A magnet temperature estimating device for a motor provided with a rotor having magnets and configured to output a rotational motive force, and a stator having a plurality of coils opposing the rotor with an aperture therebetween, is provided. The device includes a sensor configured to detect an induced voltage induced by rotation of the rotor, and a controller configured to control the motor by supplying power to the plurality of coils in response to an input of a detection signal from the sensor. The controller estimates a temperature of one of the magnets based on an amplitude of a frequency spectrum corresponding to a given frequency, among frequency components constituting the induced voltage.

JP2007-336708A discloses, as one example of the magnet temperature estimating devices for motors, a temperature estimating device for permanent magnets of a permanent-magnet type rotary machine (motor). In detail, the device disclosed in JP2007-336708A extracts a magnetic flux density of the permanent magnets and estimates a temperature of the permanent magnets based on the extracted magnetic flux density.
Moreover, WO2014/167690A1 discloses, as another example of the magnet temperature estimating devices for motors, a cooling control device for a motor of an electric vehicle. In detail, the device disclosed in WO2014/167690A1 detects an induced voltage which is caused when driving the motor, and estimates a magnet temperature of the motor based on the detected induced voltage.
Meanwhile, when magnets which constitute a rotor of the motor become excessively high in temperature, they become irreversibly demagnetized. Therefore, in order to maintain the performance of the motor, it is necessary to reduce the magnet temperature when the magnets become high in temperature. In order to reduce the magnet temperature more securely, it is considered to estimate the magnet temperature more promptly.
Here, as a method of estimating the magnet temperature, it is possible to use the induced voltage which is caused by driving the motor, as disclosed in WO2014/167690A1. Further, in order to promptly estimate the magnet temperature as described above, it is required to simplify the processing to the induced voltage as much as possible.

Magnet temperature estimating device for motor and hybrid vehicle provided with the same


A fuel vapor management valve or VMV having an electrically operated vent valve for controlling atmospheric bleed flow to a vacuum signal pressure chamber. The pressure in the signal pressure chamber controls the differential pressure acting on opposite sides of a diaphragm which moves a valve member for regulating fuel vapor purge flow from a canister to the engine intake manifold. Vacuum is applied to the signal pressure chamber through restrictive passages in a connector which prevent sonic flow choking. In one embodiment two orifices are spaced fluidically in series. In another embodiment fluidically parallel laminar flow passages are provided in an element comprising a porous filter preferably formed of fibrous material or sintered metal. In another embodiment, the laminar flow element is disposed fluidically in series with a flow restricting orifice.

The present invention relates to devices of the type known as vapor management valves (VMV) which are employed for controlling purge flow of fuel tank vapor from a storage canister to the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. Such devices are employed in light motor vehicles where evaporation of tank fuel is prevented in the engine off condition by collection of the fuel vapors in a storage canister, typically of the type containing adsorbent granular charcoal.
Known VMVs provide an electrically operated bleed valve (EVR) for bleeding atmospheric air to a signal pressure chamber supplied with intake manifold vacuum for providing a vacuum control signal to one side of a pressure responsive diaphragm. The diaphragm operates a regulator valve member for controlling vapor flow between an inlet connected to the vapor storage canister and an outlet connected to the engine intake manifold. The diaphragm is preloaded by a spring to bias the diaphragm valve member closed preventing vapor flow to the engine manifold until a predetermined pressure differential is experienced by the diaphragm. An example of such a known VMV is that shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,277,167.
Referring to FIG. 1, the known valve assembly indicated generally at 1 has an EVR indicated generally at 2 which controls atmospheric vent flow through a filter 5 and coil passage 3 to an outlet passage 4 which supplies air flow through an inlet passage 6 of a vacuum pressure signal chamber 8 which is supplied with engine manifold vacuum through a connector 10 and a single bleed orifice 12.
The pressure in chamber 8 is applied to one side of a pressure responsive diaphragm 14 which moves a regulator valve member 16 with respect to a valve seat 17 for controlling flow between vacuum connector 18 connected to the engine intake manifold and a fuel vapor purge inlet connector 20 connected to a fuel vapor canister 22 which is connected to a fuel tank 24. Diaphragm 14 is preloaded by a spring 26 to prevent opening of the valve 19 until a predetermined pressure differential exists across the diaphragm 14 in a manner well known in the art.
In the aforesaid known type of VMV, it has been found that the vacuum flow rate out of the vacuum pressure signal chamber increases with increasing engine manifold vacuum. At high engine manifold vacuum levels (reduced manifold absolute pressure), when a critical pressure ratio has been reached across the flow restricting orifice provided in the vacuum signal port, sonic flow choking or limiting occurs in the port thereby preventing further increases in flow with increasing engine manifold vacuum. For proper purge flow, it has been desired to provide a VMV having the properties that the atmospheric bleed flow increases with increasing vacuum (decreasing manifold absolute pressure) throughout the range of manifold pressures experienced during engine operation without the occurrence of sonic flow choking.
Where that engine throttle is closed suddenly or rapidly i.e., a condition referred to as "tip-out", the sudden large increase in manifold vacuum (decrease in manifold absolute pressure) causes sonic flow choking to occur at the vacuum restricting orifice; and, vacuum bleed flow no longer tracks engine manifold vacuum levels. Thus, it has long been desired to find a way or means of neutralizing the effects of "tip-out" on VMV control of fuel vapor flow to the engine intake manifold.

Method of controlling fuel vapor canister purge flow and vapor management valve therefor


Provided herein are methods for design of engineered polypeptides that recapitulate molecular structure features of a predetermined portion of a reference protein structure, e.g., an antibody epitope or a protein binding site. A Machine Learning (ML) model is trained by labeling blueprint records generated from a reference target structure with scores calculated based on computational protein modeling of polypeptide structures generated by the blueprint records. The method may include training an ML model based on a first set of blueprint records, or representations thereof, and a first set of scores, each blueprint record from the first set of blueprint records associated with each score from the first set of scores. After the training, the machine learning model may be executed to generate a second set of blueprint records. A set of engineered polypeptides are then generated based on the second set of blueprint records.

Computational design can be used in the design of new therapeutic proteins that mimic native proteins or to design vaccines that display a desired epitope or epitopes from a pathogenic antigen. Computationally designed proteins may also be used to generate or select for binding agents. For example, one can pan libraries of antibodies (e.g. phage display libraries) against a designed protein bait to select for clones that bind to that bait, or one can immunize experimental animals with a designed immunogen to generate novel antibodies.
Although there are others, the leading modeling platform for computational design is Rosetta (Das and Baker, 2008). This platform can be used for design of proteins that match a desired structure. Correia et al., Structure 18:1116-26 (2010) discloses a general computational method to design epitope-scaffolds in which contiguous structural epitopes are transplanted into scaffold proteins for conformational stabilization and immune presentation. Olek et al., PNAS USA 107:17880-87 (2010) discloses transplantation of an epitope from the HIV-1 gp41 protein into select acceptor scaffolds.
Conventional computational design techniques typically rely upon grafting a portion of a target protein structure (e.g., an epitope) onto a pre-existing scaffold. Modeling platforms such as Rosetta are too computationally intensive to adequately explore large topology spaces, such as the vast topology space of proteins that recapitulate a given protein structure. Thus, there is a need for new and improved devices and methods for computational design of proteins that mimic a target protein structure.

Machine learning method for protein modelling to design engineered peptides


A vehicle accessory bracket for use in automotive applications that attaches to an existing interior structure of the vehicle, including but not limited to, inner rocker panels on pickup trucks, pinch welds on wheel openings, and bumper mounting points. The vehicle accessory bracket is also designed to provide a proper mounting surface for the rocker accessory. The vehicle accessory bracket for use in automotive applications is disclosed herein comprising a longitudinal body, a rib and an opening for engaging and mounting to the existing structure of the vehicle. The vehicle accessory bracket can be used to cover up rusty/unsightly blemishes on vehicles, especially rocker panels on pickup trucks as disclosed herein.

The present disclosure relates to a vehicle accessory bracket for use in automotive applications that attaches to the existing structure of the vehicle proximate the inner panels of a vehicle such as pickup truck rocker panels, pinch welds on wheel openings, cab transitions and bumper mounting points, subject to the particular user need and application. In the past, there are numerous automotive accessories on the market designed for use as exterior body covers for aesthetic appearances. However, prior art covers of this type are usually characterized by a number of undesirable features which limit their utility such as a lack of compactness, inability to cover unsightly scratches, dents, rust, or other imperfections and a high cost of manufacture. As disclosed, the present disclosure is directed to a vehicle accessory bracket for use with vehicles to provide a proper and improved mounting surface for the accessory which may be configured as a cover to quickly improve the aesthetic of the vehicle, particularly when used to cover up rusty/unsightly blemishes on vehicles. Rocker panels on pickup trucks are well known to rust and deteriorate and thus provide an exemplary application of the present disclosure, without limitation or restriction.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION - LISTING OF ELEMENTSElement DescriptionElement NumberInner Bracket1Tab 1aBody 1bOpening 1cInterior body panel (rocker panel)   2/2aFastener3Accessories/ Cover4Exterior body panel56Rib78Fastener (nut and bolt)9Vehicle accessory bracket10 Vehicle (truck, standard car, 11 SUV, mini van, etc. prior art)Light12 (Roof lights/cab lights/LED light bars,etc.- prior art)13 Affected areas (rusted/unsightly 14 blemishes area)15

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


According to exemplary methods herein, a print job comprising an electronic document and job attributes including an imposition template is received into a marking device having a print engine using a standard color gamut and another colorant. A sheet of the job is analyzed for the standard color gamut and for the other colorant. The layout of images for multiple pages of the electronic document on the sheet is determined and the number of passes of the sheet through the print engine is determined based on image requirements for each page on the sheet. User selectable instructions modify the printing instructions for selected pages on the sheet. The user selectable instructions include parameters associated with the number of passes of the sheet through the print engine and the use of the standard color gamut and the other colorant in the images for printing each of the pages on a substrate.

