A connector has a retainer (6) with a housing lock (4) engageable with a housing (3) and a terminal lock (5) cantilevers forward from a bottom side of the housing lock (4) to lock female terminal fittings (1). Restricting portions (7) are formed on a surface of the terminal lock (5) to face the housing (3). The restricting portions (7) can contact bottom end surfaces (3A) of the opposite side walls of the housing (3) along the width direction, thus preventing the terminal lock (5) from entering cavities (2) to hinder the insertion of the female terminal fittings (1) when the female terminal fittings (1) are inserted into the cavities (2).

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a connector with a retainer for retaining one or more terminal fittings.
2. Description of the Related Art
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-170621 discloses a connector with a housing and a retainer that is obliquely insertable into the housing. The retainer has a housing lock that is engageable with a side surface of the housing and a terminal lock that cantilevers forward from the housing lock to lock terminal fittings in cavities of the housing. The retainer is movable obliquely from a partial locking position to a full locking position.
An external force may be exerted on the retainer at the partial locking position and may rotate the retainer about the housing lock. Thus, the retainer could move to an oblique posture at the partial locking position, and part of the terminal lock may enter a cavity sufficiently to hinder insertion of the terminal fittings. As a result, the original partial locking function is lost.
The invention was developed in view of the above problem and an object thereof is to improve the reliability of partly locking the retainer.

Connector with retainer having means for preventing inclination of the front part


A method of producing .beta.-form thiamine hydrochloride crystals which comprises moistening .alpha.-form thiamine hydrochloride crystals in the presence of .beta.-form thiamine hydrochloride crystals as seed crystals and stirring the mixture and a method of producing pharmaceutical preparations containing .beta.-form thiamine hydrochloride crystals which comprises moistening .alpha.-form thiamine hydrochloride crystals, together with a binder, with water in the presence of .beta.-form thiamine hydrochloride crystals as seed crystals and stirring the mixture.. .beta.-Form thiamine hydrochloride crystals which are stable and resistant to caking and pharmaceutical preparations containing the same can be produced in a simple and easy manner.

In many instances, thiamine hydrochloride is administered in solid dosage forms, typically of tablets, either singly or in combination with one or more other vitamins and/or some other drug or drugs.
These solid dosage forms are required to maintain their quality until administration. Therefore, thiamine hydrochloride should desirably be stabilized against heat and moisture. Commercially available grades of thiamine hydrochloride, which are mostly in the .alpha. form, are not always stable against heat or moisture absorption as desired. Therefore, in the prior art, measures have been taken to protect them from heat and moisture as much as possible for securing their quality.

Production of .beta.-form thiamine hydrochloride crystals


A semiconductor device inspection system includes a laser beam source, a tester, an optical sensor, a first spectrum analyzer for measuring first phase information serving as phase information of the detection signal, a reference signal generating unit for generating a reference signal of a predetermined frequency, a second spectrum analyzer for measuring second phase information serving as phase information of a reference signal, and an analysis unit for deriving phase information of the detection signal at the predetermined frequency, wherein the first spectrum analyzer measures the first phase information with respect to the reference frequency, the second spectrum analyzer measures the second phase information with respect to the reference frequency, and the frequency of the base signal of the first spectrum analyzer and the phase thereof are synchronized with the frequency of the base signal of the second spectrum analyzer and the phase thereof.

As a technology of inspecting an integrated circuit, optical probing technologies referred to as electro optical probing (EOP) and electro-optical frequency mapping (EOFM) are known. In such optical probing technologies, light emitted from a light source is irradiated to an integrated circuit, and the light reflected by the integrated circuit is detected by an optical sensor to acquire a detection signal. Then, in the acquired detection signal, a desired frequency is selected, and amplitude energy thereof is displayed as time progression or two-dimensional mapping is displayed. Accordingly, a position of the circuit operated at a desired frequency can be specified.

Semiconductor device inspection device and semiconductor device inspection method


Disclosed herein is a control system for driving a motorized closure element arrangement of a vehicle, wherein at least one linear distance sensor, is provided in order to detect operator control events in the form of operator movement cycles, wherein, as part of an operator control event monitoring process, a control arrangement monitors the at least one distance sensor in order to check whether a predetermined operator control event is present, wherein a longitudinal movement of a body part of an operator in the longitudinal direction can additionally be detected by means of the at least one distance sensor. It is proposed that the control arrangement detects a predetermined longitudinal movement cycle, which runs in the longitudinal direction, of a body part of an operator as an operator control event as part of the operator control event monitoring process and drives the closure element arrangement in response.

