The present invention provides a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound represented by formula (I):

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are receptor-type protein tyrosine kinases (PTK). FGFRs are enzymes that are activated by dimerization caused by the binding of a fibroblast growth factor (FGF), which is a ligand of the kinases, and that phosphorylate various proteins, which are intracellular substrates, and thus relate to proliferation and differentiation of cells. It is known that FGFRs include four subtypes, namely, FGFR1 to FGFR4 [Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, Vol. 6, p. 469 (2002)]. Recently, according to results of the examination of patient specimens, the FGFR3 gene is overexpressed by a chromosome translocation in about 25% of patients having multiple myeloma [Blood, Vol. 92, p. 3025 (1998)]. In addition, the FGF is highly expressed in the bone marrow of patients having multiple myeloma, and thus it is believed that activation of FGFR3 signals occurs in multiple myeloma cells that express, FGFR3 [Blood, Vol. 101, p. 2775 (2003)]. Furthermore, an active mutation of FGFR3 in cell strain and patient specimens of multiple myeloma is known, and it is believed that, by transmitting cell proliferation signals, such a constant-activation causes infinite proliferation of cells, and this is an important cause of multiple myeloma [Blood, Vol. 97 p. 729 (2001)]. Furthermore, overexpression and active mutation of FGF or FGFR have been reported in various types of cancers other than multiple myeloma (for example, pituitary tumor, myeloproliferative disease, renal cancer, urinary bladder cancer, colon cancer, head and neck cancer, skin cancer, stomach cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, brain tumor, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer) [Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, Vol. 6, p. 469 (2002) and Nature, Vol. 411, p. 355 (2001)]. Accordingly, it is believed that an FGFR inhibitor is useful as a therapeutic agent for various cancers such as multiple myeloma.
Aurora kinases are serine/threonine kinases that are activated during the cell division phase (G2/M phase) and it has been reported that Aurora kinases are involved in centrosome duplication, chromosome separation, cytokinesis and the like. It is known that Aurora kinases include three subtypes, namely, Aurora A, Aurora B, and Aurora C. Among these, Aurora A is present on chromosome 20q13 whose amplification has been reported in various types of cancers. Overexpression of Aurora A has been frequently observed in breast cancer, colon cancer, urinary bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, ovarian cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer and the like, and the correlation between Aurora A and the degree of malignancy or the prognosis of the diseases has also been reported [Trends in Cell Biology, Vol. 9, p. 454 (1999); British Journal of Cancer, Vol. 84, p. 824 (2001); Journal of National Cancer Institute, Vol. 94, p. 1320 (2002); Clinical Cancer Research, Vol. 9, p. 1420 (2003); Clinical Cancer Research, Vol. 11, p. 1827 (2005); and Clinical Cancer Research, Vol. 10, p. 2065 (2004)]. It has been reported that Aurora B is also overexpressed together with Aurora A in clinical specimens of breast cancer and colon cancer [Oncogene, Vol. 14, p. 2195 (1997); and EMBO Journal, Vol. 17, p. 3052 (1998)]. It is believed that such an abnormal activity of mitotic kinase is one of the causes of chromosome instability, which is a characteristic of many cancer cells. Accordingly, it is believed that an Aurora inhibitor is useful as a therapeutic agent for various cancers such as colon cancer.
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (hereinafter referred to as Flt-3) is a receptor-type protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) belonging to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) family. Flt-3 is an enzyme that is activated by dimerization caused by the binding of an Flt-3 ligand, which is a ligand of the kinase, and that phosphorylates various proteins, which are intracellular substrates, and thus relates to proliferation and differentiation of cells. It is known that, Flt-3 is particularly expressed in hematopoietic stem cells, and Flt-3 or Flk-2 (Fetai liver kinase-2) plays an important role in proliferation thereof [Cell, Vol. 65, p. 1143 (1991)]. Recently, results of examination of specimens from leukemia patients showed that activation of Flt-3 occurs without ligand binding to Flt-3 by a mutation caused by inserting a repetitive sequence of tyrosine residue in the juxtamembrane domain of Flt-3 (internal tandem duplication (ITD)) [Leukemia, Vol. 11, p. 1447 (1997)]. It has also been reported that a similar activation of Flt-3 is caused by a mutations including elongation or shortening of the amino-acid sequence in the juxtamembrane domain of Flt-3 [Blood, Vol. 96, p. 3907 (2000)]. In addition, it has been reported that Flt-3 is activated by a point mutation of an amino acid in the kinase domain of Flt-3 [Blood, Vol. 97, p. 2434 (2001)]. It is believed that such a constitutive activation based on these Flt-3 mutations causes infinite proliferation of cells by transmitting cell proliferation signals and therefore is an important cause of leukemia. Accordingly, it is believed that an Flt-3 inhibitor is useful as a therapeutic agent for various cancers such as leukemia. Drugs such as SU11248, CHIR-258, CT53518, CEP-701, and PKC412 have been reported as drugs that act on Flt-3. It is known that these drugs exhibit an antitumor activity in leukemia-transplant mice [Blood, Vol. 101, p. 3597 (2003); Clinical Cancer Research, Vol. 11, p. 5281 (2005); Cancer Cell, Vol. 1, p. 421 (2002); Blood, Vol. 99, p. 3885 (2002); and Cancer Cell, Vol. 1, p. 433 (2002)].
As described above, inhibitors against a kinase relating to proliferation, differentiation or malignant alteration of cancer cells have attracted attention as novel antitumor agents. For example, Imatinib that selectively inhibits Abl kinase is clinically used as a drug that has low toxicity and a high clinical effect to chronic leukemia patients [New England Journal of Medicine], Vol. 345, p. 645 (2002)]. Drugs such as PD173074, PKC412, BIBF1000, CHIR-258, and SU5402 have been reported to act on FGFR. It is known that these drugs exhibit an antitumor activity in several evaluation models [Blood, Vol. 103, p. 3521 (2004); Leukemia, Vol. 18, p. 962 (2004); Oncogene, Vol. 24, p. 8259 (2005); Blood, Vol. 107, p. 2079 (2006); Blood, Vol. 105, p. 2941 (2005); and Clinical cancer research, Vol. 11, p. 2702 (2005)]. Examples of known drugs that inhibit Aurora kinases include Hesperadin [The Journal of Cell Biology, Vol. 161, p. 281 (2003); US2003/0069299], ZM447439 [The Journal of Cell Biology, Vol. 161, p. 267 (2003); WO01/21596], PHA-680632 [Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 48, p. 3080 (2005); WO02/12242], AZD1152 [Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 49, p. 955 (2006), Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Vol. 16, p. 1320 (2006); WO04/058781], JNJ-7706621 [Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 48, p. 4208 (2005)], VX-680 [Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 5, p. 199 (2005); and Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, Vol. 15, p. 1169 (2005)], or the like. It has been reported that VX-680 exhibits an antitumor activity in human-tumor-transplant mouse and rat models [Nature Review. Cancer, Vol. 4, p. 927 (2004); and Nature Medicine, Vol. 3, p. 262 (2004)]. It has been reported that JNJ-7706621 exhibits an antitumor activity in human-tumor-transplant mouse models [Cancer Research, Vol. 65, p. 9038 (2005)]. However, drugs that simultaneously inhibit several kinases having an important role in cancers and exhibit an antitumor activity by mechanisms based on the inhibition of the function of the kinases have not been reported. Accordingly, drugs that not only inhibit a respective kinase but also target several kinases simultaneously are expected to be useful as novel antitumor agents.
Isoindolinone derivatives having an inhibitory activity against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR2)/kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) are known (Patent Documents 1 to 3 and Non-Patent Document 1).
Phthalimide derivatives having an inhibitory activity against AKT, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK-1), p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K), and p160-Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) are known (Patent Document 4).
Isoindolinone derivatives having an inhibitory activity against mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) are known (Patent Document 5).
Patent Document 1: WO 04/108672
Patent Document 2: U.S. Patent Application Publication 2005/0026976
Patent Document 3: WO 04/021532
Patent Document 4: WO 05/039564
Patent Document 5: WO 05/051300
Non-Patent Document 1: "Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters", Vol. 14, p. 4505, 2004

Abstract: {wherein W represents a nitrogen atom or —CH—;    X represents —C(═O)— or —CHR4— (wherein R4 represents a hydrogen atom, or the like};    R1 represents a group represented by the following formula:

Abstract: [wherein Q1 represents a nitrogen atom or —CR8— (wherein R8 represents a hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, or the like). Q2 represents —NR15— (wherein R15 represents a hydrogen atom, or the like) and R5 and R6 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, or the like]; and            R2 and R3 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, or the like} or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the like.


