A wiring board has a base insulating film. The base insulating film has a thickness of 20 to 100 μm and is made of a heat-resistant resin which has a glass-transition temperature of 150° C. or higher and which contains reinforcing fibers made of glass or aramid. The base insulating film has the following physical properties (1) to (6) when an elastic modulus at a temperature of T° C. is given as DT (GPa) and a breaking strength at a temperature of T° C. is given as HT (MPa).    (1) A coefficient of thermal expansion in the direction of thickness thereof is 90 ppm/K or less    (2) D23≧5    (3) D150≧2.5    (4) (D−65/D150)≦3.0    (5) H23≧140    (6) (H−65/H150)≦2.3.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a wiring board suitably used for semiconductor packages and modules and to a semiconductor package using the wiring board. More particularly the invention relates to a wiring board, which is capable of including various devices, such as semiconductor devices, in high density, and driving these devices at high speed and which has improved reliability, and to a semiconductor package using the wiring board.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, accompanying an increase in the number of terminals, their narrowed pitches, and increased operation speeds in semiconductor devices which result from the trend toward higher performance and greater functions of the devices, there has been growing demand that wiring boards for packaging provided with the semiconductor device attain higher-density finer wiring and higher-speed operation. As an example of conventional wiring boards for packaging which have found wide use, there are built-up printed boards which are a kind of multilayer printed wiring board.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional built-up printed board. As shown in FIG. 1, this conventional built-up board is provided with a base core substrate 73 made of glass epoxy, and a penetrating through hole 71 having a diameter of about 300 μm is drilled in the base core substrate 73. A conductor wiring 72 is formed on both sides of the base core substrate 73, and an interlayer insulating film 75 is provided so as to cover the conductor wiring 72. Via holes 74 are formed in the interlayer insulating film 75 so as to be connected to the conductor wiring 72, and a conductor wiring 76 is provided on the surface of the interlayer insulating film 75 so as to be connected to the conductor wiring 72 through the via holes 74. The printed board may be provided with a multilayer wiring structure by further repeatedly providing interlayer insulating films in which via holes are formed and conductor wirings on the conductor wiring 76 as required.
However, the built-up printed board has an insufficient heat resistance due to the use of a glass epoxy printed board as the base core substrate 73, so that there is a problem deformations occur with the base core substrate 73, such as shrinkage, warpage and waviness through heat treatment performed for forming the interlayer insulating film 75. As a result, there exists a step of exposing a resist during the formation of the conductor wiring 76 through the patterning of a conductor layer (not shown), the positional accuracy of the exposure is significantly decreased, and hence it becomes difficult to form a high-density and fine wiring pattern on the interlayer insulating film 75. Further, it is necessary to provide land portions at the junctions of the conductor wiring 72 and the penetrating through holes 71 to securely connect them. Even though a wiring having provision for high-speed operation is designed on the built-up layer having the interlayer insulating film 75 and the conductor wiring 76, the control of impedance becomes difficult and loop inductance becomes high due to the presence of the land portions. Because of this, the operating speed of the entire built-up printed board is reduced, which brings about a problem that it is difficult to make the provision for high-speed operation.
To solve these problems caused by the penetrating through holes of the built-up printed board, a method for forming a printed board has been described in place of the method for drilling the penetrating through holes in a glass epoxy substrate in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication Laid-Open No. 2000-269647 and a reference "Proceedings For The Eleventh Microelectronics Symposium, pp. 131 to 134."
FIG. 2A to 2C are cross-sectional views showing this conventional printed board in the order of its manufacturing steps. To begin with, a prepreg 82, on which a predetermined conductor wiring 81 is formed, is prepared as shown in FIG. 2A. Then through holes 83 having a diameter of 150 to 200 μm are formed in the prepreg 82 by means of laser processing. Further, as shown in FIG. 2B, the through holes 83 are filled with a conductor paste 84. Still further, as shown in FIG. 2C, such a prepreg 82, that is, the prepreg 82 having the through holes 83 filled with the conductor paste 84 is fabricated plurally, and then the prepregs 82 thus fabricated are laminated together. At this time, the land pattern 86 of the conductor wiring 81 is connected to the through holes 83 of the adjacent prepreg, which allows a printed board 85 having no penetrating through hole to be fabricated.
However, in this conventional art, a positional accuracy in the lamination of the prepregs 82 is low, which brings about a problem that it is difficult to reduce the diameter of the land pattern 86. Therefore, it is difficult to implement high-density wiring, and the effects of improving the controllability of the impedance and of decreasing the loop inductance are insufficient. Furthermore, there is a problem that the reliability of the through hole connectivity after the lamination is poor.
To solve the number of problems, the inventors have developed a method for fabricating a wiring board through the formation of a wiring layer on a supporting structure such as a metal sheet and the subsequent removal of the supporting structure. The method is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication Laid-Open No. 2002-198462 (page 8 and 11 and FIG. 17).
FIGS. 3A and 3B are cross-sectional views showing this conventional wiring board illustrated in the order of its manufacturing steps. To begin with, a supporting sheet 91 made of a metal sheet or the like is prepared as shown in FIG. 3A. A conductor wiring 92 is formed on the supporting sheet 91, an interlayer insulating film 93 is formed so as to cover the conductor wiring 92, and via holes 94 are formed in the interlayer insulating film 93 so as to be connected to the conductor wiring 92. Thereafter, a conductor wiring 95 is formed on the interlayer insulating film 93. The conductor wiring 95 is formed so as to be connected to the conductor wiring 92 through the via holes 94. By repeating the steps of forming the interlayer insulating film 93, the via holes 94, and the conductor wiring 95 as required, a multilayer wiring may be implemented. Then, as shown in FIG. 3B, a part of the supporting sheet 91 is removed by etching to expose the conductor wiring 92 and form a supporting structure 96, by which a wiring board 97 is fabricated.
At this time, as the interlayer insulating film 93, a single-layer film made of an insulating material, which has a film strength 70 MPa or more, an elongation percentage after breaking of 5% or more, a glass-transition temperature of 150° C. or more, and a coefficient of thermal expansion of 60 ppm or less, or a single-layer film made of an insulating material having an elastic modulus of 10 GPa or more, a coefficient of thermal expansion of 30 ppm or less, and a glass-transition temperature of 150° C. or more is used.
According to the technique, since the wiring board 97 has no penetrating through hole, the problems caused by the penetrating through holes can be solved, which allows a high-speed transmission to be designed. Also, since a high-heat-resistant metal sheet or the like is used as the supporting sheet 91, deformations, such as shrinkage, warpage, and waviness, do not occur in contrast to the case where the glass epoxy substrate is used, which makes it possible to implement a high-density fine wiring. Further, a wiring board having high strength can be obtained by determining the mechanical characteristics of the interlayer insulating film 93 as described above.
However, the conventional art has a problem described below. The wiring board 97 shown in FIG. 3B is extremely thin because of the absence of a base core substrate, but the wiring board 97 is capable of achieving a sufficient strength when fabricated initially through the determination of the mechanical characteristics of the interlayer insulating film 93 described above.
However, the wiring board 97 is generally provided with a large-area semiconductor device to form a semiconductor package, and then the semiconductor package is mounted to a mounting board such as a printed board. The semiconductor device generates heat during operation to be raised in temperature and ceases the heat during quiescent operation to be lowered in temperature. Because of this, during the semiconductor device operation, a thermal stress is applied to the wiring board 97 due to a difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the semiconductor device and the mounting board. Therefore, when the semiconductor device is operated repeatedly in a state that the semiconductor device is mounted to the wiring board 97 as described above, the thermal stress is repeatedly applied to the wiring board 97, so that cracks may occur in the interlayer insulating film 93 etc., of the wiring board 97. Because of this, there is a problem that it is impossible to secure reliability required for the wiring board and the semiconductor packages.