Modern motor vehicles increasingly have motorized closure element arrangements having at least one closure element. Said closure elements may be, for example, doors, in particular sliding doors, hatches, in particular tailgates, boot lids, engine hoods, cargo space floors or the like, of a motor vehicle. In this respect, the term "closure element" has a broad meaning in the present case. The closure element generally has an associated drive arrangement which can serve for the motorized adjustment of the closure element, the motorized opening of a motor vehicle lock of the closure element, or the like.
One convenience function which is becoming increasingly important today is the automatic operation of the motorized tailgate of a motor vehicle. The known control system (DE 10 2011 112 274 A1) on which the invention is based performs this convenience function and is equipped with a linear capacitive distance sensor which measures distances transverse to its local extent. The distance sensor passes over an elongate sensor region in a longitudinal direction and is accommodated in a rear skirt of the motor vehicle.
The known control system is further equipped with a control arrangement which, as part of an operator control event monitoring process, monitors the distance sensor in order to check whether a predetermined operator control event in the form of an operator control movement cycle is present. In one variant, the operator control movement cycle is a transverse movement cycle in the form of a foot movement in a transverse direction. In response to this operator control event being detected, the closure element arrangement is driven by means of the control arrangement if a longitudinal movement of the operator in the longitudinal direction has additionally been detected. In this way, it is possible to ensure that the operator has already moved out of the region in which there is a risk of collision. The longitudinal movement of the operator is likewise detected by means of the distance sensor. To this end, the distance sensor has a changing sensitivity along a sensor extent.
Although DE 10 2011 112 274 A1 discloses that a longitudinal movement can be detected as an operator control event in principle, this detection serves only to make the motorized operation of the tailgate in response to the detection of the abovementioned transverse movement cycle more reliable.
A similar disclosure is provided by DE 10 2010 002 559 A1 which discloses a distance sensor which is segmented along a sensor extent. As a result of the segmentation, a longitudinal movement of the operator in the longitudinal direction can be detected, and therefore incorrect recordings which are based on such a longitudinal movement can be precluded.
One disadvantage with the known control systems is the fact that the operator has to comply with a relatively strict prespecified operator control movement cycle in order to trigger the desired driving of the respective closure element. This is understood to be a restriction to operator control convenience.
Embodiments of the invention address the problem of designing and developing the known control system in such a way that the operator control convenience can be increased using simple means.

Control system for a motorized closure element arrangement of a motor vehicle

Brose Fahrzeugteile GmbH & Co. KG, Hallstadt


The present invention discloses an optical system for extracting signal light components from a beam including the signal light components and stray light components. The optical system includes a condensing optical element situated on an optical path of the beam for condensing the beam, a polarization changing unit for changing the state of polarization of at least one of the signal light components and the stray light components included in the incident beam transmitted through the condensing optical element, and an extracting element for extracting the signal light components included in the beam transmitted through the polarization changing unit.