A system to control a plurality of server computers as a group on a single client computer. An input/output (I/O) control system controls the command input/output from a plurality of consoles to a single server. The input/output control system controls the I/O status of the commands from each console to the server, and controls the I/O of commands from the various consoles based on the respective I/O statuses. A console display receives a message from a server and displays server console information in a manner identifiable from other server console information in response to the message received from the server.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a device for integrated control of a plurality of server computer consoles on one, two or more client computers, and, more particularly, to an improved graphical user interface ("GUI") for controlling a plurality of server computer consoles as a group.
2. Description of the Related Art
Server computers require consoles, which are used for the server computer operating system (OS) installation, system maintenance, and system control. For example, UNIX hosts require consoles ("UNIX" is a registered trademark of Open, Ltd.). A user is able to operate the server computer by inputting commands using the console, and the console displays messages from the server.
Conventionally, a single console display device or personal computer that displays the console is required for a single server computer. The server computer console is displayed on the console display device or the personal computer display connected to the server computer with a one-to-one cable connection, such as a direct connection using a serial RS-232C cable. FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a conventional system of server computers 101A, 101B (UNIX hosts), which are respectively connected via connection cables 102 to consoles 103a, 103b (personal computers). As shown in FIG. 1, the respective UNIX hosts J 101A, 101B (where J=A, B, C, etc., and where capital letters are used to indicate server computers) are connected to personal computers PCk 103a, 103b (where k=a, b, c, etc., and where lower case letters are used to indicate client computers) using an RS-232C serial cable 102. The consoles for UNIX host A 101A and UNIX host B 101B are displayed on the displays of personal computers PCa 103a and PCb 103b, respectively.
FIG. 2 illustrates a conventional console 200 for UNIX host A 101A displayed on the display of personal computer PCa 103a. As shown in FIG. 2, "% %" is a command prompt, and following the command prompt "% %" are messages from UNIX host A or commands input into the UNIX host.
Conventionally, it has not been possible to control a plurality of UNIX host consoles as a group on two or more client computers. More specifically, it has not been possible to control UNIX host consoles as a group on more than one client computer because commands input simultaneously to the same server computer from a plurality of client computers cause command collisions to occur because the console performs the input/output (I/O) for the server computer.

Console input/output control system and console control device


A rotor hub assembly for a helicopter includes a rotor hub operably connectable to a shaft of a helicopter. One or more flex beams extend through the rotor hub, with each end of each flex beam operably connectable to a rotor blade. One or more inner bearings are located at the rotor hub to spherically support the one or more flex beams in the rotor hub. A rotor assembly for a helicopter includes a rotor hub operably connectable to a shaft of a helicopter. One or more flex beams extending through the rotor hub and one or more inner bearings are located at the rotor hub to spherically support the one or more flex beams in the rotor hub. A plurality of rotor blades are operably connected to the ends of the one or more flex beams.

The subject matter disclosed herein generally relates to rotors for aircraft use. More specifically, the subject disclosure relates to rotor head configurations for rotors of helicopters.
A typical rotor for, for example, a helicopter, includes a plurality of blades secured to a rotor hub. One configuration of helicopter rotor is a flex beam rotor head. The flex beam rotor head includes one or more flexible beams to which the plurality of blades are secured. The flex beams are typically constructed to at least partially accommodate blade flap and blade pitch changes of the rotor blades. For rotors having an even number of blades, one configuration of rotor head is referred to as a crossbeam rotor head. The crossbeam rotor head includes flex beams extending through an axis of rotation of the rotor and crossing at the axis of rotation. In a cross beam rotor head, a rotor blade is secured to each end of each flex beam. In a typical cross beam rotor, the flex beams are clamped to each other at the rotor hub and secured thereto. The clamping of the flex beams restrains the pitch motion of the flex beams at the rotor hub, thus the flex beams must be configured to accommodate the entire range of pitch change of the rotor blades over approximately one half of the flex beam's length, from the rotor hub to an attachment point of the rotor blade. Thus, to achieve acceptable service life, the geometry and composite laminate properties of the typical flex beam are modified to handle the blade pitch change, but this results in degraded aerodynamic efficiency of the rotor system given the geometrical constraints of the cross beam rotor head.
The art would well receive a flex beam rotor head which improves the aerodynamic efficiency of the rotor by improving the packaging constraints created by twisting of the flexbeam.


A tape printing apparatus and method for printing a series of characters on a tape including an input device to input a series of characters, and a display device coupled to the input device and configured to display the series of characters. A tape length calculator is coupled to the input device to automatically calculate a total length of tape to be printed based upon the series of characters. The printing apparatus further includes a unit selector to convert the total length into a displayed length of a selected unit of length selected from at least two different choices of units of length, and a tape length display for displaying the displayed length in the selected unit of length prior to printing. A storage device is coupled to the unit selector and is adapted to store the length unit as a selected display unit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of editing text data to be printed in a plurality of lines as well as to a printing device for printing the edited text data in the plurality of lines.
2. Description of the Related Art
Among a variety of printing devices generally known, there are small-sized printing devices for printing desired text data on a surface of an adhesive tape having an adhesive rear face. With such a tape printing device, a desirable title or name is printed on a label (cut piece of a tape) through simple operation. These labels with an adhesive are applied in both domestic and business fields, for example, on the spine of business files or the back of video tapes.
A high-functional, value-added printing device has been developed to allow text data to be printed in a plurality of lines on the tape. Tape cartridges used for the printing device may accommodate transferable tapes and those of various colors and widths other than the conventional adhesive tapes.
The value-added function of printing text data in a plurality of lines, however, leads to increase the size of the device undesirably, thereby damaging the advantages of the portable printing device. The size increase of the high-functional printing device is mainly attributable to a large display unit for editing text data of plural lines.
Simple down-sizing of the display makes it difficult to check and observe information and data on the display. Another possible structure for the down-sizing shows only part of text data to be edited. This deteriorates the efficiency of editing procedures and may result in waste of the tape since mistakes are often found after the printing on the tape.
There is a known function applicable to the printing device, which calculates a required length for input text data and displays the required length of the tape. A fixed unit of length is, however, confusing since some nations adopt the metric system whereas other nations use the inch-yard system. Calculation results of the required length based on the input text data may cause display of rather complicated numbers with decimal point.
One object of the invention is accordingly to provide a printing device having a small display unit which allows the user to easily check and observe data and information without deteriorating the efficiency of editing procedures.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method of editing data with such a printing device.
The above and other related objects are realized by a tape printing device for editing data of up to xe2x80x98nxe2x80x99 lines, where xe2x80x98nxe2x80x99 is an integer at least 2, and printing the edited data in xe2x80x98mxe2x80x99 lines, where xe2x80x98mxe2x80x99 is an integer between 1 to the maximum line number xe2x80x98nxe2x80x99. In the tape printing device of the invention, the edited data are displayed on a main display unit in xe2x80x98pxe2x80x99 lines, where xe2x80x98pxe2x80x99 is an integer between 1 to xe2x80x98nxe2x80x99xe2x88x921. A line currently edited is displayed as a digit on an auxiliary display unit. The data which occupies a relative large display area and includes data of the line currently edited are displayed on the main display unit while the current editing position is indicated on the auxiliary display unit.
The invention is also directed to another tape printing device for editing data of up to xe2x80x98nxe2x80x99 lines, where xe2x80x98nxe2x80x99 is an integer at least 2, and printing the edited data in xe2x80x98mxe2x80x99 lines, where xe2x80x98mxe2x80x99 is an integer between 1 to xe2x80x98nxe2x80x99. In the tape printing device of the invention, the edited data are displayed on a display unit in xe2x80x98pxe2x80x99 lines, where xe2x80x98pxe2x80x99 is an integer between 1 and the maximum line number xe2x80x98nxe2x80x99. The data displayed on the display unit can be scrolled along each line. A digit representing a line number at a head of the data displayed on the display unit is indicated in either of the following forms. When the data is scrolled to make the head of the data reach an end of the display unit and further scrolled to be out of a display area of the display unit, the digit representing a line number is indicated at a fixed position on the end of the display unit. When the data is scrolled to make the head of the data reach the end of the display unit and further scrolled to be within the display area of the display unit, the digit representing a line number is indicated at the head of the data.
According to another aspect of the invention, a tape printing device for printing data on a tape or recording medium inputs data, prints the input data on the tape, and cuts the tape with the data printed thereon at a specified length. The specified length of the tape with the data printed thereon is displayed together with a unit of length on the display unit prior to the printing procedures. The unit of length can be selected among a plurality of choices.
The invention is further directed to a method of displaying and editing data to be printed on a tape or recording medium utilizing a main display unit for displaying the edited data of xe2x80x98pxe2x80x99 lines, where xe2x80x98pxe2x80x99 is an integer, and an auxiliary display unit disposed near the main display unit for executing an auxiliary display with digits. The method includes the steps of:
(1) editing data of a maximum line number xe2x80x98nxe2x80x99, where xe2x80x98nxe2x80x99 is an integer between 1 to the line number xe2x80x98pxe2x80x99 displayed on the main display unit;
(2) controlling the editing procedure of the data and displaying the data including data of a line currently edited on the main display unit; and
(3) indicating the line currently edited on the auxiliary display unit.
The invention also pertains to another method of displaying and editing data to be printed on a tape or recording medium utilizing a display unit for displaying the edited data of xe2x80x98pxe2x80x99 lines, where xe2x80x98pxe2x80x99 is an integer. The method includes the steps of:
(1) editing data of a maximum line number xe2x80x98nxe2x80x99, where xe2x80x98nxe2x80x99 is an integer between 1 to the line number xe2x80x98pxe2x80x99, displayed on the display unit;
(2) controlling the editing procedure of the data to display the data including data of a line currently edited on the display unit;
(3) scrolling the data along the line on the display unit; and
(4) indicating a digit representing a line number at a head of the data displayed on the display unit, the step (4) further including the steps of:
(4-1) when the data is scrolled to make the head of the data reach an end of the display unit and further scrolled to be out of a display area of the display unit, displaying the digit representing a line number at a fixed position on the end of the display unit; and
(4-2) when the data is scrolled to make the head of the data reach the end of the display unit and further scrolled to be within the display area of the display unit, displaying the digit representing a line number at the head of the data.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method of displaying and editing data to be printed on a tape or recording medium includes the steps of:
inputting data;
calculating a length of the tape which is sufficient for the input data printed thereon and includes a certain blank;
specifying a unit of length applied to the length of the tape; and
displaying the calculated length of the tape with the specified unit of length.
These and other objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments with the accompanying drawings.


