A method and system for helping a user efficiently browse an electronic document using data-driven tabs. A datasheet providing technical details of a corresponding user module is scanned for indicators (e.g., embedded anchors), wherein a user module is a pre-configured circuit design operating on a microcontroller. The indicators are for indicating a predetermined location within the datasheet. The datasheet description is read and graphic elements (e.g., tabs) are automatically rendered for each corresponding indicator, wherein a graphic element is rendered according to information within the indicator. Interacting with one of the graphic elements allows a user to jump to a predetermined location within the datasheet. The graphic elements are operable for efficient navigation of the datasheet, allowing for a large datasheet to be easily viewed in a small area of a display.

As computer systems have proliferated throughout society, and network and Internet access continues to expand, users are confronted with an increasing amount of electronic documents. Electronic documents can contain information on any subject, from newspaper articles to television listings. Due to the essentially infinite amount of information available to be included in electronic form, the size of an electronic document can vary greatly.
Some electronic documents are small, only requiring a modest amount of time to read. If a user is looking for a particular section of an electronic document, browsing through the document also requires only a modest amount of time. However, as the length of the document increases, reading and browsing time likewise increases. For documents that are the equivalent of several written pages (e.g., ten or more written pages), reading and browsing can be unwieldy and inefficient.
Unfortunately, for medium to large documents, current browsing techniques do not provide efficient tools for scanning and browsing. Furthermore, if the document is only viewed in a small portion of the screen, due to screen space needs of other applications or portions of the same application, the viewing of medium and large documents is difficult.
One example of a medium or large sized electronic document is a datasheet for use in designing, configuring and programming electronic devices. A datasheet is a document that provides technical details for peripherals used with a microprocessor. Depending on the complexity of the peripheral, a datasheet can vary from tens of pages to thousands of pages.
One conventional technique used in electronic document viewing is the predetermined placing of embedded anchors throughout the document at the beginning of sections of the document. Several document formats, in particular HTML and XML, provide for supplying embedded anchors throughout an electronic document. A listing of the anchors is presented at the beginning of the document. By interacting with one of the anchors, the browsing application scrolls the document to the corresponding anchor. However, if a user desires to go to a second section of the document, the user must either scroll back to the top of the document to where the listing of anchors is located or browse the document manually. Requiring a user to go back to the beginning of a document is time consuming, and can be frustrating. Furthermore, for use in viewing datasheets, this technique can be particularly inefficient. Microcontroller designers typically must read several sections of several datasheets in order to select the optimal peripheral. Requiring a user to scroll to the top of a document several times per document is very ineffective in providing a microcontroller designer with the tools needed to select peripherals.
Another conventional technique used in electronic document viewing is to provide a contents window adjacent to the electronic document. The contents window has links to embedded anchors throughout the electronic document. By interacting with a link, the browsing application scrolls the document to the appropriate anchor. However, a contents window requires a substantial amount of screen space. In a number of applications requiring the use of medium or large electronic documents, screen space is at a premium, and allocating a portion of the screen space for a contents window is undesirable. Particularly, in design tools requiring the viewing of multiple windows, available screen space is at a minimum.

User interface for efficiently browsing an electronic document using data-driven tabs


According to one embodiment, a command processing device includes a frontend part and a backend part. The frontend part is configured to execute a data communication with respect to a host based on a predetermined communication protocol, and accept a request of an execution of first and second commands from the backend part. The backend part is configured to queue commands including the first and second commands, and execute a data communication according to the first command with respect to an attachment device and a data communication according to the second command with respect to the attachment device in parallel.

For instance, the Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI) standard applied to, for example, PCIe-SSD is provided for a host bus adaptor (HBA) based on the Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) protocol. According to AHCI, since the HBA performs serial processing of processing commands one by one, it is inhibited from accepting other commands while a data transfer corresponding to a predetermined command is being performed between the HBA and a device.
Accordingly, even where a plurality of commands are sequentially queued from a host to the HBA independently of data transfer therebetween, as in, for example, Native command Queuing (NCQ), the data transfer between the HBA and the device is performed only using a slot that is activated by, for example, a tag (command) included in a protocol called DMA setup FIS.


There is described a method to change the value of a thermally-trimmable resistor in a non-permanent way by raising the temperature of the thermally-trimmable resistor to a level that is somewhere between room temperature and trimming temperature. By doing this, the trimming range that is available via true thermal trimming may be explored without actually trimming the value of the resistor. This is possible when the thermally-trimmable resistor, or a portion thereof, has an essentially non-zero temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR).

In the case of in-circuit trimming applications, a typical goal is to trim one or more resistors which are part of the circuit to adjust an overall circuit output which depends on those resistances. This circuit output may be any measurable quantity, but is typically translated into a voltage or current to be measured electrically. For simplicity, let us refer to such a circuit output as "Vout". Usually, it is more convenient not to directly measure the resistance values of those trimmable resistors, because this may require extra electrical connections and/or extra measurements. Instead, one understands the relationship between changes in the trimmable resistors (ΔR1, ΔR2, etc), and changes in the circuit output (ΔVout), or at least the relationship between the direction (sign) of each ΔR and the direction (sign) of changes in Vout. In this way, one can apply trims to the trimmable resistors, while monitoring only the intended Vout. This type of scenario applies to any trimming method (manual trimpot, laser trimming, digital trimming, thermal trimming).
Trimming methods exhibit differing properties and constraints of operation. Manual trimpots are fully bidirectional over their entire range of resistance, but require manual operation, may have limited precision, and may be prone to mechanical instability. Digital trimpots also may be fully bidirectional over their entire range of resistance, but are not passive resistors. Laser trimming has a more limited trim range, more limited bi-directionality, and is difficult to do after packaging.
Thermally-trimmable resistors feature electrically-driven trimming, may be done at any practical stage in the manufacturer-to-user chain (including after packaging), and once trimmed, they are purely-passive components. However, they may also have constraints on bi-directionality of trimming. These types of resistors may often be more easily trimmable in one direction than another. For example, certain thermally-trimmable polysilicon resistors may be readily trimmed down (in the direction of decreasing resistance), from its as-manufactured resistance value (Ras-mfr), by tens of percent of Ras-mfr, but after such a trim-down, may have only limited trim-up (recovery) range. Other trimming characteristics are also possible.
In an in-circuit trimming application, limitations to full bi-directionality significantly constrain what can be done, and/or constrain trimming performance (e.g. speed, precision, range). For example, if a single trimmable resistor (any trimming method), is trimmable only in one direction, then one must be more conservative in seeking the Vout target. One must approach more slowly, to make sure that circuit settling times are accounted for, and one must be mindful of the quantization of the resistance trim, since the next trim may jump too far. Another example, if more than one trimmable resistor is used, then the optimal position of one resistor may depend on the position of the other, and vice-versa, but trims must be done sequentially, and so an individual trim of one resistor may reach an interim (non-optimal) target while irreversibly overshooting the optimal target (which may not be known until another resistor (or resistors) has reached its optimal position, or close to its optimal position).
In the specific case of thermal trimming, if one doesn't know the final (optimal) trim target, it may be necessary for the adaptive trim to proceed more slowly, consuming more trimming time.

Thermal pre-scanning of electric circuits using thermally-trimmable resistors


A switched capacitor integrator system includes an input cascoded amplifier circuit; a summing junction; an integrating switched capacitor circuit connected to the output of the input cascoded amplifier circuit and to the summing junction; the integrating switched capacitor circuit including an input switched capacitor circuit responsive to an input and connected to the summing junction; and a correlated double sampling capacitor circuit including an offset capacitor interconnected between the summing junction and the input of the input cascoded amplifier circuit.

High performance system integrated circuits (IC) such as for wireless telecommunications or for internet data communications often need critical circuits including sigma delta analog to digital converters (ADC), filters, integrators, sample-holds, gain stages, delay stages, and so on, all of which contain a switched capacitor integrator circuit. These circuits require high resolution, good linearity and DC offset rejection for applications like temperature monitoring, data acquisition, and voice digitization. The key component of the integrator is its amplifier and the constancy of the summing junction. The performance is limited (1) by amplifier problems with offsets which drift with temperature, (2) by limited amplifier gain, (3) by input signal offsets and range problems, (4) by containing too many or too large components, (5) by containing components which do not track the temperature or supply characteristics of the other components, and (6) by extra components which introduce residual errors such as switch charge injection. Furthermore, on system IC's, in order to save die area and reduce chip size, it is necessary to use a circuit for multiple functions and with multiple inputs. This puts even more of a burden on the amplifier and degrades the integration of the signals.
Prior art uses various implementations of correlated double sampling (CDS) or predictive correlated double sampling (PCDS) to correct the amplifier gain and offset problems: Nagaraj, K. et al. "Reduction of finite gain effect in switched capacitor filters", Electronics Letters, Jul. 1985. Vol. 21, No. 15. p. 644. Williams, L. et al. "A third order sigma delta modulator with extended dynamic range", IEEE JSSC, Vol. 29, No. 3, Mar. 1994, p. 193. Huang, Y., Ferguson, P., Temes, G. "Reduced Nonlinear Distortion in circuits with correlated double sampling", IEEE Trans on circuits and systems II, Vol. 44, No. 7, Jul. 1997, p. 593. Grilo, J., et al. "Predictive correlated double sampling switched cap integrators", Electronics, Circuits, and Systems, 1998 IEEE International conference, Vol. 2, p. 9.
The performance of the amplifier and hence the integrator is determined by how stable (fixed) the summing junction remains when there is a change at the output of the amplifier due to the limited DC gain of the amplifier. CDS with an output holding capacitor keeps the output of the amplifier nearly constant by previously sampling and memorizing the output, thus the summing junction would also remain nearly constant; this is the same effect as if the limited amplifier gain were increased. At the same time, CDS reduces the amplifier offset problem by sampling and memorizing the offset and then later subtracting the offset from the integrated signal.
However, there are various implementation shortcomings of the prior CDS art, particularly when the techniques are implemented in a large system IC containing multiple and different kinds of inputs for a system using low power supplies. The previous solutions either address incorrectly or do not address the architecture of the amplifier which is critical for CDS (including predictive CDS, PCDS) implementation, because it would otherwise degrade the apparent gain of the amplifier through undesired charge sharing on capacitor dividers due to undesirable Miller capacitive effects occurring from the input to the output of the input transistors. This is particularly true now that two stage amplifiers are being used for low-power supply design reasons. Also the prior art does not utilize the additional advantages afforded by CDS through strategic placement of the switches and capacitors, nor do they reduce the number of components nor size of the implementations as much as possible, nor allow better temperature tracking of the components.