In recent years and continuing, optical disks (e.g., CDs (Compact Disc) and DVDs (Digital Versatile Disc)) serving to record computer programs, audio information, video information (hereinafter referred to as "contents") are drawing greater attention owing to the advances in digital technology and the improvements in data compression technology. Accordingly, as the optical disks become less expensive, optical disk apparatuses for reading out the information recorded in the optical disks have grown to become widely used.
The amount of information to be recorded in the optical disks is growing year by year. Therefore, further increase in the recording capacity of a single optical disk is expected. As for measures that are being developed for increasing the recording capacity of the optical disk, there is, for example, increasing the number of recording layers. Accordingly, vigorous research is being made on optical disks having plural recording layers (hereinafter referred to as "multilayer disk") and optical disk apparatuses that access the multilayered disks.
In the multilayer disks, there is a possibility that the signals from a target recording layer be adversely affected by spherical aberration if the spaces between the recording layers are too large. Accordingly, there is a trend of reducing the space between the recording layers. However, reducing the space between the recording layers causes cross-talk between the recording layers (so-called "interlayer cross-talk"). As a result, the beam returning (reflected) from the multilayer disk contains not only desired beams reflected from a target recording layer (hereinafter referred to as "signal light") but also a significant amount of undesired beams reflected from recording layers besides the target recording layer (hereinafter referred to as "stray light"). This leads to the decrease in S/N ratio of reproduction signals.
For example, FIGS. 50A and 50B are schematic drawings for describing an operation of reading out information from a dual layer recording medium. FIG. 50A is a ray diagram showing a case of reading information recorded in a first recording layer L′ 0, and FIG. 50B is a ray diagram showing a case of reading information recorded in a second recording layer L′ 1 (See also FIG. 2).
In FIG. 50A, the objective lens 104 is positioned away from the substrate surface to form a fine beam spot on the first layer L′ 0. In FIG. 50B, the objective lens 104 is positioned closer to the substrate surface to form a fine beam spot on the second layer L′ 1. As shown in both FIGS. 50A and 50B, the signal light rays reflected from the first and second layers L′ 0, L′ 1 are changed to parallel rays when they are transmitted through the objective lens 104, and are condensed and detected at the same light reception surface 108 if the detection lens 106 is arranged at a fixed position.
FIG. 51 shows the results observing the degradation of jitter of the signal reproduced from the first layer MB0 in a case of reducing the thickness of an intermediate layer between the first and second layers MB0 and MB1 of a dual layer DVD disk.
In a case of reading out information from the first layer MB0, stray light is generated from the second layer MB1, as shown with the dotted lines in FIG. 51A. In a case of reading out information from the second layer MB1, stray light is generated from the first recording layer MB0, as shown with the dotted lines in FIG. 51B. A portion of the stray light overlaps with a beam reflected from the target recording layer and is detected at the optical detector 108.
This stray light is generally detected as the offset for various signals (described in further detail in "Analyses for Design of Drives and Disks for Dual-layer Phase Change Optical Disks", pp. 281-283, Shintani et. al).
Furthermore, in a case of reducing the thickness of the intermediate layer, interference between the signal light and the stray light before reaching the optical detecting unit 108. This interference creates noise components for focus error signals, track error signals, and disk reproduction signals (jitter). For example, in observing the jitter of the signals reproduced from the first recording layer MB0, FIG. 52 shows that the jitter is adversely affected when the intermediate layer is formed with a thickness less than 30 μm. This phenomenon is typically referred to as cross-talk. Accordingly, in a case of reducing the thickness of the intermediate layer of a dual layer recording medium, it is desired to eliminate or reduce the stray light in an optical pickup apparatus.
In one related art example, offset caused by stray light may be eliminated by providing a diffraction grating in an optical detecting system for dividing the signal light and the stray light into primary light and secondary light, detecting the stray light from plural layers with different optical detectors, and calculating the difference between the signal light and the stray light (see Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 2001-273640). However, with this related art example, not only is the stray light diffracted by the diffraction grating but the signal light is also subjected to the diffraction. This causes loss of signal light components included in the beam reflected from the optical disk. Furthermore, this related art cannot eliminate the changes in the quantity of light caused by the interference between the signal light and stray light prior to reaching the optical detecting surface, to thereby cause the strength of the signal light to vary.
In another related art example, the effects of the stray light may be reduced by providing a condenser lens and a pin hole in an optical detecting system (see Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 2003-323736). However, with this related art example, the strongest component of the stray light may pass through the pin hole and be detected by the optical detector. Therefore, detection of the stray light cannot be sufficiently prevented. Furthermore, since the objective lens typically is driven in the tracking direction, deviation of the optical axis is likely to occur. In such a case, the signal light may be blocked due to the position of the pin hole, to thereby lead to a change in the strength of the signal light.
As another related art example, Japanese Registered Patent No. 2624255 proposes an apparatus for reducing interlayer cross-talk when reading out from a multilayer disk.
This apparatus requires to further reduce the diameter of a pin hole of its detector for reducing the components of the stray light that is incident on the detector. However, reducing the diameter of the pin hole also causes loss of the components of the signal light that is incident on the detector.

