There is presented mechanisms for profile handling of a communications device (300). A method is performed by a local profile assistant (200a) of a proxy device (200). The method comprises obtaining an indication of handling a profile of the communications device (300). The method comprises establishing a first secure communications link with a local profile assistant of the communications device. The method comprises establishing a second secure communications link with a subscription management entity (430) of the communications device. The method comprises receiving information pertaining to handling of the profile by the local profile assistant of the communications device, the information being received from the subscription management entity over the second secure communications link. The method comprises providing the information to the local profile assistant of the communications device over the first secure communications link.

In communications networks, there may be a challenge to obtain good performance and capacity for a given communications protocol, its parameters and the physical environment in which the communications network is deployed.
For example, one parameter in providing good performance and capacity for a given communications protocol in a communications network is security. In general terms, proper security mechanisms are needed to prevent misuse of connected devices. As a non-limiting illustrative example, distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks against popular websites might utilize poorly protected connected devices, such as cameras running the Internet Protocol (IP), routers, digital video recorders running the Internet Protocol, and so on.
Connected devices may also be entrusted with valuable, sensitive, or private data that needs to be protected from unauthorized access. Identity management is a central part of security and device life-cycle management. A connected device generally needs an identity to be able to identify and authenticate itself to its counterparts in the network in order to establish secure communication to other connected devices or services. This is needed at the connectivity layer when connecting to a network and at the application layer when connecting to a service of the network. Secure communication protects sensor data, or control data for actuators, but is also needed for provisioning of identities to the connected device and for secure configuration of the connected device, including secure firmware update. Identities are also the base for an access control mechanism controlling who can access resources of a connected device, including who can provision additional identities to the connected device.
A simplified block diagram of a communications network 100 is illustrated in FIG. 1. A connected device 120 is provided network access by a network node 110, such as a network gateway (GW) or an access point (AP) of a connectivity provider network 120. The connectivity provider network 120 further comprises an authentication server 130, which could be an authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) server. Subscriber information for connectivity may be stored in the authentication server 130 or may be stored in a separate network entity, which could be a home subscriber server (HSS) 140, and which separate network entity also provides authentication material for use by the authentication server 130. The connectivity provider network 120 in turn is operatively connected to a service network 150, such as the Internet, possibly comprising at least one second communications device 180 that could be a data server (DS). The service network 150 is further operatively connected to an enterprise network 160. The enterprise network 160 comprises a management server (MS) 170 and possibly at least one second communications device 180 that could be a DS.
As an example, the connected device 120 could belong to the enterprise of the enterprise network 160 and be configured to provide sensor data (or other type of data) to one or more of the second communications devices 180 located either in the enterprise network 160 or in the service network 150. The enterprise manages the connected device 120 through the management server 170. Management comprises providing identities and credentials to the connected device 120 and the second communications devices 180 to which the connected device 120 is communicating with such that secure communication can be established. The connectivity provider network 120 may, partly or fully, also be provided by the enterprise.
The so-called 3GPP identity technology, where 3GPP is short for third generation partnership project, is a well-proven identity technology that might be leveraged as identity technology for constrained devices, not only for constrained devices to access cellular networks, but also for other constrained devices to access non-cellular networks such as WiFi. The 3GPP Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) protocol is agnostic to the underlying network and can for example be tunneled in the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) using the EAP-AKA. EAP is a commonly used authentication and key agreement protocol as part of network attachment, e.g. for WiFi network access. Using EAP-AKA allows existing security infrastructure (e.g. at enterprises) to be used that easily can integrate with the authentication systems (such as HSS) of mobile network operators (MNOs).
Changing subscription from one mobile network operator to another is for mobile phones today mostly done by physically replacing the existing universal integrated-circuit card (UICC) or subscriber identity module or subscriber identification module (SIM) card with a new UICC/SIM card for the new mobile network operator. For constrained devices installed at remote locations and hard to reach places, sending out maintenance personnel for such an operation is a costly operation, and may even not be possible for some constrained devices (e.g. hermetically sealed constrained devices). Instead, a way of securely updating/changing the subscription from remote is needed.
The so-called embedded UICC (eUICC) is a dedicated UICC chip integrated into the device, i.e. it is not removable. However, at the same time, remote management of the eUICC and the subscriptions stored on it is provided such that users or device owners can change subscriptions for their devices and the new subscription data is provisioned onto the eUICC remotely. GSMA (GSM Association, where GSM is short for Global System for Mobile communication) has specified two variants of such a remote SIM provisioning protocol; one for consumer type devices and one for machine-to-machine (M2M) type devices. For the consumer variant the end-user controls the switch between profiles instead of the operator/remote provisioning server as in the M2M variant.
However, for constrained devices even the use of an embedded UICC may add unreasonable cost to the device. The next phase in the UICC evolution is the integrated UICC (iUICC) in which the UICC is integrated into the System-on-Chip of the modem/application processor. There is today no exact definition of the iUICC. In some aspects, a dedicated central processing unit (CPU) core with its own dedicated memory and peripherals might constitute the iUICC. An iUICC may alternatively be realized using hardware isolation mechanisms such as ARM TrustZone or Intel SGX.
An overview of an architecture 400 for connectivity management in the to GSMA consumer variant is shown in FIG. 2. The end-user 410 owning and/or using the device may here order a new profile download from the MNO 420. The MNO 420 prepares a profile provisioning server, SM-DP+ 430 (short for enhanced Subscription Manager Data Preparation), for the profile download. The end-user 410 triggers the profile download (and switch of profile) via a Local Profile Assistant (LPAd) available in the device via a user interface. The LPAd comprises a Local Discovery (LDSd) entity, a Local Profile Download (LPDd) entity, and a Local User Interface (LUId) entity. The suffix d indicates that the entity is part of the communications device 120. An eUICC/iUICC manufacturer (EUM) 460 is the entity that manufactured the eUICC/iUICC. The manufacturer of an iUICC is typically the device manufacturer. The Certificate Issuer (CI) 450 is the issuer of certificates used in profile download and other operations. Operational interfaces are shown as directional arrows connecting the entities 120-460. For example, ES9+ is the interface between SM-DP+ 430 and LPAd/LPDd in the communications device 120, and ES10b is the interface between LPAd/LPDd and the eUICC/iUICC, whereas ES8+ is the interface between SM-DP+ 430 and the eUICC/iUICC in the communications device 120.
FIG. 3 is a signalling diagram of profile download to the device 120. For protection of the profile download secure communication is established between the eUICC/iUICC and the SM-DP+ 430 as well between the LPAd and the SM-DP+ 430.
The use of the GSMA consumer variant for constrained devices poses problems in that many constrained devices do not have a user interface for communication with the end-user/device owner 410. Instead the constrained device is managed and configured via a Management Server (MS) using a dedicated management protocol such as LightweightM2M (LwM2M). GSMA RSP defines the concept companion device and primary device where a companion device is a device that relies on the primary device for connectivity and user interface during profile provisioning and local profile management. Secure communication is mandated between the companion and primary device for protection of the profile management operations and HTTPS (short for HTTP Secure, where HTTP is short for Hypertext Transfer Protocol) might be used for secure communications.
However, constrained devices might not support the use of HTTPS. Instead, the so-called Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is often used as application protocol. Besides for secure communication between the companion device and the primary device, the consumer variant also standardizes HTTPS connection to secure the communication between the LPAd and the SM-DP+ 430. Introducing support for HTTPS in constrained devices, in addition to already existing protocols for communicating with application servers, requires more memory in the constrained device.
Hence, there is still a need for improved handling of profiles for communications devices, such as constrained devices.

Profile handling of a communications device


Disclosed is a separator comprising inorganic particle or aggregates thereof having a unique spectrum or color pattern according to a predetermined rule. Also, disclosed are an electrochemical device comprising the above separator and a method for identifying the origin or kind of the separator itself or the electrochemical device comprising the same by using the above separator. Further, disclosed is a method for manufacturing the aforementioned separator, the method comprising a step of forming a specific pattern by coating inorganic particles having a unique spectrum or color pattern on at least one area selected from the group consisting of a surface of a porous substrate and a porous part of the substrate.

Electrochemical devices are power sources for electronic appliances, etc. As the use of batteries is enlarged to applications for the storage of energy for portable telephones, camcorders, notebook computers, personal computers and electric vehicles, efforts on the research and development of batteries are increasingly embodied.
Meanwhile, since the electrochemical devices have been in increasing demand, counterfeits thereof have been distributed more and more. Such counterfeits have much lower safety than authentic products. Therefore, there has been an imminent need for a method for checking the authenticity of an electrochemical device.
According to the prior art, there has been suggested a method for checking the authenticity of an electrochemical device by incorporating a semiconductor capable of communicating with the main body of an electronic appliance into the electrochemical device. However, the above method requires an additional space for housing the semiconductor inside the device, so that the space for receiving electrodes inside the device grows smaller. This ultimately results in a drop in the capacity of a battery. Additionally, such introduction of a semiconductor into the electrochemical device causes degradation of the productivity and cost-efficiency.

