A boxed glove dispenser has a front and an opposite back, two spaced apart ends connecting the front and the back, a top connecting the front, back, and ends, and a bottom opposite the top. The bottom has a lesser depth than the top and connects to the front and the back using two rails. The rails provide two edges parallel to the length of the dispenser and elevate a box placed upon the rails slightly above the bottom. The bottom also has a grate centered in it. The grate has a transverse orientation to the length of the bottom. The grate operates as an opening into the dispenser, yet the opening limits a medical provider's access within the dispenser to no more than two fingers while promoting single glove retrieval from any glove box placed within the dispenser.

The boxed glove dispenser generally relates to dispensers of personal protective equipment and more specifically to a dispenser for gloves. The dispenser releases gloves singly under gravity feed.
Early on medical providers worked with the clothes on their backs and their bare hands. Such conditions led to germ transmission from doctor to patient, patient to doctor, other patient to doctor to patient, and the like. Morbidity and mortality from infection and transfection was a risk at every turn in a medical setting. Before the turn of the last century, William Halstead pioneered use of surgical gloves as a professor at Johns Hopkins University. From those humble beginnings at one medical school and many epidemiological studies later, gloves have become abundant in hospitals and medical settings of all kinds. Gloves come in many kinds, however examination gloves of various materials see prevalent use. Gloves see additional use in dental practices and is other locations where a service provider contacts a patient. Gloves generally prevent a provider from transmitting his own germs to a patient and the patient from transmitting germs back to the provider.
Medical providers now use gloves ubiquitously. Early training of medical providers, continuing training, and reminders from insurers, prompt and stimulate glove usage. The AIDS crisis of the 80s and 90s also reinforced the need to wear gloves. The appearance of MRSA in the 2000s and this decade also prompts usage of gloves. Medical providers generally have gloves in ample stock and readily available, typically in exam rooms and surgical suites among other places. Medical providers typically reach for a pair of gloves from a storage box and place them on their hands before contacting a patient.
Medical providers have such conditioned responses about gloves that they overlook what happens as they retrieve a pair of gloves. Retrieving gloves has its own problematic issues as further described.


A spray nozzle for use in the manufacture of an image display device includes a first body having a first injection hole, and a second body configured to be rotatably coupled to the first body and having a second injection hole to inject fluid that is supplied thereinto from the first injection hole.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus for manufacturing an image display device, and more particularly, to a spray nozzle for use in the manufacture of an image display device and spraying apparatus using the same. Although the present invention is suitable for a wide scope of applications, it is particularly suitable for regulating an injection angle of fluid to be discharged from a spray nozzle during a spraying process, and a spraying apparatus using a spray nozzle.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Recently, a variety of light and thin, flat panel display devices, which solve the weight and bulk problems of cathode ray tubes have attracted considerable attention. Accordingly, flat panel displays have been replacing cathode ray tubes. Examples of flat panel display devices include liquid crystal displays, field emission displays, plasma display panels, and light emitting displays.
Among the variety of flat panel display devices, liquid crystal displays are designed to display an image via a regulation of light transmissibility through liquid crystal molecules using an electric field. More specifically, a liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal panel in which liquid crystal cells are arranged in a matrix form, and a drive circuit to drive the liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal panel is provided with a common electrode and pixel electrodes to apply an electric field to each of the liquid crystal cells. Typically, the pixel electrodes are formed on a lower substrate at positions corresponding to the respective liquid crystal cells. The common electrode is integrally formed across the entire surface of an upper substrate. The pixel electrodes are connected to thin film transistors (hereinafter, referred to as "TFTs"), which are used as switching devices. The pixel electrodes are used to drive the liquid crystal cells, along with the common electrode, in accordance with data signals fed through the TFTs.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a related art liquid crystal panel. As shown in FIG. 1, the related art liquid crystal panel includes a color filter array substrate 4 and a TFT array substrate 2 with liquid crystal molecules 52 filled in a gap between the color filter array substrate 4 and the TFT array substrate 2. The color filter array substrate has a black matrix 44, a color filter 46, an overcoat layer 47, a common electrode 48, and an upper alignment film 50a formed in sequence. The TFT array substrate 2 has a TFT, a pixel electrode 22, and a lower alignment film 50b formed in sequence.
The TFT of the TFT array substrate 2 includes: a gate electrode 6 connected to a gate line; a source electrode 8 connected to a data line; and a drain electrode 10 connected to the pixel electrode 22 through a drain contact hole 26. The TFT further includes a semiconductor layer 14 to generate a conductive channel between the source electrode 8 and the drain electrode 10 when a gate voltage is applied to the gate electrode 6. The semiconductor layers 16 provide a low resistance contact between the semiconductor layer 14 and each of the source and the drain electrodes 8 and 10. The TFT selectively feeds a data signal from the data line (not shown) to the pixel electrode 22 in response to a gate signal from the gate line (not shown).
The pixel electrode 22 is located in a pixel region that is defined by the data line and the gate line, and is made of a transparent conductive material having a high light transmissibility. The pixel electrode 22 is formed on a protective film 18 that is over the entire surface of the lower substrate 1. The pixel electrode 22 is electrically connected to the drain electrode 10 through the drain contact hole 26 in the protective film 18. A potential difference is generated between the pixel electrode 22 and the common electrode 48, which is formed on the upper substrate 42, when a data signal is fed to the pixel electrode 22 by way of the TFT. Due to the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal molecules 52, the potential difference causes a rotation of the liquid crystal molecules 52 located between the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 42. Because the liquid crystal molecules 52 can be rotated, the quantity of light transmitted from a light source to the upper substrate 42 by way of the pixel electrode 22 can be regulated.
The black matrix 44 of the color filter array substrate 4 is formed to overlap the TFT, the gate lines (not shown), the data lines (not shown) of the lower substrate 1, and to define a pixel region where the color filter 46 will be formed. The black matrix 44 serves to prevent light leakage while absorbing external light, thereby achieving an increase in the contrast ratio. The color filter 46 is formed in the pixel region defined by the black matrix 44. The color filter 46 includes red, green, and blue color filters, to enable emission of light of red, green, and blue colors. The overcoat layer 47 is formed by applying transparent resin, having an insulation property, on the upper substrate 42 after the color filter 46 is formed on the upper substrate 42. The overcoat layer 47 serves to electrically insulate the black matrix 44 from the common electrode 48 to which a common voltage is applied. In the alternative, the overcoat layer 47 may be omitted in TN-mode devices.
A potential difference is generated between the pixel electrode 22 and the common electrode 48, which has a common voltage applied thereto, when a data signal is fed to the pixel electrode 22 by way of the TFT. The common voltage can be a reference voltage for reorientation of the liquid crystal molecules 52. In the case of IPS mode devices, the common electrode is formed on the lower substrate 1 rather than the upper substrate 42.
The upper and lower alignment films 50a and 50b for use in the initially alignment of liquid crystal molecules 52 are formed on the color filter array substrate 4 and the TFT array substrate 2, respectively, by applying an alignment material, such as polyimide (PI), onto the pixel electrode 22 and the common electrode 48, and then, performing a rubbing process.
A method for manufacturing the liquid crystal panel includes a photoresist (hereinafter, referred to as "PR") patterning process, an etching process, and a PR pattern stripping process, which are used in either patterning electrodes or forming contact holes. Also, a washing process can be performed prior to or after performing one or more of the above described processes. The PR patterning process, etching process, and PR pattern stripping process are used for the formation of color filters and the patterning of electrodes as well as in the manufacture of TFTs. The etching process, PR pattern stripping process, and washing process are spraying processes, and therefore, these spraying processes are performed by use of a spraying apparatus that is designed to inject a chemical material or de-ionized (DI) water onto a substrate using spray nozzles.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating a related art spraying apparatus. As shown in FIG. 2, the related art spraying apparatus includes a substrate 60, a pipe 70 positioned over the substrate 60, a tube 72 for supplying fluid into the pipe 70, and a plurality of spray nozzles 80 mounted on the pipe 70 for spraying fluid supplied into the pipe 70 onto the substrate 60. The fluid, which is supplied into the pipe 70, is either a chemical material for etching or stripping a pattern on the substrate 60, or de-ionized water for washing the substrate 60. The pipe 70 is mounted parallel to either a longer or shorter side of the substrate 60 at a predetermined height above the substrate 60. The fluid is supplied at a predetermined pressure from an external tank (not shown) into the pipe 70 by way of the tube 72.
FIG. 3 is a view illustrating a spray nozzle of FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 3, each of the plurality of spray nozzles 80 is formed with an injection hole 81 having a circular cross-section. The injection hole 81 is used to inject the fluid, which is supplied from the pipe 70, onto the substrate 60 at a predetermined injection angle and with a predetermined injection pressure.
The related art spraying apparatus having the above described configuration is able to inject the fluid onto the substrate 60 through the injection holes 81 formed in the plurality of spray nozzles 80, thereby etching or stripping a pattern formed on the substrate 60, or washing the substrate 60. To achieve a uniform pattern etching or stripping effect during the etching or pattern stripping process, the injection angle of the spray patterns for the plurality of spray nozzles 80 can not be concentrated and the spray patterns should overlap without each other. Similarly, to uniformly wash a substrate, the injection angle of the spray patterns for the plurality of spray nozzles 80 can not be concentrated and the spray patterns should overlap with each other. Further, to prevent damage to the substrate, the injection pressure of the injected fluid impacting the substrate can not be too strong. Thus, the injection angle and the injection pressure of the fluid must be regulated.
In the case of the related art spraying apparatus, both the injection angle and the injection pressure of the injected fluid are determined in accordance with the shape and size of the injection holes 81 that are formed in the plurality of spray nozzles 80, and to some extent, by the height of the nozzles above the substrate and the pressure within the pipe. Thus, the injection angle and the injection pressure can not be easily regulated for different fluids or for spraying processes injecting fluids at different injection pressures. Typically, a different pipe with different nozzles are used for different fluids. Further, minor variations amongst the plurality of nozzles causes the entire pipe having a plurality of spray nozzles to be adjusted for the worst performing spray nozzle on the pipe.