Optical system, optical pickup apparatus, and optical disk apparatus


A folding type sunroof deflector structure may include a deflector gate formed penetrating the front frame in the widthwise direction of the vehicle a first deflector which is stored inside the front frame to be moved up and down through the deflector gate and projectable outside of the opening section; a second deflector, an upper part of which is rotatably connected to a hinge joint located at a bottom of the first deflector and which is projectable outside of the opening section according to a movement of the first deflector; and a pair of deflector arms having a rear end portion of which is rotatably coupled to a pair of side frames to be connected to sides of the opening section; and a front end portion of which is coupled to both sides of the first deflector to move the first deflector up and down.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a sunroof deflector structure mounted on the outer side of a ceiling weather strip of a vehicle. more specifically, to a folding type sunroof deflector structure including a first deflector configured to move upwards and downwards through a deflector gate formed on a front frame and a second deflector connected in a rotatable manner at a hinge joint located on the bottom end of the first deflector whereby the second deflector together with the first deflector may be stored in a folded state by device of the hinge joint when stored inside the front frame.
2. Description of Related Art
Generally, an opening portion may be formed on the roof panel of the vehicle for discharging indoor air into the outside of the vehicle and introducing outside air into the interior of the vehicle wherein the opening portion can be opened and closed by the sunroof glass installed on the roof of the vehicle.
In particular, recently, most of roof panels are replaced with glass for a clear sense of opening and a remarkable aesthetic sense wherein a panoramic sunroof type is mainly used in which a portion of the sunroofs is opened and closed selectively.
With such a panoramic sunroof, the driver may receive natural sunlight during driving and stopping of the vehicle as well as may feel cool driving comfort by opening the panoramic sunroof during the driving of the vehicle.
Generally, on the front of the opening portion of the above mentioned roof panel, a sunroof deflector serving the function of altering the direction of the driving wind upwards is installed for preventing driving wind from entering inside the vehicle through the opening portion in the open state during driving.
This sunroof deflector primarily is operated in such manners to tilt up the sunroof deflector by using a separate electric motor or to tilt up the sunroof deflector by using the elastic force of a spring compressing the sunroof deflector when the sunroof glass is opened.
Also, this sunroof deflector is classified as a sealing weather strip exterior type deflector positioned inside of the rainwater drainage section formed outside of the sealing weather strip attached to the sunroof frame of the vehicle and as a sealing weather strip interior type deflector positioned inside of the sealing weather strip.
The sealing weather strip exterior type deflector has an advantage of blocking drone noise by rapidly elevating when opening of the sunroof glass, and in the sense of the opening length of the sunroof glass over the sealing weather strip interior type deflector.
As shown in FIG. 1, according to a conventional sunroof deflector structure arranged outside of the sealing weather strip, a fabric type deflector 4 is stored in the inside of the rainwater drainage section 3 installed in the front of the sealing weather strip 2 attached to the sunroof frame 1 of the vehicle wherein a bottom of the deflector 4 is coupled to a fixing plate 5 and the deflector beam 6 is coupled to the top of the deflector 4.
However, as shown in FIG. 2, according to a conventional sunroof deflector structure, the deflector 4 is stored in the rainwater drainage section 3 arranged outside of the sealing weather strip 2, thus is frozen and adhered while the fabric type deflector 4 is folded due to introduction of moisture and cold weather. Accordingly, the deflector 4 is not tilted up properly.
Furthermore, when a hard type deflector is used instead of a fabric type deflector to solve the above problem, a low profiled deflector needs to be installed due to the limitation of the storage space of the sunroof frame, and correspondingly, the drone noise is increased, which is caused from cavity resonance generated between interior air of the vehicle and air vibration at the low frequency band region, passing along the opening section of the sunroof during low speed or middle speed driving of the vehicle.
The information disclosed in this Background of the Invention section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

Structure of folding type sunroof deflector


A merchandise sales processing apparatus communicates with a money changer machine for automatically dispensing cash, acquires a sales figure in a transaction, acquires a differential amount in the money changer occurred in the transaction from the money changer, decides if the acquired sales figure matches the acquired price of the fluctuating currency, and acquires a transaction date and time on the transaction if the sales figure does not match the differential amount, and stores the transaction date and time in the memory.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a merchandise sales data processing apparatus such as an electronic cash register or a POS (Point Of Sales) terminal, and more particularly to a merchandise sales data processing apparatus connected to a money changer.
2. Discussion of the Background
A system where a POS terminal is connected to a money changer is known in the related art. In this system at the close of a transaction, the POS terminal calculates a change (money remaining from the transaction) by subtracting the purchase price from an amount of deposited money. And the POS terminal sends data showing the amount of resulting change to the money changer. Then, the money changer automatically dispenses money equal to that amount of change. Thus, a cashier inserts the money paid by a customer into the money changer in the transaction, and hands the money dispensed from the money changer along with a receipt to the customer. The money paid by the customer is in this way re-circulated as change money. The money is therefore stored within a section of the money changer except when being exchanged between the customer and cashier and therefore cannot be removed unless the cover of the money changer is opened with a key. The above system in this way prevents crimes such as cash robberies.
However, the above system does allow illegal actions such as the cashier appropriating money received from the customer instead of inserting the money into the money changer. To prevent such illegal actions, an apparatus for checking which cashier performed an illegal transaction is disclosed in JP-A No.198866/1998.
In the money changer, the differential amount between credit amount and disbursement amount usually matches the sales price. However, problems may occur where these figures do not match for some reason. One cause might be illegal actions by the cashier as described above. Other causes might for example include entering the wrong figure as the deposit amount, or loosing the deposit money due to the cashier dropping it on the floor when attempting to insert the deposit money into the money changer, etc.
To solve the problem of the differential between the credit amount and disbursement amount in the money changer not matching the sales amount, it is important to analyze the cause of the problem. The technique disclosed in JP-A No.198866/1998 allows determining which cashier caused the problem. However, analyzing the causes of the problem even just this information was difficult.

