A rotor includes a first rotor core, a second rotor core, a field magnet, and an adhesive. The first rotor core includes a first core base, having a first magnet fixing surface, and a plurality of first claw-poles. The second rotor core includes a second core base having a second magnet fixing surface, and a plurality of second claw-poles. The field magnet includes a first axial end face and a second axial end face. At least one of the first magnet fixing surface and the first axial end face includes a first adhesive recess that receives an adhesive. At least one of the second magnet fixing surface and the second axial end face includes a second adhesive recess that receives the adhesive.

The present invention relates to a rotor and a motor.
A so-called Lundell type rotor (see e.g., Japanese Laid-Open Utility Model Publication No. 5-43749) is known as a rotor used in a motor. The Lundell type rotor includes two rotor cores and a field magnet. The rotor cores are combined with each other and each include a plurality of claw-poles arranged along a circumferential direction. The field magnet is arranged between the two rotor cores so that the claw-poles alternately function as different poles. Such a rotor includes a rotation shaft inserted through and fixed to each of the two rotor cores to integrally rotate the rotation shaft and the rotor core.
In the Lundell type rotor, the two rotor cores and the field magnet arranged in between are adhered and fixed to one another with an adhesive. Thus, an adhesive layer (layer of adhesive) between the rotor cores and the field magnet produces a magnetic resistance. The magnetic resistance between the rotor cores and the field magnet increases as the thickness of the adhesive layer increases. This lowers the motor performance, that is, decreases the motor output. When reducing the thickness of the adhesive layer and decreasing the gap (distance) between the rotor core and the field magnet to avoid such a situation, it becomes difficult to obtain the desired adhesive force.
Further, in the Lundell type rotor, the magnetic flux extending from the field magnet to the claw-poles of the rotor cores functions as an effective magnetic flux that generates torque for the rotor. In contrast, the magnetic flux extending from the rotor cores to the rotation shaft is a short-circuit magnetic flux. The effective magnetic flux decreases the short-circuit magnetic flux and thereby lowers the motor output. In the Lundell type rotor, a magnetic path extending from the field magnet via the rotor cores to the rotation shaft has a tendency of being shorter than the magnetic path extending from the field magnet to the claw-poles. Thus, the short-circuit magnetic flux from the rotor cores to the rotation shaft has a tendency of increasing, and the problem of reduction in the motor output becomes especially prominent.


Systems and methods directed to detecting user selection of an application icon, retrieving a first and second category of applications in response to detecting the user selection of the application icon, and generating an application interface associated with a chat interface, that concurrently displays the first and second category of applications, as well as a selection mechanism that includes a game selector, commercial selector, and a collective selector.

As the popularity of mobile-based social networking systems continues to grow, users increasingly share and access programs, games, or media content items, such as photos or videos with each other. In many cases, the applications, games, and media content items are typically uniquely personalized, and thus, reflect a demand to encourage electronic visual communication on a global scale.
Social networking systems comprise millions of users. Each user in a social networking system can receive and transmit applications and media content items between members within her individual social networking profile or to individuals outside of the social networking profile.


Implementations directed to providing a computer-implemented system for performing an action with a robot comprising receiving command information indicating a command related to performance of an action with a robot, identifying state information for a plurality of active routines that are actively running for the robot, the state information indicating a state for each of the active routines, determining contextual information for the command based on the accessed state information for the plurality of active routines, selecting one of the active routines as a handling routine to service the command based on the contextual information, determining an output module of the robot to perform the action based on the state of the handling routine and the contextual information, and executing one or more instructions to perform the action with the output module.

As robots increasingly make their way into roles within human environments (e.g., homes, schools, and hospitals), so too does the everyday interaction between people and robots. Additionally, the sophistication of HRIs continues to increase as robot functionality expands and improves. Moreover, a person who is interacting and/or working with a robot should not be required to learn a new form(s) of interaction. Consequently, robot designers face challenges in modeling social intelligence that enables actuation by a robot based on HRI inputs in an intuitive, contextual fashion.


A phthalazinone ketone derivative as represented by formula (I), a preparation method thereof, a pharmaceutical composition containing the derivative, a use thereof as a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, and a cancer treatment method thereof are described.

Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are two common methods to treat cancer. Both treatments can induce single-stranded and/or double-stranded DNA breakage to produce cytotoxicity, then the targeted tumor cells will die due to chromosomal damage. An important result in response to DNA damage signal is that the signal of the cell cycle in regulation site is activated, the purpose of which is to protect cells from mitosis in the case of DNA damage thereby preventing cell damage. In most cases, the tumor cells exhibit the defects of regulation signal in the cell cycle and have high proliferation rate. So it can be predicted that the tumor cells have specific DNA repair mechanisms, which can respond quickly to repair chromosome damage relevant to proliferation regulation, thereby saving them from cytotoxic effects of some treatment and keep alive.
In the clinical application, the effective concentration of the chemotherapeutical drug or therapeutic radiation intensity can fight these DNA repair mechanism to ensure the killing effect on the target tumor cells. However, the tumor cells can develop tolerance for treatment by enhancing its DNA damage repair mechanisms, and survive from the lethal DNA damage. In order to overcome the tolerance, it is usually necessary to increase the dosage of the therapeutic drug or radiation intensity. This approach will produce adverse effects on the normal tissue nearby the lesions, and then make the treatment course complicated by severe adverse reactions, thereby increasing the risk of treatment. At the same time, the ever-increasing tolerance will reduce the therapeutic effect, so it can be concluded that the cytotoxicity of the DNA damage agents can be improved in the way of tumor cell-specificity by controlling the repair mechanism promoted by the signal of DNA damage.
PARPs (Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases), characterized by poly ADP-ribosylation activity, are constituted by the superfamily of 18 nucleus enzymes and cytoplasmic enzymes. Such poly ADP-ribosylation effect can adjust the activity of the targeted protein and the interaction between proteins, and regulate other many fundamental biological processes, including DNA repair and cell death. In addition, genomic stability is also associated with the poly ADP-ribosylation (see D'Amours et al. Biochem. J, 1999, 342, 249).
The activity of PARP-1 accounts for about 80% of the total cellular PARP activity. PARP-1, together with PARP-2, which is most similar to PARP-1, are the members having the DNA damage repair capacity in the PARP family. As a sensor and a signaling protein of DNA damage, PARP-1 can detect the DNA damage sites quickly and bond to them directly, and then induce the aggregation of various proteins required for DNA repair, thereby enabling the DNA damage to be repaired. When the cells lack PARP-1, PARP-2 can realize the repair of the DNA damage instead of PARP-1.
Studies have shown that, compared with normal cells, the expression of PARPs protein in solid tumors is generally enhanced. In addition, the tumors (such as breast cancer and ovarian cancer), whose DNA repair related gene is missing (such as BRCA-1 or BRCA-2), show extreme sensitivity to PARP-1 inhibitors. This suggests the potential uses of PARP inhibitors as a single agent in the treatment of a tumor, which can be called triple negative breast cancer (see Plummer, E. R. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 2006, 6, 364; Ratnam, et al; Clin. Cancer Res. 2007, 13, 1383). At the same time, because DNA damage repair mechanism is the main mechanism of tumor cells response to the tolerance produced by chemotherapeutic drugs and ionizing radiation treatment, PARP-1 is considered to be an effective target to explore the new methods of cancer therapy.
PARP inhibitors were initially developed and designed using nicotinamide of NAD+, which can be used as PARP catalytic substrate, as a template to develop its analogs. As competitive inhibitors of NAD+, these inhibitors compete with NAD+ for PARP catalytic sites, thereby preventing the synthesis of the poly (ADP-ribose) chain. PARP without poly (ADP-ribosylation) modification cannot be dissociated from the DNA damage sites, which will lead other proteins involved in the repair into the damage site, thereby preventing performance of the repair process. Therefore, in the effect of the cytotoxic drugs or radiation, PARP inhibitor will eventually kill tumor cells with DNA damage.
In addition, the NAD+, which is consumed as the PARP catalytic substrate, is the essential factor in the ATP synthesis process of the cells. Under the high level of PARP activity, intracellular NAD+ levels will significantly decrease, thereby affecting the intracellular ATP level. Due to lack of intracellular ATP content, the cells cannot achieve programmed ATP-dependent cell death process, and can only turn to necrosis, a special apoptosis process. During the necrosis, a lot of inflammatory cytokines will be released, thereby producing toxic effects on other organs and tissues (Horvath E M et al. Drug News Perspect, 2007, 20, 171-181). Therefore, PARP inhibitors can also be used for the treatment of a variety of diseases related to this mechanism, including neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease), diabetes, concurrent diseases in the ischemia or ischemia-reperfusion process, such as myocardial infarction and acute renal failure, circulatory system diseases, such as septic shock and inflammatory diseases, such as chronic rheumatism, etc (see Tentori L, et al. Pharmacol. Res., 2002, 45, 73-85; Horvath E M et al. Drug News Perspect., 2007, 20, 171; Faro R, et al. Ann. Thorac. Surg., 2002, 73, 575; Kumaran D, et al. Brain Res., 2008, 192, 178).
Currently, a series of patent application have been disclosed on phthalazinone ketone PARP inhibitor, including WO2002036576, WO2004080976 and WO2006021801.
Although there are a series of PARP inhibitors for tumor treatment that have been disclosed, there remains a need to develop new compounds with better efficacy and pharmacokinetics results. After continuous efforts, the present invention designs a series of compounds of formula (I), and finds that the compounds having such structure exhibit an excellent effect and function.

