According to one aspect of the invention, methods and systems for operating a magnetic storage media drive to perform read/write operations to magnetic storage media in an overwrite protected mode are provided. In one example, a method includes receiving a write request and associated write data and determining if the magnetic storage medium is overwrite protected. If the storage medium is overwrite protected the method includes writing the write data to the storage medium followed by an EOD marker associated with the end of the write data, allowing write operations to the storage medium after previously written data, and preventing write operations to the storage medium prior to previous EOD markers.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to magnetic storage devices and systems, and more particularly to methods and systems for overwrite protected or archive magnetic storage devices such as storage tape cartridges.
2. Description of the Related Art
Magnetic storage devices remain a viable solution for the storage and retrieval of large amounts of data. The use of half-inch magnetic tape cartridges, e.g., such as digital linear tape ("DLT") or linear tape open ("LTO") formats, is well known in the art. Generally, a magnetic storage tape is streamed by a magnetic data transducer head and data is recorded along multiple closely spaced tracks on the tape. The tape may be similarly streamed by the transducer head to read back the stored data. Magnetic storage devices are generally read/write capable and may be erased and written over many times during their lifetime.
In some instances users desire to store data in a non rewritable manner, e.g., such that the data is recorded to the storage device and further writing to the storage device is prevented. This format is typically referred to as a Write Once Read Many (or "WORM") format. Typically, WORM formatted storage devices allow a single write operation and are thereafter a read-only storage device. For example, after data is written to the storage medium of the device, the data cannot be erased, modified, or overwritten by the drive. Optical storage devices such as compact discs are more frequently utilized as WORM media because they generally store information in a permanent form by creating non-removable pits in the media surface.
WORM storage devices are often desirable for protection against accidental or intentional modifications of the data. In other cases, WORM storage devices may be used to satisfy certain regulatory agencies, e.g., relating to financial or medical data storage uses. Accordingly, WORM storage devices are often referred to as "archival" storage devices, where the intent is that the stored data remain secure and unaltered.
Traditionally, data preservation problems have been addressed by providing physical switches, locks, slides, or the like that prevent a drive from recording to a storage medium after the switch has been moved to a WORM mode. For example, a drive may record information to the storage device with the switch in a first position allowing the drive to write to the storage device. Moving the switch to a second write protected position makes the storage device "read-only," e.g., where a suitable drive recognizes the write protected position and is prevented from writing to the storage device. Standard magnetic tape cartridges, such as DLT cartridges, include a record switch that when in a proper position prevents a DLT drive from writing to the storage tape and thereby allows a DLT tape to become read only. The record slide switch, however, may be intentionally or inadvertently reversed to make the media writeable once again. Once the storage device is writeable, data stored thereon can be easily lost or altered if the system overwrites new data over the previously stored data.
In other examples, a record switch is more permanent, for example, a tab that breaks away to make the device read only or a record slide that permanently locks in place. Such permanent "read only" solutions, however, have several drawbacks related to magnetic storage cartridge devices. Once a storage cartridge is dedicated as read only, additional data can not be recorded to any remaining storage capacity of the tape. Accordingly, tape utilization is generally inefficient, especially with the massive storage capacities of typical storage cartridges. For example, files that are desirably stored on a WORM device are often much smaller than the capacity of the WORM device resulting in large amounts of unused and inaccessible storage capacity. The lost storage capacity increases the number of storage devices and cost for storing a given amount of data in a protected manner. Additionally, the increase in storage devices for a given amount of data may slow data access time because the data is stored on a greater number of storage devices, requiring more load/unload operations.
Additionally, archive storage functions are often satisfied with special cartridges (distinct from standard read/write cartridges) and compatible tape drives. For example, a cartridge may include certain characteristics such as size, surface features, cartridge leader features, data format, and the like to be recognized by the drive as a WORM device. Such systems are generally undesirable because of the additional cost of using separate cartridges and/or drives to perform write protected or archival functions.
Accordingly, methods and systems for converting an otherwise standard rewriteable magnetic storage device into an archive or write protected type storage device, and further allowing write append functions while protecting previously stored information, are desired.

Methods and systems for overwrite protected storage media


A controller for a power conversion circuit that includes an inductor, a diode, and a switch. The controller includes a counter configured to determine, based on a first voltage input to the inductor, an on-time of the diode. The on-time of the diode corresponds to an amount of time that the diode is conducting a first current to a load of the power conversion circuit. A current estimation circuit configured to estimate, based on the on-time of the diode and an on-time of the switch, an output current of the power conversion circuit. The on-time of the switch corresponds to an amount of time that the switch is conducting a second current. A pulse width modulator is configured to provide, based on the estimated output current, a gate drive signal to the switch. The gate drive signal selectively transitions the switch between an on state and an off state.

The present invention relates to switching power conversion circuits.
Electronic devices require voltage and current to operate. Generally, different electronic devices and systems have different voltage and current operating requirements. For example, some devices require a 3.3 volt supply voltage that is capable of providing up to 100 mA, and other devices require a 5 volt supply voltage that is capable of providing 1 A of current or more. Power is often provided from wall sockets or batteries that supply standard voltages and currents. Wall sockets typically provide 110 volts of AC power, and batteries provide a wide range of voltages as DC power. Accordingly, to bridge the gap between voltages and currents provided by power sources, such as wall sockets or batteries, and the voltages and currents required by different electronic devices, such as cell phones or computers, power conversion circuits are desirable.
One class of power conversion circuits includes switching power conversion circuits. Within this category there are two different types of configurations (or modes) for power conversion circuits—boost mode and buck mode. In boost mode, the output voltage is greater than the input voltage. Conversely, in buck mode, the input voltage is greater than the output voltage.
Switching power conversion circuits typically include at least one inductor for storing energy, a switch for periodically recharging the inductor, and a filter (typically a capacitor) to filter out noise from the switch. A typical switching power conversion circuit monitors output voltage and/or current levels, and generates a feedback signal. The feedback signal, in turn, is used to generate a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal for turning the switch on and off. Many power conversion circuits are configured to maintain the output voltage at a constant level across a range of output currents.
Switching power conversion circuits typically operate using feedback signals to monitor the output. Because existing techniques require monitoring of the output, extra dedicated pins on an integrated circuit are typically required to receive the feedback inputs.
Switching power conversion circuits are typically implemented using analog circuits. Analog circuits typically occupy larger areas of silicon, which increases costs. Additionally, external switches occupy external space and adds cost on the system.

Systems and methods for estimating an output current of a power conversion circuit


A generator stator used in applications where rotational speed of a rotary body varies over a wide range and a generator having a stator. The generator stator having at least two coil sets formed by winding wires, the at least two coil sets are independent of each other to form power outputs independent of each other.

For a traditional generator, a single wire is usually used to be wound into a coil of each phase of the generator (a single-phase output generator and/or a three-phase output generator), and therefore each phase has only one electric power output, i.e. a single voltage/current output. The power/voltage/current output is processed by an additional control apparatus, for example, a printed circuit board (PCB).
Each phase of the coil configuration in the traditional generator has only single power/voltage/current output, which limits the application of the generator in a railway vehicle. In the generator of the railway vehicle, the generator is driven by a rotary component (such as, a shaft and an axle) in the vehicle. The output power depends on the rotational speed of the rotary components and the higher the rotational speed, the greater the output power.
In the railway vehicle application, the speed of a vehicle may be tens of kilometers per hour to hundreds of kilometers per hour, and the generator may generate a wide range of output power. Therefore, the direct output power/voltage/current varies over a wide range.
It is difficult to process the output in a constant way by means of the control apparatus. Generally, the control apparatus can only process relatively small changes in the input voltage.
In particular, in the generator in an axle box of the railway vehicle, the output power may exceed a load limit. In this case, a particularly complex power management scheme is required to inhibit the generation of the power, so as to protect the generator and the control apparatus.


A method and device for performing a service. The method includes detecting whether a user terminal device approaches an approach recognition area, receiving identifier information from the user terminal device, when it is detected that the user terminal device approaches the approach recognition area, obtaining user information based on the identifier information, and displaying a personalized area based on the user information.