Spray nozzle for use in manufacture of image display device and spraying apparatus using the same


A steel bar is made by first producing a continuously cast forgeable steel strand of generally square cross section with flat beveled corners at a temperature above a transformation temperature. This strand is then cut into billets which are passed through a succession of pairs of rollers and compressed with the rollers with a pressure sufficient to compact a core of the billets without substantially lengthening the billets.

The improvement of the mechanical properties of steel by forging has long been known. Intensive compression by pressing or hammering reduces coarse crystalline structure into a fine-grained structure and thus reduces the porosity of the material, compacts it, and improves its ductility. Forging produces a particle compaction with a concomitant length increase in the area of two to three times.
The dissertation entitled "Theoretische und experimentalle Untersuchungen zum Formanderungsverlauf and zu Spannungszustand an einer Schmiedewalzanlage (GFM/Krupp) zur Herstellung von Stabmaterial" ("Theoretical and experimental tests of shape change and tension conditions in a forging system (GFM/Krupp) for producing bar stock") by Dipl. Ing. Tuke of Dortmund, produced for the Rheinisch-Westfalischen Technischen Hochschulle Achen in October 1979 describes a continuous forging system. Here the workpiece is pummeled by a plurality of annularly arranged hammers that substantially compact it. The billet thus treated is in fact struck perpendicularly and crosswise as well as diagonally at a 45.degree. angle to produce a workpiece with excellent grain structure. The system does not employ any rolling-mill technology and produces only a limited amount of finished workpieces.
In the periodical Stahl und Eisen (Vol. 110, No. 5, pp. 59-64) the high-precision rolling of bar stock in a fine steel wire installation of Moosstahl AG of Luzern, Switzerland is described. This publication discusses a high-pressure rolling system in a horizontal-roller frame and a vertical-roller frame. The method relates to the commercial production of bars with extremely accurately produced diameters and circular cross sections for fine steel and wire. There is no core compaction of the workpiece and none is intended.
The specialized literature Walzwerksanlagen (No. 2000.09.92 LD; September 1992; FIGS. 3 and 4) of SMS Schloemann-Siemag AG, of Dusseldorf, Germany shows the joining of a continuous-casting apparatus with a rolling installation for making fine steel out of billets. The goal here is a cost-efficient joining of the continuous-casting apparatus with the rolling installation so as to optimally use the latent heat in the strand.


The invention relates to compositions and uses thereof in methods for treating an inflammatory disease, disorder or condition in a subject, in particular an inflammatory disease, disorder or condition of the digestive tract such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and/or colorectal cancer. The invention also relates to probiotic compositions and the use of the compositions for treating gastrointestinal disorders.

Inflammation is a complex reaction of the immune system that involves the accumulation and activation of leucocytes and plasma proteins at the site of infection, toxin exposure or cell injury. Although inflammation serves as a protective function in controlling infections and promoting tissue repair, it can also cause tissue damage and disease. IBDs, for example Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are accompanied by aberrant intestinal inflammatory responses. Uncontrolled inflammation can also drive tumorigenesis in the intestine and patients with IBD have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer.
It has been suggested that a specific network of cytokines and proteins are involved in the regulation of inflammation, in particular inflammation of mucosal tissue such as intestinal mucosa, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases such as IBD. Drug therapies to date, including aminosalicylates and steroids, provide symptomatic improvement but fail to stop the underlying inflammatory process and do not change the disease course.
Biological agents such as antibodies have provided alternative treatment options for these chronic diseases by targeting inflammatory cytokines or proteins.
The pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α is an example of a cytokine that plays a key role in inflammation, and specifically in intestinal inflammation (Neurath, M. F. (2014) Nature Reviews Immunology; 14: 329-342). TNF-α activates fibroblasts, stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production and angiogenesis, induces death of epithelial cells, mediates T cell resistance against apoptosis and induces cachexia. Anti-TNF-α agents have been the focus of much work and a number of agents have been approved clinically for treating inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis (Neurath, M. F. (2014) Nature Reviews Immunology; 14: 329-342). Examples include the monoclonal antibodies infliximab (Remicade®), adalimumab (Humira®), certolizumab pegol (Cimzia®), and golimumab (Simponi®).
IL-12 and IL-23 also play a role in inflammation and specifically have been associated with intestinal inflammation (Teng, M. W. L., et al. (2015) Nature Medicine; 21: 719-729). IL-12 and IL-23 are induced in the inflamed mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease. IL-12 induces type 1 T helper (TH1) cells and Crohn's disease has been found to be associated with a TH1 response. Type 17 T helper (TH17) cell responses have been identified in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and IL-23 is well-known as an activator of TH17 cells. IL-12 and IL-23 share a subunit (p40) and the marketed drug ustekinumab targets this subunit and is approved for Crohn's disease. Risankizumab is specific for the p19 subunit unique to IL-23 and Phase 2 data suggest efficacy in Crohn's disease. (Neurath, M. F. (2017) Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology; 14: 269-278). Other anti-IL-23 agents are in clinical development for treating inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 also plays a role in inflammation and specifically has been associated with intestinal inflammation (Neurath, M. F. (2014) Nature Reviews Immunology; 14: 329-342). IL-6 activates T cells and prevents apoptosis, induces macrophage activation, recruits immune cells, activates acute-phase proteins, induces proliferation of epithelial cells and favours tumour growth (Neurath, M. F. (2014) Nature Reviews Immunology; 14: 329-342). Anti-IL-6 drugs in development (e.g. tocilizumab) have shown early clinical efficacy for treating Crohn's disease. In IBD patients, IL-6 and its agonistic soluble receptor sIL-6R are induced and mediate T cell activation and their resistance of apoptosis. IL-6 blockage is effective in experimental colitis (Neurath, M. F. (2017) Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology; 14: 269-278). Anti-IL-6 agents are also in clinical development for treating inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and have been approved for cancer therapy.
Blockade of IL-1β activity was shown to reduce tumorigenesis in mice by impairing macrophage-dependent IL-6 secretion. Deficiency of the IL-1β converting enzyme (ICE; also known as caspase 1)—an enzyme that cleaves IL-1β and IL-18 into active cytokines protected mice from dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, which suggests that blockade of IL-1 family members may be relevant for the therapy of chronic intestinal inflammation (Neurath, M. F. (2014) Nature Reviews Immunology; 14: 329-342).
IL-10 suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine production by antigen-presenting cells and T cells and induces STAT3 signaling in regulatory T cells. IL-10 has been implicated in inflammatory diseases, in particular intestinal inflammation such as colitis. For example, IL-10 deficiency is associated with IBD (Neurath, M. F. (2014) Nature Reviews Immunology; 14: 329-342).
TGF-β1 is produced by many immune and nonimmune cells in the gut of mice and humans and the two TGF-β1 receptors (type I and type II) are expressed on virtually all intestinal cells. TGF-β1 suppresses the activation and function of effector T cells and macrophages and contributes to the peripheral differentiation of both regulatory Foxp3-expressing T cells (Fantini, M. C., et al. (2004) J Immunol; 172: 5149-5153) and TH17 cells. It also provides a chemotactic gradient for leukocytes and other cells participating in inflammatory responses and inhibits cells once they have become activated. TGF-β1 inhibits the production of extracellular matrix-degrading proteases by stromal cells and at the same time stimulates these cells to make collagen and promotes margination of epithelial cells. TGF-β1 is the major cytokine involved in the production of mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA). Consistent with data generated in mouse models of inflammation, blockade of endogenous TGF-β1 activity in cultures of normal, intestinal mucosal cells or explants with a neutralizing antibody enhances induction of inflammatory molecules while stimulation of normal intestinal immune cells with recombinant TGF-β1 abrogates inflammatory signals. Mongersen is a drug in development to treat Crohn's disease. Mongersen restores TGF-β1 activity by knockdown of an inhibitor of TGF-β1 (Smad7) thus leading to suppression of inflammatory pathways and resolution of colitis in mice (Ardizzone, S., et al. (2016) Ther Adv Gastroenterol; 9(4): 527-532).
Cytokines activate tumour cell proliferation, expansion and survival through the activation of intracellular signaling molecules, such as STAT3 and NF-κB (Neurath, M. F. (2014) Nature Reviews Immunology; 14: 329-342). NF-κB is a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival. The chronic mucosal inflammation in IBD is caused by hyperactivation of effector immune cells, which produce high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6 and interferon-γ, resulting in colonic tissue damage. The nuclear transcription factor NF-κB was identified as one of the key regulators in this immunological setting. Trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis can successfully be treated by local administration of p65 (subunit of NF-κB) antisense oligonucleotides and the NF-κB pathway is an attractive target for therapeutic interventions in IBD. As for all cytokines and proteins involved in IBD, NF-κB is also involved in normal cell physiology. Blockade of NF-κB activation in murine hepatocytes was associated with spontaneous development of hepatocellular carcinoma, so it would be desirable to restrict inhibition of NF-κB locally to immune cells within inflamed colonic mucosa (Atreya, I. et al. (2008) Journal of Internal Medicine; 263: 591-596).
Tissue remodeling and destruction in IBD is controlled by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Expression of MMP9 was found to be increased in IBD, in particular ulcerative colitis patients. In vivo animal studies suggest an important role of MMP9 in impairing epithelial permeability and augmenting inflammation (Neurath, M. F. (2017) Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology; 14: 269-278).
Biological agents targeting cytokines and proteins, for example monoclonal antibodies, are by their nature highly specific to their target. Antibody therapy is also often associated with secondary failure and withdrawal due to intolerance in the long term (Amiot, A. et al. (2015) Ther Adv Gastroenterol; 8(2): 66-82).
Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co Ltd (Japan) produces a Clostridium butyricum (CBM 588 strain) probiotic for digestive health. This product uses a non-engineered Clostridium strain, which does not produce 3-HB. C. butyricum is found in the human gut microbiota and has a safe history of use as a probiotic for human and animal health.
There remains a need in the art for new therapeutics for treating inflammatory diseases, disorders or conditions, in particular inflammatory diseases, disorders or conditions in the intestinal tract including colorectal cancer. There remains a need in the art for therapeutics that suppress the inflammatory process underlying the disease, disorder or condition and/or are able to change the course of the disease, disorder or condition. New therapeutics are needed that are more efficacious; have fewer side effects; are orally acceptable; are easy to administer and exhibit improved compliance to treatment schedules; and/or are targeted for treating the disease, disorder or condition locally at the site of inflammation.