Separator and electrochemical device comprising the same


A light emitting element having; a first and a second conductivity type semiconductor layers, a first and a second electrodes formed on the first and second conductivity type semiconductor layer, the first and the second electrodes being disposed on the same face side of the first conductivity type semiconductor layer and the second conductivity type semiconductor layer, in plan view, the first electrode having a first connecting portion, a first extending portion, and two second extending portions, the second electrode having a second connecting portion and two third extending portions, the first extending portion of the first electrode extending linearly from the first connecting portion toward the second connecting portion, and the two second extending portions extending parallel to the first extending portion on two sides of the first extending portion, the two third extending portions of the second electrode extending parallel to the first extending portion between the first extending portion and the two second extending portions.

Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a light emitting element, and particularly to an electrode structure of the light emitting element.
Related Art
There have been made various developments to obtain a uniform emission from a light emitting element. For example, for a light emitting element having a quadrilateral outer shape, electrode structures in which either a second electrode or a first electrode is disposed at a center portion of an upper surface of a light emitting element, and the other electrode is disposed embracing it (for example, JP 2011-61077 A, JP 2012-89695 A and JP 2011-139037 A).
Each of those various electrode structures is proposed aiming to obtain a uniform distribution of current density to obtain an uniform emission over the entire surface of the light emitting element. However, even with those structures, a deviation in the distribution of current density within a region disposing between the second electrode and the first electrode occurs, which may cause concern of insufficient for obtaining a uniform emission.


A latching device includes a base member of insulating material including a bridge portion and a pair of board-connecting portions connected by the bridge portion; a metallic latching member located at a front face of the bridge portion of the base member and including a latching portion toward a top face of the board-connecting portion; a metallic grounding member including a bridge portion and a pair of connecting portions extending downwards from two opposite ends of the bridge portion; each connecting portion including a first retaining portion and a second retaining portion and retained in corresponding slots defined on a rear face of the board-connecting portion. The grounding member is secured to a rear of the base member, the first retaining portion is located higher than the second retaining portion.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a latching device, which is used for retaining a daughter board such as a memory card in an electrical connector to complete an electrical connection between the daughter board and a mother board.
2. Description of Related Art
A conventional latching device for retaining a daughter board in a card edge connector, includes an insulating base member, a latching member attached on a front face of the base member and a grounding member attached on a rear face of base member, both of which is retained on the base member through bolts. The grounding member includes a slender bridge portion and a pair of retaining portions extending from two opposite ends of the bridge portion and a pair of solder portions. The retaining portions are inserted into and retained in corresponding slots defined in the rear face of the base member. The grounding member might be abutting against the rear face loosely, especially in a high type base member.

Latching device for locking a daughter board in an edge connector


The present invention is directed to proteins in which a heparin binding peptide is fused to a growth factor that promotes cell growth and survival. The compound thus formed is bound to the surface of cells which are then administered to damaged tissue. The growth factor is thereby maintained at the site of administration where it promotes repair.

Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a protein that promotes the growth and survival of cardiomyocytes. Mice deficient in IGF-1 exhibit increased apoptosis following myocardial infarction (Palmen, et al., Cardiovasc. Res. 50:516-524 (2001)), whereas cardiac-specific IGF-1 overexpression protects against myocyte apoptosis and ventricular dilation following infarction (Li, et aL, J. Clin. Invest. 100:1991-1999 (1997); Torella, et al., Circ. Res. 94:514-524 (2004)). IGF-1 overexpression also increases cardiac stem cell number and growth, leading to an increase in myocyte turnover and function in the aging heart. Following infarction, IGF-1 promotes engraftment, differentiation, and functional improvement of embryonic stem cells transplanted into myocardium (Kofidis, et aL, Stem Cells 22:1239-1245 (2004)). In addition, serum levels of IGF-1 correlate inversely with the risk of congenital heart failure in a subset of elderly patients (Vasan, et al., Ann. Intern. Med. 139:642-648 (2003)).
The characteristics described above make IGF-1 an attractive therapeutic agent for patients that have experienced damage to cardiac tissue, e.g., patients that have undergone a myocardial infarction. However, IGF-1 is a small protein that diffuses readily through tissues. As a result, it is difficult to keep a high concentration of this factor at a site of tissue damage for a prolonged period of time. One approach that has been taken to maintain a high local concentration is to attach IGF-1 to a self-assembling biological membrane (see US20060088510). Using a rat model of myocardial infarction, it was found that when this membrane is implanted along with neonatal cardiomyocytes, the survival and growth of the implanted cells is improved relative to cells implanted with unbound IGF-1. Thus, the ability of the cells to colonize the damaged heart and improve function is increased. Using a similar approach, positive results were also obtained using PDGF (US20060148703). Although these results are promising, alternative procedures that avoid the necessity of constructing and implanting membranes would be desirable.

Methods of promoting cardiac repair using growth factors fused to heparin binding sequences


A packet processing apparatus includes a packet processing unit that performs a packet output process, an extraction unit that extracts information about each packet before the packet is inputted to the packet processing unit, and a contention handling unit that performs a process avoiding occurrence of contention between/among predetermined processes before the packet is inputted in the packet processing unit, the contention being predicted based on the information about the packet. As a process avoiding contention among series of processes including, for example, processes performed by the packet processing unit to read an amount of transmission rights from a storage unit, do subtraction, and write the amount of transmission rights back into the storage unit, the contention handling unit detects packets belonging to a same flow from information about predetermined number of successive packets and reports the information to the packet processing unit on a flow by flow basis.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary logical configuration of a packet processing apparatus. The packet processing apparatus such as a router or layer 2 switch executes QoS according to a contract bandwidth of a user. The QoS includes, for example, priority control intended to preferentially output voice or other high-priority packets and bandwidth control intended to restrict an output rate to a contract bandwidth.
The bandwidth control includes, for example, input control intended for input packets and output control intended for output packets. Examples of input control include policing. The policing is a method for controlling the output rate of the packet processing apparatus, for example, by discarding packets entering at a rate in excess of CIR (Committed Information Rate), which is a guaranteed bandwidth. The policing is done, for example, by a policer provided on an input-side interface card P11 of the packet processing apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1. Examples of output control include scheduling and shaping. The scheduling is a technique for controlling output timing of packets. Such techniques include, for example, a method that preferentially outputs packets queued on a priority basis, in descending order of priority (priority queuing). The shaping is a method for controlling the output rate by queuing the packets that exceed the CIR. The shaping and scheduling are done, for example, by a shaper and scheduler provided on an output-side interface card P12 of the packet processing apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1. Recently, processing for bandwidth control has become complicated along with increases in volumes of traffic and processing performed on interface cards has become complicated accordingly.

Packet processing apparatus and packet processing method


A combination illumination and reflector device 12 is disclosed having a reflective surface 11 and a plurality of flexible LED strips 13. Each of the flexible strips 13 are electrically connected to an LED controller 14. Power is provided by battery 15 or alternate power source 18. The LED controller 14 generally provides an on off switch to the LEDs 32 of the flexible strips 13. However controller 14 may also be connected, either by hard wire or over-the-air signal, to a smart device 17 running a light control application 16. A resilient frame, such as a flexible spring steel, is sewn into a fabric sleeve/edge seam about the perimeter 21 of the reflective surface 11 which provides a stand-alone structure when in an operative position.

There are many types and styles of known collapsible and/or flexible reflectors. The reflectors come in many sizes and shapes, and often may be used together with different reflective surfaces. For example, the different surfaces may be used to fill in, reflect, diffuse, absorb or soften light on a photographic subject. Each of these prior reflective devices, however, have a similar drawback in that they are passive reflectors.
There are also many types of lighting devices including lighting umbrellas, flashes, studio light heads, LED lighting lamps and video lights among others. However, each of these devices have a drawback related to being bulky, require time consuming setup, and/or are constructed for studio use—thereby lacking the advantage of portability, versatility and convenience.
Therefore, there is a need in the art for a method and apparatus for providing a portable light source capable of providing illumination in a flexible, convenient package to furnish necessary and/or desirable lighting on a photographic subject in various settings. The present invention addresses these needs in the art.