Wiring board and semiconductor package using the same


Methods and compositions for generating and maintaining induced regulatory T cells (iTregs) are provided. Methods and compositions for treating an autoimmune disorder, organ transplant rejection, graft versus host disease or allergic or hypersensitivity and inflammation are also provided.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key mediators of peripheral tolerance that can actively suppress effector T cells, inhibit inflammation and mediate self-tolerance (Kronenberg et al. (2005) Nature 435:598; Sakaguchi et al. (2008) Cell 133:775; Tang et al. (2008) Nat. Immunol. 9:239). Tregs are essential in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance, and roles for B7:CD28 family members during Treg development are emerging (Tang et al. (2003) J. Immunol. 171:3348; Liang et al. (2005) J. Exp. Med. 201:127).
Foxp3 is a transcription factor only expressed in the Treg cell lineage (Hori et al. (2003) Science 299:1057; Fontenot et al. (2003) Nat. Immunol. 4:330; Vignali et al. (2008) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 8:523). Along with contributing a distinct genetic signature to regulatory T cells, Foxp3 conveys regulatory activity to nTregs, iTregs, and, upon ectopic expression, in conventional T cells (Hori et al. (2003) Science 299:1057; Fontenot et al. (2003) Nat. Immunol. 4:330; Gavin et al. (2007) Nature 445:771; Schubert et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:37672; (Hill et al. (2007) Immunity 27:786; Fontenot et al. (2005) Immunity 22:329).
The pathway consisting of the receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligands, PD-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) and PD-1 ligand-2 (PD-L2) (B7-DC; CD273) is a recently discovered pathway in the B7:CD28 family that regulates the balance between stimulatory and inhibitory signals needed for effective immunity and the maintenance of self-tolerance (Keir et al. (2007) Curr. Opin. Immunol. 19:309; Keir et al. (2008) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 26:677). PD-1 is upregulated on T cells upon activation and its ligands have distinct expression patterns, with PD-L1 being expressed much more broadly than PD-L2. PD-L1 is constitutively expressed on murine antigen presenting cells (including dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells) and T cells. Human PD-L1 is induced upon activation. PD-L1 is also expressed on a wide variety of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell types, including vascular endothelial cells, pancreatic islet cells, and at sites of immune privilege including the placenta and eye (Keir et al. (2008) Annu Rev Immunol 26:677). In contrast, PD-L2 is inducibly expressed on DCs and macrophages.
PD-1: PD-L interactions regulate peripheral CD4 and CD8 T cell tolerance at multiple checkpoints. PD-1 exerts its effects during the initial phase of activation and expansion of self-reactive T cells, attenuating self-reactive T cell responses during presentation of self-antigen to naïve self-reactive T cells by DCs. For example, loss of PD-1 enhances the responses of naïve self-reactive CD8 T cells upon encounter of dendritic cells (DC) bearing self-antigen (Keir et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 179:5064). In addition, PD-L1 has a role in inhibiting self-reactive effector T cell function. Bone marrow chimera studies have shown that PD-L1 on non-hematopoietic cells mediates tissue tolerance, controlling the intensity of T cell effector responses in non-lymphoid organs and shielding tissues from potentially pathogenic self-reactive T cells and immune-mediated tissue damage (Keir et al. (2006) J. Exp. Med. 203:883).
There is great interest in generating regulatory T cells ex vivo as a therapy for autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection (Roncarolo et al. (2007) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 7:585). However, recent studies indicate that Tregs may have functional plasticity and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines at the site of inflammation (Yang et al. (2008) Immunity; Joetham et al. (2008) J. Immunol. 180:7117). Thus, in order for Treg therapy to be a viable approach, it is desirable to find ways to maintain and enhance the suppressive function of Tregs.

Methods and compositions for the generation and maintenance of regulatory T cells

President and Fellows of Harvard College


An improved cylinder head-suction muffler assembly includes a suction muffler (2), a cylinder head (1), a capillary tube (7) and a self-latching clip (5). The suction muffler (2), has a suction tube (3) with a mounting block (14) and a capillary tube holder (13), and the cylinder head (1) has a suction plenum (4) and an extended portion (6) with a pair of channels (10). The self-latching clip (5) is mounted on the mounting block (14) and in the channels (10) to secure the suction muffler (2) assembly to the cylinder head (1). The self-latching clip (5) has a narrow portion (9), a wide portion (11), and a pair of bent ends (12). To couple the suction muffler (2) to the cylinder head (1) the suction tube (3) is inserted into the suction plenum (4). The capillary tube (7) is positioned in the capillary tube holder (13) and the narrow portion (9) of the self-latching clip (5) is mounted on the mounting block (14) and over the capillary tube (7) and a wide portion (11) is placed in the channels (10). The clip (5) is pushed in until the bent ends (12) are outside of the channels (10), and the clip (5) is securely in place.

The function of sealed compressors for cooling fluids is well known in the art. Typically, an electric motor drive is built into a sealed housing or shell, and has a stator or electric armature affixed therein and a rotor assembly assembled into the cylindrical passage of the stator. This rotor assembly includes a rotor and a crankshaft which is inserted into the cylindrical passage of the rotor by interference fit. The reciprocating motion of the rotor and the piston in the compression chamber compresses low pressure gas into high pressure gas. The gas comprises typically freon or substitutes thereof. The low pressure gas comes from the closed loop system and enters a suction chamber through a cylinder head--suction muffler assembly. At the suction chamber, the low pressure gas is drawn into a compression chamber during the suction stroke of the reciprocating machine. A negative vacuum pressure is created. At the same time, lubricating fluid is also drawn into the suction chamber from a sump at the base of the crankshaft through a capillary tube for mixing with inert gas and lubricating the compression chamber. The compressed gas in the compression chamber is directed to the condenser of the system through a discharge valve, a discharge muffler, discharge line and tube discharge.
The prior art cylinder head-suction muffler assembly comprises a suction muffler, a capillary tube, a support plate, screws, and a cylinder head. The fabrication of the cylinder head requires at least one bore and two tightening holes to be made on the cylinder head. Similarly, the installation of the cylinder head to the suction muffler requires at least five steps: (1) inserting the suction tube of the suction muffler into the suction bore of the cylinder head, (2) fitting the capillary tube onto the suction muffler, (3) placing the support plate over the capillary tube and the two tightening holes, (4) inserting screws into the holes, and (5) tightening the screws. Because this assembly requires threaded fasteners, the prior art cylinder head-suction muffler assembly not only requires additional machining and handling, but the process of assembling it is time and labour intensive.
In an attempt to reduce the number of threaded fasteners and the time required for assembly, a few improvements have been made in the cylinder head-suction muffler assembly which are disclosed in, for instance, U.S. Pat. No. 5,207,564, and in European Patent Publication 195,486, where a screw-less specially-designed clips were used. However, the clips in these and other prior art assembly designs incorporated complex shapes and features. In addition, some of the designs required complicated locking features which needed precision in manufacturing of the parts and which required some effort to make and use. Because reduction in assembly time is a primary goal, it would be highly desirable to have components which are highly manufacturable in mass quantities, are easy to use, and are highly reliable.

Cylinder head-suction muffler assembly for hermetic compressor

Matsuhita Refrigeration Industries (s) Pte Ltd


An intelligent tutoring system can be implemented using filters, predictive modeling, and a knowledge warehouse, which allows content to be dynamically selected for individualized presentation to a learner. Such an intelligent tutoring system can be implemented using a variety of techniques, including polynomial vector equations in modeling, extensible markup language storage formats for presentation data, and a knowledge warehouse with information stored in data cubes.

Acquiring and retaining information are highly individualized processes, with any given individual learning and forgetting at rates based on factors which may not exist, or may not exist with the same intensity, for anyone else. For example, the speed of information acquisition may be influenced by factors such as how well the presentation of that information matches an individual's learning style and/or the individual's aptitude for a particular subject. Similarly, while the degradation of an individual's competency with time is a common problem with all levels and ages, the rate and level of that degradation for a particular individual will be influenced by factors such as the extent to which a particular competency is utilized in the individual's day to day activities. While this individual variability can to some extent be accounted for through instruction which incorporates intelligent tutoring systems such as described in the incorporated priority documents, in many cases where competency decay is of particular concerns, such as in professions which have continuing education and/or certification requirements, education and testing requirements will be defined on a periodic basis which fails to account for individual variability. Accordingly, there exists a need in the art for improved technology which can account for individual variability in acquiring and retaining information.

Instruction based on competency assessment and prediction


A mobile vehicular apparatus includes an aerial control cabin mounted on a tip end of a telescopic boom by a vertical shaft for turning movement about the vertical shaft, and an aerial working device disposed in front of the aerial control cabin. The aerial control cabin is movable back and forth with respect to the boom by a slide mechanism. The slide mechanism includes a guide base mounted on the vertical shaft for turning movement thereabout, a slider mounted on the guide base so as to be movable back and forth with respect to the guide base, and an actuator for sliding the slider with respect to the guide base, the aerial control cabin being coupled to the slider.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mobile vehicular apparatus which has a telescopic boom supporting on its tip end an aerial cabin or platform for carrying an operator, a manipulator device, and a working device such as a crane.
2. Description of the Prior Art
FIG. 7 of the accompanying drawings shows a conventional mobile vehicular apparatus, generally denoted at 50, which is arranged to perform various aerial jobs or tasks. The mobile vehicular apparatus 50 has a telescopic boom 51 with a cabin support shaft 52 vertically mounted on its tip end. The cabin support shaft 52 supports thereon an aerial control cabin 53 which can rotate with respect to the boom 51. The aerial control cabin 53 supports a manipulator device 55 which is forward of the cabin support shaft 52 and an auxiliary boom 54 above cabin support shaft 52. The control cabin 53 is movable in a spatial range that is a combination of the range in which the boom 51 can be raised and lowered, extended and contracted, and turned, and the range in which the control cabin 53 can be rotated about the cabin support shaft 52.
When the boom 51 is fixed in the position shown in FIG. 7 and a transformer 56 is suspended by the auxiliary boom 54, the auxiliary boom 54 is subjected to a considerable bending moment M because of the weight of the control cabin 53 and the weight of the transformer 56. If the control cabin 53 is turned while the transformer 56 is being suspended by the auxiliary boom 54, then the auxiliary 54 is also subjected to a large torsional moment T due to the above weights. As a result, a very high contact pressure is applied to a boom receiver C of the boom 51.
The mobile vehicular apparatus 50 is usually used to process or service "hot" or energized electric cables. Therefore, a distal boom member 51a of the boom 51 is normally made of FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) which is a highly electrically insulating material. Because the FRP material selected for the distal boom member 51a must have excellent mechanical strength to withstand the contact pressure applied thereto, the boom 50 is expensive and requires careful maintenance.
FIG. 8 shows the manner in which aerial electric cables W1 through W3, corresponding to first, second, and third phases, are installed on a post using the mobile vehicular apparatus 50. For such installation, the mobile vehicular apparatus 50 is positioned as closely to the shoulder of the road as possible, the boom 51 is set to the best position, the control cabin 53 is rotated, and the manipulator device 55 or the auxiliary boom 54 is operated. The control cabin 53, the auxiliary boom 54, and the manipulator device 55 of the conventional design are rotatable in only a limited range about the vertical cabin support shaft 52. Therefore, when the control cabin 53 is held in the solid-line position in FIG. 8 and the manipulator device 55 is actuated to install the aerial electric cables W1 through W3, the manipulator device 55 often can install only first- and second-phase cables W1, W2 even if it is moved as far forwardly as possible toward the cables W1 through W3. In order to install the third-phase cable W3 that is located farthest from the manipulator device 50, the position of the mobile vehicular apparatus 50 must be changed and the boom 51 must be raised and lowered, extended and contracted, and turned once more until the control cabin 53 is repositioned at the position indicated by the imaginary lines in FIG. 8.
When the mobile vehicular apparatus 50 is to be thus moved, the outriggers for supporting the mobile vehicle have to be retracted and the control cabin 53 has to be lowered into a safe low position. Even if the control cabin 53 can be moved to the imaginary-line position through the adjustment of the boom 51 while the mobile vehicular apparatus 50 remains unchanged in position, the operator in the control cabin 53 is required to manipulate a plurality of control levers in a complex sequence. Such a control procedure is highly tedious and time-consuming to perform and also inefficient.

