A magnetic core (2) is formed so as to be vertically thin and segmentable into an upper segment (3) and a lower segment (4). An inner portion (2a) and two outer portions (2b), (2b) of the magnetic core (2) are interconnected so as to form a closed magnetic circuit. A substrate (9) is inserted between the two outer portions (2b), (2b), while the inner portion (2a) is inserted into a through hole (10) of the substrate (9). A scroll pattern coil (11) is formed on each of front surface (9a) and rear surface (9b) of the substrate (9) outside the through hole (10). Further, a bobbinless winding coil (13) is inserted into an annular space between the inner portion (2a) and the through hole (10).

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to small, flat transformers to be mounted on a printed circuit board or the like. More specifically, the invention relates to a transformer suitable for use in the liquid-crystal back-light power supply system.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The inventor has known a transformer, as shown in FIG. 5, for use in the back-light power supply system. FIG. 5 (A) is a plan view of the transformer; FIG. 5 (B) is a sectional view taken along the line B--B of FIG. 5 (A) in the arrow direction; and FIG. 5 (C) is an electrical circuit diagram of the transformer.
A magnetic core 52 of a conventional transformer 51 is equipped with a left segment 53 and a right segment 54 both formed in section into a laid-down T shape. A bobbin 55 is fitted to the magnetic core 52 at its inner portion 52a. A first winding coil 61 and a second winding coil 62 are wound around one of a plurality of sections of the bobbin 55. Further, third winding coil 63 are wound around the remaining sections of the bobbin 55. In mounting the above-described transformer 51 onto a back-light power supply PCB (printed circuit board), which is not shown, a plurality of lead terminals 65 are previously bent at right angles, the bending ends of the terminals are each inserted into a connecting hole of the PCB, and thereafter the bending ends are soldered.
The aforementioned prior-art transformer has the following problems.
With a recent tendency of downsizing electronic equipment, the diameter of liquid-crystal oriented back-light lamps is being increasingly changed from conventional 4.5 mm (approx. 0.18 inch) to 2.5 mm (approx. 0.1 inch). Along with such a change, there has arisen a strong demand for setting the thickness of the above transformers to be used in the back-light power supply system to 2.5 mm, equal to the foregoing, or less than that.
However, thickness G of the conventional transformer 51 is the sum of thickness D of the inner portion 52a of the magnetic core 52, two times winding thickness E of each winding coil 61 or 62 or 63, and two times wall thickness F of the bobbin 55. It is of great difficulty to make these sizes D, E, and F smaller than as they are, which has accounted for the fact that it has been impossible to reduce the thickness G of the transformer 51 to less than 4.5 mm.


Cyclophilin-60 proteins, nucleic acids, and monoclonal antibodies are provided.

The immunophilins are a class of molecules implicated in a variety of functions, most notably immunoregulation. Immunophilins are the protein receptors for the potent immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporin A, FK506, and rapamycin. These drugs are used to prevent graft rejection and to treat autoimmune disorders. There are two major classes of these immunophilins: the cyclosporin A binding proteins, designated cyclophilins, and the FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs). Although they have related functions, these two groups lack structural and sequence homology.
The cyclophilin/cyclosporin A complex and the FKBP/FK506 complex apparently accomplish immunosuppression by blocking the Ca+2/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase activity of calcineurin, an enzyme that supposedly plays a role in the signal transduction pathway leading to translocation of certain transcription factors from the cytosol to the nucleus of mammalian T cells. Inhibition of the phosphatase activity of calcineurin appears to block T cell activation and inhibits T cell lymphokine production. Specifically, cyclosporin A and FK506 inhibit expression of IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, gamma-interferon, and other nonlymphokine genes (e.g. IL-2R). Rapamycin is structurally similar to FK506 but suppresses T cell activation at a different level, mainly through inhibition of proliferation induced by lymphokines.
In addition to their immunosuppressive functions, the immunophilins have peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity (also sometimes referred to as rotamase activity). This activity is putatively unrelated to immunosuppression. Additionally, there is some suggestion that the immunophilins can act as an ATP-independent chaperone protein, facilitating the folding of target proteins and the assembly of multisubunit protein complexes (see Price et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91:3931 (1994); Freskgard et al., Science 258:466 (1992)), although this activity is unclear (Kern et al., FEBS Letters 348:145 (1994)).
The cyclophilins are apparently ubiquitous throughout nature, and the sequences of more than 27 cyclophilins and 17 FKBPs are known. Sequence alignment of the cyclophilin sequences reveals two "signature" sequences which are present in almost all of the cyclophilins (see Trandinh et al., FASEB J. 6:3410 (1992). In addition, the position corresponding to residue 121 in human cyclophilin A has been implicated in strong cyclosporin binding (see Liu et al., Biochem. 30:2306-2310 (1991)). The E. coli cyclophilins, which bind poorly to cyclosporin, have a phenylalanine at this position; when this residue is mutated to tryptophan, the isomerase activity becomes more sensitive to cyclosporin.
Finally, only a few of the native cyclophilin substrates are known, most notably Drosophila rhodopsin and HIV-1 Gag (see Luban et al., Cell 73:1067-78 (1993); Stamnes et al., Cell 65:219-227 (1991)). Accordingly, the actual mechanisms and processes by which the cyclophilins effect their regulatory mechanisms are not yet elucidated.


The design of a large area display made up of a plurality of field emission display modules is described. The modules have been modified in several ways relative to prior art designs. The cathode and gate lines near the module's edge have been substantially shortened. This feature, in combination with the use of a rabbet joint for attaching thinner than usual edge plates, allows the modules to be butted up against each other such that pixels in adjoining modules are no further apart than pixels in the same module. Because of the thinner edge plates and the general compatibilty of the process, the use of internal supports between the front and rear plates becomes mandatory. Vacuum piping for the modules is located near an edge in dark space or under a green pixel, with the gettering layer being formed inside the piping. The modules all plug into a printed circuit board which includes a custom chip for driving the display.

(1) Field of the Invention
The invention relates to the general field of emission devices and arrays, more particularly to the design of large displays.
(2) Description of the Prior Art
Cold cathode, or field emission, devices are based on the phenomenon of high field emission wherein electrons can be emitted into a vacuum from a room temperature source if the local electric field at the surface in question is high enough. The creation of such high local electric fields does not necessarily require the application of very high voltage, provided the emitting surface has a sufficiently small radius of curvature.
The advent of semiconductor integrated circuit technology made possible the development and mass production of arrays of cold cathode emitters of this type. In most cases, cold cathode field emission displays comprise an array of very small conical emitters, each of which is connected to a source of negative voltage via a cathode conductor line. Another set of conductive lines (called gate lines) is located a short distance above the cathode lines at an angle (usually 90.degree.) to them, intersecting with them at the locations of the conical emitters or microtips, and connected to a source of positive voltage. Both the cathode and the gate line that relate to a particular microtip must be activated before there will be sufficient voltage to cause cold cathode emission.
The electrons that are emitted by the cold cathodes accelerate past openings in the gate lines and strike a cathodo-luminescent panel that is located a short distance from the gate lines. In general, a significant number of microtips serve together as a single pixel in a monochrome display or as sub-pixels in a color display. Note that, even though the local electric field in the immediate vicinity of a microtip is in excess of 10 million volts/cm., the externally applied voltage is only of the order of 100 volts.
The above described components are normally housed in a flat, vacuum tight, structure consisting of a front anode plate, a rear plate that bears the microtips as well as the power (cathode and gate) lines, separated from one another by side supports, located at their edges. Spacers, located between pixels, are also often provided for added strength, but may be omitted in small units.
The structure is evacuated to a high degreee of vacuum, including post seal gettering, through vacuum piping. The latter are attached, either at the side supports or to a front or rear plate, additional space on the surface being made available to accommodate them. It is then operated by means of external leads that are connected, through glass-metal seals, to the power lines. In general, a standard power supply, located near the array, is used for driving the power lines through the same leads that were used for operating.
In practice, it is not cost effective to manufacture field emission displays that exceed a certain size. In general, field emission displays do not measure more than about 30 inches by 30 inches because of the difficulty of manufacturing and handling glass sheets of uniform thickness that are larger than this. Unlike integrated circuits where many perfect chips may be obtained from a single wafer even if yield is relatively low, each field emission display must be perfect.
Thus, to date, field emission displays have tended to be limited to small area applications (usually having a diagonal measurement of less than 40 inches). This is unfortunate because they represent a highly energy-efficient technology and are able to provide the high level of brightness required by outdoor displays such as score boards or timetables. Additionally, field emission displays are well suited to video applications, should these be needed. The energy efficiency of field emission devices compares with that of the currently used large area technologies as follows:
______________________________________ TECHNOLOGY WATTS/LUMEN ______________________________________ HV-VFD* 15 LED** 25 FED 30 ______________________________________ *high voltage vacuum fluorescent displays **light emitting diodes
Note that for very large displays (large in size but having fewer pixels) the cost per pixel of the initial hardware favors LED devices, but in the size range around 300K pixels (corresponding to a 200 inch diagonal) FED displays, constructed according to the teachings of the present invention, are more cost effective aside from their improved energy efficiency.
In principle, it should be possible to combine many small field emission units into a large display by mounting them side by side. In practice, this is not done because, except for pixel pitches greater than about 5 mm., the separation between modules is found to substantially exceed the separation between pixels. As a result, the assemblage is not seamless and can be seen to be a composite. In practice, the pixel pitch of a display must be designed to be more than twice the separation distance between modules so if, for example, the separation is 2 mm., then the pixel pitch will need to be over 4 mm. Thus, the separation between modules represents the final limitation to the resolution of this type of display.
Additionally, multiple power supplies are needed to drive the multiple modules. Their associated wiring requires leaving room for wiring channels, further limiting the degree of compactness that can be achieved.
In FIG. 1, we illustrate how two individual modules, 1 and 2, are combined into a single unit using currently available methods. Each unit consists of a front plate 3, a rear plate 4, and edge plates 7. Optional spacers 8 are also seen. A set of edge plates, lying in a plane parallel to that of the figure, is not shown. A set of power lines (also not shown) is located on the inside surface of rear plates 4 and contact is made to them through electrode 6 which passes underneath an edge plate 7 and emerges as lead 5. This allows two contacts 6 to be combined into a single lead 5.
The present invention is directed towards improved module designs that can be seamlessly linked together to form a large area display. In the course of searching for prior art, the following references were found to be of interest. Te Velde (U.S. Pat. No. 5,238,435 August 1993) shows a liquid crystal display having very small cell thickness. Komano (U.S. Pat. No. 5,375,005 December 1994) discloses a liquid crystal display device for effectively supporting liquid crystal plate and illuminating device. Shannon et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,234,541 August 1993) shows a method of fabricating a MIM type device that is carried on a support together with an array of electrodes and address conductors for an active matrix display. Zimmerman (U.S. Pat. No. 5,603,649 February 1997) describes a self-aligned structure that allows FED devices to be fabricated in any desired size.

