An inking unit for a rotary printing press with inking rollers, at least one of which has a hard outer cylindrical surface, including a device having nozzles for applying fresh cleaning fluid onto the respective inking rollers and a device for squeegeeing cleaning fluid soiled with ink residues from the roller of the inking unit having the hard outer cylindrical surface, further includes a drip pan disposed beneath the nozzles and formed with a drain having a discharge end, the squeegeeing device being a doctor blade device and having assigned thereto a collection vessel wherein the drain discharge end terminates, the collection vessel being periodically removable from the printing press for emptying therefrom the collected cleaning fluid soiled with ink residues, and a follow-up trough assigned to the drain discharge end, the follow-up trough being swingable beneath the discharge end when the collection vessel is removed from the printing press.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to an inking unit for a rotary printing press with inking rollers, including a device for applying cleaner or cleaning fluid to the inking rollers and a device for squeegeeing cleaning fluid soiled with ink residues from a roller of the inking unit having a hard outer cylindrical surface, fresh cleaner being applied via nozzles onto the respective ink rollers.
The published German Patent Document DE 195 11 231 A1 discloses such an inking unit having nozzles which can spray different cleaners or cleaning media or also water via individual or separate feed pipes onto the rollers. If cleaning fluid which is slightly vaporizable is used with the conventional devices, the nozzles may drip, for example, when temperature variations occur. Because even the smallest quantities of the cleaning fluid can cause disruptions in the printing process, contamination of the inking rollers with washing or cleaning fluid should be avoided at all costs. In the heretofore known inking units, there has been no provision for reliably preventing washing or cleaning fluid from dripping on an inking roller at some time and causing a variation in the imprint.


The objects of the present invention are achieved by forming a high voltage generating circuit which comprises: a flyback transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding; means for supplying pulses of first frequency to the primary winding; a smoothing capacitor connected across the secondary winding; an output line connected to one terminal of the smoothing capacitor; means for detecting a variation of high voltage on the output line to generate compensating voltage pulses of a second frequency which is higher than the first frequency for compensating the variation of high voltage to supply the compensating voltage pulses to the other terminal of the smoothing capacitor. Additionally, a low pass filter is connected between the other terminal of the smoothing capacitor and the secondary winding, which prevents the compensating voltage pulses from being supplied to the secondary winding. Further, a capacitor is connected between the other terminal of the smoothing capacitor and a reference potential. Moreover, the first frequency is equal to a horizontal deflection frequency of a cathode ray tube, and the second frequency is N times as large as the first frequency, wherein N is integer larger than 1. The first frequency could also be 1/N times as small as a horizontal deflection frequency, wherein N is integer larger than 1, and the second frequency is equal to the horizontal deflection frequency. Finally, the output line is connected to an anode of a cathode ray tube.

A cathode ray tube (CRT) display device has been used for displaying output data or images from, among other things, a TV receiver or a personal computer. The CRT display device includes a horizontal deflection circuit for deflecting an electron beam in a horizontal direction. The TV receiver or the personal computer (PC) supplies the horizontal synchronizing pulses to a horizontal deflection control circuit which supplies driving pulses to the horizontal deflection circuit. The horizontal deflection circuit supplies a sawtooth waveform to a horizontal deflection coil for deflecting the beam in the horizontal direction. The beam is deflected from a start position to an end position in one direction for displaying the image during a tracing period, and is deflected from the end position to the start position of the next scan line in an opposite direction during a re-tracing period. A pulse during the re-tracing period is supplied to a flyback transformer circuit, which generates at a secondary winding a high voltage, such as 25K volts, and supplies it to an anode of the CRT for accelerating the beam.
A smoothing capacitor is connected in parallel to the secondary winding and is charged by the high voltage during the re-tracing period. The charge stored in the smoothing capacitor is discharged through the anode circuit which forms a discharging circuit during the tracing period. A horizontal width of display area varies if the high voltage becomes unstable, and as a result, it is desirable to regulate or stabilize the high voltage on the smoothing capacitor.
Various efforts have been made to regulate the high voltage on the smoothing capacitor. Japanese patent application No. 63-261771 (Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 02-108373) discloses that an output voltage of an auxiliary transformer which is magnetically decoupled from the flyback transformer is added to a high voltage of the flyback transformer during the re-tracing period to compensate the variation of the voltage. Although the decoupling of the auxiliary transformer reduces a variation of the horizontal deflection waveform at the primary winding of the flyback transformer caused by the added compensating voltage, the horizontal deflection waveform is actually varied since the addition of the auxiliary voltage to the voltage of the secondary winding of the flyback transformer is transmitted to the primary winding of the flyback transformer. A small variation, such as 4%, of the horizontal deflection waveform could be allowed in the CRT display device of the current TV system, which has a ratio of 4 (horizontal) to 3 (vertical). However, such a small variation (4%) could not be allowed in the CRT display device of a high definition TV system, which has a ratio of 16 (horizontal) to 9 (vertical), or a high resolution CRT monitor of 1000.times.1000 pels, since the small variation becomes noticeable in the latter case.

International Business Machines Corporation


A multi-apertured enclosure having one or more rolling target objects located therein. A plurality of slotted openings, of a fixed maximum diameter, which provide access for multiple cat paws, at a great variety of angles and configurations to attack the targets, external replaceable targets, scratching surfaces and refillable catnip dispensing reservoirs may be added which encourage the cat to play on its own.

Track-ball enclosures are well known in the art. Most fixed track-ball enclosures define the rolling area of the large to a pre-determined track usually circular and provide various fixed access openings to the internal track. Those familiar with cats will observe that the movement of a rolling large ball, in predefined track, is repetitive and predictable and is easily mastered by the cat with boredom following mastery.
Other enclosures allow for a larger free rolling area but do not encourage the lifting of the target against the sides and tops of the enclosure. Container based targets, confined to less rigid tracks providing removable targets are also prone to the loss of the target once the cat remove it or loss of interest by the cat if the target is not easily located within.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,722,299, issued to Mohr, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,009,193, issued to Gordon, and U.S. Pat. No. DES 335,554 issued to Conner, teach pet toys consisting of a hollow hoop, or other predefined track in which a ball is placed. The cat can reach at and attack the ball through a slot provided in the hoop. The cats attack will cause the ball to roll within the confines of the hoop, track or figure "8". These inventions are limited by the shape and size of the track. The play within the limitations of the track may become repetitive and cats may lose interest. U.S. Pat. No. 5,269,261, issued to McCance, teaches another tightly restricted circular track containing a target object.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,438,727, issued to Gommelt, teaches a pet toy consisting of a covered hollow cylindrical container with a concave top having a central opening through which a ball, once properly dropped by a human counterpart, may spiral or "funnel" around to the central opening In the concave top. An inherent limitation in this type of device is the need for a human counter-part to repeatedly place the ball on the concave lid to initiate the balls action. Additionally, because the ball is not easily viewed by the cat, the cat may lose interest when the ball is inside the container.
None of the solutions provide a simple, attractive, durable dome shaped to cylindrical target enclosure providing variable access to the interior, from a plenitude of angles and orientations. None promote three dimensional play with the target through a voluminous interior of the enclosure and elongated arched openings. The easy variable access to the ball target coupled with the volume creating a three dimensional play area for the confined target(s) supports the cats natural instinct to lift and toss is prey and encourages prolonged play and exercise.

Multi-apertured feline toy and exercise device


In a bipolar surgical shears, pivoted cutting members serve as a first electrode, and separate conductors, mounted on the cutting members and insulated therefrom, serve as second and third electrodes. One of the second and third electrodes is connected to a terminal on the opposite cutting member through a pivot pin comprising an insulating tube, so that all power supply connections are mounted on one of the pivoted cutting members. A power supply can be switched selectably to a selected one, or both, of the second and third electrodes.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to surgical shears for cutting through tissue in the course of an operation. More specifically, the invention relates to such shears that are provided with a high frequency voltage across electrical alternative electrodes to create current in adjacent tissue causing hemostasis of tissue around the cut made by the shears. More specifically, the invention relates to multiple electrodes permitting selective switching to more specifically locate the hemostasis to a position which the surgeon wishes to control.
2. Description of the Related Art
The concept of using bipolar electrodes in connection with surgical instruments has been employed in various ways in prior art. Hemostasis created in tissue adjacent the instrument helps control bleeding in the area in which surgery is being performed so that the surgeon's view is less obstructed by blood. Any improved visability in the region of his work will help the surgeon. Nevertheless, there is sometimes a problem of accumulation of fluid, coagulants and tissue on the instrument in the course of surgery which is obstructing and may waste time to clear away. Furthermore, even though hemostasis has been confined somewhat more specifically to the region of surgery by bipolar instruments, the region of hemostasis cannot be as specifically controlled as a surgeon might wish. For example bleeding from one side of the sheared tissue may not be as controllable as from the other side, and until now there has been no means of selectively controlling on which side of the cut hemostasis can be made to occur or at least made dominant.