1. Field of the Invention
Systems and methods consistent with the present invention relate generally to a method for providing a user interface (UI) for each user, a method for performing a service, and a device applying the same, and more particularly, to a method for providing a UI suitable for a user by recognizing user's approach, a method for performing a service, and a device applying the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
With the development of communication technologies, en environment where various devices are connected to one another via a communication network and provide their respective services to a user is established. For example, a home network system is established in home and a conference room using an office network is established in an office. Also, the government is actively conducting a Ubiquitous (U)-city business which establishes a ubiquitous environment in a city via a network.
A device included in such a network environment is likely to be shared by several users rather than being used by one user. Therefore, a user should go through a user authentication process in order to use a specific device.
However, since the user should go through a process of inputting an ID and a password every time he or she wishes to log in, there is inconvenience in starting use of the device. Also, when the user wishes to use files stored in his or her computer using another device, the user should go through a process of accessing the computer and then copying the files stored in the computer, which also may cause inconvenience.
The user wishes to use the devices in a network environment by performing a simple process. Therefore, there is a need for a method for a user to use devices connected to a network environment more easily.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Method for providing user interface for each user, method for performing service, and device applying the same


A semiconductor memory device is disclosed in which a layer containing an organic compound is interposed between a pair of electrodes and, further, a first layer including a first metal oxide and a second layer including a second metal oxide are interposed between the pair of electrodes. One of the two layers including the metal oxide acts as a p-type semiconductor layer and the other acts as an n-type semiconductor layer. The first layer including the first metal oxide and the second layer including the second metal oxide form a p-n junction, which provides rectification characteristic to the semiconductor memory device.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a semiconductor device which stores data.
The present invention relates to a semiconductor device that includes a memory element and a circuit, which includes a thin film transistor (hereinafter referred to as a TFT), and a manufacturing method thereof.
It is to be noted that a semiconductor device in the present specification corresponds to a semiconductor device that can function as a general device by use of semiconductor characteristics, and electro-optical devices, semiconductor circuits, and electronic devices can all be considered semiconductor devices.
2. Description of the Related Art
Individual identification technology using semiconductor devices in which data is exchanged by wireless communication has been attracting attention in recent years. Individual identification technology using semiconductor devices has started to be utilized in production, management, or the like of individual objects and has started to be applied to authentication of individual people. This kind of semiconductor device is also called an RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) tag, an IC (Integrated Circuit) tag, an IC chip, an RF tag, a wireless tag, and an electronic tag.
A semiconductor device typified by an RFID tag includes a memory element for storing information, and the data stored in the memory element can be exchanged between the RFID tag and an external reader device (also referred to as a reader) by wireless communication.
With respect to RFID devices equipped with these kinds of semiconductor memory elements, improvements in memory storage capacity have been desired in recent years. Because there are limitations on the extent to which memory storage capacity can be expanded using so-called electronically addressable active matrix elements in which one memory cell is installed per switching element, passive matrix elements with a simpler structure are needed. For these kinds of electronically addressable passive matrix elements, organic memory elements using conjugated polymers have been disclosed in Patent Document 1: Japanese Published Patent Application No. 2001-503183.

Semiconductor device with metal oxides and an organic compound

Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd


A method of connecting a belt clip attachment device to a personal electronic device such as a mobile phone includes providing a belt clip attachment device for connecting the mobile phone to a belt clip, the belt clip attachment device and the rear of the mobile phone constructed so that the belt clip attachment device connects to the rear side of the mobile phone through a push and twist action on the belt clip attachment device; and connecting the belt clip attachment device to the rear side of the mobile phone by pushing and twisting the belt clip attachment device relative to the rear side of the mobile phone.

Belt clips and belt clip attachment devices have been proposed in the past for connecting a mobile phone to the belt of a user. These belt clips and attachment devices have suffered from a number drawbacks, some of which include: the belt clips are too large and bulk, making them uncomfortable and obtrusive; use of the mobile phone with the belt clip often requires extra material on the sides of the mobile phone to attach the mobile phone to the belt clip (this is fine when the mobile phone is attached to the belt clip, but when the mobile phone is being used, the extra material makes the mobile phone bulky); often the belt clip is specific for a particular type of mobile phone, making the belt clip inoperable with other mobile phones; some belt clip attachment devices are difficult to install and/or difficult to remove from the mobile phone; the design of some belt clips and belt clip attachment devices inadvertently allows the mobile phone to pop off of the belt clip.

Belt clip attachment device and method of use


In some embodiments, two light beams having different frequencies can be counter-propagated through an atomic absorber having an atomic transition frequency approximately equal to the sum of the frequencies of the two beams. When the beams are appropriately tuned, the atomic absorber absorbs significant amount of light of at least the lower power beam. The amount of light remaining after the absorber is an indication of how well the frequencies are tuned to the absorber. At least one of the beam frequencies has an FM modulation applied prior to the absorber. This means the phase of the remaining light compared to the FM modulation, along with the intensity of the remaining light, can be used to provide a first feedback signal to adjust the frequencies of the beams to match the absorber frequency. Finally, both beams have amplitude modulation applied before the absorber. Comparing the response of the first feedback signal to the AM modulation frequency generates an intensity ratio feedback signal used to adjust the power of at least one of the beams and realize the zero light shift condition.

Atomic frequency references can fall into two general categories—microwave frequency references and optical frequency references. Optical frequency references have higher clock frequencies than microwave references. This higher clock frequency gives optical frequency references a higher accuracy than microwave frequency references. For many commercial applications, there is often a desire to have simple configurations. Rubidium-based clocks are good candidates for practical reasons. First, there is an existing robust technology for existing lasers. For example, the lasers that are used to excite the atoms are used in other areas (e.g., the telecom domain). Second, the technology is fairly simple and provides performance sufficient for many applications.
In order to stabilize an oscillator to the atomic transition, and realize the clock, the systems need to probe the atomic transition with a probe light. However, the moment the atoms are exposed to the probe light, the light itself changes the transition frequency due to the AC Stark shift, or light shift, effect. Depending on the intensity of the light, different transition frequencies can occur (e.g., higher the intensity, the higher the transition frequency). This is bad for a frequency reference as it is dependent on the probe light intensity. As such, the probe light intensity needs to be highly controlled making the clock more complicated.
Various traditional systems can use the laser and simultaneously detect the laser power with a photodiode to stabilize the laser power in hopes this translates to a stable laser intensity where the atoms are located. However, stable power in one location does not necessarily mean stable intensity in another. In addition, the photodetector is external, so it is not necessarily that the atoms are exposed to the same light intensity as the photodetector.

Two-photon optical frequency reference with active AC stark shift cancellation

The Regents of the University of Colorado, a body corporate


A semiconductor device comprises a semiconductor substrate, a first transistor including a gate insulating film and a gate electrode sequentially formed on the semiconductor substrate, a sidewall, an interlayer insulating film formed on the semiconductor substrate, and a contact plug which penetrates through the interlayer insulating film and reaches the semiconductor substrate. The sidewall is formed on a side surface of the gate electrode, and includes a first insulating film and a second insulating film formed on the first insulating film and containing a metal oxide different from the first insulating film.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
In JP2000-216373 A1, there is described a method for forming a MOS transistor on a semiconductor substrate. In the document, a gate electrode is formed on the substrate with interposed a gate insulating film therebetween. An LDD region is then formed by forming a first sidewall on each side surface of the gate electrode and using the gate electrode and the first sidewalls as a mask to implant ions into the substrate. Using the first sidewalls suppresses thermal diffusion of impurities introduced by the ion implantation into the substrate under the gate electrode, thereby reducing gate-drain capacitance. Further, a source and a drain are formed by forming a second sidewall on the exterior side surface of each of the first sidewalls and using the gate electrode and the first and second sidewalls as a mask to implant ions into the substrate. In JP2000-216373 A1, each of the first and second sidewalls is formed of an insulating film made of silicon oxide or silicon nitride.

Semiconductor device and method for manufacturing the same


There is described a multi-layer printed circuit board and a method of installing it. The circuit board includes a first signal layer formed on its obverse surface; a ground layer arranged at a position next to the first signal layer; an electronic power source layer arranged at a position next to the ground layer; and a second signal layer formed on its reverse surface. The first and second patterns are formed around peripheral areas of the first and second signal layers, respectively. The first ground pattern and the second ground pattern are electrically coupled to each other by plural through holes, and the multi-layer printed circuit board is installed on an electro-conductive housing in such a manner that a substantially whole area of the second ground pattern electrically contacts a mounting area of the electro-conductive housing, the mounting area being an electro-conductive area continuously coupled to the electro-conductive housing.