A semiconductor device includes a first semiconductor region that has an external profile including at least one corner, and that includes a semiconductor of a first conductivity type, and a first insulation region that surrounds an outer periphery of the first semiconductor region, and that includes an insulator that, at a corner portion corresponding to the corner, has a depth deeper than a depth at a location other than the corner portion. The semiconductor device further includes a second semiconductor region that surrounds an outer periphery of the first insulation region, and that includes a semiconductor of a second conductivity type, and a second insulation region that surrounds an outer periphery of the second semiconductor region, and that includes an insulator that is deeper than the depth of the first insulation region at the location other than the corner portion.

Semiconductor devices are susceptible to damage, malfunction, and the like caused by electrostatic discharge (ESD). Semiconductor devices with an electrostatic discharge protection function have therefore been proposed.
For example, ESD protection semiconductor devices with a diode structure including a p-type region and an n-type region have been proposed. ESD protection semiconductor devices with a thyristor structure including vertical NPN transistors and lateral PNP transistors have also been proposed. ESD protection semiconductor devices with an n-type Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) transistor structure have also been proposed.

Semiconductor device and integrated circuit


Methods, systems and devices are provided for controlling a speech recognition process on a computing device. A computing device may receive audio signals from a microphone and muscle movement signals from a muscle movement detector, such as an electromyography sensor. The computing device may determine whether the audio signals satisfy an audio characteristic criterion indicative of speech and whether the head muscle activity signals satisfy a muscle movement criterion indicative of the user speaking. The computing device may perform voice recognition processing on the audio signals through a voice recognition algorithm in response to determining that both the audio signals and the head muscle activity signals satisfy their respective criterion indicative of the user speaking, and not perform voice recognition processing of audio signals while either audio signals or head muscle activity signals do not satisfy their respective criterion indicative of the user speaking.

Research shows that the number of wearable computing devices available for consumers will increase fivefold over the next four years. The user input for wearable computing devices will be a key determining factor as to the success of certain wearable computing devices. One such user input method for a wearable computing device includes voice recognition. Voice recognition algorithms decipher a user's speech to determine the command intended by the user.

Controlling a speech recognition process of a computing device


Methods and structures for performing field flawscan to reduce manufacturing costs of a dynamic mapped storage device. In a dynamic mapped storage device in which all user supplied logical blocks are dynamically mapped by the storage device controller to physical disk blocks, features and aspects hereof permit flawscan testing of a storage device to be completed substantially concurrently with processing write requests for its intended application. A fraction of the storage device may be certified by an initial flawscan performed during manufacturing testing. Statistical sampling sufficient to assure a high probability of achieving specified capacity may be performed to reduce manufacturing time and costs in testing. Final flawscan of the remainder of the storage locations may be performed substantially concurrently with processing of write requests after the device is installed for its intended application. Mapping features and aspects hereof allow the storage device controller to perform flawscan and write operations concurrently.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to mass storage device control structures and methods in a dynamically mapped mass storage device and more specifically to structures and methods within the controller of a dynamically mapped mass storage device, such as a disk drive, operable to perform field flawscan of the storage device.
2. Discussion of Related Art
A common example of a mass storage device is a disk drive having one or more rotating recordable media surfaces each with a corresponding read/write head for writing information thereon and for reading back previously written information. As used herein, "disk drive" is intended to represent such devices with rotating storage media and corresponding read/write heads as well as other similar, exemplary mass storage devices. Further, "recordable media", "recordable media surface" and "persistent media" are all intended as synonymous and represent one or more media surfaces on which this information may be recorded and read back—typically using optical or magnetic encoding and modulation techniques and structures.
It is generally known in the disk drive arts that fixed sized units of data are physically stored about the circumference of concentric tracks laid out on a magnetic or optical persistent storage medium. These fixed size units of data are often referred to as "blocks" or "sectors". A particular block or sector physically located on the rotating storage medium may be identified by its cylinder or track number and its sector or block number within that track. In addition, where a disk drive includes multiple storage media services each with an independent R/W head, a particular head or surface number may identify the surface on which a particular physical block or sector is located. Such physical addresses are often referred to as "CHS" (an acronym for cylinder, head, and sector).
Most present-day disk drives permit a logical block address to be utilized by the host system or device rather than a specific CHS designation to identify a particular block or sector to be accessed. Such a logical address is typically a sequential range of logical block numbers from zero through N where N is the maximum number of physical sectors or blocks available on the disk drive storage media. The host may therefore address or identify a particular physical block by its logical block address ("LBA") rather than by the more complex and cumbersome CHS designation. The disk drive (specifically a disk drive controller component of the disk drive) then translates or maps a provided logical block address (LBA) into a corresponding physical location (typically, a CHS address designation). Further, such logical addressing permits the disk drive controller to transparently redirect access for a particular physical block to an alternate or spare physical block where the original physical block has been damaged or is otherwise inaccessible. The disk drive controller merely translates the supplied LBA to a different physical block of the disk storage media.
As presently practiced in the art, physical sectors or blocks on the disk drive are all the same size as measured in number of bytes. For example, present disk drives often utilize a block or sector size of either 512 or 1024 bytes. The particular physical block or sector size may be any suitable size selected for a particular disk drive application in accordance with performance and storage capacity design choice tradeoffs. However, as presently known in the art, physical sectors on a disk drive are all a common, designated size. The logical blocks utilized by a host device in addressing storage of the disk drive are also a fixed size. Though the fixed size of a logical block may be different than the fixed size of the physical disk blocks, as presently practiced a simple arithmetic computation may be used because the physical block size and logical block size are typically integral multiples/fractions of one another. In other words, as presently practiced, a logical block size is typically an integral multiple of the physical block or sector size. Such a strict arithmetic relationship between the logical block size and physical block size precludes a number of possible features and enhancements within a disk drive.
The Parent discloses methods and structures for a dynamically mapped storage device in which mapping structures and methods hide the user from any knowledge of the actual location of user supplied data by dynamically mapping user supplied logical blocks to physical disk blocks wherein the size of a user supplied logical block is independent of the size of the one or more corresponding physical disk blocks used to store the user supplied logical block. Typically the logical block size is fixed while the physical disk block size may vary since the mapping is completely localized within the storage device.
Thus the Parent provides improved logical to physical mapping for blocks of data within a disk drive of such that the logical block size defined by an attached host system may be independent of the physical block size used within the disk drive for storage of information.
In typical present day disk drives, the manufacturer performs a flawscan at time of manufacture to identify flaws on the recordable media surfaces of the drive. All recordable media tend to have some fraction of media that is marginal or out of specified tolerances with respect to its recording characteristics. In particular, magnetic recordable media tend to have areas in which the media is outside of specified ranges for recording magnetic flux changes representing recorded data. To assure that the manufactured disk drive has sufficient usable storage media space for its specified capacity the manufacturer tests the disk drive by writing and reading back every physical location on the recordable media surfaces. This process, typically referred to as a "flawscan", can be very time consuming often involving hours of test time for each disk drive. Such a time consuming process is inherently a costly bottleneck in the manufacturing process. To maintain desired productivity goals in the manufacturing process, manufacturers often invest significant capital to use a large number of flawscan systems to thereby maintain desired throughput goals for manufacturing and testing valid, certified disk drives.
It remains an ongoing problem in all storage devices to maintain desired quality standards for the manufactured disk drives while reducing the time and costs associated with flawscan processing of manufactured disk drives.