Flexible illumination and reflector method and apparatus


A Physical Layer Device is disclosed having power savings features operable during auto-negotiation for multiple technologies. Excessive power consumption is alleviated by decreasing the power required by the receiver(s) during parallel detection. The Physical Layer Device includes at least one port, with each port including a parallel detection receiver for receiving data and messages from a connected device, the data and messages including autonegotiation fast link pulses indicating a technology capability of the connected device, a cycler for enabling the parallel detection receiver for a fraction of an autonegotiation period and a controller for controlling the cycler. The enabling of the receiver for each port, whether a multiple or single port device, is staggered to prevent more than one receiver from being enabled at one time. Accordingly, the receivers are enabled for a brief period of time to check for the presence of the required signals, and then disabled for a much greater period of time before being enabled again. Further, the Physical Layer Devices contains multiple ports that can stagger the enabling of their receivers so that only one port's receiver is active at any given time.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates in general to a Physical Layer Device, and more particularly to a Physical Layer Device having power savings features operable during auto-negotiation for multiple technologies.
2. Description of Related Art
Recent advancements in the art of data communications have provided great strides in resource sharing amongst computer systems through the use of networks which offer reliable high-speed data channels. Networks allow versatility by defining a common standard for communication so that information according to a standard protocol may be exchanged across user applications. As the popularity of networks increase so does the demand for performance. More sophisticated protocols are being established to meet this demand and are utilizing existing twisted pair wires, as well as more advanced transmission media, in office buildings so that many users have access to shared resources at minimal expense.
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, communication networks and their operations can be described according to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model which includes seven layers including an application, presentation, session, transport, network, link, and physical layer. The OSI model was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and is described in "The Basics Book of OSI and Network Management" by Motorola Codex from Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1993 (First Printing September 1992), and which is incorporated by reference herein.
Each layer of the OSI model performs a specific data communications task, a service to and for the layer that precedes it (e.g., the network layer provides a service for the transport layer). The process can be likened to placing a letter in a series of envelopes before it is sent through the postal system. Each succeeding envelope adds another layer of processing or overhead information necessary to process the transaction. Together, all the envelopes help make sure the letter gets to the right address and that the message received is identical to the message sent. Once the entire package is received at its destination, the envelopes are opened one by one until the letter itself emerges exactly as written.
In a data communication transaction, however, each end user is unaware of the envelopes, which perform their functions transparently. For example, an automatic bank teller transaction can be tracked through the multi-layer OSI system. One multiple layer system (Open System A) provides an application layer that is an interface to a person attempting a transaction, while the other multiple layer system (Open System B) provides an application layer that interfaces with applications software in a bank's host computer. The corresponding layers in Open Systems A and B are called peer layers and communicate through peer protocols. These peer protocols provide communication support for a user's application, performing transaction related tasks such as debiting an account, dispensing currency, or crediting an account.
Actual data flow between the two open systems (Open System A and Open System B), however, is from top to bottom in one open system (Open System A, the source), across the communications line, and then from bottom to top in the other open system (Open System B, the destination). Each time that user application data passes downward from one layer to the next layer in the same system more processing information is added. When that information is removed and processed by the peer layer in the other system, it causes various tasks (error correction, flow control, etc.) to be performed.
The ISO has specifically defined all seven layers, which are summarized below in the order in which the data actually flows as they leave the source:
Layer 7, the application layer, provides for a user application (such as getting money from an automatic bank teller machine) to interface with the OSI application layer. That OSI application layer has a corresponding peer layer in the other open system, the bank's host computer.
Layer 6, the presentation layer, makes sure the user information (a request for $50 in cash to be debited from your checking account) is in a format (i.e., syntax or sequence of ones and zeros) the destination open system can understand.
Layer 5, the session layer, provides synchronization control of data between the open systems (i.e., makes sure the bit configurations that pass through layer 5 at the source are the same as those that pass through layer 5 at the destination).
Layer 4, the transport layer, ensures that an end-to-end connection has been established between the two open systems and is often reliable (i.e., layer 4 at the destination confirms the request for a connection, so to speak, that it has received from layer 4 at the source).
Layer 3, the network layer, provides routing and relaying of data through the network (among other things, at layer 3 on the outbound side an address gets placed on the envelope which is then read by layer 3 at the destination).
Layer 2, the data link layer, includes flow control of data as messages pass down through this layer in one open system and up through the peer layer in the other open system.
Layer 1, the physical interface layer, includes the ways in which data communications equipment is connected mechanically and electrically, and the means by which the data moves across those physical connections from layer 1 at the source to layer 1 at the destination.
The primary standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Network technologies is governed by IEEE Std. 802, which is incorporated by reference herein. IEEE Std. 802 describes the relationship among the family of 802 standards and their relationship to the ISO OSI Basic Reference Model. Generally, IEEE Std. 802 prescribes the functional, electrical and mechanical protocols, and the physical and data link layers for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LAN/MAN). The specification augments network principles, conforming to the ISO seven-layer model for OSI, commonly referred to as "Ethernet". In the hierarchy of the seven-layer model, the lowest layers, the so-called physical and data link layers, comprise functional modules that specify the physical transmission media and the way network nodes interface to it, the mechanics of transmitting information over the media in an error-free manner, and the format the information must take in order to be transmitted.
While there are several LAN technologies in use today, Ethernet is by far the most popular. The Ethernet standards include protocols for a 10 Mbps baseband transmissions typically referred to as 10Base-X. Computers equipped with a 10Base-X Ethernet interface attachments may link to other computers over an Ethernet LAN. These Ethernet LAN's provide fast and reliable data transmission networks. Nevertheless, the need for faster data transmission has led to the development of faster standards. One such standard includes the Fast Ethernet standards typically referred to as 100Base-X. The 100Base-X standards generally follow the 10Base-X standards except that the baseband data transmission rate increases from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps. The 100Base-X standard, however, retains the original CSMA/CD medium access control mechanism.
The 100Base-X standards include the 100Base-T standard for interconnecting devices over an ordinary twisted pair telephone cable. The 100Base-T standard is popular for providing an inexpensive LAN in many modern offices.
In March 1995 an IEEE 802.3 task force was formed for developing transceiver specification on an IEEE 802.3 100Base-T2 media type. On Mar. 5, 1996 a preliminary IEEE draft was published identifying changes to IEEE standard 802.3 100Base-T designated IEEE standard P802.3y, herein incorporated by reference. The standard specifies the family of physical layer implementations including one for 100Base-T2 which uses two pairs of ISO/IEC 11801 category 3, 4, or 5 balance cable.
10Base-T and 100Base-Tx are already widely established within the networking industry, while 100Base-T2 is an emerging standard. Other technology standards are also available or emerging such as 100 Base T4 or 1 Gigabit standards. Physical Layer devices may contain multiple technology transceivers to support 10 Base T, 100 Base X, 100 Base T4, or 1 Gigabit technologies, including auto-negotiation functions.
The IEEE Standard 802.3 100Base-T Fast Ethernet and draft changes to IEEE 802.3 100Base-T include mechanisms for auto-negotiation of the media speed. As the 100 Mbps standard becomes more widely adopted, computers are being equipped with Ethernet interfaces that operate at both 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps. The auto-negotiation function is an optional part of the Ethernet standard that allows the devices to exchange information about their abilities. This, in turn, allows the devices to perform automatic configuration to select a common communication mode over the link. Generally, auto-negotiation provides automatic speed matching for multi-speed devices on a LAN. Multi-speed Ethernet interfaces can then take advantage of the highest speed offered on the LAN.
After establishing an Ethernet connection, network devices typically transmit encoded baseband serial data. The devices package the data into frames sometimes referred to as a packet. Each Ethernet packet typically includes a preamble (62 bits long), a start of frame delimiter (2 bits long), a destination address (6 bytes long), a source address (6 bytes long), a type field address (2 bytes long), a data field (46 to 1.5K bytes long), and a frame check sequence (4 bytes long). These packets are physically sent over a network which interconnects devices.
The basic mechanism to achieve auto-negotiation is to pass information encapsulated within a burst of closely spaced linked tertiary test pulses that individually meet the 10Base-T transmitter waveform for linked test pulse. This burst of pulses is referred to as a fast link pulse (FLP) burst. The FLP burst consists of a series of link and tertiary test pulses that form an alternating clock/data sequence. Extraction of the data bits from the FLP burst yields a Link Code Word that identifies the operational mode supported by the remote device, as well as some information used for the auto-negotiation function's handshake mechanism. Multiple technologies may be advertised via the Link Code Word, and each device must support the data service ability for a technology it advertises.
The auto-negotiation arbitration function is responsible for determining the common mode of operation shared by link partners and for resolving multiple common modes. Since two devices may have multiple abilities in common, IEEE 802.3u and P802.3y specify a prioritization scheme to insure that the highest common denominator ability is chosen.
To enable the autonegotiation functions, a Physical layer device will contain an autonegotiation state machine. The autonegotiation state machine will first check to see if autonegotiation is enabled after reset. If autonegotiation is not enabled, the state machine remains in this state. If autonegotiation is enabled, the state machine disables transmission, waits for a period of time guaranteed to break the link with the connected partner, and then begins the autonegotiation process as described above. As mentioned, once the link is broken, the local device transmits Fast Link Pulses which announce its available technologies to the connected device. The local device also waits for either fast link pulses or signals characteristic of a specific technology to be transmitted by the connected device.
This second method is known as parallel detection. However, parallel detection causes a problem in Physical Layer Devices implementing multiple technologies and/or multiple ports. Receivers for each technology must be enabled on each port causing power consumption that requires more expensive IC packages and heat dissipation techniques.
Thus, it can be seen that there is a need to decrease the power required by the receivers during parallel detection.
It can also be seen that there is a need for the receivers to be enabled for a brief period of time to check for the presence of the required signals, and then be disabled for a much greater period of time before being enabled again.
It can also be seen that there is a need for Physical Layer Devices containing multiple ports that can stagger the enabling of the receivers so that only one port's receiver is active at any given time.

