A passive latch system for matable connector housings, one of which has at least one working surface depressed and sloping from a reference surface thereof to form part of a latching aperture and the other of which has at least one working surface raised and sloping from a reference surface thereof to form part of a latching projection, is characterized in that the sloped working surface also is tapered, and, optionally, inclined.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a passive latching system for connector housings.
2. Description of the Prior Art
As connectors get smaller the force required to withdraw a terminal mounted in a first connector housing from a mated terminal mounted in another connector housing is reduced. Concomittant with this reduction in the withdrawal force is the need to provide a supplementary holding force that assists in retaining the housings together. Passive latch systems have been useful for this purpose in situations, as in small connectors, where space availability is at a premium.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,787,860 (Bender); 4,900,263 (Manessero et al.); 4,925,398 (Samejima et al.); and 4,938,710 (Aihara et al.) each exemplify a passive latching system for connecting a pair of connectors. Shown in FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the basic functional elements of a passive latching system useful to interconnect a first connector housing H.sub.1 with a second connector housing H.sub.2. The housings H.sub.1 and H.sub.2, which generally represent any two connector housings, are inserted into mated relationship in the direction of the arrow M (latching direction) and withdrawn from the mated relationship in the direction of the arrow W (unlatching direction).
The passive latching system includes a projection P mounted on the housing H.sub.1. The projection P is received in a complementary aperture A formed in the housing H.sub.2. The projection P is defined above a reference surface R.sub.1 on the housing H.sub.1 by raised working surfaces S.sub.p1, S.sub.p2. The surface S.sub.p1 forms a sloped lead-in ramp while the surface S.sub.p2 defines a sloped exit ramp. The slopes are taken in the x-z plane and are defined with respect to the reference surface R.sub.1. These slopes are indicated by the respective characters m.sub.in, m.sub.e. The slopes need not necesarily be equal. The projection P may take any of a variety of forms and may include the flat surface S.sub.p3, if desired. The edge between the working surface S.sub.p2 and the reference surface R.sub.1 is indicated by the character E.sub.p. The free edge of the surface S.sub.p2 lies a distance h above the surface R.sub.1.
In complementary fashion the aperture A is defined by a depression extending below a reference surface R.sub.2 formed on the housing H.sub.2. (In FIG. 1 the reference surface R.sub.1 is defined on what appears as the "top" of the member indicated as H.sub.1 while the reference surface R.sub.2 is defined on what appears as the "bottom" of the member indicated as H.sub.2. The relative position of the members H.sub.1, H.sub.2 may be inverted, if desired.) The aperture A is defined by a plurality of surfaces, at least one of which defines a working surface S.sub.a. The aperture of which the surface S.sub.a forms a part may take a variety of forms, including an enclosed recess as illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2B through 2G, 3D through 3I, 4A and 4B, or a partially enclosed slot, as illustrated in FIGS. 4C and 4D. The edge between the working surface S.sub.a and the reference surface R.sub.2 is indicated by the character E.sub.a. It is noted that the edges E.sub.p and E.sub.a extend perpendicular to the latching direction M (and to the unlatching direction W).
As the housing H.sub.1 is advanced into the housing H.sub.2 (in the direction of the arrow M) the lead-in ramp formed by the working surface S.sub.p1 on the housing H.sub.1 lifts the reference surface R.sub.2 on the housing H.sub.2. The housing H.sub.1 is advanced until the projection P enters into aperture A. The working surface S.sub.a then snaps behind the raised working surface S.sub.p2 thus latching the housing H.sub.1 to the housing H.sub.2. An audible clicking sound usually accompanies the latching of the housings.
When the parts are to be separated the process is reversed. The housings H.sub.1 and H.sub.2 are relatively moved in the direction of the withdrawal arrow W (unlatching direction). In this instance the portion of the raised working surface S.sub.p2 along the edge E.sub.p thereof engages along a line of contact with the edge E.sub.a of the aperture A in the housing H.sub.2. The line of contact between the working surface S.sub.p2 and the edge E.sub.a exists over a length portion D (shown as measured along the reference surface R.sub.1) during the withdrawal of the housings. Thus, a relatively substantial force acting in the direction of the arrow W may be required to lift the reference surface R.sub.2 as the housings are withdrawn from each other.
In view of the foregoing it is believed advantageous to provide a passive latching system that requires a reduced withdrawal force to separate the mated housings.

Passive connector latch with camming action


A method of testing a plurality of devices, such as hard disk drives, in response to a random request by checking whether hard disk drive have been loaded, and sequentially allocating one test thread for each loaded hard disk drive. Each allocated thread performs a series of test job operations one by one when called and required for testing the loaded hard disk drive, and records a test status of each hard disk drive whenever one job operation of the test by the test thread is terminated to allow a next test thread to refer to the recorded test status. Each hard disk drive is tested according to a time required to test that hard disk drive.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of testing a hard disk drive, and more particularly, to an improved method of testing a plurality of hard disk drives that are randomly loaded or unloaded and a computer readable medium therefor.
2. Description of the Related Art
As is generally known, a hard disk drive (HDD) combines and includes a head disk assembly (HDA) made up of mechanical components, and a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) made up of circuit components. An HDD is generally used as a complementary memory device in which a head hovers a minute distance above a turning magnetic disk, data is magnetically recorded on or read from the disk, and a large volume of data can be accessed at a high speed.
HDDs are generally manufactured through a mechanical assembly process, a servo write process, a function test process, and a burn-in test process, and are then put through a post process which is like a final test process to confirm whether an HDD set that passed the burn-in test process was normally settled with defect processing. A process of manufacturing an HDD will now be described in detail. First, the mechanical assembly process is a process of assembling an HDA from mechanical components, and is usually performed in a clean room. The servo write process, performed second, is a process of recording a servo write pattern for servo control of an actuator on a disk, and is usually performed by a servo writer. The function test process, performed third, combines the HDA produced in the mechanical assembly process with the PCBA, and tests whether they match properly and operate together normally. In the function test process, the combination of the HDA and the PCBA is combined with a specific test system and put through a basic test for about 20 to 25 minutes. The burn-in test process, performed fourth, is the process that takes the longest time (usually 8 to 16 hours) in the manufacture of an HDD. In the burn-in test process, any defects on the disk are found and corrected.
The final test process, performed fifth, is a process to confirm whether an HDD set which passed the above-described burn-in test process was normally settled with defect processing, and tests the defect processing status of every HDD set using the specific test system. The final test process connects each HDD to a separate test computer and performs tests. Each test computer is connected to a host computer over a local area network (LAN), tests a connected HDD according to a test program, and outputs the results to the host computer. The host computer displays status data input from each test computer on a display unit, and an operator decides success or failure while monitoring the status data. HDDs that pass the final test process are shipped as finished products through a shipment test process, a packing and shipping process, etc.
Since, as described above, the burn-in test process takes the longest time in manufacturing an HDD, a burn-in testing apparatus is needed which can reliably test as many HDDs as possible in a limited time and in a limited space. Conventional testing apparatuses are disclosed in Korean Patent Publication No.1997-76738 (Dec. 12, 1997), Korean Patent Publication No. 1998-35445 (Aug. 5, 1998), Korean Patent Publication No. 1999-60619 (Jul. 26, 1999), Korean Patent Publication No. 1999-65516 (Aug. 5,1999), U.S. Pat. No. 6,434,498 (Aug. 13, 2002), U.S. Pat. No. 6,208,477 (Mar. 27, 2001), and U.S. Pat. No. 6,434,499 (Aug. 13, 2002).
FIG. 1 shows the exterior of a conventional hard disk drive testing apparatus disclosed in Korean Patent Publication 1997-76738, filed by Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., assignee of the present Application. Referring to FIG. 1, a burn-in chamber 30 where HDDs are stacked is located in the front, and a control chamber 40, which is made up of lined-up power cards, is located in the rear of the HDD testing apparatus 200 and separated from the control chamber 30 by a partition 80. The power cards control the supply of power to each HDD stacked in the burn-in chamber 30, and to 20 to 24 test computers 50. Typically, each test computer 50 controls and monitors (tests) 6 HDDs.
A power distribution unit installed at an end of the control chamber 40 distributes power to the power cards and a host computer which manages the test computers 50 and receives input/output instructions from a manager. Meanwhile, a DC power supply installed at the other end of the control chamber 40 supplies power to the HDDs to be tested. Also, a display unit and a keyboard (not shown) are attached at one end of the burn-in chamber 30 for user interface, and heaters & blowers are installed at both ends of the burn-in chamber 30 for keeping a high temperature in the burn-in chamber 30.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram which shows the internal configuration of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1. Referring to FIG. 2, in the HDD testing apparatus 200 shown in FIG. 1, one host computer 600 and 20 to 24 test computers 612 through 618 are connected through a first control bus 660, and three dual channel IDE adapters 622, 624, and 626 are also connected to each test computer 612–618 through a second control bus 630. Also, two HDDs (HDD pairs of 642–644, 646–648, and 650–652) are connected to each dual channel IDE adapter 622, 624, and 626, respectively.
After booting the host computer 600, the host computer 600 sets up a communication network with the test computers 612 through 618 through the first control bus 660. The first control bus 660 may be implemented with a typical LAN. The test computers 612 through 618 are booted through the first control bus 660 to execute the test program and form a communication channel between the test computers 612 through 618 and the host computer 600. When the communication channel between the test computers 612 through 618 and the host computer 600 is formed, the host computer 600 receives status information from each of the test computers 612 through 618, displays the status on the screen of the display unit, and controls the temperature inside the burn-in chamber 30 using the heater.
When HDDs to be tested are inserted into the burn-in chamber 30 of the HDD testing apparatus 200, the test computers 612 through 618 detect installation of the HDD, for example, the HDD 652, and upload test codes and scripts to the HDDs via the dual channel IDE adapter 626. After this, the test computers 612 through 618 monitor the test results or the progress status through the IDE interface and transfer the data to the host computer 600, which then displays the test results or progress status on the screen of the display unit.
The conventional testing apparatus 200 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a structure which connects each test computer to 6 HDDs, and thus is more efficient than prior 1 to 1 test methods. However, the testing apparatus 200 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 uneconomically still requires 20 to 24 test computers. These test computers require a control chamber 40 of considerable size to house them. Also, because 3 expensive dual IDE adapters per test computer need to be installed, the testing apparatus 200 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is not significantly cheaper to build and implement than prior 1 to 1 test apparatuses. Also, there is a significant possibility of error generation, because, as shown in FIG. 2, the host computer 600 is connected to the test computers 612–618 through a three tier complex communication structure (i.e., the typical communication structure connecting one computer to another computer), and each of the test computers 612–618 again control the HDDs via another communication structure, which is the dual IDE adapters. Accordingly, because of the complex communication structure, it is also difficult to debug the system when an error occurs. Moreover, if the interface standard of the HDDs is changed, all IDE adapters must be replaced and the test program loaded in the test computers 612–618 must be modified.
Further, the time required for testing a hard disk drive varies depending on the type of the hard disk drive tested or on whether it has a defect. The testing efficiency of a hard disk drive also depends on the testing method.
More particularly, in the simplest testing method, an equal amount of time is assigned to a plurality of hard disk drives in consideration of the maximum test time allowed for a single hard disk drive. However, this method is not productive, because there can be unnecessary time consumption from the end of testing the first hard disk drive to the end of testing the last hard disk drive.
Therefore, a more efficient method of testing a plurality of hard disk drives in which each hard disk drive can be randomly loaded or unloaded is needed.