Systems and methods herein generally relate to printing systems, and more particularly to printing of clear and pigmented colorants on a media substrate in multi-pass operation of a printing apparatus.
In modern desktop printing systems, a document can be created or received in electronic form on a device such as a personal computer, a personal digital assistant, or other suitable device. Parameters of print jobs (such as for finishing, imposition, color management) can be set at the print queue, print job, page description language (PDL) creation, exception page creation, line printer remote (LPR), and job ticket level. Imposition settings are job settings that cause page images to be placed on print media at specific locations, orientations, and scalings. For example, a user can format the document, adjust the layout of the document, change fonts, change font sizes, etc. These settings are reconciled before a job is submitted for print. Thereafter, the document can be printed on a printer to produce a hardcopy of the document. The hardcopy of the document can further be bound or otherwise subjected to processing to result in a finished product.
Imposition is one of the fundamental steps in the prepress printing process. It consists in the arrangement of the printed product's pages on the printer's sheet, in order to print faster, simplify binding, and reduce paper waste. In particular, it allows the printer to set up such documents as business cards, magazines, flyers, postcards, and brochures. Print operators will print books using large sheets of paper that will be folded and trimmed later. This allows for faster printing, simplified binding, and lower production costs. Imposition is the process of arranging the pages correctly prior to printing so that they fold in the correct order. To someone unfamiliar with the imposition process, the pages may seem to be arranged randomly; but after printing, the paper is folded, bound, and trimmed. If correctly imposed, the pages all appear in the correct orientation and readable sequence.
Various printing systems support the loading of spot colorants in an extension print housing. The initial print housing generally supports the base colorants (e.g., C, M, Y, K (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black)). Many printing devices can produce printed output with the spot colorant in addition to CMYK. An additional colorant may include white or clear colorant.
A use of clear colorant on printed media sheets is becoming more diverse with newly discovered applications for using the clear colorant as a way to achieve particular visible effects. Typically, the printing device can support several options for the printing of clear and the CMYK colorants for multi-pass operations. For example, clear can be printed:
1. As the first pass(es) with a final pass adding the CMYK colorant. (aka Base clear)
2. As the 2nd (and later passes) with the CMYK colorants printed first                a. Over the entire page (aka flood clear)        b. Selectively on top of specified Objects (aka Object clear)        c. Via Page Description language constructs (aka Embedded clear)        d. Where no CMYK content appears (aka Infill clear)Additionally, the number of passes to be printed may be specified in combination with any of the above options. Each pass may be used to render one coat of the clear colorant layer.
The current procedure for handling multiple pass clear is to RIP the page once. The CMYK and clear are applied on the first pass. Then, clear colorant only is applied on subsequent passes. However, an imposed printed sheet may have print ordering schemes for both CMYK and clear applied to the pages of a single sheet; and it may have varying numbers of passes specified for the pages. Current image processing capabilities do not support separate commands for each page of multiple pages on a single sheet of media. That is, a single set of image planes (e.g., cyan, magenta, yellow, black, or clear only) for the entire sheet is sent to the marking engine for a particular print pass. Hence, if one portion of the sheet requires clear on top of CMYK and another portion requires clear under CMYK this could not be accomplished.

System and method for producing clear colorant on imposed multi-pass pages


A compact, high-brightness, integrated illuminator in which collection of light from a point-arc source is maximized by a multi-curvature reflector section configuration of elliptical reflector and segmented spherical retroreflector directing all light rays into a well-defined numerical aperture. The invention also integrates a homogenizer and other optical elements with the multi-curvature reflector section, constructs any or all of these components in a single block of optical material, or, alternatively, constructs these components with molded hollow reflective cavities fabricated in metal or plastic blocks. Cooling is provided by internal fluid channels within the block.

A key subsystem in optical systems for a variety of applications is an illumination system which comprises a light source, such as an arc lamp, and several optical components, such as mirrors and lenses, to collect, shape and relay the light from the source to the desired destination. For example, in a projector, light from an arc lamp is collected, made uniform, and made to illuminate an object, such as film or a programmable spatial light modulator, which is then imaged onto a display screen. As another example, in a lithography system, light from the light source is collected, made uniform, shaped into a specific cross-section, and is made to illuminate a photomask having a pattern. The mask is then imaged by a projection lens to a substrate, such as a semiconductor wafer or a display panel, coated with a layer of photosensitive medium.
In all these applications, the intensity of the light illuminating the object must be very uniform spatially. The object, as stated earlier, is, for example, a spatial light modulator (SLM) chip in a projector, or a photomask in a lithography system. Spatial uniformity of a light beam means that the cross-sectional profile of the intensity must be substantially flat. A second important requirement on the illumination system is that its efficiency must be as high as possible so that loss of light is minimized and the smallest possible light source may be used. Alternatively, the highest possible energy may be obtained at the destination surface, such as the display screen or the semiconductor wafer.
Other highly desirable features in an illumination system include compact size and self-luminosity. The importance of a compact size of the illumination system is self-evident—it enables the whole optical system to be compact, and therefore, low-weight, more portable, etc. Self-luminosity of a light source means it is equivalent to an emission surface on which every point behaves effectively as an emission point from which light rays emanate in a specific numerical aperture. Such a characteristic is especially important when the illuminated object must be subsequently imaged with high resolution onto another surface. All of the above desirable features of illumination systems are important in the case of digital projections, lithography systems, and numerous other optical systems.
A self-luminous emission surface is readily obtained by transformation of a high-brightness, point-like light source by use of suitable optical elements. A widely used, high-brightness, point-like light source is a high-pressure, compact, Hg (or Hg—Xe) arc lamp. To increase the amount of collected radiation, and direct it toward the object, such an arc lamp is usually manufactured with a built-in elliptical reflector. An elliptical reflector has two focus points, which I shall call "near focus" and "far focus." The point-arc of the lamp is situated at a focus point of the elliptical reflective surface, which causes the reflected rays to be directed toward the other focus point of the ellipse, enabling them to enter a beam-uniformization device at a desired numerical aperture. In all such light sources, the requirement of maximum collection efficiency on the one hand and a well-defined numerical aperture on the other hand cannot both be met optimally. This is so because, to maximize light collection, one must use as large a portion of the elliptical surface as possible, whereas to confine the reflected rays to the desired numerical aperture, one must limit the extended arc of the reflector.

High-brightness, compact illuminator with integrated optical elements


The technologies described herein are generally directed toward managing signal traffic in a wireless network. Example operations can include receiving, for a group of cells, a control channel utilization value for a control channel and a data channel utilization value for a data channel. The operations can further include generating, based on the control channel utilization value and a threshold, for a first cell of the group of cells, a channel allocation that can increase the balance of use of control channel resources and data channel resources for the first cell, and configuring the first cell of the group of cells to allocate control channel resources and data channel resources of the first cell based on the channel allocation.

With increases in the number of devices accessing wireless networks, balancing the load of devices that are serviced by different cells has become even more important than in the past. One way of allocating resources of wireless connection points is to differentiate between control channels, typically used to carry resource scheduling assignments and other control information, and data channels, and channels used to carry data.
Different approaches can be used to try to reduce overloading of these types of channels, individually. In many circumstances, however, existing traffic management approaches fail to incorporate significant factors that can impact the performance of both the network of wireless connection points, and devices served by the network.

Managing signal traffic in a 5G or other next generation wireless network


There is provided a duplexed field controller. The duplexed field controller includes: first and second control units between which a control authority is switchable; a first application clock that is updated based on a reference clock so as to define a timing of an application operation of the first control unit; a second application clock that is updated based on the reference clock so as to define a timing of an application operation of the second control unit; and an update control unit that bypasses the first update of the second application clock after switching of the control authority, if the first application clock is ahead of the second application clock when the control authority is switched from the first control unit to the second control unit.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a duplexed field controller. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a duplexed field controller having two control units between which the control authority is switchable.
2. Related Art
According to a field controller in the related art, the same processing is simultaneously executed using two CPUs between which the control authority is switchable. When an abnormality occurs at a control side CPU, the control authority is shifted to a standby side CPU. With such duplexing CPU, the reliability of control can be significantly improved (see e.g., JP-A-2006-276958).
Also, in the duplexed field controller, since the continuity of control is required even at the switching of the control authority, it is desired to minimize the time during which control is intermitted. Moreover, the increasing control scan speed can be handled by smoothing the switching of the control authority.