Power savings in multiple technology physical layer devices supporting autonegotiation


The present invention provides inhibition of angiogenesis in a warm-blooded animal by the administration of preparations isolated from the echinoderm sea cucumber (Class Holothuroidea). This preparation is useful as a therapeutic agent against malignant tumors and as a preventive or therapeutic drug against various diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, caused by vascular hyperplasia.

Progress or metastasis of malignant tumors and such diseases as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, senile macular degeneration, neovascular glaucoma, retrolental fibroplasia, neovascular glaucoma, psoriasis, angiofibromas, immune and non-immune inflammation, capillary proliferation within atherosclerotic plaques, hemangiomas, Kaposi's Sarcoma, endometriosis, and hypergeneration of scars after wound healing are now known to be caused by hyperplasia of the blood vessel (particularly the peripheral capillary vessel). As preventive or therapeutic medicines against these diseases and conditions, various neovascularization inhibitors containing angiogenesis-inhibiting substances as active effective ingredients have been developed. The angiogenesis-inhibiting substances reported to date include, for example, medroxyprogesterone (Ashiya, et al: Int. J. Cancer, 1989, 44, 895), sulfated protamine (Ogawa et al: Exp. Pathol., 1986, 30, 143), combination of heparin and cortisone (J. Folkman, et al: Science, 1983, 221, 719), prednisolone acetate (J. B. Robin: Arch. Opthalmol., 19855, 103, 284), herbimycin A (Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 295, 509/88), peptide from retinal pigment epithelial cell (U.S. Pat. No. 4,996,159), sulfated polysaccharide (U.S. Pat. No. 4,900,815), and phenol derivatives (EP-A-295,037). These angiogenesis-inhibiting substances are not, however, completely satisfactory as preventive or therapeutic medicaments against the above-mentioned diseases and conditions because of the insufficient inhibitory effect of angiogenesis in some cases.
There has been much scientific interest in the search for new inhibitors of angiogenesis because of the hope that this inhibition of new blood vessels would limit the growth of neoplastic tumors which depend on new vascular growth. As a normal cell develops into a solid tumor it undergoes a series of changes. At the physiological level, growth is enhanced, immunity evaded, and neovascularization induced. Neovascularization or angiogenesis appears to be a prerequisite. Experimental solid tumors are unable to grow beyond a few millimeters in thickness without a blood supply. Most natural solid tumors elaborate angiogenic factors that attract the new vessels on which they depend. It has become increasingly evident that once a solid tumor has been established in the body, every increase in tumor cell population must be preceded by an increase in new capillaries that converge upon the tumor. Consequently, there has been a continuing research effort directed toward the question of what prevents rampant capillary proliferation and what maintains the quiescent state of the capillary endothelial cells of normal tissues. There has also been an active search for a therapeutic agent or agents which can cause capillary regression. Identification of such an agent has proven to be a very difficult problem. About the only demonstrable difference between tumor angiogenesis and other types of non-neoplastic angiogenesis is a greater intensity and persistence of the angiogenesis induced by tumors.
There is a generally recognized lack of a therapeutic agent which can effectively inhibit tumor neovascularization and limit or even completely stop the growth of tumors.

Inhibition of angiogenesis by sea cucumber fractions


A portable vacuum implement for use with a skid steer vehicle has a frame, a skid steer mounting saddle coupled to the frame and a motor mounted to the frame. A vacuum pump mounted on the frame is coupled to the motor so that the motor drives the vacuum pump. A collection tank mounted on the frame is coupled to the vacuum pump so that the vacuum pump pulls a vacuum through the collection tank. A vacuum head is connected to the collection tank by a first hose for vacuuming debris at an excavation site.

In known truck or trailer vacuum systems, components of the vacuum system are hard mounted to the truck or trailer. Thus, the purchase of such a system includes the truck or trailer. Additionally, truck or trailer mounted systems are relatively large and cumbersome, making them inaccessible to many work sites. To use such a system at a work site where there is little room, many obstructions and/or difficult terrain, the truck or trailer is typically left on an access street, and extension hoses are used to bring the vacuum head to an excavation area at the work site. The use of extension hoses, however, can reduce the vacuum system's efficiency and effectiveness.
Skid steer loaders, including front end loaders, are commonly used vehicles for many industrial, agricultural and landscaping operations. Skid steer and front end loaders generally come in two classes: a standard size skid steer and a mini-skid steer. In a standard size skid steer, the user rides in a caged seat surrounded by control levers, knobs and pedals. In a mini-skid steer, the user generally rides on the back of the machine in a standing position. Mini-skid steers also generally have less horsepower and hydraulic fluid flow, thereby allowing them to operate smaller work implements. One problem associated with differing skid steer sizes is that a work implement manufactured for a mini-skid steer does not fit on a standard size skid steer mounting plate and vice versa. Moreover, often times work implements available for one size skid steer is not available for the other size skid steer.

Vacuum implement for use with a skid steer


A portable security grill apparatus which may be installed in window openings of buildings includes two rectangular grill sections longitudinally telescopically fastened to one another. Opposite longitudinal ends of the two grill sections have beams disposed perpendicularly to the axis of longitudinal telescoping movability of the two grill sections, the beams having flat outer surfaces adapted to abut a window edge at one end of the grill apparatus, and a window frame edge, at the other end of the apparatus. At least one toggle clamp Connected between telescopically joined members of the two grill sections is capable of exerting a large outward extension force when in a closed, clamped position, thereby exerting compressive forces on the window and window frame sufficient to prevent the grill apparatus from being removed from the window opening.

A. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to apparatus for preventing unauthorized entry into buildings via window openings. More particularly, the invention relates to a portable apparatus which may be installed in a window opening to permit air and light to enter a building, while preventing persons from entering the building through the window opening.
B. Discussion of Background Art
It is an unfortunate fact that the crime rate in our country is on the increase. Thus, many individuals who because of their geographic location, away from high crime rate areas, or for other reasons, felt themselves immune from the crime problem, must now confront one manifestation of that problem; namely the ever-increasing rate of business and residential burglaries.
Most rational individuals would not wish the material fruits of their labors to be stolen from them by burglars. More importantly, most people are genuinely concerned that those criminals who would break into their dwelling places or residences to steal their possessions often are the type of individuals who would just as soon kill or injure the owner or his loved ones, should they be present during the course of a burglary.
As a result of their concern for the protection of their property, and the lives of themselves and their loved ones, a substantial percentage of the population have begun to take measures to protect themselves from burglars. For example, many homeowners and business owners have installed more secure door locks, and burglar alarms in their homes and shops. Another form of protection which has found increasing favor are security bar devices which, when installed over window openings or doorways, provide a very effective barrier to unauthorized entry through the protected opening. Such security bar devices generally take the form of a grill comprising a parallel array, or lattice array of heavy metal bars which are spaced closely enough to prevent passage through the array by a person.
Security bar devices of the type described above generally provide an effective means of preventing undesired entry to buildings through the protected areas. However, most such security bar devices suffer from one or more disadvantages which limit their wider usage. For example, many older security bar devices are not equipped with a safety mechanism which permits escape of the building occupants in the case of fire or other accidents within the building, or the entrance of firemen or other emergency personnel. Unfortunately, the absence of such a safety release provision in some security bar devices has resulted in the tragic loss of life.
Although there are now available security bar devices that are provided with safety release mechanisms, these as well as the older type security bar devices have an inherent feature which limits their more widespread usage. Specifically, most available security bar devices are relatively heavy and costly, and are intended for relatively permanent, and correspondingly costly, installation. Accordingly, such security bar devices are generally unsuitable for people who rent, or have limited incomes. Some devices have been disclosed which would seem to address the problem of providing a security bar device which might be usable in non-permanent installation applications. Typical of such disclosures are those contained in the following U.S. patents:
Iyersen, U.S. Pat. No. 4,757,465, Mar. 18, 1986, Security Grill Apparatus for Doors and Windows. PA0 Zilkha, U.S. Pat. No. 4,624,072, Nov. 25, 1986, Adjustable Security Window Gates. PA0 Merklingen, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,671,012, Jun. 9, 1987, Security Barrier. PA0 Jokel, U.S. Pat. No. 4,680,890, Jul. 21, 1987, Window Intrusion Barrier.
The present invention was conceived of to provide a security grill apparatus which is highly portable and useable in window openings of various dimensions.