Method of testing hard disk drive and computer readable medium therefor


Disclosed herein are a copper clad laminate, a printed circuit board, and a method of manufacturing the same. The copper clad laminate includes: an insulating layer having one surface and the other surface; and first and second copper foil layers having one surface, which is a smooth surface, and the other surface, which is a rough surface having a roughness larger than that of the smooth surface, respectively, wherein one surface of the insulating layer contacts the rough surface of the first copper foil layer and the other surface of the insulating layer contacts the smooth surface of the second copper foil layer.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a copper clad laminate, a printed circuit board, and a method of manufacturing the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, a trend toward multifunctionalization and a speed increase of electronic products has rapidly progressed. In accordance with this trend, a semiconductor chip and a printed circuit board on which the semiconductor chip is mounted have also been developed at a very rapid speed. In the printed circuit board as described above, thinness and lightness, fine circuit implementation, excellent electrical characteristics, high reliability, a high speed signal transfer, and the like, are demanded.
Meanwhile, according to the prior art, a core substrate preventing a warpage phenomenon of the printed circuit board by inserting a core layer thereinto has been mainly used. However, the core substrate has problems such as a thick thickness and a long signal processing period. Therefore, in order to keep up with thinness in accordance with the development of the printed circuit board, a coreless substrate capable of decreasing the entire thickness and a signal processing period by removing a core layer has been spotlighted (US Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2010-0096177).

Copper clad laminate, printed circuit board, and method of manufacturing the same


The present invention provides a method and apparatus for providing conferencing services in a converged services platform operable to perform a variety of enhanced telecommunications services. The advanced conferencing algorithm embodying the invention incorporates techniques in each of four signal processing categories including noise gating, echo suppression, automatic gain control and DTMF clamping are employed to produce a high perceptual quality conference output for a conference of several hundred participants, and which is computationally cost effective.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to the field of telecommunications and, more specifically, to a method and apparatus for performing conferencing services and echo suppression.
2. Background Information
Audio conferencing techniques intelligently mix the input speech of multiple parties to produce an accurate output that is then played back to the parties. By way of background, it has been known that for a conference having a small number of participants, the input speech signals (from each participant) are summed to produce an output that is then transmitted as a conference output signal to each of the participants.
For larger conferences, the simple sum approach is not effective due to the noise involved. Specifically, when there are many conference participants, each with standard office noise in the background, the sum of this background noise itself can overwhelm the conference. Thus, it has been known to limit the number of participants whose input speech is summed to form the conference output signal. Typically, a small subset of the total participants, often three, is summed to produce the output. In one solution, the input speech of the actively speaking parties having the highest amplitude (loudest) are selected and summed as the conference output signal. In other cases, the input speech of the greatest energies are selected for inclusion in the conference output signal.
These approaches partially alleviate the noise issue, however, noise continues to be a problem even with the selection of larger amplitude conference participants. This is because one participant may, for example, be the participant with the highest amplitude only because he is driving in a car on a noisy highway and is thus, due to the noise level and amplitude thereof, qualifying as one of the top contenders. This deteriorates the quality of the conference for all participants.
Furthermore, simply selecting the largest amplitude participants of the conference can be difficult when there are participants with greatly different volumes. This can occur due to poor line conditions, faulty telephones or quirks of personality in the sense that some people are softer speakers than others. If a participant with a lower amplitude voice input is attempting to establish himself within the top three contenders, this may not happen in a timely manner and the beginning of his words can be clipped. And, even when added to the conference, it may be difficult for the other participants to hear the softspoken participant.
A further issue arises with respect to DTMF (dual tone multi-frequency) signals. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the familiar DTMF signals that are generated when keys are pressed on the traditional touch tone phone set, are actually comprised of two tones. The two tones consist of two distinct frequencies, a row frequency and a column frequency. It has been known to provide a DTMF detector, which operates such that by determining the row frequency and the column frequency, the DTMF detector identifies the touch-tone that was pressed.
In some conferencing applications, a participant can control his or her individual volume (or other parameter) using the touch-tone signals. For example, the control might be that a participant may press "1" to increase volume, and "2" to decrease volume. However, if a participant uses this feature and presses the keys, the DTMF tone thus produced enters the conference. That tone could then be sent back out to other participants as part of the conference output signal. If there is an echo, the tone will be reflected back and the reflection could then cause the results of the DTMF signals (such as an increase in volume) thus the volume is continuously increased because an echoed DTMF tone is repeatedly amplified and sent back out to the conference, clearly disrupting the conference. In addition, the DTMF tones themselves can be quite loud and can be an annoyance to the participants.
Another problem that occurs in large conferences is that of line echo. In the conferencing setting, an echoed signal can be summed back into the conference output signal and sent back out onto the line. More specifically, an echo is generated whenever a telephone signal is converted from a four-wire connection to a two-wire connection (a standard PSTN connection). This echo is a delayed and attenuated version of the original signal. An echo can make conversation impossible and in a conference, echo can be tremendously disruptive. Most telecommunications networks incorporate echo cancellers to remove echo. However, as networks become more complex and elements such as cell phones and speakerphones are introduced, echo cancellation, in turn, becomes more complex.
A network echo cancellation component creates a model of the telephone line echo. Using the model, the circuit creates a synthetic echo, which is subtracted from the input speech thus canceling the echo signal. This process is continually monitored and adapted. The end result is a relatively echo-free signal being generated. In most robust echo cancellation systems, the echo canceller is followed by an echo suppression or nonlinear process to remove or mask any remnants of the echoed speech that may have been missed. This works well, but the disadvantage of this type of echo cancellation technique is that it is computationally quite expensive to develop the synthetic echo that is then subtracted from the signal.
Echo suppression, on the other hand, is a somewhat simpler solution that generally can be a useful technique in areas other than conferencing, for example. Echo suppression determines when a signal qualifies as echo (as opposed to voice) and based upon this determination mutes this input signal when it is expected to be an echo signal. Typically a voice activity detector is used on both the inbound and outbound legs to determine when echo is present. And, if it is present, the signal will be muted. Known echo suppression techniques have not been effective in the large conference environment.
There remains, therefore, a need for a conferencing algorithm that results in input signal selection that includes participants who are actively speaking and not those that are simply loudest due to background noise. There remains a further need for a method and apparatus for performing conferencing for a large number of participants, which has improved noise reduction, and is capable of producing an echo free output signal but yet is computationally cost effective. There remains yet a further need for a method and apparatus for performing conferencing that removes DTMF tone from the input signals.