Merchandise sales data processing apparatus


A biocidal composition and method for inhibiting and controlling the growth of the fungus, Trichoderma viride, are disclosed. The composition comprises an amount, effective for the intended purpose of diiodomethyl-p-tolylsulfone and an additional biocidal component. The method comprises administering between about 0.1 to about 200 parts of this combined treatment (based on one million parts of the desired aqueous system) to the particular water containing system for which treatment is desired.

The present invention relates to methods for controlling the growth of microbes in an aqueous system. More particularly, it relates to methods of microbial inhibition which entail adding to the system compositions comprising diiodomethyl-p-tolylsulfone (DIMPS) and at least one other component, the composition exhibiting synergy.
The formation of slimes by microorganisms is a problem that is encountered in many aqueous systems. For example, the problem is not only found in natural waters such as lagoons, lakes, ponds, etc., and confined waters as in pools, but also in such industrial systems as cooling water systems, air washer systems and pulp and paper mill systems. All possess conditions which are conducive to the growth and reproduction of slime-forming microorganisms. In both once-through and recirculating cooling systems, for example, which employ large quantities of water as a cooling medium, the formation of slime by microorganisms is an extensive and constant problem.
Airborne organisms are readily entrained in the water from cooling towers and find this warm medium an ideal environment for growth and multiplication. Aerobic and heliotropic organisms flourish on the tower proper while other organisms colonize and grow in such areas as the tower sump and the piping and passages of the cooling system. The slime formation not only aids in the deterioration of the tower structure in the case of wooden towers, but also promotes corrosion when it deposits on metal surfaces. Slime carried through the cooling system plugs and fouls lines, valves, strainers, etc., and deposits on heat exchange surfaces. In the latter case, the impedance of heat transfer can greatly reduce the efficiency of the cooling system.
In pulp and paper mill systems, slime formed by microorganisms is commonly encountered and causes fouling, plugging, or corrosion of the system. The slime also becomes entrained in the paper produced to cause breakouts on the paper machines, which results in work stoppages and the loss of production time. The slime is also responsible for unsightly blemishes in the final product, which result in rejects and wasted output.
The previously discussed problems have resulted in the extensive utilization of biocides in cooling water and pulp and paper mill systems. Materials which have enjoyed widespread use in such applications include chlorine, chlorinated phenols, organs-bromines, and various organo-sulfur compounds. All of these compounds are generally useful for this purpose but each is attended by a variety of impediments. For example, chlorination is limited both by its specific toxicity for slime-forming organisms at economic levels and by the tendency of chlorine to react, which results in the expenditure of the chlorine before its full biocidal function is achieved.
Other biocides are attended by odor problems and hazards with respect to storage, use or handling which limit their utility. To date, no one compound or type of compound has achieved a clearly established predominance with respect to the applications discussed. Likewise, lagoons, ponds, lakes, and even pools, either used for pleasure purposes or used for industrial purposes for the disposal and storage of industrial wastes, become, during the warm weather, besieged by slime due to microorganism growth and reproduction. In the case of industrial storage or disposal of industrial materials, the microorganisms cause additional problems which must be eliminated prior to the use of the materials or disposal of the waste.
Naturally, economy is a major consideration with respect to all of these biocides. Such economic considerations attach to both the cost of the biocide and the expense of its application. The cost performance index of any biocide is derived from the basic cost of the material, its effectiveness per unit of weight, the duration of its biocidal or biostatic effect in the system treated, and the ease and frequency of its addition to the system treated. To date, none of the commercially available biocides has exhibited a prolonged biocidal effect. Instead, their effectiveness is rapidly reduced as a result of exposure to physical conditions such as temperature, association with ingredients contained by the system toward which they exhibit an affinity or substantivity, or the like, with a resultant restriction or elimination of their biocidal effectiveness, or by dilution.