Methods and structure for field flawscan in a dynamically mapped mass storage device


An ultrasonic diagnosis system includes an ultrasonic probe, which has an array of plural ultrasonic transducer elements, for transmitting an ultrasonic wave to an object, and for receiving an echo signal thereof to output a detection signal. A testing unit sets a testing mode, and operates in test operation of the plural ultrasonic transducer elements while the testing mode is set, so as to acquire a testing detection signal. There is a display panel. A display control unit controls the display panel to display information of the testing detection signal obtained for each of the ultrasonic transducer elements. Furthermore, the testing unit, when in a first inspection, drives the ultrasonic transducer elements together to obtain the testing detection signal, and when in a second inspection, drives the ultrasonic transducer elements by at least one element to obtain the testing detection signal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an ultrasonic diagnosis system and testing method. More particularly, the present invention relates to an ultrasonic diagnosis system in which operation of an ultrasonic transducer array can be tested correctly and efficiently, and testing method for the same.
2. Description Related to the Prior Art
In the field of medical techniques, imaging of an ultrasonic image has been widely utilized for diagnosis. An ultrasonic probe includes ultrasonic transducer elements for oscillation arranged regularly. An ultrasonic wave is emitted to an object or body surface of a human body. Then the ultrasonic transducer elements receive an echo signal from the object or body surface, and generate a detection signal. A processor electrically processes the detection signal to output the ultrasonic image.
Various types of ultrasonic imaging are known. In a mechanical scanning type, the ultrasonic transducer elements mechanically rotate, swing or slide. Also, an electronic scanning type has an ultrasonic transducer array in which the ultrasonic transducer elements are arranged on one line, and has an electronic switch to change over the ultrasonic transducer elements to be driven selectively. The ultrasonic wave is applied to the object or body surface for scanning to obtain the ultrasonic image of ultrasonic tomography which is referred to as a B scan image (brightness scan image).
If failure occurs in normal operation of the ultrasonic transducer elements due to breakage with disconnection of wiring, wrong wiring or short-circuiting, image quality of the ultrasonic image is lowered to make diagnosis incorrect. JP-A 61-131732 discloses an ultrasonic diagnosis apparatus in which computer programs are stored in a memory. Those programs are used to control a switching unit, a pulser, a receiver and other element for transmission and reception, the switching unit switching transmission and reception of the ultrasonic wave of the ultrasonic transducer elements, the pulser generating an excitation pulse and sending it to the ultrasonic transducer elements to emit the ultrasonic wave, the receiver receiving a detection signal from the ultrasonic transducer elements. The programs are started up by operation of a user such as a physician to diagnose a patient.
A new conception of higher image quality of the ultrasonic image has arisen in the ultrasonic probe including the ultrasonic transducer array. The total number of the ultrasonic transducer elements used in the ultrasonic probe is increasing so as to raise the number of the lines or channels for the ultrasonic image. However, no suggestion of indicating the testing result is disclosed in JP-A 61-131732. It is likely to take considerable time in order to complete full test of the ultrasonic diagnosis apparatus. No known technique suggests a test of imaging with the ultrasonic transducer array at a higher efficiency and in a short time.

Ultrasonic diagnosis system and testing method


In a method for automatically testing a service via a programming interface of the service includes, a set of operation descriptions describing a set of operations supported by the service is obtained. The set of operation descriptions includes respective descriptions of requests associated with respective operations in the set of operations and responses expected in response to the requests. Based on the set of operation descriptions, dependencies among the requests associated with the respective operations are determined, and a set of test request sequences that satisfy the determined dependencies is generated. Test request sequences in the set of test request sequences are executed to test the service via the programming interface of the service.

Services, such as Web Service applications or other application, have become popular for hosting software applications, for providing platforms for data storage and analysis, for providing infrastructure applications, and the like. Such services are often hosted in the cloud and may be accessible and/or programmable via service interfaces, such as application programming interfaces (APIs), which may, for example, conform to a representational state transfer (REST) protocol (e.g., RESTful APIs). An interface of a service may be described by a computer-readable specification associated with the service. Such specification may generally describe requests supported by the service and responses that may expected from the service. Recently, standardized formats for describing application interfaces have been developed. For example, Swagger (or "OpenAPI") is a standardized format commonly utilized for describing a RESTful API.
Testing of such services, for uncovering bugs, finding security vulnerabilities and the like, may be an important for providing functional and reliable services. Automatic testing tools currently used for testing such services typically capture live API traffic, e.g., traffic between a third party application and a service, and may then parse, fuzz and replay the traffic in an effort to find bugs and/or security vulnerabilities in the service. Such tools, however, are not systematic and may not be effective.

Automatic intelligent cloud service testing tool


A banknote handling apparatus includes: a plurality of storing units 52 configured to store a banknote; a transport unit 18 configured to transport the banknote having been put into a machine body 2 to each of the storing units 52; a recognition unit 40 disposed at the transport unit 18 and configured to read out a serial number of the banknote having been put into the machine body 2; and a control unit 70 configured to control the transport unit 18. The control unit 70 controls the transport unit 18 such that the banknote whose serial number has been read out by the recognition unit 40 and the banknote whose serial number has not been read out by the recognition unit 40 are stored into different storing units 52.

As a banknote handling apparatus for handling banknotes, various type ones have been conventionally known. For example, JP2002-203264A discloses a banknote depositing machine to be installed in a bank lobby and so on. In the banknote depositing machine disclosed in JP2002-203264A, when a plurality of banknotes of various denominations are deposited, banknotes having been put into a banknote inlet unit are fed, one by one, to a transport unit in a machine body, the banknotes are recognized by a recognition unit disposed at the transport unit, and, based on the recognition result, the banknotes are stored for each denomination into a plurality of storing units. In the banknote depositing machine disclosed in JP2002-203264A, a banknote having been recognized as a fit note by the recognition unit and a banknote having been recognized as an unfit note by the recognition unit are stored into the different storing units.
In a banknote handling apparatus configured to perform a banknote depositing and dispensing process, there is a case in which, after a banknote has been stored into a storing unit in a machine body by a depositing process, the banknote having been stored into the storing unit is used as a banknote to be loaded into an ATM or as a banknote to be dispensed to a customer in a bank counter. At this time, when only a banknote whose serial number, which is unique information for specifying an individual banknote, is to be used as a banknote to be loaded into an ATM or as a banknote to be dispensed to a customer in a bank counter, the conventional banknote handling apparatus has a problem in that it cannot directly use the banknote stored in the storing unit, as a banknote to be loaded into an ATM or as a banknote to be dispensed to a customer in a bank counter. This is because, in the conventional banknote handling apparatus, a banknote whose serial number has been read out by the recognition unit and a banknote whose serial number has not been recognized by the recognition unit are stored in a mixed state in the storing unit.

Banknote handling apparatus and banknote handling method


An orthopedic device includes a frame, a brace component, and a suspension element supporting the brace component and connecting the brace component to the frame. The suspension element is suspended relative to the frame and capable of independent movement relative thereto in a controlled manner.

Suspension systems are known in the art of orthopedic devices for supporting a mechanism, shell, strap or other component on the user's body. Known suspension systems have symmetric properties, such that they are elastic or inelastic uniformly in different directions, such as vertical and horizontal. As muscle tissue does not expand or contract uniformly or symmetrically, either during rest or movement, these suspension systems offer imperfect solutions for suspending brace components on the human body. Limbs are not of uniform dimensions and may form a variety of asymmetrical shapes.
The human thigh comprises quadriceps muscles, including the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius, that flex in different directions as the leg is moved, creating an asymmetric profile in flexion as compared to extension. Similar asymmetries are also observed in the lower leg, arms, shoulders, and other body parts. Components of an orthopedic device arranged statically over the thigh may apply pressure, padding, or other features to the leg asymmetrically during use, leading to sub-optimal bracing. A brace component may rather need to maintain its location at particular height of a body part but may need the ability to translate laterally along the height as the profile of the body part changes for best functionality.
Known suspension systems, such as straps or pads, seek to provide sufficient strength but consequently offer poor breathability. It follows that, to the contrary, if the suspension system is too breathable, it may not have sufficient strength to support the brace components. Often, to balance strength and breathability, suspension systems are bulky, uncomfortable, costly, and may limit mobility for users wearing the orthopedic device.
Suspension systems typically function only to support a brace component, and overlie on the user's body, serving as a buffer and carrier between the brace component and the user. The suspension systems do not interact or functionally operate with the brace component, adding to bulk and additional components, while missing an opportunity to offer better support of the brace component on the body.
Certain existing suspension systems have limited adaptability and freedom to cooperate with the user, being too rigid or too limited in degrees of freedom. Certain suspension systems are bound to the frame of an orthopedic device and are limited in motion and adjustability by the position of the frame.
Therefore there is a need for a suspension system that can better adapt to muscle tissue movement and the shape of a limb when worn with an orthopedic device. The suspension system must balance strength and breathability, and offer the ability to functionally operate with the brace component, the frame of the orthopedic device, or other brace components.

Orthopedic device having a suspension element


A TM mode dielectric resonator and a filter comprising such a resonator. The resonator includes metallic walls defining a cavity. A dielectric resonator body is accommodated within the cavity. An end surface of the dielectric resonator body is located in the vicinity of one cavity wall, so as to provide a spacing between said end surface and said cavity wall, at least in a region corresponding to a portion of said end surface. The spacing can be obtained by washers, arranged between the dielectric resonator body and said cavity wall. It can also be obtained by means of a recess in said cavity wall, one or more protrusions on said cavity wall, or a metallic or dielectric ring arranged between the dielectric resonator body and said cavity wall.