A power supply multiplexing circuit including a first supply voltage input. A first pair of cascoded PMOS transistors are in series with the first supply voltage input. A first native NMOS transistor is in series with the first pair of cascoded PMOS transistors. Also, a second supply voltage input and a second pair of cascoded PMOS transistors are in series with the second supply voltage input; and a second native NMOS transistor in series with the second pair of cascoded PMOS transistors. The gates of the first and second native NMOS transistors are driven by two control signals out of phase with each other, and sources of the first and second native NMOS transistors are connected together to output an output voltage.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to power management units for portable applications, and more particularly to high efficiency, low loss power management units.
2. Description of the Related Art
Power management in portable electronic systems, such as cellular phone, portable PDAs, laptops, etc. is an important issue, as consumers increasingly demand longer times between recharging. For example, a cellular phones typically has three power sources: a rechargeable main battery, a small coin-sized backup battery, and a line charger that can be plugged into a wall outlet or a car outlet. Typical main battery voltage is between about 3.3 volts and 4.6 volts. Typical charger voltage is 5–20V.
Power management units (PMUs) are often manufactured using non-standard (i.e., high voltage) CMOS processes or using bi-polar. In the case of CMOS PMUs, power efficiency and the breakdown voltage of the CMOS devices are important parameters to consider. For 0.35 micron manufacturing technology, the typical breakdown voltage of the CMOS devices is approximately 3.3 volts. As feature size decreases, the breakdown voltage of the CMOS device also decreases. However, the battery voltage, or some other operational power source (e.g., the line charger), normally has a higher voltage than the breakdown voltage. Therefore, the battery voltage needs to be regulated down to 3.3 volts so as to be suitable for use by the power management unit and the rest of the circuitry.
Conventional alternatives for managing the breakdown voltage issue include the use of bipolar technology, or the use of special (high-voltage) CMOS devices. However, the use of bipolar technology presents difficulties with integrating the bipolar elements with other CMOS circuit elements. Thus, it is desirable to use low voltage CMOS devices to implement high voltage power management.
If only CMOS devices are used, the breakdown problem could be overcome by the use of several CMOS devices. For example, a number of CMOS devices could be cascaded in order to share the voltage drop to avoid breakdown in each device. The drawback of such an approach is an increase in power dissipation because the whole branch cannot be powered down. In particular, if every circuit has all the functionality of breakdown protection, the power dissipation is significantly increased. This is particularly a problem in the OFF mode, where the cascoded CMOS devices dissipate power even while the rest of the circuitry is "asleep." In other words, there is a constant current flow to the CMOS devices whose sole purpose is breakdown prevention. This decreases the life of the main battery, which is an important concern in portable applications, such as cellular phones.
Accordingly, what is needed is a power management unit that provides a high efficiency both during operation and when the circuitry is off, and which is compatible with existing CMOS processes.


Aspects described herein relate to managing service data flows and corresponding data radio bearers. An indication of a binding between a service data flow and a data radio bearer with an access point can be received. The data radio bearer for binding to the service data flow can be determined as either an existing data radio bearer that supports one or more quality-of-service (QoS) parameters of the service data flow or a new data radio bearer to support one or more data flows of the service data flow. An existing data radio bearer can be modified or a new data radio bearer can be established based on the determination. Based on the binding, a packet can be transmitted using the data radio bearer based at least in part on classifying the packet as related to the service data flow.

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, data, and so on. These systems may be multiple-access systems capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., bandwidth and transmit power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems.
Generally, a wireless multiple-access communication system can simultaneously support communication for multiple user equipment devices (UE). Each UE communicates with one or more base stations, such as an evolved Node B (eNB) via transmissions on the forward and reverse links. The forward link (or downlink) refers to the communication link from the eNBs to the UEs, and the reverse link (or uplink) refers to the communication link from the UEs to the eNBs. This communication link may be established via a single-in-single-out, multiple-in-single-out or a multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) system. In this regard, the UEs can access wireless network via one or more eNBs.
In systems such as LTE, an evolved packet system (EPS) bearer is established between a UE and a core network to facilitate communications therebetween, and the UE can establish a data radio bearer (DRB) for radio access network (RAN) communications with the eNB, where the DRB can be bound to the EPS bearer. Multiple EPS bearers with the core network, and corresponding DRBs between the UE and eNB, are used for providing a quality-of-service (QoS) to a given traffic flow between the UE and the core network. A bearer establishes a "virtual" connection between two endpoints so that traffic can be sent between them. The bearer acts as a pipeline between the two endpoints. This coupling between EPS bearers and DRBs requires the core network to manage EPS bearers for each DRB to provide the prescribed QoS.

Providing quality-of-service in wireless communications


A navigation light for a boat including a base plate mounted over a hole in the deck, or over a hole in the cabin side or hull side. The base plate has an opening therein in which is pivotally mounted a bulb carrying insert, with the insert being moveable between a flush position and a projecting position relative to the base plate. A solenoid connected in series with the light bulb in the light circuit is activated when the circuit is actuated and moves the insert from its flush position to its projecting position. In a first embodiment, a bow light, a spring is provided to assist the solenoid in moving the insert to its projecting position. In a second embodiment, a side light, a spring is provided to return the insert to its flush position.

This invention relates to boat lights generally, and more particularly to navigation lights which have a depressed, flush inoperative position and an upright exposed position wherein they may be activated to provide navigation light, and are manually movable between such positions.
Navigation lights for boats have been in use for many years and, in fact, are currently required on certain size boats by U.S. Coast Guard regulations. The forwardly facing navigation lights are red and green. If such light is on the bow of the boat, called a bow light, it usually is a combined red and green light with the green light pointing to the right or starboard, and the red light pointing to the left or port side of the boat. If the light is mounted on a vertical surface, such as the hull side or on the side of a cabin, and hereinafter referred to as a side light, there is a separate light mounted on each side of the boat, with the light on the starboard side being green and the light on the port side being red.
With prior art bow and side navigation lights, the light housing projects above the deck if it is a bow light, and if it is a side light, it projects from the side of the vertical surface whether or not in use. The lights of the instant invention, when in an operative position, project from the deck, hull or cabin where they are mounted and such a projecting light provides a hazard, since the deck or cabin mounted light may be tripped over bumped into or entangled while the hull mounted light may strike a dock, piling or the like and cause damage to the light or to the boat. It is therefore desirable to have a base plate which is secured to the deck, cabin or hull, which base plate contains a light carrying insert with the insert being movable between flush and projecting postions and being movable to such projecting position by power operating means automatically at such time as the light therein is turned on and, if it is a bow light, being returnable to its flush position by operation of its own weight or if it is a side light, it also includes a resilient means to return the light to its flush position and hold the same there.


A foam dam is provided for use with a water heater having a tank and a jacket together defining an annular region. The foam dam includes a central region having a surface configured to cover a component coupled to the tank. The foam dam also includes a perimeter region extending from the central region. The perimeter region of the foam dam defines a surface to at least substantially traverse the annular region between the tank and jacket of the water heater. The perimeter region is configured to substantially prevent foam insulation from flowing into an area proximate to the component.

This invention relates to water heaters having foam insulation injected in an annular region between the water heater tank and the water heater jacket. In particular, the invention relates to substantially preventing the foam insulation from flowing into an area proximate to one or more electrical components coupled to the water heater.
It has been found to be commercially advantageous to fill the annular region with flowable foam forming material to provide highly efficient insulation between the water heater tank and the water heater jacket. A problem has arisen, especially in making water heaters provided with electrical or other control components coupled to the water heater tank and positioned in the annular region, when the foam forming material flows into contact with certain water heater components. The flowable foam insulation injected into the annular region is therefore advantageously prevented from flowing into an area proximate to such components, including electrical and other control components. Otherwise, the flowable foam insulation may interfere with effective operation of the components or control devices of the water heater.
A continuing need therefore exists for a water heater foam dam and component cover and a method for covering a component of a water heater.