Mobile vehicular apparatus with aerial working device


A hydraulically actuated torque coupling device is provided for transmitting a drive torque from an input to at least one output. The torque coupling device comprises a rotatable hydraulic manifold block having a plurality of cylinder bores defined therein, a multi-lobed cam ring rotatable coaxially with the manifold block, a plurality of pistons each disposed within corresponding one of the plurality of cylinder bores in the manifold block for reciprocating therewithin upon relative rotational movement between the manifold block and the cam ring and defining a plurality of pressure chambers within the corresponding cylinder bores, and restrictor device in fluid communication with each of the plurality of pressure chambers such that the restrictor device controls a discharge pressure attainable within each of the plurality of pressure chambers during discharge strokes. Each of the plurality of pistons rotably engages the at least one cam ring at distal ends thereof.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to torque coupling devices in general, and more particularly to a hydraulically actuated torque coupling device provided for transmitting a drive torque at from an input to at least one output.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Conventionally, torque coupling devices well known in the prior art, and are used in various applications, such as vehicular drivetrains, to limit slip and transfer drive torque between a pair of rotary members. In all-wheel drive applications, torque coupling devices are used to automatically control the drive torque transferred from a driven member to a non-driven member in response to speed differentiation therebetween. In limited slip applications, couplings are used in association with a differential to automatically limit slip and bias the torque distribution between a pair of rotary members.
Such torque coupling devices conventionally use a frictional clutch between the rotary members. The frictional clutch may be selectively actuated by various hydraulic actuator assemblies, which are constructed of elements disposed inside a casing. The hydraulic actuator assemblies internal to the casing often include displacement pumps disposed inside the casing and actuated in response to a relative rotation between the differential case and the output shaft. The displacement pumps are usually in the form of internal gear pumps, such as gerotor pumps adapted to convert rotational work to hydraulic work. The hydraulic actuator assemblies further include a hydraulic piston member for frictionally loading the friction clutch.
While known torque coupling devices, including but not limited to those discussed above, have proven to be acceptable for various vehicular driveline applications, such devices are nevertheless susceptible to improvements that may enhance their performance and reduce cost. With this in mind, a need exists to develop improved torque coupling devices that advance the art.

Hydraulically controlled torque coupling device


A system for selectively changing the operating frequency of an RF receiver includes a receiver having a selection interface, and a frequency matching module removably attached to the barrier operator. After detecting an input on its selection interface, the receiver responsively changes its operating frequency from its current frequency to another frequency, as determined by the input. The frequency matching module then optimizes received signals of the same frequency as the receiver's operating frequency, thereby enhancing the receiver's range of signal detection.

In general, wireless receivers and transmitters use a signal having a predetermined carrier frequency to allow the transmitter and receiver to communicate information. However, because of signal interference, the selected carrier frequency often becomes noisy, making it difficult or impossible for the receiver to accurately interpret the information transmitted within the carrier frequency. This interference may arise due to a variety of factors, including noise and other signals being in the same frequency range or band as the selected carrier signal.
One instance where interference with the transmitted carrier signal is a concern is in the operation of transmitters and receivers used with barrier operators, such as a garage door opener. Typically, when a user purchases and installs a barrier operator, he or she may determine that the receiver has a limited range of reception due to interference of the wireless transmitter's carrier signal. While this problem can be overcome by changing the operating frequency of the receiver and transmitter, it is a highly technical affair, typically requiring the physical disassembly of the barrier operator, and the replacement of the components comprising the receiver. And, of course, purchase of a new transmitter. Furthermore, most users of barrier operators do not have the required technical skill or available time to undertake such an endeavor. As a result, a technician may be required to perform the work, although an inherent risk still exists that the technician may damage the barrier operator during the completion of such work. Alternatively, the user may remove and exchange the barrier operator for another barrier operator that operates on a different carrier frequency not subject to substantial interference. However, these solutions require the user to expend substantial time, effort, and resources to achieve the optimal result.
Further, in typical circumstances, when the operating frequency of the receiver is changed, a matching network originally used with the receiver is unaltered. The receiver's matching network, or "front end" is tuned for the operating frequency of the receiver, and is responsible for efficiently capturing the RF energy of the signal sent by the remote transmitter. However, if the matching network used is not tuned for the same operating frequency as the receiver, the RF energy within the carrier signal is not optimally captured, and the receiver's ability to detect a transmitted signal at a distance, or reception range is reduced.
Therefore, there is a need for a frequency matching module, that allows a user to easily change the operating frequency of the barrier operator's receiver, without the need of a technician. Furthermore, there is a need for a plurality of frequency matching modules corresponding to a variety of carrier operating frequencies, allowing the user to select the best operating frequency for his or her barrier operator's operating environment, thereby extending the receiver's range of reception. Additionally, there is a need for a matching module that can also optimize a signal transmitted in the receiver's frequency of operation.

Frequency matching and optimization system for an RF receiver


A motor-driven drive shaft is coupled to a grinding mill or other unbalanced rotatable member through a clutch arranged to accommodate misalignment, the clutch being so controlled during start-up as to be initially engaged to effect a first limited rotation of the mill in the drive direction, then disengaged to permit the mill to rotate under its own weight through a second rotation in the direction reverse to the drive direction and through a third rotation in the drive direction, and then to be re-engaged during the second rotation of the member in the drive direction. Clutch orbiting is thus reduced if not eliminated.

A typical grinding mill installation, as used in the treatment of ores, comprises an electric motor which drives the actual mill itself through a set of gears. In order to minimise starting current drawn by the motor, when the grinding mill is set in operation, a clutch is included in the drive system. The mill with its unbalanced load is very heavy and to maintain precise alignment between the clutch drive and driven shafts would be a difficult, lengthy and costly exercise, because of dynamic movements occurring in operation. Moreover, if the shafts are aligned in cold conditions they tend to be misaligned after a few hours of running because of differential thermal movements. Also, the gear set generates forces which can combine to yield associated bearing forces that have not only different levels, but also different directions. The clutches employed in grinding mill installations are thus of a kind capable of accommodating misalignment but such clutches can readily exhibit unacceptable orbiting.
It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide a method of and a means for coupling a rotary drive to an unbalanced driven member through a clutch accommodating misalignment between the drive and the load such that clutch orbiting is reduced or eliminated.

Control operation of a clutch drive system


A body scrubbing apparatus for facilitating cleaning of areas of a body not readily accessible when the user is bathing. The body scrubbing apparatus includes a handle member being designed for being gripped by a hand of the user. A head member is coupled to the handle member whereby the head member is designed for being positioned opposite the hand of the user when the handle member is being gripped by the user. A scrubbing member is selectively mounted to the head member. The scrubbing member is designed for scrubbing against the user for facilitating cleaning of the user when the scrubbing member is mounted to the head member. The scrubbing member is selectively replaced when the scrubbing member is removed from the head member.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to back scrubbing devices and more particularly pertains to a new body scrubbing apparatus for facilitating cleaning of areas of a body not readily accessible when the user is bathing.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of back scrubbing devices is known in the prior art. U.S. Pat. No. 5,887,314 describes a device for varying the length of a handle to provide greater ease of using an attachment end. Another type of back scrubbing device is U.S. Pat. No. 5,673,455 having an applicator with attachment that are selectively threaded onto the applicator. U.S. Pat. No. 5,671,497 has an applicator with bendable section between the applicator and a removable attachment member to allow the attachment member to conform to the body of the user. U.S. Pat. No. 6,415,470 has a handle with an adjustable length coupled to a backing member and selectively receives a pad that is used to apply lotion to a user.
While these devices fulfill their respective, particular objectives and requirements, the need remains for a device that has certain improved features that allows alignment of the replaceable bristles with the head when replaced.