Phthalazinone ketone derivative, preparation method thereof, and pharmaceutical use thereof


The present invention relates to maresins, preferably maresin-1, for use in the treatment of CNS injuries preferably selected from spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is defined as any injury, wound, or damage to the spinal cord that results in a loss of function, such as mobility or feeling. Frequent causes of damage are trauma (e.g., by car accident, gunshot, falls, etc.) or disease (polio, spina bifida, Friedreich's Ataxia, etc.). The spinal cord does not have to be severed in order for a loss of functioning to occur. In most individuals with SCI, the spinal cord is intact, but the damage results in loss of function. Besides a loss of sensation or motor function, individuals with SCI may also experience symptoms, conditions, or impairments including dysfunction of the bowel and bladder, sexual and fertility dysfunction, inability to regulate blood pressure effectively, reduced control of body temperature, inability to sweat below the level of injury, and chronic pain. A patient with SCI can have any level of SCI, as typically defined by the level of the damage (e.g., at or below any of the eight cervical vertebrae or the twelve thoracic vertebrae). Very high injuries (C-1, C-2) can result in a loss of many involuntary functions including the ability to breathe, necessitating breathing aids such as mechanical ventilators or diaphragmatic pacemakers.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as any injury, wound, or damage caused by any type of trauma to the head, such as impact to the head or shaking. More specifically, TBI is an acquired injury to the brain caused by an external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, or both. The term applies to open and closed head injuries resulting in impairments in one or more areas, such as cognition; language; memory; attention; reasoning; abstract thinking; judgment; problem-solving; sensory, perceptual, and motor abilities; psychosocial behavior; physical functions; information processing; and speech. The term typically does not apply to brain injuries that are congenital or degenerative, or brain injuries induced by birth trauma, although the latter type of trauma may also be treated using the method of the invention. TBI can result in a variety of physiological and psychological symptoms, conditions or impairments, including physical impairments (e.g., speech, vision, hearing and other sensory impairment; headaches; lack of fine motor coordination; spasticity of muscles; paresis or paralysis of one or both sides and seizure disorders; balance impairments; and other gait impairments), cognitive impairments (e.g., short- and long-term memory deficits, impaired concentration, slowness of thinking and limited attention span, as well as impairments of perception, communication, reading and writing skills, planning, sequencing, and judgment), and psychosocial-behavioral-emotional impairments (e.g., fatigue, mood swings, denial, self-centeredness, anxiety, depression, lowered self-esteem, sexual dysfunction, restlessness, lack of motivation, inability to self-monitor, difficulty with emotional control, inability to cope, agitation, excessive laughing or crying, and difficulty relating to others).
In particular, spinal cord injury (SCI) causes an immune response (David et al., 2012a; Gomez-Nicola and Perry, 2015; Steinman, 2015) composed of activated resident glial cells (microglia and astrocytes) and blood-derived leukocytes (neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes) that enter the damaged spinal cord (Hawthorne and Popovich, 2011; Pruss et al., 2011; David et al., 2012a). These immune cells are required for effective clearance of damaged cell and myelin debris, and for the release of bioactive molecules that lead to tissue healing and repair (Popovich and Longbrake, 2008; David et al., 2012a). However, they also secrete several factors that mediate cytotoxicity to neurons, glia, axons and myelin (Popovich and Longbrake, 2008; David et al., 2012a). Hence, the inflammatory response exerts both, helpful and detrimental actions after SCI, and thus, its final outcome on this pathology will depend on the balance between mechanisms that regulate different aspects of the inflammatory response.
A self-limited inflammatory response is a prerequisite for a return to homeostasis (catabasis) and requires effective resolution of inflammation (Buckley et al., 2014; Serhan, 2014; Serhan et al., 2015). By contrast, insufficient or inadequate resolution leads to chronic inflammation that causes greater tissue damage, impaired tissue remodeling and inappropriate tissue healing, such as pronounced deposition of extracellular matrix (Buckley et al., 2014; Serhan, 2014; Serhan et al., 2015). This is also the case after SCI, where inflammation fails to resolve properly leading to disproportionate harmful bystander side effects (Hawthorne and Popovich, 2011; Pruss et al., 2011; David et al., 2012a). The damaging consequences of non-resolving inflammation are pronounced in the lesioned spinal cord due to the limited capacity of repair, such as axon regeneration and replacement of damaged neurons and myelin, leading to irreversible functional disabilities (Fawcett et al., 2012; Lu et al., 2014; Stenudd et al., 2015).
Resolution of inflammation is an active process regulated, in part, by a superfamily of lipid mediators derived from poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (Schwab et al., 2007; David et al., 2012c; Serhan, 2014). This super-family of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) include: lipoxins, resolvins (RvD and RvE), protectins and maresins (Buckley et al., 2014; Serhan, 2014; Serhan et al., 2015). SPM actively turn off the inflammatory response by acting on distinct G protein coupled receptors expressed on immune cells that activates dual anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution programs (Buckley et al., 2014; Serhan, 2014; Serhan et al., 2015). Among the anti-inflammatory actions of SPMs include the induction in the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines or inflammatory scavenging molecules such as IL-10, IL-1 decoy receptors and IL-1 receptor antagonists (Buckley et al., 2014; Serhan, 2014). On the other hand, SPM activate specific mechanisms that trigger the resolution of inflammation, which include: (i) down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines; (ii) abrogation of intracellular pathways that lead to inflammation; (iii) clearance of inflammatory cell detritus (such as apoptotic neutrophils) by macrophages and (iv) normalization of immune cells counts to basal levels also referred to as catabasis (Buckley et al., 2014; Serhan, 2014; Serhan et al., 2015). The importance of SPM in the resolution of inflammation is evident in many chronic pathological conditions where their production is insufficient, delayed or even absent; and exogenous administration of SPMs reduce inflammation and mediate tissue protection (Schwab et al., 2007; Buckley et al., 2014). However, it is currently not known whether sustained inflammation in SCI is due to inadequate production of SPMs.
The present inventors have surprisingly found that SPM biosynthesis is impaired after SCI and that systemic administration of MaR1 (Serhan et al., 2009), a DHA-derived SPM, is able to enhance resolution of inflammation, resulting in improved functional and histopathological outcomes. These results provide strong evidence about the beneficial effects of exogenous administration of MaR1 in a pre-clinical model of SCI, and suggest that administration of SPMs could be a novel therapeutic approach to treat acute SCI in humans, for which there is currently no effective treatment. Nevertheless, the present inventors firmly believe that results provided in the present document can also be applicable to general CNS injuries in view of the underlying mechanism of action of the compounds disclosed herein, being a particular example the TBI. See Peter E. Batchelor et al. Comparison of inflammation in the brain and spinal cord following mechanical injury. Journal of Neurotrauma. 25: 1217-1225 (October 2008). Accordingly, the present inventors provides a method of treating CNS injuries, preferably selected from spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury, by administering these molecules called "Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator" or "SPM", in particular maresins, preferably maresin-1.
The thesis (Francos-Quijorna, 2016) discloses the invention by one of the inventors.

Maresins for use in the treatment of CNS injuries

THE ROYAL INSTITUTION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING/MCGILL UNIVERSITY


A model analyzer may receive a representative data set as input and select one of a plurality of analytic models to perform the analysis. Before deciding which model to use the model may be trained, and the trained model evaluated for accuracy. However, some models are known to behave poorly when the training data is distributed in a particular way. Thus, the cost of training a model and evaluating the trained model can be avoided by first analyzing the distribution of the representative data. Identifying the representative data distribution allows ruling out use of models for which the distribution of the representative data is unsuitable. Only models that may be compatible with the distribution of the representative data may be trained and evaluated for accuracy. The most accurate trained model whose accuracy meets an accuracy threshold may be selected to analyze subsequently received data related to the representative data.

