An electronic unit manufacturing apparatus includes: a cream solder printer for printing cream solder on one side of a printed-circuit board; a chip placement machine for placing a plane-mounted part on the printed-circuit board on which the cream solder is printed; a first reflow furnace for fixedly securing the plane-mounted part to the printed-circuit board; a solder application machine for applying a larger amount of cream solder than that printed by the cream solder printer in the vicinity of holes made in the one side of the printed-circuit board; and a second reflow furnace for inserting pins of a deformed part into the holes made in the printed-circuit board from an opposite side thereof and fixedly securing the pins of the deformed part to the printed-circuit board, wherein in the second reflow furnace. In the second reflow furnace, temperature on the opposite side of the printed-circuit board is set lower than temperature on the one side thereof.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an electronic unit manufacturing apparatus and method for reflow soldering.
2. Description of the Related Art
A conventional electronic unit manufacturing apparatus and method will be discussed. As shown in FIG. 32, the conventional electronic unit manufacturing apparatus using the conventional electronic unit manufacturing method includes an adhesive printer 1 for printing an adhesive on a printed-circuit board, a chip placement machine 2 for placing chips on the printed-circuit board on which the adhesive is printed by the adhesive printer 1, a drier 3 for drying the printed-circuit board on which the chips are placed by the chip placement machine 2, and a deformed part insertion machine 4 for inserting deformed parts such as a coil, a capacitor, and an IFT transformer into the printed-circuit board dried by the drier 3. The printed-circuit board into which the deformed parts are inserted by the deformed part insertion machine 4 is inserted into a metal frame and frame assembling 5 is executed, then batch soldering is performed on a solder dip layer 6 to finish manufacturing the electronic unit. The reason why the conventional electronic unit manufacturing apparatus using the conventional electronic unit manufacturing method cannot accomplish reflow soldering with good soldering quality is that if non-heat-resistant parts easily affected by high temperature, such as an electrolytic capacitor and an IFT transformer, of the deformed parts inserted into the printed-circuit board are reflow-soldered at the same time as the chips, the parts are destroyed due to reflow heat.
However, for the adhesive printer 1 to print an adhesive on a printed-circuit board in the conventional manufacturing apparatus using the solder dip layer 6 to protect the non-heat-resistant parts, as shown in FIG. 33, if the amount of an adhesive 8a printed on a printed-circuit board 7 is small, a small bonding force is provided. Thus, a chip 9 may drop from the printed-circuit board 7 before dip-soldering is performed in the solder dip layer 6. If the adhesive amount is large, the adhesive squeezes out from the chip 9 as adhesive 8b. Resultantly, as shown in FIG. 34, solderability of solder 10 is poor and chips 9 may drop from the printed-circuit board 7. In soldering using the solder dip layer 6, inevitably a short circuit caused by a solder bride 11, a discontinuous part 12 not soldered, and the like occur as shown in FIG. 35; the worker must correct the defects by manual soldering in the later process.
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an electronic unit manufacturing apparatus for protecting non-heat-resistant parts from high temperature and providing good soldering quality for lessening correction work.
To solve the above object, there is provided an electronic unit manufacturing apparatus includes: a cream solder printer for printing cream solder on one side of a printed-circuit board; a chip placement machine for placing a plane-mounted part on the printed-circuit board on which the cream solder is printed; a first reflow furnace for fixedly securing the plane-mounted part to the printed-circuit board; a solder application machine for applying a larger amount of cream solder than that printed by the cream solder printer in the vicinity of holes made in the one side of the printed-circuit board; and a second reflow furnace for inserting pins of a deformed part into the holes made in the printed-circuit board from an opposite side thereof and fixedly securing the pins of the deformed part to the printed-circuit board, wherein in the second reflow furnace. In the second reflow furnace, temperature on the opposite side of the printed-circuit board is set lower than temperature on the""one side thereof.
Thus, when the electronic unit is manufactured, the non-heat-resistant parts are protected from high temperature heat and good soldering quality is provided for drastically lessening correction work.

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


A latch mechanism for use in attaching portions or panels on an aircraft. The latch mechanism and related method include a detent mechanism for releasably coupling a bolt portion of the latch to a handle portion of the latch. The latch allows the bolt and handle to conjointly pivot with respect to a corresponding mounting bracket. The latch operates to relieve pressure in an excess pressure condition when the forces associated with the detention mechanism are overcome.

The present disclosure relates to a pressure relief latch mechanism for releasably latching and/or holding a first member with respect to a second member, and in particular to a latch mechanism including a manually operable trigger for releasing a bolt of the latch mechanism from a latched condition and that is configured to alternatively automatically release the bolt of latch mechanism from the latched condition in response to an over-pressure condition encountered by the first member.


Disclosed are embodiments of a track mounting tool for use with track removal from, and mounting on, a power machine. The tool includes features which aid in the tasks of track removal and/or track installation. In exemplary embodiments, the tool includes track hanger towers which are configurable to carry a track for mounting on, or after removal from, either side of a power machine. The tool includes a track engager mechanism, which is pivotable for use with either side of a power machine or for mounting of a track at a front or rear idler.

This disclosure is directed toward tools for use with power machines having tracks. More particularly, this disclosure is directed to a tool configured to be used in removing tracks from, and installing tracks on, power machines such as loaders.
Power machines, for the purposes of this disclosure, include any type of machine that generates power to accomplish a particular task or a variety of tasks. One type of power machine is a work vehicle. Work vehicles are generally self-propelled vehicles that have a work element, such as a lift arm (although some work vehicles can have other work element) that can be manipulated to perform a work function. Work vehicles include excavators, loaders, utility vehicles, tractors, and trenchers, to name a few examples.
Some power machines, such as loaders and excavators, can have tracks mounted on either side of a machine frame. Endless tracks are powered about track frames on which the tracks are carried. A set of rollers or bogie wheels are typically attached to the track frames and engage the endless tracks to distribute the weight of the machine over that portion of the track that is in engagement with the ground. One or more tensioning devices, such as tensioning cylinders, are employed with idlers to maintain a desirable tension on the endless tracks. A drive sprocket engages each endless track to power the track and move the power machine over a surface.
On power machines, the endless tracks at times require removal and replacement. However, due to the weight of a typical track, often hundreds of pounds, and the tension placed on the track by the idlers and corresponding tensioning devices, track removal and installation can be a challenging, labor intensive task.
The discussion above is merely provided for general background information and is not intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.


A cosmetic container having a container body and a lid which opens and closes the container body, which can meet a demand that a decorated part does not peel or fall off in part from the container body or the lid, by providing a replacement cover detachably/attachably and replaceably on at least either one of the lid or the container body to cover it, and which can enhance flexibility for consumers to select an appearance according to taste.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a cosmetic container which can meet a demand that a decorated part does not peel or drop off in part from a container body or a lid, and which can enhance flexibility to select an appearance according to consumers' taste.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, a cosmetic container is constructed by comprising a container body to store cosmetics, and a lid to open and close the container body. The container body and the lid which form the appearance of the cosmetic container, have conventionally been decorated by various methods in order to improve its design. The container body and the lid have been decorated, for example, by conducting surface processing by sputtering or the like, by transferring letters and patterns using transfer paper, or by layering a transparent or semi-transparent layer on top of an added pattern or the like.
Note that, the applicant of this application has filed related prior applications, Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-49000, Japanese Patent Application 2002-280340, Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-304682, Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-304683, Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-321873, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-321874.
Incidentally, with the conventional cosmetic containers, with an object to provide the cosmetic containers as products with high quality and with quality appearance, and so that the decorated part does not peel or drop off in part from the container body and the lid, there was a demand to integrally form the decorated part with the container body and the lid inseparably, so they cannot be separated from each other in regard to any of the above decorating methods.
This kind of demand means that the appearance of the cosmetic container is limited to a design selected by a manufacturer, and prevents consumers from freely selecting according to taste a design appearance of the cosmetic container. Therefore, the consumers could not find a cosmetic container with a design that one liked and this is considered to be a reason for the consumer's moderate consuming.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A method of controlling output levels of an MMC converter to reduce fluctuation in a power grid frequency, which adjusts an output level of the MMC converter in response to a change in a power grid frequency of a power grid system in the MMC converter connected to a grid system, is proposed. The method includes a detection step of detecting a power grid frequency of a grid connected to the MMC converter in real time, a comparison step of comparing the detected power grid frequency with a preset reference power grid frequency, and an adjustment step of adjusting a number of output levels of the MMC converter to reduce a difference between the detected power grid frequency and the reference power grid frequency when the detected power grid frequency and the reference power grid frequency are different from each other.

In general, an MMC converter includes a plurality of submodules connected in series with each other to perform voltage conversion and serves as a passage of current for power transmission. Recently, the MMC converter is actively used for HVDC or Medium Voltage DC Transmission (MVDC) to convert power produced in a large-scale offshore wind park into DC voltage.
When a disturbance such as a generator drop or an increase in load occurs in such a power system, the active power fluctuates. When the active power fluctuates, the grid frequency of the power system decreases due to the lack of electric energy. In Korea, when a frequency decreases below 60 Hz, a low frequency load blocking relay operates to cut off the load in proportion to the dropped frequency in order to prevent the generator from dropping off.
After the disturbance occurs, the lowest frequency of the power grid system becomes an important criterion for determining the reliability of the power grid system, and it is important not to drop a power grid frequency of the power grid in order to prevent load blocking.
Conventionally, as a technique that utilizes the inertia energy of a wind power generator, a wind power generator inertial control system that is mainly used in large-scale systems or synchronous generator-based systems has been proposed. This inertia control of wind power generation operates based on frequency measurement.
The drop and fluctuation in a frequency is reduced by transferring inertial energy of wind power generation to a grid when the frequency of a synchronous generator drops when generator capability or load capability varies, and there is a limit in inertia control of wind power generation, and it is difficult to apply frequency characteristics for a change in active power to other grids.