The present invention relates to an instruction control device, and more particularly to an instruction control device which has achieved a high speed operational processing, such as a reduction in the amount of components, so as to enable an out-of-order instruction execution to thereby execute an instruction processing at high speed in an information processor. An instruction control device having instruction storing means for temporarily storing a plurality of decoded instructions yet unissued to an execution unit; wherein the storing means is constituted such that an arranged order of entries of the storing means indicates a decoded order of decoded instructions stored in the entries; wherein that entry, from which the decoded instruction stored therein has been issued, is deleted; wherein information stored in the entries is shifted among the entries such that the entries storing the unissued instructions constitute entries in a continuous order; and wherein a shifting amount between entries is, at the most, equal to the number of instructions which can be simultaneously decoded.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an instruction control device and a method therefor and, more particularly, to an instruction control device and a method for enabling an out-of-order instruction execution so as to execute instruction processing at high speed in an information processor.
2. Description of the Related Art
"Out-of-order instruction execution processing" means processing wherein those executable instructions, the inputted data for which have been completely collected, are occasionally executed in an order or sequence different from that instructed by a program. It is noted that the executions of instructions are performed in an arbitrary order in themselves, but instructions are executed such that resources, such as memory areas and register contents accessible from the program, are referred to and updated in the order instructed by the program so as to guarantee the processing results.
In an information processor in which an out-of-order instruction execution is permitted so as to execute an instruction processing at high speed, decoded instructions are once stored into decoded instruction storing means called a reservation station after the respective instruction decoding cycles. Next, irrespectively of a decoding order of the stored instructions, the decoded instruction, a source operand of which has been enabled, is selected and then the reservation station issues the instruction to an operator (such as computer, calculator).
However, in such a conventional instruction control device, there have been problems, as follows:
(1) In the conventional device, it has been necessary to distribute an instruction decoded information from an instruction register and an instruction decoded completion signal from a controlling unit, toward all entries within the reservation station. As a result, there were problems in that the sizes of logical circuits and intra-chip wiring areas are increased. There has been therefore caused problems that action delays are prolonged and more cycles are required.
Further, in the conventional device, there have been provided instruction order identifiers for respective entries so as to determine an instruction decoding order, and these identifiers must be compared with one another by means of a hardware comparator. As a result, there were also problems in that the aforementioned sizes and number of cycles are increased.
(2) If there exists an address dependency between instructions which request memory accesses, it should be guaranteed that the memory is referred to in a programmed order. However, if an address calculation and a request are performed in an out-of-order manner, there has been conventionally caused such a situation that, particularly when data are fetched by a succeeding instruction (such as LOAD instruction) from a memory area which has been updated by a preceding instruction (such as STORE instruction), the address of the preceding instruction is obtained after the fetch request of the succeeding instruction has been completed. Thus, it has been required to once cancel the succeeding instruction, and to newly refetch the succeeding instruction and decode the same again for re-execution thereof, thereby causing a problem that the execution speed of the memory operation instruction is considerably lowered.
(3) In the conventional device, in case that a preceding instruction executes an instruction such as a floating-point multiplication having longer operation cycles, there has been performed such processing that the starting of calculations of succeeding instructions are collectively held or stopped, and thereby the calculation result of the preceding instruction having longer operation cycles is forwarded to the succeeding instructions at predetermined later timings, respectively. Inherently, instructions should be executed independently from one another when no register interferences exist in an information processing that allows an out-of-order instruction execution, except that there exists register interference between instructions. Further, in such information processing, such as multiplier and adder processes within a CPU, should be capable of being parallelly operated, respectively, since they are provided as hardware different from each other. However, there has been a problem in conventional pipeline processing that instruction issuances are equally delayed after a multiply instruction processing as described above. This considerably reduces an operation efficiency such as of a product sum operation in which multiplication and addition are frequently repeated, as in a scientific calculation.
(4) In order to efficiently perform an out-of-order instruction execution at high speed, there is used a register renaming technique which guarantees that the register contents are referred to and updated in the programmed order. The register renaming technique is adapted to rename a logical register to allocate the logical register to physical registers or memories different from each other, to thereby allow a parallel execution of processings from a plurality of instructions when such processings can be executed independently from each other, even if the same register is competely used by the plurality of instructions. This is very effective mechanism for operating simple instructions at high speed.
According to such a technique, there can be performed an inter-register-register instruction, by forwarding processing, at high speed. However, concerning an inter-register-memory instruction, so as to guarantee that memory contents are referred to and updated in the programmed order, fetch access to the memory is conventionally delayed until data are stored into a cache memory. This results in reduction in operation performance.

Instruction control device and method therefor


A method for providing a telematics service by using a virtual vehicle is provided. The method includes steps of: (a) a telematics server, if a request for registering the vehicle is acquired from a third-party system linked with the telematics service, creating a vehicle ID, and providing a telematics API to the third-party system; (b) the telematics server, if a request is received from the third-party system, creating a token ID corresponding to the system by referring to information on the system and the vehicle ID, and then transmitting it to the system; and (c) the telematics server, if a telematics service request using the token ID is transmitted from the system through the telematics API, confirming the vehicle ID corresponding to the token ID, simulating the virtual vehicle in response to the service request, and transmitting the simulation result to the third-party system.

In general, a term "telematics" is a compound derived from telecommunication and informatics. Drivers may remotely diagnose their vehicles through a wireless network and use a variety of information including traffic, living, and emergency rescue information. They may make calls, or send and receive emails by voice, and also download audiobooks.
In addition, a variety of telematics services are available depending on types of services including news subscription, stock investment, e-commerce, financial transactions, hotel reservations, facsimile transmission and reception, video games, car accident and theft reports, etc.
At earlier stages, such telematics services were provided based on call centers, but they have emerged as mobile app-based telematics services according to increase of mobile users.
Recently, methods for easily connecting third-party services with vehicle telematics services, for testing operations in vehicles before release of the vehicles, and for effectively managing the third-party services after the release came to be in demand to solve various problems due to a difference between a short development time of software services and a long time of manufacturing vehicles under environments such as a variety of cloud-based services, partnerships with third partners, IoT integration, mobile services, etc. In addition, flexible service structures also became necessary to provide the third-party services by region by considering various new vehicles and launching the third-party services.
However, in case of conventional telematics services, because third-party services to be connected with actual vehicles are limited before the release of new vehicles or service launching, third-party service providers have limited ways of developing and verifying applications by using the telematics services.
In addition, the telematics service providers have security issues because they have to open up specifications of the telematics services for linking their services with the third-party services.
Besides, the conventional telematics services have limitations in providing multiple users with the telematics service through the third-party services because vehicle access control, user management, device management, and authority management have not been developed in view of multiple devices or multiple users.
In addition, it is difficult for third-party service developers to develop their services linked with the telematics services because they do not have a means for testing their services before actual applications are properly configured.

Method for providing telematics service using virtual vehicle and telematics server using the same


The collecting bag has a bag member formed by a first and a second film blank, and a discharge portion that is foldable and unfoldable to bring the discharge portion from an open unfolded condition to a closed folded condition and vice versa. A first plate member is positioned on the first film blank and a second plate member is positioned on an extension of the second film blank Each plate member is formed from a relatively stiff material, and the distance between the distal edge of the first plate member and the proximal edge of the second plate member is smaller than the thickness of the first plate member. When folding the discharge portion, the distal edge of the first plate member acts as a pivot, and a stretching effect is created on the second film blank to effectively seal the discharge opening without deformation of the plate members.

The invention relates to a collecting bag for human body wastes, comprising a bag member and a discharge portion defining a longitudinal direction. The discharge portion is foldable and unfoldable by at least one folding in said longitudinal direction between to bring the discharge portion from an open unfolded condition to a closed folded condition and vice versa, and a locking device is provided at the discharge portion for locking the bag in said closed folded condition of the discharge portion.
This type of drainable collecting bags are often used as ostomy bags. In the case of ileostomy patients and colostomy patients with uncontrolled release of faeces of a more or less fluid consistence, the collecting bag has to be emptied rather frequently, and the closure device thus has to be easy to open and re-close after emptying and at the same time provide a reliable and tight seal in operation, i.e. between emptyings.
Several different designs of closure devices have been developed and are generally known.
For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 3,690,320 and GB patent applications Nos. 2 268 065 and 2 000 683 disclose collecting bag with closure devices, in which strips of the interlocking-elements type, such as VELCEO hook and loop fastening elements, are placed on each of the film blanks of the discharge portion and which after folding the discharge portion tightly are brought into contact with each other.
A further design is shown in EP patent application No. 0 013 109, in which the outlet portion is folded and subsequently tucked into a gap formed by a semirigid strip attached to the bag wall.
In a still further design of a resealable closure device for an ostomy bag, disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,825,005 and similar to so-called mini-grip closures frequently used in plastic foil bags for packaging purposes, a sealed closure is provided by engagement between parallel ribs or linear protuberances formed by panels attached to either of the two film blanks.
It is a disadvantage in all of the above designs that accurate and correct handling of the closure device is required in order to provide the necessary seal against leakage in the closed position of the bag. In particular, the tight folding of the discharge portion and the tucking operation of the discharge portion and the mini-grip-like closure disclosed in the two latter documents may cause problems, especially to users having e.g. reduced dexterity.
Another type of closure device is shown in published international application No. WO 96/19164, in which the discharge portion is rolled up on a locking clip fastened to one of the film blanks. The clip comprises a resilient zone which for instance may be provided as an outer layer of integral foam plastic surrounding a semi-rigid core body. Although the collecting bag and locking clip of this document provide for an improved tightness in comparison with the devices described in the above, the choice of design of the locking device is limited, as the sealing effect is dependent on the locking clip.
International application No. WO 99/66859 discloses a collecting bag of the kind mentioned in the introduction that alleviates a number of the disadvantages outlined in the above by the use of one or more resilient seal members positioned at or near the discharge opening. The resilience of the member or members provides an efficient sealing effect at the beginning and the end, respectively, of the folding operation.
Although closure of this collecting bag is carried out to satisfaction in a number of applications, it has turned out that particularly in collecting bags having a relatively wide discharge portion, the seal member or members may be deformed to such an extent during the initial folding operation that it becomes difficult to obtain a sufficient contact between the relevant portions of the surfaces of the seal member and the film blank, or the seal members.