A coordinate measuring machine includes a stationary baseplate, a workpiece receptacle, a tracing head movable relative to the baseplate, and a supply, control and evaluation device. The baseplate has legs which are mounted pivotably on at least three fixed locations on the baseplate and on a body which carries the tracing head. The length or the inclinations of the legs can be adjusted in an accurately measurable manner.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to a coordinate measuring machine and more particularly to a high accuracy, lightweight, and inexpensive coordinate measuring machine having a plurality of length-adjustable legs for tracing an object.
2. Description of the Related Art
To trace a measuring point in a cartesian coordinate system, for example, on a workpiece, 3-D coordinate measuring machines which typically consist of a stand, a tracing system, preferably a separate supply and control unit, and an evaluation computer, are used. The function of the stand is to move the tracing system relative to the workpiece in a measurable manner. According to the prior art, this function is performed by means of three linear axes each of which are perpendicular to one another. In the case of coordinate measuring machines with a movable measuring table, two of the three linear axes supplement one another in terms of measurement and design. In the case of coordinate measuring machines with a stationary measuring table, the three linear axes supplement one another in terms of measurement and design. Alternatively, as described in German Offenlegungsschrift 44 03 901 A1, the workpiece can be traced by means of an appliance which is derived from an articulated arm robot.
The conventional means of moving the 3-D coordinate measuring machine of the three linear axes type are complicated. This is because, to displace the tracing head in a coordinate direction, each axis contains a drive, a scale system, and a guide. The function of the guide is to prevent deviations in straightness and rotation during the displacement of the tracer. An additional function of the guide is to make the deviations reproducible and therefore capable of being corrected in a machine-related manner, specifically with very high accuracy and under all permissible temperature and load conditions. For example, in a coordinate measuring machine of the gantry type having a measuring length of one meter in all three axes, the rotational guide accuracy of each axis must be well below 0.5 seconds, so that a measuring accuracy in the range of 2 .mu.m can be achieved. Because of these requirements, most of the production costs for an axis of the coordinate measuring machine are incurred in the guide and not in the drive or the scale system.
With the measuring means available in the conventional coordinate measuring machines, it is possible to record rotational errors to an accuracy of about 0.3 seconds. On the other hand, position errors can be measured to an accuracy of about 0.5 .mu.m. In a coordinate measuring machine with a large measuring volume, therefore, the geometrical accuracy which can be achieved is often limited by the accuracy in recording the rotational deviations.
In conventional coordinate measuring machines having a stationary measuring table, all three axes, i.e., the X-, Y- and Z-axes, supplement one another during the displacement of the tracing head. In other words, all the elements of the third axis (Z-axis) must be moved along with the second axis (Y-axis) and all the elements of the second axis (Y-axis) and of the third axis (Z-axis) must be moved along with the first axis (X-axis). In measuring machines with a movable measuring table, only two axes, namely the Y- and Z-axes, supplement one another, but the workpiece has to be moved additionally in the X-axis by means of the table carrying the workpiece. In both instances, large masses have to be moved to displace the tracing head in the cartesian coordinate directions. This makes the coordinate measuring machines of conventional design expensive and slow.
However, the three linear axes of the conventional coordinate measuring machine make it possible to achieve a displacement of the tracing head parallel to itself by means of a relatively simple control. If the tracing head is to be rotated, however, such as during optical tracing or also in the case of specific mechanical measuring tasks, it is necessary to have a turn-and-pivot device which contributes to additional inaccuracies, costs and control outlay, even when only a small pivoting range is required. Further, each linear axis of the conventional coordinate measuring machine necessitates a careful parallel adjustment of the guide, drive and scale as well as auxiliary structures, for example, structure for protection of the guide surfaces against soiling, low-friction hose, and cable guides.
The articulated arm measuring machines according to German Offenlegungsschrift 44 03 901 A1 have no linear axes and therefore avoid some of the above-mentioned costs and control outlay associated with the conventional coordinate measuring system. However, in this type too, all the axes supplement one another, thus leading to relatively large masses to be moved, particularly when a complicated tracing head is employed. Warping of the arms caused by thermal influences or by alternating loads has an effect on the measuring accuracy. The resolution of available rotary encoders is not sufficient for an accuracy in the .mu.m range. Consequently, in terms of their performance, coordinate measuring machines of the articulated arm type are still far removed from the coordinate measuring machines of the conventional type previously described.
Coordinate measuring machines have to be checked regularly in order to prove that the specified accuracy is being adhered to. Calibrated test bodies, for example, gage blocks or ball plates, can be used for this purpose. It is also possible, however, to check the position of the tracing head by means of an independent measuring system.
To have the correctness of the coordinates of the traced measuring point confirmed, it is known from DD 141 061 to displace the tracing head according to the coordinates in a known way, but to provide, in addition to the tracing head, for checking purposes, rods which can be tilted about fixed points and the free ends of which are rotatably connected to the tracing head on all sides, and to design the rods in such a way that their length can be adjusted in a measurable manner. When the tracing head is displaced mechanically according to predetermined cartesian coordinates, it is possible, by measuring the lengths of the extendable rods of the checking system, to test whether there are measurement and/or displacement errors. Based on the changes in length of the rods, the position of the traced measuring point is calculated a second time and the set value and the measured value are compared with one another. In this design, it can only be presumed which of the two values is the correct value or an average value can be formed from the two values. This design is highly complicated, since it necessitates two measuring systems, the first to be used as the coordinate measuring machine and the second to be used as a checking system. In DE-C1 35 04 464, for example, a corresponding checking method is carried out to determine the positioning accuracy of a toolholder for a tool which is moved by a robot. This checking appliance is designed as a transportable appliance.
The technical problem on which the invention is based is to specify a coordinate measuring machine, which can be produced simply and inexpensively in terms of its basic design, in which the desired measuring accuracy and measuring speed are guaranteed, and with which measuring points which are difficult to reach can be traced easily.

High accuracy coordinate measuring machine having a plurality of length-adjustable legs


A technique for a wireless device to obtain white space information from a component configured for cellular communication, such as a cellular phone. The wireless device and cellular phone may communicate using a short-range connection, such as a peer-to-peer connection, ensuring that the white space information, which is location based, generated by the cellular phone is also accurate for the location of the wireless device. With such white space information, the wireless device can comply with regulatory requirements for white space use by accessing a regulatory database identifying, by location, available white space channels. When the cellular phone is configured for accessing a wide area network, the cellular telephone may provide the white space information as a set of channels available for white space communication. Channels of the set may be prioritized based on one or more parameters, including frequency, permitted transmit power or detected noise.

Wireless transmissions are used for wireless networking among computing devices as well as in other settings, such as to support broadcast of radio and television content. To avoid interference between the signals of different users, different portions of the electromagnetic spectrum are allocated to different uses.
The radio spectrum has been divided administratively into two primary sectors: the licensed spectrum and the unlicensed spectrum. The licensed spectrum consists of frequencies that have been licensed to organizations, such as commercial broadcasters, for exclusive use by those organizations. For example, a portion of the spectrum may be licensed to a cellular communications company for use in communicating information representing voice and data calls placed by its subscribers, or licensed to a media broadcaster to transmit signals carrying audio and video data representing television content. The unlicensed spectrum, on the other hand, has been allocated for free use by the public. The unlicensed spectrum includes a band allocated for industrial, scientific and medical uses (the ISM band), which is frequently used for intra-computer communications. Though operation in these bands does not require a license, typically, use of the unlicensed spectrum requires operating in accordance with some regulations, such as maximum power output regulations, that are designed to minimize interference between users.
Despite this administrative distinction between licensed and unlicensed spectra, unused portions of the licensed spectrum are sometimes used for unlicensed communications. Unused portions may arise, for example, because, when frequency bands of the licensed spectrum are assigned to organizations, typically they are not assigned exactly consecutively. Instead, in a given location, there may be gaps between the licensed portions to prevent transmissions of two licensed users from interfering with one another. The unassigned band of the licensed spectrum is referred to as "white space." These white spaces may be intended to provide frequency separation to reduce interference between the signals of licensed users. Additionally, white spaces may arise because, in a particular location, the licensed users do not collectively require the full spectrum.
White spaces of the licensed spectrum are sometimes used by unlicensed transmitters. By government regulation, use of white space in this way requires using techniques that prevent interference with signals of the licensed users. Generally, these techniques require an unlicensed wireless device to access a database of white space channels. The database contains information that indicates, for any location, which channels within a licensed spectrum are available for use as white space. Regulations prescribe the accuracy with which a wireless device must know its location in order to use information from the regulatory database to identify available white space channels.