Method and apparatus for performing conferencing services and echo suppression


The present invention features a kit for hanging string lights. The kit comprises a bracket and a mounting tool. In some embodiments, the bracket comprises a first plate having a first edge and a second edge, a second plate extending upwardly and along the first edge of the first plate, a third plate extending upwardly and along the second edge of the first plate, and a hook disposed on a surface of the third plate that extends in a direction away from the second plate. In some embodiments, a mounting tool comprises cup member attached to a pole. The cup member comprises a base member having a first end and a second end, a first arm attached to and extending outwardly from the first end of the base member, a second arm attached to and extending outwardly from the second end of the base member, the first and second arm extending outwardly in the same direction relative to the base member, and a pole attaching to and extending downwardly from the base member.

Hanging string lights (e.g., Christmas lights) for the holiday season often requires the use of ladders for reaching high places. A person climbing a ladder to hang string lights may risk falling and hurting himself or herself. Thus, there is a need to have a safer system/kit for hanging string lights.


In an air conditioner provided with at least one longitudinal louver rotating in a vertical direction with an almost horizontal rotation axis as the center and with a number of lateral louvers rotating in a lateral direction with a rotation axis line almost perpendicular to the rotation axis line of the above-described longitudinal louver, a cover plate is provided at an upper wall portion of the above-described air outlet so that a specified space is formed between the cover plate and the upper wall portion, and each of the lateral louvers is attached at the cover plate by the medium of a bush with an arm and a connecting plate for connecting the lateral louvers formed at the bush to prevent the reduction of air blowing efficiency, generation of a noise, and condensation in an air outlet.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an air conditioner, and more particularly, to the mounting structure of the louvers provided with the air outlet.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the air outlet of an air conditioner, louvers are provided in order to control the directions of the air with heat exchange being conducted to be sent evenly or, in some cases, locally to the room. FIG. 17 is a sectional view showing a general structure of an air conditioner as the conventional art, and FIG. 18 is an enlarged sectional view of the air outlet portion. An air conditioner consists of an indoor unit and an outdoor unit, and an air conditioner referred to here means an indoor unit.
Specifically, the air conditioner as the indoor unit includes a housing 1 designed to be hung on an indoor wall, and in this example, air inlet ports 2 are respectively provided on the front and top surfaces of the housing 1, with an air outlet 5 being is provided at the lower portion of the front surface of the housing 1. In the air passage from the air inlet port 2 to the air outlet 5 in the housing 1, a heat exchanger 3 and an air fan 4 are provided.
In the air outlet 5, for example, two of longitudinal louvers 7 and 8 for regulating a wind direction in a longitudinal direction, and a number of lateral louvers 6 for regulating a wind direction in a lateral direction are provided. Generally, the longitudinal louvers 7 and 8 are positioned in front of the lateral louvers when the air outlet 5 is seen from the outside (indoor side), and by the supporting piece suspended from an upper wall portion 5a of the air outlet 5, rotating shafts 7a and 8a are supported so as to be almost horizontal. Specifically, the vertical louvers 7 and 8 are rotatable in a longitudinal direction within a range of a specified angle with the horizontal rotating shafts 7a and 8a as the center.
Only one of the lateral louvers 6 is illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 18, but actually a number of lateral louvers 6 are provided in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface of the drawings. Conventionally, each of the lateral louvers 6 is supported in a supporting shaft hole 5b provided on the upper wall portion 5a of the air outlet 5 by the medium of the bush 9 so as to be rotated in a lateral direction with the rotational axis almost perpendicular to the rotational axis of the longitudinal louvers 7 and 8 as the center.
Specifically, each of the lateral louvers 6 has a slit 6b made in an axial direction and includes a supporting shaft 6a, radius of which can be elastically reduced by the slit 6b, and after the bush 9 is engaged in the supporting shaft hole 5b of the above-described upper wall portion 5a, each of the lateral louvers 6 is rotatably held at the upper wall portion 5a of the air outlet 5 by compulsorily engaging the supporting shaft 6a in the bush 9. Each of the lateral louvers 6 has a connecting-pin 6c for attaching a connecting plate 10 at the shoulder portion of the wing piece, and is connected to each other so as to be synchronously rotated by the medium of the connecting plate 10.
After the air fan 4 is operated, air is inhaled from the air inlet port 2, then after heat exchange is conducted at the heat exchanger 3, air is blown to a room from the air outlet 5, and at this time, a wind direction in a lateral direction is controlled by the lateral louvers 6 while a wind direction in a vertical direction is controlled by the longitudinal louvers 7 and 8.
In this way, a wind direction is variously controlled, and in the conventional art, the connecting-pin 6c and the connecting plate 10 are exposed in the air outlet 5, therefore at this portion air resistance occurs and there is a disadvantage of air blowing efficiency being reduced. Especially when an aircondition car is driven, condensation occurs at the connecting-pin 6c and the connecting plate 10, and in an extreme case, the dew drops from the air outlet 5 and makes a room dirty.
When the above-described lateral louvers 6 are rotated to and fro within a range of a specified angle by a motor, conventionally, the driving lever 13 as illustrated in FIG. 19 is connected to each of the lateral louvers 6 separately from the above-described connecting plate 10, and one end of the driving lever 13 is connected to the driving shaft of the motor which is not illustrated in the drawing by the medium of a link arm 14.
As the link arm 14, a link arm including a driving hole 14c engaged with the driving shaft of the motor at one end which is provided with a connecting-pin 14a is used, and a connecting hole 13a formed at one end of the driving lever 13 is engaged with the connecting-pin 14a. In this case, a head portion 14b with the radius being expanded is provided at the connecting-pin 14a in order that the driving lever 13 is not easily come out of the axial direction. Accordingly, a slit 13b is formed on the side of the connecting hole 13a of the driving lever 13 and the connecting hole 13a is engaged with the connecting-pin 14a by compulsorily expanding the connecting hole 13a.
However, according to the connecting structure, when the load, for example, on the driving lever 13 becomes heavy, there is a disadvantage that the connecting hole 13a is disengaged from the connecting-pin 14a by the medium of the slit 13b.
The present invention is made to solve each of the above-described conventional disadvantages, and the first object is to provide an air conditioner in which the lateral louvers can be easily assembled without exposing the connecting plate and so on connecting a number of lateral louvers.
The second object is to provide an air conditioner including a connecting means surely connecting the driving lever to the link arm on the motor side, when a number of lateral louvers are rotated to and fro by a motor by the medium of a driving lever.


A coil support suitable for supporting a coil in a condensing unit includes a body and a protrusion extending from the body. The protrusion is configured to limit movement of the coil in at least one direction.