Water heater foam dam and component cover and method for covering a component of a water heater


A universal AC to DC converter may be configured to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), such as for use in aerospace applications. The disclosure relates to a single universal power electronic converter capable of converting an AC input voltage, such as a line to neutral input voltage of either 115 Vrms or 230 Vrms nominal to 28 V DC.

In aerospace applications, three phase AC is typically distributed at a nominal line to neutral voltage of either 115 Vrms or 230 Vrms. Traditionally, 28V DC power electronic converters are designed for a specific nominal system input voltage. Different power converters are designed for 115 Vrms systems and for 230 Vrms systems.


Electrocatalysts composed of single atoms or metal clusters dispersed over porous carbon support were prepared by a lithium-melt method. The new catalysts demonstrated high selectivity, high Faradic efficiency and low overpotential toward to the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to chemicals.

Carbon dioxide emissions have been increasing nearly continuously since the dawn of the industrial revolution. The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere has been associated with an increasing number of issues, including breathable air quality for humans and global warming via the greenhouse effect. Therefore, there is an increasing desire to reduce CO2 from waste streams or to remove CO2 from the atmosphere. Chemical or electrochemical conversion of CO2 useful chemicals and fuels, such as hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, represent very attractive ways to address CO2 emission, particularly where low-cost renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, are available.
However, conventional methods of converting CO2 to fuels typically apply heterogeneous catalysis in a gas phase, a complex and energy-intensive process. Such heterogeneous catalysis requires an elevated temperature and typically high pressure. For example, CO2 can be catalytically converted to carbon monoxide ("CO") in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst through a reverse water-gas shift reaction at a temperature above 200° C. CO2 can also be catalyzed to methanol over Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 in the presence of hydrogen under very high pressure (50-100 bar). The need for a combination of high temperature and high pressure relative to ambient adds complexity and cost to the conversion system and manufacturing process. Ideally, CO2 reduction catalysts would operate under low temperatures and low pressure and yield high amounts of product.
One possible approach is the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. Electrocatalytic reduction offers the benefit of converting CO2 to fuels at ambient temperature and pressure in the aqueous phase. However, in general, conversion can only occur in the presence of electrocatalysts. Typically, the electrocatalyst is composed of catalytically active sites supported over a conductive substrate, such as carbon. Although such electrocatalysts can operate in both aqueous and organic solvents, the nature of their catalytic activity requires that during the reduction, CO2 adsorbed on the catalyst surface will capture the electron and proton in the electrolyte to form hydrocarbons as useful products. The catalytic reactions generally take place on the surface and inside of the pores of the catalyst material. Therefore, highly porous catalysts can offer more catalytic surface area per volume. The microporosity of the catalyst complicates the overall reaction pathways due to the need for reactants and products to diffuse in/out of the pores. For example, the microporosity will increase the carbon dioxide retention time inside of a porous carbon support, which could potentially alter the reaction pathways and products.
In keeping with this desire for electrocatalysts, a number of CO2 reduction reaction ("CO2RR") electrocatalysts have been developed. Such electrocatalysts are often synthesized through a wet chemistry method by depositing solvated ionic metal precursors over a conductive support through an aqueous or non-aqueous solution, followed by a chemical or thermal reduction to convert the metal from ionic to metallic form. Another approach is to electroplate the metal directly over the substrate by applying the reducing potential to the conductive support where metal ion is reduced to metal by capturing the electron. The main challenge of these approaches is the lack of control of uniform size of catalytic centers or metal particle sizes, which can impact the reaction pathway. The catalytic active centers from these syntheses are often composed of bulk materials, nanomaterials, or multi-atom islands. Particularly, it is extremely difficult to reduce the metal active site down to single atom level. It is also very difficult to systematically produce uniform metal particle size which has a direct impact to the selectivity of CO2 to chemical conversion. The inadequacy of conventional methods in reducing catalyst particles down to single atom or near single atom size of cluster render them inefficient to convert CO2 to a specific chemical with high selectivity. The lack of control of metal particle size by the conversion methods also makes it difficult to alter conversion product output since the CO2 reduction reaction pathway is often determined by the dimension of the metal active center. The current CO2 reduction reaction electrocatalyst technology has the disadvantages of low selectivity, low efficiency, and low stability.
For electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to fuel or chemicals, it is preferable that the conversion be highly selective under a controlled conditions, such as voltage, so that no additional product separation is needed. Furthermore, the onset voltage should be as close to the theoretical potential as possible in order to reduce the electricity cost of the CO2RR process. The prior art catalysts do not have near to 100% selectivity toward one single product, or capability of producing hydrocarbon chemicals with two or more carbon atom products (e.g., C2, C3). The selectivity, or Faradaic efficiency ("FE"), is equally important because it represents how effectively the electric charge converts CO2 to product instead of generating byproducts. The prior art catalysts do not have FE near to 100% in regard to C2 products and above. The prior art catalysts also require higher onset voltage above the theoretical potential, causing higher electricity consumption. The stability represents another important criteria for CO2RR electrocatalyst. Many of prior art electrocatalysts lack of stability due to dissolution of metals into the aqueous media and the contamination inherited from the hetero-atoms in the precursors and assisting reagents. All of these intrinsic failings of prior art catalysts still need to be overcome.
Thus, there remains an unmet need for CO2RR electrocatalysts and catalysts that drive reactions towards the formation of carbon monoxide, formic acid, and higher order hydrocarbons from carbon dioxide.

Method of preparing electrocatalysts for converting carbon dioxide to chemicals


A twist-obliquely oriented liquid crystal layer and a twist-obliquely oriented film is formed by forming an alignment layer, on a substrate, containing at least one selected from a glassy macromolecule and a silane coupling agent, performing a rubbing treatment on the alignment layer, and then applying a liquid crystal coating solution containing a chiral agent and a photopolymerizable liquid crystal composition.

An LCD can display an image by using various methods of controlling light emitted from a backlight unit. For example, an optical compensating film is used for improving color display reproducibility and viewing angle characteristic. The optical compensating film is provided so that the retardation of the film is controlled by stretching a polymer film or coating the film with an organic material to make optical compensation possible in accordance with various demands.
For example, an LCD provided with a liquid crystal panel having a liquid crystal operating mode of a TN mode or an STN mode uses various viewing angle widening techniques to compensate for the narrow viewing angle peculiar to the mode. For example, there are known a method using an alignment dividing means, a half-tone means or the like for averaging pixels while separating the pixels into a plurality of regions having different directions of liquid crystal molecular alignment, a method using a convergent lens or a divergent lens, a method using a viewing angle compensating film, and a method of radically improving the liquid crystal operating mode such as IPS, MVA or OCB. Among these methods, the method of improving the liquid crystal operating mode and the method using a viewing angle compensating film are simpler and have been aggressively put into practice.
Especially, the method using a viewing angle compensating film is simpler than the method of changing and improving the liquid crystal operating mode, because an optical compensating film integrated with a polarizing plate can be stuck to a liquid crystal panel without any change of the liquid crystal panel. That is, this method is a technique by which widening of the viewing angle can be achieved at low cost. A film having oblique discotic liquid crystal inclined or a film having oblique rod-like nematic liquid crystal is known as the viewing angle compensating film. In either case, a liquid crystal polymer is obliquely oriented (e.g. see Patent Document 1). There are also known an obliquely oriented film using a side chain-type liquid crystal polymer (e.g. see Patent Document 2) and a method using an optically oriented film as a nematic polymerizable liquid crystal compound exhibiting homeotropic (perpendicular) orientation to form an obliquely oriented liquid crystal layer (e.g. see Patent Document 3).
However, in the optical compensating film using such an obliquely oriented liquid crystal, optical axes caused by the refractive index anisotropy of the obliquely oriented liquid crystal are formed along the directions of orientation and obliquity of the liquid crystal. There is a problem that the look of an image display device to which the optical compensating film is applied varies according to upper, lower and left and right directions when the image display device is viewed obliquely with respect to the direction of a line normal to its display screen.
Moreover, in the optical compensating film used heretofore and made of a stretched film, an optical axis is decided by vertical stretching in a direction of 0° or horizontal stretching in a direction of 90° with respect to the flowing direction of a long-scale film. Also in the optical compensating film obtained by orientation of liquid crystal, an optical axis is decided by the rubbing or applying direction thereof. For this reason, when the optical compensating film is applied, for example, to a liquid crystal display device, the angle of the optical axis must be designed in accordance with the polarizing plate or the liquid crystal panel. It is however impossible to stick the optical compensating film to the polarizing plate or the liquid crystal panel at a desired angle in the condition that the optical compensating film is a continuous long-scale film. Accordingly, the optical compensating film must be stuck to the polarizing plate or the liquid crystal panel after it is punched into a rectangular shape in accordance with the angle. For this reason, there is apprehension about a problem of contamination with alien matter, breaking, etc. at the time of punching or under shipment and a lowering of production efficiency caused by mistaken sticking.
Patent Document 1: JP 8-5838 A
Patent Document 2: JP 2000-327720 A
Patent Document 3: JP 2002-214610 A