Collecting bag having an improved closure


The present invention provides a method and system for providing a security element that is directed at inhibiting malicious activity by displaying a browser window in such a way that the user can trust and know the source of the window. Additional information and ornamentation is displayed on the window to help ensure that an end user is not confused or misled (“spoofed”) into believing that the window originates from a trusted source. When a call is made to open a browser window, the status bar is displayed by default. The status bar provides additional information, such as the security zone, to the user to help the user in determining the source of the content. The security zone informs the user the location from where the content is originating. This additional information helps to ensure that the user has the necessary information on whether or not to trust the source.

Preserving the security of a computer when accessing Internet sites can be difficult. Every day there are new ways of misleading users to select actions they believe will perform a safe task when in actuality performing the task will be malicious. For example, a browser window may be maliciously drawn to imitate a dialog box or a window associated with a trusted source. The user seeing the window may be misled into believing that they are closing the window when they are actually being redirected to another site or downloading a malicious file.

Displaying a security element with a browser window


Visual discomfort from depth jumps in 3D video content is reduced or avoided by detecting the occurrence of a depth jump and by changing the disparity of a group of received image frames including the frames at the depth jump in order to adjust the perceived depth in a smooth transition across the group of image frames from a first disparity value to a second disparity value. Depth jumps may be detected, for instance, when content is switched from one 3D shot to another 3D shot.

Television programming is becoming more widely available in 3D. Sporting events and concerts have been broadcast for home consumption. As 3D component sales ramp up and as the demand for 3D grows, it is expected that 3D programming will be offered widely on most of the popular TV channels in the near future.
Viewers currently switch channels quite frequently among various programming content. Since this content is all typically two-dimensional (2D), there is usually no viewing difficulty or discomfort as content is switched by a viewer or for a viewer by the service provider. As the amount of viewable 3D programming content becomes more widely available in the future, the viewer is likely to encounter viewing problems when switching between channels, especially when one or more of these channels involves 3D programming content.
One problem in viewing 3D content occurs when adjacent image frame pairs have significant difference in depth. This is more commonly known as a "depth jump" because the depth at the regions of interest is perceived to change significantly between these two image frame pairs. When a viewer is channel surfing (i.e., changing channels in relatively quick succession), depth jumps may occur in many different situations. Depth for 3D content on one channel may be different from the depth of the 3D content on a newly tuned channel. When advertising content is inserted into the 3D programming content, the advertising content may exhibit a different depth, or even a different dimensionality from the 3D programming content. Dimensionality can change from 3D to 2D when the scene depth changes to zero. Within the same 3D programming content, depth jumps tend to occur concurrent with a shot or scene change. When depth jumps occur, viewers can experience varying degrees of discomfort.
Depth jumps within programming content such as a 3D movie are generally avoided or mitigated in the production phase or post-production phases. Unfortunately, when these problems are caused either by the viewer, when changing programs, or by the service providers, when inserting additional 2D or 3D content (e.g., advertisements), depth jumps cannot be avoided because they occur in real time and in an unplanned manner.
When time and circumstances permit, it is obvious that an opportune stage in which to avoid or even remove a depth jump is the production stage. In the production stage, there is full control over the content without any real-time constraints. During 3D content production, it is somewhat easier to remove the depth jump since the producer has full control over the presentation of the content. For example, when 3D content is being generated by computer graphics, the frames may be edited and rendered until there are no apparent depth jumps in the scene sequence.
Even when dealing with live shot films, the appearance of a depth jump between shots can be ameliorated by using well known techniques such as a cross-fade effect or an active depth cut. But these techniques have limited use for the real time scenarios confronting the 3D TV viewer. For example, although the cross-fade effect has been extensively used in producing audio effects and is easily implemented for video, its use would be inappropriate for all instances of shot switching, especially when a clear picture quality rather than a faded one is required during the transition period between shots.
In generating active depth cuts, outgoing and incoming shots are re-converged toward each other over some specified number of frames. Active depth cuts require implementation of a manual image shifting technique in the post-production stage. It is time consuming and it increases cost.
In the 3D TV environment, the luxury of production and post-production operations is not afforded due to the real-time nature of the depth jumps, either the ones that are viewer initiated via channel surfing or those that are initiated by the service provider via advertising insertion and the like. Depth jumps should be corrected in real time at the broadcast end or at the viewer end, such as in either a set top box (STB) or the TV itself, in order to reduce the potential for viewer discomfort.
For 3D TV broadcasting, it has been explained above that commercials are often inserted into a TV broadcast program as the program content is being broadcast. It does not appear to be practical to adjust the depth at the service provider location (e.g., such as a cable or satellite service provider or distributor) using active depth cut or cross-fade methods every time a commercial is inserted into programming content. Different commercials may be inserted into the same programming content for broadcast to different geographic audience.
None of the techniques discussed above or known in the art are suitable for dealing with these depth jumps to avoid wholly, or lessen partially, any possible viewer discomfort. Hence, an automatic method to adjust the depth of 3D content in real time, such as during the actual broadcast of the 3D content, appears to be needed in order to enhance the viewing experience of the 3D content.

Method of presenting three-dimensional content with disparity adjustments


A new cultivar of Phlox plant named xe2x80x98Cotton Candyxe2x80x99 that is characterized by prolific blooming, white flowers, a tall and vigorous growth habit, uniformity in containers, and light green leaves. In combination these traits distinguish the new cultivar from all other existing varieties of Phlox.

Phlox subulata xe2x80x98Cotton Candyxe2x80x99.
The application for Phlox xe2x80x98Cotton Candyxe2x80x99 will be co-pending with another application entitled Phlox Plant Named xe2x80x98Bubble Gumxe2x80x99, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/801,205, having the same inventor and filing date as the present invention.
The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Moss Phlox known botanically as Phlox subulata (not patented) and hereinafter referred to by the cultivar name xe2x80x98Cotton Candyxe2x80x99. In 1998 the new cultivar was discovered by the inventor, in a cultivated area of Albany, Oreg. xe2x80x98Cotton Candyxe2x80x99 was a spontaneously occurring sport that was discovered as a branch on Phlox subulata xe2x80x98Candy Stripexe2x80x99, (not patented).
xe2x80x98Cotton Candyxe2x80x99 is characterized by uniformity in containers, prolific blooming, vigor, and a tall profile with white flowers held on long stems above the foliage. xe2x80x98Cotton Candyxe2x80x99 is distinguished from the parent plant xe2x80x98Candy Stripexe2x80x99 by light green foliage and white flowers. It differs from xe2x80x98White Delightxe2x80x99 (unpatented) by its vigor, abundance of flowers, tall flowers, short coarse leaves, and uniformity in containers.
After the sport was observed for performance over a period of months, xe2x80x98Cotton Candyxe2x80x99 was propagated in a cultivated area of Albany, Oreg. The first asexual propagation was accomplished by the inventor in 1998, using vegetative cuttings. The distinguishing characteristics have been determined stable and are reproduced true to type in successive generations.
The following traits have been repeatedly observed and represent the characteristics of the new cultivar. These attributes in combination distinguish this cultivar from all other commercial varieties. xe2x80x98Cotton Candyxe2x80x99 has not been tested under all possible conditions and phenotypic differences may be observed with variations in environmental, climatic, and cultural conditions, however, without any variance in genotype.
1. xe2x80x98Cotton Candyxe2x80x99 is uniform in containers.
2. xe2x80x98Cotton Candyxe2x80x99 is tall with flowers held above foliage.
3. xe2x80x98Cotton Candyxe2x80x99 is a prolific bloomer.
4. xe2x80x98Cotton Candyxe2x80x99 is vigorous in growth.
5. xe2x80x98Cotton Candyxe2x80x99 has white flowers.
6. xe2x80x98Cotton Candyxe2x80x99 has short, coarse, light green leaves.
7. xe2x80x98Cotton Candyxe2x80x99 is hardy to USDA Zone 3.