The present invention relates to a coil support. More particularly, the present invention relates to a coil support configured to support a coil and limit movement of the coil in at least one direction.
A split system heating and/or cooling system includes an outdoor unit, such as a condensing unit, and an indoor unit such as an evaporator unit. The condensing unit typically includes a protective cover (e.g., an inlet grill), a condenser coil, and a base pan for containing the condensing unit and receiving condensation that drips from the coil. The coil and base pan are disposed within the protective cover. During operation, condensation may accumulate on the coil, such as during a defrost cycle of the condensing unit. The condensation typically drips downward into the base pan.
A coil support is often used to lift the coil off the base pan, rather than resting the coil directly in the base pan. The coil support separates the coil from the base pan, and therefore, any condensation that collects in the base pan. By lifting the coil up off of the bottom of the base pan, the coil support helps prevent corrosion between the base pan and the coil. Furthermore, using a coil support provides room for condensation to drip away from the coil and into the base pan.


The piezoelectric resonator according to the invention includes a tuning fork shaped part with two parallel vibrating arms, connected to each other by a linking part, from which protrude a central arm located between both vibrating arms of the tuning fork shaped part, the vibrating arms carrying first electrodes to make them vibrate, these electrodes being connected to connection elements carried by the central arm, wherein a slot has been cut within the linking part opposite to the central arm and wherein second electrodes have been arranged along said slot.

Such a resonator of small dimensions has been disclosed in the prior art document U.S. Pat. No. 6,700,313 filed in the name of the name Assignee, which is enclosed herewith by way of reference. Resonator 10 represented on FIG. 4, which is intended to be mounted in a case, includes a tuning fork shaped part with two parallel arms 12, 14 connected to each other by a linking part 16 and carrying electrodes 20, 22 to make them vibrate, these electrodes being connected to connecting pads 28, 30 intended to be electrically connected to the exterior of the case. Resonator 10 also includes a central arm 18 attached to linking part 16 and located between arms 12, 14 of the tuning fork shaped part, substantially equidistant from them, this central arm 18 having a greater mass than that of the arms of the tuning fork shaped part and connected pads 28, 30 are carried by this central arm. This resonator is mounted in a case of parallelepiped shape by fixing its central arm 18 to at least one support secured to the bottom of the case.
The above described kind of resonators, called hereinafter three arm resonators, allows breaking away from many problems encountered with conventional tuning fork resonators.
One of these problems is that the dimensional and functional features of the conventional tuning fork resonators are optimised for mounting them in metallic cases and not in ceramic cases. For example, the ratio between their length and their width is ill suited to the manufacture of such cases, in particular when the cases are of the SMD (Surface Mounting Device) type, i.e. meant to be automatically mounted on hole-free printed circuit boards. Because of this, a conventional tuning fork resonator and its connection to the case do not have very good resistance to shocks.
Further conventional tuning fork resonators are liable to tip towards the bottom of the case when it is fixed onto a step of the case.
Furthermore, since the thermal expansion coefficients of ceramic material and quartz are different enough to create mechanical stresses in the resonator which can not only be felt in the arms of the tuning fork and disturb the working of the resonator when the temperature changes but can also break the solder or detach connection pads of the resonator from those of the case and alter or even cut the electric connection between the resonator electrodes and the external contact pads of the case.
For the same reason, if there is an incipient fracture on the side of base of the tuning fork where connection pads are situated, a significant temperature variation can even break the tuning fork.
Finally, when the resonator is vacuum packed, the vacuum is never perfect and the stirring of the atmosphere by the tuning fork arms when the resonator vibrates can modify the operating parameters of the resonator when its arms come close to each other, more so than in the case of a metallic case.
Thus, three arm resonators enable satisfactory solutions to be brought to the various problems posed by conventional tuning fork resonators. Nevertheless although these three arm resonators have proved to be advantageous, miniaturization requirements as well as energy consumption required to maintain vibrations of the tuning fork are always critical issues for mobile phone or wristwatch applications.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A method and computer-readable medium use syllable-like units (SLUs) to decode a pronunciation into a phonetic description. The syllable-like units are generally larger than a single phoneme but smaller than a word. The present invention provides a means for defining these syllable-like units and for generating a language model based on these syllable-like units that can be used in the decoding process. As SLUs are longer than phonemes, they contain more acoustic contextual clues and better lexical constraints for speech recognition. Thus, the phoneme accuracy produced from SLU recognition is much better than all-phone sequence recognition.

The present invention relates to speech recognition. In particular, the present invention relates to adding phonetic descriptions of words to the lexicon of a speech recognition system.
In speech recognition, human speech is converted into text. To perform this conversion, the speech recognition system identifies a most-likely sequence of acoustic units that could have produced the speech signal. To reduce the number of computations that must be performed, most systems limit this search to sequences of acoustic units that represent words in the language of interest.
The mapping between sequences of acoustic units and words is stored in a lexicon (sometimes referred to as a dictionary). Regardless of the size of the lexicon, some words in the speech signal will be outside of the lexicon. These out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words cannot be recognized by the speech recognition system because the system does not know they exist. Instead, the recognition system is forced to recognize other words in place of the out-of-vocabulary word, resulting in recognition errors.
In the past, some speech recognition systems have provided a way for users to add words to the speech recognition lexicon. In order to add a word to a lexicon, the text of the word and a phonetic or acoustic description of its pronunciation must be provided to the speech recognition system, in addition to its likelihood in contexts (or so called language model).
Under some prior art systems, the pronunciation of a word is provided by a letter-to-speech (LTS) system that converts the letters of the word into phonetic symbols describing its pronunciation. The conversion from letters to phonetic symbols is performed based on rules associated with the particular language of interest.
Such LTS systems are only as good as the rules provided to the system. In most LTS systems, these rules fail to properly pronounce entire classes of words, including foreign originating words and complex acronyms. If the LTS rules fail to properly identify the pronunciation for a word, the speech recognition system will not be able to detect the word when later spoken by the user.
In other systems, the pronunciation of a word is provided by recording the user as they pronounce the word. This recorded signal is then used as a template for the word. During recognition, the user's speech signal is compared against the template speech signal directly and if they are sufficiently similar, the new word is recognized.
Note that a template system requires a significant amount of storage for each new template. This is because the template must store the speech signal itself instead of a phonetic description of the speech signal. This not only requires more storage space but also requires a modified recognition process because most recognition systems utilize the phonetic description of words when performing speech recognition.
A third possibility is closely related to out-of-vocabulary detection. Some systems use a network of any phoneme followed by any other phoneme to recognize a new word, which may be composed of any sequence of phonemes. Usually a phoneme bigram or trigram is used in the search process to help the performances both in accuracy and speed. However, phoneme sequence recognition, even with bigram or trigram, is well known to be difficult. The phoneme accuracy is usually low.
Thus, a system is needed for adding words to a speech recognition lexicon that provides a sequence of phonetic units for each added word while improving the identification of those phonetic units.

Method and apparatus for constructing and using syllable-like unit language models


A method for bearing CS-domain service data over radio bearer is disclosed. The method includes: letting CS-domain service data be borne over a radio high-speed packet data access channel according to a channel mapping relation between CS-domain service data and the radio high-speed packet data access channel. An apparatus and a system are also provided herein.