As a consequence, the use of such biocides involves their continuous or frequent addition to systems to be treated and their addition to multiple points or zones in the systems to be treated. Accordingly, the cost of the biocide and the labor cost of applying it are considerable. In other instances, the difficulty of access to the zone in which slime formation is experienced precludes the effective use of a biocide. For example, if in a particular system there is no access to an area at which slime formation occurs the biocide can only be applied at a point which is upstream in the flow system. However, the physical or chemical conditions, e.g., chemical reactivity, thermal degradation, which exist between the point at which the biocide may be added to the system and the point at which its biocidal effect is desired render the effective use of a biocide impossible.
Similarly, in a system experiencing relatively slow flow, such as a paper mill, if a biocide is added at the beginning of the system, its biocidal effect may be completely dissipated before it has reached all of the points at which this effect is desired or required. As a consequence, the biocide must be added at multiple points, and even then a diminishing biocidal effect will be experienced between one point of addition to the system and the next point downstream at which the biocides may be added. In addition to the increased cost of utilizing and maintaining multiple feed points, gross ineconomies with respect to the cost of the biocide are experienced. Specifically, at each point of addition, an excess of the biocide is added to the system in order to compensate for that portion of the biocide which will be expended in reacting with other constituents present in the system or experience physical changes which impair its biocidal activity.
It has been found possible to provide a fungicidal or biocidal composition which comprises, as active ingredients, diiodomethyl-p-tolylsulfone and at least one additional chemical component. The additional component may be:
1) 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (BNPD), PA0 2) sodium 2-pyridinethiol-l-oxide (PEO), or PA0 3) 2-(thiocyano-methyl thio) benzothiazole (TCMTB).
Surprisingly, it has been found that mixtures of diiodomethyl-p-tolylsulfone with any of the additional biocidal components listed are especially efficacious in controlling the growth of fungal microbes, specifically the Trichoderma iride species. This particular species is a common nuisance fungal type found in industrial cooling waters and pulping and papermaking systems.
This particular species of mold is a member of the Fungi Imperfecti which reproduce by means of asexual spores or fragmentation of mycelium. It is commonly found on fallen timber and is a widely occurring soil organism. Because of its ubiquitous nature, this mold continually contaminates open cooling systems and pulping and papermaking systems. Contamination can take the form of airborne spores or fungal mats--a mass of agglomerated hyphae bound together with bacterial cells and cemented by gelatinous polysaccharide or proteinaceous material. The slimy mass entraps other detritus, restricts water flow and heat transfer and may serve as a site for corrosion.
These fungi are able to grow in environments hostile to other lifeforms. While they are strict aerobes, Trichoderma produce both hyphae, the vegetative structure, and spores which require minimal metabolic turnover and are able to withstand harsher environmental conditions. Accordingly, by reason of demonstrated efficacy in the growth inhibition of this particular species, one can expect similar growth inhibition attributes when other fungi are encountered. It is also expected that these compositions will exhibit similar growth inhibition attributes when bacterial and algal species are encountered.

Microbial inhibiting compositions and their use


A large arbor anti-reverse fly fishing reel provides by its handle a convenient variable drug control up to a present drag force. The drag knob is preferably designed as a four-vane propeller knob being arranged within a handle depression extending inside the spool. By means of a bayonet coupling, which also serves as a variable drag control device, the handle can be securely attached to the reel thereby locking the spool. The spool can be provided with omega-like perforations for a maximum stability, lightness and ventilation, said ventilation being optionally enhanced by an air turbine formed by said perforation and a portion of the frame and/or a portion of the handle extending inside the spool.

