrated. The device relies principally upon a child's spatial perception of the grouping of pegs and perforations, and his or her manipulative skill in properly positioning tiles on the preprinted panels.
Although the prior art devices each have some degree of educational merit, they each have their limitations. Moreover, the prior art devices described briefly above do not clearly demonstrate the fact that a single group of letters can form different words, to thereby challenge and stimulate a child to explore the world of words.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved educational device for developing vocabulary and spelling skills, one that is of simple construction, that is adaptable for use over a wide age range, and that permits the user to arrange a group of letters to form one word, and then to rearrange those letters to form a new and different word.

Educational device for developing vocabulary and spelling skills


A method for routing requests to a plurality of server clusters is disclosed. The method comprises establishing a first server cluster responding to requests concerning a first software via a first version of that software and to requests concerning a second software via a first version of that software, and a second server cluster responding to requests concerning the first software via a second version of that software and to requests concerning the second software via a second version of that software. A gateway router initially routes requests concerning the first and second software by default to the first server cluster. Upon receiving a request to change default routing of requests, a configuration of the gateway router is updated. Subsequent requests concerning the first software are routed to the second server cluster while subsequent request concerning the second software remain routed to the first server cluster.

In a server architecture supporting software-as-a-service or cloud-based computing, a "blue-green" topology is often used to allow simultaneously providing a stable production system (the "blue" system) and an unstable system undergoing development (the "green system"). Both systems run in parallel with a router or load balancer directing incoming requests from consumers or other non-developers to the "blue" system, and directing requests from developers, quality assurance representatives, software testers, or other authorized individuals to the "green" system.
When the new version of the software on the "green" system is deemed ready to go into production, any databases on the "blue" system may be cloned or otherwise migrated to the "green" system, and the router begins to direct traffic by default to the formerly "green" system, which is then denoted the new "blue" system. Because the change instantly occurs due to a changed configuration at the router, there is no downtime when the switch occurs. If bugs are detected after the switch occurs, the router's former configuration may be restored, to again seamlessly transition back to the former "blue" system while the "green" system undergoes further development and testing.
In many fields, business process management (BPM) software is used to track a number of parameters related to a workflow representing a task or project as it goes through stages or iterations towards completion. For example, BPM software may be used to track the confirmation of a bug report and fixing of the bug in software development, to track the status of an automobile at a mechanic through various procedures or checkups, to track the completion of a service request made to a customer service department, etc.
When a blue-green cluster system is used for multiple separate applications or workflows, there may be complications relating to a server-level switchover. While the software related to one workflow may be ready to go into production, the software related to another workflow may not, in which case the switchover is delayed until every piece of software is ready. If an error is discovered in the new "blue" server software after a switchover, there may be issues with merely rerouting back to the "green" (formerly "blue") server if some software on the "green" server has been modified in the meantime and other software has not. Thus, there are advantages to having a system that allows finer control over how specific requests to access server-side software are handled in a blue-green setup.

Process isolation via application-level blue-green topology


A fuel cell generator including a housing defining a plurality of chambers including a generator chamber having first and second generator sections. A plurality of elongated fuel cells extend through the first and second generator sections. An oxidant supply supplies oxidant to at least one of the chambers within the housing in order to provide oxidant to one end of each of the fuel cells. A fuel distribution plenum extends transversely to the elongated fuel cells and is located between the first and second generator sections. The fuel distribution plenum distributes fuel to the first and second generator sections in opposing directions within the generator chamber.