Location determination for white space utilization


A swimsuit having a swimsuit bottom having a rear portion, a front portion, a pair of leg openings and a waist band for encasing the lower portion of a wearer's torso. The swimsuit bottom is form-fitting and made of elastic material of stretchable, resilient synthetic or synthetic blend fabric. The swimsuit bottom has a pair of pockets formed in the interior of the swimsuit bottom of the buttock area of the rear portion sized to accommodate a pair of pads designed for insertion into each of the pockets for enhancing the buttock of the wearer. The pads may be of different sizes and shapes to accommodate different body sizes and shapes in order to provide the desired enhancement. Decorative adornment such as ruffles or lacy trim is added on the swimsuit bottom to hide the pads.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is a swimsuit or bathing suit having a bottom with padding that gives the illusion of an enhanced buttock region. More particularly, this invention relates to a buttock-enhancing swimsuit that provides the ability to change the shape and the looks of the wearer's buttock region, and addresses the visibility of padding inside the garment by an outside observer.
2. Description of Related Art
For a number of years both women and men have become more concerned with their appearance and thus greater emphasis has been placed on the desire to have clothing assist the wearer in having an aesthetically pleasing appearance. In response, designers have concentrated on developing garments which enable the wearer to have greater freedom of expression, versatility of activity with maximum ease, and emphasizing the wearer's physical attributes. This is especially the situation with swimwear.
Designing aesthetically pleasing swimwear that meets these criteria is especially difficult in situations where straps, seams, ridges and the like are visible to others. Although there are swimsuits and undergarments that have body enhancing pads, the lack of buttock-enhancing swimsuits available is attributed in part to the difficulty in designing a swimsuit bottom with padding that remains hidden and undetectable under wet or dry fabric. Another factor hindering the ability to enhance the buttock portion of a swimsuit wearer is that a swimsuit designer would like to have a single swimsuit size for different buttock shapes and sizes. However, the general public has a variety of such shapes and sizes making the designer's design for such swimsuits more difficult.
When a designer is considering using padded underwear that is hidden inside clothing, one can assume that the wearer would not be concerned because the padding is not visible by another person. Such designs, while desirable by the wearer do not help a designer in designing swimwear. It is desirable that the body-enhancing pads must not be detectable by an observer whether the swimsuit is wet or dry. In presently available swim suits, when the swimsuit fabric covering the pads is wet, the existence of the pads is quite obvious.
The use of pads is known for undergarments and swimsuits as a device for shaping and flattering the appearance of the wearer. Another type of shaping garment has a cover panel coupled to an undergarment to provide support and shaping to the body of the wearer. Also known is an outer garment and inner liner where the inner liner has a stitch pattern to provide support of areas of the body to accentuate features of the wearer. Additional prior art includes swimsuits having buttock padding members but these swimsuits do not address the practical and detrimental problem that the pads in a bathing suit are visible in public when the swimsuit fabric is dry, and even more so when it is wet.
Despite prior efforts to produce a comfortable, aesthetically pleasing and practical swimsuit having padding that gives the illusion of an enhanced contour in the buttock region, there remains a desire to produce a swimsuit that has certain improved features allowing for the wearer to adjust the size and shape of the buttock and not be visible when the swimsuit fabric is either dry or wet.


A dual drive motive system used to control the movement or position of another system or structure in a first and second embodiment has two motors, two frame members and a ring moveably mounted between the frame members by means of suitable bearings. One of the motors provides continuous relative motion between the ring and one of the frame members which may be secured to a foundational structure. The other motor provides relative motion between the ring and the other frame member which may be secured to a turret structure. This motion avoids the transient disturbances of lubricants. In a third embodiment, the system includes two armatures which share a common stator. In operation, the armatures and stator which are concentrically positioned rotate relative to each other and in opposite directions. In a fourth embodiment, the armatures share a common stator and the armatures are coaxially positioned. Altering the relative rotational speeds of the motors or motor components results in rotation of the system output (turret or output shaft). Although the motors or motor components and bearings are in continuous motion, the system output may be stationary or within a desired range of rotational speeds in either direction.

The invention relates generally to powered motive systems incorporating bearings such as director systems and servo control systems and more particularly to low friction and low stiction motive systems in conjunction with electric motors as power sources and incorporating bearings which support both the motors and the load.
In certain precision applications it is desirable to have a motive system output which can operate smoothly throughout its operating range in order to provide a high degree of operational predictability and accuracy. Various types of systems have been utilized which are designed to reduce friction in the bearings used in the system and thereby provide smooth, consistently accurate system operation. In this regard, it is important to note that the friction and "stiction", i.e., resistance to start up motion, of the bearing for the load support and the friction and stiction of the bearing for the driving power system are additive so that these undesired bearing effects cumulatively contribute to the overall system imperfections.
Some precision applications employ servomechanisms to accurately control the position of an output shaft. An example of such a servomechanism is disclosed in Jamieson U.S. Pat. No. 3,034,028. The Jamieson device is a position control servomechanism which has an input member which provides an electrical signal utilized to control an output member. The Jamieson invention employs frequency modulation techniques to correlate the speed, shaft position or other measurable characteristic of the input and output members. Although the Jamieson device can achieve precise control of the output member, it does not address the undesirable effects friction and stiction may have on the performance of the device. In this regard, it is well known that friction will tend to disturb the smooth operation of a servo controlled motor system, and this is particularly true of stiction, the often severe resistance to start up motion. A system with stiction often suffers from undesired motion, such as jitter, that often negates effective servo control.
In an effort to minimize friction in various types of motors (electric, turbine etc.), many designs have been devised which purportedly have reduced friction in such motors. One such design utilizes a bearing incorporating air under pressure. Although this air bearing design is very effective in reducing friction, its disadvantage is that it must be initially set into motion by other means before its low friction advantages can be fully realized. Consequently, stiction remains an important shortcoming of this design. Although magnetic suspension designs have essentially eliminated stiction, such designs are very expensive and are probably limited to fairly small systems.
In an attempt to overcome the limitations of conventional motor systems presented by their inherent stiction and friction characteristics, some prior art motor systems have incorporated preloading in order to negate the effects of these forces of friction and stiction. However, such designs tend to adversely affect the smooth operation of the motor system. In addition, compensating for the stiction and friction characteristics of a motor system makes the system inordinately complex making it more error prone as well as more likely to malfunction and break down.
Many prior art systems incorporate two motors which are simultaneously controlled. An example of such a system is disclosed in Hender U.S. Pat. No. 3,771,032. The Hender invention is basically an electric motor control system in which two motors which are interconnected electrically and mechanically are electrically controlled so that the armatures and field assemblies can rotate at different speeds in order to afford infinitely variable speed control of members driven jointly by them. Although utilization of two motors effectively allows variable speed control of the driven members, the necessity of utilizing two motors would, in many applications, increase the stiction of the system.
In many modern commercial applications, it is desirable to control the speed of the driving power system. Some prior art motor systems employ either a means of introducing resistance in the wound rotor circuit or a special control circuit to vary the speed of the driving motor. An example of such a system is disclosed in Drummond U.S. Pat. No. 2,787,747. The Drummond system incorporates a pair of similar motors in which the rotors are interconnected and in which the stators may be mechanically interconnected for opposed synchronous rotation. However, a major disadvantage of the Drummond system is that it does not address the increased friction presented by the use of two motors and does not address the increased stiction also presented by the use of two motors which may introduce undesired motor output control imprecision when the system is started.
Some prior art motor systems utilize two interconnected motors in order to provide greater (or specific) control of the motor torque output. An example of such a motor is disclosed in Carlson U.S. Pat. No. 4,373,147. The Carlson motor incorporates two motors mounted within a single housing. One member of each of the motors rotates relative to the other motor member. The first motor rotor and the second motor stator in the Carlson invention are rigidly secured together. The Carlson device is specifically adapted to measure the consistency of the material in which the output is immersed. The Carlson motor determines the consistency of the material by measurement of the reaction torque experienced by the first stator which feeds a control signal to the second stator to compensate for the reactional torque experienced by the first stator. However, the Carlson device is an accurate measuring unit only if the rotor is not moving, and very inaccurate if the rotor is moving due to the effects of back EMF, friction etc. In addition, the Carlson motor generally has the same number and type of component parts as two separate motors and does not present any savings in weight or complexity over two separate motors . Furthermore, the Carlson patent does not address the problems of friction and stiction in a servo controlled application.
A motive system incorporating bearings is thus needed that can substantially reduce the effects of bearing friction and stiction and result in a controlled system that is free from undesired jitter for enhanced output precision and consistency. A motive system incorporating bearings is also needed that can achieve reduced bearing friction and stiction while having fewer component parts for improved simplicity, reliability and efficiency.


This invention provides a method of colonic cleansing.

Colon cleansing is important prior to numerous diagnostic and surgical procedures, for example before colonoscopy, barium enema examination or colon surgery. It is also useful for preventing infection after surgery on the lower intestine. Colon cleansing is also known as colon clearing.
A variety of methods for colon cleansing are known. Dietary manipulation, laxatives, cathartics and enemas were traditionally used (Thomas, G. et al., Gastroenterology, 1982, 82, 435 437). Sodium phosphate solutions (Clarkston, W. K. et al., Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 1996, 43, 43 48) and magnesium citrate/sodium picosulphate solutions (Regev, A. et al., Am. J. Gastroenterol., 1998, 93, 1478 1482) have also been used.
Those methods suffer from various drawbacks. Dietary manipulation and laxatives are time consuming; enemas are unpleasant for the patient; and dangerous salt and water losses may occur with cathartics, enemas and with sodium phosphate solutions.
Therefore, there is a great need to identify novel colon cleansing compositions and methods without these drawbacks.