A data set may be analyzed for a variety of reasons including for detection of anomalies. Anomaly detection is useful for many practical applications such as network intrusion detection, fraud detection, and abnormal species detection in the life sciences domain. Examples herein refer to anomaly detection, however, embodiments are equally applicable to other types of data analysis. Different types of anomaly detection algorithms are suitable for different types of data sets. For any given data set, one algorithm may be better for anomaly detection than another algorithm. As an example, for a given data set, one algorithm may have a higher Recall score or a higher Precision score than another algorithm.
Conventional methods for algorithm selection involve execution of a particular algorithm on a portion of a data set to determine a set of results. The set of results are evaluated to determine a performance of the particular algorithm. If the performance of the particular algorithm meets a criterion and/or if the performance of the particular algorithm is better than performance of other algorithms, then the particular algorithm is used for analyzing the complete data set. However, executing each algorithm on a partial data set, prior to execution on the entire data set, may be time consuming and/or ineffective. Furthermore, an algorithm's performance on a partial data set may not match the algorithm's performance on the complete data set due to difference in characteristics of the partial data set and the complete data set.
The approaches described in this section are approaches that could be pursued, but not necessarily approaches that have been previously conceived or pursued. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated, it should not be assumed that any of the approaches described in this section qualify as prior art merely by virtue of their inclusion in this section.

Selecting an algorithm for analyzing a data set based on the distribution of the data set


A fuel system includes an external cool air source, and a fuel injector. The fuel injector includes a fuel circuit, an outer air circuit, an inner air circuit, and an outlet. The fuel circuit receives liquid fuel from a fuel inlet. The outer air circuit receives cool air from the cool air source and substantially surrounds the fuel circuit. The inner air circuit is in fluid communication with the outer air circuit and a portion of the fuel circuit substantially surrounds the inner air circuit. The outlet provides atomized fuel from the fuel circuit, outer air circuit and inner air circuit to a combustor.

The present invention is related to fuel injectors, and in particular to an air-cooled airblast fuel injector.
In the past, standard automotive or industrial fuel injectors have been utilized, for example, within exhaust systems to provide further heat to burn off carbon for diesel particulate filters. Exhaust environments are harsh environments and the extensive heat can cause the injectors to suffer from, for example, carbon fouling which can cause malfunctions and reduce the life of the injectors. Additionally, these injectors primarily atomize the fuel using just fuel pressure, which can also increase the likelihood of carbon fouling. It is desirable to produce an affordable fuel injector that can be utilized in harsh environments such as exhaust systems.


A roller bearing device (1) and to a method for operation thereof, including a roller bearing (2) having roller contacts (6, 7) in contact with a medium and lubricated by the liquid medium (10). In order to improve the lubrication and load capacity of such a medium-lubricated roller bearing (2) while simultaneously improving the biologically compatible behavior, a biologically neutral additive material (13) that thickens the medium is held available in a holding device (14) and metered to the roller contacts (6, 7) on demand.

Roller bearings that are in contact with a medium and are used, for example, in underwater applications, are exposed to continuous loads with the medium—here water—so that conventional roller contacts treated with synthetic or mineral lubricants are quickly washed away. Washing away such lubricants causes environmental problems, such as, environmental contamination due to eutrophication and the lack of biodegradability, especially for frequent or long-term use. To counteract the rapid loss of lubricant, dynamic seals of the intermediate space that is between the outer ring and inner ring and contains the roller contacts have been proposed in which a sealing unit is locked in rotation to the outer ring and inner ring on each side of the roller bearing and is sealed dynamically by means of a seal, for example, a lip seal. Here, moments of friction occur that adversely affect the efficiency of the roller bearing and thus of the application using the roller bearing.
Alternatively it is proposed to design roller bearings such that water acts as a lubricating medium. Here, very corrosion-resistant materials are required, especially in seawater environments. The load capacity of roller contacts lubricated only with water is comparatively low. Furthermore, so-called fouling must be taken into account, in which the roller contacts are obstructed with calcium-depositing microorganisms, wherein the roller contacts are permanently damaged.

Method for operating a roller bearing assembly, and roller bearing device therefor


Disclosed is an ultraviolet light-emitting device. The light-emitting device includes: an n-type contact layer including a GaN layer; a p-type contact layer including an AlGaN or AlInGaN layer; and an active region of multiple quantum well structure positioned between the n-type contact layer and the p-type contact layer. In addition, the active region of multiple quantum well structure includes a GaN or InGaN layer with a thickness less than 2 nm, radiating an ultraviolet ray with a peak wavelength of 340 nm to 360 nm.

In general, a gallium nitride based semiconductor has been widely used for ultraviolet, a blue/green light emitting diode, or a laser diode, as a light source of a full color display, a traffic light, a general lighting, and an optical communication device. Particularly, an indium gallium nitride (InGaN) compound semiconductor has increasingly been highlighted due to a narrow band gap thereof.
A light emitting device using the gallium nitride based compound semiconductor has been utilized in various applications such as a large scale full color flat panel display device, a backlight source, a traffic signal, an indoor lighting, a high density light source, a high resolution output system, optical communication, and the like.
GaN has a band gap energy of about 3.42 eV, which corresponds to optical energy having a wavelength of about 365 nm. Thus, the light emitting device that uses GaN or InGaN as a well layer, has generally been used to radiate ultraviolet or blue light having a wavelength which is not less than 365 nm. Meanwhile, in order to provide the light emitting diode that radiates ultraviolet having a wavelength which is not more than 365 nm, there is a need to increase a band gap of the well layer, and as a result, the well layer with aluminum (Al) added to GaN or InGaN is used (see Korean Patent Laid Open Publication No. 10-2012-0129449).
Further, a barrier layer or a contact layer includes a higher Al content than an AlGaN or AlInGaN well layer so as to have a wider band gap than the well layer However, as the Al content increases, the AlGaN or AlInGaN layer should be grown at a higher temperature and lower pressure. That is, a growth condition thereof becomes strict, and as a result, it is difficult to form an epi-layer having good crystal quality. Further, as the Al content increases, crystal defects such as cracks or threading dislocations caused by stress are prone to occur in the epi-layer, and as a result, it is difficult to form the epi-layer having good crystal quality.


Parts to be treated in a powder spray coating system are identified by moving the parts relative to an array of sensors. A plurality of sensor readings is created by sensing the presence or absence of a portion of one of the parts proximate to each of the sensors for a plurality of incremental distances that the parts have moved relative to the sensors. The sensor readings are compressed according to a computational procedure to generate compressed data for each of the parts, the compressed data representing the sensor readings for all of the sensors during each incremental distance, and the compressed data representing the sensor readings for all of the incremental distances of each of the sensors. The compressed data is compared with corresponding data for an identified part to determine if the part matches the identified part. The system provides for more detailed parts identification than light curtains, but avoids the expense and memory requirements of sophisticated vision systems.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the recognition of parts entering processing systems, and more particularly to the recognition of parts entering powder spray coating systems in order to control the spraying of the parts in a more efficient manner.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In electrostatic powder painting, products or parts to be coated are moved through an enclosure or booth where one or more spray guns spray the powder onto the products. The spray guns impart a charge to the powder particles, either triboelectrically or with a high voltage charging electrode. When the powder particles are sprayed from the guns, the particles are electrostatically attracted to the parts to be painted which are generally electrically grounded and which are typically suspended from an overhead conveyor or otherwise carried through the spray booth. Once these charged powder particles are deposited onto the parts, they adhere there by electrostatic attraction until the parts are subsequently conveyed into an oven where the particles are melted to flow together to form a continuous coating on the parts. Powder coating generally provides a tough and durable finish such as would be found on many appliances, garden furniture, lawn mowers, and many other products.
Recently, distributed control systems have been developed for powder coating systems which permit precise control of spray gun operations within the spray booth. An example of such a control system in shown in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/320,882, filed Oct. 5, 1994, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention. These control systems permit the development of a "recipe" for spraying each different individual part according to the configuration of the part and powder spraying needs applied to that part, so that the control system can position the spray guns, if necessary, and trigger the spray guns at the appropriate times. For example, if a part has a gap at a particular location, the control system can turn off the spray guns to reduce wasted powder. However, such control systems require an accurate and precise identification of the part or parts to be sprayed.
Several different approaches have been developed in a attempt to recognize precisely the parts in an automated spray coating system. One approach to parts recognition has been to provide an array of photo eyes or light curtains in vertical and horizontal directions at the entrance to the spray booth. These conventional photo eye or light curtain systems have a number of drawbacks, such as a very limited ability to provide appropriate part recognition information. While such systems may indicate the general size and shape of the parts entering the spray booth, in many cases the information is insufficient because it is necessary to recognize different part types which may have similar overall dimensions.
Another approach has been to provide sophisticated vision systems. Standard vision systems take a pixel-matrix view of an object and use standard filtering techniques to search for given features. If the features match, the part is recognized. These systems provide much better part recognition information, but they also have several serious disadvantages. First, the systems are very expensive due to the sophisticated optical recognition systems and required computing capabilities. Second, the systems require large computing capabilities, including large memory requirements, which are generally not present in most existing spray coating control systems.

