A direct cooling type refrigerator having a defrosted water receiving/discharging apparatus. The apparatus has a defrosted water tray disposed below an evaporator for receiving a defrosted water dropping from the evaporator, and a defrosted water discharging device coupled to the defrosted water tray to discharge the defrosted water from the defrosted water tray. The defrosted water tray has a bottom wall having a flat portion and an inclined portion which is inclined upward with respect to the flat portion for guiding the defrosted water toward the flat portion. The defrosted water discharging device has a body having an inner wall forming a water passage communicated with the defrosted water tray, and at least one water discharging hole formed at a predetermined position on a bottom portion of the water passage. A user can easily remove a defrosted water collected in the defrosted water tray without completely drawing out the defrosted water tray from the refrigerator. The apparatus has a simple construction and can be easily manufactured.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a direct cooling type refrigerator, and more particularly to a direct cooling type refrigerator having a defrosted water receiving/discharging apparatus which receives a defrosted water dropping from an evaporator and discharges the defrosted water out of the apparatus.
2. Prior Art
Generally, a refrigerator is an appliance for storing various foodstuffs in either a frozen or a refrigerated condition to extend the length of the freshness of the foodstuffs. Such refrigerator includes a compressor which circulates a refrigerant by compressing the refrigerant, an evaporator which evaporates the refrigerant by dropping pressure of the refrigerant, thereby generating a chilled air, and a condenser by which the evaporated refrigerant is condensed into a liquified refrigerant and then is circulated into the compressor. The chilled air generated from the evaporator flows into an interior of the refrigerator through a blowing fan.
The above described refrigerator is commonly provided with a freezing chamber for storing frozen foods such as meats or an ice cream and a refrigerating chamber for storing foods at a relatively lower temperature. The refrigerator is classified into an indirect cooling type refrigerator in which the freezing chamber is separately installed from the refrigerating chamber, and a direct cooling type refrigerator in which the freezing chamber is formed by an evaporator disposed at an upper portion of the refrigerating chamber.
The direct cooling type refrigerator has a cabinet in which the freezing chamber and the refrigerating chamber are provided, and a door coupled to a front portion of the cabinet so as to open/close the freezing chamber and the refrigerating chamber together. In the direct cooling type refrigerator, the evaporator is disposed in the refrigerating chamber having a relatively higher temperature than the temperature of the evaporator so that frost can be formed beneath the evaporator. Accordingly, there is provided a separate heater for removing the frost. For this reason, a defrosted water tray for receiving water formed from melted frost is disposed below the evaporator in order to prevent water from dropping into foods stored in the refrigerating chamber.
FIG. 1, shows a conventional direct cooling type refrigerator 100 having a defrosted water tray 3. As shown in FIG. 1, refrigerator 100 comprises a cabinet 1 formed with a refrigerating chamber 6 therein. Refrigerating chamber 6 is provided at its upper portion with an evaporator 2 forming a freezing chamber 5. Evaporator 2 extends across the width of refrigerating chamber 6 and both ends thereof are bent toward a top surface of refrigerator 100. Evaporator 2 has a refrigerant path therein for dissipating a chilled air into freezing chamber 5.
In addition, defrosted water tray 3 is detachably mounted on ridges 4 which are formed at an inner wall of refrigerator 100. Defrosted water tray 3 has a recess 7 therein for collecting water.
When a predetermined amount of water is collected in recess 7 of defrosted water tray 3, a user manually removes defrosted water tray 3 from ridges 4, and after pouring out the water from defrosted water tray 3, the user again assembles defrosted water tray 3 with ridges 4.
However, when it is necessary to remove water from defrosted water tray 3, defrosted water tray 3 should be completely separated from refrigerator 100. Particularly, when a large amount of food is placed below defrosted water tray 3, the user should move the food to another side in order to separate defrosted water tray 3 from refrigerator 100. In addition, if an external impact is applied to defrosted water tray 3 while defrosted water tray 3 is being drawn out of refrigerator 100, water collected in recess 7 of defrosted water tray 3 may overflow from defrosted water tray 3.

Direct cooling type refrigerator having a defrosted water receiving/discharging apparatus


This invention discloses a method of manufacturing a trenched semiconductor power device with split gate filling a trench opened in a semiconductor substrate wherein the split gate is separated by an inter-poly insulation layer disposed between a top and a bottom gate segments. The method further includes a step of forming the inter-poly layer by applying a RTP process after a HDP oxide deposition process to bring an etch rate of the HDP oxide layer close to an etch rate of a thermal oxide.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to the semiconductor power devices. More particularly, this invention relates to an improved and novel manufacturing process and device configuration for providing the split trench gates with high-density plasma (HDP) deposition oxide layer as the inter-poly oxide layer.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Conventional technologies for reducing the gate to drain capacitance Cgd in a DMOS device by employing the split trenched-gate, e.g., shielded gate trench (SGT) structure, are still confronted with technical limitations and difficulties. Specifically, trenched DMOS devices are configured with trenched gates wherein large capacitance (Cgd) between gate and drain limits the device switching speed. The capacitance is mainly generated from the electrical field coupling between the bottom of the trenched gate and the drain. In order to reduce the gate to drain capacitance, an improved split trenched-gate configuration, e.g., a Shielded Gate Trench structure (SGT), is introduced with a bottom shielding electrode at the bottom of the trenched gate to shield the trenched gates from the drain. The design concept of a SGT structure is link the bottom-shielding electrode of the trench to the source such that the trenched gates are shielded from the drain located at the bottom of the substrate as that shown in FIG. 1. A reduction of gate to drain capacitance to about half of the original Cgd value can be achieved by implementing the shielding electrode in the bottom of the trenched gates. The switching speed and switching efficiency of the DMOS devices implemented with the SGT structure are therefore greatly improved. The bottom-shielding electrode when tied to source potential provides a better shielding effect than a configuration where the bottom-shielding segment is left at a floating potential. A reduction of the gate-drain capacitance Cgd is achieved by implementing a bottom poly shielding structure. The problem of break down from trench bottom is eliminated since bottom oxide has a greater thickness than the layer gate oxide along the trench sidewalls. The net effect is an advantage that for a specific epitaxial thickness, such SGT structure can deliver much higher drain-to-source breakdown voltage (BVdss). Once the BVdss is not a limiting design consideration, the designer has the flexibilities to either increase the doping level or reduce thickness of the epitaxial layer, or to design a device that may accomplish both in order to improve the overall device performance.
However, as shown in FIG. 1, in the manufacturing process, a step of carrying out a wet etch of the first gate oxide often causes a problem of gate oxide weakness. The oxide etch often extends below the top surface of the first polysilicon that have been first deposited into the bottom part of the trench thus causing the formation of an over-etching pocket. Specifically, the sharp and thin inter-poly oxide causes early breakdown between source and gate due to the problems that 1) the dip leads to electric file concentration in the area that causes premature breakdown; and 2) the dip increases a gate-drain overlay thus the Cgd improvement is compromised. Such technical difficulties become a problem when the conventional processes are applied. When applying a conventional manufacturing process, a wet etch process is applied to remove the sidewall oxide that is damaged during first polysilicon etch-back. The isotropic wet-etch process inevitably etches off a portion of sidewall oxide slightly below the top surface of poly creating a pocket on the sidewall. A thermal oxide is grown conformal to the underlying layer forming the upper trench sidewall gate oxide and inter-poly gate oxide followed by second poly deposition. This technical problem and performance limitation often become even more severe when the cell density is increased due to the shrinking dimension of the trench openings when form the trenched power device in the semiconductor substrate.
Therefore, a need still exists in the art of power semiconductor device design and manufacture to provide new manufacturing method and device configuration in forming the power devices such that the above discussed problems and limitations can he resolved.

Method to manufacture split gate with high density plasma oxide layer as inter-polysilicon insulation layer


The invention analyzes a character string and link information of a WWW page being currently browsed, infers that the said page is a page having a collection of information of a certain kind, namely, an objective field such as present information, event information or the like, and embeds into this page a function of performing a retrieval limited to the inferred objective field. A user performs a limited retrieval using the retrieval function and obtains other information of the said objective field.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an information retrieval apparatus capable of retrieving a document being in accord with a user's intention of retrieval and a recording medium having an information retrieval program recorded in it.
2. Description of Related Art
In recent years, necessary information is often retrieved and utilized by using an information retrieval service on the World Wide Web (WWW). However, since an information retrieval service being generally performed on WWW requires an information retrieval request represented by a combination of keywords, a beginner being unfamiliar with a computer cannot properly represent a combination of keywords for exactly representing the desired information, and therefore has difficulty in exactly retrieving the desired information. As a conventional technique for performing an exact information retrieval by extracting a retriever's intention in consideration of such a problem, there is an information retrieval apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 7-105,233 (hereinafter referred to as literature 1). The information retrieval apparatus disclosed in literature 1 extracts a retriever's intention by means of interaction between the retriever and the apparatus using a natural language in order to perform an exact retrieval. The said information retrieval apparatus infers an inexplicit idiomatic expression or an abbreviated word being liable to be used in a natural language from the context of this interaction, and produces a retrieval request meeting the retriever's intention.
By the way, WWW has WWW pages each containing a collection of link destinations of a certain kind of information. A user can obtain a great amount of related information at a time by browsing these WWW pages, but since such pages are often made by gathering and arranging various formation by hand, it is difficult to cover all the related information. Therefore, in case of desiring further information, a user needs to move to a page for retrieval and perform retrieval in consideration of its retrieval conditions. It is conceivable also to make a page for retrieval using the information retrieval apparatus disclosed in literature 1, but in such a case even if an inexplicit idiomatic expression or an abbreviated word is allowable, eventually a retriever results in being forced to input a natural language and in bearing a burden equivalent to or heavier than inputting keywords. And it is necessary to analyze in advance a document straightforwardly representing the content of a document to be retrieved and additionally it is necessary to prepare a concept dictionary at the information retrieval apparatus side, and therefore construction of such an apparatus requires such a great cost that it is not practical.