A method and an apparatus for interacting with a notification are provided. The method is adapted for an end apparatus to interact with a notification provided by a communication apparatus, in which the end apparatus and the communication apparatus are connected with each other. In the method, the notification provided by the communication apparatus is received and displayed. Next, a selection operation for the notification is received, and whether a content of the notification contains an executable intent is determined. If the intent is contained, the communication apparatus is triggered to execute the intent, and whether a screen activity of the communication apparatus is triggered by the execution of the intent is determined. If the execution of the intent triggers the screen activity, a result of executing the intent is displayed.

Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for notification, and more particularly to a method and an apparatus for interacting with a notification.
Description of Related Art
Currently, there are a large number of application programs available on the market that are capable of transmitting notifications of a communication apparatus such as mobile phone, tablet PC or the like to a computer, and the notifications are then received by a plugin in an operating system, a browser or a corresponding application program and displayed on the computer so as to catch a user's attention. Some of these programs only support one-way transmission of the notifications from the communication apparatus to the computer; some allow the user to perform specific operations on the computer, even allowing the user to operate the communication apparatus to execute operations.
The notifications provided by the communication apparatus not only have basic prompting functions. Some notifications also include executable intents for the user of the communication apparatus to respond to the notifications, such as answering a phone call or replying a message. However, when these operations are handed over to the computer, due to differences in operating systems, problems such as the operations being not supported or the execution results being not synchronized may occur. As a result, after the users respond to the notifications on the computer, they are usually unable to know the consequences of their operations, or they may receive too many unwanted notifications and feel disturbed.

Method and apparatus for interaction with notification


Embodiments are described for reducing common-mode current in electronic devices. In the various embodiments, a resonant converter is employed, for example in a power supply, and the resonant converter is driven by a DC input to generate an AC primary voltage on the primary windings of a power transformer. The DC input may be derived from an AC line voltage or a DC-to-DC converter. The AC primary voltage drives the primary winding of the transformer to generate an AC secondary voltage on at least one secondary winding of the transformer. The AC secondary voltage may then drive a rectifier, which in turn drives a low-pass filter to produce a DC output voltage. Phase-shift modulation is employed which, in conjunction with the resonant converter, applies a sinusoidal waveform to the primary of the transformer resulting in a reduced amount of common-mode current injected onto the secondary.

For a variety of consumer and commercial applications, electronic equipment requires that power be provisioned through alternating current (AC) power lines, such as the standard 60 Hz power lines in the United States. These AC power lines are typically referenced to earth ground. Power supplies are employed to convert input AC voltages to desired level(s) of direct current (DC) voltage needed by the internal components of the electronic equipment. Equipment often requires DC isolation between portions of their resident circuitry and earth ground for proper circuit operation and user safety, and power supplies generally provide such isolation.
Ideally, an isolated power supply should accept a wide range of AC power line voltages while producing a stable, constant DC voltage. Preferably, this capability is performed with essentially no power loss, and without producing any undesirable side effects that adversely impact the performance of the associated equipment. One such side effect commonly produced by power supplies is injected current, also referred to as common-mode AC current, that is induced in the DC outputs of a power supply due to coupling between the isolated and non-isolated portions of the supply. Typically, inter-winding capacitance in a power transformer within the power supply provides the major source of such coupling. High frequency applications, in particular, present problems in the design of transformers with reduced winding capacitance.
The injected current produced depends to some degree on the magnitude of the inter-winding capacitance and the magnitude, primary frequency, and harmonic content of the driving voltage applied at the terminals of the primary winding of the transformer. Winding capacitance can be separated into four categories: (1) capacitance between turns; (2) capacitance between layers; (3) capacitance between windings; and (4) stray capacitance, i.e., capacitance between the winding next to the core and the outer winding next to the adjacent circuitry.
A traditional isolated power supply 100, as shown in FIG. 1, normally exhibits some level of injected current. An AC line voltage VACL, drives the primary windings of a power isolation transformer 110, thereby inducing a smaller AC voltage VACT in the transformer secondary windings. This voltage then drives a rectifier 120, which converts the smaller AC voltage VACT into a half-wave or full-wave rectified voltage VACR. A low-pass filter 130 then converts the rectified voltage VACR into a DC voltage VDCR exhibiting some small AC "ripple." In some cases, a voltage regulator 140 is then employed to generate a DC output voltage VDCO with reduced AC ripple, while also providing some DC voltage level stability against amplitude changes in the AC line voltage VACL.
Usually, the rather high amplitude of the AC line voltage VACL produces a high level of injected current by way of the aforementioned inter-winding capacitance of the power transformer 110. Capacitance between the layers of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer contribute most to the overall capacitance, while winding-to-winding capacitance and stray capacitance perhaps contribute most to common-mode noise and circuit instability. In order to mitigate against this, special winding techniques, such as balanced windings, and electrostatic shielding are employed to reduce the capacitance, but at the expense of a more costly transformer.
In addition to the above, the traditional power supply 100 normally exhibits low power efficiency. This characteristic is caused by a relatively low transformer primary-to-secondary winding ratio to ensure that the smaller AC voltage VACT is of a sufficiently high magnitude when the AC line voltage VACT, is at a minimum. Therefore, when the AC line voltage VACT, is higher than its minimum, the smaller AC voltage VACT is higher than necessary to provide the required DC output voltage VDCO, resulting in higher power dissipation, sometimes resulting in power efficiency as low as 50%, or less.
Furthermore, in order to produce the same DC voltage for a wide range of AC line voltages VACL, the transformer 110 often employs multiple windings and taps to allow different AC line voltages VACL, to produce the same DC output voltage VDCO. The tap to be used in a particular circumstance is selected by way of a user-settable switch. While such a design lends flexibility with respect to the various AC power line voltages with which the associated equipment may be used, increased hardware costs and possible equipment damage result due to an incorrect switch setting.
To address this drawback, a switch-mode DC-to-DC converter 200, as displayed in FIG. 2, may be employed as part of a larger power supply. First, an AC power line voltage (not shown) is converted to a relatively high DC input voltage VDCI by way of rectifiers and filter capacitors (also not shown), typically by way of a line voltage selector switch. The DC input voltage VDCI is then quickly switched ON and OFF intermittently via an electronic switch circuit 210 (typically comprising a set of transistors), resulting in a switched DC voltage VDCS. The switched voltage VDCS, alternating between the magnitude of the DC input voltage VDCI and zero volts (or the "open" state) is then applied to the primary winding of an isolation transformer 230 to generate a transformed DC switched signal VDCT at the secondary winding. This voltage is then rectified by a rectifier 240 to produce a rectified voltage VR, which may then be passed to a low-pass filter 250 to reduce any AC components of that voltage VR, thus resulting in a final DC output voltage VDCO.
The magnitude of the DC output voltage VDCO is influenced primarily by the operation of the electronic switch circuit 210, which is managed by a control circuit 220. More specifically, the higher the duty cycle of the switches (i.e., the longer they are in the closed or ON state), the higher the DC output voltage VDCO. Thus, the control circuit 220 monitors the DC output voltage VDCO to adjust the duty cycle properly, often through an isolation circuit 260 to maintain galvanic isolation between the AC input power line and the output of the DC-to-DC converter 200.
Many such converters 200 available today can tolerate a wide range of DC power line voltages without the need for multiple taps or a switch. Power supplies that utilize such a converter 200 are termed "universal-input" power supplies.
Another advantage of such a design is that the use of an electronic switch circuit 210 results in the transistors involved transitioning into either the ON (saturated) or OFF (non-conducting) state very quickly, resulting in very little power loss, making the DC-to-DC converter 200 quite efficient. However, this design also results substantially in a square wave for the switched DC voltage VDCS being applied directly to the transformer. Such a signal possesses a strong harmonic content at high frequencies, thus producing a significant amount of injected current into the non-isolated portion of the converter 200. Also, to allow the use of a smaller transformer and other components, the control circuit 220 typically drives the switches at a much higher frequency (e.g., 20 kilohertz (kHz) to a few megahertz (MHz)) than that of an AC power line. Unfortunately, such high frequencies easily couple though the inter-winding capacitance of the transformer 230, therefore augmenting the injected current produced. Additionally, the fact that the magnitude of the switched DC voltage VDCS is relatively high further exacerbates this phenomenon. The resulting square-wave switched DC voltage signal that drives the primary of the transformer produces fast changes in voltages on the transformer and possess harmonic content at high frequencies, unfortunately injecting high common-mode current through the primary to secondary capacitances of the transformer. To eliminate this requires common-mode chokes on the secondary, which depending on the number of desired taps, can be complex and expensive. Capacitors to ground on the secondary would also be necessary to filter the common-mode noise that is generated, thereby compromising isolation.
One attractive approach for combating this is described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,030,689, issued Apr. 18, 2006 to the assignee of the present application. Here, the output of a class-D amplifier is low-pass filtered to drive the primary of the transformer with a sinusoidal waveform. However, readily available class-D amplifiers used in audio applications operate at relatively low frequencies, resulting in larger components, and the frequency of the signal driving the class-D amplifier is typically at least four times the frequency of the waveform on the transformer. Therefore, to increase the frequency of the transformer waveform (and decrease the size of components) entails switching at four times the frequency.
Another approach involves the use of a 60 Hz square-wave DC-DC converter to generate low common-mode current due to the low frequency of operation. The low frequency, however, necessarily results in very large components. Yet another approach is to cancel the common-mode current by creating an equal and opposite current to cancel the common-mode current generated by the circuit. This approach, however, requires calibration and adds parts and complexity.
Due to the drawbacks associated with existing approaches, a need therefore remains for an approved reduction in common-mode current in such applications.