The dynamics of fuel cell stacks require that preferably fuel enters the stack from the opposite end of where the ambient air enters. As the fuel travels over cells, down the length of the stack, it is subject to electrochemical combustion. Typically a fraction of the unused fuel/combustion products mixture is recirculated, while a fraction is mixed with vitiated air to satisfy the mass balance. In prior art tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) generators, the SOFC geometry is cylindrical with one closed end. Fuel enters the stack at the cell closed end and flows upward in the space surrounding the cells. Air enters each cell through an air feed tube (AFT) concentrically positioned within the cell, exits the AFT at the closed end, and flows upward in the annular space between the AFT and the cell. As the fuel and air flow from the cell closed end to the open end, most of the fuel is electrochemically reacted with oxygen from the air producing electricity. The depleted fuel exiting the cell stack, which typically consists of 20% (H2+CO) and 80% (H2O+CO2), is combusted with the vitiated air exiting the cell in a combustion zone above the cell open ends to create exhaust gas. In this configuration no seals are required to separate the fuel stream from the air stream due to the closed end design of the tubular SOFC and the use of AFT's. A known construction for this type of fuel cell is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,764,784.
In a known method of manufacturing closed end fuel cells, the interconnection between cells, the electrolyte and the fuel electrode layers are deposited on an extruded and sintered lanthanum manganite air electrode tube by plasma spray. The lanthanum chromite interconnection is in the form of a narrow strip that runs axially over the entire active length of the cell. A yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte is deposited in such a way as to almost entirely cover the cell. The electrolyte layer overlaps the edges of the interconnection strip but leaves most of the interconnection exposed. Because the interconnection and electrolyte layers are dense, the overlap feature provides a seal that prevents direct mixing of air and fuel gas. A nickel/yttria stabilized zirconia cermet fuel electrode layer is deposited in such a way as to almost entirely cover the electrolyte, but leaves a narrow margin of electrolyte between the interconnection and the fuel electrode. This margin prevents shorting of the cell. Series electrical connections between cells are accomplished by means of a structure made from nickel foam and nickel screen. The foam part of which becomes sintered to the interconnection while the screen part becomes sintered to the fuel electrode of the adjacent cell. A solid oxide fuel cell according to this construction is described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,157,172, which patent is incorporated herein by reference.
In the above described closed end fuel cell designs, the closed end is a highly stressed region during plasma spray operations performed during manufacturing to deposit the interconnections, the electrolyte, and the fuel electrode. Elimination of the closed end may be expected to reduce failure due to thermal stress and thus significantly increase the yield during manufacturing. Furthermore, elimination of the air feed tubes would represent a substantial cost savings and a design simplification.
In an alternative construction for fuel cell stacks, a mid-sectional fuel distribution construction for fuel cells may be provide, as disclosed in US Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0087254, which patent application is incorporated herein by reference. In this construction, a fuel cell stack is described that comprises an air inlet, a series of fuel cells, a new fuel inlet, a fuel distributor, a recirculation plenum, and an exhaust. In all of the designs presented in this reference, fresh fuel from the fuel distributor enters the fuel cell stack in a middle-third section of the fuel cell stack, and the fresh fuel is divided to flow towards opposite ends of the stack. A common aspect of all of the designs presented in this reference is the fact that no seals are required to separate the fuel stream from the air stream.
It should be noted that in a typical closed end SOFC design, the combustion zone located near the entrance end of the air feed tubes operates to heat the entering air and improve the efficiency of the reaction. Accordingly, in alternative designs such as those that eliminate air feed tubes, it is important to ensure that the entry end of the fuel cell is maintained at a sufficient temperature to avoid negative effects on the cell performance.
There is a continuing need for a fuel cell stack construction that addresses problems associated with manufacturing of fuel cell stacks, while providing a high power density and increased operating efficiencies.

Solid oxide fuel cell generator with mid-stack fuel feed


Disclosed are useful and unique glass phosphate cement compositions and methods for their use as surgical implant materials to fill cavities in bone and canals in teeth. The cement compositions consist of glass powders having a range of chemicals including P.sub.2 O.sub.5, CaO, SrO and Na.sub.2 O in combination with an aqueous liquid and with or without therapeutic agents. Mixing the powder and liquid results in a hardening reaction. When the cement is implanted into hard tissue, it serves as a filler/graft material and along with the release of leachable constituents it can assist in the healing and maintenance of healthy bone.

1. Field of Invention
This invention relates to ceramic cements and specifically to a new phosphate glass cement for hard tissue surgical implants and prostheses for man and animals in the dental, medical and veterinarian fields.
2. Description of Prior Art
In dental and medical practice, several different ceramic and glass materials are used for bone grafts and other prosthetic applications. These mainly contain calcium and phosphorus, the elements present in the mineralized tissue of bone and teeth.
Heretofore, some of these prosthetic ceramic materials set up and harden as a true cement whereas others are powder which when mixed with an aqueous media to form suspensions or pastes do not harden.
One such prosthetic material is Plaster of Paris powder, which upon mixing with water is placed in bony defects, thereupon hardening. Beginning in the 1800's and still in limited use today, this substance of CaSO.sub.4.2H.sub.2 O is resorbed by the body but is unpredictable as to its efficacy in stimulating bone to heal normally.
A second ceramic bone graft substance is an organic bone, that is, bovine bone with the organic components removed to leave the calcium phosphate mineral powder, essentially an apatite, Ca.sub.5 (PO.sub.4,CO.sub.3).sub.3 (OH). It becomes a paste when mixed with water but not a cement with the disadvantage the particles can migrate and wash out from the implant site.
A third bone graft material is of synthetic calcium phosphate apatite in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,097,935 to M. Jarcho, 1978 Jul. 4. Used as a coarse powder paste without hardening, the material can migrate from the site and is not considered biodegradable although a more recent form of apatite called OsteoGen of Impladent, Inc. is regarded as resorbable.
A fourth ceramic graft in the U.S. Pat. No. 3,913,229 to T. Driskell and others, 1975 Oct. 21 , is a non-apatite powder called tricalcium phosphate, Ca.sub.3 (PO.sub.4).sub.2 used as a paste. This substance is biodegradable but is not a cement.
Prosthetic cements made of various calcium phosphate powders and an aqueous reacting liquid were recently reported. H. Morima and others in the journal Gypsum Lime, 188 11-16 (1984) made a cement of alpha-Ca.sub.3 (PO.sub.4).sub.2 powder. In the patent JP 59,182,263, 1984 Oct. 17, Ca.sub.3 (PO.sub.4).sub.2 cements that solidify with 4N HNO.sub.3 were proposed for the repair of bones and teeth. W. Brown and L. Chow in U.S. Pat. No. 4,518,430, 1985 May 21,invented bone and tooth prosthetic cements from various calcium phosphate powders such as CaHPO.sub.4.2H.sub.2 O and Ca.sub.8 (PO.sub.4).sub.2 O mixed with acidic or basic water solutions.
In addition to the crystalline calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate bone graft ceramics listed above, there are several biologically compatible glasses containing calcium and phosphorus used as a non-cement prosthetic bone material. The best known of these is called Bioglass which is basically a silicate glass and non-resorbable with applications as coating on metals or as a solid bone prosthesis.
A more recent prosthetic glass based on a phosphate rather than silicate composition and containing CaO and other cations in the patent Appl. GB 2,178,422 to C. Drake, 1987 Feb. 11, is a dissolvable implant, but not a cement.
Besides the phosphate-containing implant glasses, none of which are cement systems, there do exist glass cements for the purpose of dental restorations, but not for surgical implants or bone grafting. The oldest of these is the so called silicate cement used for anterior tooth filling first introduced in the late 1800's of obscure origin. It is a silicate glass powder including ions of calcium, aluminum, sodium, and fluorine which when reacted with water solution of phosphoric acid hardens into a translucent cement. A more recent and dentally important modification of the silicate cement is the so called glass ionomer cement patented by A. Wilson and B. Kent, Ger 2,061,513 in 1971 June 24. This ionomer glass uses a silicate glass powder very similar to the silicate cement, but reacts the powder with an aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid or a copolymer of acrylic and itaconic acids. W. Potter and others invented a modification of the ionomer cement by using a reacting solution of polycarboxylic acid in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,123,416 of 1978 Oct. 31.