Applications of dielectric resonators in filter design have become more and more popular due to impressive advantages, such as small size, low weight, low loss (high Q), and common commercial availability. Dielectric resonators employed in filters could be utilized in a variety of modes, such as TE, TM, and HEM (hybrid electromagnetic) modes. Filters using resonators employing dual hybrid mode exhibit a symmetric bandpass response. Such resonators are mainly used in satellite communications. However, in applications where an asymmetric bandpass response is desired, such as mobile telephone communication, hybrid mode resonators are difficult to implement. Multi mode resonators having specific geometric forms are often complicated to manufacture. Due to drawbacks with hybrid dual mode and the low Q in conventional TM mode structure, the TE.sub.010 mode have been extensively used in most of the high Q dielectrically loaded filters.
Accordingly, TE mode dielectric resonators are frequently used in mobile telephone communication systems. Because a TE.sub.010 mode dielectric resonator body needs to be placed symmetrically in the center of the cavity, in order to obtain highest possible Q, a temperature stable and low loss mount to support the resonator is required. The selection of material and design of this support is critical to the performance of the filter and becomes a significant feature in the manufacture of the product. A dielectric resonator with such a support is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5 612 655.
Tuning of the resonance frequency is provided by a tuning screw extending through the top cover. Because of strong magnetic field intensity in the center, a big metallic disk is typically soldered to the end of the screw. Due to limited tuning range, and following the demand for center symmetric mounting, the required coarse frequency modification of the resonator is mostly done by reducing the radius dimension by grinding. The above operations are costly and time consuming in the manufacture of the resonator.
A resonator of this kind is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4 963 841. In this resonator the support has been replaced by a substrate in order to decrease vibration sensitivity. Through the selection of a substrate having a dielectric constant substantially greater than that of air, the dielectric resonator can be bonded to tho substrate, which in turn is bonded to a surface of the cavity, whereas the resonator is electrically centered in the cavity.
In filter application, coupling between TE.sub.010 mode cavities is provided through an iris, and the adjustment is accomplished by a coupling adjusting means (a screw, wire or the like) placed tangential to the electric field. In this case (TE mode), a coupling adjusting means extends horizontally in the plane of the iris, which is difficult to implement and makes it difficult to access. When implementing a TE mode broadband filter, problems will arise with the adjacent TM mode since this mode couples strongly via the used apertures. This can easily lead to spurious response with adjacent TM modes.
Furthermore, due to the fact that the material of the support is d dielectric material, it is very poor in conducting heat. Thus, in high power applications, the temperature of the dielectric resonator can be very high, which may cause serious problems.
In conventional TM mode design, a dielectric resonator is placed on a substrate. The substrate can be placed on the base of a cavity. This offers significant size reduction, but poor unloaded Q (Q.sub.u) compared to TE.sub.010 mode (Q.sub.u =5000 for TM.sub.010 and Q.sub.u =13000 for TE.sub.010 at 1,9 GHz and .epsilon.=30 to 40).
However, in filter applications, the use of TM mode resonators is preferable for a number of reasons, such as good coupling between TM modes through apertures, easy tuning and a good spurious response (attenuation of unwanted modes). For example, the coupling adjusting means, discussed above in connection with TE mode filters, can in TM mode filters be axially mounted, which is easily made in the lid of the filter unit.
U.S. Pat. No. 4 613 838 discloses a dielectric resonator employing a TM mode. It includes a cavity resonator and a columnar inner dielectric member accommodated within the cavity. The dielectric member is in contact at its both ends with inner electrode surfaces of the cavity. This document is regarded to disclose the prior art closest to the invention, since a dielectric resonator employing a TM mode is disclosed.

Dielectric TM mode resonator for RF filters


An assembly for attenuating electromagnetic radiation emitted from portable electronic devices is provided which includes a tray having a base with upright sides, the sides and base provided with electromagnetic radiation shielding, a cushion disposed within the base, and a slip resistant member affixed to the under side of the base.

1. Field of the invention
The invention relates to providing some protection to the users of portable computer video games from the electro-magnetic radiation emitted therefrom and to provide a comfortable resting place when in use.
2. Description of the prior art
Lap-top Computer Operators Protective Device by Joseph M. Katz Patents No. 5,336,848 Aug. 9, 1994 and No. 5,134,245 Jul. 28, 1992.
3. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/010,691, Filing Date Jan. 26, 1996, with Foreign Filing License Granted Mar. 19, 1996, Title "PORTABLE VIDEO PROTECTIVE DEVICE", respectfully requested to be used for the filing date of this patent application.

Assembly for attenuating electromagnetic radiation emitted from portable electronic devices


A computer system may include one or more modules coupled to a backplane in a housing. A module support structure may allow cooling air to flow upwardly across the modules. In one embodiment, a power section of the module may be located downstream of a data section of the module. In another embodiment, offset brackets may hold a circuit board of a module at an offset relative to a pair of guides in a module support structure. In another embodiment, a heat sink may be coupled between heat producing components on a pair of adjacent modules. In another embodiment, a converter apparatus may support a plurality of modules in a different number of slots in a system. In another embodiment, a heat sink on a module may include a pair of heat pipes arranged such that the heat pipes diverge from one another toward the condenser ends of the heat pipes.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally electronic equipment, such as computers, and, more particularly, to apparatus and methods for mounting and cooling circuit boards in racks.
2. Background Information
Computer systems often require high reliability and high capacity of operation. Various approaches have been taken to providing such high-performance, high reliability systems. For example, many computer systems include redundant resources so that if one component of the system develops a fault, the computer system remains operational using the redundant resources.
High density systems are typically rack mountable, with one or more processor modules occupying a prescribed space (e.g., a vertical slot) in the rack. A trend in recent times is to make the computers with smaller form factors. This means that more processors can be located in a rack. This has the advantage of increasing the processing density within the racks, and also the advantage of reducing the distance between the computer systems.
Components of computer systems may generate substantial amounts of heat during operation. Higher operating temperatures in electronic components are associated with decreased reliability of the components. To address this issue, some systems include fans or blowers to force air over the heat-generating components to cool the components. Because the cooling air is heated by the components as it passes over them, the cooling air temperature is warmer when it passes over downstream components (e.g., components near an air outlet in a enclosure) than when the cooling air passes over upstream components (e.g., components near an air inlet in a enclosure). Cooling effectiveness for the downstream components in a system may therefore be reduced.
Many standards have been produced for computer systems and their components. One such standard is the PICMG (PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group) 3.0 specification for advanced telecommunications computing architecture (ATCA). Standards such as PICMG 3.0 may specify physical dimensions or arrangement of elements in a system (e.g., a location, size, or envelope of a circuit board in a rack-mounted system). For example, limits may be placed on a location and "footprint" of a circuit board on a backplane. A standard may also set a limit on the number of node slots in a rack of a given size. For example, in a typical PICMG 3.0 system, a chassis may provide 16 node slots.
It would be desirable to have computer systems that provide more effective cooling of components. It would further be desirable to have computer systems with increased component (e.g., processor) density. It would be further desirable that components of such systems be compatible with industry standards such as PICMG 3.0.

System for mounting and cooling circuit boards


The present invention provides pulsed lasers which employ carbon nanotubes, particularly layers of carbon nanotubes, as saturable absorbers, mode lockers or for Q-switching elements. The present invention also provides methods and materials for mode-locking and Q-switching of lasers in which carbon nanotubes are employed as non-linear optical materials and/or saturable absorbers which facilitate mode-locking and/or Q-switching. The invention further provides mode locker and Q-switching elements or devices which comprise one or more layers containing carbon nanotubes which layer or layers function for mode locking and/or Q-switching.