The existing wireless communication system network includes three parts: a radio User Equipment (UE), an access network, and a core network. The core network includes two function domains: CS domain, and Packet Switched (PS) domain, which are responsible for service logic processing, mobility management, and authentication encryption. The access network is responsible for wireless access processing for the user.
Taking the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) as an example, the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) is one of the typical access network types, and includes a Radio Network Controller (RNC) and a Node B. A UE is connected with a UTRAN through a Uu interface. The UE interacts with the network device through the Uu interface, and provides the user with CS-domain and PS-domain service functions, including speech service, videophone service, and facsimile service.
The Uu interface is divided into three protocol layers: physical layer, namely, layer 1 (L1); data link layer, namely, layer 2 (L2), and network layer, namely, layer 3 (L3). The L2 further includes: Media Access Control (MAC) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, and Broadcast Multicast Control (BMC) layer. The L3 and the RLC layer are divided into a Control Plane (C-plane) and a User Plane (U-plane). The PDCP and the BMC exist only on the U-plane. Protocol entities communicate with each other through a Service Access Point (SAP). The lower-layer protocol entities provide services for the upper-layer protocol entities. The L2 provides services for the L3 through a Radio Bearer (RB). The PDCP layer is applicable only to the PS domain to perform header compression and decompression. The MAC layer provides services for the RLC layer through a logical channel. The L1 provides services for the MAC layer through a transmission channel. A certain mapping relation exists between the protocol layers of the Uu interface. Each layer of protocol entity determines the channel mapping relation between the protocol entity and the lower-layer protocol entity through channel configuration parameters. The channel configuration parameters include the type and identifier of the lower-layer channel. The service data transmitted on the Uu interface is encapsulated by the protocol entity on each layer according to the channel mapping relation, and finally forms a data frame for transmission.
The services transmitted on the Uu interface include: speech service, videophone service, and facsimile service. Taking the speech service as an example, the speech service transmitted on the Uu interface may be one of a CS-domain speech service and a PS-domain speech service. On the transmission channel, the CS-domain speech service may be borne by a Dedicated Channel (DCH). When the speech service is encoded through Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) or AMR WideBand (AMR-WB), each speech frame includes three substreams A, B, and C. With respect to importance, A is greater than B, and B is greater than C. On the Uu interface, an independent RB needs to be created for each substream based on the requirements of the AMR/AMR-WB codec. Each substream corresponds to an RB. All data over RBs are encapsulated through an RLC. The logical channel here is a Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH). Each DTCH is mapped to a transmission channel. The transmission channel here is a DCH. Finally, the DCH is mapped to the Physical Channel (PCH). The PCH here is a Dedicated Physical Channel (DPCH).
On the transmission channel, the PS-domain speech service may be borne over a DCH, or borne through a High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) technology. The HSPA includes a High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and a High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUDA). The HSPA technology improves the link transmission rate, network capacity, and spectrum utilization ratio. The transmission channel introduced by the HSDPA is an HSDPA Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH). The physical channel introduced by the HSUDA is an Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH), and the physical channel introduced by it is an Enhanced Dedicated Physical Data Channel (E-DPDCH).
In the process of developing the present invention, the inventor finds at least the following defects in the related art.
The traditional CS-domain services are technically mature, and the QoS of the services is ensured, but the spectrum efficiency is not high. The HSPA technology is an emerging RB mode, and can enhance the network capacity and spectrum efficiency. However, the existing standard system expressly restricts the HSPA technology from being applied to the CS-domain services. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) protocol expressly stipulates that: The HSPA technology is applicable only to bearing PS-domain services, and not applicable to bearing CS-domain services. The 3GPP2 also stipulates similarly. Such a restriction makes it impossible to combine the CS-domain service with the merits of the HSPA technology in the existing wireless networks, or to improve the efficiency of bearing the CS-domain services over radio bearer while ensuring the QoS of the services.

Method, apparatus and system for bearing circuit switched domain service data over radio bearer


Dynamically providing access to files of presently unmapped remote computers, including, responsive to receiving a file access request from a user, displaying a file access Graphical User Interface (‘GUI’) dialog box; receiving, from the user through the file access GUI dialog box, a Uniform Resource Locator (‘URL’) representing a file location on a remote computer, wherein the URL specifies a particular access protocol among a number of available access protocols, a network location of the remote computer, a port number, and a file system path; and accessing, in dependence upon the URL, a file on the remote computer at the file system path through data communications established between a local server module and a remote server running on the remote computer using the particular access protocol, the network location of the remote computer, and the port number.

Field of the Invention
The field of the invention is data processing, or, more specifically, methods, apparatus, and products for dynamically providing access to files of presently unmapped remote computers.
Description of Related Art
The development of the EDVAC computer system of 1948 is often cited as the beginning of the computer era. Since that time, computer systems have evolved into extremely complicated devices. Today's computers are much more sophisticated than early systems such as the EDVAC. Computer systems typically include a combination of hardware and software components, application programs, operating systems, processors, buses, memory, input/output devices, and so on. As advances in semiconductor processing and computer architecture push the performance of the computer higher and higher, more sophisticated computer software has evolved to take advantage of the higher performance of the hardware, resulting in computer systems today that are much more powerful than just a few years ago.
Computers today are often organized in data communications networks, local and wide area, are connected to the Internet, and are otherwise connected through a data communications network to many other computers. File access within most user level applications, however, is limited to the files stored in a computer's local file systems. A user may open and save files within the local file system. Presently a user is able to access files stored on a remote computer through a user level application only if that remote computer is mapped to the local computer. In such a case, the remote computer appears to the user as if it were a local drive. There is at present no way to dynamically access files of a remote computer that is presently not mapped to a local computer.

Dynamic file access to files of unmapped remote computers

International Business Machines Corporation


The present invention relates to method for communicating in a network, said network comprising a primary station and at least one secondary station having a plurality of antennas, the method comprising the step of the primary station transmitting to a first secondary station an indication of a first receive combining matrix that the first secondary station should use to combine the signals received at its said plurality of antennas from a first subsequent transmission from the primary station.

In communication networks, in order to increase the reachable throughput of communication, MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output) has been proposed widely. MIMO involves the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance. It indeed offers significant increases in data throughput without additional bandwidth or transmit power by higher spectral efficiency (more bits per second per hertz of bandwidth) and link reliability.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a mobile communication network comprises a primary station (base station, or NodeB or eNodeB) which can communicate with at least one secondary station (mobile stations, or User Equipment, or UE) with MIMO streams, by using a plurality of primary station antennas and a plurality of secondary station antennas. In order to form the stream, the secondary station provides the primary station with information related to the state of the channel by transmitting CSI (channel state information) feedback to the primary station. Such CSI indicates an optimal or at least a preferred precoding vector to be used in order to maximise the reachable data rate of the corresponding spatially separable data streams transmitted by the primary station. This precoding vector can be a set of complex values to be applied to each antenna port of the primary station during transmission to direct the data stream towards the secondary station antennas.
However, the primary station may also select other precoding vectors to direct data streams towards different secondary stations. If the first secondary station does not select appropriate receive combining weights to apply to the signals received at its receive antennas, it may suffer adverse interference from the data streams directed at other secondary stations.

Method for communicating in a MIMO network


A socket connector (10) using for electrically connecting a chip module (5) to a printed circuit board includes a housing (11), a number of terminals (12) received in corresponding passageways of the housing (11), a frame (13) mounted around the housing (11), a clip (14) received pivotably in an end of the frame (13) and a lever (15) connecting to an opposite end of the frame (13). The lever (15) being configured as pole-shaped form comprising a base portion (152) and a sleeve for wrapping the base portion (153). The sleeve (153) reduces friction produced between the lever (15) and the clip (14).

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a socket connector for connecting a chip module and a printed circuit board.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In a conventional socket connector, in particularly, a pin array socket connector generally comprises a metal clip for pressing the chip module into a housing securely, which can maintain a steady and reliable electrical connection between terminals received the housing and the chip module.
A conventional socket connector 8 illustrated in FIG. 7 for connecting a chip module 9 to a printed circuit board (not show) comprises a insulative housing 80, a plurality of terminals (not show) received in corresponding passageways (not show) of the housing 80, a frame 81 disposed around the insulative housing 80, a clip 82 received pivotally in an end of the frame 81 and a lever 83 mounted on an opposed end of the frame 81.
The clip 82 defines a tail 821 and the lever 83 disposes an actuator portion 831 corresponding to the tail 821. When the chip module 9 is mounted on the insulative housing 80, the clip 82 abuts against a top surface of the chip module 9 and the actuator 831 of the lever 83 abuts against the tail 821 of the clip 82, which can position the chip module 9 steadily on the housing, so that the stable location of the chip module 9 can be assured.
In generally, the clip 82 and the lever 83 are made of metal material, so there is always friction between the clip 82 and the lever 83. In addition a coordination relation between the clip 82 and the lever 83 can not be maintained after being used a period of time, which can further influence the stability of the position of the chip module 9.
Thus, there is a need to provide a new electrical connector that overcomes the above-mentioned problem.


A system for inserting and removing a bed pan in conjunction with a bed, utilizing a vessel which is capable of holding human waste products. A track is supported by the bed and extends along and beneath the top surface of the bed. The track includes a guide for moving the vessel along the same. The vessel may be placed in the guide in a first position within the periphery of the bed and in a second position outwardly from the periphery of the bed. A conduit extends from the top surface of the bed to a place beneath the top surface of the bed for communication with the vessel when it is at the first position.