Fly fishing requires quite complex functional features from a reel, especially an easy pay-out of line for preparing a casting, an instant but softly ongoing drag increase to stop a sudden fish run, a comfortable dynamic adjustment of the drag when fighting the fish depending on the strategy desired by the angler, when necessary by applying a maximum drag load, an easy switching between this passive braking mode and a mode of winding line in, and all this while having the permanent security that the load on the line will never exceed the line breaking strength. It is even better, if in addition the reel has an easy handling, i.e. it is light enough, but stable, has relatively simple construction for easy disassembling for maintenance and assembling, and the spool is easily exchangeable without using a tool.
Presently available fly reels are able to satisfy the above requirements only to a more or less limited extend. Many attempts to improve the function and handling comfort of fly reels are known to exist from prior art publications including: U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,269,808; 3,478,977; 3,490,714; 3,697,012; 4,352,474; 4,544,114; 4,715,555, 4,728,054; 5,626,303; 5,921,492; 6,095,311; 6,193,182 and 6,513,743 B1.
Direct-drive reels, where the crank knob is mounted directly on the spool are usually provided with a drag setting knob, which in its best version is conveniently accessible from the crank knob's front side of the reel, as shown for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,921,492. When using this kind of reels, a relatively light drag is preset by the drag knob. If additional drag is necessary for fighting the fish, the angler might try to re-adjust the drag knob which however, because of the fast rotating spool and crank knob is less appropriate than palming the reel spool. For bigger species this exercise requires the use of a glove on the line hand. When the fish surges away, the hand should be instantly removed in order to avoid a line break. A switching from this palming operation mode to a mode of winding line in requires that the palming hand becomes again winding hand, wherein if the fish surges again, the crank holding fingers have to instantly slip from the crank so as to avoid either an injury or a line brake, or both. The last one was mainly the reason for occasionally calling direct-drive reels "knuckle busters" and thus, for developing anti-reverse reels.
In an anti-reverse reel, the crank is attached to a separate handle which is coupled to the spool by the drag friction for winding in line, but remains stationary during a backward rotation of the spool against the preset drag force. Thus, the use of such reel requires, that after having striped line from the spool against a lightly set drag for preparing a cast, the drag knob has to be tightened to relatively high drag force sufficient to avoid that, when fighting a fish it stripes line from the spool while the angler winds in. In practice the re-tightening of the drag happens mostly on-purpose when fighting a fish, which is a tricky exercise considering the fact, that drag knobs or wheels are usually arranged behind the handle and close to the rotating front spool wall and thus, difficult to approach and operate. U.S. Pat. No. 4,352,474 describes an anti-reverse fly reel the drag force of which can be adjusted by means of an adjuster knob arranged behind the crank knob. Such an adjustment is useful for providing a pre-set drag. However, since it requires a hand move being different from that natural one for winding in line, it is difficult to use this drag system also for a dynamic drag adjustment under fish fighting conditions. The same drawback is typical for another known modification of such reel where the drag force can be dynamically altered by squeezing the crank knob. Another U.S. Pat. No. 6,513,743 B1 relates to an anti-reverse fly reel having a knurled drag adjustment knob on the back side thereof. Adjacent to the drag knob, there is provided a drag offset mechanism for altering the drag preset by the drag knob between a light drag and a heavy drag. Besides being complicated, this reel requires the angler to re-open and re-tighten—in this case the drag offset mechanism—every time he changes between the light drag position for paying out line from the spool and a heavy drag position for a ready-to-fight mode. Since both the drag knob and the offset mechanism are located on the backside of the reel, they are useful in the practice only as drag preset means, whereas a dynamically controllable drag change is difficult to perform.
Because of the above mentioned drawbacks, so called dual-mode reels have been known for more than sixty years, as for example from the U.S. Pat. No. 2,269,808. The reel described in this patent actually represents an anti-reverse reel, where a basic drag force can be preset by a propeller wheel arranged behind the handle. In parallel to the propeller wheel, there is provided an additional drag control device which when actuated by the handle in reel-in direction causes a tightening of the drag mechanism over the preset drag. This is accomplished by a screw connection between the handle and a drag pressing element, so that a winding rotation of the handle causes an infinite drag tightening until a direct-drive mode, i.e. a mode in which the handle is fixedly coupled to the spool for winding in line, is achieved. Therefore, the handle torque necessary for winding in a fighting fish causes a tremendous drag increase beyond the strength of the strongest line, and even more far away from the value actually necessary in order to frictionally couple the handle with the spool. Thus, if the fish bolts during winding in line while unavoidably causing a tension beyond the line's breaking strength, the angler's chances to avoid a line break are even less than with an ordinary direct-drive reel, where a quick slip of the fingers from the crank knob could be a remedy.
The dynamic drag control by the reel handle has been occasionally re-designed over the years, however without any principal change of its principle. In the U.S. Pat. No. 5,626,303 there is disclosed substantially the same dynamic drag control providing an unlimited drag increase. The U.S. Pat. No. 6,095,311 describes a reel having a dynamic drag control using instead of a screw coupling between the handle and a drag pressing element relatively short and steep cam surfaces which require much smaller rotation angle of the handle in order to quickly switch from the anti-reverse into the direct-drive mode. Although this alleviates to some extent the problem of escaping from the direct drive mode in case of a sudden fish run on the one side, it makes a sensible dynamic drag control over a reasonable rotation angle of the handle difficult on the other side. Thus, fighting a fish with this reel requires either the well known palming of the spool or a parallel drag force setting by its drag wheel which—because being hidden behind the handle—is difficult to approach and operate. Last but not least, the reel requires the use of particular steering plates provided with a plurality of tiny accommodating cam channels having changing cross-sections with a plurality of tiny balls revolving in these channels.