The present invention relates to a method of installing a printed circuit board onto an electro-conductive housing, so as to prevent the printed circuit board from emitting electromagnetic wave noise.
FIG. 1(a) and FIG. 1(b) show a conventional method for installing a printed circuit board onto an electro-conductive housing. In order to reduce an electromagnetic wave noise (EMI) emitted from the printed circuit board, the ground pattern formed on a signal layer of the printed circuit board is electrically coupled to the electro-conductive housing of the electronic apparatus.
As shown in the plan view of FIG. 1(a), the conventional printed circuit board is mounted onto the electro-conductive housing by fastening four metal screws through the installation holes located at the four corners of the printed circuit board.
FIG. 1(b) shows a cross sectional view of the installation hole and its peripheral. Since the inner surface of the installation hole is treated with a through-hole metal coating, the ground pattern of the signal layer on the obverse surface and the inner ground layer in the printed circuit board are electrically coupled to the metal post.
FIG. 2 shows a partial plain view of the printed circuit board, in which the inner surface of the installation hole is finished without a through-hole metal coating. In this configuration, the ground pattern of the signal layer on the obverse surface is coupled to the inner ground layer by forming a lot of through holes around the periphery of the installation hole.
As shown in a plain view of the printed circuit board shown in FIG. 3, it has been well known as a conventional technique to increase a number of connecting points between the printed circuit board and the electro-conductive housing, in order to improve an electro-magnetic noise reduction effect.
The electro-magnetic noise reduction effect caused by connecting the ground pattern of the signal layer on the printed circuit board to the electro-conductivity housing lays on the two reasons described as follow:    (1) Since the area of the ground pattern in the signal layer equivalently increases, a capacitance between the ground layer and the earth would increase, resulting in a reduction of voltage fluctuations on the ground layer.    (2) In the printed circuit board having more than four layers, a power source layer, the ground layer and the electro-conductive housing are laminated in an order of the ground layer, the power source layer and the electro-conductive housing. Accordingly, since the power source layer is structurally shielded by the two other layers, the electro-magnetic noises emitted from the gap between the power source layer and the ground layer are reduced. The lager the number of installation points is, the grater the shielding effect is, resulting in a further noise reduction.
By connecting the ground layer of the printed circuit board to the electro-conductive housing, however, sometimes the electromagnetic noises adversely increase. The reasons of this will be detailed in the following.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view, which shows the state that a printed circuit board is installed on the electro-conductive housing.
As shown in FIG. 4, by connecting the ground layer of the printed circuit board to the electro-conductive housing, a resonance would occur in the loop between connecting points. Accordingly, for instance, when the printed circuit board is mounted on the electro-conductive housing by employing the screws arranged in intervals of every 15 cm, the loop distance becomes 30 cm, resulting in the resonance at 1 GHz. Therefore, the noise reduction effect at this frequency cannot be exhibited, but the electro-magnetic noise component residing at this frequency would be adversely emphasized, possibly resulting in an occurrence of great amount of electromagnetic noises.
Generally speaking, since harmonics of clock signals mainly comprise odd-number harmonic components and the energy included in up to ninth harmonics is great, it should be prevented that the resonance occurs at the tenth harmonic frequency component.
In late years, since the clock frequency becomes high and the clock frequency of 100 MHz is generally employed in computer apparatus, it is necessary to set the resonance frequency larger than 1 GHz. To attain this goal, it is necessary to connect the printed circuit board to the electro-conductive housing at an interval smaller than 15 cm. (references: "EMC Design of Print Circuit", published by Ohmsha)
The technology for solving the abovementioned problem is also set forth in Tokkai 2000-183533.
According to the abovementioned technology, since the ground layers are disposed at upper and lower sides of the power supply layer of the multi-layer printed circuit board, and the upper and lower ground layer are coupled to each other through the through holes established at an outer circumferential area of the power supply layer, the electro-magnetic noises emitted from a gap between the power supply layer and the ground layer can be reduced. However, when this technology is applied to the normal 4-layer printed circuit board, additional layers for the ground layers are necessary and, as a result, a 6-layer printed circuit board would be required. This fact is disadvantageous for its cost reduction aspect.
Further, another technology for improvement is set forth in Tokkai 2001-210922. This technology employs the electro-conductive housing, instead of the second ground layer set forth in Tokkai 2000-210922. According to this technology, in order to connect the ground to the electro-conductive housing, the ground pattern is continuously formed along the outer circumferential area of the outer layer of the printed circuit board, and is coupled to the ground of the inner layer through a lot of through holes, so that the power supply layer is electronically shielded by continuously coupling the ground pattern located at the outer circumferential area to the electro-conductive housing with a metal post or a metal plate. This is a superior technology, which effectively utilizes the electro-conductive housing for the low-cost 4-layer printed circuit board to have the same effect as set forth in Tokkai 2000-210922.
Patent Document 1: Tokkai 2000-183533, Scope of the claims
Patent Document 2: Tokkai 2001-210922, Scope of the claims
Non-Patent Document 1: "EMC Design of Printed Circuit Board" published by ohm publishing Co., LTD.
The prior art of "PRINTED WIRING BOARD AND PRINTED WIRING BOARD IMPLEMENTATION STRUCTURE" set forth in Tokkai 2001-210922 would be an effective technology when the size of the housing is approximately equal to that of the printed wiring board, but is insufficient for the printed circuit board mounted on a big housing.
FIG. 5 shows a figure explaining an outflow of a common mode electric current caused by resonance. FIG. 6 shows a characteristic curve of the electromagnetic noise level versus frequency.
Even if the whole outer circumferential area of printed circuit board is connected to the electro-conductive housing, when the size of the housing is larger than that of printed circuit board as shown in FIG. 5, a resonance phenomenon is generated at a specific frequency f0 by the common mode electric current flowing on the outer surface of the electro-conductive housing as shown in FIG. 6, resulting in a cause of the electro-magnetic noises. In other words, although the electro-magnetic noise emission from the gap between the power supply layer and the ground layer can be eliminated, it is impossible to prevent the electromagnetic noise emission caused by the common mode electric current flowing in the electro-conductive housing itself.

Printed circuit board and method for installing printed circuit board onto electro-conductive housing


Cosmetic compositions comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, at least one film-forming polymer and at least one water-superabsorbent polymer in the form of water-swelled particles, the mean size of which is at least about 0.5 mm. Procedures for making-up a keratinous material comprising applying the composition onto the keratinous material.