Optical pulse lasers have great potential for applications in various fields, such as optical communications, optical signal processing, laser surgery, biomedicine, optical diagnostics, two-photon microscopy, optical probing, optical reflectometry, material processing, etc. There are two main classes of optical pulse lasers, namely mode-locked lasers and Q-switched lasers. Mode-locked lasers can produce ultra-short optical pulses at high repetition rates, whereas Q-switched lasers are generally used for generating high-energy pulses at relatively low repetition rates.
As is known in the art, a mode-locked laser has multiple longitudinal modes that oscillate simultaneously with their relative phases locked to each other at fixed relationship generating uniformly spaced pulses. The longitudinal modes are defined by the effective path length of the laser resonator. In order to achieve mode locking, a mode-locking mechanism is required to synchronize the phases of the lasing modes so that the phase differences between all lasing modes remain constant. These optically phase-locked modes then interfere with each other to form optical pulses. Two broad classes of mode-locking schemes, active mode locking, and passive mode locking, are typically used and various methods and devices are known in the art for implementing such mode-locking schemes. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,978,429; 4,019,156; 4,435,809; 4,665,524; 5,764,679; 5,802,084; and 5,812,308 provide examples of mode-locked lasers.
Active mode-locking schemes employ an intensity or phase modulator in the laser cavity operating at frequencies equal to the fundamental cavity frequency, or at an integer multiple or a rational multiple of the fundamental cavity frequency. An example of active mode locking is provided in U.S. Pat. No. 4,019,156.
In contrast, passive mode-locking schemes use at least one nonlinear optical element or device in the lasing cavity, or within a cavity external, but optically coupled, to the lasing cavity, that possess an intensity-dependent response to favor optical pulse formation over continuous-wave lasing. A passively mode-locked laser requires at least one nonlinear optical element as a mode-locker. A nonlinear optical element could possess properties such as amplitude nonlinearity (absorption as a nonlinear function of input optical intensity), Kerr-type (phase or refractive index as a nonlinear function of input optical intensity) nonlinearity, or a combination of both to facilitate mode locking. Amplitude nonlinearity could be provided by device such as a saturable absorber with a fast recovery lifetime in the order of picoseconds, such as the MQW semiconductor (amongst all available saturable absorbers, there are few which possess a fast response in the picosecond regime). Alternatively, Kerr-type nonlinearity, such as those implemented in the interferometric pulse addition method [see for example, Mark, 1989, or Ippen, 1989] and the Kerr-lens method (Kerr-focusing, self-focusing) [see for example, Spence, 1991, or Brabec 1992], could be used to provide an ultra-fast laser mode-locking mechanism. Although not a saturable absorber, the non-linear optical properties such as the Kerr effect, give an artificial "saturable absorber" effect, which has a response time much faster than any intrinsic saturable absorber.
A saturable absorber is a material that displays a change in its optical transparency dependent on the incident optical intensity in a specific operating wavelength region. In a linear regime, where the incident optical intensity is weak, the saturable absorber absorbs the incident light, resulting in attenuation of the optical intensity of the incident light. When the incident optical intensity is raised to a higher level, saturation of absorption occurs and absorption by the saturable absorber decreases, resulting in a decrease in attenuation of the optical intensity of the incident light. This kind of intensity-dependent attenuation allows the high intensity components of the pulse to pass through but not the low intensity components, such as the pulse wings, pedestals and background cw radiation. When a saturable absorber is placed in a lasing cavity, it will favor pulsing modes over cw modes. However, not all saturable absorbers are suitable for ultra-short-pulse mode-locking application. The important properties of a laser mode-locker are the saturation fluence, recovery time, and nonlinear/linear-absorption ratio. The saturation fluence will affect laser operating power level, which is limited by the device damage threshold. The recovery time limits the shortest achievable pulse width and the laser operating regime. For a given saturable fluence and recovery time, the laser could operate in one of four different operating regimes: cw lasing (without pulsing), Q-switching, Q-switched mode-locking, and cw mode-locking. A fast device recovery time, in picosecond and sub-picosecond regimes, is required for ultra-short pulse generation, whilst a slow recovery time, in the nanosecond regime, could give raise to Q-switching modes. However, a slow recovery time is also essential for self-starting of a mode-locked laser. Therefore, a mode locker, is a type-of saturable absorber that exhibits additional properties beneficial for functioning to mode lock a laser. A mode locker material, which is the functional material in a mode-locker element or device useful in laser configuration herein, should preferably possess both a fast and a slow recovery time in order to be used effectively in a pulsed laser operating in the picosecond and sub-picosecond regimes. There are many materials possessing nonlinear properties (such as saturable absorption) that do not possess the properties of a mode-locker. The CNT materials including layers containing SWNTs, or a combination of SWNTs and MWNTs exhibit mode-locker properties.
Passive mode-locked lasers are exemplified in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,978,429 and 4,435,809. Hybrid mode-locked lasers which combine active and passive mode locking mechanisms are also known. An example of hybrid mode-locked laser is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,019,156.
Q-switching and self-starting (initiate pulsing) of lasers also employ non-linear optical materials and/or saturable absorbers. Passive Q-switched lasers are exemplified in: U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,191,931; 5,119,382; and 5,408,480.
The most commonly known saturable absorbers for laser mode-locking and Q-switching are materials such as an organic dye medium [see for example, Ippen, 1976] or a multi-quantum well (MQW) semiconductor device [see for example, Chemla, 1986, or Keller, 1992].
Organic materials such as dyes can exhibit a broadband absorption response over hundreds of nanometers. However, the use of dyes in laser configurations requires the use of mechanical elements such as nozzles, which are bulky and subject to mechanical malfunction and are not easily integrable with solid state lasers. At longer wavelength in the infrared region, particular at the telecom wavelength of 1550 nm, the available dye media are easily damaged by visible light, making it more difficult to handle such materials.
MQW (multiple quantum well)semiconductor devices require complex and costly fabrication systems, such as MOCVD (metal organic chemical vapor deposition) or MOVPE (metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy, and may require additional substrate removal process. Furthermore, high-energy (4 MeV˜12 MeV), heavy-ion implantation is required to reduce the device recovery time (typically a few nanoseconds) to a few picosecond for laser mode-locking. The MQW saturable absorber can only be used in reflection mode, therefore requiring inclusion of an optical circulator, which increases the total device insertion loss. Additionally, MQW-based devices may require expensive hermetic packaging for long-tern environmental stability, and may not withstand high optical input powers. So far, no alternative material useful as a saturable absorber at 1550 nm has been found to challenge MQW-based saturable absorbers.
Thus, there is a need in the art for materials that exhibit non-linear optical properties and materials which function as saturable absorbers for use in laser and other optical device applications. This invention relates to the use of new saturable absorber materials, carbon nanotubes, and particularly single walled carbon nanotubes, for use in laser applications.
It has recently been reported that single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) exhibit saturable absorption [Y.-C. Chen, et al., 2002a and Y. Sakakibara, et al., 2003], and the potential application for such material as optical switches was proposed [Y.-C. Chen, et al., 2002a ; Y.-C. Chen, et al., 2002b; and Y. Sakakibara, et al., 2003]. International application WO03/034142 reports the saturable absorption properties of SWNTs and certain optical devices that include SWNTs. The Z-scan measurement technique which was used in the studies presented does not measure device response time. In separate studies, the recovery time of a thin layer containing SWNTs was measured to be <1 ps using pump-probe experiments [Y.-C. Chen, et al., 2002 a; Y.-C. Chen, et al., 2002b; and S. Tatsuura, et al., 2003]. Recently, a SWNT-based saturable absorber called "Saturable Absorber Incorporating NanoTube" (SAINT) was reported for use in optical noise suppression of ultrafast optical pulses in the picosecond regime [S. Y. Set, et al., 2003a].
Certain aspects of this invention have been reported. A passively mode-locked fiber laser using SAINT as a mode-locker was reported [S. Y. Set, et al. 2003b]. A Q-switched laser using SAINT as a Q-switch was reported [S. Y. Set, et al. 2003c].


A system for updating a wireless application is provided. The system has a network service area that uses multiple networks to provide wireless coverage. An application server couples to one of the networks, and is used to communicate with local applications that operate on wireless devices within the network service area. These wireless devices also operate standard lower-level process that provide for basic connectivity and information transfer, with these lower-level process providing a network identification value. The local application monitors this network identification value, and when it changes, generates an alert that is transmitted to the application server. The alert may include information regarding the new network, therefore the application server is updated to know what network the wireless device is operating on.

Wireless communication devices are widely used, and have become an essential aspect of modern life. Wireless communication devices such as pagers, mobile phones, text pagers, PDA's (personal data assistants) are used for work, for personal activities, and as a way to keep in contact with family and friends. These wireless device are increasingly available in cars, boats, appliances, and entertainment equipment. As the number and type of these wireless devices increase, application developers continue to provide exciting and innovative applications to make the wireless devices easier to use, and to enhance their usefulness. Further, wireless service providers have invested heavily in infrastructure equipment to support higher data rates to wireless devices, and thereby are enabling a wide range of new and exciting applications.
In one more specific application, wireless mobile handsets have been evolving from primarily voice-communication devices to now support high speed data communication. This evolution has enable the typical wireless handset to now download and play audio and video files using multi-media applications, take and transmit digital photos or video, operate schedulers, address books, and other management applications, as well as a wide range of games and entertainment applications. Also, as wireless handsets further include position location systems, these handsets will enable a whole new class of position-location applications.
These wireless handsets most often access a wireless network according to well defined and well established standards. For example, wireless handsets may operate according to the well-defined CDMA, WCDMA, UMTS, CDMA2000, GSM, EDGE, PHS, AMPS, or other standard. More particularly, these standards have matured to allow for seamless movement within a network, as well as between networks, even when the service providers change. More particularly, the telephony functions operating between the handset and the network are consistently applied and used according to well defined processes. In this way, basic voice communication and basic data transmission may be reliably, robustly, and seamlessly provided to the users of wireless handsets.
Unfortunately, at the application level, there is far less consistency in operation, and far less guidance from the standards. Also, many applications are being advanced by developers who are generally unfamiliar with the complexities of the underlying telephony functions. Accordingly, the deployment of applications has been stymied by a lack of standardization, by inconsistent development and interoperability processes, and by a lack of telephony experience in application developers. This leads to applications that under perform or inconsistently operate. To force their applications into having at least some level of consistent operation, some developers have caused their applications to engage in unnecessarily extensive network communication. Since the application developers do not have an elegant process for interfacing with the telephony functions, the application developers find "work-arounds" and "fixes" that allow their applications to operate, but at the expense of high network traffic and wasted processing power at the handset. For example, many applications require that a home application server communicate with the mobile handsets operating the application. If the application server can not locate a particular mobile handset, then the application fails, leading to user dissatisfaction. In another possible, but undesirable solution, the application server could poll the HLR (Home Location Register) or other network resource. By a server-initiated poll, the server may be able to locate the current location of a particular mobile unit. Such a solution, however, generates significant and undesirable network traffic. Even with such a polling process, the server still loses contact with the mobile for a period of time during the polling process. In such a case, a mobile-initiated activity or request may be lost or ignored. Of course, it is fundamental to the wireless handset that it be allowed to move from one network to another network, and such mobility has been routine for years with the basic telephony functions. In this regard, users have an expectation that their applications, too, will seamlessly and reliably operate irrespective of movement across networks. However, since the application is generally unaware of its network configuration, the application will periodically reinitialize itself to force the handset to re-identify the current network. This reinitialization process uses valuable network bandwidth, as well as interferes with local handset operation.

System and method for updating wireless applications


The invention relates to a distributor for a turbomachine radial turbine, comprising an annular grill (26) extending about a central axis (10) and comprising a plurality of variable-pitch blades (31), defining between them an air passage cross section, characterized in that each blade is rotatably mounted about a pivot shaft (32), itself moveable in a translation direction, comprising at least one radial component, such that said blade may, upon actuation of control means (40), be pivoted about the pivot shaft and/or moved in relation to the central axis in said translation direction so as to be able to modify the air passage cross section by respectively controlling the metal angle (α3) and the radial spacing (ΔR).