The present invention relates to a novel and useful system for inserting and removing a bed pan.
Persons confined to a bed at home or in a hospital are inevitably faced with passing wastes into a bed pan. The present system is to require that the bed ridden person or an attendant position the bed pan beneath the bed ridden person to collect human waste. The attendant or bed ridden person must then remove the bed pan to the edge of the top surface of the bed for collection by another. In the alternative, not using a bed pan requires constant changing of wet sheets and bedding or the use of diapers on the bed ridden patient or person. Failure to timely change the diapers or sheets may further cause complications in chilling the patient, leaving them susceptible to bacterial and viral illnesses, including pneumonia.
A system for inserting and removing a bed pan which eliminates the problems found in the prior systems would be a notable advance in the medical field.

System for inserting and removing a bed pan


A method for cancelling ambient audio sounds in the proximity of a transducer may include receiving an error microphone signal indicative of the output of the transducer and ambient audio sounds at the transducer. The method may also include generating an anti-noise signal for countering the effects of ambient audio sounds at an acoustic output of the transducer, wherein generating the anti-noise signal comprises applying a feedback filter having a response that generates a feedback anti-noise signal based on the error microphone signal and applying a variable gain element in series with the feedback filter. The method may further include monitoring whether an ambient audio event is occurring that could cause the feedback filter to generate an undesirable component in the anti-noise signal and controlling the gain of the variable gain element to reduce the undesirable component.

Wireless telephones, such as mobile/cellular telephones, cordless telephones, and other consumer audio devices, such as mp3 players, are in widespread use. Performance of such devices with respect to intelligibility can be improved by providing noise cancelling using a microphone to measure ambient acoustic events and then using signal processing to insert an anti-noise signal into the output of the device to cancel the ambient acoustic events.
In an adaptive noise cancellation system, it is often desirable for the system to be fully adaptive such that a maximum noise cancellation effect is provided to a user at all times. Adaptive noise cancellation systems often use a fixed feedback controller due to low cost, simplicity, wideband noise cancellation, and other advantages. However, existing feedback noise cancellation systems have disadvantages. For example, feedback noise cancellation cancels at least a portion of a source audio signal which may cause degraded audio performance of a device. In order to maintain reasonable audio performance, the gain of the feedback controller may need to be reduced, and thus noise cancellation performance is compromised. In addition, due to varying conditions (e.g., different shapes of user's ears, different ways user's wear headphones, etc.), noise cancellation strength may differ from user to user. Furthermore, a feedback controller may become unstable if a secondary path of a device utilizing ANC changes.

Systems and methods for performance and stability control for feedback adaptive noise cancellation


An apparatus for use in fruit picking comprising a mobile support structure (11), a conduit (19) supported by the mobile support and having an inlet section for entry of fruit, an outlet section for discharge of fruit and a fluid inlet for entry of fluid, a fluid supply means (17, 37, 38, 22) for directing fluid through the fluid inlet down an inner surface of the conduit along which fruit moves, a recovering area (17) for receipt of fruit discharged through the outlet section and a retarding means in the conduit to retard motion of fruit travelling through the conduit under the action of gravity.

In mango plantations, mangoes are conventionally picked by a person armed with a long stick with a knife on its end who reaches up and cuts each mango from the tree. To alleviate the need for another person to catch the mango, the picker works from a trampoline on which the mango lands. The mango bounces from the trampoline into a water tank. In the water tank any sap on the mango is washed off before it can mark the skin of the mango.
While a mango which lands squarely on the trampoline will clearly suffer less bruising than a mango dropped onto the ground there is still some degree of bruising of the fruit. Furthermore, it is not always easy to direct where the mango falls with enough precision to ensure it lands on the trampoline and some mangoes may fall a long distance into the quite shallow water tank and land heavily on its bottom or even land on the ground adjacent the trampoline. It is also likely that not all of the mangoes which land on the trampoline will bounce directly into the water tank; some may bounce onto the ground and others may come to rest on the trampoline. In the former case substantial bruising will occur and in the latter case (unless the picker stops picking and bends over to pick up the mango and throw it into the water tank) the mango will suffer sap burns which reduce its value. The present invention provides a technique of picking fruit such as mangoes which minimises damage to the fruit.


The invention relates to a pressure switching device of the type used in motor vehicles and includes a pressure sensor 21 arranged in a housing 3, which generates an electrical signal U according to the pressure p of a pressure medium or monitored fluid transmitted through a supply opening 15 of housing 3. The pressure switching devices includes an interpretation and switching unit 55 adapted to received the electrical sensor signal U and is further adapted to compare the sensor signal with at least one switching threshold value to trigger a switching function or a sequence of switching functions upon the electrical sensor signal exceeding and/or falling short of the switching threshold value.

The present invention relates to pressure switching devices and more particularly to pressure switching devices of the type used in motor vehicles for sensing the pressure of a fluid and, based upon the sensed pressure, trigger a variety of switching procedures such as illuminating warning lights or the like. Such pressure switching devices find particular application in connection with monitoring oil pressure or brake pressure in a motor vehicle.
Previously known pressure switches have generally included a mechanical control device which is responsive to the pressure of a monitored fluid to execute translatory movement. Using this technology, the mechanical control device occupies a certain position dependent upon the pressure of the monitored fluid and moves in response to pressure changes. As a result of the movement of the controlled device, an electrical contact within the switch is closed at a predefined pressure threshold value. In devices such as this, the pressure threshold value is generally determined by either the tension of a spring in the pressure switch or the position of the contacts within the switch or by a combination of the two. The spring tension acts in a direction opposing the pressure force generated by the monitored fluid. The switching contacts can be disposed in different positions along the translatory movement of the mechanical control device to effect changes in the pressure threshold value.
In addition to the above, mechanical pressure switches are also known to include multiple switching pressure threshold values. In devices such as this, determination of the pressure threshold values are accomplished by providing electrical contacts at multiple predetermined switching positions along the adjustable path of the moveable control device. The electrical contacts are positioned at locations corresponding to the specified switching pressure threshold values.


A printing unit (1) has a first roller (2) and a second roller (3) provided substantially parallel and facing each other for transporting of printing sheets between the first roller (2) and the second roller (3). The first roller (2) is rotationally mounted at only one end (10) of the first roller (2) and this end (10) is mounted to a deflector (9). The deflector (9) has a connection (11) to a support (12) for resiliently changing the angle of the first roller (2) relatively to the second roller (3) by bending the connection (11).

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a printing unit comprising a first roller and a second roller provided substantially parallel and facing each other for transport of printing sheets between the rollers. The rollers have substantially parallel rotation axes for transport of printing sheets between the first roller and the second roller by abutting the printing sheets from either side or for transfer of liquid from one to the other of the first roller and the second roller by abutment of the first roller to the second roller. The first roller is rotationally mounted to a deflector at only one end of the first roller. The deflector comprises a connection to a support, by which the parallel orientation can be adjusted as well as the contact pressure between the rollers. The invention also comprises a method for adjusting the angle between two rollers in a printing unit.
2. Description of Related Art
In flexographic printing presses, mounting of printing rollers at only one end is attractive when used with sleeves, because the exchange of such sleeve is easier than in presses where the rollers are mounted at both ends. However, the mounting of the rollers at only one end implies a challenge with respect to suitable adjustment mechanisms by which a parallel contact and equalized pressure between the rollers is assured in order to provide uniform transfer of ink between the rollers.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,385,093 by Rogge assigned to Windmoeller and Hoelscher discloses an inking unit with a cantilevered inking roller and plate cylinder, which both are mounted only at one end. In order to achieve parallel adjustment between the inking roller and the plate cylinder and in order to achieve uniform contact pressure between the rollers, the inking unit has a cantilevered mount of the plate cylinder. This mount comprises an arrangement, wherein a screw pushes on one side of a lever, the rotation of which moves a pin in a groove. The groove allows a free motion of the pin in one dimension, but not in the lateral direction; instead, the lateral direction of the pin causes the pin to push onto the plate cylinder block, causing a rotation of the plate cylinder block around a further rotation pin. The rotation of the plate cylinder block causes rotation of the plate cylinder axle and thereby adjusts the angle between the plate cylinder and the inking roller.
This system is rather complicated due to its many rotational parts. For example, the screw is engaged in a bearing on the lever, the bearing is rotating in the lever about a first rotational axis, the lever is rotating about a second rotating axis, and the plate cylinder block is rotating about a third rotating axis. Likewise, three rotational axes are used for the inking roller block when it has to be adjusted together with the plate cylinder against an impression cylinder. The many rotational parts and the relatively complicated interplay between the rotational parts, pins, and grooves make the system difficult, heavy and expensive in fabrication.
Other systems for adjusting printing rollers that are mounted in only one end are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,109,180 by Guaraldi et al. and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,471,929 by Rogge. An offset printing machine with rollers that can be adjusted is disclosed in UK Patent Application GB 2 142 577 A by Atkinson. An elastic element for mounting printing units is disclosed in European Patent Application EP 0 942 192 A1.