A droplet ejecting device includes an ejector that is adapted to eject a liquid stored in a pressure chamber from an ejecting nozzle, by applying pressure to the pressure chamber; an ejection timing detector that is adapted to detect a start timing at which a liquid column starts being ejected from the ejecting nozzle; a droplet separator that is adapted to give, to the liquid column, an energy that separates the liquid column from the liquid stored in the pressure chamber; and a controller that is adapted to control the droplet separator to give an energy at a timing when a predetermined time period has elapsed since the start timing detected by the ejection timing detector.

A well-known patterning method employs a droplet ejecting device for forming a wiring pattern on a substrate. The droplet ejecting device generally drops onto a substrate liquid containing a functional material such as silver particles, thereby fixing the functional material on the substrate to form a wiring pattern. Such a patterning method is described, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-164635. The method enables cost effective wiring patterning requiring only a simple mechanical configuration as compared to a vapor deposition method using a shadow mask.
FIGS. 12A to 12C are cross-sectional views of a major part of a conventional droplet ejecting device. The respective views illustrate a process of droplet formation and ejection from a pressure chamber 910 through a nozzle 930. In the figures, a droplet ejected from nozzle 930 is assumed to have a volume of 10 pl (picolitter: 10−15 m3). As shown in FIG. 12A, a surface 912 of pressure chamber 910, and which is in connective communication with a liquid tank 900, is deformed by means of a piezoelectric element 920 in a direction away from the interior of the chamber 910 to become convex, whereby a liquid in pressure chamber 910 is depressurized, and the liquid is allowed to flow from liquid tank 900 into pressure chamber 910. Conversely, in FIG. 12B, surface 912 of pressure chamber 910 is deformed by means of piezoelectric element 920 in a direction towards the interior of the chamber 910 to become concave, whereby the liquid in the chamber 910 is subject to increased pressure. As a result, a column of the liquid is caused to protrude from nozzle 930. As shown in FIG. 12C, when the liquid in pressure chamber 910 is again depressurized, the liquid column retracts into pressure chamber 910 through nozzle 930. During retraction, the liquid column separates at a neck portion formed under an inertial force, and a droplet is ejected from an ejecting head.
A liquid generally used for the patterning of the wiring contains a large quantity of fine conductive particles such as silver particles. That is, the liquid used for patterning is generally of a relatively high viscosity as compared to, for example, pigment type ink; and may have a viscosity of as high as 20 mPa·s (Pascal per second). To achieve high-precision wiring patterning, it is necessary to eject microscopic droplets from a droplet ejecting device.
However, the higher the viscosity of a liquid from which droplets are ejected from a droplet ejecting device, the more difficult it is to form a droplet of a sufficiently small volume (i.e., to micronize a droplet), which makes it difficult to carry out high-precision patterning. An example of this problem is illustrated in FIGS. 13A and 13B. The figures show a failure to create a microscopic droplet of about 2 pl from a high viscosity liquid being ejected from a droplet ejecting device. As described above, when a liquid in pressure chamber 910 is depressurized and then pressurized, a liquid column protrudes from nozzle 930 (see FIG. 13A). However, since an intermolecular force acting within a high viscosity liquid is large, the liquid column retracts into pressure chamber 910 without droplet separation taking place, even if the liquid in pressure chamber 910 is once again depressurized (see FIG. 13B).
In an attempt to overcome this problem it is possible to increase a speed at which a liquid column is ejected, or alternatively it is possible to increase a volume of the column. However, neither approach provides a satisfactory result. If the ejection speed of the liquid column is increased, spattering tends to result; also the ejected liquid droplets tend to shift from their intended trajectory and hit the substrate inaccurately. In the case of increasing a volume of the liquid column, it becomes impossible to form microscopic droplets. Thus, to date, a droplet ejecting device that is capable of micronizing droplets from a high viscosity liquid has not been available.