A content capability clearing house that can act as a trusted and neutral mediator among network providers to manage rich content capabilities among multiple networks is provided. Content capabilities that can be brokered include, but are not limited to, quality of service and content screening. In an embodiment, a content capability clearing house includes a receiver that receives content capability request messages and other messages from network providers. A content capability request message includes a quality of service request and/or a subscriber profile request for use with content screening and subscriber specific advertisements. The present invention includes a series of methods for determining content capabilities for data transmission over a transaction between a content provider and a subscriber in which a content capability clearing house is used to efficiently broker and manage the capability among multiple network providers.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to content distributed over a communications network, and more particularly, to a content capability clearing house.
Background of Invention
The distribution and use of high quality, high definition, bandwidth intensive content over a communications network continues to grow in importance. For example, the distribution of video and flash-based content, including conferencing, over the Internet has seen explosive recent growth. The distribution of rich content occurs over wireless and wireline networks via the Internet and other types of data networks.
Existing content distribution architectures typically do not ensure QoS and are based on peer-to-peer networking. Furthermore, while some content distribution architectures refer to content brokers, these content brokers are providing a central content repository within a single network provider or with a peer network provider. They are not serving as content brokers that function as a clearinghouse between multiple service providers. More precisely, they do not serve as a facilitator to establish a network connection between an end user using one network provider and another network provider or content provider, such that the user can access content services at a particular QoS level.
For example, U.S. Published Patent Application No.: 2004/0148344, entitled Content Distribution Architecture, filed by Navar et al., ("Navar Patent Application") discloses a cached media distribution system that employs the Internet. In the system disclosed within the Navar Patent Application, content is harvested and stored from multiple disparate sources. Navar Patent Application Abstract. Specifically, content is stored on distributed content servers and a content broker tracks where the content is stored. Id. at ¶48 In this case, when a request for a certain type of content is received, the content broker directs the requester to a content server, which has pre-arranged content—rather than to a network provider—with the appropriate QoS available at the appropriate cost. Id. at ¶54. Harvesting and storing pre-arranged content in the context of the overall Internet is simply not feasible, and would limit end users ability to access the wide diversity of content available over the Internet.
Furthermore, content providers want to ensure premium end user experiences when end users are using or viewing their content. Traditional content providers include entertainment and gaming providers. Additionally, enterprise content providers are increasingly using the Internet to provide business promotion content (e.g., video ads promoting the release of a new automobile), training, communications and conferencing services.
The vast majority of the time, when a user requests content, a number of network providers are involved in transmitting that content from the content provider to the end user. For example, when an end user accesses the PLAYHOUSE DISNEY website for interactive videos and games, the content may traverse network facilities operated by several network providers, such as Verizon, AT&T, and the like.
A best-effort Internet approach often does not provide an adequate quality of service ("QoS") level for the distribution of rich content. Furthermore, content providers increasingly desire to prevent access to certain content. For example, a content provider supporting a pornographic website might want to more effectively screen youths from accessing pornographic videos for downloading than current approaches based on credit cards and the like. Furthermore, multi-protocol switching ("MPLS") and other virtual private networks ("VPNs") may be able to provide adequate solutions with respect to quality of service in situations where a single network provider supports the content transmission. However, MPLS and other VPN solutions are likely to be too complex and expensive to control content capability (e.g., quality of service or content screening) when multiple network providers are involved.
The existing solutions for providing end-to-end quality of service, and other content capabilities, where multiple network providers are involved in the content flow, require methods negotiated and implemented pair-wise between the network providers. Pair-wise methods become costly and complex with increasing number of network providers involved in global coverage of communications services.
For example, U.S. Published Patent Application No.: 2004/0-139088, entitled Method for Achieving End-to-End Quality of Service Negotiations for Distributed Multi-Media Applications, filed by Mandato et al. ("Mandato Application"), discloses a framework for achieving dynamic end-to-end QoS negotiation and control coordination for distributed multimedia applications. The Mandato Application notes that "the establishment of a QoS-enabled communication session can be accomplished in a multi-step process, starting with negotiation of QoS aspects on an end-to-end basis." Mandato Application at ¶92. The approach described in the Mandato Application requires each provider to negotiate with every other provider. As discussed above, such a pair-wise approach can quickly become cumbersome and inefficient.
What are needed are cost effective systems and methods for providing end-to-end rich content capabilities, such as quality of service and content screening, when multiple network providers are involved in the data path.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Content capability clearing house systems and methods


An on-board virtual reality system is provided for use on-board a vehicle during a trip. The system includes a user input unit, a trip information input unit, a display unit, and a processing unit. The user input unit is configured to receive user input associated with a particular user. The trip information input unit is configured to acquire trip information corresponding to the trip. The display unit is configured to provide a virtual reality display to the user. The processing unit is configured to acquire the user input from the user input unit, acquire the trip information from the trip information input unit, generate a virtual reality display using the user input and the trip information, with the virtual reality display tailored for the particular user, and provide the virtual reality display to the particular user.

A vehicle (such as an aircraft) may be used to transport a number of passengers as part of a trip. During the trip, it may be desirable to provide passengers and/or crew members with information and/or services. For example, various entertainment and/or food service options may be provided to passengers. Also, information pertaining to safety features and/or safety procedures may be provided to customers. Further, information pertaining to connecting flights or other aspects of passenger itineraries may be provided. However, current approaches are limited in the amount of information available and the convenience of accessing the information.

Systems and methods for in-flight virtual reality displays for passenger and crew assistance


A Driveline Angle Analyzer (DAA) for determining a torsional acceleration and inertias of a vehicle driveline by entering measurements of a vehicle driveline configuration into a graphical user interface program. The user selects the driveline configuration of interest from a plurality of driveline configurations. Then, the user enters information, such as driveline measurements relating to the selected driveline configuration. To aide in gathering the correct information, the user can print out a worksheet for the selected driveline configuration. After the user inputs the information for the selected driveline configuration, the user can select a corrective mode that allows the user to improve the selected driveline configuration. For example, the user can change the angle of a component with the surrounding components by changing their angles and/or length while enabling the components to stay connected to each other, thus maintaining the vehicle's driveline geometry.

By way of background, a driveline angle (also known as the working angle) refers to the difference of the component angles on the drive side and driven side of a U-joint. All angle measurements are taken with zero degrees being parallel to the ground. As shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b, each component on either side of the U-joint will rotate at the same rotational speed when the difference of the component angles on the drive side and driven side of the U-joint is zero. As shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b, if the difference of the component angles is not zero, then the U-joint will cause the component on the driven side of the U-joint to rotate at a changing rate when the U-joint is rotated.
As shown in FIG. 3, the speed of the component on the driven side of the U-joint will increase and decrease twice each 360 degree rotation. The constantly changing acceleration is commonly known as torsional acceleration and is measured in radians per second squared (rad/sec*2), where 1 radian is equal to 57 degrees. Torsional accelerations caused by the effect of U-joints are referred to as 2nd order torsionals (twice per rotation of the driveshaft). The effect of U-joint torsional acceleration can be cancelled for each driveshaft by ensuring that the working angles of the U-joints at each end of the driveshaft both have the same working angle.
In addition to torsional acceleration, an inertial component is generated and is commonly known as driveline inertia, which is measured in foot pounds (ft-lbs). Typically, there are two overall system inertia values, drive and coast. Drive inertia occurs when power is being supplied by the engine through the transmission to the drive train. Coast inertia occurs when the vehicle is coasting and power is being supplied by the inertia of the vehicle and passing back through the axles to the rest of the drive train. Unlike U-joint torsional acceleration, the effect of driveline inertia cannot be cancelled by ensuring that the working angles of the U-joints at each end of the driveshaft both have the same working angle. However, the driveline inertia can be reduced by reducing component working angles and/or by using lower inertia driveline components.
An improperly set driveline angle can cause high driveline inertia and torsional acceleration. In general, the greater the working angles, the greater the potential for high driveline inertia and torsional acceleration. An improperly set driveline angle can result in increased vibration, noise, and a reduction of the life of the driveline. For example, the vehicle can exhibit growling during acceleration or deceleration. Typically, the growl is caused from the gearing going through backlash at low torque or float conditions and is more prevalent during deceleration or lightly loaded torque conditions.
In addition, an improperly set driveline angle can cause decreased durability or potential failure of driveline components. For example, the transmission may fail due to synchronizer pin breakage, synchronizer ring breakage, auxiliary drive gear and mainshaft spline wear, and auxiliary drive gear and range sliding clutch teeth fretting. The axle may fail in the vicinity of the power divider. Also, increased wear may occur to the carrier bearings, the slip spline and fretting may occur to the U-joint. Thus, it is desirable to provide an user-friendly tool for diagnosing and correcting problems associated with improperly set driveline angles.