Information retrieval apparatus and recording medium having an information retrieval program recorded


Disclosed is apparatus for providing a comfortable region within a relatively hot, dry environment having a reservoir of water therein, including a container having a base, sides, and an openable lid; a self-priming pump mounted to the base and having a pump inlet and a pump outlet; an electrical battery having a liquidic electrolyte for powering the pump; a spray wand having a plurality of nozzles spaced along a substantially rigid conduit for distributing the water in the form of a corresponding number of expanding fine spray streams; a fluid conduit for connection to the pump and the nozzles for misting the environment, the container substantially absorbing noise from operation of the pump and protecting against contamination of the environment by leakage of the electrolyte from the battery; and a solar panel located on the lid of the container for recharging the battery.

The present invention relates to air humidifying apparatus for use particularly in hot, dry, outdoor environments.
It is known that water evaporation is particularly effective as a coolant when ambient air has low humidity. It is also known that comfort levels are enhanced in extremely dry environments by elevating to moderately dry the relative humidity.
Misting devices such as those associated with greenhouse agriculture have been used for air conditioning of outdoor environments. However, the misting devices of the prior art exhibit one or more of the following disadvantages:
1. They are ineffective in that they do not provide a desired uniformity and coverage of the misting;
2. They are hard to use in that the misting nozzles are difficult to support in desired locations;
3. They are unsuitable for use in many outdoor locations because they require a source of water under pressure; and
4. They are awkward to relocate and/or to store when not in use.
Thus there is a need for a misting apparatus for outdoor environments that is portable, easy to use and store, unobtrusive, and effective for uniformly misting.


An angular velocity sensor unit judging whether there is a failure in both of two angular velocity sensors. The angular velocity sensor unit includes a first angular velocity sensor (12) and a second angular velocity sensor (13), each including an oscillator having a shaft portion and an oscillatory portion. Each of the angular velocity sensors (12, 13) is arranged such that its shaft portion is not in parallel with an XY-plane defined by an X-axis and a Y-axis of three orthogonal axes. The failure of the second angular velocity sensor is judged based on whether or not a detection value of an angular velocity about a Z-axis lies outside a tolerance range of a detection value of the angular velocity about the Z-axis by the other angular velocity sensor, and the failure of the first angular velocity sensor is judged by comparison with a pseudo-calculated angular velocity.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an angular velocity sensor unit used in various electronic devices for the posture control, navigation and the like of movable bodies such as airplanes, automobiles, robots, ships and vehicles and an angular velocity sensor diagnosing device to which this angular velocity sensor unit is applied.
2. Description of the Related Art
A conventional angular velocity sensor causes, for example, a tuning fork shaped oscillator to oscillate, in order to electrically detect a strain of the oscillator resulting from a generated Coriolis force, and calculates an angular velocity based on an output from this oscillator. Normally, an angular velocity about one rotary axis can be calculated by one angular velocity sensor.
Oscillators used in angular velocity sensors of this type have various shapes such as tuning fork shapes, H-shapes and T-shapes. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, a tuning fork shaped oscillator 1 is constructed such that a bar-shaped shaft portion 4 is coupled to a U-shaped portion 3 including a pair of arm portions 2.
An arithmetic processing circuit for electrically detecting a strain of the oscillator 1 resulting from a Coriolis force and calculating an angular velocity through arithmetic processing is connected with this oscillator 1.
If such an angular velocity sensor is used, two angular velocity sensors need to be arranged to execute, for example, a vehicle posture control. If three axes orthogonal to each other in a vehicle are assumed to be a yaw axis, a roll axis and a pitch axis, the oscillator 1 of a first angular velocity sensor needs to be arranged such that the shaft portion thereof extends along the yaw-axis direction and the oscillator 1 of a second angular velocity sensor needs to be arranged such that the shaft portion thereof extends along the roll-axis direction.
By this arrangement, an angular velocity about the yaw axis can be calculated from the first angular velocity sensor and the one about the roll axis can be calculated from the second angular velocity sensor. Thus, a vehicle posture with respect to the yaw axis and the roll axis can be understood, enabling the posture control of the vehicle.
A failure judging circuit for judging an occurrence of a failure is provided for the first angular velocity sensor for calculating the angular velocity about the yaw axis. This circuit compares a pseudo-calculated angular velocity based on a vehicle speed, a steering angle of the vehicle, and acceleration and the like with the angular velocity calculated by the first angular velocity sensor, and makes a failure judgment based on a degree of coincidence between the two angular velocities.
For example, patent document 1 is known as prior art document information relating to the invention of this application.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. H02-297067
The above construction has had a problem that no failure judgment can be made for the second angular velocity sensor for calculating the angular velocity about the roll axis although it can be made for the first angular velocity sensor for calculating the angular velocity about the yaw axis.

Angular velocity sensor unit and angular velocity sensor diagnosing device


The present invention relates to a color wheel unit comprising a color wheel having a rotatable filter supporter and a plurality of color filters radially attached to the filter supporter; a color wheel supporter for rotatably supporting the color wheel; a projection provided in at least one of the color filters; and a projection holder for engagement with the projection and provided in at least one of the color filter adjacent to the color filter having the projection and the filter supporter for preventing the color filter from a radial outward breakaway. Thus, the present invention provides a color wheel unit and an optical engine with the same, in which a color filter is stably mounted.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a color wheel unit and an optical engine having the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a color wheel unit and an optical engine having the same, which has an improved structure of a color filter provided in the color wheel unit.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, an optical engine is provided in a display apparatus such as a projection television, a projector, or the like, and projects an image on a screen. Such an optical engine is classified into a cathode ray tube (CRT) type, a liquid crystal display (LCD) type, a digital light processing (DLP) type, and the like according to display devices for displaying processed video data.
In particular, the DLP type optical engine comprises a color wheel. Here, the color wheel comprises a plurality of color filters for selectively filtering red (R), green (G) or blue (B) out of white light emitted from a light source.
Here, the color wheel is rotatable for allowing the light emitted from the light source to selectively pass through one of the color filters.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a conventional color wheel. As shown therein, a conventional color wheel 110 comprises a plurality of color filters 111 arranged like a disk shape and a filter supporter 121 supporting the plurality of color filters 111.
Each color filter 111 comprises a filter 115 having a fan shape for filtering the light emitted from the light source and a supporter adhering portion 117 disposed radially inside the filter 115 and attached to the filter supporter 121 by an adhesive.
The filter supporter 121 is rotatably coupled with a color wheel supporter (not shown), thereby rotating the color filter 111.
In the conventional color wheel 110, the plurality of color filters 111 are coupled to the filter supporter 121 and the filter supporter 121 is rotatably coupled to the color wheel supporter (not shown). Thus, the plurality of color filters 111 can rotate.
However, in the conventional color wheel, the supporter adhering portion of the color filter is attached to the filter supporter with the adhesive, so that the color filter may be detached from the filter supporter by a centrifugal force at high rotation speed, or by same other force.
Accordingly, a need exists for a color wheel unit with an improved structure capable of attaching a color filter to a filter supporter.

Color wheel unit and optical engine having the same


Describes a nephelometric turbidity sensor device which embodies: methods for: (a) attenuation of entrained air, (b) attenuation of bubbles, (c) attenuation of scattered light (d) interchangeable light sources with automatic indexing of algorithms (e) anti-fog windows and (f) verification of operation by self-check and (g) self-calibration.