Compositions and uses thereof for treating inflammatory diseases and probiotic compositions


Disclosed is an apparatus and method of through hole substrate printing wherein the apparatus includes a nest plate having a plurality of vacuum source holes formed therein of a size substantially greater than the through holes in the substrate, and a plurality of removable pointed pins supporting the substrate in a substantially flat and horizontal position during the printing operation. The removably pointed pins allow for the flexibility of printing a variety of conductive patterns for different substrates and without the risk of breaking the substrate or smearing the conductive pattern on the bottom surface of the substrate or the subsequent substrate to be printed.

The application of conductive material to inner surfaces of through holes, referred to as through hole printing, has been performed using manual printing systems. An operator hand loads a substrate onto a support referred to in the art as a printing nest. The operator locates the substrate on the printing nest so that the through holes on the substrate are aligned with corresponding holes in the printing nest. Holes in the printing nest being approximately the same diameter as the holes in the substrate. The operator then activates a hold-down vacuum, which is applied through holes in the printing nest located adjacent to the perimeter of the substrate, to clamp the substrate to the nest.
The print nest is thereafter moved into a printing position under a printing screen. The printing operation is then performed whereby the desired pattern of conductive paths, including the conductive material for the through holes, is printed on the substrate and the nest is moved back to the load/unload position. The operator then activates a second vacuum that is applied to the corresponding holes in the nest and serves to pull the conductive material through the holes in the substrate and coat the inner walls of the through holes. U.S. Pat. No. 4,710,395 issued to Young et al on Dec. 1, 1987, discloses a method and apparatus that can be used to increase the uniformity of this coating operation. This completes the printing operation, and the operator deactivates both vacuums and removes the substrate from the printing nest. Before loading the next substrate, the operator must wipe away excess conductive material that has been pulled through the through holes of the previous substrate onto the surface of the nest. Otherwise, this excess conductive material on the surface of the nest will smear onto the bottom surface of the next substrate and cause electrical shorts between conductive paths on the lower surface.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,080,921 issued to Zachman et al on Jan. 14, 1992, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention, discloses a method of avoiding the smearing problem associated the above-described manual through hole substrate printing operation. The apparatus of that invention includes a means for supporting an edge portion of the substrate and a means for interacting with the bottom surface of an interior portion of the substrate, the interacting means being located along side the support means. The interacting means, which in terms of the art could be considered to be an inner nest, includes holes of the same diameter as the holes in the substrate and positioned to directly align with the substrate holes. The apparatus further includes a means for reciprocably moving the interacting means generally perpendicular to the substrate between a position in which the interacting means is spaced from the bottom surface of the substrate and a position in which the interacting means is in a juxtaposition with the bottom surface of the substrate. The apparatus also includes a means for applying conductive material to the top surface of the substrate and a means for applying a vacuum to the holes in the interacting means to pull the conductive material through the through holes in the substrate, whereby printing occurs. The moving means junction to move the interacting means into juxtaposition with the bottom surface of the substrate when the conductive material is applied to the top surface of the substrate, and moves the interacting means to its position spaced away from the substrate after the conductive material has been applied and pulled through the substrate by the vacuum means. Thus, the substrate is in a stationary position when the printing nest is moved into juxtaposition with respect to the bottom surface of the substrate, and no sliding of the substrate with respect to the printing nest occurs. Thus, that apparatus avoids the problem of smearing of the conductive material described in the manual operation as set forth above.
The shortcomings of that apparatus include the lack of flexibility to print various conductive patterns with a single printing nest. The vacuum holes in the printing nest of that apparatus must align with the through holes in the substrate. Thus, substrates having through holes in different locations than the through holes in nest could not be printed on the same printing nest.
The present invention provides an alternative apparatus and method of through hole printing which avoids the smearing problem and avoids the need for complicated apparatus having a means for moving interacting printing nest from a position juxtaposed to the substrate into a position spaced away from the substrate.

Method and apparatus for through hole substrate printing


An image processing device includes: a determining unit configured to determine, in accordance with two images corresponding to temporally adjacent image data input from an external device, whether or not a field area at a time of imaging has been changed; and a suppressing unit configured to generate and output suppressed image data with an amount of visually recognizable information included in the images being suppressed by performing image processing of reducing at least one of a contrast and a chroma of the images at a time the determining unit determines that the field area at the time of imaging has been changed.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image processing device that performs image processing on image data, a display device that includes the image processing device, an imaging apparatus that includes the display device, an image processing method that the image processing device performs, and a program.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, when an imaging apparatus having a hand-shake correction function, such as a digital video camera, is shooting a moving image and a user performs a panning operation, a tilting operation, or another shooting screen changing operation, on top of the effect of the hand-shake correction, extra shaking is caused in the image upon the shooting. Therefore, a technique is known, which is for prohibiting or suppressing a hand-shake correction function when a user performs a panning operation, a tilting operation, or another shooting screen changing operation upon shooting of a moving image (see Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 09-289612).

Image processing device, display device, imaging apparatus, image processing method, and program


A wall outlet inductive charger includes a base connected to a set of terminals for receiving power supply conductors. A faceplate is connected to the base. The faceplate includes a charging portion. A device support extends from the faceplate. A charger housing is connected to the base and positioned between the base and the faceplate. A charging pad including an inductive coil is positioned in the charger housing.

Electrical outlet boxes that house power and/or data receptacles are well-known in the industry. Such boxes can stand alone or be recessed within any of a wall, the floor or the ceiling of a room. Conventional electrical outlets have a housing that is connected to a recessed junction box. The housing can include a separate front and back covers that are connected by screws. A mounting strap with flanges at opposite ends generally extends between the front and back covers and allows the housing to be attached to a suitable structure, such as a building wall or a junction box. In some electrical receptacle designs, the mounting strap has a generally U-shape so as to wrap around portions of the front and back covers of the housing. In other electrical receptacle designs, the mounting strap is a relatively flat shape and is disposed between the front and back covers of the housing.
Typical wall outlets provide power to electronic devices using a power socket connected to a main power supply. In the United States, standard wall outlets generally provide power via a two or three pronged socket or other alternative socket such as a universal serial bus (USB) port. Portable devices, such as cell phones, tablets, music players, and other personal electronic devices are being configured to be charged not only by typical male/female connectors, but through wireless inductive charging.