Parts identification system for powder spray coating system


A grinder wheel for a liquid crystal display device and a method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device using the same are provided. Two grinding surfaces are formed in the grinder wheel used for grinding a substrate so that it is possible to improve grinding characteristics, to increase the life of the grinder wheel, and to reduce grinding time. The method includes cutting the substrates attached to each other into a plurality of unit liquid crystal display panels, loading the unit liquid crystal display panel on a grinding table, grinding a predetermined region of the liquid crystal display panel using a grinder wheel including two grinding surfaces of a first grinder surface for primary grinding and a second grinder surface for secondary grinding, and unloading the ground liquid crystal display panel.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a grinder wheel for a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly, to a grinder wheel for a liquid crystal display device for cutting liquid crystal display panels fabricated on a large mother substrate into separate unit liquid crystal display panels to grind unit liquid crystal display panels and a method of fabricating a liquid crystal display (LCD) device using the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, with increasing interest in information displays and request for using portable information media, thin and light flat panel displays (FPD) that replace cathode ray tubes (CRT) that are conventional displays have been studied and commercialized. In particular, among the FPDs, LCD device displays images using optical anisotropy of liquid crystal and have excellent resolution, color display, and picture quality to be actively applied to notebooks and desktop monitors.
Hereinafter, the LCD device will be described in detail.
A common LCD device is composed of a liquid crystal display panel including a driving circuit unit, a back light unit provided under the liquid crystal display panel to emit light to the liquid crystal display panel, a mold frame that supports the back light unit and the liquid crystal display panel, and a case.
The liquid crystal display panel is composed of a color filter substrate, an array substrate, and a liquid crystal layer formed between the color filter substrate and the array substrate.
The color filter substrate is composed of a color filter composed of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) sub-color filters, black matrix provided among the sub-color filters to intercept the light that passes through the liquid crystal layer, and transparent common electrodes that apply a voltage to the liquid crystal layer.
The array substrate is composed of a plurality of gate lines and data lines vertically and horizontally arranged on the substrate to define a plurality of pixel regions, thin film transistors (TFT) that are switching devices formed in the regions where the gate lines intersect the data lines, and pixel electrodes formed on the pixel regions.
The array substrate and the color filter substrate of the above-described structures are attached to each other by a sealant formed in the outline of an image display region to face each other so that the liquid crystal display panel is obtained. The two substrates are attached to each other by an attachment key formed in the array substrate or the color filter substrate.
In general, according to a liquid crystal display device, in order to improve yield, TFT array substrates are formed on a large mother substrate, color filter substrates are formed on another mother substrate, and then the two mother substrates are attached to each other to simultaneously form a plurality of liquid crystal display panels. At this time, a process of cutting the liquid crystal display panels into a plurality of unit liquid crystal display panels is required.
In general, the unit liquid crystal display panels are cut by forming scribing grooves on the surface of the mother substrate using a wheel whose hardness is larger than the hardness of glass so that crack is transmitted along the scribing grooves. Such a liquid crystal display panel will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the structure of the section of liquid crystal display panels obtained by attaching a first mother substrate on which TFT array substrates are formed and a second mother substrate on which color filter substrates are formed to each other.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, the unit liquid crystal display panels are formed so that one side of each of TFT array substrates 1 is longer than one side of each of color filter substrates 2. This is because gate pad units (not shown) and data pad units (not shown) are formed at the edges of the TFT array substrates 1 that do not overlap the color filter substrates 2.
Therefore, the color filter substrates 2 formed on the second mother substrate 30 are separated from each other by a first dummy region 31 corresponding to the area by which the TFT array substrates 1 formed on the first mother substrate 20 are longer than the color filter substrates 2.
Also, the unit liquid crystal display panels are properly arranged to maximally use the first and second mother substrates 20 and 30. In general, the unit liquid crystal display panels are separated from each other by a second dummy region 32, which vary with a model.
After the first mother substrate 20 on which the TFT array substrates 1 are formed and the second mother substrate 30 on which the color filter substrates 2 are formed are attached to each other, the liquid crystal display panels are cut into unit liquid crystal display panels. At this time, the first dummy regions 31 by which the color filter substrates 2 of the second mother substrate 30 are separated from each other and the second dummy regions 32 by which the unit liquid crystal display panels are separated from each other are simultaneously removed.
After cutting the liquid crystal display panels from the second mother substrate 30, the sharp edges of the unit liquid crystal display panels are ground so that it is possible to prevent the short wiring lines formed at the edges of the TFT array substrates 1 in order to intercept static electricity that can be generated when a conductive film is formed on the TFT array substrates 1 from being removed, to prevent pieces from being broken out of the edges of the unit liquid crystal display panels due to external shock, and to prevent a worker from being damaged by the sharp edges of the unit liquid crystal display panels during processes.
That is, as illustrated in FIG. 2, protrusion ends 40 that protrude outside are formed on the sides of the array substrates 1 and the color filter substrates 2 that are cut by shock. The protrusion ends 40 are commonly generated in all parts where the scribing grooves intersect each other.
The protrusion ends 40 are removed using a grinder wheel. FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically illustrating the structure of a common grinder wheel.
As illustrated in FIG. 3, in a grinder wheel 70, a grinder surface 74 is formed at the edge of the top surface of a disk-shaped grinder device 71.
A hole 77 is formed in the center of the grinder wheel 70 in order to load the grinder device 71 in the spin of a motor.
In general, the grinder wheel 70 including one grinder surface 74 is used for a process of grinding liquid crystal display panels. When the liquid crystal display panels are ground by one grinder surface 74, since the same grinder surface 74 must be continuously used, the life of the grinder wheel 70 is reduced. Also, since the area of the protrusion end (40 of FIG. 2) that contacts the grinder wheel 74 is small during high speed grinding, the part that is not ground exists.
Also, when the grinder wheel 70 is used for a long time, the specific part of the grinder surface 74 is abraded so that grinding quality deteriorates since the same part is continuously used.

Grinder wheel for liquid crystal display device and method of fabricating liquid crystal display device using the same


A method of generating power uses a nanoenergetic material. The nanoenergetic material comprising thermite is obtained and deposited on a substrate. An igniter is placed on the nanoenergetic material. When power is desired, the nanoenergetic material is ignited. A transducer receives thermal, sonic, magnetic, optic and/or mechanical energy from combustion of the nanoenergetic material and converts it into electrical energy. Preferably, the transducer is a thermoelectric, piezoelectric or magneto device. Preferably, multiple transducers are integrated in one power generators to maximize the power from nanoenergetic thermites.

Portable devices are very popular in our society. Common use of such devices demands the availability of portable source with which to power them. The variety of devices also demands that the power be accurately controlled. Even devices that are not portable benefit from the generation of power in a highly controlled manner. The power generators are operated while connected to an electrical storage unit such as a battery or a capacitor. Upon actuation, generated electrical pulses are delivered to a storage device. The storage device is then used as power source for another device.
Research for non-conventional sources of energy is gaining paramount importance owing to the disappearing natural resources and an increased concern for environmental safety. Over the last decade, there has been a renewed interest in "direct conversion" of heat into electricity with the discovery of new materials and structures with enhanced thermionic or thermoelectric properties. Thermionic conversion depends on the production of a current due to the flow of electrons emitted from a hot cathode. In thermoelectric conversion, a potential is developed across the material when the two ends of the material are kept at two different temperatures. Such conversions are attractive as they involve no moving parts and release no harmful byproducts to the environment. A semiconductor based "Thermal Diode", which consists of a thin thermionic emitter layer on the hot side of a thick near intrinsic semiconductor thermoelectric. Such a device has been reported to show a significant increase in the conversion efficiency as it combines the conversion due to thermionic emission as well as thermoelectric effects. Further enhancement in the conversion efficiency has been reported by blocking the reverse ohmic current by placing a hindering layer at the collector side of the thermal diode. One problem with this design is the eventual disposal of the device. While the conversion itself does not produce any byproducts, the materials used for the device, such as HgCdTe and InSb, are toxic in nature. Also, conventional microfabrication techniques cannot be applied to fabricate such a device.
Explosives are known to produce power, but their use is associated with uncontrolled generation of thermal and mechanical forces. Such forces are difficult to harness to power electrical devices. In the past few years, several studies were performed on investigating the power generation ability of piezoelectric materials. In order to produce electrical power from vibrations, thick-film piezoelectric technologies were used and maximum power output of about 2 mW was obtained under a resonant frequency. It is calculated that the power generated from a 1 cm2 piezoelectric plate can supply microwatt to milliwatt of power for in vivo bio Microelectro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) applications. The power generated from two types of circular diaphragm structures by varying the thickness ratio was also compared. Recently, three dimensional analyses of a parallel piezoelectric bimorph and triple layer piezoelectric actuators were also done. Normally, as the power generated from piezoelectric materials is too small to be used in practical applications, it is necessary to store the energy by using energy storage devices. Thus, a bridge rectifier and a capacitor to store the energy generated from a piezoelectric generator was used, whilst the efficiency of the generator was evaluated. A piece of lead zirconium titanate (PZT) unimorph and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) stave mounted in a pair of sneakers to generate power during walking, then the energy collected was used to power a RF tag system. The power from a piezoelectric material using a DC-DC converter with an adaptive control algorithm was maximized. With an open circuit voltage of about 95 V, the power stored in the battery can be four times higher than direct charging. Also, experimental investigation for the possibility of harvesting power from a PZT beam (where the energy produced was stored in a 40 mAh nickel metal hydride battery) was performed. Furthermore, investigation for the power harvesting of PZT fibers via strain energy was done and their applications in wireless sensor networks were discussed.
Pulse power generators have been built using explosives to generate shock-waves and depolarize PZT crystals. This device uses a detonator filled with C4 to accelerate an aluminum flyer plate into a PZT disc. The impact of the flyer plate causes the PZT crystal to depolarize, which generates a large voltage pulse. They find a linear relationship between the thickness of the PZT and the generated voltage.