Method for producing film with twisted tilted alignment, film with twisted tilted alignment, and image display using same


A tool box includes two pivoted halves and a chamber with a bottom and two opposite walls. A plurality of positioning units formed in the walls each include a positioning cavity located in one direction, a first guide groove located farther from the bottom than the positioning cavity, a first pivot cavity at one end of the first guide groove and located in the one direction, a second pivot cavity formed at another end of the first guide groove and located in another direction, a second guide groove and located between the first pivot and positioning cavities, a third pivot cavity formed at one end of the second guide groove, located in the two directions and disposed between the first pivot and positioning cavities, and a fourth pivot cavity formed at another end of the second guide groove and located between the second pivot cavity and the bottom.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a tool box, and more particularly to a tool box with storage members to store tools, such as screwdriver head, and sockets.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Tool boxes used for storage of tools, such as screwdriver head, socket, are normally provided with a cushion or a storage member, and the screwdriver heads or sockets can be inserted in the cushion or storage member for easy recognition or pick up by the user. However, the screwdriver heads or sockets can not be pivoted in the tool boxes for exhibition purpose.
The present invention has arisen to mitigate and/or obviate the afore-described disadvantages.


A device may receive a request for a collaboration session. The device may authenticate a user for the collaboration session. The device may generate a trust-score associated with the collaboration session based on authenticating the user. The trust-score may be associated with a security level for the collaboration session. The security level may be associated with one or more capabilities of the collaboration session. The device may assign the user to a session role associated with the collaboration session. The session role may be associated with the one or more capabilities of the collaboration session. The device may provide information associated with the collaboration session based on the security level for the collaboration session and/or the session role assigned to the user.

A collaboration session between a first user and a second user may facilitate a conference call, a shared document review, a distributed presentation, or the like. The first user may access the collaboration session via a first user device utilizing a first network protocol from a first location, and the second user may access the collaboration session via a second user device utilizing a second network protocol from a second location.

Secure trust-scored distributed multimedia collaboration session


A system and method to assist in establishing a communication session to a mobile device having a registered IMS session in a visited network, or having both a registered IMS session and a circuit-switched session in a visited network. When a mobile device establishes an IMS session with an application service in a visited network, the address of the application service and the identity of the mobile device is transmitted to the Home Location Register (HLR) and/or Home Subscriber Server (HSS) associated with the mobile device. The HLR or HSS stores the address of the application service in conjunction with the identity of the mobile device. When requests to establish a communication session with the mobile device are made, the HLR or HSS provides the address of the application service that is associated with the mobile device in the visited network to allow a communication session to be established.

The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is an architectural framework for delivering internet protocol (IP) multimedia to mobile users over various types of wireless and fixed networks. Through advancements in wireless access technologies, IP based communications for multimedia application services became available for various types of mobile devices. Subscribers of second and third generation mobile communication networks are offered application services which require access to special network subsystems such as the IMS. Examples of such application services include white board discussions, video conferencing, Push to talk over Cellular (PoC), Voice over IP (VoIP), real-time content sharing including video/audio files, instant messaging, interactive gaming, and the like. One of the challenges posed by IP multimedia application services is to provide a good user experience with media application services across a variety of computing and mobile devices running over diverse networks (e.g., different types of wireless networks, fixed networks, or the like).
As a mobile device roams beyond its home network, it may seek to access application services in other networks that it visits. For example, a mobile device in a cellular network may seek to access video chat application services delivered via the IMS. To enable roaming, communication networks must therefore identify and register home and visiting devices accessing the resources of the network. For example, a visiting network typically allows visiting mobile devices to establish IMS sessions. To access the IMS, mobile devices use a subscription provided by the home network of the mobile device. Once the mobile device visits a network, a registration procedure is initiated. To register with the visited network, the mobile device transmits a Uniform Resource Indicator (URI) that identifies the home network of the mobile device so that the subscription can be verified. Within the visited network, the Home Subscriber Server (HSS) manages the subscriptions of home and visiting subscribers.
Determining how to allow roaming access to IMS application services is a challenging problem for the telecommunications industry. At present, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) working group proposal is to maintain the location and address of each mobile device at each switch within the IP network. However, this solution requires significant network resources. In particular, the distributed method proposed by 3GPP requires the propagation of the mobile device addresses throughout the network, which is obviously expensive from a bandwidth/time perspective. An alternative solution that reduces the numerous data calls and messaging of the 3GPP proposal is therefore desired.

System and method for terminating communication sessions with roaming mobile devices


Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for adjusting facial image search results. In one aspect, a method includes detecting, in images that are responsive to a query, faces in the images and building facial templates. The images are then clustered according to similarity measures of the facial templates. The cluster with the highest quantity is selected, and each image in the set of returned images is compared to each image in the selected cluster. The similarity of each face with the faces in the largest cluster, based on the facial templates, is determined as an inlier score for the image in which the face is depicted. The system then increases the rank of images with high inlier scores and decreases the rank of images with low inlier scores.

This specification relates to scoring images that are related to particular entities.
The Internet provides access to a wide variety of resources, for example, webpages, images, audio files, and videos. A variety of search engines are available for identifying particular resources accessible over the Internet. For example, digital images that satisfy a user's informational need can be identified by an image search process in which keywords or other data are processed to identify collections of digital images. Each image is identified to the user by an image search result. The image search result may include a thumbnail of an image to which it links.
Search results generated by a search engine are generally ranked and presented to a user in an ordered list of search results. The rankings may be based on how the search engine determines the relevance of resources specified by the search results to a particular query issued by the user.
A very common entity that people search for is a person. Thus, users use search engines to identify images associated with a particular person. The images associated with the particular person typically are images that depict the face of the particular person.

Adjustment of facial image search results


The present invention utilizes the existing DME transponder system infrastructure to augment existing ground surveillance multilateration (MLAT) capabilities by providing additional measurements for determining the position of an aircraft equipped with a DME transponder. DME listeners receive DME interrogation signals and DME reply signals, determine TDOA between the DME transponder and each DME listener, and transmit data to a central computer that clusters TDOAs between the DME transponder and the DME listeners and computes the aircraft position using the clustered TDOAs. The DME-aided MLAT can be used as a backup surveillance system when GNSS-based systems are unavailable. The DME-aided MLAT can be integrated with SSR receive units (RUs) performing multilateration (MLAT) calculations.