Method for controlling output level of modular multilevel converter for reducing power system frequency change


Peptide-based compounds containing multiple proline residues are useful as preservatives and in preventing, treating, or ameliorating microbial infection, especially Gram-negative bacterial infection in animals and plants, in treating conditions characterized by the presence of LPS. These compounds are of the formula ##STR1## including the N-terminal acylated and/or C-terminal amidated or esterified forms thereof. wherein each of A.sub.1, A.sub.5, A.sub.10, A.sub.14 and A.sub.20 is independently Ala, Gly or Ser; PA1 each of A.sub.2, A.sub.4, A.sub.7, A.sub.9, A.sub.11, A.sub.12, A.sub.13, A.sub.16, A.sub.17, A.sub.19 and A.sub.22 is independently a hydrophobic amino acid selected from the group consisting of Ile, Leu, Val, Phe and Met; PA1 each of A.sub.3 and A.sub.8 is independently a neutral polar amino acid selected from Asn and Gln or is a hydrophobic amino acid selected from the group consisting of Ile, Leu, Val, Phe and Met; PA1 each of A.sub.6, A.sub.18 and A.sub.21 is independently a basic amino acid selected from Arg, Lys, and Har; and PA1 wherein A.sub.15 is Trp or a basic amino acid selected from Lys, Arg and Har; PA1 wherein n is an integer of 1-6; and PA1 the antimicrobial or LPS-binding fragments thereof. Recombinant materials for the production of these peptides are also disclosed.

One of the defense mechanisms against infection by both animals and plants is the production of peptides that have antimicrobial and antiviral activity. Various classes of these peptides have been isolated from tissues both of plants and animals. One well known class of such peptides is the tachyplesins which were first isolated from the hemocytes of the horseshoe crab as described by Nakamura, T. et al. J Biol Chem (1988) 26:16709-16713. This article described the initial tachyplesin isolated from the Japanese species, Tachyplesin I, which is a 17-amino acid amidated peptide containing four cysteine residues providing two intramolecular cystine bonds. In a later article by this group, Miyata, T. et al. J Biochem (1989) 106:663-668, extends the studies to the American horseshoe crab and isolated a second tachyplesin, Tachyplesin II, consisting of 17 residues amidated at the C-terminus, also containing four cysteine residues and two intramolecular disulfide bonds. Two additional 18-mers, called polyphemusins, highly homologous to Tachyplesin II and containing the same positions for the four cysteine residues, were also isolated. Polyphemusin I and Polyphemusin II differ from each other only in the replacement of one arginine residue by a lysine. All of the peptides were described as having antifungal and antibacterial activity. A later article by Murakami, T. et al. Chemotherapy (1991) 37:327-334, describes the antiviral activity of the tachyplesins with respect to vesicular stomatus virus; Herpes Simplex Virus I & II, Adenovirus I, Reovirus II and Poliovirus I were resistant to inactivation by Tachyplesin I. Morimoto, M. et al. Chemotherapy (1991) 37:206-211, found that Tachyplesin was inhibitory to Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This anti-HIV activity was found also to be possessed by a synthetic analog of Polyphemusin II as described by Nakashima, H. et al. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (1992) 1249-1255. Antiviral peptides have also been found in rabbit leukocytes as reported by Lehrer, R. I. et al. J Virol (1985) 54:467-472.
Another class of antimicrobial and antiviral peptides, the "protegrins" have been isolated from porcine leukocytes as reported by the present applicants in a paper by Kokryakov, V. N. et al. FEBS (1993) 337:231-236 An additional paper disclosing cationic peptides from porcine leukocytes was published by Mirgorodskaya, O. A. al. FEBS (1993) 330:339-342. Storici, P. et al. Biochem Biophys Res Comm (1993) 196:1363-1367, report the recovery of a DNA sequence which encodes a pig leukocyte antimicrobial peptide with a cathelin-like prosequence and is reported to be one of the protegrins.
Other important classes of cysteine-containing antimicrobial peptides include the defensins, .beta.-defensins and insect defensins. The defensins are somewhat longer peptides characterized by six invariant cysteines and three intramolecular cystine disulfide bonds. Defensins were described by Lehrer, R. I. et al. Cell (1991) 64:229-230; Lehrer, R. I. et al. Ann Rev Immunol (1993) 11:105-128. A review of mammalian-derived defensins by Lehrer, R. I. et al. is found in Annual Review Immunol (1993) 11:105-128; three patents have issued on the defensins: U.S. Pat. No. 4,705,777; U.S. Pat. No. 4,659,692; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,543,252. Defensins have been found in the polymorphonucleated leukocytes (PMN) of humans and of several other animals, as well as in rabbit pulmonary alveolar macrophages, and in murine small intestinal epithelial (Paneth) cells and in corresponding cells in humans.
.beta.-Defensins are found in bovine leukocytes and respiratory epithelial cells. See Selsted, M. E. et al. J Biol Chem (1993) 288:6641-6648, Tang, Y-Q. J Biol Chem (1993) 268:6649-6653, and Diamond, G. et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) (1991) 88:3952-3958, Diamond, G. et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (1993) 90:4596-4600. Insect defensins have been reported by Lambert, J. et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) (1989) 88:262-265.
Antifungal and antibacterial peptides and proteins have also been found in plants (Broekaert, W. F. et. al. Biochemistry (1992) 31:4308-4314) as reviewed by Cornelissen, B. J. C. et al. Plant Physiol (1993) 101:709-712. Expression systems for the production of such peptides have been used to transform plants to protect the plants against such infection as described, for example, by Haln, R. et al. Nature (1993) 361:153-156.
Another group of antibacterial peptides which are isolated from avian leukocytes are the gallinacins. These peptides have cysteine distribution patters which are similar to the .beta.-defensins obtained from mammalian species. These peptides are described by Harwig, S. S. L. et al. in Techniques in Protein Chemistry V (1994) Academic Press Inc., New York, pages 81-88.
An interesting feature of many of the apparently unrelated naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides is that they are derived from precursors which have similar 5' regions highly homologous to a porcine cysteine proteinase inhibitor, cathelin. For example, Storici, P. et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1993) 196:1363-1368, point out that the .beta.-defensins, as well as certain other classes of antimicrobial peptides share this common upstream region. These peptides include Bac5 (Gennaro, R. et al. Infect Immun (1989) 57:3142-3146 for which the cDNA was reported by Zanetti, M. et al. J Biol Chem (1993) 268:522-526); indolicidin (Selsted, M. E. et al. J Biol Chem (1992) 267:4292-4295; Delsal, G. et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1992) 187:467-472); an acyclic dodecapeptide from bovine sources (Romeo, D. et al. J Biol Chem (1988) 263:9573-9575) for which a cDNA clone was reported by Storici, P., et al. FEBS (1992) 314:187-190); and CAP18 from rabbit leukocytes (Larrick, J. W. et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1991) 179:170-175). This upstream sequence is also shared by the antibacterial 15 kD proteins, "p15", from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes described by Levy, O. et al. J. Biol Chem (1993) 268:6058-6063. Still another member of this family is the PR39 peptide described by Storici, P. et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1993) 196:1058-1065. All of these are characterized by prosequences homologous to the cysteine proteinase inhibitor, cathelin/PLCPI.
Taking advantage of this precursor homology, Pungercar, J. et al. FABS (1993) 336:284-288 (the December issue) utilized a PCR-derived probe obtained by amplification of the propeptide region of a rabbit Cap18 cDNA to screen a cDNA library prepared in .lambda.-GT11 from pig bone marrow. The retrieved cDNA clone contained a deduced amino acid sequence with the cathelin N-terminal sequence and a putative 100-amino acid residue mature protein rich in praline. These authors further suggest that the C-terminal 3-amino acid residue may be cleaved in the mature form to yield a 97-amino acid mature protein with multiple praline residues.
The effect of proline-rich regions on the structure and function of various proteins has been reviewed by Williamson, M. P. et al. Biochem J (1994) 297:249-260. Most of such proteins serve a structural or binding purpose since the presence of multiple praline residues imposes severe conformational constraints.
The present invention is directed to a family of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides containing about 79 amino acid residues with repeating decamer regions. The invention peptides are particularly effective against Gram-negative bacteria and also are capable of binding lipopolysaccharide (LPS) thus having the ability to mitigate the symptoms of septic shock. They are useful as preservatives and therapeutics. This class of peptides is designated "prophenins".