Mosaic field emission display with internal auxiliary pads

Industrial Technology Research Institute


An axle assembly includes a first holding member, and a second holding member with a collet shape on a tubular body. The second holding member is inserted into a penetrating hole of a shaft mounting portion so as to reduce its diameter. The tubular body is directly inserted into the penetrating hole. When moving the fastening bar by operation of the cam lever, both holding members nip and hold the shaft mounting portion. While dismantling, a diameter shrinking part moves so as to reduce a diameter of the second holding member.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an axle assembly to mount a wheel hub of a bicycle to a front fork or a suspension fork.
2. Related Background Art
A conventional axle assembly has a tubular body and a pair of holding members with a flange shape. In the conventional axle assembly, both ends of the tubular body are inserted into respective penetrating holes of a pair of shaft mounting portions (i.e. dropouts) furnished below a suspension fork; the respective holding members are screwed into both ends of the tubular body; and the holding members are used to nip and hold the pair of shaft mounting portions. The tubular body is thus installed on the pair of the shaft mounting portions. The tubular body rotatably supports a hub of a wheel.
The shaft mounting portions to mount such a conventional axle assembly are formed into two separate structures in order to enable the diameter of the penetrating holes of the shaft mounting portions to be reduced. After the tubular body is inserted into the penetrating hole, through integrating them by tightness of a fastening bolt so as to shrink a diameter of the penetrating hole, the tubular body is strongly fixed.
However, as stated above, when screwing the holding member or performing the tightening of the fastening bolt, there is a problem that not only is a wrench needed, but also time and exertion are needed for mounting and dismantling of the tubular body.
Recently, by furnishing slotted fingers for expanding a diameter at both ends of the tubular body, a fastening bar furnished on the tubular body can be moved by a lever operation of a cam lever. Diameters of the both ends of the tubular body via the slotted fingers are expanded by pressing a taper washer connected to the fastening bar into both ends of the tubular body. Peripheral surfaces of both ends of the tubular body are squeezed onto wall surfaces of the penetrating holes of the shaft mounting portions. Thus, the axle assembly having a structure in which the tubular body is installed on the shaft mounting portion is used practically.
This axle assembly can dismantle the tubular body from the shaft mounting portions by restoring the cam lever to an open position and taking off the taper washer from the fastening bar, and it has a comparatively simple structure for mounting and dismantling. However, since there are slotted fingers at both ends of the tubular body, there is a drawback that the strength of the tubular body becomes weak.


A longitudinal guide rail for a motor vehicle seat. The rail includes two elongated guide rails that engage with one another and are displaceable in relation to one another in the longitudinal direction of the rails, a retaining bracket for a seatbelt buckle, which is fastened to one of the two guide rails, a slot that is provided in one of the guide rails, through which a fixing section of the retaining bracket is guided into a space enclosed by the two guide rails and a fixing point, at which the fixing section of the retaining bracket is connected to one of the guide rails. The fixing section when viewed from the longitudinal direction of the rails, extends beyond the slot and the fixing point, also viewed from the longitudinal direction of the rails, is located at a distance from the slot.

When fixing a seat belt buckle on a longitudinal guide rail for a motor vehicle seat there is the problem that in the event of a crash very large forces can act on the buckle when a vehicle occupant is restrained by a seat belt connected to this buckle. These forces have—in relation to a longitudinal guide rail for a vehicle seat installed in the vehicle—a component directed vertically upwards (perpendicular to the longitudinal guide rail) and a component directed inwards (perpendicular to the longitudinal guide rail and to the vertical), corresponding to the traction forces which act on the seat belt connected to the belt buckle as the belt restrains the occupant seated on the corresponding vehicle seat. Such forces can in particularly with serious accidents lead to the retaining bracket through which the belt buckle is fixed to the guide rail of the longitudinal guide becoming detached from the corresponding rail if the fixing points do not withstand the forces which arise.

Longitudinal guide rail for motor vehicle seat

Brose Fahrzeugteile GmbH & Co. KG, Coburg


A decorative plate assembling structure for upper beam of a vertical/horizontal blind, including an upper beam, two sealing caps, two sealing covers, a left and a right decorative plates and multiple intermediate decorative plates. The upper beam has a U-shaped cross-section. An upper and a lower sides of a front end of the sealing cap are respectively disposed with two L-shaped insertion channels. An upper and a lower ends of the sealing cover are respectively disposed with two L-shaped insertion sections for fitting into the L-shaped insertion channels of the sealing cap. A boss outward projects from a center of the sealing cover. A dovetail block is disposed at an end of the boss. A back side of each of the left and right decorative plates is disposed with a transverse dovetail channel. A back side of each intermediate decorative plate is disposed with a fastener member. The whereby the dovetail channels of the left and right decorative plates are fitted with the dovetail blocks of the bosses of the sealing covers, permitting the left and right decorative plates to be replaceably slidably located on the upper beam, the fastener member of the intermediate decorative plate clipping a front side of the upper beam, permitting the intermediate decorative plate to be replaceably slidably located on the upper beam. The decorative plates are freely replaceably and movably located on the upper beam to beautify the same.

The present invention relates to a decorative plate assembling structure for an upper beam of a vertical/horizontal blind, in which decorative plates replaceably and movably assembled with the upper beam to beautify the upper beam and make the upper beam more valuable.
A conventional blind includes an upper beam on which the slats are hung. The upper beam is not equipped with any decorative accessory so that the appearance of the upper beam is monotonous and can hardly achieve a beautiful visual appearance.