The present invention is generally directed to cosmetic compositions comprising at least one film-forming polymer and particles of at least one water-superabsorbent polymer. The present invention is also directed to procedures for making-up a keratinous material. The present compositions and making-up procedures may be used for making-up a keratinous material such as skin, including the lips and scalp, and integuments such as the nails, hair, eyelashes and eyebrows of human beings. The present compositions may take the form of make-up for the body, facial skin, ears, including the lobe, as well as the lips, eyelashes, nails, and hair.
Make-up products are generally used to impart color, to highlight certain parts of the skin or integuments, or to obtain a glossy, matte, or satin appearance on the skin or integuments. Such products are usually applied in the form of a thin, uniform layer.
The use of aqueous dispersions of film-forming polymers to impart to the make-up product good durability on the skin or integuments is known. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,639,572 describes a make-up composition comprising an aqueous dispersion of polymer such as polyacrylate esters. After drying, this composition is said to leave a film of good durability on the skin. As another example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,158,053 describes nail varnishes comprising an aqueous dispersion of acrylic polymer for forming a film to adhere to the nails.
With the progress of fashion, consumers have become more demanding, and today desire new make-up products to produce original or special results, such as visible transformations of the made-up face or body. However, the make-up compositions currently available on the market generally produce a uniform and smooth film, but not make-up in relief, or in three-dimensional form. A need therefore exists for a make-up product that on application to the skin or integuments results in a make-up effect different from the uniform and smooth films currently obtained with the products available on the market.
The present invention is directed to make-up compositions that can produce a three-dimensional, or relief, make-up on the skin and on the integuments. The inventors have surprisingly found that a new type of make-up for a keratinous material can be obtained by producing a composition comprising at least one film-forming polymer and particles of at least one water-superabsorbent polymer. The compositions according to the invention thus lead to the formation of a three-dimensional deposit on the keratinous materials. The three-dimensional deposit is obtained on application of the present compositions onto keratinous materials. This deposit contains individual particles of the at least one water-superabsorbent polymer, which can resemble crystals, and which can give the appearance of jewels. In this way, it is possible to create the appearance of jewels on the skin and the integuments without using expensive precious stones. And, the compositions of the present invention have the added benefit of thickening eyelashes upon application.
The present invention is directed to a cosmetic composition comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, at least one film-forming polymer, in combination with at least one water-superabsorbent polymer in the form of water-swelled particles having a mean size of at least about 0.5 mm. The present invention is also directed to a cosmetic procedure for making-up a keratinous material comprising application of a composition, such as those described herein, onto the keratinous material. An embodiment of the present invention is further directed to the use of a composition, such as those described herein, to obtain a make-up for a keratinous material, which creates the appearance of crystals and/or jewels.
An embodiment of the present invention is also directed to the use, in a cosmetic composition, of at least one film-forming polymer and of particles of at least one water-superabsorbent polymer in the form of water-swelled particles having a mean size of at least about 0.5 mm, to obtain a make-up for keratinous materials that presents the appearance of crystals and/or jewels. Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to the use of compositions, such as defined herein, to thicken the eyelashes. The present invention is further directed to the use, in a cosmetic composition, of at least one film-forming polymer and of particles of at least one water-superabsorbent polymer in the form of water-swelled particles having a mean size of at least about 0.5 mm, to thicken the eyelashes.
As used herein, xe2x80x9cwater-superabsorbent polymerxe2x80x9d defines a polymer capable in its dry state of absorbing and retaining at least 20 times its weight in distilled water, and generally, in aqueous fluids. These polymers have a large capacity for absorption and retention of water, and of aqueous fluids generally. After absorption of the aqueous fluid, the particles of the polymer thus impregnated with aqueous fluid remain insoluble in the aqueous fluid and thus retain their individual particulate state. Water-superabsorbent polymers are generally described, for example, in Absorbent Polymer technology, Studies in polymer science 8 (L. Brannon- Pappas and R. Harland, eds., Elsevier, 1990).
As used herein, spontaneous absorption is intended to mean an absorption time of up to about 30 minutes. The water-superabsorbent polymer may have a water-absorbing capacity of from 20 times to about 2000 times its own weight (i.e., 20 g to about 2000 g of water absorbed per gram of absorbent polymer). In certain embodiments, the water-absorbing capacity of the polymer may range from about 30 to about 1500 times its own weight, or from about 50 to about 1000 times its own weight. These water-absorbing properties are defined under normal conditions of temperature (25xc2x0 C.) and pressure (760 mm Hg, i.e., 100,000 Pa) and for distilled water.
The size of the water-superabsorbent polymer particles mentioned is the size of these particles after swelling of the polymer in water. The water-superabsorbent polymer particles, swelled with water, have a mean size greater than about 0.5 mm, and their size generally ranges from about 0.5 mm to about 20 mm. In certain embodiments, the size may also range from about 1 mm to about 15 mm or from about 3 mm to about 10 mm.
Examples of water-superabsorbent polymers include, but are not limited to:
polymers resulting from polymerization with partial crosslinking of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers, such as acrylic or vinylic polymers, and such polymers would include crosslinked and neutralized polyacrylates;
starch-grafted polyacrylates;
acrylamide/acrylic acid copolymers, including sodium salts of such polymers;
starch-grafted acrylamide/acrylic acid, including sodium and potassium salts of such polymers;
isobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymers;
sodium and potassium salts of carboxymethylcellulose;
crosslinked salts of polyaspartic acid; and
chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone and chitosan/polyethyleneimine combinations.
Commercially available water-superabsorbent polymers include, but are not limited to:
crosslinked sodium or potassium polyacrylates, sold under the names SALSORB CL10, SALSORB CL20, xe2x80x9cFSA type 101,xe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9cFSA type 102,xe2x80x9d by the company Allied Colloids, ARASORB S-310, from Arakawa Chemical, xe2x80x9cASAP 2000xe2x80x9d and ARIDALL 1460, from Chemdal, xe2x80x9cKI-gel 201K,xe2x80x9d from Siber Hegner, AQUALIC CA W3, AQUALIC CA W7, and AQUALIC CA W10, from Nippon Shokubai, AQUA KEEP D 50, AQUA KEEP D 60, AQUA KEEP D 65, AQUA KEEP S 30, AQUA KEEP S 35, AQUA KEEP S 45, AQUA KEEP A1 M1, and AQUA KEEP A1 M3, from Atochem, and SANWET IM-5000D, from Hoechst Celanese;
starch-grafted polyacrylates, sold under the names SANWET IM-100, SANWET IM-3900, and SANWET IM-5000S, from Hoechst;
starch-grafted acrylamide/acrylic acid copolymers, in the form of the sodium or potassium salt, sold under the names WATERLOCK A-100, WATERLOCK A-200, WATERLOCK D-200, and WATERLOCK B-204, from Grain Processing Corporation;
acrylamide/acrylic acid copolymers, in the form of the sodium salt, sold under the name WATERLOCK G-400, from Grain Processing Corporation;
isobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymer, sold under the name xe2x80x9cKI Gel-201 Kxe2x80x9d;
carboxymethylcellulose, sold under the name AQUASORB A250, from Aqualon; and
chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone combinations, sold under the name xe2x80x9cHydrogel AQUATRIX 2,xe2x80x9d and chitosan/polyethyleneimine combinations, sold under the name xe2x80x9cHydrogel AQUATRIX 3,xe2x80x9d from Hydromer.
The water-superabsorbent polymer may be present in the inventive compositions in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, or from about 0.5 to about 40% by weight, or from about 1 to about 30% by weight.
The compositions according to the invention contain at least one film-forming polymer to provide for cohesion and holding of the water-superabsorbent polymer particles on the keratinous materials. Owing to the film-forming property of the polymer, this polymer is different from the water-superabsorbent polymer, which is not film-forming.
As used herein, xe2x80x9cfilm-forming polymerxe2x80x9d is intended to mean a polymer capable of forming by itself, or in the presence of an auxiliary film-forming agent, a film, which may be continuous, adhering to a support, such as to a keratinous material. A film-forming polymer in the form of particles in aqueous dispersion, generally known under the name of latex or pseudolatex, may be used. Film-forming polymers that may be used in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, synthetic polymers of the radical type or polycondensate type, polymers of natural origin, and mixtures thereof. A xe2x80x9cradicalxe2x80x9d film-forming polymer is intended to mean a polymer that may be obtained from ethylenically unsaturated monomers, each monomer being capable of homopolymerizing (i.e., this is in contradistinction to polycondensates).
Film-forming polymers of the radical type may be vinylic polymers or copolymers, and may be acrylic polymers. A vinylic film-forming polymer may be produced by the polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers having at least one acid group and/or of esters of these acidic monomers and/or of amides of these acid monomers. As monomers bearing an acid group, xcex1,xcex2-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids including, but not limited to, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid and itaconic acid, may be used. (Meth)acrylic acid and crotonic acid, or more simply (meth)acrylic acid, may be used in certain embodiments.
The esters of acidic monomers may be selected, for example, from esters of (meth)acrylic acid (also called (meth)acrylates). This group includes, but is not limited to, alkyl, such as C1-C20 or C1-C8 alkyl (meth)acrylates, aryl, such as C6-C10 aryl (meth)acrylates, and hydroxyalkyl, such as C2-C6 hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates. Among the alkyl (meth)acrylates, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, and lauryl methacrylate are provided as nonlimiting examples. Among the hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates, hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate are provided as nonlimiting examples. And among the aryl (meth)acrylates, benzyl acrylate and phenyl acrylate are provided as nonlimiting examples. In certain embodiments, alkyl (meth)acrylates are the esters of (meth)acrylic acid that are used.
According to the present invention, the alkyl group of the esters may be fluorinated, and for example, may be perfluorinated. That is, fluorine atoms may replace some or all of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl groups.
As nonlimiting examples of amides of acidic monomers, (meth)acrylamides, including N-alkyl, such as C2-C12 alkyl (meth)acrylamides, are provided. Among the N-alkyl (meth)acrylamides, N-ethylacrylamide, N-t-butylacrylamide and N-t-octylacrylamide are provided as nonlimiting examples.