A process for manufacturing a hybrid multilayer ceramic wiring substrate having a low dielectric constant includes a conductor wiring forming step and an insulating layer forming step. The conductor wiring forming step comprises the steps of: applying a photoresist upon a multilayer ceramic wiring substrate in which a plurality of conductor layers are laminated via insulation layers formed of a low temperature sinterable ceramic composition having a low dielectric constant; exposing the photoresist to light and developing the exposed photoresist to form a mask pattern; and selectively plating the mask pattern. The insulating layer forming step comprises the steps of: printing a photo-setting paste for an insulating layer on the substrate and drying the paste; forming a via hole pattern by light exposure and development using a mask; and burying and sintering a conductor paste into via holes. A micro multilayer wiring is formed by a combination of the conductor wiring forming step and the insulating layer forming step, whereby high density micro wiring and high speed transmission are attained.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing a ceramic wiring substrate or board and in particular to a process for manufacturing a hybrid multilayer ceramic wiring substrate having a low dielectric constant on which ultra high speed LSI chips are mounted.
2. Prior Art
Semiconductor devices such as ICs and LSIs have heretofore been mounted or packaged on printed circuit boards of glass epoxy or alumina ceramic substrates. In association with an advance in high integration, reduction in size and speeding-up of semiconductor devices, demand for mounting substrates which meet the requirements for high density wiring, high speed transmission and high frequency and high heat dissipation has been increased.
Conventional printed boards have problems in through-hole plating properties, machining properties, multilayer bonding ability and thermal deformation at high temperatures, so that they have a limited density. Accordingly, the printed board has not been yet put into practical use as a high density mounting substrate. In contrast to this, the ceramic substrate has a higher potential for high density mounting substrate.
Since the alumina substrate should be sintered at elevated temperatures not less than 1500.degree. C., a conductor material for wiring which is simultaneously sintered or fired is limited to refractory metals or high melting point metals such as W, Mo and the like having a relatively high resistivity. Accordingly, if the transmission loss of pulse signal is considered, reduction in size of wiring pattern would be restricted.
On the other hand, since the propagation delay time of pulse signal is proportional to the square root of the dielectric constant of the substrate material, the low dielectric constant of the substrate material is essential to achieve a high speed transmission. However, the alumina substrate has a relatively high dielectric constant of about 10.
It is a low-temperature sinterable multilayer ceramic substrate that has been developed. The insulating material includes a material such as composite materials of ceramics with glass and crystallized glass. Since the above materials can be sintered at a temperature not higher than 1000.degree. C., low melting point metals, such as Au, Ag-Pd, Cu or the like, having a low resistivity can be used as a wiring conductor material It is possible to lower the dielectric constant of the insulating material not more than 5 by choice of ceramics or glass having a low dielectric constant Since a green sheet lamination technique can be used, it is possible to make three-dimensional wiring, which is very advantageous to obtain a high density.
Formation of the wiring pattern in the green sheet lamination technique is generally performed by a thick film screen printing method. The lower limit of the width of line and space in mass production is 75 .mu.m. Accordingly, a new approach and structure is necessary for micro wiring.

Process for manufacturing a ceramic wiring substrate having a low dielectric constant


According to one embodiment, a magnetic disk device includes a disk, a head including a first write head and a second write head configured to write data to the disk and a read head configured to read data from the disk, and a controller configured to write write data to a first area of the disk with the first write head and to overwrite the write data written with the first write head in the first area with the second write head.

In recent years, magnetic disk devices configured to write data to a magnetic disk (disk) in a high recording density manner have been developed. When data are written in a disk in a high recording density manner, tracks have narrower track pitches and thus, recording quality of data may possibly be deteriorated. Therefore, a technique to write data in a disk of the magnetic disk devices in a high recording density manner while keeping the recording quality is desired. For example, there is a technique of repeating writing data with write currents of different frequencies in a certain recording area to improve the recording quality of the data.

Magnetic disk device having multiple writers with writing current of different frequencies

Toshiba Electronic Devices & Storage Corporation


A detector arrangement for electromagnetic radiation has at least an absorbing element and a cantilever sensor which are in operational connection with each other, so that the sensor is bendable in response to electromagnetic radiation absorbed by the absorbing element. The arrangement further includes an interferometer for measuring bending of the cantilever sensor. In a method for measuring electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic radiation is directed on to the absorbing element and thereby bending of the cantilever sensor is caused. Bending of the cantilever sensor is measured with an interferometer. The cantilever sensor can be a door-like flap made of silicon, attached to one side of a frame of silicon.

This invention relates to a detector arrangement for electromagnetic radiation comprising at least an absorbing element and a sensor arranged in operational connection with each other and at least the sensor being arranged to be bendable in response to electromagnetic radiation.
This invention relates further to a method for measuring electromagnetic radiation. In the method an absorbing element and a sensor are arranged in operational connection with each other. Electromagnetic radiation is directed on to the absorbing element whereby a bending of the sensor is caused. Bending of the sensor is measured.
A detector for electromagnetic radiation is a detector that reacts to electromagnetic radiation.
Prior art comprises several types of detectors for electromagnetic radiation: Thermocouples and thermopiles use the thermoelectric effect. Typically, they have a large thermal mass, long response times and rather limited sensitivity.
Bolometers are based on changes in resistance. Conventional bolometer structures have large thermal mass. By using micro-machined, suspended foils mass can be reduced and rise time shortened.
Solid-state detectors for electromagnetic radiation, such as quantum well devices, are based on semiconductor phenomena. As a consequence of their high inherent thermal noise, these devices must generally operate at a reduced temperature. Their spectral response is also severely limited by the intrinsic properties of the semiconductor materials.
The currently fastest and still quite sensitive bolometers are based on superconductors, which are voltage or current-biased into the transient-edge of the superconductive material. These devices, however, are workable only in cryogenic temperatures well below 1 K.
Golay cells follow thermal expansion. Gas inside a chamber expands upon heating and causes a Mylar-film to deform. Golay cells are sensitive, but very delicate.
Patent publication EP 0 893 675 B1 discloses a luminous intensity sensor element having a flat disk-shaped element made of material with a high thermal expansion coefficient and of low thermal conductivity and on opposite faces, an optically absorbent layer and a reflecting layer. On receiving excitation radiation, the optically absorbent layer is heated and transmits heat to the disk-shaped element, which is heated internally in spatially non-uniform manner and is deformed together with the superimposed reflecting layer. The reflecting layer receives an incident reference light beam to generate a reflected light beam having optical characteristics depending on the aforementioned deformation and varying in response to the excitation radiation. The structure of the sensor element is fairly complicated with three different layers. The sensor element is a membrane and therefore it is fastened by all of its edges which restricts its movements and weakens linearity.

Detector arrangement for electromagnetic radiation and method for measuring electromagnetic radiation


A knee bolster, disposed within the instrument panel of an automotive vehicle, for absorbing energy from impact with the knees of an occupant of the automotive vehicle, the knee bolster assembly comprising a skin defining a show surface of the instrument panel, an inner panel secured to the skin, the inner panel including at least one male portion protruding therefrom in a direction away from the skin, at least one energy absorbing structure extending in a direction away from the inner panel, the energy absorbing structure having portions defining at least one recess therein, the male portions of the inner panel being received within the recess of the energy absorbing structures in a non-contacting alignment.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a knee bolster, for an automotive vehicle, that absorbs the energy of impact that occurs between the instrument panel of the vehicle and the knees of an occupant during a collision. More specifically, the present invention relates to a knee bolster construction in which relative movement between the knee bolster and its associated energy absorbing structure is substantially eliminated.
2. Description of Related Technology
Knee bolsters are provided in the lower portions of an instrument panel, generally facing the legs of the passengers residing in the front seats of the automotive vehicle. During frontal impacts, one criteria for acceptable knee bolster performance is the effectiveness of the knee bolster in transferring impact loads to an energy absorbing structure located within the instrument panel. To accomplish this objective, the force exerted on the knee bolster, by the occupant's knees, is transferred to an energy absorbing structure that is configured to collapse during impact thereby dissipating the received energy. The energy absorbing structure collapses in a controlled manner so as to limit the depth that the knees of the occupant will intrude into the instrument panel. Controlling this collapse has proven to be difficult.
Current technology connects the knee bolster to the energy absorbing structure in several ways, depending on the materials used for the knee bolster. Generally, a knee bolster includes an outer skin coupled to an inner panel, which is conventional formed of either steel or plastic. When using steel, the inner panel is bolted, riveted or otherwise secured to the energy absorbing structures. While this is effective in securing the panel to the energy absorbing structure, it creates the possibility that the fasteners used in securing the inner panel will be visible as raised areas on the visible, class "A" surface of the skin.
When utilizing plastic, two sets of ribs have been provided to project from the interior surface of the inner panel and generally define a channel in a form outlining the shape of the energy absorbing structure. The energy absorbing structure is received between the two sets of ribs so as locate the inner panel relative to the energy absorbing structure. Relative movement between these two parts is not eliminated in that the parts are not fastened together. During an impact, the force of the impact may be sufficient to cause the energy absorbing structure to ride over the ribs and out of the channel or/and deform the ribs. If this happens, the inner panel will shift relative to the energy absorbing structure during impact, not allow the energy absorbing structure to properly absorb the impact. To overcome this and provide adequate stiffness, the size and number of ribs may become so great that their space requirement exceeds the available area on the surface of the inner panel.
Another approach is to use clips to attach the inner panel to the energy absorbing structure. While this concept adds a link between the two components, it may not be robust enough to withstand the impact load from an occupant of the vehicle during a collision.