It is realized to efficiently energize a lifting magnet device, and reduce the devices used in an energization system of the lifting magnet device in size, energy consumption, and noise as well. Other than a lifting magnet device 8, the handling machine includes an engine 1 and an electric generator 5, which form a power source; a storage battery 20 for storing electric energy from the power source; and a generator motor (or a drive source for a driven body) 18 for driving an upper rotary body in which regenerative electric energy can be produced. The power source and the storage battery 20 are connected to be capable of supplying electric energy to the lifting magnet device 8. The generator motor 18 for driving the upper rotary body is connected to be capable of supplying its own regenerative electric energy to the storage battery 20. The generator motor 18 is also connected to be capable of supplying regenerative electric energy directly to the lifting magnet device 8 without the intervention of the storage battery 20.

Conventionally, so-called handling machines using lifting magnets (e.g., materials handling apparatus) have been widely used. The handling machine uses a powerful electromagnet so as to retainably attract magnetic members such as ferrous materials and then release the retainably attracting force at a location to which the members are transferred. For example, a typical conventional handling machine using a lifting magnet is one shown in FIG. 4. With reference to FIG. 4, the handling machine (its main body is not shown in FIG. 4) includes an engine 1. The engine 1 is provided in common, on a drive shaft thereof, with a main pump (hydraulic pump) 2 for supplying a pressurized working fluid to required hydraulic actuators, including each cylinder and each hydraulic motor on the machine main body side, and with a generator hydraulic pump 3. The discharge outlet of the generator hydraulic pump 3 is in communication with the pressurized fluid inlet of a generator hydraulic motor 4, and an electric generator 5 is directly coupled to the generator hydraulic motor 4.
The output terminal of the electric generator 5 is connected with a converter 6 for converting AC output of the electric generator 5 into DC output. The converter 6 is connected with a DC-DC converter 7 in a stage downstream of the converter 6. The DC-DC converter 7 converts the DC output, which has been obtained through the conversion by the converter 6, into a DC voltage output at a level required for energization of the lifting magnet device. The DC-DC converter 7 has a DC voltage step-up and step-down function as well as a switching function by which DC power remains unchanged (variation of DC power being zero) before and after step-up or step-down of a DC voltage. The output terminal of the DC-DC converter 7 is connected with a coil 8a of the lifting magnet device 8.
The DC-DC converter 7 is controlled by a controller 9 to perform conversions. Each of the components subsequent to the converter 6 is operated by turning ON or OFF a control switch (not shown) connected to the controller 9. Furthermore, a DC line 10 from the DC-DC converter 7 is connected with a large-capacitance capacitor 11 for accommodating energy to be stored in the coil 8a.
On the other hand, the discharge outlet of the main pump 2 is in communication with the fluid supply port of a control valve 12 which has a direction switching function. The control valve 12 has a plurality of switching positions. Thus, an output port at one switching position is connected with a cylinder 13 used for a boom, an arm, a fork, or the like, while an output port at the other switching position is connected with a hydraulic motor 14 which is used for pivotal motion, rightward traveling, leftward traveling, or the like.
Then, the electric generator 5 is rotated by the engine 1 via the generator hydraulic pump 3 and the generator hydraulic motor 4 to generate alternate current. When the control switch connected to the controller 9 is turned ON, the converter 6 converts the AC output of the electric generator 5 into a DC output. Then, the DC output is in turn converted by the DC-DC converter 7 into a DC voltage at a required level to be supplied to (the coil 8a of) the lifting magnet device 8. Therefore, retainable attraction of objects is initiated.
As shown in FIG. 5, at the initiation of the retainable attraction, a voltage greater than a rated voltage is applied to the coil 8a of the lifting magnet device 8 for intense energization thereof. After a predetermined period of time has elapsed from the intense energization, steady-state energization is effected through application of a rated voltage. At the time of a release after the period of time of the steady-state energization, a termination of voltage application to the coil 8a causes the energy stored in the coil 8a to be accommodated by a condenser 11. After the termination of the application of the rated voltage to the coil 8a, a predetermined reverse voltage is applied thereto for demagnetization. After a predetermined period of time has elapsed from the initiation of the demagnetization, the application of the reverse voltage is terminated, thereby ending the lifting operation.
As a specific conventional technique related to the handling machine using a lifting magnet, a lifting magnet device is known which is disclosed, e.g., in the publication of Japanese Patent No. 3395145. This conventional technique includes a controller and a lifting magnet main body, and the controller is connected with an electrical power source for the handling machine. The electrical power source is an alternator serving as a standard electrical power source which is typically provided in a handling machine, and the alternator employed has a rated voltage of 24V DC and a rated capacity of 50 A. On the other hand, the rated voltage employed for the lifting magnet main body is the same as the rated voltage of the alternator. Thus, the controller is configured to supply a predetermined control voltage to the lifting magnet main body using the output from the electrical power source as input power. Such a configuration allows the conventional technique to dispense with a dedicated power source.
In the aforementioned conventional technique according to Japanese Patent No. 3395145, a so-called alternator at 24V DC for electrical components, which is normally provided in a handling machine, is used as an electrical power source to drive the lifting magnet main body. That is, this configuration can be said to regard the lifting magnet main body as one of the electrical components. However, the lifting magnet main body driven by 24V DC provides a weak retainably attracting force in practice, and in particular, cannot provide sufficient power for the intensely energized portion of FIG. 5.
Accordingly, retainably attracting force for practical use was obtained as follows. That is, as already discussed in the example of FIG. 4, the generator hydraulic pump installed on the drive shaft of the engine was typically used to drive the generator hydraulic motor, thereby driving the electric generator to obtain predetermined electric power.
However, this configuration caused problems such as low energy efficiency and tremendous increase in the size of the apparatus. In particular, by nature, the lifting magnet device needs to be ready all the time to be supplied with high electric power output so as to be intensely energized when starting a retainable attraction. To this end, it was necessary to prepare a corresponding large engine or for a slightly smaller engine to be rotated at high speeds all the time. Therefore, this readily causes problems such as increase in costs and size of the apparatus, decrease in energy efficiency, and increase in noise. Furthermore, with this configuration, it was also necessary to prepare a large-capacitance condenser for accommodating energy stored in the coil of the lifting magnet device. This also causes increase in the size of the energization-related components of the lifting magnet device.

Sumitomo (SHI) Construction Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd.


A method and apparatus for producing glass fibers wherein molten glass is deposited onto a spinning cup structure. Centrifugal force urges the molten glass outwardly and upwardly along the inner surface of an upstanding wall of the cup structure. The glass is then extruded through small holes in the cup wall. A downflowing stream of hot gas passes downwardly along the outer surface of the cup wall to turn the fibers downwardly while producing an attenuation (reduction) of fiber diameter. The lower portion of the cup side wall is heated to achieve greater temperature uniformity of the fibers as they are formed. A cool gas curtain is formed about the downflowing hot gas stream to somewhat concentrate the hot gas stream for more uniform heating of the downflowing glass fibers.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for forming glass fibers by feeding molten glass onto the bottom wall of a spinning cup, whereby the glass is urged by centrifugal force outwardly along the cup bottom wall and upwardly on the cup side wall for extrusion through holes in the side wall. The general method is sometimes referred to as rotary fiberizing.
2. Prior Art Developments
Our issued U.S. Pat. No. 4,767,431 relates to a method of forming glass fibers wherein solid glass pellets are deposited onto a rotating spinner disc heated to maintain the pellets in a semi-solid state. The softened pellets are thrown outwardly by centrifugal force against a side wall on the disc periphery. The soft semi-liquid glass is extruded outwardly through small holes in the disc side wall into a downflowing stream of hot gas surrounding the spinning disc structure. The extruded glass fibers are thereby turned or deflected for downflowing movement with the hot gas stream. The hot gas pulls or stretches the individual fibers so that the fiber diameters are reduced or attenuated to a desired size range.
In another version of the process, the glass material is deposited onto the spinning disc structure as a molten stream of glass, which remains in a molten state as it passes through the holes in the side wall of the disc structure. A problem with this method is the potential plugging of the holes (orifices) in the disc side wall. Unless the glass temperature is well above the devitrification point, the glass may crystallize, thereby plugging the extrusion holes (orifices).