An air conditioning system conventionally comprises an air bleed device and an air cycle turbomachine comprising at least one compressor and one radial turbine, the compressor being supplied with air by the air bleed device, and the turbine comprising an air outlet supplying the cabin with air at a controlled temperature and flow rate. The system further comprises various heat exchangers, control valves and water extraction loops.
Different solutions are currently proposed to limit the air bleed on propulsion engines of the aircraft, and which in particular consist in providing more electric air conditioning systems.
This transition to electrification of the air conditioning system makes it necessary to optimize the various constituent elements of the system and in particular of the turbine of the air cycle turbomachine.
This turbine should make it possible to ensure a wide range of air flow rates while providing the maximum possible power over the entire operating range.
In particular, the turbine must be able to operate from a maintenance phase of the aircraft on the ground (which corresponds to a low flow rate and a high expansion rate) to a cruising flight phase of the aircraft (which corresponds to a high flow rate and a low expansion rate).
It has already been proposed to provide a turbine having a variable injection cross section. In a known manner, such a turbine comprises a casing, an impeller rotatably movable about a central axis equipped with vanes (also referred to by the term "rotor"), and a distributor arranged on the periphery of the movable impeller and comprising a plurality of blades for guiding the air flow toward the rotor.
There are currently two main solutions making it possible to vary the injection cross section of such a radial turbine.
The first solution consists in modifying the air passage cross section by the axial translational movement of the casing, which makes it possible to increase the height of the air stream for a given profile and blade pitch. This solution has the drawback of that it risks causing a restricted air intake at the impeller inlet, which generates secondary flows at the leading edge of the impeller and thus degrades the performance of the stage. U.S. Pat. No. 2,739,782 describes, for example, a turbine having a variable injection cross section according to this first solution.
The second solution consists in modifying the air passage cross section by pivoting the blades of the distributor of the turbine so that for a given profile and height of the air stream, the angle of the blades of the distributor may be modified. This solution requires the presence of a mechanical clearance at the distributor so as to allow the rotation of the blades, which reduces the efficiency of the stage. In addition, since the range of variation of the desired injection cross section is generally large (for example in the order of 1:4), there is a risk of misalignment of the impeller inlet for extreme openings or closings. There is also a risk of blockage at the impeller inlet. EP0332354 describes, for example, a turbine having a variable injection cross section according to this second solution.
None of the currently known solutions therefore makes it possible to modify the injection cross section over a wide range of flow rates while maintaining a level of performance and reliability which is compatible with the needs of air conditioning systems.
There is therefore a need to have an alternative solution enabling the drawbacks of the known solutions to be overcome.

Distributor for a turbomachine radial turbine, turbomachine comprising such a distributor and air conditioning system comprising such a turbomachine


A humanoid toy that under the influence of gravity will travel down a vertical surface, while tumbling as sticky regions temporarily and in turn stick to the surface in known manner, the toy comprising a body and two pairs of limbs that are hingedly connected to the body. Each limb is formed in two parts that are hingedly connected together intermediate its length.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a toy.
2. Description of Prior Art
The invention relates to a toy which under the influence of gravity will travel down a substantially vertical surface and is provided with sticky material at extremities of its limbs, such a toy is claimed and described in U.K. Patent 2222958.


A printer enables discrimination of the kind of a printing medium and automatically controls whether the medium is to be thermally processed or not by the result of the discrimination, while enabling reversal of the execution or inexecution of the heating process if necessary. A control portion is able to discriminate the kind of a printing paper based on a signal output from a detector and changeover automatically, whether the printing paper is to be thermally processed or not, in moving a diverter from a first position to a second position by controlling a solenoid. A user can reverse the execution or inexecution of a heating process of a printed paper in operating the diverter by the operation of a reverse key provided in a control panel.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a printer having a heating processor which processes a printed medium by heating after characters or patterns are printed on the printing medium by a printing means.
2. Description of the Related Art
An ink jet printer is known which prints characters or patterns on a printing medium with the use of a hot-melt ink, which is a solid at a normal temperature and is melted by heating, and an ink jet printer head. In the case of the ink jet printer, it is possible to print not only on ordinary printing paper but also on a transparent overhead projector film (hereinafter referred to as an OHP film) made of resin to be used for the projection of characters or patterns with an overhead projector. The quantity of jetted ink per dot from an ink jet printer head is very small and its heat capacity is also very small, so that as soon as it sticks on a printing medium it is deprived of heat and hardened. Because of this, the ink is upheaved on the printing surface of a printing medium and the printing surface is rendered uneven. When a printing medium is ordinary printing paper, such unevenness is not a problem. When a printing medium is an OHP film, the convex of ink is very noticeable and the ink is hardened to have a form close to that of a convex lens, which causes a problem as described in the following. An OHP film printed with multicolored inks is often used in an overhead projector and a printed image is projected on a screen being enlarged. When an ink is hardened on the OHP film in a form similar to a convex lens, light is refracted by the ink having a similar form to a convex lens, and distinct colors cannot be projected on a screen. In order to solve such a problem, an image forming method as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,853,706 has been invented. In the invention, an OHP film is thermally processed on which characters or patterns are printed and the inks are hardened. The inks heated to a temperature higher than the melting point are melted on the OHP film and transformed to an approximately flat form from an approximately convex lens shaped form.
For performing a heating process of an OHP film after it is printed with an ink jet printer, a heating processor has to be prepared separately. In this case, if an OHP film output from an ink jet printer is inserted into a heating processor manually, there can be a problem that the OHP film may be inserted upside down into the heating processor, or fingerprints may be left on the OHP film. Therefore, when an OHP film is to be printed, it is desirable to use an ink jet printer having a built-in heating processor. In other words, for an OHP film it is ideal to perform a series of processes, from printing to a heating process, inside an ink jet printer.
An ink jet printer having a built-in heating processor is proposed. In the ink jet printer, printing is performed on an ordinary printing paper and an OHP film
and, as described above, a heating process is necessary for an OHP film and not for ordinary printing paper. In the ink jet printer, there is provided a sensor for determining whether a printing medium is an ordinary printing paper or an OHP film, and whether a heating process is to be performed or not is decided according to the kind of printing medium. Still, there can occur a problem in an ink jet printer in which whether a heating process is necessary or not is decided only by the kind of a printing medium being used. In short, the problem is that a heating process is necessarily performed whenever printing is performed on an OHP film. Thus, in the printing on an OHP film there is a case where a heating process is not needed. When an OHP film is printed with a black ink only, for example, there is no problem in color in the case of projection, so that the heating process is not always needed. Even in a case of color printing on an OHP film, if the printing is a test printing for confirming the printed result, a heating process is not needed. When a heating process is performed, it requires a comparatively long printing time, and also the electric power for a heating process is additionally needed, which raises printing cost. Moreover, printing media are not limited to so simple ones as to be classified into transparent ones and opaque ones. In addition, there are translucent ones such as tracing paper, for example. When the kind of a printing medium is judged by the light transmission of the printing medium, a translucent printing medium as mentioned in the above can be judged as an OHP film, and it can be heat-processed erroneously.

Printer with a selectively operable heating processor


A multi-processor switch includes a main processor, a plurality of co-processors to perform a calling process under the control of the main processor, a detection unit to detect a failure at the main processor, and a determination unit to determine which replacement processor will perform the main processor functions from among the co-processors, based on the operating state of each co-processor when the failure at the main processor is detected by the detection unit. The operating state of each of the co-processor is, for example, the load state imposed on the co-processor or the number of times its operation has been resumed. By selecting a co-processor that has a small load or which has been resumed less frequently, an appropriate, more stable replacement processor can be determined.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a multi-processor switch having one main processor and a plurality of co-processors, and in particular to a method for, when a failure occurs at the main processor, switching the processor performing the main processor functions from the main processor to one of the co-processors.
2. Related Arts
FIG. 14 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a conventional multi-processor switch. Of the plurality of processors included in the multi-processor switch (hereinafter referred to simply as a switch), one processor, the main processor (hereinafter referred to simply as the MPR), determines overall operations performed by the switch and controls co-processors which will be described next, but does not itself perform calling processes. Instead, calling processes are performed by co-processors (hereinafter referred to simply as CPRs) based on the control by MPR. A plurality of CPR (CPR#0, #1, #2, . . . ) are generally provided in order to distribute the load imposed by the need to perform calling processes for many subscriber terminals connected to the switch, or for another switch. A storage device (a hard disk unit (HDU)) is provided for each of MPR and the CPRs.
In FIG. 14, an SP device 101 is a line device for terminating a line connected to a terminal (e.g., a telephone) which transmits an audio signal. A signal device 102 is a line device for terminating a line connected to a terminal (e.g., a facsimile machine) that transmits data which is not accompanied by an audio signal. And a relay device 103 is a line device for terminating a line connected to another switch. These line devices are connected to the MPR and the CPRs via a bus 100.
It is assumed that during the operation of a switch, the MPR will at some time and for some reason malfunction. And since at such a time overall control of all switch operations, including the control provided for the CPRs by the MPR, is lost, all calling operations being processed by the switch would be halted, even though the CPRs performing those operations would still be capable of functioning normally. The result in this case would be the occurrence of a so-called system shutdown, to recover from which an operator must conventionally perform a manual operation using a maintenance terminal 110, as shown in FIG. 14.
In order to avoid a system shutdown, according to one conventional method the MPR functions are assigned to a CPR which is selected in advance, so that should a failure occur at the MPR, the selected CPR will begin to perform the MPR functions.
However, if a CPR is selected in advance to perform the MPR functions when a malfunction occurs at the MPR, the following problem may be encountered.
Avoidance of a system shutdown will not be possible if the selected CPR is also broken down. And if the selected CPR is unstable and tends to be broken down due to a specific reason, a system failure involving the selected CPR can occur when responsibility for the performance of the MPR functions is shifted to it. In addition, when the load imposed on the selected CPR is greater than the loads imposed on the other CPRs, overloading of the selected CPR will occur when it has to perform the MPR functions. This condition will result in the deterioration of the capabilities of the selected CPR and in the instability of the overall operation of the switch.
It is, therefore, one objective of the present invention to provide a multi-processor switch which, when a failure occurs at a main processor, selects an appropriate co-processor and permits it to function as the main processor, and a main processor switching method therefor.
To achieve the above objective, according to the present invention, it is provided a multi-processor switch comprising:
a main processor;
a plurality of co-processors for performing a calling process under the control of the main processor;
a detection unit for detecting a failure at the main processor; and
a determination unit for determining a replacement processor for performing the main processor functions from among the co-processors based on the operating state of each co-processor when the failure at the main processor is detected by the detection unit.
Also, to achieve the above objective, according to the present invention it is provided a main processor switching method for a multi-processor switch including a main processor and a plurality of co-processors for performing calling processes under the control of the main processor, comprising the steps of:
detecting a failure at a main processor;
determining a replacement processor for performing the main processor functions from among the co-processors based on the operating state of the co-processors; and
performing the main processor functions by the replacement processor.
The operating state of each of the co-processors is, for example, the load state imposed on the co-processor or the number of times its operation has been resumed, or a combination of the two. By selecting a co-processor as the replacement processor which has a small load or which has been resumed less frequently, an appropriate, more stable replacement processor can be determined.