DME is a ground-based navigation system which consists of a network of ground transponders and airborne interrogating units (interrogators). The main purpose of DME transponder operations is to allow aircraft to identify and obtain a range to a DME transponder. In operation, an interrogator transmits DME pulse pair signals to be received by an intended ground transponder on a predetermined downlink frequency within the DME frequency band of 962 MHz to 1150 MHz. Upon receiving an interrogation pulse pair signal the ground transponder determines whether the received signal is a valid interrogation signal by checking the spacing between the two pulses in the DME pulse pair signal. If a valid interrogation is detected, ground transponder transmits a reply signal on a predetermined uplink frequency after a preset delay of approximately 50 μs. The reply signal consists of a pulse pair with a fixed spacing that is transmitted on a different predetermined uplink frequency within the DME frequency band. The specific pairing of interrogation and replying frequencies and the spacing between the pulses in the interrogation and replying pulse pair signals defines the DME channel/mode of the DME operation.
The interrogation and replying operation between an interrogator (e.g., aircraft) and a ground transponder enables the aircraft to determine a range to the transponder based on the observed round-trip delay between the transmission of the interrogation signal and receipt of the reply signal. FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate the operating principles of legacy DME equipment using the interrogation and reply method of operation.
There are 126 frequency pairings (Channel #001˜#126) and four spacing pairings (Mode X W Y Z) allocated for DME operation within the DME frequency band. Each channel consists of an interrogation frequency band and a replying frequency band that are separated from adjacent bands by 1 MHz. The purpose of defining DME channels and modes is to minimize the co-channel interference between adjacent DME transponders. It is important that adjacent DME transponders operate either on a different frequency or use different modes when operating on the same uplink or down link frequency.
Since the DME frequency range includes the uplink and downlink Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) frequency bands, the DME channels that are within these SSR frequency bands need to be reserved from usage for sites whose operating coverage area (including both interrogation and replying) overlaps with the coverage area of an operating SSR. The FAA Next Generation (NextGen) Automatic Dependent Surveillance—Broadcast (ADS-B) surveillance system, which is largely built upon SSR links, includes DME channels that overlap the SSR frequencies and these overlapping DME channels cannot be assigned to any DME operations.
Interrogation signals consist of pseudo-randomly spaced DME pulse pairs. The interrogation and reply pulses are modulated at different frequencies to minimize interference.
An interrogation signal containing pseudo-randomly spaced DME pulse pairs is transmitted by the DME interrogator on a DME downlink frequency to the DME transponder, as shown in FIG. 1. Upon receiving the interrogation signal, the DME transponder determines whether the pulse pair of the interrogation signal is valid and when the received interrogation signal is valid the DME transponder replies with a reply signal containing an identical DME pulse pair to the interrogator on a DME uplink frequency after a fixed transponder delay. The DME interrogator receives the reply signal and correlates the received pulse pair in the reply signal with the known pulse pair transmitted in the interrogation signal to determine the total delay time. By subtracting the known transponder delay time (td) from the total delay time, dividing the resulting time delay by two, and then multiplying the result by the speed of light, the DME interrogator determines the range from the DME interrogator to the DME transponder.
The DME interrogation signals containing pseudo-randomly spaced DME pulse pairs do not carry any information other than the unique randomness that is only meaningful to the DME interrogator. To distinguish the pseudo-randomly spaced DME pulse pairs of a DME interrogator's interrogation signal from other interrogation signals from other DME interrogators, the pseudo-randomly spaced sequence of pulse pairs are known only to the DME interrogator so that when the DME interrogator receives a reply signal, the DME interrogator performs a correlation between the transmitted DME interrogation signal and the received DME reply signal to determine if the correct pseudo-randomly spaced DME pulse pairs can be identified in the received reply signal. An example of the pseudo-randomly spaced sequence of pulse pairs for a DME interrogation signal and the DME reply signal are shown in FIG. 2. The randomness of the interrogation pulse pair sequence varies from DME interrogator to DME interrogator. For simplicity, DME interrogators often use a random pick of a set of preselected spacing between two pairs of pulses to "stagger" the interrogation pulse pairs rather than arranging the pulse pair positions using truly random positions.
While the main purpose of the DME transponder is to reply to the interrogation signals from aircraft, the DME transponder also broadcasts its identity periodically. In accordance with international standards, approximately every 40 seconds, each transponder broadcasts its station ID using International Morse code in a time period not exceeding 10 seconds. To transmit the station ID, the DME transponder transmits a Morse code dot as a 0.1 to 0.16 second period consisting of pulse pair signals with a fixed rate of 1350 pulse pair per second (pp/s) and a Morse code dash has a period that is three times longer than the Morse code dot.
When there are either no interrogations or very few interrogations, a DME transponder maintains a minimum pulse pair transmission rate of 700 pp/s by randomly transmitting pulses that are not in response to an interrogation. When there are too many interrogations the DME transponder omits some of the interrogations and maintains a maximum transmission rate of between 2610 and 2790 pp/s. Based on the "transponder recovery time", two DME pulses that are received above a minimum triggering level no closer than 8 μs shall be able to be recognized by the transponder for decoding processing.
After receiving a DME interrogation signal containing pseudo-randomly spaced DME pulse pairs that the DME transponder determines is valid, the DME transponder will not respond to any new interrogation signals for up to 60 μs. During this "transponder dead time", the DME transponder will not reply to a second DME interrogation signal if the second DME interrogation signal arrives within 60 μs of the arrival time of the first DME interrogation signal that the DME transponder determines is valid. The purpose of this "transponder dead time" is to suppress unwanted DME interrogations caused by echo or multipath signals. The result of this "transponder dead time" is that no two DME reply signals will be transmitted closer than 60 μs on the DME reply signal frequency due to the "transponder dead time" period.
The next generation (NextGen) national airspace system (NAS) relies on GNSS-based surveillance systems (i.e., GPS) to provide aircraft position information both on the ground and airborne to the ground for surveillance and control purposes. However, existing GNSS-based surveillance systems can be disrupted by solar storms that cause severe ionosphere delay variations that degrade both GPS and WAAS and affect L1 and L5. Current correction broadcasting cannot keep up with the rapid variations in times of solar storms. In addition, there are practical concerns regarding intentional and unintentional interference, regional and temporal unavailability of GPS services, thereby causing a severe degradation or loss of GNSS-based surveillance capability.
What is needed is a system and method that provides a ground surveillance capability for determining aircraft position in the NAS (National Airspace System) as a backup to or to augment the existing GNSS-based surveillance systems.

System and method for providing timing services and DME aided multilateration for ground surveillance


Disclosed herein are a parking assist system to park a vehicle at the center of a target position in parking of the vehicle at the target position and a control method thereof.

1. Field
Embodiments of the present invention relate to a parking assist system that automatically controls steering of a vehicle to a parking spot to assist parking of the vehicle and a control method thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
When parking a vehicle, a driver usually moves the vehicle, observing obstacles on the lateral sides and rear side of the vehicle through the side mirrors and the rear-view mirror which are mounted on the vehicle.
However, a blind spot that is seldom recognized by the driver is formed around the rear corners of the vehicle, and even when the driver recognizes an obstacle, failure to identify the correct length and width of the vehicle may lead to failure of recognition of the distance between the vehicle and the obstacle, thereby resulting in contact of the vehicle with the obstacle.
To address this disadvantage, a parking assist system (PAS) has been introduced, which assists the driver in recognition of the distance of the vehicle from an obstacle using sensors mounted to the front and rear of the vehicle. Also, a smart parking assist system (SPAS) has recently been introduced which recognizes a parking spot and automatically generates a parking path to automatically control the steering wheels and park the vehicle without requiring driver manipulation of the steering wheel. The SPAS is also referred to as a parking steering assist system since it controls steering of the vehicle.
The PAS receives, from various sensors mounted to the vehicle, a vehicular speed, side sensor information, a wheel pulse indicating a travel distance of a wheel and a signal of a steering angle sensor to recognize the parking space and perform path control.
However, the system as above may fail to park the vehicle at the center of the parking space, and rather complete the parking with the vehicle positioned closer to a front vehicle or rear vehicle. If parking is completed with the vehicle positioned closer to the front vehicle, the driver may need to unnecessarily adjust the position of the vehicle when leaving the parking spot. On the other hand, if parking is completed with the vehicle positioned closer to the rear vehicle, a sufficient space may not be secured in loading/unloading the trunk.

Smart parking assist system of vehicle and control method thereof

Abstract: A control method of a parking assist system including a state sensor to sense a state of a vehicle, an obstacle sensor to sense obstacles present at a front side, a rear side or lateral sides of the vehicle, and an interface to provide a driver with information about a state or operation of the vehicle includes computing a parking path for the vehicle based on results of sensing by the state sensor and the obstacle sensor, controlling steering of the vehicle such that the vehicle is parked at a target position along the computed parking path, and when the vehicle reaches the target position, controlling steering of the vehicle to position the vehicle at a center of the target position based on information related to situations at the front and rear sides of the vehicle sensed by the obstacle sensor.


An arrayed waveguide, a display device, and a spectacles device are disclosed. The arrayed waveguide includes a first waveguide layer and a second waveguide layer stacked. The first waveguide layer includes a first main expanding portion having a plurality of first optical medium layers configured to expand, in the first direction, the first light beam incident into the first main expanding portion and reflect it towards the second waveguide layer. The second waveguide layer includes a second main expanding portion having a plurality of second optical medium layers configured to expand, in the second direction, the second light beam incident into the second main expanding portion and reflect it to exit from a side of the second waveguide layer away from the first waveguide layer. The second main expanding portion is further configured to transmit the expanded first light beam therethrough.

In the related art of the augmented reality (AR) spectacles having geometric optical waveguides, the reflectors stacking is usually performed in only one direction, and the exit pupil expansion is thus realized in only one direction, generally in the horizontal direction. The field of view (FOV) of 40° may be achieved, with almost no expansion in the vertical direction, however. The magnitude of the field of view is completely dependent on the size of the projection lens.