A pipe connector comprises a tubular pin member having a frustoconical outer surface and a tubular box member having a frustoconical inner surface corresponding to the outer surface of the pin member and which overlies the frustoconical surface of the pin member when the members are fully engaged. The members are provided with inter-engageable annular projections and grooves on the said peripheral surfaces for axially locking the members together when they are fully engaged together. The projections and grooves are spaced apart along the surfaces. The inner tubular surface of the pin member and an outer tubular surface of the box member each include at least one of a recess and/or a protrusion/radially enlarged section which reduces and/or increases the thickness of the tubular wall along the length of the associated member so as to balance the displacement of the members at different points along the length thereof under injection pressure.

So called Merlin type pipe connectors are well known in the art for connecting pipes together and are disclosed in GB1573945, GB2033518, GB2099529, GB2113335 and GB2138089. The connection is formed by tubular pin member having a frustoconical outer peripheral surface and a tubular box member having a generally frustoconical inner peripheral surface corresponding to the frustoconical outer peripheral surface of the pin member. In use, the two members, each associated with a pipe section, are telescoped together and are axially locked together by mating annular projections and grooves provided on the said peripheral surfaces, the projections and grooves being spaced apart along the two surfaces.
In telescoping the two members together, they are initially telescoped until surface contact is made between crest surfaces of the projections and surfaces between the grooves at least at the ends of the overlapped portions of the surfaces. Hydraulic fluid under pressure is then typically supplied between the overlapped parts of the surfaces to expand the box member and/or contract the pin member to permit the members to be fully telescoped together or the members may simply be pushed together. Pressurised hydraulic fluid is also used to disengage the members by expanding the box member and/or contracting the pin member to bring the projections out of engagement with the corresponding grooves.
In order to reduce the axial extent of the members, projections and grooves may be provided which have relatively small axial extents but this means that, to fully telescope the members together after they have been brought into initial contact, it is necessary to move individual projections past at least one groove before each projection is aligned with the groove in which it is designed to engage. In doing this, there is a risk that the projections and grooves may inter-engage before the members are fully telescoped together and it may then prove impossible to disengage the projections and grooves. To avoid this, prior are systems have proposed forming some at least of the projections and grooves with different axial extents so that the projections and grooves cannot inter-engage before the members are fully engaged. The arrangement is such that in all intermediate positions of the members, prior to full engagement and after the frustoconical surfaces have been brought into initial surface contact, there is contact between the crests of at least some of the projections and surfaces between the grooves spaced apart along the overlying parts of the frustoconical surfaces.
These prior art connectors have the problem, however, that when disengaging the members using pressurised hydraulic fluid, to ensure that the projections and grooves at the end of the surfaces of the members overcome the radial restrain and disengage completely, the radial loading imposed by the pressurised fluid on the central portion of the surfaces of the members is substantially greater than is needed to disengage the projections and grooves in these sections. This can result in the elastic limit of the material of the connectors parts in these sections being exceeded, permanently deforming the parts and hence preventing re-use. This problem has been overcome by making the members out of high tensile steel, but this significantly increases cost.
Applicant's own earlier European patent EP 0803637 discloses a solution to this problem in which the radial height of the projections is reduced towards the free end of each member so that the engagement depth of those projections in the grooves is reduced. In particular, the radial height of the projections taper inward towards the free end of each member. This decreases the depth of engagement of the teeth in the grooves, so as to provide sufficient clearance of the end teeth during break-out to enable disengagement at a lower pressure while keeping the average tooth engagement relatively high. In this way, the risk of over-pressurising the members beyond the elastic limit of the material in the middle of the connector is reduced.
The system has the drawback, however, that the teeth crests are no longer aligned on a single cone and uneven crest profile causes contact pressure high points during assembly, which can lead to excessive local wearing of the teeth. Moreover, tapering the teeth crests at the ends compromises the metal-metal seal between the end teeth during make-up of the joint, meaning that a high viscosity injection fluid is required to enable the high injection pressure required for a smooth make-up.


An object is to provide a covering material and a covering structure of a robot gripping portion capable of providing proper gripping performance depending on various objects to be gripped so as to grip the objects and is solved by a covering material disposed on a surface of a base material 11 having a function of gripping an object, including an inner layer 121 made up of an elastic body and an outer layer 122 made up of an elastic body coming into contact with the object when gripping the object on a surface of the inner layer 121, the inner layer 121 being made up of the elastic body having a tackiness and having a hardness lower than the outer layer 122, the outer layer 122 having one or more penetrating portions 13 penetrating to the inner layer 121 such that when a stress acts at the time of gripping of the object, a portion of the inner layer 122 enters the penetrating portion 13 or protrudes from the penetrating portion 13 depending on a magnitude of the stress.

Industrial robots have hitherto been introduced into production lines of factories, contributing to improvement in production efficiency. The industrial robots are excellent in the function of gripping objects such as parts and articles conveyed in one line and transferring the objects to another line accurately any number of times.
To grip the objects, air-chuck and multi-fingered robot hands are used in the industrial robots.
The objects to be gripped by such a robot hand include various objects such as heavy objects, light objects, large objects, small objects, minute objects, hard materials, soft materials, fragile objects, rigid objects, or mixed or variable objects thereof. Therefore, many materials, shapes, dimensions, properties etc. are devised for a surface of a robot gripping portion of a robot hand, which significantly affects the gripping performance.
For example, it is proposed to fabricate the robot gripping portion from a soft material such as rubber and resin, and control an operation by mounting a sensing component such as a sensor (Patent Document 1), to dispose a material having a large friction coefficient on a surface or make the surface uneven (Patent Document 2), to cover a surface with an elastic material (Patent Document 3), etc., and measures are taken to enhance the gripping performance from material, physical, and chemical viewpoints.
Therefore, if a type of objects to be gripped is fixed as in the case of an industrial robot hand used in an assembling production line or a robot hand performing only a certain operation, the gripping performance can be improved by taking measures for optimizing a material etc. depending on the objects to optimize the tackiness and the friction coefficient of the gripping portion surface.

Covering material and covering structure for robot grasping unit


A porous polymer battery separator includes variable porosity along its length and can increase the uniformity of the current density within electrochemical battery cells that may normally experience higher current density and higher temperatures near their terminal ends than they do near their opposite ends. By disposing a variable porosity separator between the electrodes of an electrochemical cell such that its terminal end has a lower porosity than its opposite end, the transport of ions through the separator can be more restricted in normally high current regions and less restricted in normally low current regions, thereby increasing the overall uniformity of current density within the cell. The separators may be produced by a dry-stretching process or by a wet process. These processes may include forming a polymer-containing film, producing a uniform distribution of pore sites within the film, and reforming the polymer-containing film to a uniform thickness.

Battery separators are widely used in liquid-electrolyte batteries to prevent physical contact between positive electrodes and negative electrodes within a given battery cell while simultaneously enabling ionic transport between electrodes. One type of battery separator is a porous or microporous polymeric separator. This type of separator is typically placed between the positive and negative electrodes within an electrochemical battery cell to physically isolate the electrodes from one another and to absorb liquid electrolyte into its porous structure. By being in intimate physical contact with each electrode, the separator containing the liquid electrolyte facilitates ion transport through the pores of the separator and between electrodes during the operation of the battery, either while discharging under an electrical load or while charging under an applied voltage from an external source.
Depending on the particular application for a liquid-electrolyte battery, any number of individual battery cells may be arranged in series, in parallel, or in various combinations thereof to satisfy the power requirements for the application. For example, a given battery cell is usually capable of producing a known voltage, based largely on the types of materials utilized, and has a particular current capacity, based largely on the materials utilized, the size of the components such as the electrodes and the surface area of the electrodes in contact with the electrolyte. To obtain the desired voltage from a battery, a sufficient number of individual cells are connected in series; e.g., six two-volt cells may be placed in series to obtain a twelve volt battery. To obtain the desired current capacity from the battery, multiple such sets of cells may be connected in parallel or multiple sets of cells connected in parallel may be connected in series. Of course other arrangements are possible.
In batteries that utilize multiple cells electrically connected to achieve usable power levels, one way that multiple electrodes of one polarity or the other can be connected to each another is via a common electrically conductive connection located along the same edge of each electrode. For example, individual electrodes sometimes each include a tab extending from a respective edge so that the multiple tabs of each polarity can be connected to one another by welding or some other suitable process to form an electrical connection between the individual electrodes. In some battery assemblies, such tabs extend from a top edge of each electrode or from a current collector associated therewith. Such internal battery connections may also be called internal terminals.
The inventors of the subject matter disclosed herein have recognized some potential problems that may result from battery constructions that include internal terminals such as those described above and have discovered structures and methods to help mitigate the problems.