Agonists of guanylate cyclase and their uses


A driving apparatus of a plasma display panel with a reduced number of low pass filters due to coupling clamping diodes to charge and discharge switches of a power recovery circuit. The driving circuit overcomes electromagnetic interference and noise problems and effectively clamps voltages.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a driving apparatus of a plasma display panel (PDP).
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Flat panel displays, such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs), field emission displays (FEDs) and PDPs, are being actively developed. PDPs have high luminance, high luminous efficiency and a wide viewing angle. Accordingly, they are being highlighted as the primary substitute for conventional cathode ray tubes (CRTs) for large-screen displays of more than 40 inches.
PDPs use plasma generated by gas discharge to display characters or images, and depending on their size, they may have several thousands to millions of pixels. PDPs may be classified as direct current (DC) type and alternating current (AC) type according to voltage driving waveforms and discharge cell structures.
The AC PDP's electrodes are covered with a dielectric layer, which protects the electrodes during discharge. Therefore, the AC PDP has a longer lifespan than the DC PDP.
A typical AC PDP includes scan electrodes and sustain electrodes formed in parallel on one main surface of the PDP, and address electrodes, orthogonally arranged to the scan and sustain electrodes, are formed on the PDP's other main surface.
In general, a typical AC PDP driving method uses a reset period, an address period, and a sustain period.
During the reset period, cells are reset so as to readily perform the subsequent address operation. During the address period, cells that are to be turned on are selected, and an address discharge accumulates wall charges in the turned-on cells (i.e., addressed cells). During the sustain period, images are displayed by applying a sustain discharge voltage pulse to the addressed cells.
As used herein, "wall charges" refers to charges that accumulate on the electrodes and are formed on the wall (e.g., dielectric layer) of the discharge cells. The wall charges may not actually contact the electrodes because they are covered by a dielectric layer. However, for ease of description, the wall charges may be described herein as being "formed on", "stored on" or "accumulated on" the electrodes.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,866,349 and 5,081,400 disclose a sustain discharge circuit (or a power recovery circuit) that may recover inactive power for charging and discharging a panel capacitor. The power recovery circuit may charge and discharge the panel capacitor using an inductor and an LC resonance.
FIG. 1 shows a conventional power recovery circuit.
As shown in FIG. 1, the power recovery circuit includes a sustain discharge path having sustain discharge switches Ys, Yg, Xs and Xg, and charge and discharge paths for charging electric charges between the panel capacitor Cp and the power recovery capacitors Cyr and Cxr. A Y electrode may be charged through a path of a switch Yr, a diode YDr and an inductor Ly and may be discharged through a path of the inductor Ly, a diode YDf and a switch Yf. Similarly, an X electrode may be charged through a path of a switch Xr, a diode XDr and an inductor Lx and may be discharged through a path of the inductor Lx, a diode XDf and a switch Xf.
However, the inductor and parasite capacitors of the switches may resonate, thereby generating a distorted waveform such as an overshoot and an undershoot. Accordingly, in order to suppress the distorted waveform and reduce a withstand voltage of the switches, the power recovery circuit further includes clamping diodes YDCH, XDCH, YDCL and XDCL for preventing a voltage at the front stage of the inductors Ly and Lx from rising above a fixed voltage Vs or falling below 0 V.
Additionally, in order to overcome electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems and noise due to the resonance between inductors and parasite capacitors, low pass filters (LPF), such as EMI beads, for suppressing high frequency components may be inserted between diodes.
However, these LPFs may be provided on the same path as the clamping diodes, which may lead to poor functionality of the clamping diodes.

Driving apparatus of plasma display panel


A device suitable for wireless communication with a network entity. The device comprises a functional unit configured to monitor an operational state of the device and, in response to detecting that the device is in a de-powered operational state, to inform the network entity of an ability of the device to wirelessly communicate with the network entity during a future time interval while the device remains in a de-powered operational state. A second functional unit capable of wireless communication with the network entity may also be provided and may be selectably powered from either a main power source or an alternate power source such that the second functional unit is powered from the alternate power source during the future time interval and becomes unpowered from the alternate power source after the future time interval. Thus, de-powered devices can be located and communicated with more easily.

In certain environments, such as the healthcare environment, there is a need to determine the location of, or communicate with, equipment that is powered down, yet the very act de-powering of the equipment (e.g., by turning off the device or depletion/removal of a battery) renders location of, and communication with, such equipment difficult, if not impossible. Hence there is a need for a device with an improved ability to communicate upon entering a de-powered operational state. There is also a need to develop systems and methods for communicating with such a device.

Wireless-enabled device with capability of responding to changes in operational state


It is intended to provide a kit or a device for the detection of esophageal cancer and a method for detecting esophageal cancer. The present invention provides a kit or a device for the detection of esophageal cancer, comprising nucleic acid(s) capable of specifically binding to miRNA(s) in a sample f a subject, and a method for detecting esophageal cancer, comprising measuring the miRNA in vitro.

The esophagus is a tubular organ that conveys food from the mouth to the stomach, and is positioned between the trachea and the backbone. The wall of the esophagus is divided into 4 layers: mucosa, submucosa, proper muscular layer, and outer membrane from inside toward outside. These layers have their respective functions of conveying food from the mouth to the stomach (Non-Patent Literature 1). According to the 2012 statistics of cancer type in Japan disclosed by the Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, the number of esophageal cancer deaths climbed to 11,592 people, and esophageal cancer is the 10th leading cause of cancer type-specific mortality. Japanese men have 5.6 times higher risk of mortality due to esophageal cancer than women, and smoking and alcohol intake are reported risk factors for esophageal cancer (Non-Patent Literature 1). Also, it is estimated that one out of 125 American men and one out of 435 American women experience esophageal cancer. The estimated number of individuals affected by esophageal cancer in 2014 climbed to 18,170 people, among which approximately 15,450 people reportedly died (Non-Patent Literature 1).
The progressed stages of esophageal cancer are defined in Non-Patent Literature 2 and classified into stage 0 (Tis/N0/M0), stage IA (T1/N0/M0), stage IB (T2/N0/M0), stage IIA (T3/N/M), stage IIB (T1 to T2/N1/M0s), stage IIIA (T4a/N0/M0, T3/N1/M0, and T1 to T2/N2/M), stage IIIB (T3/N2/M0), stage IIIC (T4a/N1 to N2/M0, T4b/M0, and N3/M0), and stage IV (M1) according to tumor size (Tis, T1 to T3, and T4a to T4b), lymph node metastasis (N1 to N3), distant metastasis (M0 to M1), etc.
The 5-year relative survival rate of esophageal cancer largely depends on the stages of cancer progression and is reportedly 39% for tumors limited to esophageal tissues, 21% for tumors limited to esophageal and adjacent tissues, and 4% for tumors that have metastasized distantly (Non-Patent Literature 1). Thus, the early detection of esophageal cancer leads to drastic improvement in the survival rate. Therefore, the provision of an approach that permits the early detection is strongly desired.
The method for treating esophageal cancer is determined in view of the stages of cancer progression and general conditions and mainly includes endoscopic therapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and anticancer agents. Esophageal cancer that has progressed to some extent is treated by multimodality therapy which combines these treatment methods to exert synergistic effects by exploiting their respective features (Non-Patent Literature 1). Early esophageal cancer at stage 0, 1, or the like may be adaptable to endoscopic therapy or photo dynamic therapy, which places less burden on patients (Non-Patent Literature 1).
According to Non-Patent Literature 1, initial diagnostic tests of esophageal cancer are X-ray esophagography and endoscopy. In addition, CT scan, MRI scan, endosonography, ultrasonography, or the like is performed in order to examine the degree of cancer spread. When there are findings on suspected esophageal cancer by these initial tests, pathological examination which involves inserting a needle into a lesion and collecting cells or tissues to be examined under a microscope is carried out as a secondary test. For example, CEA and SCC are known as tumor markers in blood for the detection of esophageal cancer (Non-Patent Literature 3).
As shown in Patent Literature 1, there is a report, albeit at a research stage, on the detection of esophageal cancer using the expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) or combinations of the expression levels of miRNAs and the expression levels of additional protein markers in biological samples including blood.
Patent Literature 1 discloses a method for detecting esophageal cancer by measuring miRNAs such as miR-663a, miR-92a-3p, and miR-575 in serum.

Esophageal cancer detection kit or device, and detection method


A lateral high-voltage device in which conductive trench plates are inserted across the voltage-withstand region, so that, in the on state, the current density vectors have less convergence. This can help reduce on-resistance.

The present application relates to semiconductor devices, and more particularly to lateral devices which are capable of switching relatively high voltages, e.g. of 50V or more.
Many power devices are designed as vertical devices, where the direction of carrier flow is into the semiconductor material (normal to the surface of the wafer). However, there are many advantages to "lateral" power devices, i.e. to transistors which have their direction of carrier flow approximately parallel to the surface. One outstanding attraction of lateral devices is process compatibility, since lateral devices can usually be fabricated with process steps which are the similar to or at least compatible with those used for low-voltage devices. Another attraction is that lateral devices tend to be somewhat easier to integrate with low-voltage devices, to provide "smart power" or "integrated power" functionality.
A MOS-gated transistor referred to as an "oxide-bypassed" VDMOS transistor has been proposed for minimizing the specific on-resistance of devices. See Liang et al., "Oxide-Bypassed VDMOS (OBVDMOS): An Alternative to Superjunction High Voltage MOS Power Devices, 22 IEEE Electron Device Letters No. 8, August 2001, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The structure shown in FIG. 1 was originally proposed, but several variations of this structure have been suggested. See e.g. Liang et al., "Tunable Oxide-Bypassed VDMOS (OBVDMOS): Breaking the Silicon Limit for the Second Generation", ISPSD 2002; and Yang et al., "Tunable Oxide-Bypassed Trench Gate MOSFET: Breaking the Ideal Superjunction MOSFET Performance Line at Equal Column Width", 24 IEEE Electron Device Letters No. 11, November 2003; both of which are hereby incorporated by reference. In the OBVDMOS device shown in FIG. 1, the thick oxide 102 is capable of sustaining the high source-to-drain voltage (between source 120 and drain 130), while the buried pillars 110 of N+ or P+ polysilicon that are located on both sides of the voltage-withstand region 140 help to deplete the voltage-withstand region 140 of n-type carriers when there is a drain-to-source voltage present. For a specific voltage-withstand region width and doping concentration, the thickness of the oxide layer 102 between the N+ or P+ polysilicon 110 and the voltage-withstand region 140 can be selected to deplete the entire voltage-withstand region 140 at peak reverse bias.