Multi-processor switch and main processor switching method


Execution of functions by a non-human being is achieved by providing the non-human being with an I/O interface for receiving information, and permitting the non-human being to execute functions consistent with the abilities of the non-human being. An input/output interface is used to provide the non-human being with sensory information and to accept control information from the non-human being. An input/output processing system converts signals communicated through the input/output interface. An operation control interface is used for controlling the functions executed by the non-human being.

1. Field of the Invention
This subject matter relates to computer control and to the use of a system in which the supervisory expertise is a non-human being, such as a salient being or a biological non-human. More specifically the subject matter relates to any system or combination of systems that use one or more non-human beings to interact with another system providing sensor or action functions in order to permit the non-human being to perform a task.
2. Background of the Invention
In many instances, direct operation is impractical, for example, because of hazard or because of impossibility. In a typical instance, a remote function is performed by a human, using external sensing and control. An example of this is the operation of a remote manipulator, in which a camera and mechanical actuators are used to perform a function, such as pipe inspection or extraction of atomic fuel rods. In this case the supervisory control is executed by the operator in a fairly straightforward fashion.
Other examples of remote sensing include automatic train control (ATC), by which a railroad vehicle responds to signals and predetermined control inputs, such as acceleration, to operate the train. The operator is able to override the controls or to override the controls within limits established by the ATC, but in some circumstances may allow the ATC to control the train without operator intervention.
Supervisory control can be used to describe a direct hands-on function, such as the manipulation of the controls of a vehicle or the use of a computer operator interface. An example is the above-mentioned ATC. The supervisor need not be the supervisor in a military or business sense, and in some cases the supervisory control may be overridden by a controlled individual.
An example of supervisory control by a subordinate is found in the use of tracking dogs. The handler of a tracking dog allows being led, as the handler, by the tracking dog. In this way, the tracking dog executes supervisory control of the team in the sense of execution of the tracking function. If the handler deems a particular area or direction should or should not be investigated, the handler will provide overriding control; yet permit the tracking dog to continue to provide primary supervision of the tracking duty.

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy


The present invention relates to an arrangement for attaching a decorative molding strip to an open keyhole-shaped slotted passage terminating in a lock hole provided in a vehicle body flange upper edge. A T-like fastener, integrally molded of elastomeric material, has a block-shaped head joined to the backside of a molding member by a V-shaped stem. The head inboard surface and the molding backside form layered grooves therebetween on either side of the stem. The head has a base from which project pair of upstanding forked portions separated by a V-shaped compression notch. The notch terminates in a radiused root having upwardly diverging walls disposed at a predetermined acute angle. The stem has upwardly diverging arms from a juncture the interior walls of which define a root profile matching the notch root profile. Upon the flange upper edge being received in the layered grooves an installer applies a downward force on the molding strip whereby the stem is passed through the keyhole slotted passage resiliently compressing the stem arms by virtue of inward flexing action of the head forked portions. The stem is sized for resiliently biased reception in the lock hole providing a pressure frictional snap-in fit positively securing the molding to the body panel.

Various arrangements have heretofore been used for securing decorative molding strips and the like to flange portions of a motor vehicle. One such arrangement is found in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,592,937 issued June 3, 1986 to Nagata et al. entitled Arcuate Side Molding. The '937 patent discloses an automobile body arcuate side molding comprising a resin plate having projections formed on the backside thereof, and an intermediate member provided with slots for receiving the projections of the resin plate. In assembling the resin plate and the intermediate member, the projections are inserted through the slots of the intermediate member, and then the tips of the projection sheet heat caulked to join the intermediate member to the resin plate so that the resin plate is slidable relative to the intermediate member.

Integral molding snap-in attachment fastener


A straightforward single step method for the preparation and/or production of substituted quinazolines is disclosed, wherein said quinazolines preferably contain one substituent at position 4, and may contain other functional groups at various positions, such as 5, 6, 7, and/or 8 of quinazolines. In addition, the extension of this new method leads to the formation of different type of heterocyclic aromatic compounds, that include but are not limited to perimidines, anthrapyrimidin-7-ones (also known as anthrapyrimidinones), anthra[1,9:5,10]dipyrimidines (also known as quinazoline[5,4-ef]perimidines) and benzo[e]-pyrimido[4,5,6-gh]pyrimidines.