Vinylic film-forming polymers may also result from the homopolymerization or copolymerization of monomers such as vinyl esters and/or styrenic monomers. These monomers may be polymerized with acidic monomers and/or esters thereof and/or amides thereof, and those mentioned above are provided as nonlimiting examples. Vinyl esters include, but are not limited to, vinyl acetate, vinyl neodecanoate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl benzoate, and vinyl t-butylbenzoate. Styrenic monomers include, but are not limited to, styrene and alpha-methylstyrene.
The list of monomers provided herein is not limiting and it is, of course, possible to use any monomer that comes within the categories of acrylic and/or vinylic monomers, including monomers modified with a silicone chain.
Commercially available acrylic film-forming polymers usable according to the invention include, but are not limited to, NEOCRYL XK-90(copyright), NEOCRYL A-1070(copyright), NEOCRYL A-1090(copyright), NEOCRYL BT-62(copyright), NEOCRYL A-1079(copyright), and NEOCRYL A-523(copyright), from Avecia-Neoresins, and Dow Latex 432(copyright), from Dow Chemical.
Polycondensates usable as film-forming polymers include, but are not limited to, anionic, cationic, non-ionic and amphoteric polyurethanes, polyurethane-acrylics, polyurethane-polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyester-polyurethanes, polyether-polyurethanes, polyureas, polyurea/polyurethanes, and mixtures thereof can also be used.
As nonlimiting examples, the at least one film-forming polymer may be chosen from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic polyurethanes, polyurea/urethanes, and polyurea copolymers. These polymers may include sequences derived from aliphatic monomers, cycloaliphatic monomers, and aromatic polyester monomers, branched and unbranched silicone sequences, such as polydimethyl-siloxane and polymethylphenylsiloxane, and sequences having fluorinated groups.
The film-forming polyurethanes such as defined in the invention can also be obtained from monomers chosen from branched and unbranched polyesters and from alkyds having mobile hydrogens that are modified by reaction with a diisocyanate and a bifunctional organic compound, such as, for example, dihydroxy, diamino, or hydroxyamino. The polyesters and alkyds may have, in addition, at least one of a carboxylic acid, a carboxylate group, a sulphonic acid, a sulphonate group, a neutralizable tertiary amine group, and a quaternary ammonium group.
Commercially available film-forming polyurethanes usable according to the invention include, but are not limited to, NEOREZ R-981(copyright) and NEOREZ R-974(copyright) by the company Avecia-Neoresins, and AVALURE UR-405(copyright), AVALURE UR-410(copyright), SANCURE 875(copyright), SANCURE 2060(copyright), AVALURE UR425(copyright), AVALURE UR-430(copyright), SANCURE 861(copyright), SANCURE 878(copyright) and AVALURE UR-450(copyright) by the company Goodrich.
Examples of film-forming polycondensates usable in the present invention include, but are not limited to, polyesters, polyester amides, fatty-chain polyesters, polyamides, and epoxy ester resins. The polyesters can be obtained, by using known procedures, by polycondensation of dicarboxylic acids with polyols, including diols.
The dicarboxylic acids may be chosen, for example, from aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic dicarboxylic acids. As nonlimiting examples of such acids: oxalic acid, malonic acid, dimethylmalonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, 2,2-dimethylglutaric acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, phthalic acid, dodecanedioic acid, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 2,5-norbornane dicarboxylic acid, diglycolic acid, thiodipropionic acid, 2,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, are provided. These dicarboxylic acid monomers may be used alone or in combinations of at least two dicarboxylic acid monomers. Among these monomers, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid may be used in certain embodiments.
Diols may be chosen from among the aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic diols, for example. Specific examples include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, and 4-butanediol. Nonlimiting examples of other polyols include glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, and trimethylolpropane.
Polyester amides may be obtained in an analogous manner to the polyesters, by polycondensation of diacids with compounds chosen from diamines and amino alcohols. Nonlimiting examples of diamines include ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, and meta- and para-phenylenediamine. As a nonlimiting example of an amino alcohol, monoethanolamine is provided.
The polyester may, in addition, contain at least one monomer bearing at least one xe2x80x94SO3M group, wherein M is chosen from hydrogen, an ammonium ion, NH4+, and metal ions, such as, for example, Na+, Li+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+.
In addition, a bifunctional aromatic monomer having such an xe2x80x94SO3M group may be used. The aromatic nucleus of the bifunctional aromatic monomer additionally bearing an xe2x80x94SO3M group may, for example, be chosen from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, diphenyl, oxydiphenyl, sulphonyidiphenyl, and methylenediphenyl groups, but it is not limited to these moieties. Examples of bifunctional aromatic monomers additionally bearing an xe2x80x94SO3M group include, but are not limited to, sulphoisophthalic acid, sulphoterephthalic acid, sulphophthalic acid, and 4-sulphonaphthalene-2,7-dicarboxylic acid.
In the compositions of the present invention, copolymers based on isophthalate/sulphoisophthalate, and copolymers obtained by condensation of diethylene glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol, isophthalic acid, and/or sulphoisophthalic acid may be used. A commercially available example of such polymers includes, but is not limited to, EASTMAN AQ, by the company Eastman Chemical Products.
The polymers of natural origin, which may be modified, may be selected from among shellac resin, sandarac gum, dammar gums, elemi gums, copal resins, water-insoluble cellulosic polymers, and mixtures thereof, for example.
Polymers resulting from radical polymerization of one or several radical monomers in the interior and/or partially on the surface of pre-existing particles of at least one polymer selected from polyurethanes, polyureas, polyesters, polyester amides and/or alkyds may also be cited. These polymers are generally called hybrid polymers.
The skilled person, on the basis of his or her general knowledge, can prepare the dispersion containing at least one, i.e., one or more, film-forming polymers.
The size of the particles of the film-forming polymer in aqueous dispersion may range from about 10 to about 500 nm, or from about 20 to about 300 nm. The film-forming polymer may be present in the inventive compositions in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 50% by weight, or from about 5% to about 40% by weight, of the dry matter of film-forming polymers relative to the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the at least one film-forming polymer and the at least one water-superabsorbent polymer are present in the inventive compositions in a polymer/polymer weight ratio of from about 5:1 to about 15:1.
The compositions of the present invention may also contain an auxiliary film-forming agent, furthering the formation of a film with the particles of the film-forming polymer. Such a film-forming agent may be selected from any of the compounds known by the skilled person to be capable of fulfilling the desired function, including plasticizers and coalescing agents.
The medium of the compositions of the invention may be an aqueous medium containing water. The water content in the compositions may range from about 3% to about 98.9% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, or from about 10% to about 90% by weight.
The present compositions may also contain a thickener. Examples of thickeners usable according to the invention include, but are not limited to:
water-soluble cellulosic thickeners such as hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, and hydroxypropylcellulose. A commercially available example includes, but is not limited to, CELLOSIZE QP 44001H, from Amercol;
guar gum, such as those sold under the name VIDOGUM GH 175, from Unipectine, and JAGUAR C, from Meyhall;
quaternized guar gum, such as JAGUAR C-13-S, from Meyhall;
non-ionic guar gums containing C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl groups. Examples include, but are not limited to, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl and hydroxybutyl. Commercially available examples include, but are not limited to, JAGUAR HP8, JAGUAR HP60 and JAGUAR HP120, JAGUAR DC 293, and JAGUAR HP 105, from Meyhall, and GALACTASOL 4H4FD2, from Aqualon.
xanthan, carob, scleroglucan, gellan, rhamsan, and karaya gums;
alginates, maltodextrin, starch and derivatives thereof, hyaluronic acid and salts thereof;
clays, such as montmorillonites, hectorites and laponites;
crosslinked polyacrylic acids such as CARBOPOL, from Goodrich;
glyceryl poly(meth)acrylate polymers, such as those sold under the names HISPAGEL or LUBRAGEL by the companies Hispano Quimica or Guardian;
polyvinylpyrrolidone;
polyvinyl alcohol;
crosslinked polymers and copolymers of acrylamide, such as those sold under the names xe2x80x9cPAS 5161xe2x80x9d or BOZEPOL C, from Hoechst, and SEPIGEL 305, from Seppic;
crosslinked methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride homopolymers, such as those sold under the name SALCARE SC95, from Allied Colloid; and
aggregating polymers, including aggregating polyurethanes.
In the compositions according to the invention, the thickener may be present in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, or from about 1% to about 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
To further the rapid drying of the composition after its application onto the skin and/or the integuments, the inventive compositions may contain drying accelerators such as volatile solvents, including water-miscible volatile organic solvents, such as ethanol. The quantity of such organic solvents is generally selected such that the viscosity of the composition is maintained in the ranges described herein. These organic solvents may be present in the inventive compositions in an amount up to about 15% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, and may range from about 0. 1% to about 15%, or the solvent may only be present at a content of up to about 10% by weight, or ranging from about 0.5% to about 10%. As used in this context, xe2x80x9cvolatilexe2x80x9d is intended to mean a compound that is generally capable of evaporating upon contact with the skin, at ambient temperature.
The inventive compositions may also contain a water-soluble colorant. For example, a water-soluble colorant may be added to the water used to swell the water-superabsorbent polymer, which can result in colored crystals giving a beautiful jewel-like appearance. Examples of water-soluble colorants include, but are not limited to, 4-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy-2,7-naphthalene-disulfonic acid disodium salt, alizarin green disodium salt, brilliant blue disodium salt, quinoline yellow, amaranth trisodium salt, tartrazine disodium salt, rhodamine monosodium salt, fuchsine disodium salt, xanthophyll, and mixtures thereof can be cited.
The compositions of the present invention may, in addition, contain other ingredients normally used in cosmetics. For example, plasticizers, coalescing agents, fillers, coloring materials such as pigments and colorants, waxes, surfactants, preservatives, oils, hydrating agents, and perfumes, all of which are well-known in the state of the technology, may be included in the composition. Of course, the skilled person will take care to select any additive or additives and/or their quantity in such a way that at least one of the advantageous properties of three-dimensional deposition on the skin and/or the integuments is retained.
The present compositions may be applied to the skin by means of any applicator, including, but not limited to, fingers, brushes, foam-tipped applicators, flocked and felt pens, paintbrushes, and spatulas. The compositions of the invention may also be applied to the skin by means of a stencil: the composition thus deposited in the cut-out parts of the stencil retains its shape after the removal of the stencil, thus giving a very decorative make-up on the skin.