Turbidity comes from the Greek word turbid while nephelometric is the Greek word for cloud. In water treatment plants the required detection limit is approximately one part per million of particles with a detectable change of one part per billion of particles and is read in Nephelometric Turbidity Units, NTU. The specifications required for monitoring of water is set by each country, but all are similar in their quality control characteristics and performance. The cloudiness is caused by suspended solids in the fluid which may be organic material, clay, sand or other particulate matter. Bubbles are also seen as a particle and must be eliminated from the equation. In water treatment plants this measurement provides: (1) a measurement of filter effectiveness and (2) a surrogate method for determining the level of microbial contaminates embedded in the particulate matter in the incoming raw water and any microbial remnants in the filtered water. The greater the concentration of particles in the fluid, or turbidity, the higher the level of microbial contaminates embedded in the particles and the higher the required level of disinfection procedures. Treatment water plants walk a thin line between too little disinfection in protecting the community from harmful microbes and too much disinfection causing harm from disinfection by-products. Nephelometric turbidity is the EPA workhorse of all water treatment plants.
There are world-wide standard specifications for the measurement of turbidity in water treatment: (1) The USEPA 180.1 Nephelometric Method (2) 2130B Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water and (3) the ISO 7027 International Standard Water Quality Determination of Turbidity 1999-12-15, (4) Hach 10133, (5) GLI Method II, (6) Mitchell Method M5331 LED, and (7) Mitchell Method M5271 laser. All specifications measure the intensity of scattered light from suspended particles in the fluid having a refractive index different from that of the sample fluid, measured at a 90 degree angle to the path of the incident light.
In order to satisfy the various wavelength requirements specified by different government agencies, a number of light sources have been EPA approved for nephelometric turbidity measurement and reporting:
USEPA 180.1-1Incandescent2200-3000K OriginalUSEPA 180.1-2LED860 nm GLI 4-beamUSEPA 180.1-3Laser660 nm photomultiplier tubeUSEPA 180.1-4LED525 nm Mitchell Method M5331USEPA 180.1-5Laser660 nm Mitchell Method M5271ISO 7027 basicLED860 nm InternationalISO 7027 alternateLED550 nm International
Each of these Methods has unique specifications. U.S. Pat. No. 7,142,299 states that each light source must have a sensor source receiver measuring voltages to detect differences in light sources, which are factory preset in order to determine if an LED or incandescent lamp is in use. It distinguishes type but not wavelength. In all current instrumentation, there is no design allowing for a plug-in method of exchanging only the light sources in a single sensor body or for automatically adjusting the system for matching algorithms to both source type and wavelength. The same patent also describes a sensor unit mounted on the cover inside the chamber. This arrangement is used by AquaSensor.
Many instruments either suspend the light source directly above the fluid with the scattered light detector submerged U.S. Pat. No. 6,307,630 or transmit and receive signals through a transparent cuvette which contains the fluid U.S. Pat. No. 5,446,544 or have transparent surfaces directly immersed in a fluid U.S. Pat. No. 7,142,299B2. Any difference in temperature between the fluid and interior of the sensor will result in fogging of the windows if any moisture is present. Efforts to control the moisture in the atmosphere behind the windows include use of desiccant dryers or fans U.S. Pat. No. 5,446,544. Desiccants are ineffective after a short period of time while other drying devices such as fans are unwieldy, only partially effective and expensive. There are no devices using a multiple, sealed, window construction for eliminating fogging in this context.
In order to measure low nephelometric levels of turbidity, the signal received from the scattered particles must be as free of extraneous signals as possible. The scattered light bouncing around inside the chamber induces background noise which cannot be distinguished from the turbidity response to actual particles. Several approaches are commonly used to limit the unwanted reflections ranging from a simple black surface, wavelength dependent coatings, or light trap apertures through which a beam passes into an isolated area where unwanted light is partially absorbed U.S. Pat. No. 6,307,630. These traps require a complex shape and sufficient space to operate U.S. Pat. No. 6,831,289 with inverted or non inverted cones U.S. Pat. No. 5,872,361 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,894,778 or use of plain cones U.S. Pat. No. 5,231,378. None of these approaches eliminate the small amount of returning light which is scattered throughout the chamber, nor does it eliminate the initial reflections which were only partially absorbed. There are no instruments utilizing cone diffuser with a tapered, cylinder shaped housing. There are no instruments utilizing a combination of multiple absorbing and reflective elements to attenuate the source light beam.
For on-line instrumentation measuring turbidity levels, bubbles which are seen as particulate matter must be removed from the equation. There are two standard approaches to the elimination of entrained air and bubbles: (1) separating fluid that contains entrained air from fluid which does not carry entrained air and (2) holding the sensor housing under pressure, preventing bubbles from forming. The bubbles are caused by temperature increase, pressure decrease or by previously entrained gases. Current designs for removal or prevention of entrained air and bubbles may actually generate additional bubbles from out-gassing due to pressure decrease or temperature increase. Pressurized systems are unable to eliminate existing entrained air and bubbles, but may prevent additional bubbles from forming.
Separation of gases may be done by passing the fluid over protrusions at operating or atmospheric pressure. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,831,727 and 5,331,177 describe the general method. However, there is the problem of reduced pressure causing out-gassing and possibly allowing a temperature rise by using a fluid colder than the utility environment, which inadvertently can allow warming and out-gassing of bubbles. Use of a chamber which can be kept under pressure but allows bubbles to rise and vent out an upper port is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,740,709; however, this method can allow measurement to take place in an area of stagnation, thus providing false readings. U.S. Pat. No. 5,475,486 describes a bubble trap for use in a cuvette type operation, but requires separate drain ports at the top and bottom of the container. This method cannot be operated under pressure and requires a transparent cuvette chamber. U.S. Pat. No. 5,059,811 incorporates a bubble trap with a dam diverter and multiple fluid passages to direct the fluid flow. There are no current devices using a combination of fluid under pressure and fluid separator plate to set up different flow paths for fluid containing bubbles and fluid not containing bubbles.
The EPA has two standards for calibration: (1) primary calibration for EPA reporting and (2) secondary calibration for internal plant verification. EPA reporting requires a monitoring response to detect changes in the fluid's turbidity to approximately one part per billion of suspended particles. Accurate responses at this level are difficult to sustain using current instrumentation. The EPA has a number of concerns about the stability of current nephelometric turbidimeters: the incandescent light source tends to drift in intensity, the electronic components trend to drift, while the scattered light receiver deteriorates over time. The large majority of field units are of this type. There are currently no automated methods for maintaining instrument stability from drift or verifying operation; there are some designs with feedback loops which stabilize only the light source U.S. Pat. No. 5,828,458. The approach described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,842,243 attempts to detect changes in operation by periodically transmitting reflected light from the back of the source window optics to a reflected area on the back of the scattered light window optics but does not consider changes in reflected light going into the scattered light receiver caused by fouling, fogging, finger prints, etc.
Several methods of using manually inserted calibration apparatus for secondary calibration are in use but all suffer difficulties. U.S. Pat. No. 5,467,187 shows a pulsed system varying the position of using sealed standards in a cuvette requiring a pump and complex plumbing. Variation in position of the floating standards and complex processing in the change in signal limit the repeatability of this method.
Because of these problems, the EPA mandates frequent re-calibration. However, calibration is time consuming, requires a skilled operator, and stoppage of the on-line monitoring process; it is expensive, complex, and produces high operator error. In addition, current methods of calibration require exposing the sample fluid to contamination from the outside. A number of efforts have been made to approach the specifications as closely as possible. U.S. Pat. No. 5,467,187 attempts to use a water pulse with a sealed cuvette bouncing multiple standards in the detection area. Because of variability in placement position and surface contamination of scratches, fouling, and complex processing of signal, the units' variability response limits its application as a replacement for manual calibration. U.S. Pat. No. 6,307,630 describes a method of periodically adding a sample of uncontrolled source light to the test fluid via mirrors, optical switch and polarized filters in the sensor, but does not compensate for source lamp variation or film build-up on the windows, or negate the fluid's turbidity reading during calibration. There are a number of manual reference blocks acceptable to the EPA for secondary calibration, but none are automatic or protected in its environment free of scratches and finger prints, and all leave the sample water exposed to contamination, and most importantly can not be used for primary calibration for EPA reporting.
While there has been some advancement in turbidity devices since the 1950s, there remains a need to improve over the art, bringing the EPA specifications closer to available technology. The EPA is highly cautious about granting new Methods for EPA reporting and will only do so if there is sufficient improvement in safety, accuracy and advanced technology to warrant the EPA approval process. The process takes about four years to complete.


An electrochemical capacitor comprising a nonaqueous electrolyte and a pair of polarizable electrodes, wherein carbon nanotubes are used as an electrode material for at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the carbon nanotubes have a specific surface area of at least 700 m2/g and contain semiconductive carbon nanotubes, and the electrode material exhibits a voltage dependency of differential capacity by electrochemical doping. The electrochemical capacitor solves the problems associated with activated carbon electrodes and, exploiting the excellent characteristics of carbon nanotubes, has increased capacitance and increased energy density, therefore realizing a reduced internal resistance and a prolonged service life.