Decorative plate structure assembly for a beam of a blind

No.8, Lane 25, Yu Tsai ST., Ting Tsuo Li


A digital video signal processing device is capable of avoid phase difference of video signals in case of converting the rate of digital video signals. In case of converting the first digital video signal to the second digital video signal, the sync points of the first digital video signal and the second digital video signal can be coincided by coinciding the predetermined numbered clock timings of the first and second clocks with a clock synchronizing device. Since the rate is converted in utilizing a filter having a characteristic to coincide sync points of the first and second digital video signals, sync points of the first digital video signal and the second digital video signal can be coincided, so that the phase difference of video signals can be avoided in advance in either case.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a digital video signal processing device, and more particularly to an improvement of a rate converter for converting a sampling rate of digital video signal.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In conventional rate converters for digital video signals, there are some which are capable of converting especially the component digital video signal of D-1 525/60 standard in the SMPTE (hereinafter referred to as a D-1 digital video signal) into the D-2 NTSC standard composite digital video signal (hereinafter referred to as a D-2 digital video signal).
Here, since the sampling frequency of D-1 digital video signal consists of 13.5 [MHz] while the sampling frequency of D-2 digital video signal is 14.3 [MHz] and they have the correlation of 33:35, there are many cases where the high over-sampling filters are constituted in the rate converters in utilizing the integer ratio.
In this case, it is a common practice that the filters to constitute in order to coincide the sample points each other periodically, and accordingly, regarding the signal element of effective part of video signal, the rate can be converted correctly.
Then, practically, according to the formats of digital video signal of D-1 and digital video signal of D-2, whereas the digital video signal of D-1 has a sample point, D-2 has no sample point in regard to 50, percent point of the dropping of sync signal (hereinafter referred to the sync point).
Accordingly, as discussed above, in the case where the filter is constituted in order that two sample points are coincident each other at an optional cycle, there is a problem that a wave form of the sync signal of D-1 digital video signal cannot be converted correctly to conform to the format of D-2 digital video signal.
Heretofore, as shown in FIG. 1, there is a rate converter 1 which generates and adds the sync signal or burst signal to conform to the format of D-2 digital video signal aside from the rate converter of effective part in the D-1 digital video signal.
In this rate converter 1, the digital video signal VD1 of D-1 is decoded via the 4:2:2 decoder (not shown) and the resultant luminance signal Y1 is inputted to the luminance rate converter 2 which is composed of the over-sampling filter, and the sampling rate is converted and the resultant luminance signal Y2 after being converted will be inputted to the first composing circuit 3.
And similarly, the color difference signals R-Y, B-Y to be obtained by decoding the digital video signal VD1 of D-1 will be inputted to the chrominance rate converters 4 and 5 which comprise the over-sampling filter respectively and the resultant post converted color difference signal will be modulated at a modulator 6 and the post modulated color signal C2 will be inputted to a composing circuit 3.
In this first composing circuit 3, the digital video signal VD2 of D-2 is generated by composing the luminance signal Y2 and the color signal C2 to be inputted, and then outputted to the second composing circuit 7. The sync signal SYNC and the burst signal BST corresponding to the D-2 format outputted from the sync additional circuit 8 are inputted to the second composing circuit 7.
With this arrangement, in the second composing circuit 7 as shown in FIG. 2A, a digital video signal VD20 of D-2 is obtained after combining the sync signal SYNC and the burst signal BST corresponding to the D-2 format in the effective part of the video signal of the digital video signal VD2 and will be outputted as an output of the rate converter 1.
However, in case of converting the rate using this kind of rate converter 1, as shown in FIG. 2A by a dashed line, there occurs a slight phase difference between the residual chroma and the regular chroma on the luminance signal because of the time base error, and accordingly the distance between the sync signal SYNC and the effective part in the video signal, i.e., the video phase may be distorted.
As against the dropping of sync signal SYNC is converted with the same correct phase as the sync signal SYNC of the digital video signal of D-1 as shown in FIG. 2B by a line, the phase difference occurs in the case where the video phase error deviates for .DELTA.V and gap grows bigger by repeating the rate conversions and shown in FIG. 2B by a dashed line, and it has been found insufficient as a solution for practical use.

Sample rate converter for digital video signals having reduced phase error and sync point coincidence


The present invention relates to a touch sensor in which a sensor pattern is irregularly formed, and a touch screen panel using the same. The touch sensor includes a plurality of channels including a plurality of first sensor lines extending in a horizontal direction and a plurality of second sensor lines extending in a vertical direction and in contact with the plurality of first sensor lines at a plurality of contact points to form a mesh pattern. Therefore, occurrence of a moiré phenomenon is prevented, and the contact points between the sensor lines are distributed so as not to be concentrated in any one region, such that generation of a foreign material sensation may be minimized. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a decrease in visibility due to the generation of the foreign material sensation.

A touch screen panel, which is an input device added onto a display device such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), a plasma display panel (PDP), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), an active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED), or the like, or embedded in the display device, is a device recognizing an object such as a finger, a touch pen, or the like, in contact with a touch screen as an input signal. Such a touch screen panel has been recently mounted mainly in mobile apparatuses such as a mobile phone, a portable multimedia player (PMP), a smartphone, and the like, and has also been used in many industrial fields such as a navigation device, a netbook computer, a laptop computer, a digital information device (DID), a desktop computer using a touch input supporting operating system, an Internet protocol television (IPTV), a state-of-the-art fighter, a tank, an armored motorcar, and the like.
The touch screen panel includes a capacitive type touch screen panel recognizing an input signal by sensing a change in a capacitance, a resistive type touch screen panel recognizing an input signal by sensing a change in a resistance value by a pressure, an infrared sensing type touch screen panel recognizing an input signal by whether or not infrared is blocked using an infrared light emitting element and an infrared light receiving element, and the like. Among them, the capacitive type touch screen panel is most generally used, and the present invention also relates to such a capacitive type touch screen panel and a touch sensor constituting the same.
Generally, the capacitive type touch screen panel is configured by bonding two touch sensors to each other or forming touch sensors on opposite surfaces of one substrate. The touch sensor includes a conducting wire pattern so as to sense a change in a capacitance, and should transmit light emitted from the display device. Therefore, the conducting wire pattern is formed as a mesh pattern such as a mesh. However, since the mesh pattern has a form in which thin conducting wires are repeatedly formed at predetermined intervals, when the two touch sensors overlap each other, a moiré phenomenon occurs.
A touch screen including an irregular sensor pattern according to the related art filed by the present applicant in order to prevent the moiré phenomenon as described above is disclosed in Patent Document 1. FIG. 1 is a plan view of a touch screen panel including an irregular sensor pattern according to the related art, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of part A of FIG. 1.
In the touch screen panel including the irregular sensor pattern according to the related art, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the moiré phenomenon may be prevented by the irregular sensor pattern 1, but due to excessive irregularity, as illustrated in FIG. 2, a sensor pattern is concentrated in any one place (region a), and is not concentrated in another place (region a′).
Therefore, a foreign material sensation is generated in the region a in which the sensor pattern is concentrated, and is further increased by the region a′ in which the sensor pattern is not relatively concentrated. As a result, a problem that visibility is decreased occurs.
That is, in the touch screen panel including the irregular sensor pattern according to the related art, the moiré phenomenon occurring due to a regular sensor pattern is prevented, but the sensor pattern cannot but be concentrated due to the excessive irregularity. As a result, the foreign material sensation is generated, and the visibility is decreased.

Touch sensor and touch screen panel using same


A high-voltage conduction path includes one conductor of a positive electrode conductor and a negative electrode conductor, a first insulator on the outside of the one conductor, the other conductor of the positive electrode conductor and the negative electrode conductor, the other conductor on the outside of the first insulator, and a second insulator on the outside of the other conductor. The other conductor is made of a metal wire material and formed into a cylindrical shape by spirally winding the metal wire material, and portions of the metal wire material positioned to be adjacent to each other contact with each other at side end faces opposed to each other.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a high-voltage conduction path and a wiring harness.
2. Background Art
A wiring harness suitable for hybrid vehicles or electric vehicles is disclosed in the following PTL1. The wiring harness disclosed in PTL1 is provided to connect a battery and an inverter unit and includes two high-voltage conduction paths, each of which is a positive circuit and a negative circuit. In the wiring harness, two high-voltage conduction paths are routed side by side (in parallel). Further, two high-voltage conduction paths are routed in such a way that bending is carried out along a desired path.
PTL1: JP-A-2010-012868

High-voltage conduction path and wiring harness


Dry developable top surface imageable photoresist compositions which comprise, in admixture, a film-forming aromatic polymer resin activated to electrophilic substitution, an acid catalyzable agent capable of being inserted into the aromatic polymer resin, and a radiation degradable acid generating compound and processes for generating positive tone resist images on substrates therewith.