A urinal with a sanitation device capable of preventing the generation of a smell and urine scale with reliability without reducing a water conservation effect. In the urinal US, a liquid agent is ejected in different modes by predetermined timing according to areas on the urinal US.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a urinal with a sanitation device in which the whole of a trap unit having a water seal formed by urine or component parts constituting the trap unit are interchangeable, and in which a sanitary condition is maintained by using a chemical agent.
2. Description of the Related Art
Flush urinals in which a sanitary condition is maintained by supplying water each time after use have come into wide use. Human urine contains various bacteria. If urine remains in the bowl of a urinal and other portions after use, various bacteria in the urine multiply increasingly with passage of time and produce ammonia by decomposing urea in the urine, thereby generating an ammonia smell and urine scale (solid matters such as calcium phosphate and magnesium phosphate derived from constituents of urine). In an ordinary flush urinal, therefore, water is delivered into the bowl of the urinal to flush away urine remaining in the bowl.
In this conventional flush urinal, water is delivered into the bowl and caused to flow into a trap connected to the bowl downstream of the same and replace urine retained in the trap, thereby discharging the urine. Further, urine remaining in a drain tube connected downstream of the trap is flushed away with water supplied from the bowl through the trap. Thereafter, delivery of water is stopped, with the trap filled with water. In this way, urine remaining in the bowl and other portions is flushed away before various bacteria in the urine multiply largely, thereby inhibiting the production of ammonia and urine scale and preventing the generation of a smell and clogging of the drain tube with urine scale. Water filling the trap functions as a water seal to prevent a backflow of a smell from the drain tube. After flushing, only water exists in the trap. Therefore, even when the water seal in the trap evaporates and diffuses in the toilet room where the urinal is installed, the evaporated constituents do not act as a cause of a smell.
Under circumstances as a result of the increase of environmental consciousness in recent years, a high level of water conservation performance is required of facilities and appliances using water. This is also the case with urinals. In flush urinals such as described above, however, flushing urine in the bowl, replacement and discharge of urine in the trap and flushing of urine in the drain tube are performed by delivering water one time into the bowl. A comparatively large amount of water is needed to perform those operations with reliability. From the viewpoint of water conservation, therefore, there is a demand for further reducing the amount of water to be used.
A non-flush urinal is known which has a trap such as described in National Publication of International Patent Application No. 2007-518005, and which is an example of a urinal designed to meet a water conservation requirement. In an ordinary flush urinal, water is supplied each time after use and water retained in a trap is used as a water seal. In the non-flush urinal having the trap described in National Publication of International Patent Application No. 2007-518005, supply of water after use is not performed in principle; urine retained in the trap is used as a water seal.
In the case where urine retained in the trap is used as a water seal, there is an apprehension that ammonia in the urine evaporates and diffuses in the toilet room to generate a smell, and that urine scale is generated in the trap. To solve this apprehended problem, a chemical agent is used in the trap described in National Publication of International Patent Application No. 2007-518005. A chemical agent such as citric acid is disposed at such a position as to contact urine flowing into the trap, and a part of the chemical agent dissolved by contact with the urine flows into the trap together with the urine. The trap described in National Publication of International Patent Application No. 2007-518005 is designed to supply a chemical agent into the trap by utilizing urine from a user in order to inhibit multiplication of various bacteria in urine retained in the trap and prevent generation of a smell and urine scale.
This trap is of such a construction (cartridge) as to be provided at a low cost and interchangeable. Therefore, the trap may be replaced with a new one to enable continued use of the urinal, for example, in a situation where the above-described chemical agent disappears during use of the urinal; the generation of urine scale in the trap progresses; and the performance in discharging urine from the trap becomes lower.
In a case where a chemical agent is supplied into a trap by utilizing urine from a user, as in the trap-interchange-type urinal described in National Publication of International Patent Application No. 2007-518005, however, stoppage of supply of the chemical agent into the trap occurs, for example, during a time period at a weekend during which the frequency of use is low, as in a case where the urinal is installed in a toilet room in an office building. In such a case, multiplication of various bacteria in the retained urine is not inhibited; the production of ammonia progresses over the weekend; and a smell is generated at the beginning of the next week.
In the trap-interchange-type urinal described in National Publication of International Patent Application No. 2007-518005, urine remains in the bowl since water is not supplied. The urinal described therein is incapable of coping with the generation of a smell and urine scale generated from the remaining urine.


A connector for a multipolar lead has a cavity that contains a stack of alternating annular electrical contact elements and annular isolation elements. The isolation elements comprise an annular rigid sleeve and an annular flexible seal disposed against an annular face in an interior region of the rigid sleeve. The flexible seal extends axially from one lateral side of the rigid sleeve to the other in the interior region of the rigid sleeve. The sleeve and the seal include are immobilized relatively to each other in the axial direction by use of mating surface profiles respectively defined on an inner annular side of the sleeve and on an outer annular side of the flexible seal.

Active implantable medical devices have a housing generally designated as the "generator," that is mechanically and electrically connected to one or more "leads" having electrodes that contact the patient's tissue at one or more locations where it is desirable to apply stimulation pulses and/or to collect (detect) an electrical signal: e.g., myocardium, nerve, muscle, or other organ tissue.
Standardized connection systems have been developed to ensure interchangeability of leads and generators that are produced by different manufacturers. Thus, the standard called "IS-1" and "IS-4" define a number of dimensional and electrical characteristics for the leads used for cardiac pacing (i.e., the delivery of low energy level stimulation pulses to cause a heartbeat). For defibrillation or cardioversion leads, wherein higher energy "shock" stimulation pulses pass from the generator to the lead, and the electrical stresses are more severe, the standards called "DF-1" and "DF-4" define the dimensional and electrical characteristics of the lead generator connection system.
The complexity of these leads, which already incorporate specific constraints in terms of electrical energy associated with either use, pacing or shock, is enhanced by the development of multisite devices and intracardiac biological sensors such as peak endocardial acceleration (PEA) sensors. This results in terms of connectivity, in a proliferation of connection plugs, in addition to different standards depending on the plugs.
The benefit of a single plug, subject to a single standard, with a plurality of electrical contacts to simultaneously ensure connections to various terminals of the generator for all energy levels is understandable, whether for the collection of depolarization signals, for the application of low energy stimulation pulses for pacing, or the delivery of a high energy defibrillation shock.
In this context, a single "isodiametric" connection plug, that is to say a plug with a uniform cylindrical shape, designed to be inserted in a counterpart cavity of the generator, is disclosed.
EP 1641084 A1 and its US counterpart U.S. Pat. No. 7,175,478 (both assigned to Sorin CRM S.A.S. previously known as ELA Medical) describes such an isodiametric connection plug with the outer cylindrical surface having a stack of annular electrical contact zones, constructed with conductive cylindrical rings and insulating zones designed to electrically isolate the conductive rings.
For receiving a multipolar connection plug of this type and for connecting it to the electrical circuits of the generator, connectors comprising a cavity formed similarly to the plug itself are provided. The connector cavity thus also comprises a stack of annular electrical contacts to ensure electrical contact with the corresponding conductive rings of the connection plug. In this stack, the annular elements for electrical contact are separated by isolation annular elements.
It should be understood that, unlike the IS1/DF1 connection plug standard, wherein the isolation elements are carried by the lead, under the newer IS4/DF4 standard, the isolation elements are now arranged in the cavity, which has the advantage of providing new isolation elements each time the generator is replaced.
The term "isolation" used here applies both to the sealing of the cavity relatively to the external environment, especially with respect to body fluids, and to the electrical insulation, that is to say the low voltage and high voltage insulation of the electrical contact elements of the cavity, as well as the electrical contact elements of the cavity with the outside environment.
U.S. Pat. Publication No. 2005/0186829 A1 describes a connector comprising a series of stackable pieces that snap together with alternatively the insertion of a flexible joint or of an electrical connection element. Each flexible joint, or connection element, is thus pinched between two of these counterpart pieces. The tightness of this connector is nevertheless not satisfactorily ensured at the interface between the two snap-together pieces, which leaves a risk of infiltration from the environment inside the connector, particularly at the electrical connection members. It is therefore necessary to provide an additional sealing level, for example, by gluing the snap pieces, by force-fitting such as a "press-fit," or by other similar means.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,083,474 B1 also proposes a flexible joint overmolded onto a stiffening core carrying crossing holes. The rigid core carries an abutment during stacking of the various elements of the cavity. However, because the seal is not anchored, but simply attached to the rigid core through the crossing holes, nothing prevents it from moving during the insertion of the connector plug, which may degrade the sealing and electrical insulation.
U.S. Pat. Publication No. 2003/0073348 A1 describes yet another connector, made from a stack of support elements alternately attaching seals and electrical connection elements. But the drawbacks described above (imperfect seal and necessary use of an additional level of sealing, for example, by gluing or "press-fit") still remain.

Connector for a medical device having a rigid sleeve and a flexible seal with complimentary surface profiles


The invention relates to a balanced antenna system comprising a radiator connected via a matching circuit to a balun. In certain embodiments, the radiator comprises a first radiating element and a second radiating element and the matching circuit comprises a first impedance-matching circuit connected to the first radiating element and a second impedance-matching circuit connected to the second radiating element. The first and second matching circuits may be identical and are connected through the balun to a single port. To minimize the component count, the design of the matching circuit and balun is co-optimized.

Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems exploiting multiple antennas for transmitting and/or receiving data have attracted increasing interest due to their potential for increased capacity in rich multipath environments. Such systems can be used to enable enhanced communication performance (i.e. improved signal quality and reliability) by use of multi-path propagation without requiring additional spectrum bandwidth. This has been a well-known and well-used solution to achieve high data rate communications employing either 2G or 3G communication standards.
For indoor wireless applications such as router devices, external dipole and monopole antennas are widely used with high-gain, omni-directional dipole arrays and collinear antennas being the most popular.
However, there are very few portable devices with MIMO systems on the market and this is mainly because of the complications around gathering several radiators in a small device (due to the small allocated space of the terminal), while maintaining the required isolation between each radiator.
One of the interesting solutions to this problem involves the use of balanced radiators which do not require a ground plane (and especially ground plane currents) to efficiently radiate. Over recent years, balanced antenna systems have attracted increasing interest to mobile phone antenna designers because of their stable performance when held adjacent to the human body. In this type of antenna, only balanced currents flow on the antenna element, thus remarkably reducing the effect of current flow on the phone chassis and the influence of the human body on antenna performance can be made small.
The structure of a balanced antenna system typically comprises a radiating element which is fed by a balanced line or "balun" (which is configured to convert a single unbalanced signal into two differential balanced signals or vice versa). Such balanced antennas have been successfully applied to design a two-element structure which operates at 2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz in PDA and laptop devices. However, it is currently considered difficult (or perhaps even impossible) to implement such structures at lower frequencies; for instance in either DVB-H, GSM or UMTS mobile phones because of the physical size of the corresponding resonance.
There is therefore a need for a compact balanced antenna design for MIMO applications in mobile devices which can provide coverage across the whole spectrum of frequency ranges required by service providers and customers. Consequently, an aim of the present invention is to provide a balanced antenna system which helps to address the above-mentioned problems.


An apparatus for covering an area between opposed walls is provided by the present invention. The apparatus includes rails for mounting on the opposed walls, and a covering material for covering the area between the opposed walls. The rails include ridges and channels which allow for adjustment of the tautness of the covering material between the opposed walls. The covering material includes a fabric for suspension between the opposed walls and has edges which include ridges and channels. The ridges and channels in the rails and the ridges and channels in the covering material are constructed and arranged to mate in order to provide a releasable connection.

Tonneau covers mounted on pickup truck beds are common. Tonneau covers are generally used to help contain and/or conceal goods in the truck bed, and to protect the goods from weather. Various designs of tonneau covers are available. For example, U.S. Pat. No. Re. 33,790 to Huber and U.S. Pat. No. 3,829,151 to Fellenstein describe tonneau covers having hard and rigid covers over the pickup truck beds. Such covers can be heavy and difficult to manipulate.
Many designs exist for flexible tonneau covers. For example, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,730,866 and 4,838,602 listing James Nett as an inventor; and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,251,960; 5,121,960; 5,365,994; 4,693,033; 5,310,238; and 5,058,652 listing Donald Wheatley as an inventor. The tonneau covers described by these patents can be referred to as soft tonneau covers. Several of the presently available designs incorporate snap-type connections. It has been observed that snap connections can sometimes be difficult to operate, and can cause stress lines in the tonneau cover fabric. Furthermore, it has been observed that the tonneau cover fabric becomes soft in warm weather which causes it to sag. In cold weather, the fabric loses its flexibility and becomes stiff, and thus, becomes hard to install and may be prone to tear.

Apparatus for covering a vehicle cargo area


The present invention proposes an improved method for at least partially compensating for the dynamic transfer of an axle load when part of a motor vehicle load dips over at least one front wheel. A demand for a drive moment is applied and thus a time-limited virtually maximum drive moment is produced for the purposes of compensating for the transfer of the axle load. Moreover, for the first time, the present invention proposes a microprocessor and also a control device for carrying out this method in accordance with the invention. Furthermore, a motor vehicle drive is indicated which is equipped with such a control device or such a microprocessor. Finally, software is designated for carrying out the method. A motor vehicle is presented which is equipped with such a control device or such a microprocessor for the execution of the software for carrying out the method in accordance with the invention.

In practice, it is known that the dynamic transfer of an axle load due to the acceleration or deceleration of a motor vehicle causes a change in the opposite sense in the momentary normal force on the front and rear axle. Because of the dependency of the tire cornering force on the normal force, the distribution of the lateral force between the front and the rear axle changes whereby a moment turning into the curve develops during deceleration and a moment turning out of the curve occurs when accelerating.
In correspondence therewith, it is also known in practice that, in certain driving conditions, the subjective feeling of the driver is that the motor vehicle is tilting forward over the front wheels, or is dipping over them such that at least one wheel frequently deflects to almost its maximum extent, as is the case for example when driving to the extreme in a curve or under heavy braking.
Particularly in the case of full braking, the motor vehicle tilts downwardly to a very great extent in the forward direction of travel as a consequence of the dynamic transfer of the axle load. The tires on the front axle are thereby extremely heavily loaded and thus are possibly no longer following linear operating points. At these operating points, the transmissible longitudinal and transverse forces are smaller than in the linear range. At the same time, the loading on the tires on the rear axle is substantially reduced and consequently they can only transfer low braking and cornering forces. Control of the vehicle as desired by the driver is then frequently no longer possible without systems for regulating the dynamics of the vehicle's movement.
The reduction in the load on the rear axle in the event of driving in a curve while applying full braking or in the event of driving rapidly or to the maximum extreme in a curve can be of such an extent that the rear wheel on the inner side of the curve lifts completely off the road and can no longer transfer any braking or lateral forces whatsoever. The front wheel on the outer side of the curve and also the rear wheel on the outer side of the curve are then frequently loaded in such a manner that they begin to slide so that the vehicle eventually breaks away.
In the context of the developments in integrated chassis control systems that have been known in practice up to now, ("integrated chassis control," or "ICC"), one has sought to stabilize the motor vehicle in every conceivable driving situation by networking the essential systems for the dynamics of the vehicle's movement as one component of an interactive dynamic driving system ("interactive driving system," or: "IDS"). Such systems for regulating the dynamics of the vehicle's movement and/or the electronic stability program ("electronic stability program," or "ESP") communicate with further control devices such as the brake assistant for example, whereby the respective items of data required for this purpose are transmitted over a data bus system ("controller area network," or "CAN" bus). Hereby, the data can be transmitted over data bus systems of differing speeds in dependence on the importance thereof. Thus, for example, the time-sensitive signals in regard to the dynamics of the vehicle's movement are transmitted over a "high speed" data bus having a data transmission rate of at least 500 KB per second.
A dynamic transference of the axle load, such as occurs when the motor vehicle plunges over the front wheels, for example, can thus be detected more or less in real time and an electronic damping regulation process ("continuous damping control," or "CDC") can be activated, for example, in order to counteract the transfer of the axle load. Such expensive electronic damping control systems are, for example, based on shock absorbers controlled by solenoid valves whose characteristic can be continuously adapted to the road conditions, the vehicle movement, and the driving pattern in a stepless, precise and continuous manner in dependence on the prevailing data. Several acceleration sensors or the like can supply the signals required for optimal damping to the CDC control unit in combination with further signals from the CAN bus. The control unit calculates the requisite damping force for each wheel in real time, for example, by means of a characteristic diagram or the like. The adaptation of the shock absorbers can then take place within milliseconds. The vehicle bodywork can thus be kept steady; pitching motions when braking and bodywork movements when driving in curves or when driving over bumps are reduced to a noticeable extent.
Although the successes and improvements in regard to the dynamic transference of the axle load that can be attained thereby are indeed promising and have also proved satisfactory in practice, they are still inadequate for fully controlling a motor vehicle in every driving situation.

Systems and methods for compensation for a dynamic axle load transfer


This invention provides an antigen-free and immunologically inert tissue graft material and methods of preparing and using these tissue graft materials.

In treating many illnesses and injuries, it is often useful to replace or reinforce damaged or injured tissues with a biocompatible graft material. Examples of such graft materials are diverse and include, but are not limited to: coronary grafts, such as arteries, veins, and valves; structural tissues, such as ligaments and tendons, dura mater, and skin. The suitable graft materials may also be used for surgical procedures such as slings for the treatment of urinary incontinence, bulking agents for cosmetic or reconstructive surgery, heart valve replacements, pericardium repairs, arterial transplants, and surgical meshes for the repair of hernias, abdominal wall reconstructions, and pelvic floor reconstructions. Suitable graft materials may be derived from allogenic or exogenic sources. Furthermore, allogenic graft materials may further be derived from autologous or homologous sources and may even include cadaveric sources.
The use of biocompatible grafts is an important and sometimes indispensable part of a course of treatment. However, to avoid, dangerously adverse reactions in a patient being treated with a biocompatible graft, it is first necessary to treat a freshly harvested graft material before it may be used as intended. This is particularly true where graft materials are derived from exogenic and homologous sources. Typically autologous sources of graft material represent a much lower risk with regard to adverse reactions but treatment may still be desired for the graft material to further reduce the likelihood of adverse reactions.
Freshly harvested graft materials are treated to remove any type of reactive material that may be present in the graft material, such as antigens, viruses and prions. Once such reactive material is removed, the graft may be emplaced. Removal of reactive cellular materials leaves behind an immunologically inert structural component of the graft alone. The structural component of a graft is an extra cellular matrix comprised of collagen fibers that are by themselves typically biochemically inert. The failure to remove reactive cellular material from the extra cellular matrix can cause severe reactions to the graft material that can extend healing time or even result in the complete rejection of the graft material itself.
Much work has been done in the field of decellularizing human and animal tissue to yield an essentially inert extra cellular matrix useful as a graft material. Typically, other technologies essentially use crosslinking or alkylation to mask the antigens or enzymes or caustic solutions to remove the antigens. While these methods may produce useful biocompatible graft materials, these methods have limitations in terms of their complexity, their expense, their ability to remove (rather than mask) antigens, their ability to remove hair, or controlling the rate of absorption.