Arrayed waveguide, display device and spectacles device


The address calculating unit calculates a virtual address of a page for each pixel of a rectangular region of a predetermined size that is included in a screen. The acquiring unit acquires a physical address in correspondence with the virtual address of each pixel of the image information for which writing is requested, in accordance with a conversion table. The writing unit writes the image information for which writing is requested at the acquired physical address. The detecting unit detects an updated portion of the image information the content of which does not match before and after the writing, in units of pages. The compressing unit compresses the image information of the updated portion that is detected.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus for generating image information that is to be transmitted to a terminal device connected by way of a network, and a method and a computer program product for detecting image updates.
2. Description of the Related Art
Computers with an image displaying function, such as personal computers (PC), are generally provided with a frame buffer such as a video random access memory (VRAM) to hold graphic data (image information) that is to be presented on a display. The frame buffer is formed of memory regions associated with X and Y coordinates, and has addresses assigned linearly in the raster scanning order. The LCD (liquid crystal display) controller and the CRT (cathode ray tube) controller obtain image information from the frame buffer in accordance with the raster scanning.
The frame buffer of a graphic device in a conventional computer is configured to arrange screen data linearly in the raster scanning direction of the screen display so that it is advantageous to display an image on the monitor connected to the computer.
On the other hand, systems have been developed to display on a terminal device a display screen of an application or the like running on a virtual computer server or to remotely control a terminal device. Such systems need to transmit the image information obtained from the frame buffer to an external device.
For instance, JP-A 2003-85135 (KOKAI) suggests a technology related to a remote operation system that operates a remote terminal from a local terminal. More specifically, JP-A 2003-85135 (KOKAI) shows a method of releasing the lock state of a remotely operated terminal by an input of a pass phrase from the operating terminal, while bringing the screen of the remote terminal into a power saving mode to improve security and save power during the remote operation.
With conventional technologies including JP-A 2003-85135 (KOKAI), data that is to be written into the frame buffer and data that is to be transmitted to a remotely operated terminal are determined in accordance with an update of the desktop screen, and image information of only the updated portion is transmitted. A computer having a high-specification graphic function can thereby handle the communication load that tends to increase. In addition, a technique of compressing an image at the time of image transmission to reduce the communication load is well known.
As an example of a method of detecting an updated portion of the image information stored in the frame buffer, a software program that writes data in the frame buffer generates a report on the coordinate information of the updated portion. There are drawbacks, however, in this method that the procedure of the software has to be changed to make a report on the coordinate information of the updated portion and that overhead increases owing to the report making.
If a processor has a virtual memory managing function, an updated portion of the image information may be detected by use of a memory management unit (MMU). Most MMUs are provided with a conversion table to calculate a physical address from a virtual address. On the conversion table, a value of a bit (dirty bit) is provided to determine whether data has been written to each page. In the method incorporating the MMU, an updated page is detected in accordance with the value of the dirty bit, and an updated portion of the image information is detected from the detected page.
There is a problem in this method of adopting a dirty bit of the conversion table, however, that the efficiency of detecting an updated portion is lowered. For instance, when a frame buffer has a structure in which an amount of data per pixel is 4 bytes and one page includes 4096 bytes and a screen includes 1024×768 pixels, one line in the raster scanning direction corresponds to one page.
For this reason, if an update is made to a rectangular region, for example, on a desktop application that deals with substantially a large number of rectangular graphics, updated pages the number of which corresponds to the number of lines equivalent to the height of the rectangle would be detected. Then, an updated portion of the rectangle has to be detected from all the updated pages that are detected. A small proportion of the updated portion to the update pages means that a large number of updated pages need to be subjected to the detection process to detect the updated portion.

Apparatus for processing images, and method and computer program product for detecting image updates


An authentication processing apparatus includes an authentication unit, having a circuit that performs authentication phases included in processing for authenticating an external device. A command holding unit holds a first command that indicates whether or not each of the authentication phases is performed by the authentication unit. An authentication controller causes the authentication unit to perform an authentication phase that is indicated, by the first command, to be performed by the authentication unit. A CPU performs software processing of an authentication phase that is indicated, by the first command, not to be performed by the authentication unit.

(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an authentication processing apparatus and an authentication processing method, and particularly to an authentication processing apparatus that performs processing for authenticating a device.
(2) Description of the Related Art
In recent years, High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) communication has been used to transmit audio and video data from a sending device such as a DVD player to a receiving device such as a television receiver. In HDMI communication, device authentication specified by the High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) standard is performed for copyright protection of such audio and video data.
The HDCP standard is a standard for protecting transmission of content between a sending device which encrypts and sends the content and a receiving device which receives and decrypts the content. According to the HDCP standard, the sending device authenticates the receiving device using an authentication protocol. The sending device sends the encrypted content to the receiving device based on a secret key previously shared by both devices in the device authentication. In addition, in order to keep the integrity of the HDCP-compliant system for a long time, the sending device revokes a device exposed to risk on the system. Device authentication in the HDCP standard is performed via Inter-Integrated Circuit (IIC) communication such as Display Data Channel (DDC) communication.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram which shows a structure of a conventional HDMI communication system in which device authentication is performed according to the HDCP standard. An HDMI communication system shown in FIG. 1 includes a sending device 1100 such as a DVD player and a receiving device 1200 such as a television receiver. The sending device 1100 and the receiving device 1200 are connected to each other via an HDMI cable 1300.
The sending device 1100 includes a CPU 1110 and an HDMI sending unit 1120. The CPU 1110 controls the sending device 1100 including the HDMI sending unit 1120. The HDMI sending unit 1120 is an LSI which sends audio and video data to the receiving device 1200, and includes a DDC unit 1127. The audio and video data are sent from the HDMI sending unit 1120 to the receiving device 1200 in one direction via the HDMI cable 1300.
The DDC unit 1127 performs two-way DDC communication with the receiving device 1200 via the HDMI cable 1300.
In the conventional HDMI communication system structured as mentioned above, the sending device 1100 performs authentication of the receiving device 1200 through software processing by the CPU 1110. However, since in the conventional sending device 1100, the CPU 1110 performs device authentication, it may be unable to perform high-speed authentication depending on its operational status. In the conventional system, data is sent between the CPU 1110 and the DDC unit 1127 via the DDC communication. However, in the DDC communication, since data is sent and received at a communication frequency of approximately 100 kHz, the data cannot be sent at high speed between the CPU 1110 and the DDC unit 1127.
In order to solve these problems, Japanese Laid-open Patent Application No. 2005-269135 describes a technique for executing a part of HDCP-compliant device authentication using a dedicated circuit. HDCP-compliant device authentication is the processing specified by the HDCP standard, and the processing can be performed using a circuit composed of hardware.

Authentication processing apparatus and authentication processing method


Methods and systems are disclosed for ultra-wideband (UWB) secure wireless device pairing. Secure pairing between devices for secure UWB communications is conducted over in-band UWB communications to provide secure pairing without requiring a visual confirmation through a graphical user interface (GUI), in particular, for wireless personal area network (WPAN) communications. The secure in-band pairing of wireless UWB devices over a UWB radio link provides considerable advantages over prior secure pairing techniques.

As the value and use of information continues to increase, individuals and businesses seek additional ways to process and store information. One option available to users is an information handling system. An information handling system generally processes, compiles, stores, and/or communicates information or data for business, personal, or other purposes thereby allowing users to take advantage of the value of the information. Because technology and information handling needs and requirements vary between different users or applications, information handling systems may also vary regarding what information is handled, how the information is handled, how much information is processed, stored, or communicated, and how quickly and efficiently the information may be processed, stored, or communicated. The variations in information handling systems allow for information handling systems to be general or configured for a specific user or specific use such as financial transaction processing, airline reservations, enterprise data storage, or global communications. In addition, information handling systems may include a variety of hardware and software components that may be configured to process, store, and communicate information and may include one or more computer systems, data storage systems, and networking systems.
Certain information handling systems utilize wireless communications to communicate with each other. In addition, certain information handling systems, such as desktop and portable computer systems, utilize wireless personal area network (WPAN) communications to interface with portable devices and peripherals, such as personal digital assistants (PDAs), cellular telephones, printers and other devices. Typically, a WPAN is used for short range wireless communications generally in single digit meters of range and usually intra-room. In contrast, WiFi communications or wireless LAN (local area network) communications are typically used for longer range wireless communications generally in double digit meters of range and often inter-room. Blue Tooth (BT) is an example communication protocol and interface standard that is in use today for short range WPAN device communications. In addition, devices have used direct wired connections, for example, through USB (universal serial buss) connections, to allow for communications between personal electronic devices and desktop/portable computer systems. These wireless and/or wired communications, for example, can allow PDAs to synchronize with software applications running on desktop and/or portable computer systems.
Ultra-wideband (UWB) is currently being considered as an alternative to other short range communication protocols, such as Blue Tooth, and direct cable communications, such as through USB connections. Ultra-wideband (UWB) is typically used to refer to a wireless communications technology that can currently transmit data at speeds between about 40 to 60 megabits per second and possibly up to 1 gigabit per second and beyond. UWB devices are typically configured to transmit ultra-low power radio signals with very short electrical pulses, often in the picosecond ( 1/1000th of a nanosecond) range, across a very wide range of frequencies at once. UWB receivers must translate these short bursts of noise into data by listening for a familiar pulse sequence sent by the transmitter. Because of its low power requirements, UWB is very difficult to detect and therefore difficult to regulate. Because it spans the entire frequency spectrum (licensed and unlicensed), it can be used indoors and underground and is a promising technology for wireless communications. UWB is also advantageous because it offers very low interference with traditional wireless technologies (e.g., WiFi, BT, etc.). A UWB device, as used herein, includes any information handling system that is capable of communicating through UWB communications.
Security is one significant concern with respect to such wireless communications. It is not only desirable for the communications to be secured in some fashion, but it is also desirable for the identity of the devices themselves to be verifiable. In other words, before a secure communication link is established, the communicating devices preferably have a secure mechanism to verify the identity of the device to which it will be communicating. Secure device pairing is one method for making sure device identities are verified in a secure manner prior to opening a communication link.
Secure device paring involves creating a strong shared secret known only to each entity in the pair. The strong shared secret (key) is used to create confidentiality over the pairing channel. Currently, publicly available protocols are available to meet this requirement. For example, known Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange protocols and/or modified DH key exchange protocols can be utilized to create a strong shared secret for the pairing. One modified DH key exchange protocol involves key mixing in an effort to mitigate the known man-in-the-middle weakness of stock DH key exchanges. Example DH protocol information can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,200,770, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The emergence of high speed, high bandwidth UWB as a WPAN cable replacement technology presents the challenge of allowing for secure peripheral device pairing and authentication without adding undue complexity and cost. As stated above, secured pairing allows one or both of the devices to have one or more pairing secrets that can be used to confirm the identity of the other device. One method currently proposed by the UWB development industry requires initial configuration using a physically connected cable for secure pairing of the two devices. Once the trusted devices have generated pairing secrets through the physical link, the devices transition to operation over a wireless UWB link. Another proposed technique for UWB secure device pairing includes the addition of near-field communication radios (NFCs) within the devices that can be used for the secure pairing before handing off the devices to communicate over a UWB transport link. A further proposed technique for UWB secure device pairing includes the use of graphical depictions of numerical codes on each device that must be verified and confirmed to match by a user through graphical user interfaces (GUIs) of the devices. These approaches (physical link, NFC radio, visual match confirmation) add unnecessary cost and redundant complexity to secure pairing of UWB capable wireless devices.