There has been a continuing desire in the electronics industry to obtain higher circuit density in microelectronic devices. To achieve the higher degree of integration necessary to meet the ground rules for such devices, lithographic techniques have been subjected to improvements which enhance the resolution of lithographic patterns in photoresist films.
Aqueous base developable photoresist compositions which crosslink through electrophilic aromatic substitution have been disclosed in Reck et al., SPIE Regional Technical Conference on Photopolymers, Ellenville, N.Y., 63 (1988). Such formulations are characterized by having 3 structural components which include (a) an aromatic moiety, such as poly(4-hydroxystyrene) or novolak, which is susceptible to electrophilic aromatic substitution and allows for development under ionizing conditions, (b) a stable substance which is capable upon reaction with acid, of generating an electrophile, viz., a carbocationic species whose precursor is the acetate of an aryl methylol, and (c) a photo-acid generator which is an onium salt such as triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate. Upon exposure latent images are formed consisting of a strong acid dispersed in the exposed areas of the resist film. When the film is baked briefly after exposure, the acid cleaves the acetate group of the latent electrophile to produce a benzylic carbocationic species which reacts immediately with the surrounding phenolic resin to form new carbon-carbon bonds. Such formation of new carbon-carbon bonds results in an increase in molecular weight of the resin or its crosslinking, thereby drastically altering its solubility properties. Subsequent development in dilute base affords a negative-tone image of the mask. (Systems which included novolak resins were said to exhibit an unacceptable high optical density in deep UV).
In Schellekens et al., Proc. SPIE 1086, 220 (1989), single layer resist systems are provided that involve the gas phase silylation and dry development& of diazoquinone novolak resists and poly(vinylphenol) resists in the novolak case a novolak identified as AZ-Protective Coating was used and 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-t-butyl-1-hydroxybenzene was used as a crosslinking agent and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate was used as the deep UV sensitizer. In the case of the poly(vinylphenols), hexamethoxymethylmelamine was used as the crosslinker and 2(4-phenylphenyl)-4,6-bis(trichlorolmethyl)-s-triazine was used as the sensitizer. In contrast to previously known esterification crosslinking schemes, the authors of this paper took as the position that the crosslinking both in the case of the novolak species and in the case of the poly(vinylphenols) occurs due to a transetherification mechanism. The crosslinking sites are the hydroxy groups on the polymer chain. This paper further discloses the silylation of the resists using both hexamethyl disilazane and trimethylsilyldimethylamine as silylating agents.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,613,398 to Chiong et al. is directed to methods for formation of etch resistant resists through the preferential permeation of organometallic materials into the differentially exposed polymeric resist materials. In certain embodiments, the differential permeation is achieved through the crosslinking of the polymer molecules to increase the molecular weight of the polymer and reduce its permeability. Typical of the photocrosslinkable polymers are those which contain functional groups such as hydroxy, carbonyl, phenol, amine and imide NH. These polymers include novolak resins, resoles, epoxides, and polymers containing azido groups and polyviynylphenol additionally crosslinking maybe through polyfunctional monomers and prepolymers containing double bonds and epoxy groups.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,601 to Allen et al. is concerned with the formation of top surface images in resist films that transfers the image to only the top surface of the film so that the subsequent treatment with organometallic reagent occurs only in the top fraction of the film which is more permeable or more reactive to the organometallic reagent giving a structure which is equivalent to a bi or multilayer system. That disclosure is directed primarily to those materials which have recurrent acid labile pendent groups that when released from the polymer chain provide sights for reaction with the organometallic material.
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/735,420, filed Jul. 25, 1991 to Allen et al., is directed to methods for converting chemically amplified photoresist systems to a top surface imaging resist system by the incorporation of an opaquing dye in the photoresist composition to prevent the passage of imaging radiation through a substantial portion of the film and treating the imaged film with a silylating agent and dry developing such treated film to form negative tone resist images.

Dry developable photoresist compositions and method for use thereof

International Business Machines Corporation


A system that alters the frequency and/or phase response to attenuate the signal to a first internal channel within a speaker box having two speakers so as to minimize interference with the second speaker when reproducing a mono signal (either left or right) in an interconnected stereo system.

Listening to audio in stereo started to become popular in the 1930s. It has been used in dedicated applications like movie theaters since the 1950's and became fairly common for home listening in the late 1960's. As stereo became expected in many audio applications, most self-contained audio devices have stereo speakers attached.
Generally, a broader stereo image is created when speakers have a significant separation from each other. In contrast, close proximity of stereo speakers limits the spread of the generated stereo image. While sound generated by closely positioned speakers can be satisfying, in a domestic listening situation the potential of the stereo aural image is constrained. One limitation comes from having both channels in the single box. The user of such a 'single speaker box' system is limited to a few options. First, the user can connect the left channel from the source to the left speaker, and connect the right channel from the source to the right speaker. This option will sacrifice the maximum output and dynamics.
Alternatively, a user can connect both channels from the source to each speaker tied to the appropriate channel, but the close proximity of the higher frequency radiators can cause interference and very ragged frequency response at higher frequencies, reducing the benefit of using both speakers. These problems may cause a user to discard their system for separate boxes for each channel and leaving the original system unused.
As such there arises a need for a system that incorporates the user's existing speaker box info a system that effectively separates the left and right channels of a stereo system.


Route guidance information capable of displaying a route can be generated in an easy-to-understand, user-friendly manner even on a small screen of a navigation system. To generate such information, route guidance information at plural guide points on the route between plural points is so constructed that each piece of route guidance information will fit in the area of one screen. Display positions of the route guidance information are brought into one-to-one correspondence with numeric keys in ascending numeric order, and into correspondence with one another through hyperlinks not accompanied by calling of another file. Each file is divided so that each piece will not exceed the file size or maximum value of the numeric keys.

Conventionally, car navigation devices equipped with map storage means, input means, search means and present position calculation means have been known. The devices are to show guide information such as the course or traveling direction of the next intersection at just the right time in relation to a present position.
Navigation methods for transmitting a route result searched at a center have also known in the conventional, for example, as proposed and disclosed in Japanese unexamined patent publication Nos. 2000-46567, Hei 11-296074, 2000-113388, 2000-123295 and 2000-155896, which can reduce the amount of data to be transmitted from the center to a terminal, and communication time and costs.
With route guidance information generating devices and methods, a method and device for automatically forming a deformation map as disclosed in Japanese unexamined patent publication No. Hei 10-198267, and a navigation device and method as disclosed in Japanese unexamined patent publication No. 2000-155035 are known. A technique for representing an overview of a guide route as a deformation map or patterned text stored on a provided medium is also known.
In the above-mentioned prior art, however, a hardware configuration of a terminal is such that a display screen is small, and underperforming CPU and memory can only perform simple control processing, or response time during which a user has to wait until route guidance information desired by the user is displayed and the point as to whether expression is possible on the small display screen are not considered, which results in problems that the conventional technology makes the response time long and operability bad, and can not display or determine the route on such a terminal only with a small display screen. Further, since the above-mentioned conventional communication-type navigation system is premised on use of a relatively big display screen and a navigation-only terminal with relatively large memory capacity, it also has such a problem that the system becomes expensive.

Route guidance information generating device and method, and navigation system

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine can control an actual operating characteristic with high precision by shortening a response time thereof. The control apparatus capable of changing an actual phase angle of a camshaft by an OCV includes a crank angle sensor for detecting a crank angle of a crankshaft and generating a crank angle signal, an actual phase angle detection section for detecting the actual phase angle of the camshaft, an air flow sensor and a throttle position sensor for detecting an operating state of the engine, a target phase angle calculation section for calculating a target phase angle based on the operating state, and a phase angle feedback control section for calculating an operation amount to the OCV so as to make the actual phase angle coincide with the target phase angle. The phase angle feedback control section calculates the operation amount in synchronization with the crank angle signal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a control apparatus for changing the operating characteristic of an internal combustion engine in accordance with the operating state thereof, and more particularly, it relates to a control apparatus for an internal combustion engine which servers to control, for example, the opening and closing timing (valve timing) of an intake valve and an exhaust valve by changing the phase angle of a camshaft with respect to that of a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, there has been known a control apparatus for an internal combustion engine which can change the operating characteristic of the internal combustion engine by means of an actuator.
Hereinafter, reference will be made, as an example, to a case where the operating characteristic of an internal combustion engine is the phase angle of a camshaft with respect to that of a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine.
A known valve timing control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes an intake valve and an exhaust valve that are driven to operate in synchronization with the rotation of the internal combustion engine so as to open and close an intake passage and an exhaust passage, respectively, leading to a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, a valve timing variable mechanism that changes the opening and closing timing of the intake valve or the exhaust valve by changing the phase angle of a camshaft with respect to a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, an operating state detection section that detects the operating state of the internal combustion engine (hereinafter also referred to as an engine operating state), a target operating characteristic calculation section (target valve timing calculation section) that calculates a target phase angle of the camshaft (target valve timing and target operating characteristic) in accordance with the engine operating state, an actual operating characteristic detection section (actual valve timing detection section) that detects an actual phase angle of the camshaft (actual valve timing and actual engine operating characteristic), and an operation amount feedback control section (actual valve timing control section) that calculates an amount of operation (a quantity of control) for the valve timing variable mechanism according to feedback control (hereinafter also referred to as "F/B control") so as to make the target phase angle and the actual phase angle coincide with each other (see, for example, a first patent document: Japanese patent application laid-open No. 2001-152886).
In this valve timing control apparatus, the actual operating characteristic detection section detects the actual phase angle of the camshaft at every predetermined crank angle. In addition, the operation amount feedback control section calculates the amount of operation for the valve timing variable mechanism based on the detected actual phase angle according to phase angle feedback control at a fixed period (e.g., 25 msec) different from the detection period of the actual phase angle.
Accordingly, the actual phase angle is detected, and the amount of operation for the valve timing variable mechanism is calculated based on the actual phase angle, so that the valve timing variable mechanism is driven to operate based on the amount of operation thus calculated.
As a result, there is a possibility that a control delay time until the start of operation of the valve timing variable mechanism might be lengthened.
Hereinafter, reference will be made to the control delay time due to the above-mentioned known valve timing control apparatus while referring to a timing chart in FIG. 12.
FIG. 12 is the timing chart that shows the control delay time occurring when the operation amount feedback control section executes the phase angle feedback control at a fixed period Tfb in the known valve timing control apparatus.
Here, description will be made to a case where the actual phase angle is detected immediately after the execution of the phase angle feedback control.
In FIG. 12, a control delay time Tcntd is the sum total of an actual phase angle detection delay time Tpdd occurring upon detection of the actual phase angle, a phase angle feedback control processing delay time Tfbd occurring upon execution of the phase angle feedback control, and a PWM driving delay time Tpwmd occurring upon driving the valve timing variable mechanism in a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) manner.
Here, note that the actual phase angle detection delay time Tpdd is set, as a general delay time, to ½ of a period Tsgt of the crank angle signal for example.
At this time, the actual phase angle is detected immediately after the execution of the phase angle feedback control, so the phase angle feedback control processing delay time Tfbd becomes equal to one fixed period Tfb of the phase angle feedback control.
That is, owing to a deviation between the detection timing of the actual phase angle and the execution timing of the phase angle feedback control, the control delay time Tcntd will contain the phase angle feedback control processing delay time Tfbd corresponding, at maximum, to the one fixed period Tfb of the phase angle feedback control, so the control delay time Tcntd becomes longer.
Accordingly, when the gain of the phase angle feedback control is set to a large value so as to improve the response of the actual phase angle, the actual phase angle causes hunting due to the above-mentioned control delay time Tcntd.
Thus, the gain of the phase angle feedback control can not be set to a large value, so the response time of the actual phase angle is lengthened.
In addition, in this valve timing control apparatus, when the internal combustion engine is rotating at a low speed of about 600 rpm for instance, the detection period of the actual phase angle (e.g., 50 msec when the actual phase angle is detected at every crank angle of 180 degrees) becomes longer than the fixed period (25 msec) of the phase angle feedback control.
Accordingly, the amount of operation for the valve timing variable mechanism is repeatedly calculated based on the same actual phase angle that is different from the actual phase angle until the actual phase angle is detected and updated.
In the known valve timing control apparatus for an internal combustion engine, the gain of the phase angle feedback control can not be set to a large value, so there has been a problem that the response time of the actual phase angle becomes relatively long.
In addition, when the internal combustion engine is rotating at low rotational speed, the amount of operation for the valve timing variable mechanism is repeatedly calculated based on the same actual phase angle that was previously detected and is different from a current actual phase angle until the current or fresh actual phase angle is detected and updated, so there has also been a problem that the control accuracy of the actual phase angle is reduced.