Resonant converter for achieving low common-mode noise, along with isolated power supply and method employing the same


An object area tracking apparatus has: a face detection unit for detecting a face area on the basis of a feature amount of a face from a supplied image; a person's body detection unit for detecting an area of a person's body on the basis of a feature amount of the person's body; and a main object determination unit for obtaining a priority for each of the objects by using detection results by the face detection unit and the person's body detection unit and determining a main object of a high priority, wherein for the object detected only by the person's body detection unit, the priority is changed in accordance with a past detection result of the object in the face detection unit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an object area tracking apparatus and its control method and program.
2. Description of the Related Art
An image processing technique for automatically detecting a specific object pattern from an image is useful and can be used, for example, to specify an area of a person's face. Such an image processing technique can be used in many fields such as communication conference system, man-machine interface, security system, monitor system for tracking a person's face, image compression, and the like. In an image pickup apparatus such as digital camera, digital video camera, or the like, a specific object is detected from a photographed image and a detection result is set as a control target, thereby optimizing a focus and an exposure. For example, the Official Gazette of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-318554 discloses a photographing apparatus which detects a position of a face of a person in an image to focus on the face and photographs the image under exposure which is optimum to the face. The Official Gazette of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-211311also proposes image processing apparatus and method for detecting an upper half of a person's body from an image and counting the number of persons.
However, when the person's face is detected from the image, in the case where a feature of the face is not sufficiently obtained because the person is backward or the like, the face cannot be detected. In a case where the upper half of the person's body is detected from the image, even if the person is backward, the upper half can be detected. However, if the person is in a special attitude or if a portion of an area of the upper half of the person's body does not appear in the image, the upper half cannot be detected. That is, a detectable situation changes in dependence on a detecting method of the object. Therefore, in order to reduce a situation where the object cannot be detected and to improve a detection rate, a method whereby different detecting methods are used together is considered. For example, by using a result of the detection of the person's body for the object whose face could not be detected, the detection rate of the object can be improved.
There is a main object determination technique for selecting an object (main object) which is used in photographing control such as in-focusing or the like from the detected objects. In the case where a plurality of objects are detected, such a technique is used, for example, to select one main object to be subjected to adjustment of focus and exposure from the objects. The main object determination technique is required to automatically determine a target photographing object which the user intends to photograph.
By the detection of the person's body from the image, even in a state where the object is backward and the face cannot be seen, the object can be detected. However, even if the face could be detected, there is a case where the user does not want to select such a face as a main object. For example, in a scene in which a child or the like is always moving, in order to improve stability of the detection and tracking of the object, the user also wants to use detection data at the time when the person is backward or the like, as data of the main object. When such a show that a mascot is dancing is photographed, there is a case where an audience who is backward happens to be taken into a picture. In such a scene, even if the audience who is backward could be detected, the user does not want to select such an image as a main object.

Object area tracking apparatus, control method, and program of the same


A method of controlling a retarder brake system of a vehicle. The method comprises the steps of determining an operator braking input indicative of a desired vehicle deceleration and generating a desired retarder torque value (DT) corresponding to the desired vehicle deceleration value. The method further includes determining a wheel speed value for each wheel of the vehicle and generating a front-to-rear wheel slip (FRS) value indicative of rear wheel lockup as a function of the wheel speed values. A retarder torque reduction (TR) value is also generated as a function of the FRS value. A desired retarder torque command (TC) is then generated as a function of the DT and TR values. The method also includes the step of controlling the retarder as a function of the retarder torque command to achieve the desired vehicle deceleration. Thus, the TR value reduced the retarding torque which would otherwise be applied in response to the driver input, to prevent driven wheel lockup.

The invention relates generally to power assisted braking systems for vehicles and more particularly, concerns a method and apparatus for controlling the brake system of a vehicle having frictional duty brakes and an electrically controlled driveline retarder brake adjusted as a function of the driver""s braking command.
Conventional retarder brake systems, also known as eddy current braking systems, comprise a portion (stator) that is fixed to the chassis of the vehicle and that includes inductor windings, and a moving portion (rotor) including an armature, which is coupled to a rotary element of the vehicle, generally the transmission shaft. The armature is typically a body of ferro-magnetic material which, when moving relative to excited windings has electrical currents known as xe2x80x9ceddyxe2x80x9d currents induced therein. Because the resistivity of the armature, these eddy currents cause energy to be dissipated, resulting in the rotor, and thus the vehicle driveshaft, being slowed down. The energy is dissipated typically in the form of heat, and the rotor is commonly given a finned configuration suitable for disposing of the heat.
Most retarder brake systems are manually operated wherein the driver of the vehicle can actuate a multi-position control lever to obtain a braking effect on the vehicle with a torque that varies depending on the position selected for the lever. This variability is obtained by a set of relays each serving to excite one of the windings, with the number of relays in the closed-circuit position depending on the position of the lever. Thus, the driveline mounted retarder brake assists the existing frictional brake system in the braking the vehicle.
Most retarder brake systems are manually operated. Thus, there exists a need for an automated control method for actuating a vehicle driveline retarder to improve vehicle braking performance.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a control method for a vehicle electrical power assisted brake system which includes a driveline mounted retarder brake and frictional duty brake system.
According to the present invention, the foregoing and other objects are attained by a method of controlling a retarder brake system of a vehicle. The method comprises the steps of determining an operator braking input indicative of a desired vehicle deceleration and generating a desired retarder torque value (DT) corresponding to the desired vehicle deceleration value. The method further includes determining a wheel speed value for each wheel of the vehicle and generating a front-to-rear wheel slip (FRS) value indicative of rear wheel lockup as a function of the wheel speed values. A retarder torque reduction (TR) value is also generated as a function of the FRS value. A desired retarder torque command (TC) is then generated as a function of the DT and TR values. The method also includes the step of controlling the retarder as a function of the retarder torque command to achieve the desired vehicle deceleration. Thus, the TR value reduced the retarding torque which would otherwise be applied in response to the driver input, to prevent driven wheel lockup.
In another aspect of the present invention, the driver braking input includes a selectable vehicle braking characteristic in addition to the brake pedal input. Thus, for a given amount of brake pedal treadle, the operator can select the vehicle braking response by increasing or decreasing the retarder brake activation. In another aspect of the invention, the vehicle braking characteristic is nonlinear wherein, for increasing brake pedal treadle, the retarder brake provide increasing brake torque to the vehicle driveshaft. In this way, the vehicle operator can control the braking feel of the vehicle by overning the retarder brake actuation in response to brake pedal treadle. Further aspects of the present method incorporate traction control and activation of a limited slip differential.
An advantage of the present invention is that it extends the life of the frictional duty brakes by providing additional braking force via the retarder brake. Another advantage is improved brake pedal effort in that high braking torque at the wheels is achieved without requiring high pedal force and long pedal travel from the vehicle operator. Another advantage of the present invention is improved deceleration perception in that the retarder brake generates braking force at the rear wheels quicker than the frictional duty brake system thereby decelerating the vehicle with minimum pitch.
Another advantage of the present invention is an improved anti-lock brake strategy in that the brake retarder can be used to reduce braking torque when rear wheel lockup appears imminent. Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description of and appended claims, and upon reference to the accompanying drawings.