Shock wave and power generation using on-chip nanoenergetic material

The Curators of the University of Missouri


Techniques are disclosed for retargeting facial expressions. Input is received that represents a facial expression of a first character. Facial layers are generated based on the received input. The facial layers include one or more parameters extracted from the received input. A facial expression for a second character and corresponding to the facial expression of the first character is generated, based on the facial layers and without defining any spatial correspondence between the first character and the second character.

Animation systems present animated characters in a three-dimensional virtual space. The virtual space includes a collection of mathematical models that define various objects, characters, scenery elements and the like, that can interact with each other. The animated characters move by programmatic changes in various parameters of the mathematical models. The virtual space is rendered, that is, converted from a mathematical model to a visual representation suitable for viewing by a user, and presented on a display to a viewer. Interactive animation can involve game players who control animated characters. Other animated characters may be programmatically controlled. Such characters can often mimic reality by showing awareness of other characters and objects in the virtual space. Further, certain classes of characters may have the ability to look at objects, aim at objects, attack objects, or otherwise interact with objects in the three dimensional virtual space.


A chair is presented that includes a pair of chair arms, two pairs of chair legs, and a sheet of fabric. Each chair arm has a concave shape and a concave groove extending along the entire length of a concave surface of the chair arm. Each pair of chair legs is affixed to a bottom surface of each chair arm opposite the groove. The sheet of fabric has a pair of flexible rods. Each rod is affixed to the fabric and is substantially parallel to one another. The sheet of fabric is affixed to the chair by threading each of the rods through a different one of the corresponding grooves.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a chair, and more particularly to a chair having grooves in each arm for receiving a sheet of fabric to be used as a seat of the chair.
2. Discussion of Related Art
Manufacturers of chairs are constantly seeking to develop new product designs and new ideas for reducing manufacturing costs and assembly time. Chairs are typically massed produced in many attractive and distinctive designs and color combinations. Typical of these designs are the casual outdoor furniture products made from welded tubular aluminum, steel, or other metal framing with a powder coast finish.
However, it can be uncomfortable to sit in metal outdoor patio furniture for an extended period of time, unless the seating surfaces are designed properly. Manufacturers of outdoor furniture have added cushions to make them more comfortable. However, cushions can be inconvenient because they must be stored indoors to protect them from the elements such as rain and prolonged sun exposure. In addition, once removed, the cushions require storage space.
Manufacturers have looked for ways to upholster patio chairs with a material that is comfortable, but which does require its removal and storage when not in use. For example, a woven vinyl coated polyester fabric provides a comfortable seating surface, while being water resistant.
The patio furniture industry has used a method for attaching a woven vinyl coated polyester fabric to a metal frame structure. This technique includes the step of folding over the edges of the fabric and stitching the edge down to form a loop along opposite edges of the fabric. These loops are then attached to a flat seat rail by inserting them in a groove along the surface of the hollow seat rail, such that the loop extends through the center of a hollow channel in the seat rail. A flexible plastic rod having a diameter larger than the width of the groove is threaded through the channel in the loop within the seat rail, thereby securing the fabric to the seat rail along its entire length. The flat seat rails are then bolted to the chair frame by suitable hardware passing through the seat rail and into the chair frame. This attachment method for securing the seat rail to the chair frame increases production costs by requiring threaded holes to be located in the chair frame as well as reinforced locations to withstand the stresses concentrated at the connection points between the seat rail and the chair frame. Further, while the fabric does provide some cushioning, since the seat rails are attached to the chair frame, some part of an occupant's legs will typically rest uncomfortably on a portion of chair's frame and/or the seat rails.
Consequently, there exists a need for a chair with an attached elastic fabric, which reduces manufacturing costs and improves comfort.

Chair having grooves in each arm for receiving a sheet of fabric as a seat


There is provided a Very Low Frequency (VLF) transmit antenna system, method, and apparatus for creating a magnetic field at low frequencies suitable for communications through the earth or other thick, solid barriers. At least two loop antennas are arranged such that a magnetic field of each one of the at least two loop antennas passes through each remaining one of the at least two loop antennas, thereby closely coupling the at least two loop antennas. A full bridge Pulse Width Modulated transmitter is directly connected to each loop antenna for driving the latter. When a loop of a given loop antenna is broken and its magnetic field collapses, the transmitters connected to the remaining loop antennas increase the current in the remaining loops to maintain a constant magnetic field.

It is known that most current wireless communication technologies are unable to traverse a thick solid barrier made from materials such as rock, concrete or soil. At frequencies greater than a few kHz, the skin depth of these weakly conductive materials is quite small and electromagnetic waves are attenuated to the point where communication is not possible over even short distances (less than one meter) through solid materials. In work environments such as tunnels and mines, workers are therefore not able to readily communicate, for example, with supervisors or other workers located at a different part of the tunnel or located above the surface of the earth.
Such communication systems are not only useful for regular day-to-day work; they are indispensable in times of emergency. For example, if a tunnel collapses with a worker inside, providing such communications could significantly reduce the time to find and rescue the trapped worker. This would provide a significant improvement in the chances of saving the life of the worker.
Therefore, some wireless solutions have also been proposed for through-the-earth communication based on magneto-inductive communications. These systems use a conductive wire loop to generate the transmitted magnetic field at a very low carrier frequency, typically below 10 kHz. The strength of the magnetic field created by a loop antenna is given by the antenna Dipole Moment, D, whereD=A*I*N,  [1]
A=the antenna area, in m2
I=the antenna current, in Amps
N=the number of turns in the loop
In coal mining applications, safety limits are imposed on the current flowing through a wire of given inductance in order to prevent an open circuit from creating a spark capable of igniting an air-methane mixture. This directly affects the current, size and number of turns used in a loop antenna, and hence the dipole moment. This in turn limits the range available from a magneto-inductive communications system that is safe to use in a coal mine.
It is known to use a loop antenna for both transmit and receive functions of a through-the-earth radio. Such an antenna may comprise a number of bundles of conductors, which may be connected in parallel to form a low resistance transmit antenna, or in series to increase the number of turns in the loop for receive purposes. The antenna may have a single feed point for transmission. While the parallel conductors reduce the resistance of the coil windings they do not significantly change its inductance. The Dipole Moment of the transmit antenna configuration can therefore only be increased by increasing either the antenna size (and hence inductance) or current as with any other conventional loop antenna.
It is further known to use an underground mine communication system to effect mine-wide communication and an intrinsically safe current limiter circuit for insuring that electrical equipment in the system will not cause incendiary conditions. This current limiter ensures that the current does not exceed the limits specified by MSHA for intrinsic safety, and the transmitter Dipole Moment is thus limited as described above.
In addition, antennas for through the earth communications comprising a plurality of conducting loops where each loop may be driven by a separate transmitter have been described. The transmitters provide identical drive signals to each loop, and the loops are arranged so that their magnetic fields combine. Such an arrangement may be adapted to intrinsically safe applications by adding a current limiting circuit between each transmitter and antenna loop.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional multi-loop antenna system. For clarity, the diagram illustrates a system with three loop antennas but other numbers (m) of antennas may be used. A VLF signal source 1 is connected to three transmit amplifiers 2a, 2b, 2c which provide an output signal that is conditioned by a matching circuit 3a, 3b, 3c and a transformer 4a, 4b, 4c to drive a current into the low impedance antenna loops 5a, 5b, 5c. A current and voltage limiter circuit, shown in dashed boxes, 6a, 6b, 6c is used between each amplifier and loop antenna to prevent the antenna current and voltage from exceeding the known safe levels for a given loop inductance. Thus if the current in one of the wires is interrupted by severing or disconnecting the wire, it will not be capable of igniting a flammable atmosphere.
If m loops are used however, the mutual coupling between the loops increases the impedance seen by the transmitter. The current in each loop can then only be maintained by increasing the transmitter voltage, which in turn imposes a lower safe current limit. To maintain the voltage and current within a safe range it is therefore necessary to limit the number of loops m to a small number, i.e. four loops, and the practical improvement in the Dipole Moment and distant magnetic B-field afforded by using multiple current limited transmit antennas is quite small.
Thus, it is clear that there remains a need to improve the performance of the transmitter for magneto inductive communications while meeting all the requirements for the intrinsic safety of the system. There is a further need for a transmitter suitable for through-the-earth radio communication using electro-magnetic induction that reduces the energy available to initiate an ignition in a flammable atmosphere when the current is interrupted.