Heretofore, electric double-layer capacitors are known, and electric double-layer capacitors of small capacity are used for memory backup powers for personal computers, for assistance for secondary batteries, etc. The electric double-layer capacitor comprises a pair or polarizable electrodes as combined via a separator such as paper or nonwoven fabric put between them to constitute a device, and this serves as an accumulator that produces a small-level electric double-layer capacity to be generated by dipping the device in an electrolyte solution and applying a voltage thereto.
The electric capacity of the electric double-layer capacitor depends on the surface area of the electrode therein, and accordingly, heretofore, the mainstream of the material for the polarizable electrode is activated carbon having a large specific surface area. However, the electric double-layer capacity per the specific surface area of activated carbon is limited, and this is the main reason for the small energy density of the capacitor that comprises activated carbon. In activated carbon having a large surface area, there exist a large amount of graphene sheet edges that cause decomposition of electrolyte solution, and the withstand voltage (charge-discharge voltage) of the capacitor that comprises the activated carbon of the type is generally limited to about 2.5 V.
Accordingly, the withstand voltage of the electric double-layer capacitor comprising an activated carbon electrode is increased up to about 3.3 V according to a special method of, for example, high-temperature hydrogen treatment of electrode material (Patent Documents 1, 2).
However, even the electric double-layer capacitor that comprises such a specifically-processed activated carbon electrode is faced with a problem of capacitance reduction of about 20% in 1000 cycles of charge-discharge repetition at 3.3 V, and it is extremely difficult to attain an excellent cycle characteristic of over 100,000 cycles that is a specific performance of electric double-layer capacitors. In addition, since the activated carbon electrode has a large internal resistance, and the problem must be solved for further capacity increase.
In that situation, carbon nanotubes have high electroconductivity because of their structure, and have a small internal resistance, and therefore, their use for electrodes for electric double-layer capacitors is under investigation, and for example, in Patent Document 3, proposed is a technique of using brush-shaped carbon nanotubes as electrodes of electric double-layer capacitors.
However, conventional carbon nanotubes used as electrodes in electric double-layer capacitors have a bundle structure of such that a few hundreds of tubes are bundled together by van der Waals force, and are therefore problematic in that the carbon surfaces, which are the sites to adsorb electrolyte ions in an electric double-layer capacitor and to determine the electric capacity thereof, are hardly exposed out owing to the bundle formation by the fibers bonding together. Accordingly, the effective specific surface area for electric double-layer formation is small, and the specific surface area obtained according to a nitrogen adsorption method (hereinafter this may be simply referred to "specific surface area") is a few hundreds m2/g or so. It may be taken into consideration to open the tubes by oxidation treatment or the like to thereby increase the specific surface area, but even in such a case, the specific surface area obtained by a nitrogen adsorption method could be increased up to about 500 m2/g.
In future, use of electric double-layer capacitors is expected in a broad range, for example, for warming up powers for fuel cell automobiles, regenerating powers for hybrid automobiles, powers for heavy industrial machines and robots, etc. For this, further expected are realizations of higher capacitance, higher withstand voltage and more prolonged service life of electric double-layer capacitors.
Patent Document 1: JP-A 2002-362912
Patent Document 2: JP-A 2000-340469
Patent Document 3: JP-A 2003-234254
Non-Patent Document 1: Science, Vol. 306, pp. 1362-1364 (2004)
Non-Patent Document 2: Chemical Physics Letters, 403, pp. 320-323 (2005)
Non-Patent Document 3: Journal of Physical Chemistry B2004, 108, pp.

Electrochemical capacitor and electrode material for use therein

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology


A land vehicle navigation apparatus (10) has a vehicle navigation computer (11) which determines a navigation route and provides vehicle maneuver visual displays on a CRT display (13). The displays are preferably provided in the form of graphic arrow representations (26, 28) which are illustrated in perspective form with a tail of the arrow (26B, 28B) shown in the foreground and towards to the bottom of a display screen (20) and the head of the arrow (26A, 28A) shown in the background. A visual display of an effective bar graph, indicating the additional distance to be traveled prior to execution of the visually displayed vehicle maneuver, is visually provided and superimposed on the visually displayed vehicle maneuver graphic arrow. The bar graph comprises a series of stack horizontal bars (27, 29) superimposed on the arrow (26, 28) which is preferably shown in three dimensional form. This type of visual display more readily communicates to the vehicle operator the type of vehicle maneuver to be implemented and the time at which it is to be implemented, while utilizing a minimum amount of display space and requiring minimal distraction of the vehicle driver from his view of the road.

Land vehicle navigation systems are known in which a navigation computer receives position and heading information, as well as stored road map information, and calculates a desired navigation route between start and desired destination locations. Instructions to the vehicle driver are provided via either audible instructions and/or visual displays such that the driver will implement the desired navigation route. Philips has implemented such a system in their "CARIN" navigation system as described in Philips Technical Review, Vol. 43, No. 11/12, December 1987 and published EPC patent applications serial numbers 88201770.0 and 88201827.8 as well as other Philips publications. A similar system has also been described in the literature with regard to the United Kingdom "Autoguide" navigation system ("Autoguide-Route Guidance in the United Kingdom" by Catling and Belcher, IEEE 1989 article CH2789-6/89/0000-0467).
In such prior systems, various visual display icons are used to provide the vehicle driver with information with regard to desired vehicle maneuvers. Typically, a turn is indicated as an intersection is approached wherein the turn is visually displayed as a bent or segmented planar arrow displayed on a substantially planar CRT or LCD display screen. In addition, the Autoguide system noted above also provides a separate bar graph type indication visually depicting the amount of vehicle travel distance remaining prior to the implementation of the desired vehicle maneuver (turn).
Such systems have been found to be deficient in that they fail to rapidly sufficiently visually convey the desired vehicle maneuver to the vehicle driver and/or fail to accomplish this task while providing a visual display large enough to be easily recognized but still utilizing a minimum amount of available display space since typically the amount of available display space is very limited.


Needles and methods of plugging a needle having a tip opening with an inside diameter and a needle tip length, wherein the methods generally comprise the steps of, providing a plug material having a predetermined viscosity; providing a delivery device for introducing the plug material into the needle tip opening, wherein the delivery device comprises a delivery tube having a delivery diameter that is equal to or less than the inner diameter of the needle tip opening; introducing at least a portion of the heated plug material into the needle tip opening via the delivery tube.

Brachytherapy needles, plugged with suppository material, bone wax or other bioabsorbable materials and then loaded with radioactive seeds, are known in the art. However there are numerous problems associated with loading and plugging the needles. Problems with the current art of plugging the distal end of a needle with a pre-shaped cylindrical plug stem from the fact that the plug does not exactly take on the inner shape of the needle as a liquid would. As needles are manufactured, the inside diameter (ID) has a plus/minus tolerance. In addition, pre-formed cylindrical plugs may also vary in size. As a result of these to variables in the needles and plugs, the fit between the needles and the plugs may be compromised which often causes a variable and therefore uncontrolled push out pressure or plug failure when the plug is ejected from the needle via a stylet. To overcome this issue, manufacturers have added mechanical "crutches" to aid in the retention of the plug such as indentations or "U" shaped tabs cut into the needle wall and protruding into the ID of the needle in the area the plug will be placed to compensate for this problem. The additional manufacturing complexities drive the production cost of the needle higher. Additionally, "U" shaped tabs do not prevent bodily fluids from traveling up the needle.
There are additional problems with the "one size fits all plug." These plugs result in push out pressures that are not easily adjustable to the different needs in the market. The radioactive seeds, known as brachytherapy seeds, are often times prepared in a "strand", inserted into a pre-plugged needle for implantation and expelled into the appropriate organ to be treated. The various stranding materials in the market are constructed differently and may jam in the needle if the operator of the needle has to apply too much pressure to release the plug.
Alternatives to preformed plugs are pliable bone wax plugs and molten liquids. However there are also several problems associated with the use of pliable bone wax and molten liquids. The plugging material not only sticks to the inside of the needle, but the outside as well, as the needle is "dipped" or pushed into a container of molten liquid or block of bone wax. This requires the assembler of the needle to "wipe" the exterior "clean" of the residual material. The length of bone wax plugs may also unpredictably vary. Additionally, oftentimes the configuration of seeds and spacers needs to be removed and repositioned. However, as the once loaded seeds are expelled from the needle, the seeds now have bone wax on them that has to be removed from the seeds prior to re-inserting them into a new needle for implantation. If the bone wax is not removed the seed will be very difficult to handle, sticking to the loading tool and the needle into which they are to be re-loaded. Seeds loaded into needles that are plugged, using the dipping method and molten suppository material having lower molecular weight PEG, will have the same issue due to the naturally sticky state of this material at room temperature. Lower molecular weight PEG formulations also will not retain their shape under the temperatures some times seen with sterilization (about 50° C.) as would PEG of higher molecular weights such as PEG 8000 for example. If the plug melts during the sterilization of the pre-loaded needle the seeds will fall out.

Brachytherapy needle and methods for assembling same


An improved interpolator includes a replica delay line and an interpolated delay edge generator. The replica delay line provides two replica delay edges to the interpolated delay edge generator. The interpolated delay edge generator selectively generates an interpolated delay edge while maintaining a substantially constant capacitive loading on the two replica delay edges. The replica delay line may comprise a delay cell of four current-starved inverter delay stages or four capacitor-loaded inverter delay stages.

Computing devices are routinely used to store and process a variety of digitally encoded signals. Typically, there are timing requirements related to processing these signals. These timing requirements often involve generating a periodic clock signal that possesses a specific time relationship with respect to a reference signal. As computing systems become more integrated and operate at higher frequencies, the precision required in generating these periodic clock signals becomes more important.
Computing devices typically use conventional delay-locked loops to control the timing of clock signals. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional delay-locked loop (DLL) 100. Conventional DLL 100 includes delay line 110 and phase detector 120. Delay line 110 has a plurality of delay cells (e.g., delay cells 140A through 140G) and multiplexer 130. A delay cell is an electronic circuit that imparts a delay to signals that pass through the delay cell.
Reference signal 150 provides an input to delay line 110 and phase detector 120. Reference signal 150 is, for example, an internal clock of an integrated circuit. Delay cells 140A through 140G impart a delay time to reference signal 150 as the signal passes through the delay cells. The delay time imparted to reference signal 150 by each delay cell is called a delay period. Typically, the delay period is the same for each delay cell. The output of each delay cell is a signal that is delayed in time and has a significant edge (e.g., rising edge, falling edge, etc.) that is suitable for timing purposes. The term delay edge refers to periodic waveforms having a significant edge (e.g., the outputs of the delay cells).
Delay line 110 provides a delay edge to phase detector 120. Phase detector 120 compares the delay edge to reference signal 150 and provides an output signal that represents the phase difference between the two input signals. The output of phase detector 120 is typically used to generate a voltage-controlled input to the delay cells of delay line 110. The voltage-controlled input determines, in part, which output of the delay cells is selected by multiplexer 130.
Conventional DLL 100 is limited to providing delay edges that are separated by at least one delay period. The ability of conventional DLL 100 to "lock" onto reference signal 150 is limited, therefore, by the width of the delay period. In integrated circuits that are tightly integrated and clocked at high frequencies, conventional DLL 100 may exhibit jitter and slew because the width of the delay period is a relatively coarse increment of change in the amount of delay between delay edges.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


The head gimbal assembly includes a slider and a micro-actuator assembly sharing power for the micro-actuator assembly to aid in positioning the slider and for an amplifier included in the slider to generate an amplified read signal when the slider read accesses data on a rotating disk surface included in a hard disk drive. The slider includes a read-write head providing a read differential signal pair to an amplifier to generate an amplified read signal reported when read accessing a rotating disk surface near the slider, which includes a read head employing a spin valve or employing a tunneling valve. Hard disk drive including a head stack assembly, which includes at least one of the head gimbal assemblies. Manufacturing the head gimbal assembly, the head stack assembly, and the hard disk drive, as well as these items as products of the invention's manufacturing processes.