A droplet-jetting device having high jetting ability, which includes an actuator featuring a liquid chamber and a heater and a controller. The liquid chamber has an aperture for jetting droplets of an operation liquid which the liquid chamber accommodates. The heater provides thermal energy to the operation liquid and forms bubbles for droplet-jetting. The controller controls a driving signal, which is inputted to the heater. The driving signal includes a preparatory heating pulse signal, which corresponds to a preparatory heating energy for preparatory heating of the operation liquid, and a trigger pulse signal, which corresponds to a jetting thermal energy for bubble creation and growth. A power supplied by the preparatory heating pulse signal is smaller than a power supplied by the trigger pulse signal, and a heating duration by the preparatory heating pulse signal is longer than a heating duration by the trigger pulse signal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a droplet ejection method and device, and more specifically relates to a droplet ejection method and device for ejecting droplets by the application of thermal energy.
2. Description of the Related Art
Microactuators are known which, by using thermal energy or the like to cause a liquid to fly onto a medium in the form of small particles (known as droplets), form images of patterns and the like or form bodily structures of the liquid. Inkjet printer head technology is widely known as a technology which utilizes one of the functions of these microactuators. That is, in a printer which utilizes inkjet technology, ink droplets are jetted to provide an image on a paper surface.
Microactuators eject some kind of functional liquid onto a medium, implement patterning, and thus provide functionality to the medium.
Microactuators that are known include, for example, microactuators which are used for fabricating color filters, microactuators which are used for fabricating microlenses, microactuators which are used in medical nanopipettes, microactuators which are used for fabricating sensors, microactuators which are used for producing plates, proof plates and the like, and the like.
As applications for microactuators in color filter fabrication technology, a technique relating to a method of arrangement when filter material is to be discharged (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-pen (JP-A) No. 2002-273869) and a technique of controlling thickness and volume when a color filter is to be fabricated (see JP-A No. 9-21909) have been proposed. Further, for cases of applying microactuators to the fabrication of microlenses, a technique of focusing ultrasonic waves on a liquid surface in order to dropletize a curable resin liquid (see JP-A No. 2003-90904), and a structure of a lens fabrication apparatus together with a technique for ejecting variable weight amounts of a lens material liquid (see JP-A No. 2003-53747) have been proposed.
Further still, the application of microactuators to inkjets which serve as pipettes, which are mainly for medical use, has been investigated (see JP-A numbers 2001-228162 and 2001-232245). For the application of microactuators to the fabrication of sensors, a technique of discharging organic material onto electrodes by inkjets to form thin-film sensors has been proposed (see JP-A No. 2000-97894 and the publication of JP-A No. 2000-97894). For the application of microactuators to the production of plates, proof plates and the like, a method of controlling a recording head when fabricating a planographic plate with an inkjet has been proposed (see JP-A No. 2002-205370). Further yet, as microactuators which utilize electric fields, technologies which utilize electric fields for methods of more stably applying functional liquids to media have been investigated (see JP-A Nos. 2001-301154 and 2000-246887).
Variability of discharge amounts, breadth of a range of such variability, larger ejection forces, and the ability to eject various kinds of functional liquid are sought after as characteristics of these microactuators. Piezo-type actuators which are dependent on electromechanical transduction operations, actuators which utilize electric fields, and thermal boiling-type (thermal inkjet (TU)) actuators which utilize rapid heating and boiling are available as actuators that realize these characteristics.
Thermal boiling-type microactuators, in which displacement amounts that are achievable per unit area are large, are preferable for achieving reductions in size, cost and the like of microactuators. For pulse systems which utilize usual inkjets, in which these thermal boiling-type microactuators are applicable, technologies in which a pre-heating bias is applied before rising of a discharge pulse, a signal is applied for preliminary heating without forming bubbles, and a volume of ejected droplets is altered by the pre-heating, and/or in which a heater-driving waveform is varied from a simple rectangular wave have been proposed (see JP-A Nos. 63-132059, 54-39470, 2-214664 and 2000-246899). However, with pulse signals which are heater-driving signals for ejecting ink that is used in inkjets, in a case in which a single heater-driving waveform is simply altered and used at a microactuator, as heretofore, an ejection force for jetting of a functional liquid is inadequate. In other words, conventional techniques provide stable ejection states, but do not consider ejection forces.
In order to achieve a large ejection force with a thermal boiling-type microactuator, it is necessary to control behaviors relating to the generation of bubbles, which is based on rapid heating and boiling due to the application of thermal energy. Therefore, it is necessary to consider such behaviors and provide thermal energy to provide such behaviors.


In one embodiment, a network device is configured to generate a control protocol packet containing a source address of the network device and a destination address. The network device is configured to translate the source address to a interface device address of a first communication interface device included in the network device. The control protocol packet can be transmitted over the network by a second communication interface device included in the network device for receipt by a device based on the destination address.

A Service Provider may provide a Service Level Agreement (SLA) to an end user that includes operational performance related parameters which should be met by the Service Provider. Network performance related fulfilling data may be provided on regular basis to end users in order to show that the Service Providers are able to meet the SLA parameters. ITU-T G.8013 Delay Measurement and Loss Measurement Functionality/Tools are being used to provide those parameters to end customers.


A hockey puck of the type having a disk like main body which comprises a peripheral side surface substantially being of a cylindrical shape and comprises a top surface and a bottom surface all being flat, the hockey puck comprises the improvement of a plurality of bosses formed internally near the peripheral side surface and in an annular arrangement on each of the top and bottom surfaces, each of the bosses has a peak of small area. The puck is characterized in that the main body comprises two half main bodies made of hard material coupled with each other, and comprises a soft enveloping layer covering over the surfaces thereof but revealing only the bosses.

The present invention relates to a hockey puck, and especially to a hockey puck which suits various play grounds.
Conventional hockey pucks are used on an ice ground. The limitation of ground renders the hockey game not to be able of being popularized.
The conventional hockey pucks are designed and produced without regard to the wearing off problem, because the friction between an ice ground and a hockey puck is extremely small; therefore, the conventional hockey balls used in an ice ground are made of material not resistant to the wearing action. While if the pucks are used in other grounds such as grounds of earth, sand, or cement etc., the friction between the ball and the ground is larger, the pucks have to be made of material which is harder as well as more resistant to wearing. However, when a harder material is used, there will be the danger in case a hockey puck hits a game player to make a serious hurt.

Yan-Pyng Li, Dong-Shyh Chen Tair-Chung Shien


The invention is an interleaved electrical cable and a method of manufacture therefor. The cable is manufactured by interleaving the electrical traces of two cable subassemblies. Two cable subassemblies are manufactured and then bonded together with the traces of each subassembly interleaved with each other. The resulting interleaved fine line cable includes traces of a pitch less than that of either subassembly. Interleaved flexible cable subassemblies are also used to create the aforementioned traces of reduced pitch with one or more simple trace crossovers.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to fine line electrical cables. More particularly, the invention relates to flexible, fine line electrical cables which are manufactured by interleaving two electrical cable subassemblies.
2. Description of the Related Art
Electronic components often include flexible electrical cables for directing electricity to various subcomponents. Such flexible electrical cables are typically manufactured by creating electrical circuit traces etched from copper clad laminates and/or copper bond to a flexible substrate. A flexible insulating material such as polyimide is often selected as the substrate. A sheet of conductive material is laminated to the flexible substrate by using an adhesive such as phenolic butyral, acrylic or modified epoxy. Electrical traces are created in the conductive material lithographically. A photoresist is intimately placed upon the conductive material, exposed through a mask, and then the undeveloped photoresist is selectively removed from the areas between the desired traces. A chemical etchant which is relatively active upon the conductive material, but relatively inactive upon the photoresist, is then used to selectively remove the conductive material from the areas between the desired traces. The remaining photoresist is then stripped away, leaving only the substrate, adhesive, and the pattern of conductive traces thereon. The pattern is typically a set of parallel traces. A second layer of insulating material is then placed upon the conductive traces to completely insulate them, using additional adhesive as required.
Another known method of manufacturing flexible electrical cables begins with the deposition of an interface layer, such as chromium, upon a flexible substrate, such as polyimide. A thin layer of conductive material, such as copper is then deposited upon the interface layer. The interface layer and the conductive material may be deposited by sputtering. The interface layer ensures that the conductive material adequately adheres to the flexible substrate. Electrical traces are created lithographically. A photoresist is intimately place upon the thin layer of conductive material, exposed through a mask, and then the underdeveloped photoresist is selectively removed from the areas of the desired traces. A thick layer of the same conductive material is plated into the areas of the desired traces and the remaining photoresist is stripped away. The interface layer and thin layer of conductive material are then removed by chemical etching down to the substrate in the space between the thick conductive layer areas of the desired traces. The remaining electrical traces are thus composed of three layers added to the flexible substrate. Again, a second layer of insulating material is then placed upon the conductive traces to completely insulate them.
The aforementioned methods of manufacture are acceptable for many flexible electrical cable applications. However, the spacing between adjacent traces is limited by the resolution of the lithographic techniques used to remove the conductive material therebetween. Modern electronic components require increased concentrations of electrical traces (i.e. decreased spacing between traces). Thus, a heretofore unrecognized problem is how to achieve electrical traces in flexible cables at spacings less than those made possible by the resolution of the lithography technology.
Occasionally it is necessary to cross traces in flexible circuit cables. The crossed traces must be insulated from each other to prevent electrical shorting. Additional layers of conductive and insulating material are typically used to cross the traces. After the aforementioned patterning of the traces and stripping of the photoresist, additional patterning is used to raise a trace into another plane to allow for the crossover. Similar patterning may also be used to return the raised trace to its original plane. Such additional layers of material and patterning make the manufacture of the flexible electrical cables more complex, time consuming, and expensive. Such additional patterning may also include the use of conductive thru holes which employ plating, riveting, or other techniques to electrically connect two planes. Thru holes cannot be manufactured to have a diameter the same or less than the minimum electrical trace width made possible by the resolution of the lithography technology. The use of thru holes, therefore, increases the permissible width and spacing of electrical traces. Thus, another heretofore unrecognized problem is how to achieve simple trace crossovers in flexible electrical cables.