Battery separators with variable porosity


Musical rendition is provided through the use of microsensors, in particular of accelerometers and magnetometers or rate gyros, and through an appropriate processing of the signals from the microsensors. In particular, the processing uses a merging of the data output from the microsensors to eliminate false alarms in the form of movements of the user unrelated to the music. The velocity of the musical strikes is also measured. Embodiments make it possible to control the running of mp3 or wav type music files to be played back.

1. Field of the Invention
Various embodiments of the invention relate to the field of the interpretation of musical gestures or gestures acting on or as musical instruments. In particular, preferred embodiments relate to a device and a method for processing signals representative of the movements of a music player using an instrument or beating an accompanying rhythm.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Gaming or learning devices and methods have been developed to enable a musical instrument player using an object which simulates said instrument to play a score thereon, where appropriate coupled with the scores of other instruments. The instruments whose interpretation is simulated may be a guitar, a piano, a saxophone, a drum, etc. In such devices, the notes of the score are generated from the actions of the player. Such devices and methods may use buttons which make it possible to trigger the notes, where appropriate by combining said buttons. Certain devices such as the WII™ Music also use a recognition of certain gestures on the part of the musician with the pressures on the buttons to play the score. Since the WII™ Music motion sensor is an optical sensor which requires a fixed reference, its measurements are both conditioned by the position of the player relative to the reference and rudimentary, which considerably limits the interpretation possibilities. A satisfactory musical rendition in fact requires a high degree of accuracy in capturing the movements of the player which are genuinely intended to actuate the instrument.
Such a rendition is not within the scope of the prior art devices, such as U.S. Pat. No. 5,663,514.

Device and method for interpreting musical gestures

Commissariat À L'Energie et aux Energies Alternatives


To provide a method for manufacturing a resist pattern designed to reduce a manufacturing cost by improving efficiency in the use of a resist material, a method for removing a resist pattern, and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a resist pattern, more particularly, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a resist pattern by using ink jetting, a method for removing the resist pattern, and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device.
Further, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a resist pattern by using a method for discharging a composition, a method for removing the resist pattern, and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device.
2. Description of the Related Art
A thin film transistor (hereinafter referred to as a TFT) formed by using a thin film on an insulating surface is widely applied to an integrated circuit and the like, and is often used as a switching element. A display panel using the TFT has been widely used for a portable terminal and a large sized display device, therefore, high definition, high aperture ratio, high reliability and a large sized screen is increasingly required.
In the case of manufacturing such the thin film transistor, the technique of lithography in which a coating film of a photosensitive resin (photoresist) is formed on a substrate and exposed and developed with the use of a patterned mask and ultraviolet rays is used. A resist pattern formed with the technique is used as a mask in dry etching and wet etching. (Reference 1. Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-359246)

Method for manufacturing resist pattern and method for manufacturing semiconductor device

Abstract: The present invention includes a step of forming a resist pattern by discharging a composition containing photosensitizer on a object to be processed under reduced pressure. The present invention includes a step of etching the object to be processed using the resist pattern as a mask, a step of irradiating the resist pattern through a photomask with light within a photosensitive wavelength region of a photosensitizer, and a step of removing the resist pattern on the object to be processed.

Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.


A child window guard for installation in an open window, such window guard having a base member positioned on the window sill, a lower window sash receipt member and a plurality of vertical members, such vertical members attached at their bottoms at an outward angle to the base member and attached at their tops to the base of the lower window sash receipt member in which lower window sash receipt member the bottom rail of the lower window sash in received.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention herein resides in the area of window guards and more particularly relates to a structure that fits in an open window to prevent children from falling out of such open window, such structure having a plurality of aligned vertical members which are angularly disposed between the inner side of the window sill and the raised bottom rail of the lower window sash.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A serious problem exists when a young child gains access to an open window or an open window with a loosely fitting screen as the child can accidentally fall therethrough. A child falling out an open window is especially serious when such window is located above the first floor of a building. In order to prevent such accidents window guards can be utilized. In the prior art such window guards have frequently taken the form of security-type devices such as window grills which are made of heavy metal bars which are securely attached across such windows. Such guards, though, are designed for preventing unlawful entry therethrough and as such can be very difficult to remove in case of fire. Such heavy bars also prevent access into the premises by firemen and other emergency personnel. Further, such devices are often not only quite expensive and heavy but also require extensive installation procedures using permanent bracket attachments. Prior art window guards which are designed to be both removable and collapsible, having extensive and complicated structures to allow their retraction from the window area, are exceedingly expensive.


An embodiment is directed to a method and a connector for mounting on a substrate. Terminal receiving recesses extend through a bottom wall of the connector. Contacts are positioned in the terminal receiving recesses. The contacts have securing sections for securing the contacts in the terminal receiving recesses and substrate mating sections which extend from the bottom wall of the housing in a direction away from the top wall. At least one stabilization member extends from the bottom wall of the housing in a direction away from the top wall. The at least one stabilization member is movable between a first position and a second position. The at least one stabilization member engages the substrate when the at least one stabilization member is in the first position to maintain the connector in a stable position relative to the substrate.

Connector assemblies for use with substrates, including printed circuit boards are known in the industry. The connector assembly customarily includes a plurality of contacts arranged in some manner such that upon mating to the printed circuit board electrical continuity is effectively established between the connector contacts and conducting paths or strips defined in the board. Usually, these contacts are spring loaded or otherwise resiliently pressed against the printed circuit board so that an appropriate contact force is developed to hold the board and connector together as a composite unit. Further, the force developed must be of such magnitude to insure that a sufficient low resistance connection is established and maintained between the printed circuit board conductive strips or paths and the resilient contacts of the connector itself.
However, prior to the connector being fully inserted into the substrate, the connector must be properly positioned in alignment with the openings of the substrate and maintained in position until sufficient force is provided to fully insert the connector on the substrate. Therefore, in order to prevent bending of the contact or other failures of the connector, the connector, with the contacts protruding there from, must be able to be properly positioned and maintained in position prior to insertion.
It would, therefore, be beneficial to provide an electrical connector which can be positioned on a substrate and be maintained in proper and stable position prior to the contacts being fully inserted into the openings of the substrate, even in instances in which only one row of contacts are provided. It would also be beneficial to provide a connector which has stabilization members which can move between a first position in which the stabilization members cooperate with a substrate to maintain the stability of the connector relative to the substrate and a second position in which the stabilization members allow the insertion of the connector onto the substrate.

Connector with stabilization members and method of assembly


The present disclosure relates to a detection system for detecting a liquid level in a rotating driveline component. The detection system may include a first sensor for detecting the liquid, a second sensor for detecting a rotational position of the driveline component, and a receiver for determining the liquid level based on the first and second sensors.

Vehicles often include mechanisms for determining the levels of fluids (e.g. air, oil, other liquids, etc.) in various vehicle components. For example, tire pressure monitoring systems include pressure sensors operative to detect the air pressure within a tire. Dipsticks are used to check the engine oil level. In rotating driveline components of vehicles, several methods of checking the oil or other liquid levels are used. A plug may be removed from the driveline component to check the oil level with the operator's finger or a dipstick. Alternatively, a sight glass or liquid gauge may be coupled to the rotating component to allow an operator to view the oil level in the component through a clear glass or tube. However, the threaded plug and sight glass are often difficult or cumbersome to access by the operator. Further, the sight glass is prone to leaking and/or being damaged. Further, the vehicle and driveline component must be stationary to determine the oil level using the threaded plug and sight glass mechanisms. Other mechanisms for fluid level detection often add more parts, cost, and complexity to the vehicle.
With many driveline components having large maintenance intervals, slow leaks in the components may go undetected for long periods. A slow leak eventually may lead to inadequate lubrication in the rotating component, potentially causing damage to the component. Replacement of driveline components is expensive and leads to undesirable and costly machine downtime.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a liquid level detection system for a rotatable driveline component of a vehicle is provided. The system includes a sensing device coupled to the rotatable driveline component of the vehicle to rotate with the rotatable driveline component. The sensing device is positioned to detect a liquid in an interior region of the rotatable driveline component during a rotation of the rotatable driveline component. The sensing device is operative to transmit a signal representative of a liquid level in the interior region of the rotatable driveline component. The system further includes a receiver operative to receive the signal representative of the liquid level and to determine the liquid level in the interior region of the rotatable driveline component based on the signal.
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. The exemplifications set out herein illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention, and such exemplifications are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner.