Droplet ejecting device, droplet ejecting method, and electronic optical device


A remote notification method is applicable to a remote notification method, where a server, through the Internet, receives user information sent by an application program executed in a first communication device, the server according to the user information sets a remote notification mode. When the server receives a startup command sent by a terminal device, the server, through the Internet, receives a message sent by the application program and sends out the message according to the remote notification mode. Therefore, a user can change the notification mode according to real usage requirements and can obtain the message received by the first communication device when not being able to directly operate the first communication device.

1. Technical Field of the Invention
The disclosure relates to a notification method, more particularly to a remote notification method.
2. Description of the Related Art
Mobile communication devices, especially mobile phones, have been widely used in daily life for communication. If the mobile phone is left at home, some important incoming calls or short messages will be missed, resulting in the user's inconvenience.
The remote notification system in the current market of mobile phones only provides a service in which incoming calls and short messages will be forwarded from one mobile phone to another through the network setting when the mobile phone is lost. For example, a console designed by a certain manufacturer of mobile phones supports such a setting function. However, such a forwarding service requires two mobile phones having different phone numbers and does not provide an email notification service, so that a user can not receive the incoming call information and short messages through a cloud computing.
Even though some telecommunications companies would notify users via the short message service (SMS) while users missed incoming calls, users could not know the notices from the telecommunications companies if their mobile phones were not with them.

INVENTEC (PUDONG) TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION


Compositions and methods for the preparation of ZPGM oxidation catalyst systems are disclosed. ZPGM catalyst systems may be employed within catalytic converters under lean hydrocarbon, air to fuel ratio condition to oxidize toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide and other hydrocarbons that may be included in exhaust gas. ZPGM oxidation catalyst systems are completely free of PGM catalyst and may include: a substrate, a washcoat, and an overcoat. Washcoat may include silver as ZPGM catalyst, and carrier material oxides. Similarly, overcoat may include at least one ZPGM catalyst, carrier material oxides and OSMs. Overcoat of the disclosed ZPGM catalyst system may include copper and cerium as ZPGM catalysts. Suitable known in the art chemical techniques, deposition methods and treatment systems may be employed in order to form the disclosed ZPGM catalyst systems. ZPGM catalyst systems may include high surface area, low conversion temperature catalysts that may exhibit high efficiency in the conversion of exhaust gases.

1. Field of the Disclosure
The present disclosure relates generally to catalytic systems, and more particularly to compositions and methods for the preparation of Zero Platinum Group Metal (ZPGM) oxidation catalyst systems.
2. Background
Catalysts within catalytic converters may work by oxidizing carbon monoxide (hereinafter referred to as "CO") to less harmful carbon dioxide, and oxidizing unburnt hydrocarbons (hereinafter referred to as "HC") to carbon dioxide and water. Catalytic converters may also reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) into nitrogen and oxygen.
Catalysts within catalytic converters are generally fabricated using at least some platinum group metals (PGM). With the ever stricter standards for acceptable emissions, the demand on PGM continues to increase due to their efficiency in removing pollutants from exhaust. However, this demand, along with other demands for PGM, places a strain on the supply of PGM, which in turn drives up the cost of PGM and therefore catalysts and catalytic converters.
For the foregoing reasons, there is a need for improved catalyst systems that do not require PGM, that may work at low conversion temperatures and may exhibit similar or better efficiency than prior art oxidation catalysts.

Oxidation catalyst systems compositions and methods thereof


A camera system that includes a taking lens having a motor drive mechanism and a control mechanism for controlling the motor drive mechanism, and a camera body to which the taking lens is detachably mounted. The camera system has a power supply that is provided in the camera body. Power supplying circuits provided in the camera body and the taking lens independently supply the motor drive mechanism and the control mechanism with electrical power. An abnormal power supply detecting device in the taking lens detects an abnormality in the supply of power to the motor drive mechanism, and a power cutting device in the camera body cuts the power supply to the motor drive mechanism when the abnormal power supply detecting device detects an abnormality in the power supply.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a power zoom lens including an automatic focusing device and a power zooming device, and a camera system having such a power zoom lens.
This application is related to the commonly assigned applications U.S. Ser. No. 07/410,880, 07/652,038, 07/407424, 07/414477, 07/41478, 07/670733, 07/406523, and 07/414476, the disclosures of which are expressly incorporated by reference herein.
2. Description of Related Art
There are various known lens shutter type cameras having automatic focusing devices and power zoom lenses with zoom motors. In an automatic focusing device in a single lens reflex camera, a focusing lens unit is moved by an AF motor in accordance with a detection signal outputted from a focus detecting device.
However, a single lens reflex camera having a power zoom lens has not been realized, since the provision of the power zoom lens not only complicates the mechanical construction of the camera body and the electrical connection to the camera body, but also makes it difficult to realize a simple interchangeable mechanism which is capable of connecting a conventional camera body to interchangeable lenses.
Furthermore, in a conventional single lens reflex camera, the drive of the AF motor is controlled by a CPU (microcomputer) provided in the camera body. It is also known to provide the AF motor in a taking lens, wherein electrical drive power is supplied to the AF motor by a battery provided in the camera body (e.g., Japanese Kokoku No. HEI 4-1554).
In this known single lens reflex camera, the power needed to drive the AF motor provided in the taking lens and the power needed to actuate a lens control circuit to control the AF motor are supplied to the taking lens from the camera body through common electrical terminals. Accordingly, if power cannot be appropriately supplied for some reason, for example, if there is a problem with the AF motor, the lens control circuit will not operate properly. If this occurs, the microcomputer provided in the camera body will cut the power supply to the taking lens.
The fact that an abnormal operation is occurring can be detected. However, it is impossible to identify the source of the trouble (e.g., the AF motor or lens control circuit) or the exact cause of the trouble (e.g., failure of electrical connection). Furthermore, once trouble occurs, the power supply to both the AF motor and the lens control circuit is cut, even if, for example, the control circuit normally works.