An electrooptic device is driven so that row groups of the pixels that are made black in a first precharge period and a row group of the pixels that are made black in a second precharge period are next to each other.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a technique for improving the moving-image display characteristic of an electrooptic device that employs what is called an area scanning drive system.
2. Related Art
Projectors are becoming widely used which form reduced images using an electrooptic device such as a liquid crystal device and which project the reduced images on enlarged scale with an optical system. Such electrooptic devices that form reduced images have the problem of so-called disclination (inferior orientation) because of the extremely narrow gap between the pixels. The disclination can be prevented by plane inversion (also referred to as frame inversion) in which adjacent pixels are given the same polarity. However, the plane inversion has the problem of causing a difference in display between the upper end and the lower end of the display screen.
To solve the problem of display difference, what is called an area scanning drive system has been proposed in which positive potential and negative potential are applied in the period of one frame, and areas to which the different potentials are written continue in the row direction so that the proportion of the pixels held at positive polarity to the pixels held at negative polarity in one column is one to one at any timing (see JP-A-2004-177930).
In the area scanning drive system, however, the same display content is maintained during one frame because both the positive and negative voltages provide the same display content although polarities are different. This increases the persistence of vision to cause the outline of moving areas to blurs thus posing the problem of low moving-image display characteristic. Such a problem of low moving-image display characteristic is not limited to the area scanning drive system but also occurs in display devices having a hold-type display characteristic such as liquid crystal displays.

Electrooptic device, scanning-line driving circuit, method for driving the same, and electronic device


A method of and apparatus for data recording and a method of and apparatus for data reproduction, are provided in which compression-coded moving picture signals can be continuously reproduced irrespective of the amount of information generated. When recording data obtained by compression-coding a moving picture signal of a fixed period of time on a recording medium, only writing to an FIFO buffer memory is effected and reading to the recording medium is inhibited for a fixed period of time from the output start of the data and, after the fixed period of time has elapsed, the writing of the compression-coded data to the FIFO buffer memory is continued and, at the same time, the data written to the FIFO buffer memory is read out at a data rate which is not lower than the data rate for the writing to packetize the data, the data thus packetized being recorded on the recording medium.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a data recording apparatus, a data reproducing apparatus, etc. in which moving picture signals are compression-coded for recording or reproduction.
The present invention further relates to a data transmission apparatus in which moving picture signals are compression-coded for transmission to remote sites.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally speaking, in systems for recording and reproducing digital moving picture signals and systems for transmitting them to remote sites, an image signal compression-coding method is adopted in order to efficiently utilize the capacity of the recording medium, the transmission line, etc. In such a method, it is general practice to perform the compression coding of moving picture signals by utilizing in-frame correlation or inter-frame correlation. Examples of the compression coding formats include MPEG1 and MPEG2. Further, coding methods in conformity with the H. 261 recommendation, etc. are available.
In compression coding apparatuses, etc. operating in accordance with such coding formats, coding is to be effected such that the amount of moving picture signal data generated during a fixed period of time is kept constant.
However, the amount of data generated by compression coding is usually not constant. Further, the amount of data thus generated differs from frame to frame.
If the amount of data generated per unit time is not constant, it is very difficult to directly record the generated data on a recording medium or directly transmit it.
This is generally due to the fact that the data recording rate or the data transmission rate is constant.
In view of this, a buffer memory is usually provided between the moving picture image compression coding section and the medium recording section or between the moving picture image compression coding section and the transmission section so that the data rate of the variable amount of coded data output to the recording apparatus, the transmission line, etc. may be kept constant. In the moving picture image compression coding section, the amount of coded data generated is adjusted such that the buffer memory will not suffer failure.
Thus, the average rate of data amount generated per unit time in the moving picture image compression coding section when performing moving picture image compression coding is the same as the data rate of the coded data output from the buffer memory.
The device for performing these operations is generally called an encoder, which includes the buffer memory.
In the device for decoding the compression-coded data to the original moving picture signals, a buffer memory similar to the one mentioned above is provided between the recording apparatus or the output end of the transmission line and the expansion decoding section. The device for performing these operations is generally called a decoder, which includes the buffer memory.
In this way, in the conventional encoder and decoder, compression coding processing is effected so that the amount of moving picture signal data per unit time may approach a constant value or it may approach a target generation amount of coded data.
Here, a case will be considered in which coded data obtained by compression-coding a moving picture signal of a time length T is recorded on a recording medium at a writing rate R, the recorded data then being read out at reading rate R and decoded to thereby reproduce the moving picture signal. In this case, the target generation amount of coded data Ei is given by the following equation: EQU Ei=R.times.T (1)
However, as shown by the following inequality, the actual amount of data generated Er is not the constant value R.times.T but varies as follows: EQU R.times.T-B.ltoreq.Er.ltoreq.R.times.T+B (2)
where B represents the capacity of the buffer memory provided in the encoder. That is, it is possible for the amount of coded data Er to vary by the capacity B of the buffer memory in the encoder.
Assuming that this data is recorded on the recording medium as it is and then read out, the reading time t is as shown by the following inequality: ##EQU1## The reproduction time for the moving picture signal which is obtained by decoding the data read out is also T. This shows that image reproduction time and the requisite time for reading out the data is not the same.
When, as in the case of an AV server, an arbitrary number of items of data obtained by compression-coding moving picture signals of a fixed period of time (they will be hereinafter referred to as "clips") are written to a medium, and an arbitrary number of clips are read out from the medium to continuously reproduce the image signals, the following problem is involved:
When an arbitrary number of clips obtained by compression-coding moving picture signals of a fixed period of time are written to a medium and an arbitrary number of clip image signals are continuously reproduced therefrom, the requisite time for reading out data differs for each item of data, so that, when the time for reading out data is longer than the time for reproduction, it is impossible to continuously reproduce the actual clip image signals without interruption.

Method of and apparatus for data recording, method of and apparatus for data reproduction, recording medium, and method of and apparatus for data transmission


A bat includes a composite material barrel. The barrel includes a plurality of layers. A stiffening layer forms one of the exterior layers of the barrel. The stiffening layer includes unidirectional fibers, where the unidirectional fibers are oriented to substantially encircle the barrel. The stiffening layer is positioned on the barrel to cover at least a portion of the sweet zone. The barrel may include multiple walls, where each wall includes a stiffening layer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a composite bat. More specifically, the barrel of the composite bat has greater stiffness in the sweet zone due to a layer of axially oriented fibers.
2. Description of Related Art
Composite materials are commonly used for high performance bats in diamond sports, particularly in softball. While composite materials may be expensive, composite materials may offer some advantages over more traditional materials, such as wood and metal, in terms of targeted strength and weight management.
Of the materials typically used to construct bats, composite materials allow for the most design flexibility and customization. Composite materials or composites are materials made from two or more individual materials. Composite materials may be formed of fibers embedded in a matrix. For example, a carbon fiber resin matrix composite material is made of carbon fibers embedded within an epoxy resin matrix. The carbon fibers have a high toughness and are typically brittle. The toughness of a material refers to the ability of that material to resist fracture. The brittleness or ductility of a material refers to the tendency of that material to deform prior to fracture. The more brittle a material, the less that material deforms prior to fracture. The more ductile a material, the more that material deforms prior to fracture. Most matrix materials tend to be ductile but not very tough. In other words, longitudinal stiffness, moment of inertia, mass, and center of gravity may be more precisely controlled using such design factors as type of matrix material, type and modulus of the fibers, orientation of the fibers, and number of layers or thickness of the composite.
Efforts have been made to increase the ability of a bat to rebound a ball efficiently, particularly in a region of the barrel known as the "sweet spot". In the sweet spot, the rebounding effect tends to be greater than at other points along the length of the barrel. The sweet spot of a bat may include much of the length of the barrel. Although the shape of the barrel is not generally altered, the stiffness of the barrel may be manipulated to increase the rebounding effect. However, increasing the stiffness of the barrel often simply involves increasing the amount of material in the barrel. Increasing the amount of material in the barrel tends to increase the weight of the barrel. A heavier bat typically leads to slower swing speeds and less powerful hits.
Therefore, there exists a need in the art for a bat having increased stiffness in the sweet spot while effectively managing weight.