Lateral high-voltage transistor with vertically-extended voltage-equalized drift region


A belt for use on a long nip press for dewatering a fibrous web includes a base fabric, woven from machine-direction and cross-machine directions yarns and taking the form of an endless loop. The base fabric many be woven from monofilaments yarns of a synthetic polymeric resin in either a single- or a multi-layer weave. At least one side of the base fabric, namely, that side which will be on the inside of the belt in its endless loop form, and which slides over the arcuate pressure shoe component of the long nip press during its operation, is coated with a polymeric resin, such as polyurethane, to render it impervious to liquids, especially lubricating oil. The coating is reinforced with a flexible layer of reinforcing fiber which may take the form of a woven sheet or may be in single filament form in single or multiple layers thereof. When in single filament form, each layer includes filaments disposed adjacent and substantially parallel to one another. The reinforcing fiber may be of a synthetic polymeric resin or of metal. In either case, the reinforcement renders the coating less susceptible to cracking and to damage from foreign objects while the belt is in use on the long nip press.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to mechanisms for extracting water f rom a web of material, and more particularly from a fibrous web being processed into a paper product on a papermaking machine. Specifically, the present invention is an impermeable belt designed for use in conjunction with an long nip press on a papermaking machine.
2. Description of the Prior Art
During the papermaking process, a fibrous web is formed on a forming wire by depositing a fibrous slurry thereon. A large amount of water is drained from the slurry during this process, after which the newly formed web proceeds to a press section. The press section includes a series of press nips, in which the fibrous web is subjected to compressive forces designed to remove water therefrom. The web finally proceeds to a drying section which includes heated dryer drums around which the web is directed. The heated dryer drums reduce the water content of the web to a desirable level through evaporation.
Rising energy costs have made it increasingly desirable to remove as much water as possible from the web prior to its entering the dryer section. The dryer drums are often heated from within by steam and related costs can be substantial especially when a large amount of water needs to be removed from the web.
Traditionally, press sections have included a series of nips formed by pairs of adjacent cylindrical press rollers. Recently, the use of long press nips has been found to be advantageous over the use of nips formed by pairs of adjacent rollers. The longer the web can be subjected to pressure in the nip, the more water can be removed there, and, consequently, the less will remain to be removed through evaporation in the dryer section.
The present invention relates to long nip presses of the shoe type. In this variety of long nip press, the nip is formed between a cylindrical press roller and an arcuate pressure shoe. The latter has a cylindrically concave surface having a radius of curvature close to that of the cylindrical press roller. When roller and shoe are brought into close physical proximity, a nip is formed which can be five to ten times longer in the machine direction than one formed between two press rollers. This increases the so-called dwell time of the fibrous web in the long nip while maintaining the same level of pressure per square inch pressing force used in a two-roller press. The result of this new long nip technology has been a dramatic increase in dewatering of the fibrous web in the long nip when compared to conventional nips on paper machines.
A long nip press of the shoe type requires a special belt, such as that shown in Canadian Patent No. 1,188,556. This belt is designed to protect the press fabric supporting, carrying, and dewatering the fibrous web from the accelerated wear that would result from direct, sliding contact over the stationary pressure shoe. Such a belt must be made with a smooth impervious surface that rides, or slides over the stationary shoe on a lubricating film of oil. The belt moves through the nip at roughly the same speed as the press fabric, thereby subjecting the press fabric to minimal amounts of rubbing against stationary components.
Belts of the variety shown in Canadian Patent No. 1,188,556 are made by impregnating a woven base fabric, which takes the form of an endless loop, with a synthetic polymeric resin. Preferably, the resin forms a coating of some predetermined thickness on the inner surface of the belt, so that the yarns from which the base fabric is woven may be protected from direct contact with the arcuate pressure shoe component of the long nip press. It is specifically this coating which must have a smooth, impervious surface to slide readily over the lubricated shoe and to prevent any of the lubricating oil from penetrating the structure of the belt to contaminate the press fabric, or fabrics, and fibrous web.
In practice, during the operation of the long nip press, the coating is subjected to considerable mechanical stress. As the belt takes the form of an endless loop, it is directed through the long press nip by several rollers, each of which serve to flex the belt, thereby subjecting the coating to a repeated stress that may ultimately lead to cracking. At the same time, contact with foreign objects may damage the coating during the normal operation of the belt on the papermachine.
The present invention provides a solution to these problems in the form of a surface reinforcement for the coated surfaces of long nip press belts.


A control device controls a device to be on and off in response to boot data that instructs boot of the device. The control device includes a receiving unit that receives the boot data through a network; a counting unit configured to count the number of the boot data received within a predetermined time; and a control unit that controls to turn on and to turn off the device. The control device controls to turn on the device when the number of the boot data counted is “1”. The control device controls to turn off the device when the number of the boot data counted is “N”.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a technology for controlling a device in turning the device on and off through a network.
2. Description of the Related Art
A technology for remotely booting an information processor such as a personal computer (PC) from an external device through a local area network (LAN) has been developed. Such a technology is disclosed in, for example, "Magic Packet™ Technology", searched on Feb. 6, 2003, <URL:http://www.amd.com/gb-uk/ConnectivitySolutions/ProductInformation/0,50—2330—2403—2420^2481,00.html>, "Building a Managed Computing Environment", searched on Jun. 18, 2003, <URL:http://www.intel.com/network/connectivity/resources/do c_library/white_papers/solutions/managed_environment.htm>, and "Wake up to Wake-on-LAN", searched on May 13, 2003, <URL:http://www.networking.ibm.com/eji/ejiwake.html>. For example, FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a conventional LAN card that enables a remote boot of a main unit. A LAN card 60 is connected to a power supply unit 30 in the main unit with a three-pin connector 20. Thus, a remote boot of a main unit 6 of a PC through the LAN is enabled. A PCI2.2-compliant PCI (peripheral component interconnect) bus can be used instead of the connector 20.
The LAN card 60 includes a power controller 600. When receiving a boot packet for instructing a boot of the main unit 6, the power controller 600 outputs a boot signal to the power supply unit 30. The power controller 600 is supplied with power from the power supply unit 30 through the connector 20.
The power controller 600 includes an analog receiver 610 and a protocol analyzer 620. The analog receiver 610 receives an analog signal from the LAN and converts the analog signal into digital data to transmit to the protocol analyzer 620.
The protocol analyzer 620 analyzes the digital data. The protocol analyzer 620 includes a boot packet detector 621 that detects a boot packet. The boot packet detector 621 detects the boot packet in the digital data, and outputs a boot signal to the power supply unit 30.
The main unit 6 can be remotely booted through the LAN in such a manner that the power controller 600 detects the boot packet and outputs the boot signal for turning on the power for the main unit 6, to the power supply unit 30. In other words, an external device connected to the main unit 6 through the LAN can remotely boot the main unit 6 by transmitting the boot packet to the main unit 6.
In the conventional technologies, however, a device cannot be controlled to be shut down remotely from an external device. To shut down the device, it is necessary to use a shutdown function provided by an operating system in the device.
If the operating system is out of control, for example, due to a hang up of the device, the device cannot be remotely shut down.

Power-supply control device, power-supply control method, and computer product


An exposure apparatus includes a projection optical system for exposing and transferring a pattern on a mask onto an object, an illumination optical system for forming a secondary light source surface approximately conjugate with a pupil in the projection optical system, and for illuminating the mask, and a mechanism for making non-uniform at least one of a transmittance distribution from the secondary light source to the object and a light intensity distribution on the secondary light source surface.