Contemporary hard disk drives include an actuator assembly pivoting through an actuator pivot to position one or more read-write heads, embedded in sliders, each over a rotating disk surface. The data stored on the rotating disk surface is typically arranged in concentric tracks. To access the data of a track, a servo controller first positions the read-write head by electrically stimulating the voice coil motor, which couples through the voice coil and an actuator arm to move a head gimbal assembly in lateral positioning the slider close to the track. Once the read-write head is close to the track, the servo controller typically enters an operational mode known herein as track following. It is during track following mode that the read-write head is used to access data stored in the track. Micro-actuators provide a second actuation stage for lateral positioning the read-write head during track following mode. They often use an electrostatic effect and/or a piezoelectric effect to rapidly make fine position changes. They have doubled the bandwidth of servo controllers and are believed essential for high capacity hard disk drives from hereon.
A central feature of the hard disk drive industry is its quest for greater data storage density, leading to continued reduction in track width, and the size of the read head within the read-write head. As the read head shrinks, the read signal it can generate will grow weaker. While contemporary hard disk drives have a preamplifier located in the actuator assembly, this weak read signal must travel from the slider a path with significant resistance before it can be amplified. What is needed is a mechanism strengthening the read signal before it leaves the slider.

Apparatus and method for head gimbal assembly sharing power to slider amplifier and micro-actuator in a hard disk drive


An input buffer circuit of a semiconductor memory device in which data is accessed by driving a decoder based on first and second internal address signals, the input buffer circuit including a first circuit for summing an input address and a chip selection signal to generate a first address signal, first and second inverters for inverting the first address signal and generating the first internal address signal and a second address signal, a detector circuit receiving the first internal address signal and the second address signal and detecting a HIGH of the first internal address signal and a LOW of the second address signal, and a second circuit for summing an output of the detection means and the second address signal and generating the second internal address signal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an input buffer circuit, and more particularly, to an improved input buffer circuit for stable operation of a memory cell.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
FIG. 1 illustrates the conventional input buffer circuit. The conventional input buffer circuit includes an address buffer 10 for buffering an input address ADDR, and an address signal generator 11 for generating an address transition detection signal ATD and internal address signals AN and ANB for a cell selection based on an output signal ANIB from the address buffer 10.
FIG. 2 illustrates the input buffer circuit. The input buffer circuit includes a NOR-gate NR1 for NORing an input address ADDR and a chip selection signal CSB, inverters I1 and I2 for sequentially inverting output signals from the NOR-gate NR1 and outputting an address signal ANIB, and a PMOS transistor PM1 connected between a power supply voltage VCC terminal and an output terminal of the NOR-gate NR1.
The address signal generator 11 includes inverters I3 and I4 for inverting the output signal ANIB from the address buffer 10 and outputting an address transition detection signal ATD and an internal address signal AN, and inverters I5 and I6 for sequentially inverting the output signal from the address buffer 10 and outputting an internal address signal ANB.
The operation of the conventional input buffer circuit will now be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
When the chip is enabled by a LOW chip selection signal CSB as shown in FIG. 3A, the address buffer 10 sequentially inverts the input address ADDR, as shown in FIG. 3B, and outputs an address signal ANIB. The address signal generator 11 inverts the address signal ANIB and outputs the address transition signal ATD and address signals AN and ANB, as shown in FIGS. 3C and 3D.
In addition, the decoder 12 is driven by the address signals AN and ANB and outputs address signals OUT1 and OUT2 as shown in FIGS. 3E and 3F, so that data is outputted from a memory cell 13.
The output signal of the NOR-gate NR1 is frequently in a noise margin range around a transition voltage between the voltage VIL, where an input signal is recognized as LOW, and the voltage VIH, where the input signal is recognized as HIGH.
As a result, around the transition voltage, the NOR-gate NR1 does not output a well-defined output value due to the noise, and outputs of the inverters I1 and I2 become unstable due to the unstable output of the NOR-gate NR1.
In addition, as shown in FIGS. 3C and 3D, the internal address signals AN and ANB become HIGH due to the unstable output ANIB of the inverter I2. When the internal address signals AN and ANB become HIGH, the memory cell 13 is selected, and data in the memory cell 13 may be lost.
Therefore, around the transition voltage, the pull-up PMOS transistor PM1 is added for pulling up the input voltage from the inverter I1 as shown in FIG. 2 in order to stabilize the output of the NOR-gate NR1.
However, a hysteresis effect occurs between an input voltage Vin and an output voltage Vout of the inverter I1 due to the addition of the PMOS transistor PM1, so that the output voltage Vout from the inverter I1 exhibits a characteristic degradation by .DELTA.V.


The present invention discloses a clutch mechanism to adjust eccentricity in a power tool. The clutch mechanism comprises an outer race mounted radially on an annular main body which is mounted on an eccentric shaft. At least one first connecting member is disposed between the outer race and the annular main body. At least one second connecting member is disposed between the annular main body and the eccentric shaft. The first connecting member makes the outer race and the annular main body rotate relative to each other at one way. The second connecting member makes the annular main body and the eccentric shaft rotate relative to each other at one way. The annular main body has an axial projection formed thereon to connect with an eccentric mechanism in the power tool. With this type of clutch mechanism, the adjusted eccentricity will not change during working and torque can be transferred stably.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a clutch mechanism for use in a power tool.
2. Background Art
EP-A-820838 discloses a clutch mechanism for use in a power tool to adjust eccentricity. The clutch mechanism is used to connect a tool head with an eccentric sleeve. The eccentric sleeve can rotate relative to an eccentric fan wheel. A spring-loaded detent member is installed on the eccentric sleeve. A ring member is secured to the eccentric fan wheel and has at least two detent recesses formed thereon. To adjust eccentricity, the tool head is turned and the eccentric sleeve turns which makes the spring-loaded detent member engage different detent recesses on the ring member. Spring-loaded detent members and detent recess of this type are used generally in the art to transfer torque. However when the torque exceeds a certain level, the detent member slides out of the detent recess which causes the transfer to fail and the eccentricity to change thereby decreasing work efficiency.


A sealing valve 28 that controls a communication state between a fuel tank 10 and a canister 26 is provided. During stop of an internal combustion engine, the sealing valve 28 is generally closed, and the canister 26 is opened to the atmosphere. The sealing valve 28 is opened when the internal combustion engine is stopped, and differential pressure exceeding a valve opening determination value is generated between tank internal pressure and atmospheric pressure. A change in the tank internal pressure generated between before and after the sealing valve 28 is opened is detected. When the change in the tank internal pressure is below a predetermined determination value, closing failure of the sealing valve is determined.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an evaporated fuel treatment device, and more particularly to an evaporated fuel treatment device for treating evaporated fuel generated in a fuel tank without being released into the atmosphere.
2. Background Art
As disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-193580, an evaporated fuel treatment device is known that includes a canister for adsorbing evaporated fuel generated in a fuel tank. In this device, the fuel tank communicates with the canister via a charge control valve and communicates with an intake passage of an internal combustion engine via a tank pressure control valve.
In the conventional device, the tank pressure control valve is opened to introduce induction negative pressure into the fuel tank, thus keeping tank internal pressure in a negative state, during operation of the internal combustion engine. Keeping the tank internal pressure in the negative state as described above prevents the evaporated fuel generated in the fuel tank from being released into the atmosphere.
In the conventional device, if abnormality occurs in the charge control valve placed between the fuel tank and the canister, proper treatment of the evaporated fuel generated in the fuel tank becomes difficult. Thus, this device requires diagnosing whether the charge control valve normally functions.
To meet this requirement, the conventional device diagnoses the charge control valve by the below described method. Specifically, when diagnosing the charge control valve, the device first closes both the charge control valve and the tank pressure control valve and forms a state where the canister is opened to the atmosphere under a situation where the tank internal pressure is made negative by normal control. Then, the device issues a valve opening instruction to the charge control valve, and determines whether a change occurs in the tank internal pressure between before and after the instruction.
If the charge control valve is properly opened in the state where the tank internal pressure is negative, air flows from the canister into the fuel tank to increase the tank internal pressure. On the other hand, if the charge control valve remains closed, that is, if closing failure occurs in the charge control valve, no change occurs in the tank internal pressure between before and after the valve opening instruction. Thus, if there in no sign of significant increase in the tank internal pressure between before and after the instruction, the conventional device determines that the closing failure occurs in the charge control valve. According to the above described procedure, the conventional device can accurately detect the closing failure of the charge control valve.