Control apparatus for an internal combustion engine


Predefined lists of selected variables are created and interrelated to produce incident reports. The lists are created and modified through the use of formatted computer screens or input forms, and the reports are produced through the use of formatted computer outputs or output formats. The lists include accident-related information such as industry types, occupations, safety teams, attendance codes, types of injuries, body parts affected, types of incidents, site conditions, accident causes and safety reminders. The input forms often correspond directly to the types of lists, so that there is a form through which the list of industry types is created and/or modified, and another form through which the list of occupations is created. In addition, there are input forms that allow creation and/or modification of several lists at one time, particularly when each element in one list is directly associated with one element from another list. The output formats include agency-related formats such as an OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration) No. 200 report, and statistical summaries used for managerial decision making. The statistical summaries may be textual or graphical, or a combination of textual and graphical.

In the past, a myriad of paper and paperless forms have been developed and used to aid in this process. For example, OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration) form No. 200 is a fill-in-the-blanks form, with blanks for specific information about a given accident, such as the name of the injured, the type of injury, the severity of the injury and the extent of any resulting absence from work. While it is relatively simple for a user to complete the form, only the most experienced user is able to complete the form with any type of standardization. Furthermore, it is difficult to coordinate such standardization among disparate users, as is desirable in a large, multi-plant workplace. Computer databases have also been used to track employee information and accident statistics. However, no method has, prior to the present invention, interrelated predefined lists of the possible variables used in accident reporting to repeatably produce consistent accident reports, nor has any previously done so using a plurality of defined lists of such variables stored on a computer.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Computer-implemented process of reporting injured worker information


A short form fluid dynamic bearing motor is provided comprising a stationary shaft attached at a first end to a motor cover, a plate supported on a second end of the shaft, a hub rotatably supported on the shaft, a journal gap defined between an outer diameter of the shaft and an inner diameter of the hub, a fluid bearing in the journal gap, a thrust gap defined between a lower surface of the hub and an upper surface of the plate, and an air (or other gas) bearing in the thrust gap.

Disk drives are capable of storing large amounts of digital data in a relatively small area. Disk drives store information on one or more recording media, which conventionally take the form of circular storage disks (e.g. media) having a plurality of concentric circular recording tracks. A typical disk drive has one or more disks for storing information. This information is written to and read from the disks using read/write heads mounted on actuator arms that are moved from track to track across the surfaces of the disks by an actuator mechanism.
Generally, the disks are mounted on a spindle that is turned by a spindle motor to pass the surfaces of the disks under the read/write heads. The spindle motor generally includes a shaft mounted on a base plate and a hub, to which the spindle is attached, having a sleeve into which the shaft is inserted. Permanent magnets attached to the hub interact with a stator winding on the base plate to rotate the hub relative to the shaft. In order to facilitate rotation, one or more bearings are usually disposed between the hub and the shaft.
Over the years, storage density has tended to increase, and the size of the storage system has tended to decrease. This trend has lead to greater precision and lower tolerance in the manufacturing and operating of magnetic storage disks.
The bearing assembly that supports the storage disk is of importance. One bearing design is a fluid dynamic bearing. In a fluid dynamic bearing, a lubricating fluid such as air or liquid provides a bearing surface between a fixed member of the housing and a rotating member of the disk hub. In addition to air, typical lubricants include gas, oil or other fluids. The relatively rotating members comprise fluid dynamic grooves formed on the members themselves. Fluid dynamic bearings spread the bearing surface over a large surface area, as opposed to a ball bearing assembly, which comprises a series of point interfaces. This bearing surface distribution is desirable because the increased bearing surface reduces wobble or run-out between the rotating and fixed members. Further, the use of fluid in the interface area imparts damping effects to the bearing, which helps to reduce non-repeatable run-out. Thus, fluid dynamic bearings are an advantageous bearing system.
Many current fluid dynamic bearing motor designs used in small form factor drives—that is, drives with stringent axial height constraints—suffer from insufficient angular stiffness due to the limited journal space available for journal bearing span. It is well known in the art that angular stiffness is a function of linear stiffness (i.e., radial stiffness in the journal bearing and axial stiffness in the thrust bearing) times a moment arm length (i.e., journal bearing span and thrust bearing diameter). Angular stiffness shortcomings therefore have traditionally been countered by employing a large diameter thrust bearing (i.e., increasing the moment arm length—or thrust bearing diameter—for axial stiffness) to augment the total bearing angular stiffness in cases where increasing the journal span is not possible. However, increasingly stringent power requirements in small disk drives make this option less efficient from a power standpoint. More specifically, large diameter thrust bearings consume relatively large amounts of power because the drag of a thrust bearing is proportional to the 4th power of the bearing's radius, and the bearing fluid employed in those thrust bearings oftentimes is a liquid having a relatively high viscosity.
Thus, there is a need in the art for an efficient small form factor fluid dynamic bearing motor having improved angular stiffness.

Low profile air-oil hybrid fluid dynamic bearing motor


An information processing apparatus stores identification information of an output apparatus connected to the information processing apparatus, stores display state information indicating a display state at the time of a stop of a system of the information processing apparatus, and controls restoration of the display state based on identification information of an external output apparatus connected to the information processing apparatus and the stored identification information in a case where the system is restarted after the stop of the system.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an information processing apparatus, an information processing method, and a storage medium.
Description of the Related Art
Some operation programs (hereinafter referred to as "OSs") provided with graphical user interfaces configured to be driven on, for example, information processing apparatuses, have a function of restoring a display state of an application program. According to this function, an OS stores a display state of an application program running when the OS is shut down, and restores the stored display state of the application when the OS is started up next time. This function, for example, saves user's trouble of reactivating the application program that was running at the time of shutdown when the information processing apparatus is started up, and, therefore, is highly convenient for users.
Further, some information processing apparatuses can be connected to a plurality of display apparatuses. This allows a user to work on a wider display area. Further, even many of laptop-type information processing apparatuses integrated with display units have connection units for further connection to external display apparatuses.
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-164988 discusses a multi-display system, in which an information processing apparatus is connected to a plurality of display apparatuses, and has a function of assigning application programs running on the information processing apparatus to the plurality of display apparatuses, thereby improving convenience for users.
However, according to the technique discussed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-164988, once an application program is set to be displayed on a connected display apparatus, the application program is always displayed on that display apparatus no matter what kind of apparatus that display apparatus is. This feature leads to a problem in that the application program is displayed even on a display apparatus on which the user does not want the application program to be displayed.

Information processing apparatus, information processing method, and storage medium for displaying on a multi-display system based on display type


A golf club head including a sloping front face having a grooved striking zone for impacting a golf ball, a toe, and a heel, said face including in addition to said striking zone a wide zone adjacent said toe and a narrow zone adjacent said heel, and at its base a lower, leading edge; and an integral hosel segment including a bore for receiving a shaft; wherein said hosel extends from said narrow zone between said heel portion and said striking zone, and the axis of said hosel bore is spaced from the tip end of said heel by a distance of at least 8 mm. Preferably, the back surface of the club head has perimeter weighting which is redistributed along the upper edge of the club to the heel and toe portions.