Power zoom lens and camera system having same


A tape drive for accommodating tape cartridges of different sizes and capacities is provided with a tape insertion opening, a first guide at a first side of the tape insertion opening, and a second guide at a second side of the tape insertion opening. The first and second guides are separated from one another to provide a first opening width that accommodates insertion of tape cartridges of a first size between the first and second guides. The first and second guides are movable within the tape insertion opening to provide a second opening width that accommodates insertion of tape cartridges of a second size.

Conventional tape drives, such as those used in data archival tape systems, are designed for use with a standard size tape cartridge, such as that depicted in FIG. 1. Exemplary dimensions of the tape cartridge 10 are 8 cm wide (W.sub.I) by 6 cm deep (arrows D) and 1.4 cm high. The tape cartridge 10 has two tape reels 12 which are driven by a drive capstan 14. Guide posts 15 guide the tape 17 from the reels past a cartridge door 16. The cartridge door 16 is provided on the front end of the tape cartridge 10 and is pivoted around a pivot 18 to swing open in the direction of arrow 19. When the cartridge door 16 is open, the tape 17 is exposed to a recording head (not illustrated) for recording on the tape 17.
FIGS. 3-5 depict a portion of a standard tape drive 21 and the insertion of the standard tape cartridge 10 into that drive. The tape drive 21 has a mouth 23, and a stationary door opener 25 within the mouth 23. The sequence of FIGS. 3-5 demonstrate the pivoting of the cartridge door 16 upon insertion of the tape cartridge 10 by the door opener 25 when the outer edge 20 of the cartridge door 16 is pushed against the door opener 25. In FIG. 3, the tape cartridge 10 is about to be inserted into the drive, positioned in alignment with the drive mouth 23. As the cartridge 10 enters the drive 21, shown in FIG. 4, the cartridge door 16 begins to pivot open as it is brought into contact with opener 25. Once the cartridge door 16 is open and the tape cartridge 10 fully inserted (FIG. 5), the tape 17 in the tape cartridge 10 is exposed to recording head 27.
With increases in system memory capacity, there is a need for increased archival capacity. This can be provided by higher capacity tape cartridges, containing a longer tape than contained in the standard tape cartridges 10. Due to the greater length of tape, an increased capacity tape cartridge will necessarily be larger in size than a standard tape cartridge 10. However, tape drives that can accommodate a larger capacity tape cartridge should also be able to accommodate a standard capacity tape cartridge to provide users with the option of which tape cartridge to use in a particular circumstance.
One type of higher capacity tape cartridge has a front end (the load side) that is necked down to 8 cm wide to fit into a standard size drive mouth. A top view of an embodiment of such a tape cartridge with increased archival capacity is depicted in FIG. 2. This high capacity tape cartridge 30 contains the same internal elements as that of the standard tape cartridge 10 of FIG. 1. Hence, the high capacity tape cartridge 30 has tape reels 32, drive capstan 34, and guide posts 35. The tape cartridge 30 also has a cartridge door 36 pivotally mounted at pivot 38.
The front end 37 (the load end) of the tape cartridge 30 has the same width (e.g., 8 cm) as the front end of the standard tape cartridge 10. However, to provide the increased capacity for holding the longer tape, the housing 40 of the high capacity tape cartridge 30 is both deeper and wider toward the rear end 39 of the cartridge 30. As exemplary dimensions, when the high capacity tape cartridge 30 has an inner width W.sub.I of 8 cm (the same as the width W.sub.I of the standard tape cartridge 10), the outer width W.sub.O is 9.5 cm, and the depth D is 7.2 cm. The height of the high capacity tape cartridge 30 is the same as that of the standard capacity tape cartridge 10.
The widened rear end 39 of the high capacity tape cartridge 30 prevents the tape cartridge 30 from being inserted in a standard tape drive to the extent necessary to fully open the cartridge door 36. In order to insert such a higher capacity tape cartridge 30 into a standard tape drive, a drive mouth 41 must be made wider and a cartridge door opener 43 within the drive mouth 41 must be positioned inwardly toward the recording head 45, such as depicted in FIG. 6a. However, simply making the drive mouth 41 of a tape drive wider and moving the door opener 43 inward to accommodate a larger tape cartridge 30, causes the cartridge door 36 to open too late and hit the recording head 45. FIG. 6b depicts a partially inserted tape cartridge 30, and this late opening of the cartridge door 36.
There is therefore a need for a tape drive that can accommodate both the standard capacity tape cartridges and the higher capacity tape cartridges, and still ensure that the cartridge door of the tape cartridges will clear the recording head as the tape cartridges are inserted into the tape drive.