A door knob lever for use by disabled persons to assist in turning a door knob. A truncated bracket including a central section and two sloping sections extending from the central section is provided with a handle extending, substantially at right angles from one side of the central section of the truncated bracket and a hook plate extending, also substantially at right angles, from the opposite side of the central section of the truncated bracket and extending in the opposite direction as the handle. Friction pads are secured to the two sloping sections of the truncated bracket to grip a door knob when the hook plate is about the neck of the door knob to cause movement of the ball of the door knob by movement of the lever.

In a co-pending patent application, Ser. No. 08/561,426, filed Nov. 21, 1995, of Edward J. Mutone, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,638,576 and assigned to a common assignee, a unique and highly desirable door knob lever is disclosed which provides a door knob lever which can be readily used by a disabled person. In that patent application, a discussion of the prior art is set forth and reference is made to that application for such background information. The Door Knob Lever, however, taught in that patent application, is a comparatively complex device, which is comparatively expensive to manufacture. In view of the need for such a device by persons, many of whom have limited financial abilities, it is most beneficial that the maximum number of persons requiring such a door knob lever will be able to obtain one.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a door knob lever that can be used on door knobs having different sizes.
Accordingly, it is another object of the present invention to provide a door knob lever which is easily carried and utilized by a person having restricted physical ability.
Accordingly, it is another object of the present invention to provide a door knob lever which is simple and durable.
Accordingly, it is another object of the present invention to provide a door knob lever which is economical to produce and to maintain.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art as the description thereof proceeds.


A method of and system for controlling an induction motor detects input frequency to the motor and connects windings of the motor in one of a plurality of configurations in dependence upon the detected frequency.

Often, variable speed induction motors are used to supply motive power to one or more loads, for example, on an aircraft. Also, frequently, these motors receive variable frequency power and thus drive the loads at a variable speed. When the load comprises a pump, fan or other load, high fluid friction losses are typically encountered at high motor speeds, thereby leading to an undesired decrease in efficiency. While the motor speed could be controlled over an input frequency range to limit losses, such an approach is typically implemented through the use of a power electronics based motor drive, which can be an expensive and complex circuit requiring cooling and which undesirably adds to the size and weight of the aircraft power system.

Method of and system for controlling a variable speed induction motor


A database environment includes a staging database and master database. Among other functions, the staging database provides a location to store data prior to be copied over the master database. Each time the database environment is modified (e.g., a developer specifies a different configuration associated with the staging database and/or the master database), a database administrator initiates execution of an auto-repository process to automatically generate a corresponding new set of routines enabling management of the database environment. Accordingly, each time there are changes to (one or more schemas associated with) the database environment, there is no need for a programmer to manually modify the corresponding management routines based on the changes. Instead, the auto-repository process automatically generates the corresponding set of custom routines to enable management of the database environment.

Information services and data processing industries in general have rapidly expanded as a result of the need for computer systems to manage and store large amounts of data. As an example, financial service companies such as banks, mutual fund companies and the like now, more than ever before, require access to many hundreds of gigabytes or even terabytes of data and files stored in high capacity data storage systems. Other types of service companies have similar needs for data storage.
Data storage system developers have responded to an increased need for storage by integrating high capacity data storage systems, data communications devices (e.g., switches), and computer systems (e.g., host computers or servers) into networks called "storage networks" or "Storage Area Networks" (SANs.) In general, a storage area network is a collection of data storage systems that are networked together via a switching fabric to a number of host computer systems operating as servers. The host computers access data stored in the data storage systems on behalf of client computers that request data from the data storage systems. For example, according to conventional applications, upon receiving a storage access request, a respective host computer in the storage area network accesses a large repository of storage through the switching fabric of the storage area network on behalf of the requesting client. Thus, via the host computer (e.g., server), a client has access to the shared storage system through the host computer. In many applications, storage area networks support high-speed acquisitions of data so that the host servers are able to promptly retrieve and store data from the data storage system.
Conventional storage area network management applications typically include a graphical user interface (GUI) that enables a network manager to graphically manage, control, and configure various types of hardware and software resources associated with a corresponding managed storage area network. For example, one conventional storage management application generates a graphical user interface utilized by a storage administrator to graphically select, interact with, and manage local or remote devices and software processes associated with the storage area network. Based on use of the graphical user interface in combination with an input device such as a hand operated mouse and corresponding pointer displayed on a viewing screen, a storage administrator is able to manage hardware and software entities such as file systems, databases, storage devices, volumes, peripherals, network data communications devices, etc., associated with the storage area network. Consequently, a storage management station and associated management software enables a storage administrator (a person responsible for managing the storage network) to manage the storage area network and its resources.
One way of managing resources associated with the storage area network is to maintain so-called managed objects. In general, a managed object is a software entity that defines a corresponding hardware or software resource of the storage area network. The network administrator utilizes the managed objects to identify different resources associated with the storage area network.
A set of managed objects can form an object hierarchy. A "top level" object (e.g., an object at a highest tier) associated with the hierarchy represents a particular storage resource (e.g., storage system) in the storage area network. Objects in the hierarchy beneath the "top level" object represent hardware or software resources of the storage area network associated with the particular storage resource. Accordingly, a hierarchy of managed objects can define specific resources and corresponding sub-resources in the storage area network associated with a respective storage system.
A storage administrator typically configures the storage area network to include multiple storage systems by creating and maintaining multiple object hierarchies. As suggested above, each object hierarchy represents a unique storage system (e.g., portion of storage area network resource information) associated with the storage area network. Certain resources can be shared among multiple storage systems. Thus, multiple object hierarchies associated with the storage area network can include the same managed object. Other resources of the storage area network can be exclusive to a particular one of the defined storage systems.
Typically, each managed object (e.g., storage area network resource) of the storage area network has associated object data. According to one conventional application, object data associated with respective managed objects is stored in a relational database. Upon instantiation, mapping metadata provides an indication how to populate managed objects with corresponding object data retrieved from the relational database.
Enterprise Storage Networks or Storage Area Networks (SANs) are large and complex environments that include various elements such as storage arrays, switches, hosts and databases all inter-networked. These elements may exist in number by the hundreds in large installations of such environments. These elements in turn may consist of several hundred or thousands of manageable elements or managed resources such as storage devices, storage and switch ports, database instances, host devices and file systems, and the like. Management of such environments is a daunting task and typically requires Storage Resource Management solutions such as EMC's Control Center (ECC) family of products, available from EMC Corporation of Hopkinton, Mass.
One configuration of ECC includes agents that are deployed on host computer systems in a SAN for the purpose of gathering data about the various managed resources in the SAN. The agents periodically collect network management data on components such as hosts, switches and storage systems that process and persist data, as well as on applications that use persisted information to enable the management of these environments. In other words, agents collect data associated with the managed resources, and that data is inserted into databases for use within Storage Resource Management solutions, such as ECC. ECC identifies the entire process of retrieving the collected data from agents to data persistence as a transaction. Agents collect data periodically, such as nightly, on the resources and engage in a transaction to send the colleted data to the ECC repository for access by ECC applications such as console and server processes that allow SAN administrators to manage the SAN.
In the ECC management application, an agent collects data associated with the managed resources such as data storage systems, hosts, switches and the like. When managed object data is inserted into the production database, that data can be displayed on the console for the network manager to view. In some instances, a set of managed object data collected by an agent from a resource such as a Symmetrix™ disk array system is a very large amount of data to be placed into the production database. In this situation, the agent divides the collected set of data into manageable partitions prior to being transmitted to the production database. The agent then serially transmits each partition, one by one, to a store process for placement into the production database (e.g., a master database) for storage. For large collections of such data, the agent transmits the data to the store process that performs a staging operation on the data in a staging database prior to making the data available to the server and console processes within the production database. One purpose of staging is to account for the time it takes the agent to transmit all partitions of a transaction between the agent and the store process. When the data from the agent is fully transferred to the store process (i.e. the last partition is received for a transaction) and is complete in the staging database, the last part of the staging operation causes the data in the staging database to be copied to the production database where the data is inserted for access by the management application (e.g. the server and console processes).

Automatic generation of routines and/or schemas for database management


In an operation support apparatus, an item memory section stores a plurality of items and attribute data. The plurality of items to be operated are displayed. A user's operation for one of the items is inputted. An intention decision section decides an operation intention according to the user's operation. An estimation section estimates a permissible future operation of the user according to the operation intention and the attribute data of each item. The items to be operated by the permissible operation are discriminated from other items during displaying the plurality of items.