Quinazolines, being one type of nitrogenous heterocycles, have been identified with a variety type of biological activities, such as analgesic [1 (Note: bracketed numerals used herein relate to listed references appearing below within the Detailed Description Of Illustrative Embodiments)], antibacterial [2], antibiotic [1(b)], anticonvulsant [1(a),2(b),3], antidepressant [4], anti-inflammatory [1(a), 3, 5], anti-hypertensive [1(b), 3], antimalarial [2(a), 6], antineoplastic [2(a)], antitumoral [1(b), 7] as well as diuretic [1(b), 3], genotoxic [8], hypoglycemic [1(b)], narcotic [1(b)], sedative activities [1(b)] etc. Thus, the quinazoline derivatives have been applied as inhibitors for dihydrofolate reductase [2(a), 6], epidermal growth factor receptor [3, 7, 9], NADH-quinone reductase [10], TNF-α production [11], as well as T cell proliferation [11-12]. As a result, many pharmaceutical compounds containing quinazoline moiety have been widely applied for medicines.
For example, Alfuzosin is used in men to treat symptoms of an enlarged prostate [13], so-called benign prostatic hyperplasia [14]. Doxazosin, with structure and activity similar to Alfuzosin, is also used in men to treat the symptoms of an enlarged prostate [13-14]. Gefitinib is used to treat non-small cell lung cancer in people who have already been treated with other chemotherapy medications whereas whose conditions have not been improved or even become worse [9(a), 15]. Erlotinib, with a structure similar to Getifinib, is also used to treat non-small cell lung cancer that has spread to the nearby tissues or to other parts of the body in patients who have already been treated with at least one other chemotherapy medication without obvious improvement [16]. Lapatinib is used to treat a certain type of advanced breast cancer in people who have already been treated with other chemotherapy medications [17].
In comparison, perimidine derivatives, with an extended aromatic system larger than quinazolines, have also been identified with a variety type of biological activities, such as antibacterial and antifungal activity [18], cytotoxic effect and in vivo immunosuppressant and immunostimulant activity [19], and have been applied as antagonists for nonpeptide corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptor [20]. In addition, perimidines usually absorb light of longer wavelength that could be stretched to the range of visible light and even to near-infrared range [21]. Thus, perimidines may appear in different colors, depending on the conjugated aromatic system as well as the functional groups they carry. As a result, perimidines have been developed as colorants, dyes and pigments [22].
Due to the wide applications of quinazolines as well as perimidines, a variety type of synthetic or preparative methods have been developed to make these type of heterocycles, according to the available starting materials and the structures of final products with different functional group distributions. Among these synthetic or preparative methods for quinazoline derivatives, a large portion of methods are focused on the introduction of the desired functional group into the existing quinazoline core-structure, which are not related to the current disclosure. In addition, even though there are still many synthetic methods for quinazoline derivatives that have a functional group attached to position 4 of quinazoline moiety through a heteroatom, such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, etc., or with a functional group as simple as hydroxyl (OH), amino (NH2), or halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), these methods are in fact not related to the current disclosure either.
There is a need for a general, simple and direct method for the preparation and/or manufacturing of quinazoline derivatives that carry one substituent at position 4 of quinazoline ring via a carbon atom attachment, and may contain other functional groups at the rest positions of quinazoline rings, except for position 2 of the quinazoline ring where no other functional group rather than hydrogen is attached. This direct method for the preparation of quinazoline derivatives also includes or is applicable to the preparation and/or manufacturing of even largely fused quinazoline derivatives that include perimidines, anthrapyrimidine-7-one, anthra[1,9:5,10]dipyrimidine and benzo[e]pyrimido[4,5,6-gh]pyrimidine when different 1-amino-9H-fluoren-9-ones, aminoanthraquinones are used as the starting materials. Likewise, only those methods for the preparation of perimidines, such as anthrapyrimidine-7-ones, anthra[1,9:5,10]dipyrimidines and benzo[e]pyrimido[4,5,6-gh]pyrimidines, which are closely related to the disclosed method will be compared below.
The preparation of quinazoline derivatives with a carbon-attached substituent at position 4 may be classified into several groups as described below, using 4-phenylquinazoline as in the following examples:
a) The preparation of 4-phenylquinazolines from an N-benzylideneaniline type of Schiff base that is formed from aniline and benzaldehyde, as shown in the reaction between p-chloro-(α-chlorobenzylidene)aniline and benzonitrile in 1,4-dichlorobenzene at 140° C. in the presence of AlBr3 that afforded 69% of 6-chloro-2,4-diphenylquinazoline [23], and the reaction between N-[o-(triphenylphosphoranylideneamino)benzylidene]-p-toluidine and p-nitrobenzaldehyde when refluxed in xylene for 12 hours that gave 70% of 6-methyl-4-p-nitrophenyl-2-phenylquinazoline [24]. The latter reaction would afford dihydroquinazolines as well if other benzaldehydes rather than p-nitrobenzaldehyde are used. In addition, the reaction between 3,4-diphenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5(4H)-one and benzylideneaniline also afforded 2,4-diphenylquinazoline [25];
b) The preparation of 4-phenylquinazolines from amidobenzenes or benzonitriles, as shown in the reaction when p-chloropivalamidobenzene was dilithiated with n-BuLi followed by the addition of o-fluorobenzonitrile to give 57% of 2-t-butyl-6-chloro-4-o-fluorophenylquinazoline [26], and the treatment of o-aminobenzonitrile with phenylmagnesium halide from which the resulting intermediate 2-H2NC6H4C(Ph)=N− then cyclized with carbonyl compounds (e.g., acid chlorides, anhydrides, formates) to give 4-phenyl-quinazolines [27]. Alternatively, the reaction between benzanilides and benzonitriles in the presence of PCl5 and AlCl3 in PhNO2 at 120-150° C. also afforded 2,4-diphenylquinazoline [28];
c) The reaction between benzenediazonium salt and benzonitrile, as shown in the reaction between o-benzylbenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate and benzonitrile that gave 53% of 8-benzyl-2,4-diphenylquinazoline [29];
d) The conversion of benzo[e][1,4]diazepine derivatives into 4-phenyl-quinazolines, such as the refluxing of 3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2(1H)-one in AcOH to give 35% of 4-phenyl-2-quinazolinecarbaldehyde [30], thermolysis of 7-chloro-3-(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-amine in 50% H2SO4 that afforded about 15% of 6-chloro-4-phenyl-2-quinazolinecarbaldehyde [31], thermolysis of 7-bromo-3-hydroxy-5-pyridin-2′-yl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2(1H)-one at 220° C. to give 6-bromo-4-pyridin-2′-yl-2-quinazolinecarbaldehyde [32], sublimation of 7-chloro-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-2,1,4-benzothiadiazepine 2,2,4-trioxide at 160° C. under vacuum (at 10−3 mmHg) to give 6-chloro-4-phenylquinazoline [33], acidic hydrolysis of 8-chloro-6-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1,5-benzodiazocin-2-amine in refluxing methanolic hydrogen chloride for 2.5 hours to afford 53% of 2-α-aminoethyl-6-chloro-4-phenylquinazoline [34], treatment of 8-chloro-3-methyl-6-phenyl-3H-4,1,5-benzoxadiazocin-2(1H)-one with sodium methoxide for 20 hours to yield 50% of 2-acetyl-6-chloro-4-phenylquinazoline [35], oxidation of N-methyl-7-nitro-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxamide with CrO3 in AcOH to give 29% of N-methyl-6-nitro-4-phenyl-2-quinazolinecarboxamide [36], and hydrogenation of 8-chloro-6-phenyl-3H-4,1,5-benzoxadiazocin-2(1H)-one oxime over Raney-nickel to afford 50% of 6-chloro-2-hydroxymethyl-4-phenylquinazoline [37];
e) Thermolysis of 1,3,6-triphenyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine at 200° C. to a mixture of three components that included 2,4-diphenylquinazoline [38];
f) The reaction between 3-phenylbenzo[c]isoxazole and 5-methoxy-3-phenyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione in refluxing dioxane containing TiCl4 as catalyst to give 82% of 4,N-diphenyl-2-quinazolinecarboxamide [39];
g) Isomerization of 7-chloro-5-hydroxy-5-phenyl-1,2,3,5-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinazolin-1-one into 2-α-carboxyethyl-6-chloro-4-phenylquinazoline in ˜45% yield under basic condition [40];
h) The conversion of benzotriazene derivatives into 4-phenyl quinazolines, such as the transformation of 1,2-diaryl-2-(benzotriazol-1-yl)enamines prepared from lithiated (α-arylbenzotriazol-1-yl)methane and nitriles to afford 2,4-arylquinazolines, and the reaction between 2-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,2-diphenylethanone and formamide at 150° C. to afford 50% of 2,4-diphenylquinazoline [41]; and
i) the treatment of 1-amino-4-methyl-9H-thioxanthen-9-one 10,10-dioxide with formic acid-formamide at 180° C. for 3 hours to give a mixture of products from which 6-methyl-4-phenylquinazoline was isolated in low yield [42].
Although these known methods listed from a) to i) all lead to the formation of 4-phenylquinazolines, they are quite different from the presently disclosed method, because the cited methods mentioned above all afford 4-substituted quinazolines with an additional functional group at position 2 through a carbon-carbon attachment for which the removal of such group might prove difficult to accomplish.
Only the following several methods are of a kind of similarity to the presently disclosed method, to an extent, that all use 2-aminobenzophenone as the starting material. These similar synthetic methods include the reaction between 2-aminobenzophenone and ethyl carbamate and further treatment with phosphoryl trichloride [43], thermal reaction between 2-aminobenzophenone and formamide [44], the reaction between hydroxyglycine and 2-aminobenzophenones to give 1,2-dihydro-4-phenylquinazoline-2-carboxylic acids which is then converted into the corresponding quinazoline derivatives via air oxidation [45], and the treatment of 2-aminobenzophenone with urotropine and ethyl bromoacetate in alcohol to form a mixture of 4-phenylquinazoline and 4-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinazoline [46].
For comparison, several methods have been developed for the preparation of aromatically-fused perimidine derivatives, including but not limited to anthrapyrimidine-7-ones, anthra[1,9:5,10]dipyrimidines and benzo[e]pyrimido-[4,5,6-gh]pyrimidines starting from aminoanthraquinones. Examples from such methods include the following:
a) a mixture of 1:2 ratio of 1-N-acetylaminoanthraquinone and phenol when treated with ammonia gas at a pressure of 5 atm at 125-130° C. afforded 2-methyl-1,9-anthrapyrimidine [47];
b) the thermal treatment of 1,5-diaminoanthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid with formamide followed by more than 10 times of 25% aqueous ammonia at 195-200° C. afforded diamino-1,9-anthrapyrimidine [48];
c) the reaction of 5-amino-4′-benzoylamino-1,1′-anthrimidecarbazole with 5 equivalents (by weight) of formamide and 10 equivalents of phenol for several hours formed 4′-benzoylamino-5,10-pyrimidino-1,1′-anthrimidcarbazole [49];
d) treatment of 7.8 parts of N,N-dimethyl-N′-[anthraquinoyl-(1)]-formamidinium chloride with 7.8 parts of ammonium acetate in 100 parts of glycol methyl monoether at 20° C. for 30 minutes gave 5.2 parts of 1,9-anthrapyrimidine, which could also be prepared by the treatment of 15.7 parts of N,N-dimethyl-N′-[anthraquinoyl-(1)]-formamidinium chloride with 14.4 parts of ammonium carbonate in 300 parts of methanol at 20° C. for 30 minutes which gave 10.6 parts of 1,9-anthrapyrimidine [50];
e) treatment of 50 parts of 1-dimethylformamidino-4-bromoanthraquinon-2-sulfonic acid with 25 parts (by weight) of an ammonium acetate in 800 parts of glycol monomethyl ether at 50° C. for 4 hours afforded 28 parts of 4-bromo-anthrapyrimidin-2-sulfonic acid [51];
f) the reaction between 19.5 parts of 1,5-dihydroxy-4-propionylamino-8-aminoanthraquinone and 9.2 parts of dimethylformamide in 240 parts of chlorobenzene in the presence of 10.7 parts of thionyl chloride for 2 hours at 70° C., and the resulting product extracted with acetone was then treated with 30 parts of ammonium acetate in 250 parts of ethyleneglycol monomethyl ether at 75° C. for 4 hours to afford 18.2 parts of 1,5-dihydroxy-4-propionylamino-8,10-anthrapyrimidine [52]; and
g) the reaction between 42.2 grams of 1,4-diamino-2,3-diphenoxy-anthraquinone and 31 grams of benzonitrile in 150 grams of trichlorobenzene in the presence of 34.4 grams of p-TsOH at 190° C. for 5-6 hours afforded 46.6 grams of 6-amino-2-phenyl-4,5-diphenoxy-anthrapyrimidine [53].

Facile preparation of 4-substituted quinazolines and related heterocycles