A graphic material display device having a baseball bat-like shape. A centrally located shoulder and a second shoulder located adjacent one of the ends are connected by a web portion and support a transparent, hollow, cylindrical tube. Graphic material placed adjacent the web portion and within in the tube may be viewed through the tube.

The field of this invention is motivational display and is especially applicable for use with children, adolescents and young people.
Motivational displays take many forms such as posters, banners, clothing articles, and typically some form of graphic for the motivational communication. One example in the field of athletics would be to have baseballs, basketballs, footballs, volleyballs and soccerballs (or replicas thereof) having a motivational display on the exterior surface thereof.

Baseball bat styled graphic material display device


A method and a system for automatically exchanging information by wireless communication, particularly between a vehicle such as an aircraft and an information center, is proposed. The information to be exchanged concerns an amount of water for the vehicle. The amount of water on board of the vehicle is automatically measured by a device for determining the amount of water. The transmitter of a device for exchanging information at the vehicle automatically and wirelessly transmits the information concerning the current amount of water to a receiver of a device for exchanging information at an information center. New information parameters are wirelessly transmitted from the transmitter of the device for exchanging information at the information center to the receiver of the device for exchanging information at the vehicle.

The present invention relates to a method for exchanging information, and particularly for exchanging information between a vehicle such as an aircraft and an information center, the information concerning an amount of water carried in the vehicle. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a system adapted to perform such method, a vehicle comprising such system, a computer program adapted to perform such method when executed on a computer and a computer readable medium comprising such program.
For vehicles involved in any kind of passenger transportation it may be important to be able to exchange information concerning the amount of a water for the passengers with an information center. For example, in air traffic it may be advantageous to exchange information about the amount of potable water on board of an airborne aircraft during flight.
During ground service of the aircraft a ground crew inter alia has to refill the water tanks. To calculate the necessary amount of water needed in the following flight the ground crew must have access to several data, i.e. e.g. pax load of the next flight. Usually part of these data is only available at a ground station and/or on the aircraft at the flight attendant panel and it is difficult for the ground crew to access it directly after the landing of the aircraft. Also the on board crew should not be bothered with additional tasks concerning the ground service.
Accordingly, there may be a need for an improved method for exchanging information concerning the amount of water for a vehicle with an information center. Furthermore, there may be a need for a system adapted to perform such a method, a vehicle comprising such a system, a computer program adapted to perform such a method when executed on a computer and a computer readable medium comprising such a program.

Method and system for automatically exchanging information concerning an amount of water by wireless communication between a vehicle and an information center


Systems, methods and apparatus described herein include features that enable dual radio access. In one embodiment, the access point directs an access terminal through sequential measurements, which are selected by the access point based on the radio access capability of the access terminal, service preferences of the user and measurement reports. In a complementary method, an access terminal obtains the sequential measurements chosen by the access point. In another embodiment, the access point directs an access terminal through a set of measurements, which are selected by the access point based on the radio access capability of the access terminal and service preferences of the user. In another embodiment, an access terminal selects which subset of measurements to obtain based on the radio access capability of the access terminal and optionally service preferences of the user.

1. Field
The present application relates to wireless communication, and more specifically to systems, methods and devices to enable management of wireless network resources.
2. Background
Wireless networks employing packet-switched (PS) technology are deployed to provide various types of data communication services. Demand for high-rate wireless data services is driving the migration towards PS technology. Some PS networks are based on the long-term evolution (LTE) standards or similar technology, which were developed to be the next generation of wireless networks for voice and data services. But the deployment of PS networks and system resources has occurred piecemeal, often within previously available circuit-switched (CS) networks. As a result, some wireless networks contain both PS and CS system resources.
Some users prefer the quality of service (QoS) for voice service on CS system resources over the QoS for voice service on PS system resources. As a result, some wireless network carriers support a scheme known as CS fallback. CS fallback allows mobile devices to request access to CS system resources for voice service while camped on PS networks.
Some mobile devices include dual radio transceivers, which allow a mobile device to receive CS voice service and PS data service simultaneously. As a result, PS data service does not have to be terminated or suspended while a mobile device utilizes CS voice service. However, the combination of LTE PS data service and CS voice service is not always supported. Accordingly, there lies a challenge to provide a non-LTE data service in combination with CS voice service, when a mobile device is camped on an LTE network.

Resource selection for dual radio terminals


An adjustable canopy bracket for adjustably supporting a canopy to a roll bar of a vehicle, including a lower bracket plate securely positionable about a lower portion of a roll bar member of the roll bar; an upper bracket plate securely positionable about an upper portion of the roll bar member, the upper bracket plate engageable with a forward portion of the canopy; and an adjustable height mechanism engageable with a rearward portion of the canopy, the adjustable height mechanism operable with a rearward portion of the upper bracket plate, wherein adjusting the adjustable height mechanism raises and lowers the rearward portion of the canopy to provide a desired angle of the canopy relative to the roll bar member. An adjustable canopy for attaching to a roll bar of a vehicle is also disclosed and claimed.

Without limiting the scope of the present invention, its background will be described with reference to adjusting a canopy on a vehicle, as an example.
Canopies are used on many vehicles, including farm equipment and the like. Typically, these vehicles include an external roll bar or structure that prevents injury to a user of the vehicle in the case of a rollover of the vehicle. Canopies are used on these vehicle types to provide shelter to a user from sunlight and inclement weather when operating the vehicle; canopies typically do not provide protection to a user of a vehicle from rollover events. Generally, these canopies are unibody or multi-body substantially planar structures that are affixed at their rearward end to the roll bar by a bracket and extend over the seat of the vehicle.
These types of vehicles are manufactured by a many different manufacturers and accordingly, the roll bar systems employed are as varied. For example, some roll bar systems include roll bars made from square hollow structural section steel that extend in a circular or squared "loop" above the seat of the vehicle to provide the rollover protection to a user. These roll bars typically have an upper horizontal section that joins a vertical section or side on each side of the vehicle. The upper horizontal section and the two vertical sections collectively make up the roll bar. Typically, the lower end of the vertical sections of the roll bar are mounted to the vehicle body or chassis via brackets or mounts while the upper end of the vertical sections join the opposing ends of the horizontal section of the roll bar. Additionally, canopy brackets or mounts are affixed to the vertical sections of the roll bar for mounting the canopy to the roll bar. These canopy brackets also are designed individually to provide a desired horizontal canopy orientation such that the canopy is substantially horizontal relative to the ground.
An angle is formed between the longitudinal axis of the vertical sections of the roll bar and a substantially horizontal reference plane or axis. This referenced angle varies among the various vehicle manufacturers, because they do not have a uniform or standard angle for the vertical sections of the roll bars. This angle may be substantially perpendicular to a horizontal reference axis or may be slightly tilted or inclined relative to a horizontal reference axis depending on a particular manufacturer. To provide a substantially horizontal orientation of a canopy in view of the many differently angled vertical sections of roll bars, a large number of brackets are required for different types of vehicles and roll bar orientations to provide the desired positioning and orientation of a canopy. This creates a need to supply large numbers of brackets to fit a wide range of different roll bars such that a canopy is oriented at a substantially horizontal orientation.

Adjustable canopy brackets for a vehicle


A retainer for use in conjunction with a cutting bit wherein the cutting bit includes a shank that contains a recess therein. The retainer includes a generally cylindrical retainer body that has opposite ends and a central longitudinal axis. The retainer body has a generally arcuate shape that defines an arc between the opposite ends thereof. The retainer body further includes at least one ear that projects in a radial outward direction. The retainer body is made from a material that has a grain direction wherein the direction of the grain runs generally parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the retainer body.

Cutting bit assemblies for such applications as mining or road milling typically comprise a cutting bit, sometimes referred to as a cutting pick or cutting tool, rotatably mounted within a support block. The support block is, in turn, mounted onto a drum or other body, typically by welding, which is, in turn, driven by a suitable drive means. When a number of such support blocks carrying cutting bits are mounted onto a drum, and the drum is driven, the cutting bits will engage and break up the material (e.g., earth strata) to be mined or removed. The general operation of such a mining machine or construction machine (e.g., a road planing machine) is well known in the art.
Heretofore, various retainers have been proposed or used to mount a cutting bit, rotatable or otherwise, within a support block.
As one example of such a retainer, U.S. Pat. No. 4,505,058 to Peterson shows a retainer having two legs. This retainer is to be used in conjunction with a support block having a recess with specially configured sidewalls that cooperate with the bends in the retainer legs to hold the retainer in place.
As another example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,883,129 to Lonn et al. shows another retainer that overlaps a cutting bit shank and a support block along substantially the entire length of the retainer. This retainer provides a single, continuous shear zone along its entire length.
As still another example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,428,110 to Ritchey et al. discloses a retainer used to retain a cutting bit in a holder. The retainer is stamped out of a piece of sheet steel and is received within an annular grove adjacent to the axial rearward end of the cutting bit. Although this retainer functions in a satisfactory fashion, certain drawbacks occur because the retainer is stamped from sheet steel.
One drawback connected with the stamped retainer of U.S. Pat. No. 6,428,110 is the presence of jagged portions along all or part of the peripheral edge of the retainer. This jagged portion can occur due to tearing or shearing of the material (e.g., steel) during the stamping process. The presence of the jagged portion results in a less than desirable surface finish for the retainer. It would thus be desirable to provide a retainer that presents a surface that does not have jagged portions along its peripheral edge, but instead, has a smooth surface finish along its peripheral edge.
Another drawback connected with the stamped retainer of U.S. Pat. No. 6,428,110 is the presence of so-called "fall off" on the exterior edge of the projections (or ears) that project in a radial outward direction from the retainer body. More specifically, this "fall off" exists when the exterior edge of the projection is not substantially perpendicular to the front or rear surface of the retainer, but instead, has an angled orientation with respect to such surfaces. It would be desirable to provide a retainer that presents projections (or ears) that do not exhibit this "fall off", but instead, has projections that have an exterior edge that is generally perpendicular to the front and rear surfaces of the projection (or ear).
Still another drawback connected with the stamped retainer of U.S. Pat. No. 6,428,110 is the fact that the grain direction of the steel is dependent upon the direction in which the sheet steel is fed into the stamping press. The grain direction of the steel can run either parallel or perpendicular to the mouth opening of the retainer. It would thus be desirable to provide a retainer that has a consistent grain direction that runs in a direction that is generally parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the retainer body so that the grain direction in the retainer is consistent from part-to-part.


Disclosed is a mobile shredding and material handling and feed system, preferably for use in the handling and shredding of paper and other office related feedstock. An embodiment of the system on the input side utilizes an input hopper, a first conveyor, a feed aperture, and a second conveyor which moves excess feedstock away from the entry to the shredder feed aperture to avoid jamming the feed aperture. An embodiment of the invention on the output side utilizes a compactor, preferably one or more augers, to compact the shredded material exiting the shredder, and moving said compacted shredded material to the discharge or system output. An embodiment of this material handling and feed system also applies for balers.