Tape drive with movable centering guide and door opening arrangement


An improvement is proposed in the curing method of an epoxy resin by the admixture of a polyamide as a crosslinking curing agent, in which the curing agent as well as the epoxy resin composition with admixture of the curing agent has an outstandingly low viscosity as compared with the use of a conventional polyamide to facilitate handling. The improvement can be obtained by using, as the polyamide, a condensation reaction product between (A) an alkylene polyamine having 4 to 20 carbon atoms in a molecule and (B) a dimeric acid mixture containing at least 50% by weight of a non-cyclic dimeric acid or an alkyl ester thereof represented by the general formula ##STR1## in which each R is, independently from the other, a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group obtained by the dimerization reaction of oleic acid or an alkyl ester thereof. When flexibility or bendability is desired of the cured epoxy resin, the condensation reaction is performed, in addition to the reactants (A) and (B), with admixture of a C.sub.5-21 monobasic carboxylic acid or an alkyl ester thereof.

The present invention relates to a method for curing an epoxy resin with a curing agent. More particularly, the invention relates to a method for curing an epoxy resin with a curing agent which is a polyamide derived from a polyamine and a novel dimeric acid mixture capable of giving a curable epoxy resin composition having a relatively low viscosity and exhibiting good flowability at low temperatures as compared with conventional dimeric acid mixtures.
As is known, epoxy resins are cured by admixing the resin with a curing agent to form a curable epoxy resin composition and keeping the composition at room temperature or an elevated temperature. Various types of curing agents are known including the classes of catalytic curing agents and crosslinking curing agents and practically used. It is also known that the properties of the cured epoxy resin largely depend on the types of the curing agents. In this regard, each of the various curing agents has its own merits and demerits.
As a class of the above mentioned crosslinking curing agents for epoxy resins, polyamides derived from a polyamine and a dimeric acid, i.e. a dimer of an aliphatic carboxylic acid, are sometimes utilized advantageously due to the unique properties of the cured epoxy resin. A problem in the use of such a polyamide as a crosslinking curing agent of an epoxy resin, however, is that the epoxy resin composition after admixture with the curing agent has a relatively high viscosity with low flowability sometimes to cause inconveniences or decrease in the workability, for example, in resin casting.
Dimeric acid is a dibasic carboxylic acid obtained by the intermolecular addition reaction or dimerization between two molecules of an unsaturated fatty acid and is usually obtained as a mixture of several kinds of different molecular species. For example, commercial products of dimeric acid are each a mixture mainly consisting of one or more of dibasic carboxylic acids having 36 carbon atoms in a molecule in admixture with tribasic carboxylic acids having 54 carbon atoms in a molecule as a major secondary constituent.
Such a dimeric acid as a mixture has unique properties that it has high reactivity, it is a dibasic carboxylic acid having the largest molecular weight among those industrially available, it is strongly hydrophobic by virtue of the large hydrocarbon groups in the molecular structure, polymers derived from a dimeric acid are amorphous and flexible and have good mechanical properties at low temperatures and so on so that dimeric acid mixtures are useful in various applications.
In particular, amidation products of such a dimeric acid mixture without reactivity have characteristics of high tenacity along with elastic flexibility as well as strong adhesive power to various substrate surfaces. In addition, they have good miscibility with other kinds of resins such as those of ink vehicles. Therefore, the amidation products are useful as adhesives, additives in printing inks and coating compositions, sealants and the like. Reactive amidation products of a dimeric acid mixture have usefulness as an additive in epoxy resins used for coating of metals, plastics, masonry materials and the like or used as an adhesive of a two-component type.
A typical known method for the preparation of a dimeric acid mixture is that an unsaturated fatty acid is heated at a temperature of 200.degree. to 250.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst which is usually a montmorillonitic clay to effect dimerization of the acid. In view of enhancement of the velocity of thermal polymerization when the starting unsaturated fatty acid has two trans-double bonds in conjugation, a standard industrial manufacturing process of dimeric acid mixtures has been established by using tall oil fatty acid or soybean oil fatty acid containing a large amount of linoleic acid as the starting material.
The dimeric acid mixture prepared by the above mentioned process, however, contains a relatively large amount of dimeric molecular species having a monocyclic or polycyclic structure, such as those expressed by the formulas ##STR2## as a consequence of the high content of linoleic acid in the starting material so that the dimeric acid mixture has a high viscosity and high pour point to cause inconveniences in the use thereof. In particular, the amidation product obtained by the condensation reaction thereof with an alkylene diamine compound is defective in respect of the high melting point and high melt viscosity.
It is known in the organic chemistry that a hydrocarbon compound having a cyclic molecular structure generally has a higher melting point and higher melt viscosity than the corresponding compound having the same number of carbon atoms in a molecule but having a non-cyclic or straightly linear molecular structure as a consequence of the steric effect by the cyclic structure. It is reported in Journal of American Oil Chemists' Society, volume 51, page 522 (1974) that, when a mixture of unsaturated fatty acids containing 78% by weight of oleic acid is heated at about 250.degree. C. in the presence of a montmorillonite catalyst to effect dimerization, the dimeric acid mixture obtained contains 40% by weight of non-cyclic dimeric acids with a decrease in the content of cyclic dimeric acids.
The polyamide derived from the dimeric acid mixture described above is still disadvantageous as a curing agent of epoxy resins in respect of the relatively high viscosity of the epoxy resin composition compounded therewith. It is of course a possible way that such a high-viscosity epoxy resin composition is diluted with an organic solvent such as xylene or an alcohol although use of an organic solvent causes problems that the epoxy resin after curing may have a decreased impact strength or poor thermal stability due to the trace amount of the residual organic solvent in addition to the serious problem that organic solvents in general are responsible for heavy environmental pollution. Accordingly, it is eagerly desired to develop a method for curing an epoxy resin with admixture of a curing agent, in which the epoxy resin composition after admixture of the curing agent may have a sufficiently low viscosity even without addition of an organic solvent.