Method and apparatus for production of glass fibers utilizing spinning cup structure


A shelter includes a number of vertical support legs, and a mounting member coupled to vertical support legs. A collapsible truss section interconnects the vertical support legs to support a canopy. At least one buckle mechanism comprising a first releasably engageable body and a second releasably engageable body. The first releasably engageable body is attached to the collapsible truss section and is configured to receive the second releasably engageable body attached to the canopy thereby coupling the canopy to the collapsible truss section. Additional examples include a cable that spans between an adjacent pair of vertical support legs around a periphery of the shelter. The cable is seated within the channel of the mounting member. At least one curtain coupled to the cable by a releasably engageable fastener. The fastener is slidable along the cable to facilitate movement of the curtain.

Portable collapsible shelters, e.g., folding canopies, are in widespread use. These shelters are common at beaches, sporting events, farmers markets, weddings, graduations and other outdoor and indoor events. Collapsible shelters may provide portable, easily erectable, and durable shelters for varied purposes.
Portable collapsible shelters can include accordion-type collapsible truss assemblies between supporting legs of the shelter. Accordion-type collapsible truss assemblies can include a number of truss members interconnected at pivotal x-joints near truss member midpoints and at pivotal v-joints near truss member endpoints. The truss members may be connected at one endpoint to a portion of a shelter leg, e.g., at a slidable or fixed mounting bracket, and at another endpoint to another truss member at a pivotal v-joint. Thus, the accordion-type collapsible truss assembly can be expanded and collapsed to allow for ease of transport, setup, and takedown.
Truss assemblies for portable collapsible shelters were previously composed of thick walled steel tubing, or solid piping. To increase portability of collapsible shelters, some manufacturers have used lighter weight and lower strength materials, e.g., aluminum for example, in truss assemblies of collapsible shelters. To limit weight and cost, some manufacturers have also used thin walled truss members in portable collapsible assemblies. Manufacturers continue to incorporate canopies of varying designs and varied attachments in to their portable collapsible shelters.


The invention relates to an operating unit (1) for a production plant (2). The operating unit (1) comprises an authorization receiving module (71) so as to receive authorization identifications (61, 62, 63, 64) which are sent out by operating modules (51, 52, 53, 54) of the operating unit (1), an authorization storage module (72) so as to store in an authorization data storage (8) authorization data including allocations of user identifications (31, 32, 33, 34, 41, 42) to the received authorization identifications (61, 62, 63, 64), and an authorization checking module (73) so as to receive at least one authorization identification (61, 62, 63, 64) from the operating modules (51, 52, 53, 54) and to determine at least one user identification (31, 32, 33, 34, 41, 42), and to unlock an operating module (51, 52, 53, 54) if in the authorization data storage (8) an allocation of the at least one user identification (31, 32, 33, 34, 41, 42) to the at least one authorization identification (61, 62, 63, 64) is stored.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an operating unit for a production plant and to a method for operating an operating unit for a production plant.
2. Description of the Related Art
Known from the prior art are production plants such as, for example, product processing plants or printing product processing plants. These are highly complex and spacious plants which, depending on the application, are often arranged in a plurality of buildings and rooms. Operating production plants is carried out by at least one user and at least one operating unit. Users have different tasks. Operating units can be provided for a plant supervisor or "administrator", which operating units allow a comprehensive operation of the production plant. Operating units for "service persons" can be provided which merely enable starting and stopping of certain plant sections so as to be able to carry out service work. Operating units for "machine operators" can be provided which, for example, enable adjusting of production speeds.
Maintaining operating units for different tasks requires significant configuration expenditures. If new operating functions are made available, for example by adding new operating modules to the operating unit, significant configuration expenditures are necessary again to appropriately adjust all operating units.

Access control to operating modules of an operating unit


The present invention relates to methods and compositions for reducing the risk of cancer relapse in a subject who has received cancer treatment. It is based, at least in part, on the discovery that a restricted fraction of the gut microbiota, including the bacteria Streptococcus anginosus, Parvimonas micra, Acidaminococcus intestini, Eubacterium limosum, Clostridium glycyrrhizinilyticum, Desulfosporosinus lacus, Eubacterium biforme, Anaerofustis stercorihominis, Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, Peptococcus niger, Armatimonas rosea, Saccharofermentans acetigenes, Finegoldia magna, Levyella massiliensis, Gallicola barnesae, Murdochiella asaccharolytica, and Eubacterium brachy are associated with a reduced risk of cancer relapse.

The gastrointestinal tract of mammals is densely colonized by hundreds of microbial species that coexist symbiotically with their hosts. The microbes, collectively referred to as the microbiota, contribute to numerous aspects of host health, including nutrient metabolism, homeostasis of intestinal tissues, development of innate and adaptive immune responses, and more generally, defense against intestinal infection. Bacteria antagonize intestinal pathogens directly, through contact-dependent and soluble factor-mediated inhibition, as well as indirectly by modulating and inducing host immune responses, but the contributions of individual bacteria to colonization resistance against specific pathogens are not well understood.
It has been reported that changes in the intestinal flora can affect graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and are associated with bacteremia and overall survival after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The major causes of mortality after allo-HSCT are relapse, GVHD, and infection. Identifying components of the intestinal flora that are associated with relapse after allo-HSCT would allow for therapeutic intervention in specific patient populations at risk for a relapse.

Methods and compositions for detecting risk of cancer relapse


A cover for a motor-vehicle storage space has a winder fixed at an inner end of the space and a cover sheet secured in the winder, having an outer edge, and displaceable between a position wound up at the winder and a position extending from the winder above the space with its free edge at an opposite outer end of the space. A pair of like spaced apart guides flank the space and each extend from the inner end to the outer end. Respective entrainment elements are displaceable along the guides between the inner and outer ends and are each connected to the outer edge. Respective drive motors are connected to the entrainment elements for displacing the entrainment elements outward from the inner end to the outer end and inward from the outer end to the inner end. At least one of the motors is of variable speed. Respective speed sensors associated with the drives produce outputs corresponding to the displacement speeds of the respective entrainment elements and a controller connected to the sensors and to the one variable-speed motor compares the outputs of the sensors and varies an output speed of the one variable-speed motor so the entrainment elements move synchronously.

It is normally considered desirable for the sake of appearance or security to provide a cover that can move into position above the cargo space of a motor vehicle, for instance over the wayback of a station wagon or utility vehicle, to conceal and confine any objects therein. Such a cover comprises at the least a winder that is positioned at an inner end of the space, normally against the seat backs defining the front wall of the space, and a cover sheet that can be wholly wound up in the winder or extended therefrom so its outer edge is at the outer end of the space, normally just short of a rear hatch or door.
In a typical powered system described in German patent document 4,016,707 the cover assembly is basically U-shaped with a pair of guide arms that flank the space and that each carry a respective entrainment element movable in and out along a respective side of the space. The outer edge of the cover sheet has a rod with ends fixed to the entrainment elements and the guides are provided with flexible drive elements that extend back to a common motor mounted in the base of the unit that joins the inner ends of the two guides.
Such an arrangement has several disadvantages. First of all if the rear seats are folded down or removed to increase the cargo area, the elements joining the inner ends of the guides extend across this space and greatly reduces its usability. In addition the unit cannot readily be adapted for use in different vehicles as the width and length of the cargo space can vary considerably and it is impossible to make the system variable in width and length to the same extent.
A sun roof is known from European 0,368,405 where the glass panel is moved by a pair of flanking motors interconnected by a flexible shaft. Such a system bears little resemblance to a cargo-space cover and the flexible shaft interconnecting the two separate drive motors constitutes just the same type of structure that makes the above-described cargo-space cover so disadvantageous.
Similarly German utility model 9,102,196 describes a system for operating curtains, security grates, and the like which uses a spring-loaded winder and wherein the outer edge of the sheet or grid being wound in and out has a rod whose ends are each displaced by a respective cable operated by a respective motor. The tensions in the cables are monitored and the motors are operated to keep the two tensions substantially equal so as to synchronize movement of the ends of the rod. Such a system is capable of jamming and is also hardly applicable to a cover sheet for a cargo space.


A display device is provided. The display device includes a light engine having light emitting components mounted to a flexible circuit board having a flexible graphite substrate. The flexible circuit board includes a dielectric layer formed on the surface of the flexible graphite substrate and an electrically conductive layer formed on the surface of the dielectric. The high in-plane thermal conductivity graphite substrate provides enhanced heat transfer capability to effectively move of heat away from the light emitting components for improved cooling of the heat generated by the light emitting component and surrounding devices.