This invention pertains to a mobile shredding and material handling system, preferably for use in the handling and shredding of paper and other office related feedstock.
Mobile paper shredders have been used for many years to shred paper and other office related feedstock. One example of such a prior mobile paper shredder is U.S. Pat. No. 5,542,617, issued to David E. Rajewski on Aug. 6, 1996, which is hereby incorporated by this reference into this application as though fully set forth herein.
An important part of any paper shredding operation is the material handling aspects, i.e., how the feedstock is received, controlled and delivered to the shredder, and also how it is discharged and handled after it is shredded. This becomes more important in mobile shredding applications where space and other time limitations affect operations more.
While there are still many mobile shredding units which utilize a hand feed by the operator, there are also automated feed units such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,542,617, wherein an effective lift system is used to provide the feedstock to the input hopper.
If feedstock is fed to the shredder too fast, the shredder tends to jam and breakdown, whereas if it is fed too slow, the shredding process takes an unnecessarily long time. On the output side, if the shredded material exiting the shredder is inefficiently handled while being moved to the storage area, it can result in delays in the operations and possibly clogging of the shredder.
Since there is limited storage area in mobile shredders, the more the shredded material may be compacted while it is being moved to the storage area, the more efficient the mobile operation will be and the higher capacity it will have for a given sized truck or storage area.
It is one object of this invention to provide a more efficient and effective feedstock and shredded material handling system for use in connection with a high speed shredder, from where the feedstock is received in the hopper, to where it stored in the storage compartment of the vehicle.
After exiting the shredder and being placed in the storage area, the shredded material must then be removed from the truck or other storage area and thereafter handled. In many situations, the shredded material is preferably placed in a baler and thereby compacted into bales for resale. The baler feedstock, i.e. the shredded material, has similar demands to the shredder application, i.e. efficient input, compacting and efficient delivery of the output material to the baler compartment.
The feedstock and shredded material handling system provided by this invention (without the shredder) has the additional feature of facilitating the efficient handling of shredded material as baler feedstock, into a baler compartment, such as a paper baling apparatus, as is more fully described below.


A combination paper supply and paper discharge tray that can be used in versatile office machines that facilitates removing paper from either the paper supply tray or the paper discharge tray without interfering with the operations of the other tray. The paper supply tray is recessable flush into the paper discharge tray so that the combination tray can be used solely as a paper discharge tray in an image forming device when there are no documents that need to have images translated into representative binary data. Additionally, the simplified design of the combination tray allows the combination paper supply and paper discharge tray to be used in facsimiles that are not specifically designed to use the combination tray.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a paper tray for versatile office machines, such as a facsimile, electrophotographic apparatus, or an ink-jet printer, and, more specifically, to a combined paper supply and paper discharge tray that can be used with an image reading and forming apparatus.
2. Background Art
In general, a versatile office machine, such as a facsimile or electrophotographic device, includes a paper supply tray and a paper discharge tray, that are individually constructed. For example, in case of the facsimile, the paper supply tray is generally mounted at an incline to the rear of the facsimile along the upper middle side of the facsimile body. The paper discharge tray is commonly mounted, at an incline to the rear, on an upper rear side of the facsimile body. The original copies to be supplied to the facsimile are stacked on the paper supply tray, and the recording sheets discharged from the facsimile are stacked on the paper discharge tray. Some techniques used for paper-feeding trays and paper-receiving trays, for example, are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,379,121 to Yamada entitled Portable Facsimile Apparatus, U.S. Pat. No. 5,539,538 to Terao entitled Facsimile Machine Having a Single Feeding Path for Document and Recording Sheet, U.S. Pat. No. 5,552,902 to Kohno entitled Facsimile Apparatus With Internal Mechanism for Conveying Originals and Recording Paper, U.S. Pat. No. 5,559,609 to Yamada entitled Facsimile Transceiver, U.S. Pat. No. 4,279,504 to Brown entitled Copier and Multifunction Paper Cassette, U.S. Pat. No. 5,013,026 to Howell entitled Sheet Stacking and Inverting Apparatus.
Contemporary non-combination paper trays, however, are separately mounted on the facsimile body, thus requiring specialized component devices for installing the trays. Current combination paper supply and paper discharge trays use the same tray when attached to a versatile office machine, thus making it difficult for a user to remove paper from the combination tray without disrupting the use of the tray for the reception of ejected documents. Additionally, contemporary combination paper supply and paper discharge trays will not work in a versatile office machine that is not specifically designed for the particular combination tray. I believe it is possible to improve the art by providing a combination paper supply and paper discharge tray, that can work in versatile office machines not specifically designed to use a combination tray, that can be simply built, and that allows a user to remove discharged paper without interrupting the supply of paper to the office machine.

Combined paper supply and paper discharge tray for an image reading and forming apparatus


A gas turbine (1) includes a rotor (2) which has two rotor blade rows (5) with a plurality of rotor blades (6), and also a rotor heat shield (7), which is arranged between them, with a plurality of heat shield elements (12), and with a stator (3) which has a stator blade row (8), with a plurality of stator blades (9), which is arranged axially between the two adjacent rotor blade rows (5). The stator blades (9) have a stator sealing structure (10) radially on the inside. The heat shield elements (12) have a rotor sealing structure (13) radially on the outside which interacts with the stator sealing structure (10) for forming an axial seal (14). Furthermore, a blade radial seal (15) is formed between two adjacent rotor blades (6), and also a heat shield radial seal (16) is formed between two adjacent heat shield elements (12), and in each case separates a gas path (17) from the rotor (2). For increasing efficiency, the heat shield elements (12) and the rotor blades (6) are matched to each other so that the heat shield radial seal (16) merges without interruption into the blade radial seals (15) of the two axially adjacent rotor blades (6) in such a way that a continuous radial seal (21) is formed from the one rotor blade (6), via the heat shield element (12), to the other rotor blade (6).

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a rotating turbomachine, especially a gas turbine.
2. Brief Description of the Related Art
Rotating turbomachines customarily have a rotor which has at least two rotor blade rows with a plurality of rotor blades, and also at least one rotor heat shield with a plurality of heat shield elements, wherein the respective rotor heat shield is arranged axially between two adjacent rotor blade rows. In addition, such a turbomachine customarily includes a stator which has at least one stator blade row, which is arranged axially between two adjacent rotor blade rows, with a plurality of stator blades.
For forming an axial seal in the region of the stator blade row, it is possible in principle to equip the stator blades of the stator blade row radially on the inside with a stator sealing structure which is closed in the circumferential direction, and to equip the heat shield elements radially on the outside with a rotor sealing structure which is closed in the circumferential direction and which interacts with the stator sealing structure for forming the axial seal. In addition, it is possible in principle to separate a gas path of the turbomachine, through which the rotor blades and the stator blades extend, from the rotor or from a gas cooling path by radial seals which can be formed between rotor blades which are adjacent in the circumferential direction or between heat shield elements which are adjacent in the circumferential direction.
To increase output or for increasing the efficiency of such a turbomachine, a requirement permanently exists for reducing leakage flows in the region of seals.


A new cultivar of Rubus idaeus, ‘Glen Dee’, that is characterized by its spinefree canes, its fruit that is large in size with a good, palatable flavor and high Brix°, its A10 resistance to the European raspberry aphid (Amphorophora idaei), its field tolerance to the raspberry bushy dwarf virus (Idaeovirus RBDV) and raspberry root rot (Phytophthora rubi), and its late fruiting season.

The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of raspberry plant, botanically known as Rubus idaeus 'Glen Dee' and will be referred to hereinafter by its cultivar name, 'Glen Dee'.
The new cultivar was derived from a controlled breeding program in Dundee, Scotland. The objectives of the breeding program are to develop new raspberry cultivars suitable for the fresh fruit market that are well adapted to production under protected cropping systems with improved agronomic qualities and increased tolerance to pathogens. The Inventor made a cross in 2004 between unnamed proprietary plants in the Inventor's breeding program, reference no. MRS 00123A5 as the female parent and reference no. MRS 0019B11 as the male parent. The Inventor selected 'Glen Dee' in 2006 as a single unique plant amongst the seedlings that resulted from the above cross.
Asexual propagation of the new cultivar was first accomplished by the Inventor by root cuttings in Dundee, Scotland in 2006. Asexual propagation by root cuttings and tissue culture has shown that the unique features of the new cultivar are stable and reproduced true to type in successive generations.


A system for optimizing computer code generation by carrying out interprocedural dead store elimination. The system carries out a top down traversal of a call graph in an intermediate representation of the code being compiled. Live on exit (LOE) sets are defined for variables at call points for functions in the code being compiled. Bit vectors representing the LOE sets for call points for functions are stored in an LOE table indexed or hashed by call graph edges. For each function definition reached in the call graph traversal, a LOE set for the function itself is generated by taking the union of the LOE call point sets. The entries in the LOE table for the LOE call point sets are then removed. The LOE set for each function is used to determine if variables that are the subject of a store operation in a function may be subject to a dead store elimination optimization.