The invention relates in general to iron or wood type gold clubs.
While the description of the invention below relates more specifically to irons, it is nevertheless equally applicable to woods. It suffices that the strike face of the club, whether planar or slightly convex, is inclined relative to the ground.
For the sake of convenience and to facilitate the following description, FIG. 1 shows a golf club as oriented in use. The club is positioned in virtual manner in a system of mutually spatially orthogonal planes P1, P2, P3 (FIG. 1), wherein the shaft axis I-I' is located in the P1 plane, the P3 plane denotes the ground, and the P2 plane is orthogonal to the ground, passes through the axis of the strike zone and is orthogonal to the P1 plane. The club shaft forms an angle .beta., also called the "lie angle" relative to an axis Ox contained in the P3 plane.
FIGS. 2 through 4 show a prior art golf club, in this instance an iron. FIG. 2. shows a front view of the entire golf club. FIG. 3 and 4 show front and side views, respectively, of the head of the golf club.
Such an iron, denoted by the overall reference 1, essentially comprises a grip 3 affixed to a shaft 2 connected to the head 4 by a hosel 6, which receives the shaft 2 in a bore 5 thereof. More specifically, the bore 5 is inside the hosel 6 which is connected to a head 4 at the end of the heel 7 of the head.
The actual head 4, whether metallic, molded or forged, or of machined wood, comprises a front strike face 8 slanted at an angle .gamma. (FIG. 4) relative to an Oy axis contained in the P1 plane (FIG. 1). The angle is called the opening or "loft" angle. The strike face 8 comprises a grooved striking zone 9 which is bounded at its base by a lower, leading edge 11 and at its top by an upper edge 12. The upper edge 12 slopes when projected onto the plane P1 by an angle .alpha. (FIG. 3) relative to the axis Ox defining the ground.
The grip 3 and shaft 2 define a longitudinal axis I-I' along which is located the bore 5 connecting the shaft 2 to the hosel 6. The sloping front strike face 8 comprises two side zones 7 and 10 on either side of the grooved striking zone 9. The wide free end zone 10 is adjacent the toe of the club head, and the opposite narrow zone connected to the shaft includes a connection segment 13 between the striking zone 9 and the hosel 6. This smooth connection segment 13 ends in the heel 7 and is linked to the hosel 6. Accordingly the hosel 6 comprises two main parts: a connection segment 13, at the heel 7, which as a rule will be tangential to and at the end of the heel, and a straight end comprising a bore 5 to connect the shaft 2 to the club head.
Heretofore, the hosel 6 as a rule has been aligned with the shaft 2 along the longitudinal axis I-I' and, as already mentioned, is located at the end of the heel 7, that is, at the most narrow end of the front strike face 8. More specifically, the hosel is connected to the head 4 at the heel 7 of the smooth connection segment 13.
It is known that at the time of impact between the head 4 and a golf ball, the shock generates a torsion and vibrations propagate along the shaft 2 as far as the grip 3. In the first place there is discomfort, and then player fatigue, which may go as far as trauma to the arm.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,986,541 describes more easily played irons for average or relatively inexperienced players. This patent proposes a relationship to vary the "face progression", that is, seen in profile, the distance between the longitudinal grip axis I-I' and the most advanced point of the lower edge 11 of the head 4. It is known that the more the axis I-I' is behind the lower edge 11, the more the ball tends to rise. This makes it difficult to use long irons, that is, irons with shallow sloping angles .gamma. for their strike faces, for instance angles .gamma. between ten and twenty degrees. To achieve this offset of the "face progression", the irons made according to the disclosure of U.S. Pat. No. 4,986,541 include a hosel which is offset in the plane P2.
However in all the embodiments of U.S. Pat. No. 4,986,541, the connection segment 13 of the hosel 6, is tangential to the most narrow end of the head 4. In other words, the connection segment 13 coincides with the heel 7. As a result, the connection segment 13 is comparatively far from the striking zone 9, hence from the ideal center of impact with a golf ball. During impact, therefore, there still is a substantial torque.
British Patent 2,109,249 describes a golf club of which the shaft joins the hosel of the club head by means of an elbow and a fitting. In this design the shaft can be pointed in a given direction so it may be possible to change the head positions relative to the shaft as needed. Unfortunately, when the shaft is angularly offset inside the fitting, all the relative parameters also will change, and this club, which moreover is costly and fragile, is inconvenient in practice.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,966,210 describes a club, in particular a putter, of which the shaft joins the head by a hosel substantially back from the strike face. This design is applicable to the putter clubs or to so-called "woods", but not to irons, especially those with a wide loft angle, because it is technically impossible to arrange the shaft at the back of the head.
Other prior art golf clubs also include so-called "perimeter weighting" means to make the clubs more easily used by inexperienced players. For example, FIG. 8 shows a golf club head as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,621,813, which employs redistributed perimeter weighting on the back surface of the club to improve resistance to twisting of the club head upon off-center impacts with a golf ball. However, the perimeter weighting is redistributed and concentrated only at the lower edge heel and toe portions of the club back surface, and no redistribution of the perimeter weighting is provided on the top edge of the club. Nor is there any disclosure or recognition in the art of the importance of redistributing the perimeter weighting at the top edge of the club.


A power amplifier (power amplifier) having multiple solid state sub-amplifiers connected in parallel between the power amplifier input and the power amplifier output are described. The signal input to the power amplifier is provided to an RF splitter connected between the power amplifier input connector and the input of each of the sub-amplifiers. The RF splitter splits the input power from the signal input and provides the power to the sub-amplifier inputs through input electrical paths. The input electrical paths from the power amplifier input to the sub-amplifiers are substantially physically identical. Each of the sub-amplifiers drive an input of an RF combiner connected between the outputs of the sub-amplifiers and the output of the power amplifier. The RF combiner combines the output power from each of the sub-amplifiers through output electrical paths, and provides the combined power to the power amplifier output. The output electrical paths from the sub-amplifiers to the power amplifier output are substantially physically identical.

1. Field of the Invention
The field of the invention relates to radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers, and more particularly to a high power, wideband microwave or millimeterwave solid state RF power amplifier that will replace functions where tube type amplifiers have generally been the only choice. The invention relates to a high power, wideband solid state amplifier in a small package that additionally solves the problems of improved efficiency and heat extraction from the amplifier housing.
2. Description of the Related Technology
Microwave and millimeterwave RF power amplifiers are used in various applications, such as in transmitters for communication systems. Transmitters typically process information to generate an RF signal at a low power and apply the low power signal to an RF power amplifier which outputs a high power RF signal. The high power RF signal can be applied to an antenna which broadcasts the signal with the information to one or more distant or local receivers, such as can be found in a radio.
Current solid state RF power amplifiers are limited in their ability to efficiently operate at microwave and millimeterwave frequencies, with a wide bandwidth and at high power. Thus, there is a need for improved solid state power amplifiers.


A hydrostatic drive includes a hydraulic pump configured to drive at least two hydraulic motors. The hydraulic motors each include an inlet side and an outlet side. The hydraulic motors are each connected on the inlet side to a respective outlet of a flow divider, which is arranged downstream of the hydraulic pump. The hydraulic motors are each connected on the outlet side to a respective inlet of a flow divider, which is arranged upstream of the hydraulic pump.