Method for curing an epoxy resin with a polyamide derived from a polyamide and a substantially non-cyclic dimer acid


In a wireless network employing Spatial Division Multiplexing Access (“SDMA”) in at least one of its cells, a method is provided for dynamically allocating transmission resources to different subscriber devices. The method comprises the steps of: providing at least one base station comprising at least one antenna array; providing one or more sectors associated with that wireless communications network; dynamically dividing one or more of the sectors into a plurality of virtual sub-sectors, each allowing communications between the base station and at least one respective subscriber; from among the plurality of the virtual sub-sectors, selecting at least one pair of subscriber devices wherein each of the pair of subscriber devices is not interfered substantially by transmissions directed to the other subscriber of that pair; for each of the divided sectors, generating plurality of time frequency allocation maps; transmitting the generated maps to all virtual sub-sectors associated with the respective sector; and for each of the sectors, beamforming the transmissions to be conveyed to the subscriber devices' pairs, summing them and conveying the summed result towards the array antenna.

In a base station having an adaptive antenna array, when a subscriber device is due to exchange communications with its base station, a beam from the base station is directed towards that subscriber device (referred to herein as "beamforming"), and the received power for that subscriber device is respectively increased, roughly by 10*log 10 (Number of Antennas) relative a non beam formed case. Modern cellular wireless systems typical employ multi-user scheduling in order to improve the overall system throughput. This is done by scheduling transmissions to/from a given user when its channel power peaks, while scheduling-transmissions to/from other users when the channel power of that given user fades. The overall effect is that users are scheduled for transmissions under high signal to noise ratio conditions. Therefore, the additional power increase achievable by adaptive antenna system yields limited improvement in terms of throughput. Furthermore, one other problem characterizing this kind of a solution is the inherent delay associated with the transmissions, because as was explained above, transmissions are exchanged only when there is a peak in the channel power.
The solution that has been proposed to these problems was in the form of working in a Spatial Division Multiplexing Access ("SDMA") type of radio network, where a number of channels are transmitted simultaneously to a number of users, in order to reduce that delay and increase the overall (spectral) efficiency and throughput. Therefore in SDMA radio networks the same time-frequency resources are used multiple times thereby increasing the throughput and spectral efficiency of the network when compared to the case where SDMA is not employed.
Still, this method also suffers from several drawbacks. One of these drawbacks is related to the transmission of a control channel by the base station and its reception by the subscriber stations. All subscribers' devices must be provided with the appropriate information to allow each one of them to know who are the subscriber(s) due to receive transmissions in the next frame. For OFDM or OFDMA based technologies this information is referred to as a "map" and would typically contain time and frequency allocation assigned to the different subscribers. The information contained in the map is required for a number of reasons, for example a subscriber that tries to demodulate a time and frequency allocation beamformed to another user, will typically fail. Moreover, the map cannot be beamformed since all subscribers need to be able to read it. In other words, currently there is no way to beamform or spatial multiplex the maps to allow improving the spectral efficiency of the maps.
Another way to increase spectral efficiency is to increase the number of sectors per site, e.g. have 6 or more sectors per site. However the increase in this case relies on the fact that all sectors must be occupied. However as we add more sectors, some sectors are likely to have little or no traffic, so that in this case spectral efficiency gain would not be achieved in a practical setting. In addition this solution does not increase the peak rate of a user or the peak throughput of a sector, in contrast these two parameters are lower as interference from other sectors is increased.
The Spatial Division Multiplexing Access ("SDMA") technique referred to herein is a technique known in the art, and also used in advanced cellular standards e.g. IEEE Std 802.16e-2005 (WiMax).