Evaporated fuel treatment device for internal combustion engine


Provided are a water pump motor that employs a stator core of an outer winding method that can use a low-cost ferrite magnet by minimizing an air gap between a magnet of a rotor and a stator core, and that heightens a fill factor, to thereby maximize efficiency of the motor, and a water pump using the water pump motor. The water pump motor includes a stator and an inner type rotor, in which the stator includes: a stator core whose inner circumferential portion is annularly interconnected, in which a number of protrusions are radially extended and formed; insulating bobbins that surround the stator core; a coil wound around the outer circumference of each bobbin; and an annular back yoke that surrounds in contact with the outer end of the stator core. The insulating bobbins are annularly molded to surround the inner circumferential portion of the stator core, and entirely surround the inner circumferential portion of the stator core, to thus make the inner side surface play a role of a sealing cover, and the rotor includes ferrite magnets in opposition to the inner side surfaces of the bobbins.

In general, a water pump motor is used to drive a water pump that is installed in a drain water tank of a washing machine, or is used as a driving source of a water pump that is used for circulation of a coolant that cools an engine. The water pump equipped with the water pump motor works under an environment that the inside of the water pump always directly contacts water.
Thus, a component that is called a mechanical seal is used in a water pump for sealing purposes in order to protect a motor from water when the water of the inside of the water pump is drained to the outside of the water pump or in order to prevent failure of bearings or shortened life of belts due to leakage of a coolant.
A conventional water pump that uses a mechanical seal requires a separate additional post-processing work in order to have the mechanical seal. Accordingly, a processing cost and a material cost for the mechanical seal rise up to thereby become a factor of raising the prime cost of the water pump using a water pump motor. In addition, water or foreign matters flowing from the outside of the water pump may be introduced into the water pump motor, to thereby cause breakdown of the motor.
A bearing structure that is used in a water pump motor having a can cover in order to protect the water pump motor was disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,277,115. The bearing structure that is used in the disclosed water pump motor having the can cover is configured to include a ring of an elastomer or of felt that is disposed between a calotte bearing and a bearing support element, and grooves that are formed in the bearing support element and the calotte bearing near the ring. Here, the ring of the elastomer or of the felt is disposed between the calotte bearing and the bearing support element and the calotte bearing and the bearing support element are provided with grooves formed in the region of the ring. The calotte bearing mount is particularly useful in pumps with canned motors for delivery of electrolyte liquid in fuel cell units.
In the above-described water pump having the can cover, water introduced into the water pump motor from the water pump can be blocked to some extent. However, the can cover should be separately produced to be assembled with the motor, to thereby cause the prime cost of the water pump to rise and productivity to lower. Further, a waterproof structure for water entering from the outside of the water pump motor is not presented, to thus require for additional measures for waterproof.
Meanwhile, according to the conventional art, to solve the problems, there was presented a water pump motor that is formed by insert-molding a number of split cores with a bulk mould compound (BMC) and inserting a metallic can into the inside thereof.
However, the conventional water pump motor employs an inner rotor structure, and has not only narrow slots between T-shaped teeth provided in a stator core, but also employs an inner coil winding method, to thus cause uneasy coil windings. In addition, the conventional water pump motor needs a separate wiring structure for connection between the coil windings wound in each split core, to thereby cause structure of a motor to become very complex and workability to become significantly deteriorated.
In addition, as described above, the stator is constituted by the inner winding method, and thus a coil winding space is narrow, to thus fail to increase a fill factor and enhance the efficiency of the motor.
Moreover, since an air gap between a rotor and a stator is structurally large in size, an expansive Nd magnet whose magnetic force is stronger than a low-cost ferrite magnet should be used, to thereby cause high production costs. In addition, unless the size of the water pump (in particular, the diameter thereof) is increased, a low-magnetic ferrite magnet may not be used and a high-magnetic Nd magnet should be used, in order to obtain a desired pump output.
However, the Nd magnet has no corrosion resistance unlike a low-cost ferrite magnet having a corrosion resistance capability, and thus should have a water-proof structure surrounding the Nd magnet so that the Nd magnet does not touch the water. As a result, since an air gap between the stator core and the magnet becomes large, the motor efficiency was further degraded.

Water-pump motor using a waterproof stator, and water pump


An abstract indexing structure called a C-tree that it is an access method that exploits search space “containment” is described. The C-tree structure includes objects spaces that overlap, but search spaces that are disjoint. Every part of the search space is indexed by some node. Moreover, every object has a unique location in the index, despite the object space overlap. The C-tree is a tree of pages, typically disk based, like a B-tree, but it handles a greater variety of data, e.g., spatial data, temporal data, etc. In particular, it can handle the indexing of objects that have extents, not merely point data, and hence objects that can overlap. These objects can be indexed without remapping them to a higher dimensional point space. At least one particular aspect of the invention is premised on a notion of an object being contained in some kind of search space.

There is a significant and growing market in geographic information systems (GIS) for which multi-attribute indexing is highly important. More generally, multi-attribute indexes are useful whenever the same multiple attributes are used repeatedly in queries, as multi-attribute indexes are more selective and more immediately produce the desired candidate query results. Multi-attribute indexing is significant in connection with GIS where queries are very commonly in terms of coordinates of an area of interest. Although several different conventional systems exist that support multi-attribute indexing via object-relational "blades" or "cartridges", for example—these are not integrated deeply into database system(s), and in particular, do not exploit concurrency control and recovery features.
An R-tree is a multi-attribute access method of conventional choice. However, it has a number of problems, including overlapping regions, costly index comparisons, low index node fanout (especially as dimensionality increases), and difficulty in tuning.
Another conventional multi-attribute indexing method is the B-tree. Data in relational databases is frequently stored and retrieved using B-trees. The key of the B-tree frequently involves the concatenation of several fields of the relational table to retrieve small subsets to avoid large scans of potentially huge tables.
A Pi-tree is a multi-attribute indexing method that provides a high concurrency index tree that also supports recovery. The Pi-tree is well-documented in the art.
Currently, the manner in which many database systems optimize multi-attribute queries is to exploit one or more single attribute indexes, occasionally they use concatenated key indexes. However, these conventional approaches require examining substantially more data, typically performing an intersection of results from multiple index searches. There has been on-going work in multi-attribute indexes to improve this situation.


In a printing method, summarizing information is extracted from a print job. Additional content is generated based on the summarizing information. The additional content is integrated into the print job to produce an augmented print job including the additional content. The augmented print job is printed. In an illustrative advertising application, summarizing information is extracted from a print job, advertising content is selected from a database of advertising content based on the summarizing information, and the selected advertising content is integrated into the print job.

Printing costs are a substantial expense for many corporations, universities, and other organizations. These costs can include for example: initial cost of the printing systems; paper cost; toner or ink cost; repair costs in the form of individual repair calls or a long-term repair contract; and so forth. Printers under heavy use such as is typical in corporations, universities, or other organizations often require frequent repairs, and the operating lifetime for these devices may be only a few years or less. Moreover, because it is highly advantageous to have ready access to printing capability, these printing costs are not readily outsourced.
One approach for reducing printing costs is to place an emphasis on frugality, for example by purchasing "economy" model printers, lower cost paper, and so forth. However, this involves problematic trade-offs. An economy printer may produce a lower quality printed product. Lower cost paper may correspond with lower quality paper. The resulting reduction in the quality of printed documents can adversely impact organizational operations, for example by leading to failed business proposals, lost business opportunities, and so forth. The apparent savings may be offset by increased repair costs, more frequent paper jams, shortened printer lifetime, and consequent increased downtime and possibly missed deadlines.
Another approach sometimes taken is to aggressively limit or prohibit printing of personal papers and other non-organizational work. However, the quantity of personal printing is typically low as a proportion of the total printing load, which limits the savings achievable by this approach. Strict enforcement of such limiting or prohibiting rules can also adversely affect employee morale.
Another approach sometimes taken is to shift printing costs to end users. For example, a university department may require its professors and researchers to supply their own printing paper. The savings produced by these approaches are, however, illusory—the costs remain, and are merely hidden by the accounting shift.

Integration of content-based relevant information into print jobs and applications using same


A method and apparatus for folding the major flaps of cartons uses a folding rail having entry, transitional and exit sections which include vertical, curvilinear and horizontal surfaces, respectively, such that the transitional and exit sections are machined from a solid block of metal to have a curvilinear surface of a particular curvature developed from three-dimensional modelling on a computer aided design system in order to consistently square the cartons in a folding operation. The folding rails are positioned in a flap closure station such that a leading folding rail is mounted on a stationary mounting block and a trailing folding rail is mounted on a translatable folding rail in order for the folding rails to be moved closer together or farther apart to fold cartons of different widths. The folding rails have guide rails mounted to them to guide the folded cartons into a compression finger assembly where an arrangement of easily replaceable teflon rails is used to compress the flaps of the cartons to spread the glue. The compression finger assembly is followed by a transport rail assembly of teflon rails which provide a smooth, nonabrasive surface for the cartons to slide along in order for the cartons to set.