In the development area of software, system/software design is executed by using a figure on a computer according to various methods. In this case, when the user finishes designing the system/software, he checks the content of the description result. Alternatively, the user selects "check item" and the computer automatically checks the description result according to a predetermined rule. However, if an error part is found in the description, it often happens that the influence of the error is extended not only to the error part but also to other part of the description. Therefore, much of the user's time is spent making corrections. In short, while operating the computer, there is no function for checking the user's description.
Recently, in the GUI (Graphical User Interface) environment, in order to print a file, a first icon representing the file is moved to a second icon representing the printer on the display by using a mouse. However, if a plurality of printers is connected to the computer, the user needs to know the most suitable printer in terms of paper size, color characteristics (color/monochrome), etc. In this case, he must previously examine the attribute of each printer and his work load greatly increases. In short, when selecting a printer, there is no function for presenting support information to the user.
As mentioned-above, in the computer system of the prior art, there is no function to support the user's operation during operation of the computer. Therefore, it often happens that the user cannot smoothly operate the computer to design a plan, write a description, or select, the most suitable icon (equipment) through the display.

Apparatus and method for transmitting an attribute value between items by a user's operation


A dividing bullet includes a projectile body having a longitudinal mid-plane and a pair of projectile halves. The halves are disposed on opposite sides of the longitudinal mid-plane and substantially symmetrical in relation to one another and to a longitudinal central axis of the projectile body. The dividing bullet also includes a seam extending through the projectile body formed between the halves along the longitudinal mid-plane of the projectile body. The halves are joined to one another along the seam by a joint that is weaker in strength than the material making up the pair of halves of the projectile body such that the projectile body will separate at the seam along the longitudinal mid-plane into the halves upon impact with a target.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to bullet constructions and, more particularly, is concerned with a dividing bullet with a weakened longitudinal seam extending along a longitudinal mid-plane of the bullet for producing two projectile halves upon impact with a target.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A bullet for use in hunting and personal defense ideally will travel accurately in flight from the gun to the target and upon impact with the target deliver a substantial shock and then penetrate the target body creating a wound channel of substantial cross-sectional size before exiting the target. The most violent, shocking, destructive and largest wound channels are made from a large cross section perpendicular to the axis of travel within the target. Also for a bullet to be effective it must retain as much of its weight after impact as possible so that it will maintain the momentum necessary to force its way through the target to make deep penetration.
Typical conventional hunting and personal defense bullets are made with a soft lead core projectile and a copper jacket covering all but about 10% of the projectile at the tip. Upon striking the target, these bullets are designed to deform into a mushroom-shape, making a large wound channel in the target body and providing substantial impact shock. However, a drawback of the mushroom-shape deformation is that substantial fragmentation of the bullet results, for example from about 40% to 50% of the bullet weight. The small fragments or pieces of the lead and copper jacket that break away from the bullet serve no useful purpose and reduce the overall weight retention of the bullet, thereby reducing its penetration capability and in many cases causing no exit wound. Substantial penetration is necessary for the bullet to completely pass through all of the vital organs, and the exit wound is important to leave a large blood trail.
Many different bullet designs have been proposed in the prior art. Representative examples of these bullets are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 90,732 to Curtis, U.S. Pat. No. 122,620 to Maduell, U.S. Pat. No. 221,249 to Nowlan, U.S. Pat. No. 275,674 to Littlepage, U.S. Pat. No. 948,148 to Schenk, U.S. Pat. No. 2,661,694 to Allen et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,097,603 to Harper, U.S. Pat. No. 3,138,102 to Meyer et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,282,214 to Briscoe, U.S. Pat. No. 3,665,861 to Jaslow, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,836,110 and 4,947,755 to Burczynski and U.S. Pat. No. 5,528,989 to Briese. However, it appears likely that most of these prior art bullets would meet with only limited success, if any at all, due to one or more of the following drawbacks: the multiplicity of parts forming the bullets would enhance rather than diminish their tendency toward fragmentation and achieve poor penetration; and the wedged, lopsided or asymmetrical shapes of the bullets would cause a wobbling of the bullet during flight and thus reduce bullet accuracy to the target as well as achieve poor penetration in the target.
Consequently, a need still exists for a bullet that more nearly approaches the ideal parameters set forth above by overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art bullets without introducing new drawbacks in their place.

Dividing bullet with weakened longitudnal seam for separating into halves upon impact with target


A scatterable dry cleaning composition containing: (a) cellulose powder adsorbent; (b) ground polyurethane foam absorbent; and (c) water.

This is a 371 application of PCT/EP95/01043 filed Mar. 21, 1995, which claims the priority of DE P4411046.4 filed Mar. 30, 1994.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a scatterable formulation for the dry cleaning of textiles, more especially carpets.
2. Discussion of Related Art
In addition to shampoos, powder-form cleaning formulations have recently been increasingly used for cleaning carpets and other textile coverings in situ, enjoying the advantage that they do not leave any marks and dry more quickly. Cleaning powders of the type in question consist essentially of relatively large quantities of adsorbents and a cleaning liquid--generally consisting for the most part of water--adsorbed thereon. It is assumed that the cleaning liquid is responsible for separating the soil particles from the fibers and transporting them to the adsorbent which, after drying, is removed together with the soil either by brushing or by vacuum cleaning. Various materials have been proposed as adsorbents. Of these, it is only intended here to mention the foam plastic powders described in Austrian patent 296 477. Above all, ground foam of urea/formaldehyde resin has been widely used in practice. More recent developments, as described for example in European patent application 178 566, have led to the use of cellulose powder as an adsorbent. Although an extremely high standard in regard to cleaning performance and non-discoloration had been achieved with cleaning formulations based on cellulose powder, a search was nevertheless made for new compositions which would have an even higher cleaning performance with less dust emission and which could be worked into the carpet without difficulty.


The invention relates to a nacelle (1) for a turbojet engine (8) comprising: an air intake structure (4) able to channel a flow of air towards a fan (7) of the turbojet engine (8), comprising an air intake lip (21) upstream of the nacelle (1) and attached at its ends to an outer panel (25) and an inner panel (23); a central structure (5) intended to surround said fan (7) and to which the air intake structure (4) is attached in such a way as to ensure aerodynamic continuity, said central structure (5) comprising a secondary, or bypass, flow path outer ring section (11) intended to surround the engine and a central outer cowl (13), and a downstream section (6), the outer panel (25) comprising a moving part (25a) attached to the air intake lip (21) and extending downstream of the inner panel (23) and at least one fixed part (25b) fixed to the central structure (5) or to the downstream section (6) and intended to nest together with the moving part (25a) through their having complementary shapes.

An aircraft is propelled by one or several propulsion assemblies comprising a turbojet engine housed in a tubular nacelle. Each propulsion assembly is attached to the aircraft by an attachment pylon generally situated under a wing or at the fuselage.
A nacelle generally has a structure comprising an air intake upstream of the engine, a central section intended to surround a fan of the turbojet engine, a downstream section housing thrust reverser means and intended to surround the combustion chamber of the turbojet engine.
"Downstream" here refers to the direction corresponding to the direction of the air flow, in particularly of cold air, penetrating the turbojet engine. "Upstream" designates the opposite direction.
The air intake comprises, on one hand, an air intake lip adapted to allow optimal collection towards the turbojet engine of the air necessary to supply the fan and the internal compressors of the turbojet engine, and on the other hand, a downstream structure on which the lip is attached and intended to channel the air suitably towards the vanes of the fan. The assembly is attached upstream of a fan case surrounding the fan belonging to the turbojet engine.
The nacelle houses internal equipment necessary for the operation of the turbojet engine. This internal equipment is housed on a large portion of the length of the nacelle. Thus, upstream of the nacelle, there are deicing systems to prevent frost or ice from forming on the air intake lip and thereby greatly decreasing the performance of the engine. Further downstream, some internal equipment allows the supply and proper operation of the engine.
Currently, maintenance operations on this internal equipment require the builders to provide access hatches. Despite the efforts made to optimize the positioning of the hatches and allow the easiest possible access, it is sometimes necessary to reach said equipment using specific tools, such as an endoscope, which is not fully satisfactory in terms of monitoring this equipment.
Moreover, in the event it is necessary to replace part of the internal equipment, it is generally necessary to take out the entire air intake structure, which requires significant tools and causes immobilization of the propulsion assembly and therefore of the aircraft in general.
It will also be noted that the conditions for exploitation and maintenance of an air intake require distinct components, such as a sectorized modular lip as well as an easily removable outer panel due to their high replacement rate as a result of their direct exposure to the outside environment and any projectiles. These constraints significantly reduce the integrity of the general aerodynamic line of the air intake structure, which the presence of access hatches further aggravates.
Solutions have been presented in document U.S. Pat. No. 5,609,313 and application FR 06/08599. In order to offset the mentioned drawbacks, these documents provide a turbojet engine nacelle comprising an air intake structure that can be translated forward and thereby at least partially exposes the area situated inside the nacelle.
In this way, by incorporating the air intake lip into the outer panel so as to form a single disassemblable piece, disassembly and at least partial replacement of the air intake structure are made easier. As a result, it is possible to access internal equipment without demanding substantial and complicated maneuvers or requiring a long immobilization time.
These mobile cowls are generally mounted on a rail/slide system made up of rails and slides arranged around the nacelle. The rails make it possible to release the assembly formed by the outer panel and the air intake lip to free the zone situated inside the air intake structure. Nevertheless, the internal equipment housed downstream of the air intake structure remains difficult to access.
Application GB 2 274 490 proposes a nacelle in which the outer panel and the air intake lip form a movable structure sliding in the upstream direction of the nacelle via a system of rails. Furthermore, the outer panel covers the inner panel and the fan casing to which the inner panel is attached.
Nevertheless, this type of nacelle can be difficult to manipulate. There is a significant risk of jamming, in particular between the attachment pylon and the outer panel. Furthermore, this type of nacelle is not suitable for nacelles arranged at the fuselage of an aircraft and for which the attachment pylon is substantially horizontal relative to the body of the aircraft. In that case, the thickness of the nacelle is thin with the result that the outer panel can abut against internal equipment present inside the nacelle.