Liquid level detection system for a driveline component


A signal processing system and method are disclosed. The signal processing system includes a digital unit connected to a core system and a plurality of radio units physically isolated from the digital unit. The digital unit is configured to process radio digital signals. The plurality of radio units are configured to convert and amplify digital signals from the digital unit, to transmit the amplified signals to a terminal based on a multi-antenna technology using two antennas, and to receive the signals from the terminal and to transmit the same to the digital unit based on the multi-antenna technology using two antennas.

In general, a digital unit and a radio unit are installed together in a single physical system of a communication base station. However, such a design of the base station has limitations in cell design optimization because it requires installing a base station including both of a radio unit and a digital unit at each cell. To overcome such a limitation, a plurality of antennas is connected to single base station to form a cell as necessary and to reduce coverage holes.
Such configuration of the base station may enable efficient cell design but has a limitation to maximize system capacity. Accordingly, there is a demand to develop a new structure and a new transfer method for a base station to maximize radio capacity.

Digital unit, signal processing system, and signal processing method


A lid comprising a heat conductive substrate and a native silicon oxide layer connected to said substrate by at least one intermediate layer; a lidded integrated circuit package; and a method of providing a heat path through an integrated circuit package comprising providing a substrate with an exterior layer of native silicon oxide and interfacing the layer of native silicon oxide with a layer of thermal interface material.

Lidded integrated circuit packages ("lidded IC packages") are often used with semiconductor dies and/or printed circuit boards ("PC boards") that generate significant amounts of heat. A typical lidded IC package includes a semiconductor die mounted on an electrical connection substrate. A lid, made from a conductive material is mounted on the substrate on the same side as the die. The lid completely encloses the semiconductor die, which is positioned beneath it. A thermal interface material such as silicone or epoxy is positioned between the die and the lid. The thermal interface material facilitates heat flow between the semiconductor die and the lid. A heat sink is typically mounted on the upper surface of the lid to receive and disperse heat from the lid.
Currently most lids are made of nickel coated copper. The nickel layer is, in turn, coated with a silicon oxide material applied by physical vapor deposition. Physical vapor deposition typically uses evaporation or sputtering techniques to apply a silicon dioxide coating by condensation of vapors in a vacuum resulting in adhesion between the deposited atoms and atoms of the nickel layer. The silicon oxide layer of the lid interfaces with the thermal interface material that is applied to it.


In a legged mobile robot (10) having a motor (42) that rotates the ankle joint (26R (26L)) about a right-and-left axis of the robot (26RY (26LY)) and a speed reducer (58) that reduces speed of an output of the motor, wherein the motor is disposed at a same position as the knee joint (22R (22L)) or at the thigh link (16R (16L)) such that the speed reducer is disposed at the shank link. With this, it becomes possible to reduce the weight of the distal end of the leg (12R (12L)) can be reduced, whereby enabling to reduce the inertial force generated in the leg during movement or locomotion of the robot.

The technique described in Japanese Patent 2592340 (page 5, left column, FIG. 2, FIG. 6, etc.) is a known example of the technique relating to a legged mobile robot, particularly to the leg of a legged mobile robot. In this prior art, the configuration is such that an electric motor (80) for driving a knee joint is disposed at a thigh link (70), an electric motor (88) for driving an ankle joint is disposed at a shank link (86), and speed reducers (84)(92) disposed coaxially with the joints are driven by belts (82)(90), whereby the drive force necessary for walking is obtained.
When the legged mobile robot is moved, particularly when the robot is moved at a high speed, a strong inertial force is generated in the leg. Therefore, the weight of the leg, particularly on the distal end (specifically, the foot), is preferably light so that the inertial force generated in the leg during movement or locomotion is reduced. However, in the prior art described above, since the motor for driving the ankle joint is disposed at the shank link and the speed reducer for reducing the speed of the output thereof is disposed coaxially with the ankle joint, the distal end of the leg is heavy, which leaves room for improvement in terms of reducing the inertial force.


The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device which reduces the occurrence of a squeal. A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel and a backlight arranged on a back surface of the liquid crystal display panel, wherein the backlight includes a base, a plurality of rod-shaped light sources arranged between the liquid crystal display panel and the base, electrode fittings for supporting electrode portions of the respective rod-shaped light sources, connection portions allowing the plurality of electrode fittings to be connected thereto and extending in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the rod-shaped light sources, pushing members for pushing the connection portions toward a base side, and friction sound reducing members arranged between the connection portions and the pushing members and/or between the connection portions and the base side.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to a liquid crystal display device having a so-called direct-type backlight.
2. Description of the Related Art
With respect to a liquid crystal display device, along with a demand for large-sizing of a liquid crystal display panel, as a backlight, a direct-type backlight which can make a planar light source uniform has been used.
In such a backlight, in a plane of the base having a light reflection function which faces the liquid crystal display panel in an opposed manner, a plurality of fluorescent lamps is arranged in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the fluorescent lamps. These respective fluorescent lamps have electrode portions formed on both ends thereof clamped by electrode fittings, and the electrode fittings are arranged at both ends of the base.
Further, a plurality of electrode fittings is formed on an electrode support member made of a strip-shaped conductive material extending in the parallel-arranged direction of the fluorescent lamps. That is, the electrode support member has a function of clamping a plurality of fluorescent lamps.
Accordingly, the plurality of fluorescent lamps in the inside of the backlight is configured to be connected in parallel by means of the electrode support members and the electrode fittings arranged at both ends of the base.
The liquid crystal display device having such a backlight is, for example, disclosed in the following patent document 1. JP-A-2005-347259 corresponding to US2005/0265047A1 relevant to JP-A-2005-347259


A computer bezel includes a main body (100), a shutter (10) movably attached to the main body, a pair of springs (50) connecting the shutter and the main body, and a bracket (40). The main body includes an opening (110) and a pair of flanges (103). A first rail (120) and a second rail (130) are defined in each flange. The first rail and the second rail each include an orientating rail (124, 134) and a guiding rail (122, 132). A door lock (170) is secured on the main body. The shutter includes a first sliding portion (22), a second sliding portion (24), and an engaging end (36). When the first sliding portion and the second sliding portion slide into the guiding rail, the shutter is opened, the engaging end is engaged into the door lock, and the springs are extended. When the first sliding portion and the second sliding portion slide into the orientating rail, the shutter is closed, the engaging end is disengaged from the door lock, and the springs are rebounded.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to computer bezels, and particularly to a computer bezel with a shutter which is slidably attached to the computer bezel and convenient to be opened and closed.
2. General Background
A computer often includes some drivers such as, for example, floppy disc driver, optical disc driver, hard disc driver. These drivers are mounted in the computer chassis. The computer bezel has corresponding openings for loading in/out the floppy discs, optical discs and hard discs. For protecting the computer, some shutters are often mounted on the computer bezel to cover the openings.
Some typically computer bezel with such shutters are found. In such examples, shutters are pivotly attached to the computer bezel. When in using, the shutter is secundly opened. In such an arrangement, the shutter extends towards the outside of the computer bezel after being opened, and then the shutter is easily to be damaged by accident.
What is needed, therefore, is a computer bezel with a shutter which covers the opening exactly, and is convenient to be opened and closed.
What is also needed, is a computer bezel with a shutter which is securely attached to the computer bezel after being opened.

Bao-an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province

Hong Fu Jin Precision Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.


A process of making an absorbent article is disclosed. A liquid permeable topsheet web extending substantially continuously in a machine direction a backsheet web, and an intermediate layer are provided. The topsheet web has first and second surfaces. The backsheet web extends substantially continuously in the machine direction. The intermediate layer has a first and second surface. The topsheet and intermediate layer are aligned in a face to face relationship such that the second surface of the topsheet in in contact with the first surface of the intermediate layer and simultaneously mechanically deformed which combines the topsheet with the intermediate layer. The topsheet web and intermediate layer are nested together such that a majority of the three-dimensional protrusions formed in the topsheet web coincide with and fit together with a majority of the three-dimensional protrusions formed in the intermediate layer to provide a topsheet/intermediate layer laminate web having three-dimensional protrusions.

An absorbent article typically comprises a topsheet, a backsheet, and an absorbent core disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet. The absorbent article includes an acquisition layer and optionally a distribution layer. The acquisition layer is able to receive the liquid bodily exudates from the topsheet in order to temporary store them. Then, the distribution layer can receive the liquid bodily exudates from the acquisition layer and distribute and transfer them to the absorbent core in order to make efficient the use of the absorbent core. Such absorbent articles exhibit satisfactory fluid handling properties.
Three-dimensional topsheets have been developed; see for example U.S. Patent application US 2014/0121625 A1.
There still remains a need to further improve three-dimensional topsheets.
There is a need to develop a method to prepare a skin facing layer having a three-dimensional structure for an absorbent article providing improved fluid handling properties e.g. less rewet on the skin facing layer, while the physical and perceptional comfort of the wearer are still met.
There is also a need to produce a skin facing layer having a three-dimensional structure in order to reduce the contact of the liquid bodily exudates with the skin of the wearer. It is desirable as well that the skin facing layer shall provide a softness/cushiness feeling for the caregiver and the wearer.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Process for making an absorbent article comprising a topsheet/acquisition layer laminate


An MRI system produces magnetic field gradients along physical axes during a patient scan. The gradients are specified as logical gradient waveforms in a pulse sequence and these are stored in a logical vector table. A physical vector table is produced by rotating amplitude values in the logical vector table, and the resulting rotated amplitude values are used to calculate the heating in each gradient axis of the MRI system.