Many industries today produce products which require packaging. This is especially true in industries such as the powdered soap detergent manufacturing industry where the product produced would be rather hard to sell without being packaged. With the packaging being such an integral part of selling the product, industrial packaging operations have evolved in order to better package products and to handle packaging on a mass-production scale. The industrial packaging operations which have evolved, however, have not been perfected and are plagued with problems due to 1) product proliferation and diversification which requires quickly changeable equipment to handle a myriad of different package sizes and 2) the need to ever more efficiently and cost effectively containerize the product in order to remain competitive.
Folded cartons have emerged as one of the most efficient ways to package certain products. Carton folding apparatus has developed which uses a combination of folding rails, compression fingers and transport rails to fold, close and seal the flaps of scored cartons in order to containerize a product. The folding rails, compression fingers and transport rails are positioned within a flap closure station so that the folding rails fold the glued flaps of the cartons, the compression fingers compress the cartons to spread the glue and the transport rails provide a smooth, non-abrasive surface along which the carton can slide to further spread the glue while at the same time allowing the glue to dry so that the carton may set. Unfortunately, conventional folding rails, compression fingers and transport rails do not always function as designed and numerous problems have become associated with carton folding operations.
A major problem associated with conventional carton folding apparatus is that the folding rails do not consistently square the cartons. Folding rails are old and well known in the art and come in a variety of shapes and sizes. However, current carton folding operations generally include folding rails that are bent from metal bars or strips in order to have a vertical section, a horizontal section and a transitional section between the vertical and horizontal section. The folding rails bent from metal bars or strips do not consistently fold and square cartons because the transitional sections of the folding rails are not bent to any particular or predetermined curvature, but rather to whatever curvature is attained in arriving at the vertical and horizontal sections.
Thus, folding rails that are bent from metal bars or strips often introduce too much stress into the folding process to cause a skewing of the cartons. Stated another way, when a carton having major and minor flaps is conveyed through a conventional carton folding operation using folding rails bent from metal bars or strips to fold and close the cartons, the folding rails do not consistently fold the flaps so that the cartons are in true square. With many industries today having quality control standards that require cartons out of true square by more than 1/32 of an inch to be rejected, often over 5% of folded cartons fail to meet industry standards. This makes it hard for industry to meet its production quotas and results in waste of both finished cartons and time and money spent on costly, time-consuming trial and error attempts to rebend the transitional sections of the folding rails to a curvature producing acceptably squared cartons.
Another problem associated with conventional folding rails is the lack of adjustability and interchangeability between rail sizes for folding cartons of varying sizes. Conventional folding rails are designed in a sort of one size fits all mentality to fold a limited range of carton sizes and to fold either full-size flaps or shied flaps, i.e., inner and outer major flaps of a carton that are not the full size of the carton opening and thus do not fully overlap each other. Thus, excessive down time is created when the folding rails need to be changed to folding rails of another size to accommodate folding cartons in other size ranges or to accommodate folding shied flaps. Indeed, it often takes a skilled technician as much as 8 to 12 hours to reposition or change-over the heavy stainless steel rails currently used in conventional carton folding apparatus in order to fold cartons of a different size. During the down time, the plant is not in operation and money is being lost.
Conventional folding rails also suffer from problems of incorrect feeding and jamming of the cartons at the folding rail. If a carton is fed incorrectly through a conventional carton folding apparatus, whether because of hot glue build-up on a carton flap, incorrect height of the transport rails or otherwise, a jam at the folding rail will occur and the folding rails will become deformed. A mechanic is then usually required to spend numerous hours, sometimes days, of trial and error in rebending the rails and performing trial runs to get acceptably folded cartons. Thus, in addition to the excessive down time such a process requires, hundreds of finished cartons are often wasted too.
Carton scuffing, discoloration lines and scratches are additional problems often associated with conventional carton folding apparatus. Cartons today are often made from a combination of plastic and cardboard applied in layers to form a laminate, e.g., outside film laminate (OFL) or inside film laminate (IFL). The outside surfaces of the laminates are often damaged by the stainless steel folding rails of conventional cart on folding apparatus which acts like sandpaper and abrades the cartons.
Another problem plaguing conventional carton folding operations is the excessive down time currently required to replace teflon rails. Teflon rails must be replaced when worn or when glue builds-up on the rails. Conventional teflon rails are made entirely of costly virgin teflon and are arranged so that a set of rails are bolted together by drilling holes through each of the rails in the set at various locations in order to insert bolts through the holes to thus, connect the rails together in series. Replacement of teflon rails so bolted together is costly and time consuming because of the need to disassemble the whole assembly and to drill holes in the new rails to be placed in the teflon rail arrangements.
Current industrial carton folding operations are also experiencing difficulties with respect to excessive glue consumption. Hot glues of high viscosity are typically used and are very expensive. Folding rails shapes, line speed and glue open time are all parameters affecting the amount of glue consumed. Thus, methods and apparatus which function more efficiently to fold and compress cartons would reduce glue consumption and save money.
A need exists, therefore, for improved methods and apparatus for folding cartons using folding rails having a curvilinear surface of a predetermined curvature to consistently produce squared cartons, which are adjustable and interchangeable to reduce excessive down time by allowing for quick and easy changeover to different rail sizes for folding cartons of varying sizes, widths and flaps, i.e. full-size versus shied or to replace deformed rails, which are durable, of low maintenance and of simple installation and which use teflon rail arrangements designed to be quickly and easily replaced in order to decrease the down time and expense associated with conventional teflon rails.

Method and apparatus for folding cartons to consistently square the cartons


A harness for use in coupling with an animal interface, the animal interface comprising one or more of conduits for transmitting fluid, electrical signals, or optical signals. Swivel extension tether for quick connect to harness, dual-ended swivel, an extension line, and connection to upstream monitoring equipment. Method for using the harness in an animal for fluid communication access, an electrical signal interface, and an optical interface.