This disclosure is related to a hydrostatic drive according to the description below.
Hydrostatic drives are used, in particular, as traction drives and can have a plurality of hydraulic motors in order to be able to drive a plurality of axles or a plurality of wheels individually.
In order to prevent a wheel slipping when there is deficient traction or in order to bring about synchronization of the rotational speeds of the individual wheels, it is known to connect hydraulic motors of two wheels in series, i.e. to connect the pressure medium outlet of the first hydraulic motor to the pressure medium inlet of the second hydraulic motor via a coupling line. If the swept volumes of the hydraulic motors are the same, the same rotational speed occurs at both hydraulic motors since both hydraulic motors deliver the same pressure medium flow.
If, for example, a wheel which is connected to the first hydraulic motor slips owing to deficient traction, the excess torque at this hydraulic motor is transmitted via the coupling line to the second hydraulic motor. The first hydraulic motor is, as a result, "supported" on the second hydraulic motor insofar as the traction at the wheel of the second hydraulic motor is sufficient for this. The torque is transmitted from the slipping wheel to the wheel with traction. With this solution, comparatively little driving torque is lost from the traction drive owing to the slipping of a wheel.
The series connection can be referred to as a lock. In the case of the transverse lock, the hydraulic motors of two wheels of one axle are connected in series, and in the case of the longitudinal lock the hydraulic motors of two wheels of a drive chain or of various axles are connected in series.
Drive concepts of hydraulic motors which are connected in series have a relatively poor efficiency level compared with hydraulic motors which are connected in parallel. A cause is relatively small pressure differences which occur at the hydraulic motors which are connected in series. High pressure is applied to the pressure medium inlet of a first, upstream hydraulic motor, and the pressure medium outlet of the downstream hydraulic motor is assigned to the low pressure. In the coupling line between these two hydraulic motors a pressure of medium level occurs, referred to as the "back pressure". As a result, both hydraulic motors have a relatively small pressure difference between their pressure medium inlet and pressure medium outlet compared to the parallel connection, which leads to an overall lower total torque of the traction drive. The efficiency level of the drive is therefore reduced compared to the parallel connection.
Since severely degraded traction conditions occur only comparatively rarely, for example during offroad use or in the winter, it is advantageous generally to limit the drive energy to just one wheel or to just one axle, and to connect a further wheel or a further axle only in the case of deficient traction.
This is taken up by DE 10 2006 058 802 A1 in order to improve the total efficiency level, said document presenting a hydrostatic multi-motor drive with single hydraulic motors, and in which document hydraulic motors which are located downstream and are connected in series can be switched into the idling mode by means of a bypass line, a valve unit and a minimum pressure holding device. The minimum pressure holding device brings about here a comparatively low pressure at the pressure medium input of the downstream hydraulic motor in the idling mode, with the result that said hydraulic motor only has a low driving power which is of just such a magnitude that its self-locking is overcome. A disadvantage with this solution is that the efficiency level continues to be reduced in the four-wheel operating mode.
EP 0 547 947 B1 presents a hydrostatic traction drive having two axles on which in each case two wheels of hydraulic motors are driven. The wheels of the one axle are driven here in each case by a double hydraulic motor, and the wheels of the other axle by a single hydraulic motor. The double hydraulic motors are arranged hydraulically in parallel here, wherein one of the hydraulic motors of the double hydraulic motors is connected in series with a respective single hydraulic motor of the other axle. The double hydraulic motors each have two groups of hydrostatic working spaces which are mechanically coupled. Each of the groups has a pressure medium inlet and pressure medium outlet. As a result it is possible to divide the (swept) volume of the double hydraulic motors and actually connect one of these hydraulic motors hydraulically in series with a single hydraulic motor. When slip occurs at a wheel, traction of the traction drive is at least partially maintained owing to the hydraulically mutually supporting hydraulic motors. However, spinning of the wheels is possible if the pressure medium which drives the hydraulic motors flows out via pressure limiting valves when slip occurs.
EP 1 420 973 B1 discloses a hydrostatic traction drive in which four wheels are provided, wherein a respective wheel is driven with double hydraulic motors. A respective hydraulic motor of the double hydraulic motors is then connected in series with a respective other hydraulic motor of another double hydraulic motor.
A disadvantage with these solutions is that the arrangement and hydraulic connection of double hydraulic motors is extremely costly in terms of apparatus.
In contrast, the disclosure is based on the object of providing a hydrostatic drive which is of simple configuration in terms of apparatus, substantially prevents, as a traction drive, spinning of individual wheels or of a plurality of wheels, and at least partially maintains traction when individual wheels or a plurality of wheels spin. This object is achieved by a hydrostatic drive according to the features described below.


An apparatus for distributing light from a light source includes a support and an optic supported by the support. The optic includes a truncated axially symmetric body.

A light emitting diode (LED), or other point light source, pointed towards the center of a target area positioned at close range from the light source creates a higher irradiance level on the target in areas closer to the LED. If uniform light intensity across the target area is desired, optical control of the light emitting from the light source can be employed.
Known optics for LEDs collect the light from the LED and direct the light in a circular or elliptical pattern. These known optics are used to create narrow to medium beam angle distributions of light. Since the optics create only narrow to medium beam angle distributions of light, these known optics create a hotspot directly in front of the LED, thus making it difficult to create large area uniform beam patterns at close range.
It is desirable to provide an apparatus that can distribute a desired beam pattern.

Refractive optic for uniform illumination


A variable speed pulley assembly for use with V-shaped drive and driven belts include a center pulley supported for rotation and movable axially in opposite directions between an outer drive pulley half and an outer driven pulley half. The center pulley comprises an inner drive pulley half and an inner driven pulley half fixed for rotation with each other. The inner drive pulley half has a first surface presented at an angle to an inner surface of the outer drive pulley half to define between them a drive pulley groove. The drive belt is received in the drive pulley groove and is movable radially in the drive pulley groove between a radially innermost position and a radially outermost position. The inner driven pulley half has a second surface presented at an angle to an inner surface of the outer driven pulley half to define between them a driven pulley groove. The driven belt is received in the driven pulley groove and is movable radially in the driven pulley groove between a radially innermost position and a radially outermost position. At least one of the drive pulley groove and the driven pulley groove has an included angle between the facing surfaces which define the at least one groove which included angle varies between the radially innermost position of the belt in the at least one groove and the radially outermost position of the belt in the at least one groove. The radially inner portions of the outer pulley halves are configured to enable the belts to drop down lower in the pulley grooves without getting stuck.

The present invention relates to a variable speed pulley assembly. In particular, the present invention relates to a variable speed clutch or variable speed pulley assembly for use in a lawn tractor or garden tractor to vary the drive speed of the tractor while the engine speed remains constant.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention is a variable speed pulley assembly for use with a drive belt having a V-shaped cross-sectional configuration for transmitting driving force to the assembly, and a driven belt having a V-shaped cross-sectional configuration for transmitting driving force from the assembly. The pulley assembly includes an outer drive pulley half and an outer driven pulley half, supported for rotation with each other about an axis at locations spaced apart axially from each other. A center pulley is supported for rotation with the outer drive pulley half and the outer driven pulley half, about the axis, at a location axially intermediate the outer drive pulley half and the outer driven pulley half. The center pulley is movable axially in opposite directions between the outer drive pulley half and the outer driven pulley half. The center pulley comprises an inner drive pulley half and an inner driven pulley half fixed for rotation with each other. The inner drive pulley half has an outer surface presented at an angle to an inner surface of the outer drive pulley half to define between them a drive pulley groove. The drive belt is received in the drive pulley groove and is movable radially in the drive pulley groove between a radially innermost position and a radially outermost position. The inner driven pulley half has an outer surface presented at an angle to an inner surface of the outer driven pulley half to define between them a driven pulley groove. The driven belt is received in the driven pulley groove and is movable radially in the driven pulley groove between a radially innermost position and a radially outermost position.
At least one of the drive pulley groove and the driven pulley groove has an included angle between the facing surfaces which define the at least one groove. The included angle varies between the radially innermost position of the belt in the at least one groove and the radially outermost position of the belt in the at least one groove.


A method of forming a component includes additively manufacturing a first subcomponent, the first subcomponent including a first polymer material with a first porosity. The method further includes mating the first subcomponent with a second subcomponent and ultrasonically welding the first subcomponent to the second subcomponent at a weld frequency. The first porosity can be 5% or less.

The present invention relates to the fabrication of thermoplastic components, and more particularly, to a method of bonding thermoplastic subcomponents.
One method for bonding thermoplastic components formed by selective laser sintering (SLS) includes adhesive bonding. Adhesive bonding requires additional manufacturing time for surface prep, curing, and fixturing. Further, the strength of adhesive bond joints depends on adhesive strength and thickness of the bond line. Welding methods, such as ultrasonic welding, can provide stronger bond joints than adhesive methods, but ultrasonic welding is not typically performed on SLS-formed components due to the relatively high porosity of such components.

Method of welding additively manufactured thermoplastic


In one aspect, the invention relates to 4-substituted benzoylpiperazine-1-substituted carbonyls having a structure represented by a formula:

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is instrumental in embryonic development, stem cell maintenance, and tissue homeostasis (Clevers et al. (2014) Science 346: 1248012). The protein β-catenin is the central hub of this pathway. In the absence of Wnt signaling, most intracellular β-catenin is complexed with cadherin to stabilize cell-cell junctions. Free cytosolic β-catenin enters a destruction complex that consists of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), Axin, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, casein kinase 1α, and protein phosphatase 2A. This destruction complex phosphorylates β-catenin, which further leads to β-catenin ubiquitination and degradation. Wnt signaling is initiated extracellularly by Wnt proteins that bind to the membrane receptor proteins Frizzled and LRP 5/6 (Zeng et al. (2008) Development 135: 367-375). Upon binding, the β-catenin destruction complex is disrupted, and β-catenin is translocated to the cell nucleus, where β-catenin displaces the repressor protein groucho and binds T-cell factor (Tcf)/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (Lef), B-cell lymphoma 9 (BCL9)/BCL9-like (B9L), CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein)-binding protein (CBP)/p300, etc. to activate the transcription of Wnt target genes (Mosimann et al. (2009) Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 10: 276-286).
Inactivating mutations of the β-catenin destruction complex, the epigenetic mutations of Wnt antagonist genes, or the autocrine/paracrine activation of Wnt proteins, Frizzled, and LRPS/6 allows β-catenin to escape degradation, translocate to the cell nucleus, bind with BCL9/B9L, etc., and initiate the transcription of Wnt target genes (Clevers and Nusse (2012) Cell 149: 1192-1205; Anastas and Moon (2013) Nature Rev. Cancer 13: 11-26). The unintended hyperactivation of canonical Wnt signaling causes many cancers and fibroses including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, the initiation, metastasis, and recurrence of cancers are believed driven by a subpopulation of cancer cells, called cancer stem cells (Singh et al. (2004) Nature 432: 396-401; O'Brien et al. (2007) Nature 445: 106-110; Ricci-Vitiani et al. (2007) Nature 445: 111-115). These cancer stem cells exhibit two distinct characteristics: the ability to self-renew and the ability to regenerate the phenotypic heterogeneity of the parental tumor. Canonical Wnt signaling is highly activated in cancer stem cells (Malanchi et al. (2008) Nature 452: 650-653; Yeung et al. (2010) Cancer Cell 18: 606-618). Significant efforts have been made to discover inhibitors for the key effectors of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, but few drug-like hits were identified (Anastas and Moon (2013) Nature Rev. Cancer 13: 11-26; Hahne and Grossmann (2013) Bioorg. Med. Chem. 21: 4020-4026). One promising target is the β-catenin/BCL9 protein-protein interaction (PPI). BCL9 and its paralog B9L connect β-catenin with the chromatin remodeler pygo that is essential for Wnt signaling (Brembeck et al. (2011) Gastroenterology 141: 1359-1370; Deka et al. (2010) Cancer Res. 70: 6619-6628). BCL9 and B9L were observed highly overexpressed in Wnt-dependent cancer cells (but not in normal tissues) (Brembeck et al. (2011) Gastroenterology 141: 1359-1370; Adachi et al. (2004) Cancer Res. 64: 8496-8501; de la Roche et al. (2008) BMC Cancer 8: 199; Mani et al. (2009) Cancer Res. 69: 7577-7586). The knockdown of BCL9, B9L, and pygo (Adachi et al. (2004) Cancer Res. 64: 8496-8501; de la Roche et al. (2008) BMC Cancer 8: 199; Mani et al. (2009) Cancer Res. 69: 7577-7586; Brembeck et al. (2004) Cancer Res. 69: 7577-7586; Zhao et al. (2014) Cancer Res. 74: 1801-1813) or the use of dominant negative BCL9 or B9L (Adachi et al. (2004) Cancer Res. 64: 8496-8501; de la Roche et al. (2008) BMC Cancer 8: 199) inhibited the activity of canonical Wnt signaling in cell-based reporter assays, downregulated the transcription of Wnt target genes, inhibited cancer cell migration, and induced an epithelial-like phenotype in colon cancer and multiple myeloma cells. The knockdown of BCL9 also significantly enhanced the survival of xenograft mouse models of cancer by reducing cancer load, metastasis, and host angiogenesis (Mani et al. (2009) Cancer Res. 69: 7577-7586). The conditional ablation of BCL9 and B9L in mice reduced Wnt responsive genes that promote cancer stem cells and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (Brembeck et al. (2011) Gastroenterology 141: 1359-1370; Deka et al. (2010) Cancer Res. 70: 6619-6628; Moor et al. (2015) EBioMedicine 2: 1932-1943). BCL9/B9L ablation in murine oncogenic intestinal organoids provoked differentiation and abrogated their tumorigenicity (Moor et al. (2015) EBioMedicine 2: 1932-1943). On the other hand, the conditional gene ablation of BCL9 and B9L showed normal cell lineage commitment and proliferation (Brembeck et al. (2011) Gastroenterology 141: 1359-1370; Deka et al. (2010) Cancer Res. 70: 6619-6628), indicating the selective disruption of β-catenin/BCL9 interactions does not affect normal tissue homeostasis. Two other merits that make the β-catenin/BCL9 PPI appealing for inhibitor design are: (1) the binding site of β-catenin for BCL9 partially overlaps with that for cadherin but has no overlap with that for axin and APC; and (2) the interaction between β-catenin and BCL9 or B9L is relatively weak with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.465 μM (Sampietro et al. (2006) Mol. Cell 24: 293-300; Kawamoto et al. (2009) Biochemistry 48: 9534-9541; Zhang and Wisniewski (2015) Anal. Biochem. 469: 43-53).
Previous attempts to inhibit the β-catenin/BCL9 PPI have resulted in little to mild success; with one small-molecule inhibitor, carnosic acid, being identified from high-throughput screening (de la Roche et al. (2012) Nature Commun. 3: 680) and three different stapled α-helices being designed (Kawamoto et al. (2012) J. Med. Chem. 55: 1137-1146; Takada et al. (2012) Sci. Transl. Med. 4: 148ra117). The stapled α-helix, SAH-BCL9, was able to disrupt the β-catenin/BC19 PPI and suppressed tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis in mouse xenograft models (Takada et al. (2012) Sci. Transl. Med. 4: 148ra117). MicroRNA miR-30-50p was also reported to downregulate BCL9 and Wnt transcriptional activity and reduce tumor burden and metastatic potential of multiple myeloma in vivo (Zhao et al. (2014) Cancer Res. 74: 1801-1813).
Despite advances in research directed to identifying inhibitors of the Wnt signaling pathway generally, and specifically inhibitors of β-catenin/BCL9 interactions, there remains a scarcity of compounds that are both potent, efficacious, and selective inhibitors of β-catenin/BCL9 interactions and also effective in the treatment of cancers and other diseases associated with uncontrolled cellular proliferation, e.g., fibrotic diseases, associated with β-catenin/BCL9 dysfunction. These needs and other needs are satisfied by the present invention.

Methods and composition of 4-substituted benzoylpiperazine-1-substituted carbonyls as beta-catenin/B-cell lymphoma 9 inhibitors

Abstract: derivatives thereof, and related compounds; synthetic methods for making the compounds; pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds; and methods of treating disorders, e.g., various tumors and cancers, associated with β-catenin/BCL9 protein-protein interaction dysfunction using the compounds and compositions. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

UNIVERSISITY OF UTAH RESEARCH FOUNDATION


A mobile audio system includes a mobile audio instrument having no internal amplifier, a first connector fixedly mounted on the back face of the instrument, a mounting and demounting unit for supporting the mobile audio instrument in a detachable manner, a second connector fixedly mounted on the mounting and demounting unit and having contacts each of which is electrically connected with the corresponding one of the contacts in the first connector and an external amplifier fixedly mounted on the mobile audio instrument and for amplifying line outputs from the second connector. Since the mobile audio instrument has no internal amplifier, the mobile audio system can be reduced in size and weight and improved for portability. In addition, the number of contacts can be reduced and the number of different types of contacts is decreased.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mobile audio system capable of being detachably mounted in a vehicle and more particularly to such a system which is easily portable and capable of utilizing a connector having fewer contacts and the contacts all have the same signed carrying capacity.
2. Description of the Related Art
In order to prevent expensive high-performance mobile audio systems such as car radios, car stereo sets and others from being stolen, it has been proposed that they can be demountable and portable. Such proposals are disclosed, for example, in Japanese Laid-Open Utility Model Application Nos. 63-82654, 59-145088 and 59-40152. Furthermore, various structures for easily demounting mobile audio systems are disclosed, for example, in Japanese Laid-Open Utility Model Application Nos. 63-95280, 62-157189, 62-23749, 60-111084, 60-96889 and 60-94885. In addition, Japanese Laid-Open Utility Model Application 57-129202 discloses a mobile audio system which can be detachably mounted in and electrically connected to a vehicle through a connector.
Such anti-steal type mobile audio systems require a separation unit which increases manufacturing costs. Mobile audio systems are frequency sold as expensive high-performance audio sets. Such high-class audio sets frequency include high-power amplifiers. The high-power amplifier increases the weight of the mobile audio set which makes it less portable.
Where a connector is used to provide an electrical connection between a high-performance mobile audio system and a vehicle, the high-performance mobile audio system to have a large number of contacts in the connector. The mobile audio system including its power amplifier also requires special contacts to carry the amplifier signal.
In a mobile audio system with a radio, there is a further problem in that when the input of an antenna, handling weak signals, is connected with the radio adjacent to contact means for transmitting stronger or larger output signals, interference may be created, such as spurious oscillations, or the like. In the prior art, the antenna input section was placed remote from the mobile audio system. Thus, the input and output contacts could not be united into a single connector. This also provided a limitation of layout in the circuitry within the audio system.
Normally, reliable contacts in the connector are plated with a noble metal since they are repeatedly used when the mobile audio system are repeatedly mounted and demounted in the vehicle. On the other hand, remotely placed antenna contact means are fitting contacts which increase the area of contact. If the increased area of contact is placed with a noble metal, manufacturing cost are necessarily increased. Most frequently used antenna contact means which are not plated with a noble metal have a reliability problem during repeated use.