The present invention relates to exposure apparatuses and device fabrication methods using the same. The present invention is particularly suitable for an exposure-apparatus used for micro-lithography to form a fine pattern for semiconductors, liquid crystal devices ("LCDs"), magnetic materials, etc.
The device fabrication using the lithography technique has employed a projection exposure apparatus that uses a projection optical system to project a circuit pattern formed on a mask or reticle (these terms are used interchangeably in this application) onto a wafer, thereby transferring the circuit pattern.
In general, the projection exposure apparatus includes an illumination optical system for illuminating the mask using light emitted from a light source, and the projection optical system, located between the mask and an object to be exposed. The illumination optical system typically introduces light from the light source to an optical integrator, such as a fly-eye lens, to obtain a uniform illumination area, and uses an optical-integrator exit surface as a secondary light source surface to Koehler-illuminate a mask surface via a condenser lens.
A most effective light source should be formed according to reticle patterns for high quality exposure. The effective light source means an angular distribution of the exposure light incident onto a wafer surface. For example, this effective light source distribution is implemented by adjusting to a desired shape a light intensity distribution near the fly-eye-lens exit surface i.e., a secondary light source surface.
FIG. 9 shows a relationship among a secondary light source distribution, a pupil transmittance distribution, and an effective light source distribution in a conventional exposure apparatus. Although the secondary light source distribution may form various shapes including a circular shape and an annular shape according to reticle patterns, it indicates an illumination condition with coherence factor σ=0.8. As in the illustrated secondary light source distribution, the conventional light intensity distribution has been adjusted to be uniform or flat. Since the pupil transmittance distribution is approximately uniform, the effective light source distribution becomes uniform on the wafer surface, providing σ=0.8 uniformly without any difference of effective light source distribution between an on-axis and an off-axis.
The resolution R of the projection exposure apparatus is given by the following equation where λ is a wavelength of the light source, NA is the numerical aperture, and k1 is a constant determined by a development process and others:R=k1(λ/NA)  (1)
The recent demands for highly integrated devices have increasingly required fine patterns to be transferred or higher resolution. From the above equation, a higher numerical aperture NA and reduced wavelength λ would be effective to obtain the higher resolution.
Thus, an exposure light source used for the exposure apparatus has shifted to a shorter wavelength from i-line (with a wavelength of 365 nm) to KrF excimer laser (with a wavelength of 248 nm), ArF excimer laser (with a wavelength of 193 nm), and even F2 laser (with a wavelength of 157 nm). NA has shifted larger from 0.7 to 0.75.
However, such a short wavelength as 200 nm or less and NA of 0.70 or higher (i.e., high NA) have created a problem in that the secondary light source distribution and the effective light source distribution do not accord with each other, and the effective light source distribution does not become uniform even when the secondary light source distribution is made uniform, lowering the exposure performance.
In other words, the higher NA results in a larger light incident angle onto each optical element, making it difficult to maintain constant an angular characteristic of the transmittance (and reflectance) in a required incident angle area. More specifically, the transmittance near the optical axis appears to be low because a light transmitting element, such as a lens, is thick at its center part and thin at its peripheral in view of the glass material's transmittance, but the transmittance at the peripheral actually becomes lower because a coating or reflection prevention film affects the transmittance more greatly. This is because the transmittance decreases more remarkably as a refraction angle of light incident onto the optical element becomes larger due to the coating, and the light transmitting through the peripheral of the light transmitting element has larger refraction angle than that transmitting through its center part. Although the conventional design technique has succeeded in maintaining within a permissible range, the transmittance reduction caused by the refraction angle at the peripheral, the refraction angle has become larger with the higher NA and the transmittance reduction has been unable to be maintained within the permissible range. In addition, the shorter wavelength limits usable materials for a reflection prevention film applied onto the transmission member, and restricts a degree of freedom of design.
FIG. 10 shows a relationship among a secondary light source distribution, a pupil transmittance distribution, and an effective light source distribution in an exposure apparatus having a high NA. The secondary light source distribution is set to have a uniform coherence factor σ=0.8, similar to FIG. 9. However, the lower pupil transmittance distribution at its peripheral as shown in the middle in FIG. 10 results in a non-uniform effective light source distribution, as well as a non-uniform effective a value of less of less than 0.8.
FIG. 11 shows a relationship among a secondary light source distribution, a pupil transmittance distribution, and an effective light source distribution in an exposure apparatus having a catadioptric projection optical system. The secondary light source distribution is set to have a uniform coherence factor σ=0.8, similar to FIG. 9. However, the non-uniform pupil transmittance distribution as shown in the middle in FIG. 11 prevents from the effective light source distribution from being uniform, as well as providing a non-uniform effective σ value of less of less than 0.8. In particular, a mirror has different reflectance depending upon a deflection angle. Here, the pupil transmittance in this application means optical use efficiency in an optical system including reflectance.
Thus, the optical system in the exposure apparatus has different transmittances between part near the optical axis and part apart from the optical axis, and provides eccentric angular distribution of the exposure light incident onto the wafer (i.e., effective light source distribution). Disadvantageously, this results in an undesirable angular distribution of the exposure light incident onto the wafer surface (i.e., effective light source distribution) even when the secondary light source distribution is adjusted to a desired distribution since the subsequent optical system has a non-uniform transmittance distribution (or pupil transmittance distribution). In other words, a predetermined resolution critical dimension (in particular, minimum line width) cannot disadvantageously obtained because this results in exposure with a coherence factor different from a most suitable one.
This problem occurs at wafer center positions (on-axis) and wafer peripheral (off-axis), but another problem of an offset center of gravity occurs at the off-axis in which a deviation of an effective light source distribution incident onto the on-axis deviates differently from that incident onto the off-axis. As a result, in addition to the above problem, the off-axis critical dimension to be transferred to the wafer is different according to positions.

Exposure apparatus and method, and device fabricating method using the same


In order to be capable of high-precision gas measurement and evaluating influences of a gas on an electron source, and to predict a life of an image display device with high precision for a short period of time, there is provided a sealed container which is capable of maintaining an inside thereof to a lower pressure than an atmospheric pressure, and is used for an image display device including in the inside: a phosphor; an electron-emitting device for causing the phosphor to emit light; and a getter, the sealed container including an exhaust pipe having a breakable vacuum isolating member on at least one side of the image display device. Accordingly, after the exhaust pipe is connected to a gas measuring apparatus, by vacuum-exhausting the gas measuring apparatus and breaking the breakable vacuum isolating member, it is possible to perform a gas measurement on the image display device by using a measuring chamber having an orifice having a known conductance and installed in part of an exhaust channel of the gas measuring apparatus for vacuum-exhausting the image display device.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a sealed container, a manufacturing method therefor, a gas measuring method, and a gas measuring apparatus for implementing the gas measuring method. More specifically, the invention relates to a sealed container used for a flat panel display, a manufacturing method for the sealed container, a gas measuring method used for measuring a gas rate of an emission gas, a leakage gas, or the like or measuring a life of a getter, and a gas measuring apparatus for implementing the gas measuring method.
2. Related Background Art
Examples of self-light emitting flat panel displays include a plasma display, an EL display device, and an image display device using an electron beam. An image display device using a sealed container that maintains its inside to a lower pressure than the atmospheric pressure is represented by a cathode ray tube (hereinafter, referred to as "CRT") of a television set, but devices and apparatuses including the plasma display and a flat panel display using an electron beam also utilize the sealed container that has a pair of plates and maintains its inside to a lower pressure than the atmospheric pressure. Currently, there are increasing demands for the display devices to have a larger screen and a higher definition, and there are ever-growing needs for the self-light emitting flat panel displays.
Such image display devices face a major problem of an image display life. This is because, while having a gas source that may be hit by electrons and ions, the image display device must maintain a high vacuum for as long as several tens of thousands of hours by limited exhaust means, making it necessary for electron radiation from an electron source to be conducted in a stable manner over a long period of time. The radioactivity of the electrons from the electron source is largely influenced by an emission gas inside the image display device. For example, the CRT may involve a problem of damage caused by Ar (JP 10-269930 A).
Accordingly, it is necessary to grasp types of gases causing damage to an electron source in an operation state and a gas generation rate (gas emission from a member) to reduce the damage to the electron source.
Further, in order to maintain a pressure inside a panel by the limited exhaust means, it is necessary to exhaust the emission gas emitted from the member. As the exhaust means, a barium getter is conventionally known, and almost all of its basic properties have become apparent. However, a gas absorbing power of the barium getter inside an actual panel is hard to estimate from the basic properties. This is because the absorbing power of a getter film largely differs according to a fine structure of the getter film inside the panel, the amount and type of the emission gas inside the panel (generation of a reaction product), and the like. Therefore, the absorbing power of a getter inside an actual panel can be only directly measured with respect to a subject panel.
Accordingly, as a method of measuring a life of an image display device, it is a problem of urgency to establish a method of measuring a life of a getter, in which an influence of a gas exerted to a device when an image is displayed is evaluated (an emission gas rate is accurately measured for each type of gas) while a vacuum state of the image display device is maintained.
On the other hand, known as a conventional gas measuring method is a method of measuring a gas partial pressure using a quadrupole mass spectrometer (Q-Mass) as a mass spectrometer for analyzing gases inside a vacuum apparatus and a process chamber (JP 2952894 B).
Proposed as a method of measuring an emission gas rate and an adsorption gas rate for each gas is a measuring method using a partial pressure gauge provided to each of two chambers that are connected to each other through an orifice (JP 05-072015 A). Also, for a CRT, plural methods of measuring an emission gas rate and an adsorption gas rate are proposed as the method of measuring a life of a getter. Examples of the proposed plural methods include: a method of heating a CRT to 150° C. to 250° C. and measuring an emission gas rate while cooling the CRT (JP 07-226159 A); a method of measuring a gas absorbing power of a getter film after the CRT is caused to run for a predetermined period of time, calculating an amount of an emission gas from a built-in member of the CRT, and estimating a long-term life of a getter based on the calculated amount (JP 10-208641 A); and a method of finding a relationship between an amount of a getter and a life of a CRT by setting the amount of the getter to a small amount (JP 2000-076999 A).
Further, JP 2000-340115 A discloses a manufacturing method for an image display device in which a manufacturing process is performed while a state of an atmosphere is being monitored by using an orifice having a known conductance and installed in part of an exhaust channel of a manufacturing apparatus for vacuum pumping.
According to the gas measuring methods disclosed in JP 2952894 B and JP 05-072015 A, a gas measurement is performed by placing a measurement sample inside a vacuum chamber and using a mass spectrometer, enabling the measurement for each type of gas. Particularly in JP 05-072015 A, a vacuum chamber having an orifice is used, enabling the measurement of an emission gas rate for each type of gas as well. However, it is difficult to place a large apparatus such as a flat panel display inside the vacuum chamber for the measurement. If the measuring apparatus is manufactured to be adapted for such a large apparatus, a huge manufacturing cost is required, making it hard to implement such arrangement.
The gas measurement for a CRT has long been performed. However, in JP 07-226159 A, a mass spectrometer is not used for the gas measurement, thereby making it impossible to measure an emission gas rate for each type of gas, and a gas to be adsorbed to a getter cannot be supplied, thereby making it impossible to accurately evaluate a life of a CRT. Further, in JP 10-208641 A, there are included an orifice and a total pressure gauge for measuring an emission gas rate, and a gas supply system for measuring a gas adsorbing power of a getter. However, a mass spectrometer is not used for a partial pressure measurement, thereby making it impossible to measure an emission gas rate for each type of gas. Also, it is possible to supply to the CRT a gas to be adsorbed to a getter through the orifice at a constant rate. However, lack of a chamber for adjustment of a pressure makes it difficult to adjust a pressure of the supplied gas, resulting in a long-time measurement. Further, according to the method of JP 2000-076999 A, which serves to measure the relationship between an amount of a getter and a life of a CRT by setting the amount of the getter to a small amount, the measurement requires a long period of time, and the gas measurement cannot be performed for a type of gas that is actually generated in the CRT. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately predict the life of the CRT.
The manufacturing method for an image display device disclosed in JP 2000-340115 A is suitable for a gas measuring method during the manufacturing, but is difficult to use as a gas measuring method for an image display device that has become a vacuum container.
Alternatively, as the gas measuring method for a CRT that has been manufactured, there is a method in which a hole is opened by a punch when a pipe for a measurement is connected to a funnel of the CRT.
However, according to this method, in the case of an apparatus using a thin glass plate such as a flat panel display, a crack easily develops, increasing the possibility of generating a leak.