Biocompatible tissue graft material for implant and method of making


A memory device, a memory system, and an operating method of the memory system is provided. The operating method includes operations of transmitting an authentication request to a memory device using a memory controller; converting the authentication request to a first address using the memory device; processing authentication data that corresponds to the first address and indicates a physical characteristic of the memory device and transmitting the authentication data as an authentication response to the authentication request to the memory controller using the memory device; and verifying whether the authentication response received from the memory device is an authentication response to the authentication request using the memory controller.

The present disclosure relates to a memory device, a memory system, and an operating method of the memory system, and more particularly, to a memory device, a memory system, and an operating method of the memory system that allow reliable communication to be performed between the memory device and a memory controller.
Due to development of the Internet and networks, security at a random device has become important. In particular, since personal information and financial transactions are frequently done through the Internet and networks, there is a need to protect access to a memory device that stores various types of information.

Memory device, memory system, and operating method of memory system


This patent describes a solution of ethyllithium in dibutyl ether, a non-pyrophoric solution of ethyllithium in dibutyl ether in a concentration of 7 to 8%, a non-pyrophoric solution of ethyllithium in dibutyl ether and in a hydrocarbon in a concentration of 2 to 8%, process for preparing the solutions and the use of the solutions.

This invention relates to a solution of ethyllithium in dibutyl ether.
Ethyllithium (EtLi) is one of the alkyl lithiums. These are used as starters in anionic polymerisation and in preparative organic synthesis. There they are employed as alkylating agents or, because of their strongly basic character, are used for producing carbanions, which can be reacted with a multitude of electrophilic reagents. (Houben-Weyl, Methoden der Organischen Chemie, Thieme Verlag, Volume XIII/1, 1970; Wakefield, B. J., The Chemistry of Organolithium Compounds, Pergamon Press, London, 1974; Organolithium Methods, Academic Press, London, 1988; Brandsma, L., Preparative Polar Organometallic Chemistry, Vol. 1, 1987, and Vol. 2, 1990, Springer Verlag; M. Schlosser et al., Organometallics in Synthesis, 1994, John Wiley and Sons, Sussex).
The preparation of alkyl lithiums according to the equation
2 Li+Rxe2x80x94Halxe2x86x92Rxe2x80x94Li+Lixe2x80x94Hal
goes back to K. Ziegler (K. Ziegler, H. Colonius, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 476, 135, 1930). The synthesis can be carried out both in hydrocarbons (Gilman, H. et al., JACS, 63, 2479, 1941) and in ethers (Gilman H., JACS, 71, 1499, 1949).
The use of ethers as solvents is extremely limited here because, with the exception of the case of methyllithium in diethyl ether, the alkyl lithium attacks the ether, with the resulting decomposition of the alkyl lithium and cleavage of the ether. (A. Maercker, Ang. Chem. 99, 1002, 1987). For ethyllithium in diethyl ether, the half life period was found to be 54 hours at 25xc2x0 C. and 17 hours at 35xc2x0 C. (T. L. Brown et al., JACS, 88, 2174, 1966). In the case of ethyllithium in tetrahydrofuran (THF), the decomposition of THF by ethyllithium with the formation of ethene and Li ethenolate already takes place at xe2x88x9220xc2x0 C. (A. Rembaum et al., J. Polym. Sci. 56, p. 17, 1962).
Ethereal solutions of ethyllithium are produced in situ as required. A commercial preparation and provision of these solutions has not hitherto been possible.
The possibility of using hydrocarbons as solvents for ethyllithium has hitherto been extremely limited, because the solubility of ethyllithium is very low owing to the small alkyl group (solubility in hexane: 2%, in toluene: 4%, in benzene: 5%) and such dilute solutions are uneconomic. Furthermore, a solution of ethyllithium in toluene has the disadvantage that toluene is metalated by ethyllithium. Benzene is hardly suitable as a solvent because of its carcinogenic properties.
Attempts have been made to bring EtLi into solution by complexing with other Li-alkyls, with the aim of producing more highly concentrated ethyllithium solutions (Weiner, West, JACS, 85, 4856, 1963). A disadvantage of such solutions is the presence of other alkyl groups, which make these solutions unsuitable for the introduction of the ethyl group. There have also been attempts to complex EtLi with Li ethoxide and thus to stabilise it (Brown, T. L., JACS, 88, 2174, 1966). Here the altered reactivity of the EtLi is a disadvantage.
The object of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of prior art and, in particular, to provide a relatively stable solution of ethyllithium, without other alkyl groups, having an EtLi concentration of up to 15% (% data, unless indicated otherwise, are wt. %). A further object is to provide a process for preparing such an EtLi solution.
This object is achieved by an EtLi solution in dibutyl ether and by a process for preparing such a solution, in which process lithium in dibutyl ether is reacted with ethyl chloride to form ethyllithium.
Surprisingly, it has been found that the EtLi solution according to the invention is relatively stable (see Table 1).
For the loss of active base, a first-order reaction is assumed; for this k=[end concentration(active base)/initial concentration(active base)]xc3x97100/storage time, in days.
The solution of ethyllithium in dibutyl ether is prepared by Ziegler""s method. Here the lithium, for example, in the form of a dispersion in dibutyl ether, is placed in a vessel and reacted by introducing gaseous ethyl chloride. In the case of an approximately 90% conversion, a solution having a content of up to 12% ethyllithium is obtained after filtration. The prepared solution having a maximum content of 12% ethyllithium can be concentrated to 15% by evaporation to small volume under vacuum at room temperature.
Owing to the pyrophoric behaviour of these highly concentrated solutions, it is advisable to adjust commercial solutions to an ethyllithium content of 7 to 8%. This can be effected by directly synthesising a 7 to 8% solution or by diluting a more highly concentrated solution to 7 to 8%. The diluents used can be dibutyl ether, or hydrocarbons (cyclic or acyclic) having 5 to 12 C atoms or aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 12 C atoms. These solutions are then no longer pyrophoric. Solutions of ethyllithium in dibutyl ether and in one or more hydrocarbons contain preferably 5 to 8% ethyllithium.
Lithium is used preferably as granules (for example, having a particle size of up to 3 mm) and particularly preferably in pulverous form (particle size 10 to 500 xcexcm, preferably 10 to 200 xcexcm), with an excess of lithium generally being used. A stoichiometric quantity of 2 mol Li and in addition an excess of 0.02 to 0.5 mol, preferably 0.02 to 0.3 mol, lithium is used per mol ethyl chloride.
The initial concentration is preferably so chosen that the product concentration in the final solution is approximately 8%. As the reaction of lithium with ethyl chloride is exothermic, the reactants are preferably cooled during the conversion in order to trap the heat of reaction and to avoid secondary reactions and decomposition of the product. The maximum reaction temperature is 40xc2x0 C. A reaction temperature of xe2x88x9210xc2x0 C. to +10xc2x0 C. is preferred. The feed rate is so chosen that the heat of reaction is trapped efficiently and excess ethyl chloride does not escape from the reaction mixture. An excessively rapid metering of the ethyl chloride should be avoided, owing to its solubility in dibutyl ether and a possible Wurtz reaction. The lithium chloride formed during the reaction is filtered off at the end of the reaction; the filtered solution is the final product solution or may, as required, be diluted to the desired concentration using dibutyl ether or a hydrocarbon.
The preferred storage temperature of the solution is xe2x88x9220xc2x0 C. to +5xc2x0 C.; a storage temperature of 0xc2x0 C. is particularly preferred.
The subject matter of the invention is explained in more detail below by means of the following Examples.


The system and method of using a debug interface recorder and replay unit for debugging and testing devices of interest such as integrated circuits by using a debug interface buffer controller to receive, record, and replay sequences of instructions to the integrated circuit. This is particularly useful for deployed devices that are difficult or dangerous to access. This is also beneficial for devices that cannot be reached (e.g., after launch). By recording sequences and storing them for later use, and by communicating commands and configuration settings to a device, system maintenance and troubleshooting is accomplished saving valuable time and money without requiring physical access to the device of interest.

Oftentimes integrated circuits, circuit cards and the like, come with pre-loaded or external custom toolsets used to aid in their development, design and verification. These third-party provided toolsets are built with the assumption that the implementation of a particular function is to operate as expected. When this is not the case and the resulting hardware (e.g., integrated circuit) is not demonstrating desired functionality, debugging these toolsets can be extremely difficult and time consuming. Hardware designers typically have to work with the toolkit providers to obtain insight and knowledge to help identify where a particular implementation may have failed.
Current solutions to this issue are often dependent on the cooperation of third parties to aid a hardware designer in hardware debugging. In some cases, a small delivery volume translates to a low priority to these third party providers making the solution unlikely or extremely slow. This puts hardware designers in the position of needing to spend additional resources to become knowledgeable about the toolkits beyond what would otherwise be necessary.
Wherefore it is an object of the present disclosure to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and drawbacks associated with the conventional debugging and programming systems by providing a hardware debug recorder and replay unit.