Inking unit with adjustment of rollers by bending plate and method for adjustment


A layered board is disclosed which can avoid the occurrence of cracks in a core layer due to shearing stress caused by a difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between the core layer and a buildup layer. The layered board includes a core layer which serves as a printed board, a buildup layer which includes an insulation part and a wiring part, is overlaid on the core layer, and is electrically connected to the core layer, and an edge layer formed at least at an edge on the periphery of the core layer, the edge layer being different from the core layer. Alternatively, the core layer projects outward from an edge on the periphery of the buildup layer.

The present invention relates to a layered board (hereinafter referred to as a "buildup board") which includes a core layer and a buildup layer overlaid thereon.
The buildup boards have conventionally been used for laptop personal computers (PCs), digital cameras, servers, cellular phones, etc, to meet miniaturization and weight saving demands of electronic apparatuses. The buildup board is manufactured by using a double-sided printed board or a multilayer printed board as a core, and overlaying an interfacially connected buildup layer (which is a laminate of an insulating layer and a wiring layer) on both surfaces or a single surface of the core through the microvia technology (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-218519).
An electronic component of a layered type such as the buildup board has the problems of delamination at a boundary between layers, cracks, and warping of the electronic component due to a difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between a plurality of bonded layers.
The present applicant has proposed the technique for enabling the prevention of warping of a buildup board, delamination, etc, by controlling the coefficient of thermal expansion, the thickness, the modulus of longitudinal elasticity, etc, of each layer in the buildup board.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11 (1999)-112114 has proposed the technique in which a buildup board includes a closed curve pattern which surrounds a conductive pattern in a surface where an insulating layer is formed on a surface of a core layer to prevent cracks at the boundary of the conductive pattern in the insulating layer.
In addition, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-7962 has disclosed the technique in which a semiconductor layered module employs different adhesives for bonding a board and a semiconductor chip and for bonding element modules each consisting of the board and the semiconductor chip to prevent separation between element packages, warping of the layered module, etc.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10 (1998)-144504 has disclosed the technique which, although not in an electronic component of a layered type, in a chip type thermistor surface-mounted to a board, prevents stress produced due to a difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between a board or an electrode on the board and solder from affecting the body of the thermistor through an external electrode of the thermistor to cause cracks in the thermistor body. In the technique, a conductive resin layer is formed between the thermistor body and the external electrode to relieve the stress applied to the thermistor body.
The buildup board is subjected to a temperature cycling test before it is shipped as a product. The temperature cycling test is performed to check whether or not normal operation is maintained even after cooling to a temperature of −65° C. and heating to a temperature of 150° C. are repeated a predetermined number of times, for example.
When sudden temperature changes are made in such a temperature cycling test, however, as shown in FIG. 17, shearing stress F is applied to a core layer 310 in its in-plane direction due to a difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between the core layer 310 and buildup layers 320, that is, a difference in a contraction amount or an expansion amount. The shearing stress F is mainly applied at the edges on the periphery of the core layer 310 (the outermost parts in the in-plane direction, particularly the corner parts) and may cause cracks 330 in the core layer 310. Especially when the core layer 310 is formed by using a carbon-based material (for example, CFRP) or a silicon-based material with a coefficient of thermal expansion significantly lower than that of the buildup layer 320, the shearing stress often excesses the breaking strength of the core layer 310 and the cracks easily occur.
The core layer 310 and the buildup layer 320 are bonded together with an epoxy adhesive which has the effect of relieving stress produced at the bonding parts. However, it has little effect of reducing the abovementioned shearing stress applied to the core layer 310.
In addition, it is difficult even for the techniques proposed by the present applicants and disclosed in patent applications mentioned above to prevent such cracks in the core layer due to the shearing stress.

Layered board and electronic apparatus having the layered board


A driving control method of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) includes: determining whether an exhaust gas restricted area is present one a driving route; determining whether the HEV is possible to drive through the entire exhaust gas restricted area under a first-mode of driving in which only an electric motor of the HEV drives the HEV when the exhaust gas restricted area is present; calculating a charging route when the HEV is not possible to travel through the entire gas restricted area under the first-mode of driving; determining a possibility of traveling through the entire gas restricted area under the first-mode of driving before entering the calculated charging route; and calculating a bypass route based on determination that traveling the entire exhaust gas restricted area under the first-mode of driving is not possible.

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
In general, a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a vehicle that uses two types of drive sources in a combined manner, and the two drive sources are mainly an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. Such a hybrid electric vehicle has excellent fuel efficiency and power performance, compared to a vehicle that is driven using only an internal combustion engine, and is also advantageous in that it reduces exhaust gases, and therefore, has actively been developed in recent years.
The hybrid electric vehicle may operate in two driving modes depending on which powertrain is driven. One of the driving modes is an electric vehicle (EV) mode in which the vehicle moves using only an electric motor, and the other one is a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) mode in which both an electric motor and an engine are driven to obtain power. The hybrid electric vehicle performs switching between the two modes according to driving conditions.
In addition to the classification of the driving modes based on the powertrain described above, in the case of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), driving modes thereof may be particularly classified into a charge-depleting (CD) mode and a charge-sustaining (CS) mode according to a change in the State-of-Charge (SoC) of a battery. In general, the vehicle moves by driving the electric motor with power of the battery in the CD mode, but mainly uses power of the engine so as to prevent deterioration in the SoC of the battery in the CS mode.
Switching between driving modes is generally performed in order to improve or maximize fuel efficiency or driving efficiency according to the efficiency characteristics of a powertrain. That is, control methods for switching between driving modes as described above focus on efficiency in the management of an eco-friendly vehicle, and are far from the final goal of an eco-friendly vehicle to be achieved in the future.
For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1, when switching between a CD mode and a CS mode is performed based on a driving load and the SoC of a battery, the vehicle may actually move in the CS mode in an area A in which a reduction in the discharge of exhaust gases is recommended or compelled for reasons, such as regulations, environmental protection, safety, and the density of pedestrians, although a driving load is low.
Although a method of forcibly causing the vehicle to move in an EV mode in response to a driver's choice in a specific section through the provision of a manual mode-switching button is conceivable, we have discovered that this method is inconvenient and has difficulty in securing the SoC required for the vehicle to move in the EV mode as much as possible in an area in which a reduction in the discharge of exhaust gases is desired.
Therefore, the present disclosure addresses a method of securing the SoC of a battery in advance in order to inhibit or prevent engine startup in an area in which a reduction in the discharge of exhaust gases is desired, or selecting a route which may bypass the corresponding area when it is difficult to secure the SoC.

Hybrid electric vehicle managing driving route and driving control method for the same


An automatic cooking apparatus and method for a microwave oven includes the steps of determining the type of food to be cooked, on the basis of a specific dielectric constant and dielectric power factor of the food by one-touch of the user, and performing automatic cooking of the food according to that determination. The apparatus includes a microwave energy sensor for sensing remaining microwave energy other than microwave energy absorbed into the food in a heating chamber. An electrical signal corresponding to the sensed microwave energy is generated in a microwave energy detection circuit, which then supplies its output signal to a control section. Also included therein is a weight sensor for sensing the weight of the food. An electrical signal corresponding to the sensed weight is generated in a weight detection circuit, which then supplies the weight signal to the control section. The control section calculates the specific dielectric constant and dielectric power factor of the food in response to a plurality of key signals outputted from a keyboard, the weight sense signal and the microwave energy sense signal, determines a heating time period of the food in accordance with the calculated results and controls the automatic cooling of the food in accordance with the determined heating time period of the food.