Microwave and millimeter wave imaging. An antenna array in communication with a signal source comprises a plurality of antennas by which a signal generated by the signal source is transmitted incident to an object located remotely from the antenna array and by which a signal reflected from the object is received by the antenna array. The signals transmitted by the antennas collectively have an effective electric field resembling a plane-wave within a target region in front of the antenna array. A plurality of detectors each connected to one of the antennas is configured to simultaneously receive the reflected signal and provide an output signal representative thereof. An image processor configured to execute an imaging algorithm generates a multi-dimensional profile representative of the object based on the output signals from the detectors.

Microwave and millimeter wave imaging utilizing synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is capable of generating high resolution, 3D images of complex dielectric structures for many critical nondestructive testing, biomedical, and security applications. Recently, microwave imaging systems have been developed to make this technology portable with real-time image results, making them suitable for field inspection. Current microwave imaging systems use a transmitter, receiver, microwave multiplexer network(s), and an array of antennas. Electric field measurements on the aperture of the imaging system are made by routing signals between the transmitter, receiver, and a single antenna element one at a time. This results in a rapid electronic raster scan of the array aperture. The conventional ω-k SAR algorithm is then used to generate an image. Another imaging method known as MIMO-SAR (multiple input multiple output-SAR) follows a similar approach. Multiple transmitting antennas illuminate a target, and a separate array of antennas sequentially or simultaneously receive the electric field measurements. Often the transmitting antennas are sequentially switched with microwave multiplexer switches.
There are a few disadvantages to using microwave multiplexer switches. For instance, they are often expensive, constituting a significant portion of the overall material cost. Also, they incur signal loss between transmitter, receiver, and antenna array, which reduces system dynamic range and hence the quality of images produced. And their operation is frequency limited. These disadvantages become even more significant and further restrictive for very high frequencies in the millimeter wave regime.

THE CURATORS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI


A method for the manufacture of a package to encapsulate at least one integrated circuit device includes the steps of: (1) providing a dielectric substrate having a first plurality of bond pads formed on a first side thereof and at least one aperture; (2) electrically interconnecting the integrated circuit device to the plurality of bond pads forming a substrate/integrated circuit device assembly; (3) gravitationally aligning the substrate/integrated circuit assembly such that the integrated circuit device is lower than said substrate; (4) introducing a volume of a low viscosity dielectric into the at least one aperture, wherein the volume is effective to coat a surface of the integrated circuit device and substantially fill the at least one aperture; and (5) encapsulating the integrated circuit device and the first side of said substrate with a dielectric polymer.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method for the manufacture of a package to encapsulate an integrated circuit device. More particularly, a chip-scale package is manufactured by flip-chip bonding input/output pads on the integrated circuit device to bond pads on a substrate. The substrate further includes at least one aperture to enable the introduction of a low viscosity dielectric between the substrate and the integrated circuit device. The bonded assembly is then encapsulated in a molding resin.
2. Description of the Related Art
One package for encapsulating integrated circuit devices such as silicon-based semiconductor dice is the flip chip package. In this package, a semiconductor die has bumped bond pads on an active surface which are soldered to a matching array of bond pads on a substrate. The semiconductor die and attached surface of the substrate are then encapsulated in a molding resin. The molding resin, typically a thermosetting epoxy, is applied at a relatively high temperature and velocity and could damage the semiconductor die or solder interconnects on impact. Typically, an underfill of a fluid epoxy is disposed between the semiconductor die and the substrate to protect the flip chip bonds and circuitry during encapsulation with the molding resin.
Typically, the underfill is dispensed along one or two sides of the die at an elevated temperature to reduce viscosity and facilitate the underfill material flowing quickly between the semiconductor die and the substrate. This method has poor control of the spread of the underfill material and it is necessary for there to be up to three millimeters of clearance between the perimeter of the semiconductor die and the edge of the substrate to accommodate the underfill flow. As a result, the length and width of the semiconductor package cannot be smaller than six millimeters plus the length and width of the semiconductor die. This is a significant increase in occupied real estate over chip scale packages where the perimeter of the package is intended to approach the perimeter of the semiconductor die. Since air pockets are typically trapped between the integrated circuit and the substrate, the method is also prone to incomplete fill and voids that impact reliability. Voids or incomplete fill could also occur due to the limited space between the semiconductor die and the substrate.
While it is known to use vacuum assisted molding, this is an expensive process and requires the use of molded compounds having a fine filler, on the order of less than 50 microns, to fill in the gap between the semiconductor die and substrate.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,573,592 to Bolken discloses a flip chip semiconductor package in which the substrate includes side walls to control the flow of underflow material. The underfill material is introduced along the perimeter of the semiconductor die.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,369,449 to Farquhar, et al. discloses a flip chip package having a substrate with contact pads and aperture. After solder bonding input/output pads to the array of contact pads, a high viscosity epoxy is flowed under pressure through the aperture to fill the space between the semiconductor die and the substrate. U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,369,449 and 6,573,592 are incorporated by reference in their entireties herein.
There remains, a need for the method of a flip-chip package having a chip scale perimeter that does not suffer from the disadvantages of the prior art.

Method of making flip-chip package with underfill


This invention is concerned with improvements in or relating to methods of mounting circuit components on flexible substrates and, in particular, surface mounting components to the conductors of printed circuits on flexible substrates having relatively low temperature heat resistance using soldering techniques. A carrier assembly and the assembled circuits are also part of the invention.

I. Field of the Invention
This invention is concerned with improvements in or relating to methods of mounting circuit components on flexible substrates and, in particular, surface mounting components to the conductors of printed circuits on flexible substrates having relatively low temperature heat resistance.
One well known method of mounting circuit components on rigid substrates in the manufacture of printed circuits is referred to as surface mounting. In this method, the components are positioned in the desired location on the surface of the printed circuit substrate and connected to the conductors of the circuit by reflow soldering techniques which are well known in the manufacture of printed circuits. In reflow soldering, the printed circuit substrate and the components are exposed to relatively high temperatures in order to activate the solder paste. It has also been proposed to surface mount components on flexible printed circuit substrates but, in so doing, care must be taken to ensure that the substrate is sufficiently resistant to the reflow soldering temperatures. Many film materials, including polyesters, have not been used satisfactorily for surface mounting components because of inadequate heat resistance and dimensional stability. In practice, only flexible circuit substrates of polyimide film have been found to be suitable for surface mounting of components, in view of the resistance of polyimide films to the temperatures encountered in reflow soldering.
Flexible printed circuit substrates are used extensively for some purposes, usually where a rigid substrate cannot be easily accommodated in the space available. One common use of flexible printed circuits is for vehicle instrument clusters but these circuits have been relatively simple and have not required surface mounting of components.
Most of these simple flexible printed circuits, especially for use in automobile instrument clusters, have used flexible polyester film to provide the flexible substrate. Flexible polyester films are much cheaper than polyimide films, approximately one quarter or one fifth of the price of polyimide films, but polyester films have much lower softening points than polyimide and, in general, are unstable at the temperatures commonly found in reflow soldering.
II. Related Art

Method of mounting circuit components on a flexible substrate


The present invention discloses at least two electrodes disposed at the body of the ECG measuring device of the present invention. When a user normally uses the ECG measuring device, the two electrodes are just adhered to the hands and the face of the user. The ECG measuring method of the present invention is to measure a first ECG signal from the left hand to the left side of face of the user and a second ECG signal from the right hand to the right side of face of the user. Then a plurality of ECG features are obtained from the first ECG signal, the second ECG signal and the result, as related coefficients, of the interactive computing, as a method of plus and subtract, of the first ECG signal and the second ECG signal. Hence, a biometric authorization process is engaged according to the plurality of ECG features.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to a measuring device and a method thereof, more particularly to a measuring device and a method thereof that are for measuring an electrocardiogram (ECG).
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, people are gradually increasing the requirements for security verification. For instance, personal password, ID number, access control card, or biometric identification is broadly extended to our normal life.
According to statistics, people spend at least fourteen minutes per day to use portable phones. Because of the increasing trend for people having portable phones, the persons skilled in the art have proposed variety methods, in order to combine users' verification or identification information on portable phones for various security reasons. For example, the verification or identification process can be engaged through portable phones so as to facilitate payment of small amount money for general daily consumptions.
However, for the current verification or identification system on a portable phone, the user still needs additional steps to operate, such as inputting password, address, ID number, etc., or an extra device, such as ID or sensing card. Moreover, even if the biometric verification or identification system is built in a portable phone, the user may still need extra time to look at the lens of a camera for capturing iris information, or press the specific portions of the portable phone for capturing a fingerprint or measuring an ECG signal. Hence it is very inconvenient and non-passive.
As aforesaid biometric verification or identification, the user utilizes the portable phone to obtain biometric characteristics, so additional time and redundant acts have to be preformed. It is not convenient for general users. In addition, recent verification and identification methods could not effectively use the calling time to measure, determine and verify identity and emotion. This invention passively measures the biometric characteristics when the user is normally using a portable phone, such as speaking during a phone call.
Accuracy of the biometric identification is a critical problem. The present technology is able to use an ECG for human identification. However, the prior Lead-I ECG based identification methods have fewer characteristics on signals. Hence, accuracy is hardly improved because it is lack of distinguishable biometric features. The above reasons make current ECG biometrics hardly applied in the field of high security applications.