Large arbor fly fishing reel, spool, drag and ventilation system


One embodiment of the invention relates to a method for conditioning resistive memory cells of a memory array with a number of reliable resistance ranges, where each reliable resistance range corresponds to a different data state. In the method, group of at least one resistive memory cell is accessed, which group includes at least one unreliable cell. At least one pulse is applied to the at least one unreliable cell to shift at least one resistance respectively associated with the at least one unreliable cell to the highest of the reliable resistance ranges. Other methods and systems are also disclosed.

Several trends presently exist in the semiconductor and electronics industry. One of these trends is that recent generations of portable electronic devices are using more memory than previous generations. This increase in memory allows these new devices to store more data, such as music or images, and also provides the devices with more computational power and speed.
One type of memory device includes an array of resistive memory cells, where individual bits of data can be stored in the individual resistive memory cells of the array. Depending on how the cells of the array are biased, each cell can be put into a more resistive state or a less resistive state. In real world-implementations, the more resistive state can be associated with a logical "1" and the less resistive state can be associated with a logical "0", or vice versa. Therefore, by switching between the resistive states, a user can store any combination of "1"s and "0"s in the array, which could correspond to digitally encoded music, images, software, etc.
Typically, users expect their data to be stored accurately in these memory devices. As such, there is an on-going need to provide memory systems, devices, and methods that can provide accurate data storage in memory.

Conditioning operations for memory cells


It is a subject to provide a chair capable of realizing a condition in which movements of a seating person are preferably followed and a condition in which a back of the seating person can be preferably supported. For this purpose, a chair C comprising a lower frame portion that is supported to be rockable between a standing position and a rearward tilting position of a back frame with respect to the base and an upper frame portion that is supported to be rockable between a normal position and a rear end position, wherein the chair is further comprised with a movement range setting mechanism with which a movement range through the rocking movement of the upper frame portion with respect to the lower frame portion is made changeable in accordance with the position of the lower frame portion with respect to the base during the rocking movement.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a chair which a backrest can be inclined backwards.
2. Description of the Related Art
A chair which a backrest surface is arranged by bridging an upholstery member between frame elements that comprise a pair on the right and left sides is conventionally disclosed. For instance, there is disclosed a chair arranged in that an upper portion of the backrest surface is supported by an upper frame element while a lower portion of the backrest surface is supported by the lower frame element, wherein each of the upper frame element and the lower frame element is individually made to perform rotating operations around a horizontal axis, that is, rocking operations (see, for instance, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-119375 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-119373). With this arrangement, such chairs realize the backrest surface that suits trunks or backbone shapes of individual seating persons and that further might follow movements of upper bodies of seating persons.
Incidentally, when a person takes seat on a chair in a condition in which the upper body is erected, the person often turns back, reaches his or her hand or twists his or her body. The chairs according to the above-mentioned patent documents were arranged in that they followed movements of the upper body, and particularly the upper portion of a seating person by rocking the upper frame element with respect to such movements of the seating person.
However, when the seating person inclines his or her upper body backwards, the backrest is required to reliably support the upper body of the seating portion. More particularly, when the upper frame element of the backrest is movable in accordance with movements of the upper body of the seating person as discussed above, it will in turn be impossible to support the upper portion of the upper body in a stable manner. Such an arrangement will cause a drawback in that the seating person might feel unstable when he or she inclines his or her upper body to incline the lower frame element of the backrest backward.