Optimizing compilers permit efficient object code to be emitted given a particular piece of source code to be compiled. Source code that includes a store operation where the variable stored has a constant value or is not later used in the source code execution path may be the subject of optimization in compilers. Such an optimization is known as a dead store elimination optimization.
Dead store elimination is a well-understood optimization. Compiler optimizations, such as constant propagation, which propagate constant values forward in compiled code, often result in opportunities for store elimination. Such compiler optimizations permit the removal of code for such store operations if, after the constant propagation, the compiler can determine that the variable subject of the store operation is not subsequently used. Removing the code for such a store operation reduces execution path length in the compiled computer code.
If the scope of the code optimization is intraprocedural only restricted to be (within the bounds of a procedure or function) then it is not possible to eliminate code for a store operation if the variable subject to the operation is an external (global) variable. In such a case the compiler cannot determine if the variable is used in the execution path that follows execution of the function and is therefore not able to carry out a dead store elimination optimization. The function is potentially called in other procedures or functions. Although a particular variable may not be modified or used in the function itself, the variable may be "live" in one of the procedures or functions that calls the function.
To carry out a dead store elimination optimization for an external variable it is therefore necessary for the optimizing compiler to carry out an interprocedural dead code elimination analysis. One prior art approach to the interprocedural dead code elimination is to carry out a data flow analysis for the entire code being compiled to determine future uses of a variable subject to a possible dead code elimination optimization. Such an approach typically involves an overhead cost which makes its use in optimizing compilers prohibitive.
It is therefore desirable to have a computer system which carries out the interprocedural dead store elimination in an optimizing compiler without the requirement of a resource intensive data flow analysis step.

International Business Machines Corporation


A method of operation of a location based system includes: submitting a tagged message having a message content, a trigger, and a recipient identifier; determining a location reading for locating a recipient associated with the recipient identifier; determining a temporal reading associated with the recipient identifier; and displaying the message content on a device having the recipient identifier, the message content displayed based on the trigger with the location reading, the temporal reading, or a combination thereof.

Modern portable consumer and industrial electronics provide increasing levels of functionality to support modern life including location-based information services. This is especially true for client devices such as navigation systems, cellular phones, portable digital assistants, and multifunction devices.
As users adopt mobile location based service devices, new and old usage begin to take advantage of this new device space. There are many solutions to take advantage of this new device opportunity. One existing approach is to use location information to provide location based services, such as a global positioning service (GPS) location based system for a mobile device. Solutions include capabilities such as point-to-point route selection, turn-by-turn navigation guidance, and provision of point of interest information.
In response to consumer demand, location based systems are providing ever-increasing amounts of information requiring these systems to handle more and more data. This information includes map data, business data, local weather, and local driving conditions. The demand also exists to provide organization or filtering of location based information. The demand for more information and the need to remain current continue to challenge the providers of location based systems.
Thus, a need remains for a location based system to provide organization or filtering of location based information. In view of the ever-increasing commercial competitive pressures, along with growing consumer expectations and the diminishing opportunities for meaningful product differentiation in the marketplace, it is critical that answers be found for these problems. Additionally, the need to reduce costs, improve efficiencies and performance, and meet competitive pressures adds an even greater urgency to the critical necessity for finding answers to these problems.
Solutions to these problems have been long sought but prior developments have not taught or suggested any solutions and, thus, solutions to these problems have long eluded those skilled in the art.

Location based system with location-enabled messaging and method of operation thereof


Embodiments of the present application relate to a method for merging web page style addresses, a device for merging web page style addresses, and a computer program product for merging web page style addresses. A method for merging web page style addresses is provided. The method includes receiving a web page request from a client terminal, determining web page content data based on the web page request, extracting a plurality of pieces of style data from the web page content data, each piece of the style data including a style address and a style attribute, and merging a plurality of style addresses to obtain one or more composite style addresses.

As the Internet enters the Web 2.0 era, front-end page performance of web servers is becoming more demanding as the number of applications increases. When a user uses the Internet, typically the user browses web pages using a browser. The web pages have elements such as text and graphics. The web pages are identified and accessed through uniform resource locators (URLs). A URL is a web address for locating a web page formatted in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and describes addresses of Internet pages and other Internet resources. When designing web pages, designers create style designs (e.g., web page layout, fonts, colors, backgrounds, distances, etc.) for each page in a website. The designers build website frame structures, looks, and events through the web page style designs.
Currently, the number of styles that web pages draw upon are increasing. Each time a web page is opened, a plurality of style content files is loaded by the web page to be used in displaying of the web page. The loading of the plurality of style content files results in the following: when a web page draws upon a file with content having too many styles, performance suffers and user experience is diminished. For example, when a web page drawing upon ten style resources (e.g., different stylesheets, javascripts, etc.) uses a conventional method for acquiring style resources, ten web page style requests are sent to a server in order to acquire corresponding style content and each style request includes a different URL for acquiring a style content. The web page is rendered and displayed according to the acquired style content of the ten style resources. In addition, each time the web page is opened, the style content is to be loaded ten times, thus reducing display speed of the web page and diminishing the user experience.


Method and device for stretching a web (8) of material in the manufacture of a liquid-absorbent article, having an absorption body (4) and a cover enclosing the same. The article is made from the web (8) of material being fed in its longitudinal direction, on which web one or more elongated elastic members (11-14) are fastened. The members extend at an angle to the longitudinal direction of the web and thereby subject the web to forces which are directed transversely to the longitudinal direction of the web. The web (8) of material is kept stretched in its longitudinal direction as well as in its transverse direction by mechanical restraint of the web of material adjacent to its longitudinal edge-portions (19,20).

From EP-A1-0 510 715 it is known as prior art to manufacture liquid-absorbent articles consisting of an absorption body and a cover, where the cover is manufactured from continuously fed webs of material. The article is formed as a diaper, an incontinence-protection, training pants or the like, in which elastics around the legs are achieved by placing and fastening elongated elastic members on one of the webs of material, wherein said elastic members have been given a continuously sinusoidal extension over the longitudinal direction of the web of material. By the extension of the elastic members and their fastening to the web of the material, said web is affected by forces pointing in different directions, i. a. transversely to the longitudinal direction of the web of material. The forces exerted on the web of material in its longitudinal direction by the elastic members are counteracted by stretching the web of material by means of feeder-rollers during the manufacture of the article. In order to counteract the forces exerted on the web of material transversely to its longitudinal direction it is known to apply a vacuum against the web of material. This however presupposes that the web of material is air-tight or only permeable to a limited degree. Thus, this method is not applicable for stretching a web of liquid-permeable material which is used as one side of the article.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,434,111 discloses a method and an apparatus of manufacturing elastic fabrics using pins as restraint means carried by chains forming part of a transportation device. As the fabric connects with the pins directly at a roll, the restraining effect in the longitudinal direction will not be fully performed with the risk that the elastic fabric will not be restrained to a smooth surface at the moment when elastic elements are fastened.

Method for stretching a web of material in the manufacture of a liquid absorbent article and a device for stretching the web of material


A system is provided for marking on a recording medium (36), such as a label, the location of imaged tissue with respect to an exposed surface of the tissue (34). Tissue is imaged by a microscope (11) capable of imaging sections of the tissue below the exposed tissue surface through optics. A ring (32) applied to the surface of the tissue stabilizes the tissue to the optics and localizes a portion of the tissue surface through an aperture in the ring. An actuator (38) is connected to both the ring and the microscope for moving the ring to adjust the position of the tissue with respect to the optics, thereby allowing an operator of the system to survey different images of tissue sections with the microscope.

Confocal microscopy involves scanning tissue to produce microscopic sectional images of surface or subsurface tissue. Such microscopic imaged sections may be made in-vivo and can image tissue at cellular resolutions. Examples of confocal scanning microscopes are found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,788,639 and 5,880,880, and in articles by Milind Rajadhyaksha et al., "In vivo Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy of Human Skin: Melanin provides strong contrast," The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Volume 104, No. 6, June 1995, pages 1-7, and by Milind Rajadhyaksha et al., "Confocal laser microscope images tissue in vivo," Laser Focus World, February 1997, pages 119-127. These systems have confocal optics which direct light to the patient's tissue and image tissue sections from the returned reflected light. These confocal systems, although useful for microscopic examination of a tissue lesion or other abnormal tissue, have no capability for identifying locations on the surface of the tissue where the imaged lesion is within the tissue. Without such identification, the physician does not know after imaging the particular locations in the imaged tissue to carry out treatment of the lesion viewed in the images. Such treatment may include excising the tissue from the patient, radiation therapy, or ablation. Since treatment can harm healthy tissue which may lie near a lesion, precise location of the lesion is of importance. Also, without the capability to identify on the tissue surface the locations of an imaged lesion, it may be difficult for a physician to locate the lesion in future examinations for observing possible changes in the condition of the tissue when treatment of the lesion is deferred or is non-invasive.

System for marking the locations of imaged tissue with respect to the surface of the tissue