Sealed container, manufacturing method therefor, gas measuring method, and gas measuring apparatus


The invention is generally related to methods of treating autoimmune diseases, including both antibody-mediated and cell-mediated disorders.

Autoimmune diseases are caused by the failure of the immune system to distinguish self from non-self. In these diseases, the immune system reacts against self tissues and this response ultimately causes inflammation and tissue injury. Autoimmune diseases can be classified into two basic categories: antibody-mediated diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), pemphigus vulgaris, myasthenia gravis, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia purpura, Grave's disease, Sjogren's disease and dermatomyositis; and cell-mediated diseases such as Hashimoto's disease, polymyositis, disease inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and scleroderma.
In many autoimmune diseases, tissue injury is caused by the production of antibodies to native tissue. These antibodies are called autoantibodies, in that they are produced by a mammal and have binding sites to the mammal's own tissue. Some of these disorders have characteristic waxing and waning of the amount of circulating autoantibodies causing varying symptoms over time.
Of the different types of antibody-mediated autoimmune disorders, SLE is a disorder that has been well studied and documented. SLE is a disorder of generalized autoimmunity characterized by B cell hyperactivity with numerous autoantibodies against nuclear, cytoplasmic and cell surface antigens.
This autoimmune disease has a multifactorial pathogenesis with genetic and environmental precipitating factors (reviewed in Hahn, B. H., Dubois' Lupus Erythematosus, 5th Ed. (1997), pp.69–76 (D. J. Wallace et al. eds., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore)). Among the numerous lymphocyte defects described in SLE is a failure of regulatory T cells to inhibit B cell function (Horwitz, D. A., Dubois' Lupus Erythematosus, 5th Ed. (1997), pp.155–194 (D. J. Wallace et al. eds., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore)). Sustained production of polyclonal IgG and autoantibodies in vitro requires T cell help (Shivakumar, S. et al. (1989), J Immunol 143:103–112).
Regulatory T cells can down-regulate antibody synthesis by lytic or cytokine-mediated mechanisms. The latter involve transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and other inhibitory cytokines (Wahl, S. M. (1994), J Exp Med 180:1587–190). Circulating B lymphocytes spontaneously secreting antibodies are increased in patients with active SLE (Klinman, D. M. et al. (1991), Arthritis Rheum 34:1404–1410). Clinical manifestations of SLE include a rash (especially on the face in a "butterfly" distribution), glomerulonephritis, pleurisy, pericarditis and central nervous system involvement. Most patients are women, and are relatively young (average age at diagnosis is 29).
The treatment of SLE depends on the clinical manifestations. Some patients with mild clinical symptoms respond to simple measures such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. However, more severe symptoms usually require steroids with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive action such as prednisone. Other strong immunosuppressive drugs which can be used are azathioprine and cyclophosphamide. The steroids and other immunosuppressive drugs have side effects due to the global reduction of the mammal's immune system. There is presently no ideal treatment for SLE and the disease cannot be cured.
Currently, considerable attention has been focused on the identity of genes which enhance the susceptibility or resistance to SLE, the identification of antigenic determinants that trigger the disease, the molecular mechanisms of T cell activation which results in survival or apoptosis, cytokines which determine T cell function, and the properties of the autoantibody-forming B cells. Many examples of T cell dysregulation in SLE have been described (reviewed in Horwitz, D. A. et al., Dubois' Lupus Erythematosus, 5th Ed. (1997), pp. 83–96 (D. J. Wallace et al. eds., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore). Although it is well recognized that the primary role of certain lymphocytes is to down-regulate immune responses, progress in elucidating the identity and mechanisms required for generation of these cells has been slow.
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has previously been considered to have an important role in the generation of antigen non-specific T suppressor cells. Anti-IL-2 antibodies given to mice coincident with the induction of graft-versus-host-disease resulted in several features of SLE (Via, C. S. et al. (1993), International Immunol. 5:565–572). Whether IL-2 directly or indirectly is important in the generation of suppression has been controversial (Fast, L. D. (1992), J. Immunol. 149:1510–1515; Hirohata, S. et al. (1989), J. Immunol. 142:3104–3112; Baylor, C. E. (1992), Advances Exp. Med. Biol. 319:125–135). Recently, IL-2 has been shown to induce CD8+ cells to suppress HIV replication in CD4+ T cells by a non-lytic mechanism. This effect is cytokine mediated, but the specific cytokine has not been identified (Kinter, A. L. et al. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 92:10985–10989; Barker, T. D. et al. (1996), J. Immunol. 156:4478–4483). T cell production of IL-2 is decreased in SLE (Horwitz, D. A. et al. (1997), Dubois' Lupus Erythematosus, 5th Ed. (1997), pp. 83–96, D. J. Wallace et al. eds., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore).
CD8+ T cells from subjects with SLE sustain rather than suppress polyclonal IgG production (Linker-Israeli, M. et al. (1990), Arthritis Rheum. 33:1216–1225). CD8+ T cells from healthy donors can be stimulated to enhance antibody production (Takahashi, T. et al. (1991), Clin. Immunol. Immunopath. 58:352–365). However, neither IL-2 nor CD4+ T cells, by themselves, were found to induce CD8+ T cells to develop strong suppressive activity. When NK cells were included in the cultures, strong suppressive activity appeared (Gray, J. D. et al. (1994) J. Exp. Med. 180:1937–1942). It is believed that the contribution of NK cells in the culture was to produce transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in its active form. It was then discovered that non-immunosuppressive (2–10 pg/ml) concentrations of this cytokine served as a co-factor for the generation of strong suppressive effects on IgG and IgM production (Gray, J. D. et al. (1994) J. Exp. Med. 180:1937–1942). In addition, it is believed that NK cells are the principal source of TGF-β in unstimulated lymphocytes (Gray, J. D. et al. (1998), J. Immunol. 160:2248–2254).
TGF-β are a multifunctional family of cytokines important in tissue repair, inflammation and immunoregulation (Massague, J. (1980), Ann. Rev. Cell Biol. 6:597). TGF-β is unlike most other cytokines in that the protein released is biologically inactive and unable to bind to specific receptors (Spom, M. B. et al. (1987) J. Cell Biol. 105:1039–1045). The latent complex is cleaved extracelluarly to release active cytokine as discussed below. The response to TGF-β requires the interaction of two surface receptors (TGF-β-R1) and TGF-β-R2) which are ubiquitously found on mononuclear cells (Massague, J. (1992), Cell 69:1067–1070). Thus, the conversion of latent to active TGF-β is the critical step which determines the biological effects of this cytokine.
It was found that SLE patients have decreased production of TGF-β1 by NK cells. Defects in constitutive TGF-β produced by NK cells, as well induced TGF-β were documented in a study of 38 SLE patients (Ohtsuka, K. et al. (1998), J. Immunol. 160:2539–2545). Neither addition of recombinant IL-2 or TNF-alpha, or antagonism of IL-10 normalized the TGF-β defect in SLE. Decreased production of TGF-β in SLE did not correlate with activity of disease and, therefore, may be a primary defect.
Systemic administration of TGF-β, IL-2, or a combination of both can lead to serious side effects. These cytokines have numerous effects on different body tissues and are not very safe to deliver to a patient systemically. It is, therefore, an object of the invention to provide methods and kits for treating mammalian cells that are responsible for controlling the regulation of autoantibodies to increase the population of cells that down regulate auto-antibody production.

Use of cytokines and mitogens to inhibit pathological immune responses


A driving control device receives power supply from an accessory battery to operate, controls automatic driving, and outputs a control signal. A steering ECU, a power ECU and a brake ECU instruct a steering mechanism, a PCU and a brake to operate based on the control signal, respectively. An emergency stop switch is operated by an operator. In a case where the emergency stop switch is operated, an interface processing device cuts off a switch to stop the power supply, shuts down the driving control device, and outputs a control signal that causes the steering mechanism, the PCU and the brake to perform an emergency stop operation.

An automatic driving vehicle capable of automatically driving is known. Automatic driving means that a computer executes at least part of driving control including vehicle speed control, steering control or the like. The automatic driving vehicle generally comprises a plurality of driving modes including an automatic driving mode to perform the automatic driving, and a manual driving mode in which an operator on board in the automatic driving vehicle performs driving control. Furthermore, there is also an automatic driving vehicle that accepts an operation input from the operator to perform control even in the automatic driving mode.
It is described in JP 2018-124855A that in a case where an emergency stop switch is pressed, an automatic driving vehicle selects an emergency stop position at which the vehicle can stop safely, and performs control to stop the vehicle.

Remotely operated automatic driving vehicle with in-vehicle emergency stop feature