Debug interface recorder and replay unit

BAE Systems Information and Electronic Systems Integration Inc.


Accessing image data stored in a first storage unit (50) at a first location (1) and a second storage unit (50A) at a second location (1A) is provided by a common server (40) located at location 1. Available imaging data is selected by work stations (60 or 60A) based on the identification data stored in server (40). Selected imaging data is then transferred to a work station from either of the storage units located at the different locations. In case a low speed network is used, transmission of the data from one location to another is facilitated by image transfer servers (80 and 80A).

This invention relates to picture archiving and communications, and more particularly relates to apparatus and methods which provide access to data stored in multiple image storage units at different locations.
Current picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) operate with individual data bases for images, reference data, and so forth, for each individual site or short-term storage (STS) location. While STS's may be linked, such as in large institutions or hospitals having branches and related organizations, the data bases are nevertheless maintained independently and can only be accessed through a network connection between the STS's. As a result, a user must have knowledge of an image or a data location and perform a query of the system in order to locate a desired image or data. The present invention addresses this problem and provides a solution.


A catalyst composition for the polymerization of propylene comprising one or more Ziegler-Natta procatalyst compositions comprising one or more transition metal compounds and one or more esters of aromatic dicarboxylic acid internal electron donors; one or more aluminum containing cocatalysts; and a mixture of two or more different selectivity control agents, said SCA mixture comprising from 1 to 99 percent of one or more esters of one or more aromatic monocarboxylic acids or substituted derivatives thereof, and from 99 to 1 percent of one or more alkoxysilane compounds.

The present invention relates to stereoselective Ziegler-Natta catalyst compositions for use in the polymerization of propylene having improved control over polymerization activity and reactor process continuity through the use of carefully chosen mixtures of selectivity control agents. Ziegler-Natta propylene polymerization catalyst compositions are well known in the art. Typically, these compositions include a transition metal compound, especially a mixed titanium, magnesium and halide containing compound in combination with an internal electron donor (referred to as a procatalyst); a co-catalyst, usually an organoaluminum compound; and a selectivity control agent (SCA). Examples of such Ziegler-Natta catalyst compositions are shown in: U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,107,413; 4,115,319; 4,220,554; 4,294,721; 4,330,649; 4,439,540; 4,442,276; 4,460,701; 4,472,521; 4,540,679; 4,547,476; 4,548,915; 4,562,173; 4,728,705; 4,816,433; 4,829,037; 4,927,797; 4,990,479; 5,028,671; 5,034,361; 5,066,737; 5,066,738; 5,077,357; 5,082,907; 5,106,806; 5,146,028; 5,151,399; 5,153,158; 5,229,342; 5,247,031; 5,247,032 and 5,432,244.
Catalyst compositions designed primarily for the polymerization of propylene or mixtures of propylene and ethylene generally include a selectivity control agent in order to affect polymer properties, especially tacticity or stereoregularity of the polymer backbone. As one indication of the level of tacticity, especially the isotacticity of polypropylene, the quantity of such polymer that is soluble in xylene or similar liquid that is a non-solvent for the tactic polymer is often used. The quantity of polymer that is soluble in xylene is referred to as xylene solubles content or XS. In addition to tacticity control, molecular weight distribution (MWD), melt flow (MF), and other properties of the resulting polymer are affected by use of a SCA as well. It has also been observed that the activity of the catalyst composition as a function of temperature may be affected by the choice of SCA. Often however, a SCA which gives desirable control over one polymer property, is ineffective or detrimental with respect to additional properties or features. Conversely, an SCA that is effective in combination with one procatalyst may not be effective when used in combination with a different procatalyst.
With regard to the temperature dependence of catalyst activity, it is known that the use of certain aromatic carboxylic acid esters, especially ethyl p-ethoxybenzoate (PEEB), in combination with a Ziegler-Natta procatalyst composition containing an ester of an aromatic monocarboxylic acid, exemplified by ethyl benzoate, results in an inherently self-extinguishing catalyst composition with respect to temperature. That is, such compositions are less active at moderately elevated polymerization temperatures, especially temperatures from about 80 to 130° C. Using such compositions, less reactor fouling or sheeting is observed, and run-away reactors due to increased polymerization rates at elevated temperatures, are largely eliminated. Disadvantageously, such catalyst compositions employing aromatic carboxylic acid esters, exemplified by PEEB, tend to possess lower overall polymerization activity and result in the production of polymers having relatively low isotacticities and increased oligomer contents, all of which are generally undesired results. Interestingly, the combination of PEEB with a procatalyst containing a dialkyl ester of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, such as diisobutylphthalate (DIBP) as an internal electron donor generally results in poor polymerization activity and production of polypropylene polymers having low isotacticity (high XS).
In contrast, alkoxysilane SCA's, exemplified by dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane (DCPDMS), methylcyclohexyldimethoxysilane (MCbDMS) and n-propyltrimethoxysilane (NPTMS) generally form isotactic polymers having improved physical properties, when used in combination with an dialkyl ester of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, such as DIBP, as an internal electron donor. Disadvantageously however, these catalyst compositions are not generally self-extinguishing, thereby resulting in polymerization process control problems, especially sheeting and formation of large polymer chunks due to hard to control temperature excursions allowing polymer particles to form agglomerates. For example, the polymerization activity of a typical catalyst composition containing DIBP as internal electron donor with DCPDMS as SCA generally increases as polymerization temperatures rise, especially at temperatures from 67 to 100° C.
Use of mixtures of SCA's in order to adjust polymer properties is known. Examples of prior art disclosures of catalyst compositions making use of mixed SCA's, especially mixtures of silane or alkoxysilane SCA's include: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,100,981, 5,192,732, 5,414,063, 5,432,244, 5,652,303, 5,844,046, 5,849,654, 5,869,418, 6,066,702, 6,087,459, 6,096,844, 6,111,039, 6,127,303, 6,133,385, 6,147,024, 6,184,328, 6,303,698, 6,337,377, WO 95/21203, WO 99/20663, and WO 99/58585. References generally showing mixtures of silanes with monocarboxylic acid ester internal electron donors or other SCA's include: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,432,244, 5,414,063, JP61/203,105, and EP-A-490,451.
Despite the advances occasioned by the foregoing disclosures, there remains a need in the art to provide an aromatic dicarboxylic acid ester internal electron donor containing Ziegler-Natta catalyst composition for the polymerization of olefins, wherein the catalyst composition retains the advantages of alkoxysilane SCA containing catalyst compositions with regard to polymer properties but additionally possesses improved temperature/activity properties. Especially desired are such compositions that are inherently self-extinguishing with regard to catalyst activity as a function of temperature, thereby leading to reduced polymer agglomerate formation and improved polymerization process control.

Self limiting catalyst composition with dicarboxylic acid ester internal donor and propylene polymerization process


A digital data processing apparatus has plural processing cells, each with a memory element that stores data page made up of plural subpages. At least one of the cells includes a CPU that can request access to a data subpage. A memory manager responds to selected data access requests by (i) allocating, within the memory local to the requesting CPU, exclusive physical storage space for a data page associated with the requested subpage, and (ii) storing the requested subpage in that allocated space. The apparatus recombines data pages and deallocates them on the basis of usage and access state. The apparatus also accesses data asynchronously with respect to execution of instructions by the CPU.

This invention relates to digital data processing systems and, more particularly, to multiprocessing systems with distributed hierarchical memory architectures.
The art provides a number of configurations for coupling the processing units of multiprocessing systems. Among the earlier designs, processing units that shared data stored in system memory banks were coupled to those banks via high-bandwidth shared buses or switching networks. During periods of heavy usage, bottlenecks were likely to develop as multiple processing units simultaneously contended for access to the shared data.
In order to minimize the risk of formation of transmission bottlenecks, distributed memory systems were developed coupling individual processing units with local memory elements to form semi-autonomous processing cells. To achieve the benefits of multiprocessing, some of the more recently designed systems established cell communications through utilization of hierarchical architectures.
The distributed memory systems, however, permit multiple copies of single data items to reside within multiple processing cells; hence, it is difficult insure that all processing cells maintain identical copies of like data elements. Conventional efforts to resolve this problem, i.e., to preserve data coherency, rely upon software oriented techniques utilizing complex signalling mechanisms.
To avoid processing and signalling overhead associated with these software oriented solutions, Frank et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,622,631, discloses a multiprocessing system in which a plurality of processors, each having an associated private memory, or cache, share data contained in a main memory element. Data within that common memory is partitioned into blocks, each of which can be owned by any one of the main memory and the plural processors. The current owner of a data block is said to have the correct data for that block.
A hierarchical approach is disclosed by Wilson Jr. et al, United Kingdom Patent Application No. 2,178,205, wherein a multiprocessing system is said to include distributed cache memory elements coupled with one another over a first bus. A second, higher level cache memory, attached to the first bus and to either a still higher level cache or to the main system memory, retains copies of every memory location in the caches below it. The still higher level caches, if any, and system main memory, in turn, retain copies of each memory location of cache below them. The Wilson Jr. et al processors are understood to transmit modified copies of data from their own dedicated caches to associated higher level caches and to the system main memory, while concurrently signalling other caches to invalidate their own copies of that newly-modified data.
Notwithstanding the solutions proposed by Frank et al and Wilson Jr. et al proposal, data coherency and bus contention remain significant problems facing both designers and users of multiprocessing systems. With respect to Wilson Jr. et al, for example, these problems may be attributed, at least in part, to the requirement that data in main memory must always be updated to reflect permanent modifications introduced to the data elements by each of the processors in the system. moreover, neither of the proposed designs is capable of supporting more than a limited number of processing units. This restriction in "scalability" arises from a requirement of both the Wilson Jr. et al and Frank et al systems that the size of main memory must increase to accommodate each additional processor.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide an improved multiprocessing system with improved data coherency, as well as reduced latency and bus contention. A further object is to provide a multiprocessing system with unlimited scalability.
Other objects of the invention are to provide a physically distributed memory multiprocessing system which requires little or no software overhead to maintain data coherency, as well as to provide a multiprocessing system with increased bus bandwidth and improved synchronization.