Ultra-wideband (UWB) secure wireless device pairing and associated systems


A plant control system comprises a feedback controller 5 configured to determine a control input of a plant 6 so that one control output of the plant approaches a target value, a provisional target value calculating part 2 configured to calculate a provisional target value based on a predetermined parameter of the plant, and a reference governor 3 configured to perform a minimum value search of an object function by updating a corrected target value to thereby derive the target value from the provisional target value. The reference governor is configured to update the corrected target value only between r−0.5Rr and “r”. Rr is a value of a partial differential for the corrected target value “w” of the object function when the corrected target value “w” is the provisional target value “r”.

In a plant which is a controlled object, feedback control is performed so that a control output approaches a target value. However, in actual control, due to hardware or control constraints, there are often constraints on the value of the control output. If designing a control system ignoring such constraints, the transitional response is liable to deteriorate and control is liable to become unstable.
As a technique for improving the satisfaction of constraints, a "reference governor" is known (for example, PTLs 1 and 2). A reference governor considers the satisfaction of constraints and corrects a provisional target value calculated based on predetermined parameters of the plant to derive a target value of the control output. Specifically, the reference governor performs a minimum value search of a predetermined object function to thereby calculate the target value.
PTL 1 describes correcting provisional target values of a supercharging pressure and EGR rate in a diesel engine by a reference governor. Specifically, the gradient method is used to update the corrected target values so that value of the object function becomes smaller and thereby the provisional target values are corrected.


A floating eagle type wave power generating device includes an eagle-head-shaped wave absorption floating body, a ship-shaped underwater appendage and a door-shaped support arm. The eagle-head-shaped wave absorption floating body is fixedly connected with an upper end of the door-shaped support arm. A lower end of the door-shaped support arm is connected with first hinges. The first hinges are fixedly connected with the ship-shaped underwater appendage through a base. The door-shaped support arm, together with the eagle-head-shaped wave absorption floating body, can rotate around the first hinges. L-shaped underwater appendages, mounted at two ends of the ship-shaped underwater appendage, are connected with the ship-shaped underwater appendage through second hinges and can rotate around the second hinges. A main floating body is arranged above the ship-shaped underwater appendage and below the eagle-head-shaped wave absorption floating body. The ship-shaped underwater appendage is provided with buoyancy compartments and equipment compartments.

Given that oceans are rich in wave energy resources, how to effectively develop and utilize wave energy at low cost has become a task faced by the ocean wave energy researchers throughout the world. At present, the wave energy technology is still in the research stage all over the world, and there are various wave energy power generating devices that are being subjected to laboratory research or practical oceanic condition experiments. At present, there are plenty of technical problems hindering large-scale application of these wave energy devices: 1, the energy conversion efficiency is low: wave energy conversion is conducted by a first-stage/second-stage/third-stage conversion series system, and low conversion efficiency could be brought if there is a low efficiency at any of the stages. For example, poor efficiency of the air turbine of an oscillating water column could be generated due to violent change of the working condition; and poor efficiency of the linear motor in a point absorption wave energy device is generated since optimal load required by floats cannot be offered. 2, there is a quite strong randomness in wave energy: a number of devices fail to adapt to this intense variation in power, so the wave energy capture capability and the conversion efficiency are both degraded, besides, output instability is also caused. 3, the construction cost is high: the wave energy device is relatively large in weight, dimension and the quantity of materials and manpower for construction. In addition, an ocean wave energy device is normally constructed on land and then put into service in a working oceanic area. Typically, the location for construction is far from the working oceanic area, so engineering ships like crane ships, transport ships and semi-submersible barges are needed to transport and put the device into service, resulting in high construction expenditure. Only a very small part of the devices are suitable for direct long-distance towage by a tug at present. 4, the device is difficult to repair after being put into service, which brings difficulty in maintenance. The maintenance and repair problem always emerges during the operation process of a wave energy device. A wave energy device that is put into service in an oceanic area of large winds and waves is hardly repaired or maintained under practical oceanic conditions, so repair and maintenance of the device need to be carried out in a factory or port. Reclaiming of the device required by repair and maintenance in the factory or port, however, is much more difficult than putting the device into service. Thus, how to put the device into service and reclaim the device in a simple way is one of the prerequisites that ensure long-term running of the device. Therefore, improvement and development are still needed for the prior art.

Floating wave energy converter with semi-submersble characteristic

GUANGZHOU INSTITUTE OF ENERGY CONVERSION, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES


A method for producing a heat exchanger. A louvered fin is provided, where the louvered fin has a first bridge member for attaching a first corrugated strip and a straightening member of the louvered fin together. A first corrugated strip is fixed between first and second adjacent tubes of the heat exchanger such that the first corrugated strip is kept in a straight shape by the first and second tubes. The straightening member is detached from the first corrugated strip by breaking the first bridge member such that there is provided a first sandwiched structure having the first corrugated strip fixed between the first and second tubes.

The present invention relates to a vehicular heat exchanger, particularly to a louvered fin for a heat exchanger, which has (a) a corrugated strip having planar and connecting portions that are alternately arranged to make a corrugation and (b) a plurality of louvers formed in each planar portion such that the louvers are arranged in a lateral direction, to a heat exchanger having such louvered fin, and to a method for producing such heat exchanger.
In an automotive water-cooled engine, a heat exchanger such as radiator is disposed at a front position in an engine room, and this radiator serves to cool an engine cooling water. As generally known, this radiator has a pair of tanks (headers), a plurality of tubes extending between the tanks, and a plurality of fins each being disposed between two adjacent tubes. At the position of each fin, a heat exchange is conducted between air flowing through the fins and the cooling water passing through the tube.

Method for producing a heat exchanger with a louvered fin


A fuel-fired water heater has a single pass condensing-type heat exchanger disposed within its water storage tank portion. The heat exchanger includes a primary non-condensing portion defined by a combustion chamber positioned in an upper interior portion of the tank and having a spaced series of vertical tubes depending therefrom. A secondary condensing portion of the heat exchanger is defined by a plenum having a top side connected to the bottom ends of the vertical tubes, and a bottom side from which a downwardly coiled flue tube depends. A fuel burner generates hot combustion gases that are sequentially flowed into the combustion chamber and then downwardly through the balance of the heat exchanger in a single pass.

The present invention generally relates to fuel-fired fluid heating devices and, in a representatively illustrated embodiment thereof, more particularly provides a fuel-fired water heater having a specially designed single-pass condensing type heat exchanger incorporated therein.
Conventional fuel-fired water heaters are typically of a "single pass", non-condensing configuration, meaning that the hot combustion gases used to heat the tank-stored water are subjected to only a single pass through a heat exchanger structure (usually a vertical flue) within the tank before being discharged from the water heater to, for example, an external vent structure, and that flue gas condensation does not occur to any appreciable degree in the heat exchanger structure within the water heater tank. In this conventional type of fuel-fired water heater, the overall thermal efficiency is typically limited to about 80-85%. Various proposals have been made to provide fuel-fired water heaters with condensing type single-pass heat exchangers (i.e., in which flue gases condense within the heat exchanger). However, previously proposed single-pass condensing type heat exchange structures incorporated in fuel-fired water heaters typically provide the water heaters with maximum thermal efficiencies limited to the 85-90% range.
It would be desirable to provide a fuel-fired water heater with a single pass heat exchanger having a heat transfer efficiency of at least ninety five percent and preferably greater.

Single pass fuel-fired fluid heating/storage device