The field of the invention is nuclear magnetic resonance imaging methods and systems. More particularly, the invention relates to the production of gradient fields used in imaging and spectroscopy pulse sequences.
When a substance such as human tissue is subjected to a uniform magnetic field (polarizing field B.sub.0), the individual magnetic moments of the spins in the tissue attempt to align with this polarizing field, but precess about it in random order at their characteristic Larmor frequency. If the substance, or tissue, is subjected to a magnetic field (excitation field B,) which is in the x-y plane and which is near the Larmor frequency, the net aligned moment, M.sub.z, may be rotated, or "tipped", into the x-y plane to produce a net transverse magnetic moment M.sub.t. A signal is emitted by the excited spins after the excitation signal B.sub.1 is terminated, this signal may be received and processed to form an image.
When utilizing these signals to produce images, magnetic field gradients (G.sub.x G.sub.y and G.sub.z) are employed. Typically, the region to be imaged is scanned by a sequence of measurement cycles in which these gradients vary according to the particular localization method being used. The resulting set of received NMR signals are digitized and processed to reconstruct the image using one of many well known reconstruction techniques.
The present invention will be described with reference to a variant of the well known Fourier transform (FT) imaging technique, which is frequently referred to as "spin-warp". The spin-warp technique is discussed in an article entitled "Spin-Warp NMR Imaging and Applications to Human Whole-Body Imaging" by W. A. Edelstein et al., Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 25, pp. 751-756 (1980). It employs a variable amplitude phase encoding magnetic field gradient pulse prior to the acquisition of NMR spin-echo signals to phase encode spatial information in the direction of this gradient. In a two-dimensional implementation (2DFT), for example, spatial information is encoded in one direction by applying a phase encoding gradient (G.sub.y) along that direction, and then a spin-echo signal is acquired in the presence of a readout magnetic field gradient (G.sub.x) in a direction orthogonal to the phase encoding direction. The readout gradient present during the spin-echo acquisition encodes spatial information in the orthogonal direction. In a typical 2DFT pulse sequence, the magnitude of the phase encoding gradient pulse G.sub.y is incremented (.DELTA.G.sub.y) in the sequence of views that are acquired during the scan to produce a set of NMR data from which an entire image can be reconstructed.
The imaging gradients are produced by gradient amplifiers that drive coils which produce magnetic fields having gradients directed along physical axes. Typically, three gradient amplifiers with corresponding coils produce gradient fields directed along three orthogonal axes, x, y, and z. These are "physical" axes because they are fixed with respect to the MRI system geometry.
MRI pulse sequences are defined by the gradient fields and the RF fields that are to be produced during each NMR measurement. The gradient fields are defined by gradient waveforms produced along three orthogonal axes. For example, a slice-selecting gradient may be applied along one axis; a phase encoding gradient may be produced along another, orthogonal axis; and a readout gradient may be produced along yet another orthogonal axis. These "logical" axes may correspond to the physical axes on the MRI system for one orientation of the slice or volume to be images (e.g. a transverse plane), but as a general matter they do not. When the MRI pulse sequence is performed on an MRI system, therefore, each logical gradient field may be produced by the combination of one to three of the physical gradient fields, depending on the prescribed orientation of the image to be acquired.
When a pulse sequence is executed during a patient scan the logical gradient waveforms are converted into physical gradient waveforms for driving the gradient amplifiers on the MRI system. This is performed by a matrix rotation of the logical gradient waveforms. As described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,743,851, the logical gradient is stored as a series of points which represent the amplitude of the gradient at successive time increments (e.g. every 4 microseconds) during the pulse sequence. These points are read out of memory in sequence and multiplied by three rotation factors to rotate the logical gradient into each of the three physical axes. For three logical gradient waveforms, this involves nine multiplications and additions for every time increment of the pulse sequence.
One of the practical limitations of MRI systems is the heat dissipation capacity of gradient amplifiers and coils. Pulse sequences can often be shortened to reduce total scan time by increasing the amplitude of a gradient. Unfortunately, higher amplitude gradients produced at a higher repetition rate also produce more heat. As a result, gradient heating often limits the extent to which a pulse sequence can be shortened.
Prior to the commencement of a scan it is desirable to calculate the amount of gradient heating that will occur to insure that limits are not exceeded. Since the logical gradient waveforms are stored as a series of amplitude points, it is relatively easy to integrate the logical waveforms over the duration of the pulse sequence and determine the amount of heat each will produce. This does not necessarily reveal, however, how much heating will occur in the physical amplifiers and coils because the waveforms may be changed considerably during the rotation into the physical axes. The computations necessary to rotate the logical gradient waveforms and calculate heating in each physical axis is substantial and not usually performed in state-of-the-art MRI systems. As a result, gradient pulse amplitudes are often unnecessarily derated to insure that heating problems do not occur.

Method for producing physical gradient waveforms in magnetic resonance imaging


A mechanism for allowing a single physical IB node to virtualize a plurality of host channel adapters is provided. This includes providing the appearance of both a router and multiple virtual HCA's residing behind that router, to the external REAL subnet components. Each virtual host channel adapter will have unique access control levels. One or more InfiniBand subnets are virtualized in such a way that nodes residing both within the virtual subnets and in separate physical subnets are completely unaware of the virtualization. This virtualization of InfiniBand subnets significantly increases the horizontal scaling capabilities of a single InfiniBand physical component, while at the same time provides “native” network throughput for all the virtual hosts.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to communications between computer systems and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for a single InfiniBand chip which can support end node partitioning by enabling virtualization of an InfiniBand Host Channel Adapter (HCA) and router components.
2. Description of Related Art
In a System Area Network (SAN), the hardware provides a message passing mechanism which can be used for Input/Output devices (I/O) and interprocessor communications between general computing nodes (IPC). Consumers access SAN message passing hardware by posting send/receive messages to send/receive work queues on a SAN channel adapter (CA). The send/receive work queues (WQ) are assigned to a consumer as a queue pair (QP). The messages can be sent over five different defined transport types: Reliable Connected (RC), Reliable datagram (RD), Unreliable Connected (UC), Unreliable Datagram (UD), and Raw Datagram (RawD). In addition, there is a set of manufacturer definable operation codes that allow for different companies to define custom packets that still have the same routing header layouts. Consumers retrieve the results of the defined messages from a completion queue (CQ) through SAN send and receive work completions (WC). The manufacturer definable operations are not defined as to whether or not they use the same queuing structure as the defined packet types. Regardless of the packet type, the source channel adapter takes care of segmenting outbound messages and sending them to the destination. The destination channel adapter takes care of reassembling inbound messages and placing them in the memory space designated by the destination's consumer. Two channel adapter types are present, a host channel adapter (HCA) and a target channel adapter (TCA). The host channel adapter is used by general purpose computing nodes to access the SAN fabric. Consumers use SAN verbs to access host channel adapter functions. The software that interprets verbs and directly accesses the channel adapter is known as the channel interface (CI).
The InfiniBand network is broken up into separate autonomous management units (each containing multiple IB nodes) called subnets. InfiniBand components are assigned a Global Identifier (GID) during initialization. The GID is used to uniquely identify the target component both within and across IB subnets. Communications among components that reside in different IB subnets are provided by including an additional header called a Global Routing Header (GRH) being included in every IB packet, defining both the source and the destination addresses/nodes. These additional addresses allow routers that span subnets to determine the path that is to be taken for the packet to reach its ultimate destination (i.e. target GID). Unlike within subnet communications where a direct path can be obtained to the target (i.e. LID), cross subnet communications typically requires one or more hops through intermediate router(s).
InfiniBand does not define a mechanism that allows a single physical IB node (e.g. a host channel adapter) to transparently implement one or more entire IB subnets. However, a single physical IB node transparently implementing one or more entire IB subnets becomes a highly desirable feature, especially for environments where a large number of servers (e.g., Linux) are implemented within a single physical machine (e.g., IBM's z/VM).
Therefore, a mechanism is needed in environments containing a large number of servers to allow economies of scale cost reductions to be achieved by sharing a single physical IB node across potentially many server images. This mechanism must not incur significant mainline processing overheads and must allow the resulting overall solution to be competitive within the marketplace.

End node partitioning using virtualization

International Business Machines Corporation