An example of a conventional automatic cooking apparatus for a microwave oven on the basis of a determination of the type of food is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,831,239, issued May 16, 1989, and the arrangement thereof is shown in block form in FIG. 1 herein. As shown in FIG. 1, the conventional automatic cooking apparatus comprises a heating chamber 3 for containing food 4, to be cooked, for heating thereof for heating thereof, a turntable 5 disposed in the heating chamber 3, and on the bottom thereof, a turntable motor 6 placed below the heating chamber 3 for rotating the turntable 5, a weight sensor 7 is disposed below the turntable motor 6 for sensing the weight of the food 4, a weight detection circuit 8 is provided for generating an electrical signal corresponding to the weight of the food 4 sensed by the weight sensor 7, and a magnetron 9 is placed on the top of the heating chamber 3 for radiating microwave energy into the heating chamber 3, a cooling fan 10 is disposed at one side of the magnetron 9 for blowing cooling air to cool the magnetron 9, and an intake guide 12 is disposed at the other side of the magnetron 9 on top of the heating chamber 3 for introducing a part of the cooling air blown from the cooling fan 10 into the heating chamber 3, an exhaust guide 14 is placed on a side wall of the heating chamber 3 for exhausting vapor and various gases generated from the heated food 4 in the heating chamber 3 to the outside, and a gas sensor 15 is provided in the exhaust guide 14 for sensing the amount of the vapor and gases being exhausted to the outside, a gas detection circuit 16 is provided for generating an electrical signal corresponding to the amount of vapor and gases sensed by the gas sensor 15, and an ultrasonic sensor 17, is provided on the ceiling of the heating chamber 3 for transmitting an ultrasonic wave toward the food 4 and receiving an echo wave returning therefrom to measure the distance to the food 4, a drive and detection circuit 18 is provided for driving the ultrasonic sensor 17 and generating an electrical signal corresponding to the distance to the food 4 measured by the ultrasonic sensor 17, and an automatic cooking control section 1 is provided for determining the of food 4 on the basis of the detected values from the drive and detection circuit 18, the weight detection circuit 8 and the gas detection circuit 16, and for controlling the automatic cooking of the food 4 in accordance with determined type of the food 4, a driver 13 is provided for driving the magnetron 9 and the turntable motor 6 under the control of the automatic cooking control section 1, and a keyboard 2 is provided for providing key inputs to the automatic cooking control section 1.
The operation of the conventional automatic cooking apparatus with the above-mentioned construction will now be described.
In operation, when the user turns on the microwave oven, places the food 4 to be cooked on the turntable 5 in the heating chamber 3 and operates keys of the keyboard 2 to start the automatic cooking of the food 4, the control section 1 starts the automatic cooking control.
That is, the control section 1 actuates the driver 13 to drive the turntable motor 6, in response to a cooking start signal which was input through the keyboard 2. The turntable 5 is rotated according to the driving of the turntable motor 6. At this time, the weight sensor 7 senses the weight of the food 4 and an electrical signal corresponding to the sensed weight is generated in the weight detection circuit 8, which then supplies the weight signal to the control section 1 as cooking information.
At the same time, the control section 1 controls the drive and detection circuit 18 to energize the ultrasonic sensor 17, so that the ultrasonic sensor 17 emits the ultrasonic wave to the food 4 placed on the turntable 5 to measure the distance to the food 4 by reception of an echo wave returning from the surface of the food 4. The distance d from the surface of the food 4 to the ultrasonic sensor 17 is determined on the basis of a time difference between the transmission and reception of the ultrasonic wave, and signal indicative of the distance data is supplied from the drive and detection circuit 18 to the control section 1.
In the control section 1, the weight W of the food 4 is calculated according to the weight detected signal from the weight detection circuit 8, and the height h thereof is calculated by subtracting the distance from the distance H between the ultrasonic sensor 17 and the top surface of the turntable 5. Namely, the height h of the food 4 is obtained as h=H-d.
Then, in the control section 1, the volume V of the food 4 is determined on the basis of the calculated height h, and the density D is calculated on the basis of the determined volume V and weight W. Namely, the density D of the food 4 positioned on the turntable 5 is obtained as D=W/V.
Accordingly, the control section 1 determines the type of food 4 on the basis of the calculated density D of the food 4 and performs the automatic cooking control in accordance with that determination. Namely, the control section 1 pre-stores, in the form of a look-up table in its memory, appropriate automatic cooking control values (heating time periods) corresponding to the densities of various foods and, with the density of the food to be cooked calculated, reads the automatic cooking control value corresponding to the calculated density of the food from the pre-stored look-up table in its memory and performs the automatic cooking control on the basis of the read value read.
In accordance with the determination of the type of food 4 to be cooked, the control section 1 actuates the driver 13 on the basis of the corresponding automatic cooking control value, thereby causing the magnetron 9 to be driven to heat the food 4. The turntable motor 6 is also driven by the driver 13 and the turntable 5 is rotated according to the driving of the turntable motor 6. As a result, the food 4 is heated, while being rotated with the rotation of the turntable 5.
In response to the heating, the cooling fan 10 is driven to cool the magnetron 9 and the cooling air is introduced through the intake guide 12 into the heating chamber 3 which is in turn ventilation. After ventilated, the introduced air is exhausted through the exhaust guide 14 to the outside. The gas sensor 15 provided in the exhaust guide 14 senses the vapor and various gases generated from the heated object 4. The gas data from the gas sensor 15 is supplied through the gas detection circuit 16 to the control section 5. As a result, the control section 1 determines a cooking completion point of time on the basis of the gas data from the gas detection circuit 16 and completes the automatic cooking control operation at that time.
However, the above-mentioned conventional automatic cooking apparatus for the microwave oven has a disadvantage, in that the height of the food placed on the turntable is measured with the rotation thereof. In other words, the accurate measurement of the food height is difficult because of unreliability in the transmission and reception of the ultrasonic wave depending on the surface conditions of the food. Also, the control section is required to have high-performance operating ability, since the volume of the food must be determined on the basis of the measured height thereof and the density thereof must be calculated on the basis of the determined volume and weight thereof, eventhough the height of the food has been measured accurately. This requirement results in an increase in the cost of products.
Moreover, since the heating time period is determined only on the basis of the calculated density regardless of whether the food to be cooked is in the single or mixed form, a half-done or over-done case may occur in the mixed form of the food.
Further, an error in the calculated volume of the food and therefore an error in the calculated density thereof may occur due to a container placed on the turntable to contain the food. Also in calculating the density of food containing a large amount of water, there may occur a wide error due to different weights depending on the amount of contained water. These errors cause misrecognition of the type of food, thereby resulting in the erroneous automatic cooking control operation.
As a result, in the above-mentioned conventional automatic cooking apparatus for the microwave oven, the misrecognition of the food type and the resulting erroneous automatic cooking control operation occur frequently, resulting in decreased reliability of cooking according to the automatic control.

Automatic cooking apparatus and method for microwave oven


Methods, systems, and software are disclosed for configuring an ATM. The ATM receives one or more configuration messages in an XML-based format. The ATM interprets the one or more configuration messages. The ATM restricts one or more ATM operations based on at least a portion of the one or more configuration messages.

Automated teller machines (sometimes abbreviated as ATMs) can be configured to allow users to perform various financial transactions at any time. For example, many financial institutions, or banks, have one or more ATMs from which users may withdraw cash from a checking or savings account that corresponds to a card provided by the user. A user can be a customer of the financial institution or an administrator.
ATMs can also include devices called financial self-service terminals and kiosks. ATMs can perform one or more of a large number of user transactions in addition to simply withdrawing cash such as depositing cash or checks in an account, checking the balance in an account, and transferring funds between accounts. ATMs can also perform one or more of a large number of administrative transactions including updating ATM software and replenishing the cash supply of the ATM.
ATMs may be connected to a host computer of the acquiring institution by communications links. The communications links may be non-persistent, requiring the ATM to reinitiate communications with the host computer of the acquiring institution. The communications links may be persistent, requiring dedicated bandwidth.
ATMs include numerous hardware and software modules that may malfunction. Generally, an ATM is taken out of service when a malfunction occurs with one of these modules. While an ATM is out of service it is not available to users.

Method and system for automated teller machine remote diagnostics and configuration