Wireless communications in a multi-sector network


A universal mount housing construction for parallel offset gearboxes that includes a generally cubic-shaped cast housing member having an input opening in a first side for receiving a rotational power input, and an output opening in a second side for transmitting a rotational power output through a hollow or solid output shaft. Two plate-shaped housing extensions are integrated into the cast housing member and provide a pair of integrated torque arms. Each of the integrated housing extensions have a machined planar surface oriented perpendicular to the central axis of the output opening, and a through-bore extending through the machined surface. A raised ring surface extends around the output opening and has a machined planar surface which is coplanar with the machined planar surfaces of the integrated housing extensions. The raised ring surface has tapped holes spaced about its circumference for flange mounting. Two parallel raised machined surfaces with tapped holes are formed on the sides of the cast housing member and are oriented parallel to the central axis of the output opening to permit a versatile housing mount arrangement.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to general purpose and industrial power transmission devices and, in particular, to a novel housing construction for gearboxes and gearmotors that allows a wide variety of mounting and torque support configurations.
2. Description of the Related Art
The vast majority of machinery utilizes rotational mechanical energy as a power input to perform a given function. This rotational mechanical energy is generated by a prime mover, such as an electric motor, hydraulic motor, gas engine, or the like, and in most cases is further "conditioned" to the required torque and speed level by using a geared reducer arrangement. The input torque and speed generating device (i.e., the driving device or drive) needs to be adequately supported by the structure or by the foundation of the machinery (i.e., the driven device) to generate the reaction torque necessary for the torque equilibrium.
The housing construction of the drive has to be designed and shaped appropriately to allow an easy attachment to the driven machinery, to secure the alignment of the drive and driven shaft, and to support the drive weight, thereby giving support to generate the required reaction torque. The most common mounting arrangements are mounting feet, flanges, brackets and torque arms. Torque arms are widely used with drive units having hollow bore output shafts where the solid shaft of the driven machinery is inserted into the bore of the driving unit. This type of drive arrangement (also called "shaft mount" gearboxes or gearmotors) secures inherently the alignment of the driven and drive shafts. The driven shaft also supports the weight of the drive. An appropriate torque arm arrangement is required to generate a reaction torque.
Currently, there are two basic types of torque support designs in use for parallel offset hollow shaft gearboxes and gearmotors. The first type is a tie rod type torque arm, which is attached to the gearbox at the one end and to the frame or foundation of the driven device at the other end, as shown in FIG. 1. The other type features an integrated torque arm plate with the housing, which is then connected to the driven machinery by a support bracket, arm, pin or plate, as shown in FIG. 2.
The first type, as shown in FIG. 1, is mainly used in gearboxes having a two piece housing construction. The torque arm (tie rod) is attached to the housing with bolts which hold the two gearbox halves together. The disadvantage of this arrangement is that substantial mounting space is required for the tie rods. Furthermore, it is necessary to use two tie rods with an opposite orientation to allow a torque transmittal in both directions. A long tie rod type torque arm arrangement can be desirable in some applications where the driven machinery has no sufficiently rigid structural part close to the gearbox, or where the accessible foundation is far from the drive.
The second type, as shown in FIG. 2, is more space saving because the integrated torque arm can be easily connected with a short support arm or rib of the driven machinery. This design allows a compact drive attachment and torque support arrangement which can support the torque in both rotational directions. However, due to the shape, orientation and position of the integrated torque arm, a tie rod support is not possible. Accordingly, there is a need for more versatile and compact housing constructions for gearboxes and gearmotors to allow for a wider variety of mounting and torque support configurations.

Universal mount housing construction for parallel offset gearboxes and gearmotors


A display apparatus includes a display main body that displays an image. The display apparatus includes a base plate mounted to an installation surface, a main body bracket that supports the display main body, and a hinge bracket that couples the main body bracket to the base plate so that a side of the main body bracket rotates between a flat position near the installation surface and a rotated position distant from the installation surface. The display apparatus enhances accessibility to a rear side of the display apparatus while it is mounted on the installation surface.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a display apparatus. More particularly, the present invention relates to a display apparatus which is mounted on a wall.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, a display apparatus such as a TV, a computer or the like displays images. Recently, flat display apparatuses, such as PDPs (plasma display panel) or LCDs (liquid crystal display), have become popular, particularly for use as a TV or as a monitor. Moreover, users often desire that the display apparatuses be mounted on a wall. The wall mounted display apparatus is often used with a display main body which is connected to a VCR (video cassette recorder), a computer, a home theater, or the like. It is more convenient to make the connection, or repair the connection, after the display main body is fixed to the wall. Typically, the wall mounted display apparatus is longer than it is wide.
A conventional wall hanging apparatus for a TV is disclosed in Korean Patent Application No. 10-2002-0085489, filed on Dec. 27, 2002, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. The wall hanging apparatus includes an angle control device using an angle fixing pin. The angle control device includes a TV hanging member, a base attached to a wall, and a connecting lever that connects the hanging member with the base. The angle control device includes a plurality of angle control grooves formed in the hanging member and the base, a through hole formed in the connecting lever, an angle fixing pin that penetrates both the angle control grooves and the through hole, and a stopper that prevents the angle fixing pin from being separated therefrom.
The angle fixing pin selectively penetrates one of the angle control grooves. Accordingly, the angle control device can control a mounted angle of a TV with respect to a wall.
In the conventional wall hanging apparatus, however, a connecting terminal part for connecting a display main body with a computer, a home theater or the like, is disposed in a rear and lower part of the display main body adjacent to a wall. Thus, it is difficult to approach the connecting terminal part, which makes it difficult to make connections, repairs, and the like. Accordingly, the display main body must be disassembled to make the connection, and may be damaged during the disassembly process.
Accordingly, there is a need for an improved display main body mounted on a wall that allows access to the rear side of the display main body without disassembly.