A semi-automatic firearm has forward and rearward ends. A receiver has a safety selector aperture, a barrel, a reciprocating loading mechanism and a magazine. A trigger finger and inner portions. The inner portion has a seat with a groove. A disconnector has a hammer hook coupled to the trigger. A trigger mounting pin couples the trigger to the firearm. A trigger disconnector spring couples the trigger and the disconnector. A hammer having an upper striking portion with a disconnector hook receptacle. A hammer mounting pin couples the hammer to the firearm. A hammer spring is coupled to the hammer and hammer mounting pin. A cam body subassembly comprises a cam body housing, a cam and a cam mounting pin. The cam body subassembly is coupled to the firearm. A safety selector is coupled to the firearm. A trigger extender is mated with the upward trigger groove.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a trigger forward displacement system and method and more particularly pertains to increasing the cyclic rate of actuating the trigger and discharging a semi-automatic firearm.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of accelerating assemblies for semi-automatic firearms is known in the prior art. More specifically, accelerating assemblies for semi-automatic firearms previously devised and utilized for the purpose of accelerating the cyclic firing rate of semi-automatic firearms are known to consist basically of familiar, expected, and obvious structural configurations, notwithstanding the myriad of designs encompassed by the crowded prior art which has been developed for the fulfillment of countless objectives and requirements.
By way of example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,101,918 issued Aug. 15, 2000 to Akins discloses a method and apparatus for accelerating the cyclic firing rate or a semi-automatic firearm. U.S. Pat. No. 4,023,465 issued May 17, 1977 to Inskip discloses a firearm. U.S. Pat. No. 4,787,288 issued to Miller discloses a rapid fire trigger activator. Lastly, U.S. Pat. No. 4,697,495 issued Oct. 6, 1987 to Beretta discloses a tripping mechanism for the conversion closed-bolt automatic rifles to open-bolt ones.
While these devices fulfill their respective, particular objectives and requirements, the aforementioned patents do not describe a trigger forward displacement system and method that allows increasing the cyclic rate of actuating the trigger and discharging a semi-automatic firearm.
In this respect, the trigger forward displacement system and method according to the present invention substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art, and in doing so provides an apparatus primarily developed for the purpose of increasing the cyclic rate of actuating the trigger and discharging a semi-automatic firearm.
Therefore, it can be appreciated that there exists a continuing need for a new and improved trigger forward displacement system and method which can be used for increasing the cyclic rate of actuating the trigger and discharging a semi-automatic firearm. In this regard, the present invention substantially fulfills this need.

Trigger forward displacement system and method


Provided is an image forming apparatus that allows information to be shared between applications, while lowering the security risk. With this image forming apparatus, a service acquisition portion references the class information of applications at the time of installation of them to acquire services from a server, or the like. A service registration unit associates the services acquired by the service acquisition portion with the respective applications to store them in a service registry. Upon one of the application being executed, an information sharing control portion uses the shared data to cause the information to be shared with the other services on the basis of the management information of the services associated with the applications by the service registration portion.

The present disclosure relates to an image forming apparatus, an image forming method, and a recording medium, and particularly to an image forming apparatus capable of executing applications, an image forming method, and a recording medium in which a program thereof are recorded.
A typical image forming apparatus, such as a Multifunctional Peripheral (MFP), can print a document or an image, and can install and execute applications.
With these applications, such functions as PDF preparation, name card management, and book keeping, can be added to the image forming apparatus. Further, with an application, cooperation with a piece of external equipment, such as a network camera, can also be performed.
The typical image forming apparatus that includes a storage unit for storing such applications, and uses various applications stored in the storage unit to perform image process.

Image forming apparatus capable of executing applications, image forming method, and recording medium


A compound steering lock-out apparatus to be selectively used with a vehicle equipped with a compound steering mechanism in which the front steerable axle is pivotally connected to the vehicle chassis and a pair of tie rods extend between the pivotable wheels and the chassis to effect a pivotal movement of the axle upon the actuation of a pivotal movement of the wheels relative to the steerable axle. The lock-out apparatus includes a fastener engageable with pivotable components of the compound steering mechanism to restrict the pivotal movement of the carrier linkage interconnecting the axle and the chassis and a single conventional tie rod to replace the dual tie rod concept of the compound steering mechanism. The installation of the lock-out mechanism makes the compound steering apparatus operate as a conventional automotive-type steering mechanism.

This invention relates generally to a steering mechanism for an agricultural tractor in which the front axle is laterally shiftable in response to a steering movement of the steerable wheels and, more particularly, to a compound steer lock-out apparatus that can be utilized to convert a compound steering mechanism to a conventional automotive-type steering mechanism.
Tractors, whether used in an agricultural setting or in an industrial setting, typically include a fixed axle through which primary driving power is transferred through fixed wheels rotatably mounted on opposing ends of the fixed axle, and a steering axle having pivotally mounted steerable ground engaging wheels rotatably mounted on the opposing ends thereof to support the chassis of the tractor above the ground. Supplemental driving power is often provided through the steerable ground engaging wheels, while a steering mechanism remotely controllable by the operator from the operator's compartment selectively controls the pivotal movement of the steerable wheels relative to the steering axle.
One such steering mechanism incorporates a transversely disposed, horizontally extending hydraulic cylinder supported by the steering axle and connected to the opposing steerable wheels. This hydraulic cylinder affects pivotal movement of the steerable wheels about their respective pivotal connections to the steering axle by manipulating the pressures in the hydraulic cylinder to effect a transverse displacement of cylinder rod, causing a turning of the wheels.
Due to physical limitations relating to the range of movement of the steering mechanism and to the eventual interference between the steerable wheels and the steering axle or chassis frame, the amount of pivotal movement of the steerable wheels relative to the steering axle is limited by tire size and track setting to a given restricted turning angle. This maximum turning angle defines the minimum turning radius of the tractor for a given chassis clearance width, axle oscillation angle, wheel base length and king pin spacing. The selection of the length of the wheel base, i.e., the distance between the fixed axle and the steering axle, is a compromise between the need to minimize the turning radius and, therefore, minimize the wheel base length, and to maximize ride considerations which require longer wheel base lengths.
These conflicting wheel base requirements can be better resolved by a steering mechanism incorporating a laterally shifting front axle that is movable in response to a corresponding steering movement of the steerable wheels, which will decrease the turning radius of the tractor for any given wheel base length. The mechanism mounting the steerable axle to the vehicle chassis must accommodate the relative lateral movement between the steering axle and the chassis and would preferably maintain the transversely extending axle in a parallel orientation as the axle and chassis move relative to one another in a generally horizontal plane.
The lateral movement of the shiftable axle is preferable automatically accomplished simultaneously and in conjunction with the steering movement imparted to the pivotable wheels by the steering mechanism. Furthermore, oversteering, which occurs when the wheels are pivoted at generally equal angles and, therefore, because of the lateral spacing of the wheels, do not end up with coinciding turning centers, is a problem with steering mechanisms that needs correction as the wheels are being steered.
It may be desirable by some operators to utilize a conventional automotive-type steering mechanism in some vehicle applications and the compound steering mechanism in other applications. Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide an apparatus for the compound steering mechanism that would be operable to lock-out the compound steering feature and convert the structure to operate as a conventional steering mechanism.


When a schedule is updated, a check is performed to determine whether matters concerning the updated schedule are included in a To Do List, in which all processes to be performed are registered, and a schedule list. When there is an associated undertaking, added to a task table is a notification task for notifying a user and reminding him of the existence of that undertaking. Then, a notification process for reminding the user of the schedule for the pending undertaking is performed under appropriate conditions.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an information processing apparatus that relays a notification to a user and a method therefor.
2. Related Background Art
Notification of a schedule event can be relayed to a user by using schedule management software that stores and manages the user's schedule.
When a user, for example, inputs "10:30–12:00 Review of new model" to a schedule operating screen and selects a notification time of 15 minutes prior to the start of the review, a notification screen is displayed at 10:15:00, which is 15 minutes before the scheduled review starts, so that the user is reminded of the scheduled event.
With the conventional technique, however, a user must select a notification time in advance, and can not set up a process that provides alternate procedures corresponding to a variety of situations.
When the user selects a notification time using the conventional technique and then leaves his seat before the selected notification time, the performance of the notification process is useless. In addition, conditions other than time can not be designated. Thus, scheduled information can not be fully utilized.
In other words, according to the conventional technique, a user must designate in advance a notification time at which to receive a notification, such as a reminder of a scheduled event, from an apparatus, so that performance of a flexible notification process that corresponds to an existing situation can not be performed, and a notification condition other than the time can not be specified.

Notification apparatus and method therefor


A bone-in ham steak is made by separating the muscle, fat, and femur bones from green hams and curing the muscle in a conventional manner. The femur bones are cut into linear segments and aligned lengthwise on a skewer. The aggregated and cured ham muscle and fat are placed into a casing so as to concentrically surround the skewered bone. The product is then cooked and, after removing the skewer, sliced into ham steaks of uniform size and weight with a central bone piece.