In a substrate processing apparatus, with an internal space of a chamber brought into a pressurized atmosphere, an etching process is performed by continuously supplying a first processing liquid onto an upper surface of a substrate while rotating the substrate. It is thereby possible to suppress vaporization of the first processing liquid on the substrate and further suppress a decrease in the temperature of the substrate due to the heat of vaporization as it goes from a center portion of the substrate toward a peripheral portion thereof as compared with under normal pressure. As a result, it is possible to improve the uniformity in the temperature of the upper surface of the substrate during the etching process using the first processing liquid and improve the uniformity of etching over the entire upper surface of the substrate.

In a process of manufacturing a semiconductor substrate (hereinafter, referred to simply as a "substrate"), conventionally, various processings are performed on a substrate by using a substrate processing apparatus. By supplying a processing liquid onto a substrate having a surface on which a resist pattern is formed, for example, a processing such as etching or the like is performed on the surface of the substrate. Further, after the etching is finished, a process of removing the resist from the substrate and a process of cleaning the substrate are also performed.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-85150 (Document 1) relates to a method of cleaning a substrate on which a fine pattern is formed. In a cleaning device shown in Document 1, the inside of a sealed cover in which a substrate is placed is vacuumed to degas the substrate, and the wettability of a surface of the substrate can be thereby improved. Subsequently, a processing liquid is supplied into the sealed cover and the whole of the substrate is immersed in the processing liquid. Then, after bringing the inside of the sealed cover back to normal pressure and removing the sealed cover, rotation of the substrate is started and a cleaning process and the like are performed while the processing liquid is supplied onto the substrate. In the cleaning device, by improving the wettability of the surface of the substrate, a cleaning solution can be brought into good contact with a recessed portion of the fine pattern. Further, in the cleaning device, by increasing pressure in a state where the substrate is immersed in the cleaning solution, the cleaning solution can be infiltrated into the recessed portion of the fine pattern.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-191251 (Document 2) discloses an apparatus in which by supplying vapor or the like to a wafer placed in a pressurized chamber in a pressurized atmosphere, moisture is infiltrated into an unnecessary substance on an upper surface of a wafer, and then the unnecessary substance on the upper surface is removed by supplying hot water or the like under normal pressure or in a reduced pressure atmosphere. Further, in a semiconductor wafer developing device disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-283413 (Document 3), after bringing a processing chamber in which a semiconductor wafer is contained into a reduced pressure atmosphere, by opening a developer supply valve, the processing chamber is filled with the developer. Then, the semiconductor wafer is immersed in the developer and the semiconductor wafer is thereby developed.
In a film formation device disclosed in Patent Publication No. 3099053 (Document 4), a process gas supply part is provided above a wafer in a chamber and an infrared lamp is provided below the wafer. Then, after bringing the inside of the chamber into a vacuum atmosphere, by supplying a process gas while heating the wafer, a thin film is formed on a surface of the wafer. Further, in an apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-246156 (Document 5), after rinsing a developer or the like on a wafer by using a rinse liquid, the wafer is dried while being rotated at high speed in a reduced pressure atmosphere.
On the other hand, a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-22428 (Document 6) uniformizes the amount of processing liquid to be dropped between a center portion of a substrate and a peripheral portion thereof by linearly moving a processing liquid discharge nozzle for dropping a processing liquid toward the substrate in a radial direction above the substrate being rotated.
In the cleaning device disclosed in Document 1, the cleaning solution is supplied onto a center portion of the substrate being rotated under normal pressure and the cleaning solution is spread toward a peripheral portion of the substrate by centrifugal force, to thereby clean the substrate. In the cleaning device, some of the cleaning solution is vapored while the cleaning solution is moved from a center portion of the substrate toward the peripheral portion thereof and the temperature of the substrate is lowered by the heat of vaporization. For this reason, the temperature of the substrate is lowered as it goes from the center portion of the substrate toward the peripheral portion thereof, and therefore there is a possibility that the cleaning may become non-uniform as it goes from the center portion of the substrate toward the peripheral portion thereof.
On the other hand, in the manufacturing apparatus disclosed in Document 6, since the processing liquid is discharged while the processing liquid discharge nozzle is moved above the substrate being rotated under normal pressure, there arises no large difference in temperature between the center portion of the substrate and the peripheral portion thereof. If such a structure is applied to an apparatus in which a substrate is processed in a chamber, however, since a mechanism for moving the processing liquid discharge nozzle is needed, the chamber and the entire apparatus are upsized.

Substrate processing apparatus and substrate processing method


A filtering engine may read samples from a sample buffer and spatially filter (e.g., convolve) the samples to generate pixels. The pixels may have a high dynamic range of luminance. Thus, the filtering engine may apply automatic gain control and/or dynamic range compression on pixel luminance or pixel color. A rendering engine may generate the samples in response to received graphics data and store the samples in the sample buffer. A sample may include one or more data fields which represent color (or intensity) information. The data field may include exponent information (e.g., an amplification control bit) and a mantissa. The exponent information may determine an extent to which the mantissa is amplified (e.g., left shifted) in the filtering engine.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to the field of computer graphics and, more particularly, to the field of hardware graphics accelerators.
2. Description of the Related Art
Graphics rendering systems may be configured to compute frames of pixels in response to frames of received graphics data. The computed pixels may have a larger dynamic range of luminance than the display devices that will display the output video. Thus, there exists a need for systems and methods capable of compressing the dynamic range of images generated by graphics rendering systems to conform to the dynamic range of display devices such as monitors, projectors, head mounted displays, printers, etc.
Some of the frames generated by the graphics rendering system may have an over-exposed appearance on screen because the magnitude of the computed pixels representing those frames are significantly larger on average than a maximum displayable pixel intensity. Other frames may have an under-exposed appearance because the magnitude of the computed pixels representing those frames are much smaller than the maximum displayable pixel intensity. Furthermore, it is possible that a single rendered frame may have both underexposed portions and overexposed portions. Thus, there exists a need for a system and method that is capable of scaling the intensity of frames of pixels to achieve an optimal amount of average luminance per frame relative to the displayable range of luminosities for a display device.
A software rendering system may be configured to (a) generate supersamples in response to received graphics data and (b) compute pixels by filtering the supersamples. The filtering process may involve the averaging of hundreds of supersamples to determine a single pixel. If the numeric range of the supersamples is limited, a single sample may not have sufficient energy to turn on a pixel by itself. Thus, when rendering a dot, it may be necessary to represent the dot (or line) with a set (e.g., a disk shaped region) of supersamples centered on the dot position. Furthermore, the transparency values of the set of supersamples may be ramped down to zero as some function of radius with respect to the dot position to avoid jaggedness in the dot's onscreen appearance. The filtering performed in (b) further smoothes and widens the dot. A one-dimensional object such as a line segment may also require representation as a set (e.g. a rectangle) of supersamples and transparency modulation to avoid the anti-aliasing artifacts. Thus, zero-dimensional or one-dimensional objects may end up non-trivially occluding portions of more distant objects. Therefore, there exists a need for a system and method capable of rendering dots and lines in a manner that avoids aliasing artifacts, and yet, reduces (or minimizes) the occlusion of more distant objects (or portions of objects).

Automatic gain control, brightness compression, and super-intensity samples