Rodents, specifically rats and mice, comprise more than 80% of the animals used in biomedical research, teaching, and testing. The technology of advanced physiological monitoring in rats, mice and other animals is rapidly advancing. (Goode, R. L. G., Klein, H. J., 2002, Miniaturization: an overview of biotechnologies for monitoring the physiology and pathophysiology or rodent animal models, ILAR J., 43:136-46) Researchers are gathering reliable data from a variety of physiological systems in various rodent species using laser Doppler flowmetry, digital sonomicrometry, bioelectrical impedance, and microdialysis, using noninvasive physiological monitoring methods, in instances where the animal is mobile.
Basic research in fields such as neuroscience, physiology, pharmacology, virology, immunology, and oncology use large numbers of rodents to asses the effects of biological and pharmacologically active agents. (Cunliffe-Beamer, T. L., 1993, Applying principles of aseptic surgery to rodents, AWIC Newslett 4:3-6; National Research Council, 1996, Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, 7th Ed., Washington D.C., National Academy Press) Many of these studies use vascular infusion technology to derive samples for assessing activity, biodistribution, and plasma duration. A variety of vascular infusion and intravascular delivery systems have been used in rodents for many years (Fox, C. E., Beazley, R. M., 1975, Chronic venous catheterization: a technique for implanting and maintaining venous catheters in rats, J. Surg. Res. 18:607-10).
Physiologic monitoring of animals often requires externalization of percutaneous, subcutaneous, or otherwise indwelling catheters or cannulas which are coupled to tethering tubes which are further coupled to stationary infusion pumps, power consoles or meters. Initially, the mobility of the animals was restricted either physically or chemically to prevent entanglement and disruption of the tethering tubes. To achieve a more normal, stress-free environment, swivels were developed as an intermediate device to couple the tethering tube with the pump. The swivel allowed a singly-housed animal to move freely about the cage. Line tangling was prevented by virtue of the swivels.
For withdrawing fluids from animals, a tethering apparatus is essentially the only option for long-term continuous access to an animal for physiological monitoring. (Loughnane, M., Jacobson, A., 2004, Tethered infusion and withdrawal in laboratory animals, Animal Lab News, September/October) (http://animallab.com/articles.asp?pid=73) Tethering systems allow for mobility of animals that are chronically catheterized. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,900,313) One tethering system that has been described consists of a jacket made of a light weight, breathable nylon netting material, a light-weight, highly flexible stainless steel attaching tether, and a cage-mounted swivel to which the tether is anchored (Chatham, A. K, 1985, Jacket and Swivel Tethering Systems, Lab Animal 14(8): 29-33).
Early pioneers in the area of tethered infusion systems incorporated various "home-brew" systems (Guillery, E. N., Chodak, G. W., 1984, A technique for continuous infusion in the mouse bladder, J. Urol. 131:1005-7; Hagmuller, K., et al., 1992, A tail-artery cannulation method for the study of blood parameters in freely moving rats, J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods, 28: 79-83; Hodge, D, Shalev, M, 1992, Dual cannulation: a method for continuous interveneous infusion and repeated blood sampling in unrestrained mice, Lab Anim. Sci., 42: 320-22; Patijn G. A., et al., 1998, Method for continuous infusion into the portal vein of mice, Lab Anim. Sci., 48:379-83). A key element of any tether system is the swivel that allows for rotational movement of the tethered animal. In the late 1960s, Michael Loughnane, a biomedical engineer at Temple University, began to design and build swivels to meet the needs of research investigators for tethered infusion in rats. His continued efforts in this specialty area led to the commercialization of the swivel and many other well-engineered components and systems for tethered infusion and sampling, which are available from Instech Solomon (Plymouth Meeting, Pa.).
The primary factors for selecting the components of an infusion system include study length, study end point, access site, need for blood withdrawal, and periodic versus continuous access. (Nolan, T. E., Klein, H. J., 2002, Methods in vascular infusion biotechnology in research with rodents, ILAR J., 43(3):175-82.) "Acute" studies can last up to one day in duration, while "chronic" studies can last longer than one day, during which time the animal is maintained in a normal physiological state. The need for chronic access invokes a different set of component requirements compared with an acute study. Tethering of the test animal is used when chronic access to a conduit is required in a freely moving animal.
Tethered infusion, which involves continuous intravenous infusion or fluid withdrawal of small laboratory animals, e.g. rats and mice, are the most common applications of the devices and system of the invention. (FIG. 1) Details of the use of catheters, tether attachment devices, swivels, harnesses and infusion pumps are well known in the art (e.g. Instech Solomon).
Tethered infusion systems typically include a subcutaneous button, jacket or harness, tail cuff, or a head block apparatus placed near the catheter exit site. This restraint part of the system connects to a spring tether, which is attached to a swivel mounted to the animal's cage. Button tethers and head blocks require surgical placement and are used for long-term studies. They are fabricated of stainless steel, plastic, Dacron mesh, or silicone and are surgically implanted directly beneath the skin of the animal. Fixation of head blocks requires the use of dental acrylic, which attaches the device to the skull bones.
A saddle, jacket, harness or a button infusion device permits externalization of a catheter or cannula through the scapular region of the animal. (Loughnane, M., & Jacobson, A., 2004, Tethered infusion and withdrawal in laboratory animals, Animal Lab News) (http://animallab.com/articles.asp?pid=73) Jackets and harnesses require no surgical intervention and are commercially available in a number of materials and sizes (e.g., Lomir Biomedical, Inc., Malone, N.Y.; Kent Scientific Corporation, Litchfield, Conn.; Alice King Chatham Medical Arts, Hawthorne, Calif.). Jackets are reusable and are made of cloth or nylon in a vest-like conformation, with two cutouts for the front limbs and a reinforced area over the catheter exit site that attaches to the spring tether. However, because of their cloth construction, jackets are prone to soiling and must be washed or replaced periodically.
Harnesses have been used more recently as alternatives to jackets. A harness, sometimes referred to as a saddle, covers the externalization site of the catheter, and provides a means of tethering or restraining the animal, so that the conduit does not become disengaged from the animal. A button infusion device is made of polyester mesh, metal or polysulfone plastic and is sutured to the fascia under the animal's skin, allowing conduit externalization through the button's center.
The Covance Harness™ (Covance Laboratories, Vienna, Va.) is constructed of a molded elastomer saddle, with attached silicone bands that form a sling around the animal's body. They are commercially available for both rats and mice, are designed to be disposable, and do not require periodic cleaning (Instech Solomon). They present a much smaller contact area to the rodent's skin and are not as likely to interfere with thermoregulation. The saddle serves as the attachment point for the spring tether and as a protective covering for the catheter, catheter exit site, or external terminus of the animal interface, and subsequent couplings.
Stainless steel tubes are inserted through a hole in the Covance Harness for coupling to a catheter emerging from the animal to the swivel extension line. The coupling of the stainless steel tubes to the catheter and then to swivel extension line and subsequent threading of the line through a tether is slow, difficult and cumbersome to attach. Additionally, no quick removal of the system is available; once the animal is connected to the system it cannot be removed from the swivel extension line and catheter without considerable work. This manipulation results in high stress to the animal, which could lead to erroneous experimental results. Minimizing stress to the animal increases reproducibility from animal to animal, reduces animal use, and is ethically justified for animal welfare and for improving study validity. (Nolan, T. E., Klein, H. J., 2002, Methods in vascular infusion biotechnology in research with rodents, ILAR J., 43(3):175-82 (http:/dels.nas.edu/ilar/jour_online/43—3/v4303nolan.asp))
The commercially available vascular infusion technology and accompanying product literature provides ample guidance so that a user can select the optimal system or infusion devices such as catheters and pumps to ensure a successful study outcome when vascular delivery or collection of a sample via the vascular route is desirable. The technologies available for monitoring rodent physiological systems and for monitoring and characterizing specific organ systems such as the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are well known, including methods of vascular access in rodents. (Goode, T. L., Klein, H. J., 2002, Miniaturization: An overview of biotechnologies for monitoring the physiology and pathophysiology of rodent animal models, ILAR J., 43:136-46; Hartley, C. J., et. al., 2002, Noninvasive cardiovascular phenotyping in mice, ILAR J., 43:147-58; Hedlund, L. W., Johnson, G. A., 2002, Mechanical ventilation for imaging the small animal lung, ILAR J., 43:159-74; Nolan, T. E., Klein, H. J., 2002, Methods in vascular infusion biotechnology in research with rodents, ILAR J., 43:175-82).

Harness interface conduit, tether line, and swivel for use in animals


The present invention relates to a gate driving circuit comprising at least an output processing unit, and further comprising an amplifying device correspondingly connected to the output processing unit, said amplifying device being used to process a signal output from the output processing unit and then output a driving signal. The present invention also relates to a liquid crystal display, including a gate driving circuit and a display panel, said gate driving circuit comprising at least an output processing unit, and said display panel comprising a gate line, wherein said gate driving circuit further comprises an amplifying device correspondingly connected to the output processing unit, said amplifying device is used to process a signal output from the output processing unit and then output a driving signal; said amplifying device is correspondingly connected to an end of the gate line. The invention decreases the difference of output signals of the gate driving circuit at difference positions, improves overall uniformity of the gate driving signals, thus decreasing display deviation on the display panel and improving imaging effect.

Thin Film Transistor-Liquid Crystal Display, and TFT-LCD for short, is one of main liquid crystal displays. An objective of such liquid crystal displays is to increase size and resolution of the liquid crystal display panel. As the liquid crystal display panel becomes larger in size and higher in resolution, the density of gate lines in the panel is required to increase.
When the density of gate lines in the panel increases, the number of output processing units in the gate driving circuit increases accordingly. In the related art, the gate driving circuit converts input signal into output signal directly. In an ideal condition, when the same signals are input to the gate driving circuit, the same signals will be output at output pins on the output processing unit in the gate driving circuit. However, due to the property of process, it is hard to design respective output processing units within the gate driving circuit to have the same resistance. In such a case, when the same signals are input, the outputs will be different due to resistance difference among the respective output processing units within the gate driving circuit, and further results in inconsistence of signals input to the gate which brings defects of a great displaying deviation and bad imaging effect, such as uneven resolution, grey difference occurring at a display vicinity of two output processing units, bright line appearing, and the like.
In the related art, in order to solve the above technical problems, a method in which the width of line connecting the output processing units is made greater and resistance becomes smaller relatively so as to decrease output difference of respective output processing units within the gate driving circuit is applied. However, a defect of this method is that more peripheral spaces of the liquid crystal display need to be occupied, while requirement for the space layout and size of the liquid crystal display and the design difficulty will increase.

Gate driving circuit and liquid crystal display

BEIJING BOE OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.


To improve combustion efficiency of gasoline engines having fuel injection responsive to, among other inputs, an exhaust sensor, fuel is introduced into the intake manifold in a constant stream. The fuel is taken from a return line returning excess fuel from the fuel injection system back to the fuel tank. This fuel is fed into a vacuum conduit in communication with the intake manifold, the vacuum conduit preferably being a fuel cannister purge line, or a positive crankcase ventilation line. Fuel vaporizes due to being subjected to high vacuum over a long path of travel. As the proportion of fuel introduced into the engine as a vapor increases, and reliance upon fuel which is merely atomized by the fuel injection system decreases, combustion efficiency is improved.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to improving efficiency of gasoline engines, and more particularly to supplementary introduction of fuel into the intake manifold at a point other than by co-existing fuel injection valves.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Careful control over the quantity of fuel fed to gasoline engines has been the subject of great attention in the prior art. The purpose of such control includes economy of fuel consumption; compliance with pollution emission limits; power and response of an engine; and increased longevity of an engine, as by reducing carbon deposits therein.
It has been the experience of the automotive industry that some of these purposes, and in particular, the first two mentioned above, frequently work at cross purposes. Precise fuel control, as provided by electronically controlled fuel injection systems seem to offer the best hope for addressing all these concerns satisfactorily. Therefore, refinement to fuel control may be expected to be reflected in fuel injection systems. Patents disclosing incorporation of one significant refinement relevant to the present invention are discussed below.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,890,946, issued to Josef Wahl on Jun.24, 1975, and 3,960,118, issued to Toshiaki Konomi et al. on Jun.1, 1976, each show an engine fuel arrangement wherein a carburetor is purposefully designed to provide a lean mixture. A supplementary fuel injection valve is provided to make necessary adjustments to the fuel-to-air ratio. An exhaust sensor monitoring exhaust gases for oxygen content provide the input to a microprocessor or equivalent device, which in turn sends a control signal to the fuel injection valve. The fuel injection valve provides a compensating and complementary quantity of fuel to the engine responsive to the control signal.
Still further examples generally illustrating the approach described above are seen in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,088,100, issued to Naomi Tokura et al. on May 9, 1978, and 4,169,441, issued to Tadayoshi Hirano et al. on Oct. 2, 1979.
Japanese Pat. Application No. 63-307639, dated Jun. 12, 1990, provides two fuel injection valves to accomplish the same result. One of these injection valves is responsive to a signal derived from an exhaust sensor.
None of the above inventions and patents, taken either singly or in combination, is seen to describe the instant invention as claimed.