Shared memory multiprocessor system and method of operation thereof


The image capturing system includes: a fixed image capturing unit fixedly installed at a predetermined position; a three-dimensional image information storage section for storing a three-dimensional image of the region including the fixed image capturing unit; an image comparison section for comparing a portable captured image captured by a portable image capturing section held by a user with the three-dimensional image stored by the three-dimensional image information storage unit; a position determination section for determining the position and the orientation of the user holding the portable image capturing section based on the comparison result by the image comparison section; and a guiding information presentation section for presenting information for guiding the user to set the user in the frame of a fixed captured image captured by the fixed image capturing unit. The guiding information presentation section transmits information for guiding the user to a portable unit having the portable image capturing section to cause the portable unit to output the information.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image capturing system, an image capturing method and a program, particularly relates to an image capturing system for guiding users, an image capturing method and a program for the image capturing system.
2. Related Art
Generally, as a system for capturing images of users using the camera installed in such a theme park, a system in which images are captured by a camera according to an instruction from a shutter device held by the user is known as described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2003-78804, for example. In the system, an alarm tone is generated from the shutter device held by the user when the user arrived at around the snapping spot of the camera installed in such as a flower garden. After perceiving the alarm tone, the user pushes the shutter button of the shutter device to capture an image using the camera. Thereby the user can capture the image using the camera at the desired shutter timing.
However, in such system, a user can not easily recognize the snapping spot until the user arrives at around the snapping spot. Additionally, when a user wants to take a picture against a background of the whole notable building in a theme park, the user can not correctly know whether the user is on the position allowing the user to capture an image with the best composition in the snapping point, for example. Therefore, the notable building to set the user in the frame of the background may be hidden by the user depending on the user's position. Then, the user can not easily capture the image with the desired composition.

User guiding apparatus and an image capturing system, method and program for using same


Disclosed herein are a system and method for transferring voice messages. The system includes a voice message server. When a voice message and called terminal information are transmitted from a calling terminal, the voice message server stores the voice message, searches for a connection mute to the called terminal with reference to the called terminal information, and transmits a reception request signal to the called terminal. Furthermore, when the called terminal responds to the reception request signal, the voice message server reproduces the voice message. Furthermore, when the called terminal does not respond to the reception request signal and the reception request signal is forwarded to a different receiving object, the voice message server checks whether the route of the reception request signal has been changed and interrupts the transmission of the voice message. Accordingly, an additional communication charge may be avoided.

With the development of wired/wireless communication technology, the number of wired Internet users and mobile communication service subscribers are increasing daily. One of the advantages of these communication services is that information can be exchanged and conversations held using a variety of means, such as electronic (e)-mail, messenger service, a character message, or a voice mailbox, without a face-to-face meeting between individuals.
In particular, the voice mailbox service is a service in which a mobile communication system connects a calling terminal to a voice mailbox and allows the calling terminal to record a voice message when an originator attempts a call to a mobile communication terminal but the power of the called terminal is such that the called terminal cannot respond to it. When the called terminal becomes capable of responding to a call, the mobile communication system notifies the called terminal that a voice message has arrived, so that the called terminal may connect to a voice mailbox and a user may listen to the stored voice.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a general voice mailbox service method.
A mobile communication system 200 includes: Base Transceiver Systems (BTSs) 210 and 220 for communicating with mobile communication terminals 10 and 20 in a wireless region; a Base Station Controller (BSC) 230 for managing a plurality of BTSs; a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) 240 connected to the BSC 230 to exchange calls, and connected to a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 600 to enable a connection between a wired telephone 700 and a mobile communication terminal 10 or between a wired telephone 700 and a mobile communication terminal 20; a Home Location Register 250 connected to the MSC 240 to manage mobile communication service subscriber information, location information, and information related to supplementary services; a Packet Data Service Node (PDSN) 260 connected to the BSC 230 to enable packet data service; and a Data Core Network (DCN) 270 for connecting the mobile communication system 200 and the Internet 400. Furthermore, the MSC 240 is connected to a Voice Message Service (VMS) center 280.
In the mobile communication system, when a mobile communication terminal user transmits a voice call, the HLR 250 checks a routing path to a called terminal with reference to a called terminal number, and requests a call setup from a called MSC, and the called MSC transmits a paging signal to the called terminal. If the called terminal does not respond to the paging signal within a predetermined time, the called MSC switches the connection with the called terminal to a VMS center 280 and, as a result, a call is set up between the railing mobile communication terminal 10 and the VMS center 280.
Accordingly, the VMS center 280 transmits a guidance announcement, to enable a voice message to be recorded in the calling terminal and, thus, allows the voice message to be input from the calling terminal 10. The message is stored while matching the input voice message to the called terminal number, and the called terminal is notified that a voice message has been received. Thereafter, when the called terminal, which is provided with notification about the reception of the voice message, is connected to the VMS center 280, the VMS center 280 transmits the voice message, which has been stored in the VMS center 280, to the called terminal.
That is, the current voice message service, which is provided when the called mobile communication terminal cannot respond to an incoming call, is disadvantageous in that an originator must record a voice message even when it is not desired, and a recipient must pay an additional communication charge to check voice messages.
To solve these problems, a service, which transmits a paging signal from a mobile communication network to the called terminal when an originator inputs a called terminal number along with a specific symbol and then inputs a voice message, and causes the voice message, which is input by an originator, to be reproduced when the called terminal responds to the paging signal service, is being researched. However, even with the voice message transmission service, if the called terminal is powered off or is using other communication services, or a called terminal user does not respond, a reception request signal from the mobile communication network is forwarded to the VMS center 280. Accordingly, a recipient must connect with the VMS center 280 and check voice messages. As a result, this case is problematic in that a process of checking a voice message is inconvenient and an additional communication charge must be paid, like the conventional voice mailbox service.

System and method for transferring voice messages


Embodiments of the present solution provide a cloud bridge to bring network transparency between the otherwise disparate networks of the datacenter and cloud service provider. For example, appliances may be deployed in the datacenter and on the edge of the cloud. These appliances may be configured or designed and constructed to communicate with each other and recognize and understand the local IP and/or public IP network information of the on-premise datacenter of the enterprise and the cloud datacenter. These appliances may manage the flow of network traffic between the on-premise and cloud datacenters in a manner to appear and act seamlessly and transparently as a single network spanning both the on-premise and cloud data centers.

Enterprise organizations may want to take advantage of cloud computing but do not want to give up their own datacenters. This suggests a hybrid cloud strategy that is a mix of both public and private clouds. There are a few challenges that must be addressed to succeed with a hybrid cloud: A first challenge is application complexity. Enterprise applications commonly depend on shared services, including directories and databases, which reside in the on-premise datacenter. These applications should work in the cloud without migrating or duplicating the shared services. A second challenge is IT silos. While the on-premise datacenter and the cloud represent distinct infrastructure environments, it may difficult not create duplicate tools, processes or teams. A third challenge is secure, private connectivity. Incompatible network policies, unaligned IP address ranges and more must be overcome to allow applications to span on-premise and cloud environments.

Systems and methods for cloud bridging between intranet resources and cloud resources


An optical transmitter relaxes the tolerance between a source assembly and a fiber receptacle to facilitate passive alignment. The source assembly includes a light source and a lens. The lens is held at a fixed distance away from the light source using precise support structures typically formed by photolithographic processes. The fiber receptacle includes an optical element. The fiber receptacle is adapted to hold an optical fiber at a fixed distance from the optical element. The lens substantially collimates light from the light source into the form of collimated light. The optical element focuses the collimated light onto the aperture of the optical fiber.