VLF transmit antenna system, method and apparatus


A code optimizing procedure involves isolating code from a loop construct, executed a predetermined number of times, and optimizing the code for execution conditions which cause the loop to be executed that number of times. This code is compared against corresponding code which has not be optimized, and it is determined whether the inclusion of this code is favorable. If the benefits of including this code are judged to be significant, the code is modified by inclusion of this optimized code, which is conditionally executed when the loop is encountered.

High level programming languages are generally favoured over lower level languages for the ease with which they can be used to provide a well-defined structure to computer programs written using such languages. Although high level languages simplify programming tasks, as well as assisting program readability and maintenance, the compilation of programming instructions written in these languages can be cumbersome and less than optimal.
When using high level programming languages, the programmer must either be content with the code produced by the compiler of choice, or ensure that the compiler generates relative efficient code from the adopted programming style. The modern approach has been to design compilers to optimise the code produced irrespective of the programming style adopted by a programmer. This frees the programmer from considering implementation details of the code, allowing the programmer to focus more specifically on actual design issues.
Compiler design represents a significant field of endeavour, and many approaches to improving the computational efficiency of code produced by compilers have been proposed and adopted to date. However, this existing approach is not without limitations.
Accordingly, further improvements in generating code from high level programming languages would be of clear benefit.

International Business Machines Corporation


A chip-stacked semiconductor package including a first chip having a plurality of first real bump pads and a plurality of first dummy bump pads, a second chip on the first chip, the second chip including a plurality of real bumps and a plurality of bridge dummy bumps, the plurality of real bumps electrically connected to the plurality of first real bump pads, the plurality of bridge dummy bumps connected to the plurality of first dummy bump pads, and a sealing member sealing the first chip and the second chip may be provided.

The inventive concepts relate to semiconductor packages, and more particularly, to chip-stacked semiconductor packages in which multiple chips are stacked.
Semiconductor manufacturers aim to inexpensively manufacture miniaturized, multifunctional, and high-capacity semiconductor devices. A semiconductor package technology is one of the technologies that help achieving these various aims. In particular, a chip-stacked semiconductor package in which multiple chips are stacked is suggested to achieve the above-described aims.


A high priority system access technique is provided in which an MS (310) instead of relying on its open loop power level routine to determine its power level for transmission of a system access request uses a higher power level to transmit its access request, such as its RACH preamble. The power level used for transmission of the RACH preamble can be dependent on the particular user and/or in the application (e.g., dispatch, streaming video, etc.). By using a higher power level than the other MSs (520) operating in the system (500), MS (310) has a higher probability of gaining system access and a channel grant in an expeditious fashion. This priority access technique is very helpful for applications that require quick channel grants.

A Mobile Station (MS) operating in a communication system such as a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system attempts to establish a signaling link with a base station also known as cell or cell site by transmitting a random access message over an access channel. The access times vary and are random due to the use of random access protocols such as the ALOHA protocol or other such random access protocols. This randomness of access creates a non-deterministic access time.
In present day communication systems, such as CDMA and Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) that includes Universal Mobile Telephone Service (UMTS), MSs can support differentiating services. Services may vary based on the Quality of Service (QoS) they request from their system. For example, there are presently four QoS defined in the UMTS standard: streaming, conversational, interactive and background. As more and more types of applications are added, some of these applications may require other different types of access priority. For instance, MSs that are capable of a voice dispatch mode of operation cannot afford to wait a long time for a channel to be granted to them. While other applications like Internet browsing can absorb a longer setup time, since the MS user can wait for the system to setup before commencing to web browse.
In a CDMA or WCDMA system, when a MS attempts to transmit a random access message to the system, it calculates its transmission power level based on an open loop power control algorithm. Since the MS is not yet communicating with the system in a closed loop power control mode, it resorts to measuring its closeness to its cell site in order to calculate its initial power level setting. The open loop estimate is typically based on the signal strength of the pilot signal it receives from the cell site. On average, the MS will resort to a low transmission power level setting due to the fact that the MSs operating in the system are continually cell relocating while in idle mode in an effort to stay connected to the "best" cell site.
In a third-generation wireless communication system like a UMTS cellular system, a Random Access Channel (RACH) preamble is transmitted by an MS to the cell site in order to access the system. The RACH is an uplink-shared channel used for initial channel access to the system (e.g., for call origination, registration messages, and paging response) as well as for short data bursts (e.g., for sending Short Messaging Service packets). At the cell site, the received signal is correlated to the RACH preamble sequence in order to detect an MS access call.
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown a prior art RACH open loop power control procedure where an MS is attempting to gain channel access. The chart shows the uplink (from MS to cell site) activities for the MS while in the access mode. The MS in this illustrated example commences transmitting a first RACH preamble 102 at a first power level. If no acknowledgment is received from the system, a second random access preamble 104 is transmitted at a higher power level, for example 1 decibel (dB) higher than attempt 102. Again if no acknowledgment is received, the MS continues repeating the procedure of increasing the power level of its transmissions with each subsequent preamble transmission 106–114. The preamble transmission is increased until a certain predetermined power level. The MS will continue repeating the transmission of RACH preambles either until the system responds or a timer expires. If the timer expires, the MS waits a random period of time before retrying. When all retires have been used up, the MS quits attempting. In this example, after preamble 114 is transmitted, a system acknowledgment 116 occurs.
As shown in the example of FIG. 1, the system has taken a great amount of time to respond to the access request from the MS. This is of course is not acceptable for some types of QoS or applications like dispatch calls where the MS cannot wait too long to have access to the system. Given these problems, a need exists for a method and apparatus that can improve the access time for higher priority services/applications or particular users without any modification to the system's infrastructure, thus avoiding expensive system redesigns.

Method for providing improved access times for a communication device


An image recognition apparatus comprises a support for placing thereon an inspection object, an impage pickup unit spaced from the support for detecting an image of the inspection object, and an image alternating unit arranged in an optical path extending between the support and the image pickup unit. The image alternating unit includes a quadratic prism which has a longitudinal axis substantially in parallel to the support, and the quadratic prism has two incident surfaces directed toward the support and two exit surfaces directed away from the support.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to optical image recognition. More particularly, the present invention relates to an image recognition apparatus which is used for optically checking an inspection object such as electronic device, printed circuit board, and so on.
2. Description of the Prior Art
For quality control, it is necessary not only to check the performance of an electronic component but also to check the component with regard to its appearance, dimension, mounting state on a printed circuit board, and so on. For instance, a small outline package IC device requires checking with regard to the length, pitch and shape of the leads projecting from both sides of the resinous package.
Conventionally, the external checking of an electronic component is typically performed by using an optical image recognition apparatus. Now, for conveniently explaining the problems to be solved by the present invention, reference is made to FIGS. 6 and 7 of the accompanying drawings. FIG. 6 shows a prior art image recognition apparatus, whereas FIG. 7 shows a small outline package IC device to be optically inspected by the image recognition apparatus.
In FIG. 7, the IC device is shown to have a resinous package M and paired arrays of leads A1-A5, B1-B5 projecting from both sides of the package. Obviously, it is necessary to perform external checking for both arrays of leads.
As shown in FIG. 6, the prior art image recognition apparatus comprises a transparent glass support 100 for supporting thereon the IC device (inspection object), a positioner 101 for horizontally moving the support 100, an illuminator 102 for illuminating the IC device from below, and an image pickup unit (camera) 103 having a microscope. The image recognition apparatus further comprises a central processing unit (CPU) 104 connected to the image pickup unit 103, and a monitor display 105 connected to the CPU. The CPU controls the positioner 101 and the illuminator 102.
As shown in FIG. 7, the image pickup unit 103 provides a visual field 106, whereas the monitor display 105 provides a smaller display field 107. Thus, in order to simultaneously check and monitor the respective arrays of leads A1-A5, B1-B5, the entire image of the IC device must be contained within the display field 107.
As is well known, the resolution of the image pickup unit 103 increases as the magnification of the employed lens system increases, so that higher inspection accuracy will result. On the other hand, higher magnification of the lens system will result in reduction of the visible area within the limited visual field 106 of the image pickup unit 103.
Thus, in the case of checking the respective lead arrays located on both sides of the IC device, one lead array may come out of the visual field 106 (the display field 107 as well) if the image pickup unit 103 employs a high magnification lens system for increasing the image resolution (inspection accuracy), as shown in FIG. 7. In this case, it becomes necessary to perform lead checking twice at two different positions, which requires positional readjustments of the support 100. Further, the CPU 104 must have an additional control function of determining whether the new image taken after positional readjustment is really that of the same IC device.
It is, of course, possible to reduce the magnification of the employed lens system for simultaneously checking the respective lead arrays of the IC device. However, such a solution is inevitably accompanies by deterioration of inspection accuracy.