The present invention relates generally to prepared meat products and more particularly to a steak product, typically made of ham, having a bone placed in the center of the steak, and also a method of manufacturing such a product.
Center-cut, bone-in ham steaks are a popular consumer food item and for that reason many restaurants have placed them on their menus. For reasons of economy, efficiency, and ease of preparation, restaurants prefer to purchase such ham steaks already prepared and sliced in controlled portions. A traditional way of preparing a bone-in ham steak is to cut out the center of a cured bone-in or semi-boneless ham and then slice it. The bone is left in the sliced steaks, to leave the natural appearance preferred by consumers. However, preparing a center cut, bone-in ham steak in this manner has several drawbacks.
First, a natural cut bone-in ham steak can weigh as much as sixteen ounces, which is too large for normal restaurant use, where six or eight ounce portions are preferred. A conventionally prepared eight ounce ham steak, however, must be cut so thin that it lacks an appealing appearance and is prone to fall apart prior to consumption. Further, if one chooses to simply cut the center portion of a ham from the butt and shank and then slice the steaks from that portion, it is difficult to closely control the size of the resulting portions because of the varying shapes of the hams. Also, the bone in such steaks will not be uniformly centered. In six or eight ounce portions, there may be an excess amount of fat which is naturally deposited in the center of the ham near the femur bone. Finally, a process which uses only the center portion of the ham means that the meat processor must waste the butt and the shank ends or find another use for them.
What is needed, then, is a ham steak product that can be manufactured in uniform six or eight ounce portions. This needed ham steak product must have a desirable appearance with a centered bone, minimal fat, and adequate thickness. This product is presently lacking in the prior art.


A simultaneous satisfiability algorithm, or SSAT, allows simultaneous checks to be made efficiently for a number of literals, x1, . . . ,xn whether x1 is true under any satisfying assignments of a formula (written in conjunctive normal form) built from the variables of these literals and other variables (or, equivalently whether x1 is a logical consequence of the formula). Thus, several related satisfiability checks are performed simultaneously in SSAT. Temporal induction algorithms allow the verification of the sequential behavior of finite state machines, e.g., hardware. Temporal induction algorithms may employ a SSAT solver to perform simultaneous model checking of several invariant (or safety) properties efficiently. These SSAT-based temporal induction algorithms are double-incremental, such that all learned clauses in the SSAT solver are re-used both across verified properties as well as across time frames.

Design verification is increasingly recognized as a bottleneck in the design cycle. Formal verification allows finding design bugs in the early stages of design. Preferably, the formal verification is capable of fully proving the correctness of the design.
A Boolean decision procedure is found at the core of most verification algorithms. The most scalable and fastest among Boolean decision procedures are so-called satisfiability checking (or SAT) algorithms.
A classical satisfiability algorithm, known as a DPLL algorithm (short for the Davis-Putnam-Logemann-Loveland algorithm), takes as input a Boolean formula, f, and decides whether there is a truth assignment to variables of f that makes f evaluate to true. The formula, f, is represented in a special form, known as conjunctive normal form, or CNF.
A system under test, such as hardware, is in transition over time. The transition system is assumed to have an initial state corresponding to time zero. At every interval, such as a clock tick, the state of the system changes according to a transition relation. The state change describes how the system transitions from state to state.
The transition system may thus be characterized as having a set of states, a sub-set of initial states, and a transition relation. The transition relation determines how the transition system may transit from one state to the next, and may be characterized mathematically as a set of state pairs, for example, (s1, s2). The initial state relation defines what states the transition system may be in at time zero. In the transition systems discussed herein, states are given as truth assignments to a fixed number of Boolean variables (these Boolean variables represent the state elements of the hardware). The terms "transition system" and "finite state machine" (or FSM) are used herein interchangeably.
Bounded model checking (BMC) is a SAT-based verification technique used for finding counter-examples (CE) to a given safety property in a transition system. A safety property is a particular Boolean formula, P, in the system that is supposed to be true for all possible scenarios of the system. For a given transition system, C, a safety property, P, is valid if, for all reachable states, s, of the system, C, s(P)=true. Here, the reachable states of the system are the states into which the transition system can transition (from an initial state) in zero or more steps. (The safety properties discussed herein are limited to properties known as invariants.)
The idea of BMC is to unroll the transition system to k time steps, and search using a SAT solver for a state transition path of length less or equal to k, starting with an initial state and ending in a state violating the property. "Unrolling the transition system to k time steps" refers to obtaining a description of the system from time zero to time, k, in other words, building a sequence of states, s0, s1, sk, where state, sl, describes the transition system at time, l. The sequence s0, . . . , sk is referred to herein as a state transition path of the transition system. The methods described herein are designed to analyze state transition paths.
A SAT solver searches for a satisfying assignment to a Boolean formula written in conjunctive normal form (CNF). A CNF formula is represented as a set of clauses, a clause being a disjunction of literals, where a literal is a Boolean variable or its negation. A SAT problem may be represented using n variables, x1, x2, . . . , xn, which may be assigned truth values, 0 (false) or 1 (true). A literal is a variable, xl, or its negation, xl.
The CNF formula operated upon by the SAT solver is known as a SAT instance or a CNF instance. The SAT solver looks for a satisfying assignment of the SAT instance.
Proving a safety property, P, using the BMC technique means showing that there is no counter-example (CE) to P of a length less than or equal to the diameter of the system, i.e., the maximum length of a shortest (thus loop-free) path between any two states.
Practically speaking, BMC is an incomplete technique. BMC is rarely capable of proving a property arising from an industrial application of software or hardware verification. This is because the diameter for such systems is too large to handle by current SAT solvers. One solution to the BMC problem is a technique employing temporal induction.
A temporal induction algorithm proposes unrolling the transition system to depths lower than the diameter of the system. Roughly, BMC in the algorithm corresponds to the base of induction. The induction step, at depth m, attempts to prove that there is no state transition path, s0, . . . ,sm,sm+1 such that P holds in all but the last state (s0 need not be an initial state). Once such a depth, m, is found, and it has been shown in the base of induction that there is no counter-example, CE, to the property of length m or less, the property P is proven valid at all states reachable from the initial stats.
In a BMC run, to avoid unnecessary unrolling of the transition relation, one starts with low bounds, k, if no counter-example, CE, is found for the property of length smaller than or equal to k, the bound, k, is increased, repeatedly, until k reaches the diameter of the transition system, A BMC run thus involves a number of calls to the SAT solver. Similarly, proving the induction step in the algorithm involves several calls to the SAT solver, one for each increase of k as k approaches m. The distinct calls to the SAT solver are closely related.

Verification using simultaneous and inductive SAT algorithms


A collision avoidance system for sea navigation comprises, for each equipped ship, a transmitter that repeatedly transmits the geographic coordinates, course and speed of its own ship and a receiver that sends a display device similar data received from other ships. These received data are displayed, mostly in the form of symbols, on the panoramic screen of the display device.

1. Field of the Invention
An object of the present invention is a collision avoidance system for sea navigation.
2. Description of the Prior Art
At present, the only available form of aid for collision avoidance in sea navigation is primary radar. Every vessel fitted with this radar obtains data on its immediate environment, namely the relative position of the said vessel with respect to other vessels and with respect to any obstacle large enough to be detected by radar such as buoys, coasts, etc. However, a radar of this type gives no data or very little data on the nature of the objects detected (for example, data on the type of ship), the speed of these objects and their maneuvering intentions if any. Any concerted maneuvers by ships in the same zone can be conducted only by radio on channels which are very busy nowadays. Calls cannot be made because the identity of the ship being called is not known, and these calls are therefore ineffective.

Collision avoidance system for sea navigation


A support structure has a pair of elongate side panels and a pair of end support frame assemblies for maintaining the side panels in a mutually spaced relationship and at an elevation to enable suspension of hanging file folders from the side panels. Each of the side panels includes a top member, a bottom member spaced apart from the top member, and at least one reinforcing member interconnecting the top and bottom members. Each of the top and bottom members has opposite terminal ends each formed as a connecting member having a vertical slot. Each of the end support frame assemblies includes a pair of support legs configured to extend through the vertical slots of the respective connecting members of the side panels and includes at least one transverse support member having opposite terminal ends configured to be releasably mounted to respective ones of the support legs.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to support structures suitable arranged to support or suspend other articles and, more particularly, to a support structure adapted for mounting within a file drawer to support hanging file folders therein.
2. Background Information
Hanging or suspension type folder systems employ some type of support structure having a pair of spaced rails from which pocket-type suspension file folders are hung by file folder cross members adapted for resting upon, and slide along, the rails. The support structure of this type from which the folders are hung is designed to be placed in a conventional file drawer or cabinet.
Various hanging file folder support structures of the above type have been proposed, including those of Snowden et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,526,277), Alexander (U.S. Pat. No. 4,049,127), Alexander (U.S. Pat. No. 4,030,610), Walter et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 3,999,663), Irvine et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 3,860,119), Bjorn et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 3,788,718), and Carter (U.S. Pat. No. 3,734,300). However, the constructions disclosed therein are rather complex, costly to manufacture, and/or cumbersome to utilize. In particular, the foregoing support structures do not appear to be suitable, in terms of strength and rigidity, for supporting heavy loads of hanging file folders.
Thus, despite the number and variety of disclosures relating to hanging file folder support structures, such as those noted above, none are believed to provide satisfactory solutions to problems relating to ease and economy of construction and assembly, and to strength and rigidity of the components forming the support structures.
The present invention addresses the foregoing problems and disadvantages of conventional hanging file folder support structures.

Support structure for hanging file folders