In a fiber optic system, a light source emits light pulses that travel through optical fibers to transmit data. The light source and the optical fiber must be accurately aligned to maximize the coupling efficiency. The coupling efficiency is a measurement of how much light transmitted by the light source is actually received by the optical fiber.
One of the methods used to achieve alignment between the light source and the optical fiber is known as active alignment. In active alignment, the light source is turned on while its aperture is aligned to the receiving end of the optical fiber. The light source and receiving end of the optical fiber are adjusted while the transmitting end of the optical fiber is monitored by a light detector. The light detector measures the amount of light passing through the optical fiber. When the light received is at its maximum, the light source and the optical fiber are at an optimal alignment, at which point the optical fiber and light source are fixed into place.
Active alignment is time consuming and therefore expensive. Thus, it is desirable to produce components that can be aligned in assembly without turning on the light source or using a light detector. Such a process is known as passive alignment.
Passive alignment has its own drawbacks. The apertures of the light source and the optical fibers are very small, and the focal lengths of the lenses impose their own strict requirements on the location of each component. For example, FIG. 1 shows a prior art optical system 51. The prior art optical system 51 includes a light source 53, coupling optics 55, and an optical fiber 57. In conventional optical transmitters, the coupling optics 55 is a single unit having a first lens surface 59 and a second lens surface 61. The first lens surface 59 has a focal length of F1. The second lens surface 61 has a focal length of F2. The coupling optics 55 receives light from the light source 53 and focuses it onto the optical fiber 57. To achieve this, the optical axis of the light source 53 must be aligned with the optical axis of the first lens surface 59, and the optical axis of the second lens surface 61 must be aligned with the optical axis of the optical fiber 57. Furthermore, the light source 53 must be at a distance F1 from the first lens surface 59. Finally, the optical fiber 57 must also be at a distance F2 from the second lens surface 61.
The requirements of prior art optical system 51 leave very little tolerance during passive alignment. Consequently, expensive precision instruments are required to carefully measure, position, and place each component such that the light from the light source will be focused exactly on the target aperture of an optical fiber. Therefore, it is desirable to produce components that have greater tolerance so that passive alignment can be achieved with greater ease.

Large tolerance fiber optic transmitter and receiver

Avago Technologies Fiber IP (Singapore) Pte. Ltd


The invention relates to dimeric copper(I) complexes according to formula A, in particular as emitters in optoelectronic devices such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and other devices

Currently, new processes win recognition in the field of visual display and lighting technology. It will be possible to manufacture flat displays or illuminated surfaces having a thickness of less than 0.5 mm. These are notable for many fascinating properties. For example, it will be possible to achieve illuminated surfaces in the form of wallpaper with very low energy consumption. It is also of particular interest that color visual display units will be producible with hitherto unachievable colorfastness, brightness and viewing angle independence, with low weight and with very low power consumption. It will be possible to configure the visual display units as micro-displays or large visual display units of several square meters in area in rigid form or flexibly, or else as transmission or reflection displays. In addition, it will be possible to use simple and cost-saving production processes such as screen printing or inkjet printing. This will enable very inexpensive manufacture compared to conventional flat visual display units. This new technology is based on the principle of the OLEDs, the organic light-emitting diodes. Furthermore, through the use of specific organometallic materials (molecules), many new optoelectronic applications are on the horizon, for example in the field of organic solar cells, organic field-effect transistors, organic photodiodes, etc.
Particularly for the OLED sector, it is apparent that such devices are already now of economic significance, since mass production of OLED displays for mobile phones has already started. Such OLEDs consist predominantly of organic layers, which can also be manufactured flexibly and inexpensively. Worth pointing out is that OLED components can be configured with large areas as illumination bodies, but also in small form as pixels for displays.
Compared to conventional technologies, for instance liquid-crystal displays (LCDs), plasma displays or cathode ray tubes (CRTs), OLEDs have numerous advantages, such as a low operating voltage of a few volts, a thin structure of only a few hundred nm, high-efficient self-illuminating pixels, high contrast and good resolution, and the possibility of representing all colors. In addition, in an OLED, light is produced directly upon application of electrical voltage, rather than merely being modulated.
A review of the function of OLEDs can be found, for example, in H. Yersin, Top. Curr. Chem. 2004, 241, 1 and H. Yersin, "Highly Efficient OLEDs with Phosphorescent Materials"; Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2008.
Since the first reports regarding OLEDs (see, for example, Tang et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 1987, 51, 913), these devices have been developed further particularly with regard to the emitter materials used, and particular interest has been attracted in the last few years by what are called triplet emitters or by other phosphorescent emitters.
OLEDs are generally implemented in layer structures. For better understanding, FIG. 1 shows a basic structure of an OLED. Owing to the application of external voltage to a transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) anode and a thin metal cathode, the anode injects positive holes, and the cathode negative electrons. These differently charged charge carriers pass through intermediate layers, which may also consist of hole or electron blocking layers not shown here, into the emission layer. The oppositely charged charge carriers meet therein at or close to doped emitter molecules, and recombine. The emitter molecules are generally incorporated into matrix molecules or polymer matrices (in, for example, 2 to 10% by weight), the matrix materials being selected so as also to enable hole and electron transport. The recombination gives rise to excitons (=excited states), which transfer their excess energy to the respective electroluminescent compound. This electroluminescent compound can then be converted to a particular electronic excited state, which is then converted very substantially and with substantial avoidance of radiationless deactivation processes to the corresponding ground state by emission of light.
With a few exceptions, the electronic excited state, which can also be formed by energy transfer from a suitable precursor exciton, is either a singlet or triplet state, consisting of three sub-states. Since the two states are generally occupied in a ratio of 1:3 on the basis of spin statistics, the result is that the emission from the singlet state, which is referred to as fluorescence, leads to maximum emission of only 25% of the excitons produced. In contrast, triplet emission, which is referred to as phosphorescence, exploits and converts all excitons and emits them as light (triplet harvesting) such that the internal quantum yield in this case can reach the value of 100%, provided that the additionally excited singlet state, which is above the triplet state in terms of energy, relaxes fully to the triplet state (intersystem crossing, ISC), and radiationless competing processes remain insignificant. Thus, triplet emitters, according to the current state of the art, are more efficient electroluminophores and are better suitable for ensuring a high light yield in an organic light-emitting diode.
The triplet emitters suitable for triplet harvesting transition metal complexes are generally used in which the metal is selected from the third period of the transition metals. This predominantly involves very expensive noble metals such as iridium, platinum and also gold (see also H. Yersin, Top. Curr. Chem. 2004, 241, 1 and M. A. Baldo, D. F. O'Brien, M. E. Thompson, S. R. Forrest, Phys. Rev. B 1999, 60, 14422). The prime reason for this is the high spin-orbit-coupling (SOC) of noble metal central ions (SOC constants Ir(III): ≈4000 cm−1; Pt(II): ≈4500 cm−1; Au(I): ≈5100 cm−1; Ref.: S. L. Murov, J. Carmicheal, G. L. Hug, Handbook of Photochemistry, 2nd Edition, Marcel Dekker, New York 1993, p. 338 ff). Due to this quantum mechanical characteristic, the triplet-singlet transition, which is without SOC strictly forbidden for optical transitions, is allowed and an emission decay time of a few μs, small enough for OLED applications, is achieved.
Economically, it would be highly advantageous to replace the expensive noble metals with less expensive metals. Moreover, a large number of OLED emitter materials known to date are ecologically problematic, so that the use of less toxic materials is desirable. Copper(I) complexes are to be considered for this, for example. However, these have much smaller SOC values (SOC constants of Cu(I): ≈850 cm−1, Ref.: S. L. Murov, J. Carmicheal, G. L. Hug, Handbook of Photochemistry, 2nd Edition, Marcel Dekker, New York 1993, p. 338 ff) than the central ions mentioned above. Therefore, the very important triplet-singlet-transitions of Cu(I)-complexes would be relatively strongly forbidden, and emission lifetimes, which are in the range of a few 100 μs to ms, would be too long for use in OLEDs. Such high emission decay times give rise to saturation effects with increasing current densities and the resulting occupation of a majority or of all emitter molecules. Consequently, further charge carrier streams can no longer lead completely to the occupation of the excited and emitting states. The result is then more unwanted ohmic losses. This leads to a distinct decline in efficiency of the OLED device with rising current density (called "roll-off" behavior). The effects of triplet-triplet annihilation and of self-quenching are similarly unfavorable (see, for example, H. Yersin, "Highly Efficient OLEDs with Phosphorescent Materials", Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2008 and S. R. Forrest et al., Phys. Rev. B 2008, 77, 235215). For instance, disadvantages are found particularly in the case of use of such emitters for OLED illuminations where a high luminance, for example of more than 1000 cd/m2, is required (cf.: J. Kido et al. Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 2007, 46, L10). Furthermore, molecules in electronically excited states are frequently more chemically reactive than in ground states so that the likelihood of unwanted chemical reactions increases with the length of the emission lifetime. The occurrence of such unwanted chemical reactions has a negative effect on the lifetime of the device.
Furthermore, Cu(I)-complexes generally undergo strong geometry changes after the excitation (through electron-hole recombination or through optical excitation) which leads to the reduction of emission quantum yields. Also, the emission colors are shifted due to these processes towards red, which is unwanted.
It was the object of the present invention to provide new materials that do not exhibit the disadvantages described above.

Singlet harvesting with dual-core copper (I) complexes for optoelectronic devices

Abstract: wherein:    Cu: Cu(I),    X: Cl, Br, I, SCN, CN, and/or alkynyl and    P∩N: a phosphine ligand substituted with a N-heterocycle.