Optical apparatus for use in image recognition


The present invention is a recording method for recording by ejecting liquid onto a medium. The medium is carried in a carrying direction, the medium carried is supported by a protruding section of a support member having a recessed section and the protruding section, and liquid is ejected from nozzles in opposition to the recessed section and the protruding section. Also, with the recording method of the present invention, when recording to a front end in the carrying direction of the medium, the medium is carried to position the front end between the recessed section and nozzles in opposition to the recessed section, and liquid is ejected from nozzles in opposition to the recessed section and nozzles in opposition to the protruding section. This recording method allows recording to be performed quickly and without making peripheral areas dirty when recording to the front end of a medium without creating margins.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to recording methods and recording apparatuses for recording to a medium such as paper. The present invention also relates to computer-readable storage media and printing systems storing a program for controlling such recording apparatuses.
2. Description of the Related Art
Inkjet printers for intermittently ejecting a liquid such as ink are known as an example of recording apparatuses for recording information onto a medium (including a medium to be recorded and a medium to be printed) such as paper, cloth, and film.
FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of such an inkjet printer. This diagram shows how a paper S carried by a paper carrying unit 110 is supported by a supporting unit 114 and ink is ejected from nozzles provided in a head 121 so as to print the paper.
Such an inkjet printer can be used to perform printing without creating margins at the front end of the paper. However, due to the carry error of the paper, there are instances in which ink ejected from the nozzles does not land on the paper. As shown in the diagram, when this occurs the supporting member 114 supporting the paper becomes dirty, and as a result the rear surface of the paper becomes dirty. Thus, when printing at the front end of a paper it is desirable for printing to be carried out without making the periphery of the paper dirty.
On the other hand, it is preferable that the paper is printed quickly, even if the front end of the paper is printed.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Recording method, recording apparatus and computer-readable storage medium


The present invention provides a storage-stable composition containing a parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and methods of using a PTHrP and the PTHrP compositions described herein to treat osteoporosis, to increase bone mass or to increase bone quality. The composition is storage stable, in sterile form, and in general may be stored at room temperature for at least several weeks to allow convenient parenteral administration to human patients.

Parathyroid hormone-related protein ("PTHrP") is a 139 to 173 amino acid-protein. PTHrP and certain analogs are known to be useful to improve bone mass and quality in the treatment of osteoporosis and related disorders. However, the commercial use of these proteins as pharmaceutical agents requires the development of a formulation that is acceptable in terms of storage stability and ease of preparation.
Furthermore, currently available osteoporosis drugs have limitations on suitable dosage ranges due to the unwanted side-effects, such as hypercalcemia and increased stimulation of bone resorption. These unwanted side-effects and resulting dose limitations reduce the beneficial effects which can be achieved from these drugs. Thus a need exists for compounds which can be administered at a dose which will increase the beneficial effects without an increase in the unwanted side-effects.

Method of treating osteoporosis comprising administration of PTHrP analog


A system and method of comparing a first XML document and a second XML document includes hashing the first and the second XML documents. The first hashed XML document is compared to the second hashed XML document and a difference report is output.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to computer testing, and more particularly to comparing XML based test reports.
2. Description of the Related Art
Software applications typically undergo constant review and improvement, which verifies the functions of the software and updates the software to incorporate new features and functions. However, each new feature and error fix may cause addition errors. As such, test engineers generally apply a series of test cases, known as a test suite, to the application to test each new update and error fix. A typical test suite can include thousands of individual test cases.
For example, in a Java™ application, a test case generally includes an assertion, such as pushing a button, followed by an occurrence of a particular event. In addition, the test case validates the occurrence of the event, verifying whether the event occurs correctly. For example, a test case can verify the function of a "tone" button on an Internet web page application. When the tone button is pressed, a tone should be produced. The test case simulates a computer mouse dragging a cursor to the button, pressing the button, and then releasing the button. The test case then validates whether the tone was correctly produced. Finally, a test result is output to a test report, which includes at least one test result for each one of the test cases.
Often, test reports are output in a text format so a software test engineer can review the test results in a written form. However, unformatted text-based test reports can be difficult for a human engineer to read. To make test reports easier to read, test suites often output the test reports in a Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) format, rather than an unformatted text format. HTML format allows a user to view the data using a browser application, which renders the data easy for a human to read.
Conventional test applications typically use an HTML reporter to convert test results into HTML format. HTML surrounds data with tags that define how a browser should present the data to a user. Hence, an HTML test report file represents a view of the test result data, rather than the data itself. As such, an HTML test report file cannot easily be displayed in different views without severely altering the tags and other content of the HTML file. Thus, if a specific view of the test result data is needed, the new data view cannot be easily created without severely altering the HTML test report file.
Different users often require different views of the test report data. For example, a department manager may require a listing of test regressions, while an application designer may require a listing of all test failures. Using an HTML based test report file, these two data views generally cannot be easily created using the same HTML test report file. Creating these views typically requires the HTML test report file to be examined and manually altered to create new HTML files, which include only the information requested.
A test regression is when a test case fails in a first revision of the software (i.e., revision 1.0), the failure is corrected in a subsequent revision (i.e., revision 1.01) and then the same failure reoccurs in yet another subsequent revision (i.e., revision 2.0). A test regression can identify improvements or error fixes that caused problems that were previously fixed. Properly identifying a test regression can assist the software engineer to quickly identify the cause of the test regression. Unfortunately, a test engineer must access the historical knowledge base of all previous test results to accurately identify test regressions.
As test suites grow ever larger, the task of interpreting the information in the test report becomes more and more labor intensive. A typical test suite might include two thousand or more individual test cases. The test report can therefore include two thousand or more entries. Applying the test suite to a revision 1.01 of a software application outputs a revision 1.01 test report. The test engineer can then compare each of the approximately two thousand entries in the revision 1.01 test report to the corresponding entry in a previous revision (e.g., revision 1.0) test report. Manually comparing two or more test reports can be very labor intensive, often requiring many hours to review just one new test report. However, in the fast-paced, limited budget environment of a typical software development project, the number of hours available to evaluate a test report is limited.
Typically the test engineer desires to identify the differences between the revision 1.0 test report and the revision 1.01 test report. By identifying the differences, the test engineer can then track progress toward resolving software failures. The differences typically include any tests that have failed in revision 1.0 test but did not fail in revision 1.01. In addition, the differences may also include any tests that failed in revision 1.01 but did not fail in revision 1.0 test.
Comparing two test reports can be further complicated when the test suite is modified to include additional test cases. In such an instance, the test report comparison must first identify the common test cases and then only compare the results of the common test cases. Then the test cases that are not common must be individually examined to determine if the test cases failed or passed.
One approach to making comparison and analysis of test reports easier is to store the test reports in a database environment. However, storing the test reports in a database requires a database manager and a database administrator to function properly. A database manager and administrator can also complicate and delay the test result analysis as the database can only be viewed and accessed through the database manager.
In view of the foregoing, there is a need for techniques that compare data from test reports that is more user-friendly and requires fewer man-hours and less actual elapsed time.

System and method for comparing hashed XML files


An electromagnetic wave shielding wallpaper is described. The wallpaper includes a conductive layer having a base material and a conductive material, and an adhesive layer. The wallpaper may include a protective layer disposed on a first side of the conductive layer, a fire retardant layer disposed on a second side of the conductive layer, and the adhesive layer disposed on the fire retardant layer.

Electromagnetic waves are often emitted from electric wires and electronic products as a byproduct of their daily function. In modern society, where wireless communication devices, power systems, home appliances, high-frequency equipment and many other emitting devices are ubiquitous, electromagnetic waves can be found in all parts of the world.
The adverse effect of electromagnetic waves on computers and the human body have become more than mere theory in recent years. To address this issue, shielded rooms were first introduced in the 1950s in response to the military's need to protect sensitive installations. The first solutions were almost exclusively made up of welded sheet steel vaults and modular clamped panel "room inside a room" installations. This design was inherently very expensive due to the high material cost and high installation cost related to the structural reinforcement required to support the heavy load. NSA introduced foil type shielding systems in the 1970s that provided a cheaper alternative to the sheet steel and modular shielding options. However, the foils were structurally weak, and shielding failure would suddenly occur due to the proclivity of foils to rip and tear as a result of normal building settling and/or tremor activity. In the 1990s, conductive paints and several conductive fabric based solutions entered the market to further reduce the cost of shielding. These materials each had their own drawbacks, where conductive paint's effectiveness was too highly dependent on difficult-to-verify thickness of the paint while also being susceptible to cracking due to normal building settling and/or tremor activity, and conductive fabrics are deficient in many respects in providing easily applicable and low-cost shielding. Specifically, many conductive fabrics require "stud wall" installation, making installation and removal of the wallpaper exceedingly difficult. As a result, there is a growing need for an effective structure shielding product.


Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: A is 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl or imidazol-1-yl; n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; X is halogen, phenyl, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, or haloalkoxy, or (X).sub.n is alkylenedioxy; R.sup.1 is alkyl or phenyl; and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each alkyl; and salts thereof have valuable anti-fungal activity. Certain intermediates in the preparation of these compounds are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to a series of new silicon-containing compounds which may be considered as 3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl or imidazol-1-yl)-2-hydroxy-2-(optionally substituted phenyl)-1-(tri-substituted silyl)propane derivatives, and which have valuable anti-fungal activities, which may be applied in the agricultural, horticultural and medical fields. The invention also provides methods and compositions using these compounds as well as processes for their preparation.
A number of tri-substituted silyl derivatives in which a triazolyl group is separated from a silicon atom by a carbon chain is known and some are known to have fungicidal properties. For example GB Patent Specification No. 2 175 301 describes a number of compounds which are said to be primarily plant growth regulators, but which are also said to have fungicidal properties. These compounds include, among many others, some trialkylsilyl derivatives, of which the only specific example is given in Example 11 and is 3-t-butyl-3-hydroxy-4-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) 1-trimethyl-silyl 1-pentyne, which differs from the compounds of the present invention in that it possesses a t-butyl group in place of the optionally substituted phenyl group of the compounds of the present invention, in that it is an alkyne, rather than alkane, derivative and in that it has a longer aliphatic chain than do the compounds of the present invention.
GB Patent Specification No. 2 224 278 also describes a number of compounds which are said to be plant growth regulators or fungicides, and which include, among many others, some trialkylsilyl derivatives. The only compound of this type specifically disclosed appears in Example 4 of that GB Specification and is 3 (2,4. dichlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) 1-tri-methylsilyl-1-butene, which differs from the compounds of the present invention in that its aliphatic chain, and generally the aliphatic chains of the compounds in the GB Specification, is a butene, rather than propane, chain, that is, it is longer and it is unsaturated.
The closest prior art, however, is thought to be that described by J-F. Chollet et al. [Pestic. Sci., 29, 427-435 (1990)], where the compound identified as XX (Table 1, page 431), which may be called 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-3-trimethylsilyl-1-pen tene, differs from certain of the compounds of the present invention only in the presence of a vinyl substituent on the propane chain.
However, the prior art compounds, including those specifically described above, do not, in general, have sufficient activity. Moreover, one important property of compounds intended for use as agrochemical or pharmaceutical fungicides is that they should exhibit their activity at low dosages and should not induce any adverse side-effects. In addition, in the case of an agrochemical fungicide, it is a well recognized desideratum that the fungicide should have a systemic action, so that it may, for example, be applied as a coating to seeds or may be applied directly to crops or may be applied indirectly to submerged crops, such as to rice crops, and will be translocated throughout the plant.
Although each of the prior art compounds referred to above meets some of these requirements, none meets them all to a sufficient extent, and, in particular, most fail to exhibit any systemic activity at all, and, even in the one isomer of a prior art compound where some systemic activity is exhibited, this is lower than that of similar compounds of the present invention. As will be shown hereafter, the only compound included within the prior art to demonstrate any systemic activity is one isomer of 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-3-trimethylsilyl-1-pen tene, which isomer was not, in fact, separated from another, and systemically inactive, isomer by the prior art.
We have now surprisingly discovered a series of 3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl or imidazol-1-yl)-2-hydroxy-2-(optionally substituted phenyl)-1-(tri-substituted silyl)propane derivatives which are believed to have these desirable properties. This is the more surprising in that Chollet et al. suggest that unsaturated compounds, especially allylic compounds, are the most active, whereas the compounds of the present invention do not contain an unsaturated aliphatic group.

Fungicidal silicon-containing compounds and their agrochemical and medicinal uses


A machine for producing metal die castings is disclosed and comprises a crucible that incorporates an injection pump assembly which is mounted in such a way as to clear the upper access of the crucible to facilitate cover sealing and removing. The crucible is located in a furnace and is reciprocable to move the injection barrel and nozzle to and from a mold. The injection barrel is immersed in the crucible beneath the level of the molten metal to enhance heat transfer between the barrel and injected metal. The separate plunger and shot assemblies are located in the pump body in a "V" configuration so that maintenance of these units can be carried out without exposing the top of the furnace to the atmosphere. The plunger and shot assemblies include sealing means in connection with their actuating mechanisms to avoid molten metal splashing outside of the crucible when they are moving in an injection operation and to prevent the ingress of moisture, hydraulic fluid or the like into the crucible or injection chambers. The apparatus is particularly suitable for use with high melting point alloys such as magnesium.

Die casting with magnesium has increased substantially due mainly to the extreme light weight of the finished parts. On the basis of equal volume, magnesium is approximately less than 1/4 of the weight of steel and 2/3 the weight of aluminum. It will be appreciated that light weight in castings is important for numerous reasons some of which are (a) the saving of power and increasing the efficiency of machines that have moving parts; (b) increased payload in the field of transportation. Products made from magnesium tend to dissipate heat much faster than other alloys and accordingly the use of magnesium in the castings of computer cases, RF shielding and the like is most desirable.
Magnesium ages well; it has the approximate weight of plastic with the strength of zinc and it is less expensive than zinc. Casting made from magnesium have good energy absorption qualities and can be machined at higher speeds and with greater economy than any of the other die casting alloys.
There are however inherent problems in the use of magnesium for die casting and these problems usually are centred around the fact that magnesium in a molten state is highly volatile and there is usually a substantial risk of burning and explosion if great care is not taken in handling the molten metal. Desirably, the bath or crucible with molten metal therein should be well sealed from the ambience but this often present problems in locating injection assemblies in the machine. A blanket of inert gas covers the top of the molten metal in the crucible where the metal is maintained in temperatures ranging from 1175.degree. to 1250.degree. F. for the purposes of injection.
Due to some of these inherent problems of die casting with alloys, such as magnesium, production rates have tended to be much lower than those used in the casting of other alloys such as zinc. It will be appreciated that in order to produce an economical die casting, substantial production rates must be maintained. The result of these inherent difficulties has been that, to a great extent, magnesium alloys have not been cast in high speed machines incorporating injection assemblies submerged in the crucible of molten metals.
Canadian Patent 564,340 of Oct. 7, 1958 discloses an apparatus for producing magnesium die castings and it utilizes a "straight" goose neck in which the upper limit of the molten metal in the upper end of the nozzle and the upper surface of the molten metal in the pot is substantially coplanar. An offset arm is pivoted for swinging movement of the complete pot and nozzle toward and away from the surface of the die. This patent utilizes a plunger valve control operated in a vertical sleeve.
The prior art examples mentioned above do not disclose the advanced aspects of the present invention which utilizes an injection pump mounted in a manner so as to clear the upper access of the crucible and facilitate cover sealing and removing for cleaning or purging operations. The prior art does not show an injection pump assembly which comprises two plunger systems, one acting as a spool valve to open and close the injection barrel passage and another one to inject the molten metal into a mold through a barrel passage.


A method is described for recovering a noble gas, such as xenon or krypton, from a first gas mixture comprising a plurality of components, one of which is the noble gas and the others are typically helium and/or nitrogen, argon, and relatively light fluorocarbons. The gas mixture is first conveyed to a gas chromatography column for separating the noble gas from the other components of the gas mixture. As the noble gas travels relatively slowly through the column, the other components are exhausted from the column before the relatively slow noble gas. Following the exhaust of these other components, a purge gas is supplied to the column to flush the noble gas therefrom. A second gas mixture comprising the noble gas and the purge gas is conveyed from the column to a membrane separator to separate the second gas mixture into a noble gas-rich gas stream and a purge gas-rich gas stream, which may be recirculated back to the column for re-use.

A common requirement in integrated circuit fabrication is plasma etching of openings such as contacts, vias and trenches in dielectric materials formed on semiconductor substrates. With device geometries becoming increasingly smaller, there is a requirement to form deep and narrow openings with high aspect ratios. One suitable technique for forming such openings in silicon oxide is a plasma etching technique, in which a fluorocarbon etchant gas having the general formula CxFyHz, where x≧1, y≧1 and z≧0, is supplied to a process chamber of a plasma etch reactor together with one more noble gases, which perform the dual roles of providing an inert carrier gas for the etchant gas and aiding fluorine in attacking the silicon oxide.
The use of xenon as one of the noble gases has been found to provide increased selectivity and reduced resist damage in comparison to a system using argon alone. However, as xenon occurs in atmospheric air in very low concentrations, its cost is very high (the current cost of xenon is around $4/sl) and its availability can be somewhat limited. Given that the estimated usage of xenon in a plasma etch reactor comprising four processing chambers is around 250,000 to 500,000 liters per annum, it is very desirable to recover and re-use expensive noble gases such as xenon and/or krypton which are contained within the effluent stream exhaust from the process tool.
The recovery of such a noble gas, or noble gas mixture, is, however, hampered by other components of the effluent stream. These can include: unconsumed reactants; by-products from the plasma etching; purge gas supplied to a pumping system for drawing the effluent stream from the chamber; and other noble gases.
Unconsumed fluorocarbon etchant is particularly undesirable, as such gases are known to have relatively high greenhouse activity.