With the development of more and more sophisticated electronic components, relatively extreme temperatures can be generated. This is clearly true with respect to electronic components capable of increasing processing speeds and higher frequencies, having smaller sire and higher power density requirements, those generating new lighting advancements or exhibiting other technological advances. These components include microprocessors and integrated circuits in electronic and electrical devices and systems as well as in other devices such as high power optical devices. However, microprocessors, integrated circuits and other sophisticated electronic components typically operate efficiently only under a certain range of threshold temperatures. The excessive heat generated during operation of these components can not only harm their own performance, but can also degrade the performance and reliability of the overall system and can even cause system failure. The increasingly wide range of environmental conditions, including temperature extremes, in which electronic systems are expected to operate, exacerbates these negative effects.
With the increased need for heat dissipation from electronic devices caused by these conditions, thermal management becomes an increasingly important element of the design of electronic products. As noted, both performance reliability and life expectancy of electronic equipment are inversely related to the component temperature of the equipment. For instance, a reduction in the operating temperature of a device such as a typical silicon semiconductor can correspond to an exponential increase in the reliability and life expectancy of the device. Therefore, to maximize the life-span and reliability of a component, controlling the device operating temperature within the limits set by the designers is of paramount importance.
Electronic components are typically mounted to a circuit board, also known as a printed circuit board (PCB). The PCB has electrically conductive elements arranged to form an electrical circuit. With traditional PCBs, such as FR4 PCBs, and metal core printed circuit boards ("MCPCB"), the electrically conductive elements are arranged on a substrate. An example of a conventional substrate include fiber reinforced boards, commonly used as FR4 PCBs. Another example of a conventional substrate is a metal base layer, such as for example aluminum, copper, or other known metal which are typically used in MCPCBs and IMSPCBs. Another example of a conventional substrate is ceramics and ceramic compositions.
It is desirable to improve the thermal management of circuit boards to address the needs discussed above.
A liquid crystal display, or LCD, is a display apparatus that utilizes an image display panel formed of two transparent sheets of polarizing material separated by a liquid containing rod-shaped crystals where the polarizing axes of the two sheets are aligned perpendicular to each other. The LCD is constructed to display an image by passing an electric current through the liquid that causes the crystals to align to block light. Each crystal can be controlled individually and acts like a shutter. When the current is applied to specific pixel-like areas, those crystals align to create dark area, or images. The dark areas are combined with light areas to create text and images on the panel. LCD panels do not emit light. Instead, they control how light which is emitted from an external source passes through the LCD and onto the screen to form an image. LEDs are typically used as the light source. The LCDs are back-lit or side-lit by the LEDs depending on the arrangement used.
As manufacturers continually improve the performance of LCD displays, such as by increasing the display's brightness, ever-brighter LEDs are being utilized. As a result, the power consumption of the LEDs has increased substantially. LEDs convert at least 70% of their power to heat. The heat generated in the light source is detrimental to the operation viewing of as liquid crystal display. The light source(s) discharge heat that is transferred to the image display panel, other electrical components in liquid crystal display, and the support structure of the liquid crystal display. Indeed, of the electrical components in the display panel are themselves heat sources, which compounds the problem. However, these other components of the liquid crystal display normally possess poor thermal spreading properties and are not normally designed to dissipate heat away from the light source, especially in directions parallel to the image display panel face.
In addition the illuminating light of a liquid crystal display remains in an energized state and at consistent power level regardless of the image characteristics on the viewing panel. Variances in the image are control by the arrangement and alignment of the crystals the image display panel. As such, the components of the liquid crystal display are in need of relief from the constant heat generated by the illuminating light. The constant heat generation can accelerate thermal deterioration of the liquid crystal material from which the display is formed and shorten the useful lifespan of the liquid crystal display device. Heat may also negatively affect the refresh rate of the screen.
Conventional display devices typically utilize a thick, heavy metal support member (often a thick aluminum sheet, or set of multiple sheets) to which is attached both the display panel unit, the light source (which, in the case of LEDs, may be mounted to printed circuit boards, such as a metal core printed circuit board (MCPCB) with a thermally conductive dielectric material) and associated electronic components. Heat passing from these heat sources contributes to uneven temperature distributions created on the panel unit itself, which adversely affects the image presented on the display panels as well as display panel reliability.
The conventional support member provides both a mechanical function (i.e., for mounting the panel unit and associated electronics), as well as thermal function (i.e., to help sink and spread heat generated by the light source(s) and/or the associated electronics). Accordingly, the support member is typically fabricated from a solid sheet of aluminum, on the order of about 2.0 mm thick. It will be recognized that, since most metals are relatively thermally isotropic, the in-plane thermal conductivity is not substantially different from the through-plane thermal conductivity of the material.
LCD device manufacturers are under extreme pressure to reduce the cost and weight of their existing display solutions, while there has simultaneously been a desire to increase the brightness and luminous efficiency of the panel units. This can mean more power being sent to the light sources, which increases the thermal load on the system and requires additional heat dissipation capabilities within the display units. In addition to increasing brightness and luminous efficiency of the displays, display manufacturers are also under increasing pressure to produce larger panel sizes, which tends to increase the weight of the frame system (especially the support member) proportionately.
Thus, what is desired is a light weight and cost effective system for display devices which provides enhanced heat transfer capabilities for the light source circuits.

Display device with flexible circuit board having graphite substrate


The present invention is directed to a scanning apparatus and method for processing a substrate, wherein the scanning apparatus comprises a base portion and a rotary subsystem. The rotary subsystem comprises a first link comprising a first joint, wherein the first link is rotatably coupled to the base portion by the first joint, and a second link comprising a second joint, wherein the second link is rotatably coupled to the first link by the second joint. The first joint and the second joint are spaced a predetermined distance from one another. The second link further comprising an end effector whereon the substrate resides, and wherein the end effector is operably coupled to the second link. The end effector is further spaced from the second joint by the predetermined distance, wherein a rotation of the first link and second link in a respective first direction and second direction is operable to linearly oscillate the end effector along a linear first scan path, and wherein the rotational velocity of the first link and second link does not cross zero.

In the semiconductor industry, various manufacturing processes are typically carried out on a substrate (e.g., a semiconductor wafer) in order to achieve various results on the substrate. Processes such as ion implantation, for example, can be performed in order to obtain a particular characteristic on or within the substrate, such as limiting a diffusivity of a dielectric layer on the substrate by implanting a specific type of ion. Conventionally, ion implantation processes are performed in either a batch process, wherein multiple substrates are processed simultaneously, or in a serial process, wherein a single substrate is individually processed. Traditional high-energy or high-current batch ion implanters, for example, are operable to achieve a short ion beam line, wherein a large number of wafers may be placed on a wheel or disk, and the wheel is simultaneously spun and radially translated through the ion beam, thus exposing all of the substrates surface area to the beam at various times throughout the process. Processing batches of substrates in such a manner, however, generally makes the ion implanter substantially large in size.
In a typical serial process, on the other hand, an ion beam is either scanned in a single axis across a stationary wafer, or the wafer is translated in one direction past a fan-shaped, or scanned ion beam. The process of scanning or shaping a uniform ion beam, however, generally requires a complex and/or long beam line, which is generally undesirable at low energies. Furthermore, a uniform translation and/or rotation of either the ion beam or the wafer is generally required in order to provide a uniform ion implantation across the wafer. However, such a uniform translation and/or rotation can be difficult to achieve, due, at least in part, to substantial inertial forces associated with moving the conventional devices and scan mechanisms during processing.
Therefore, a need exists for a device for scanning an ion beam across a substrate, wherein the substrate is uniformly translated and/or rotated with respect to the ion beam.


An arrangement which operates an automated transmission for use in the power train of a motor vehicle has an element which can transmit motion to a gear selecting and shifting member of the transmission. The element is reciprocable by a first actuator which can employ an electric and/or fluid-operated and/or mechanical drive and is responsive to signals from an electronic control unit. A second signal-responsive actuator can be utilized to index the gear selecting and shifting member, either directly or by way of the motion transmitting element, in order to actually shift into or from a selected gear and/or to cause the member and/or the element to bypass an obstacle which can arrest the member and/or the element in an intermediate position in order to shift into or from one or more gears in certain types of transmissions.

The present invention relates to transmissions for use in the power trains of motor vehicles, and more particularly to improvements in so-called automated transmissions which can be shifted into or from selected (such as neutral, reverse and forward) gears by so-called actuators in response to signals from one or more control units. As used herein, the term actuator is intended to denote a device which performs an action or outputs a signal in response to a signal from a computer or another suitable control unit. Still more particularly, the invention relates to improvements in automated transmissions wherein a gear selecting and/or shifting member (e.g., a rotary and axially movable member) receives or can receive motion from an axially shiftable output element of an actuator.
The power train of a motor vehicle normally comprises a prime mover (such as an internal combustion engine or a hybrid unit including a motor and a combustion engine), and a transmission which is installed in the power flow from the output element (such as a crankshaft or a camshaft) of the prime mover to the driven wheel or wheels of the motor vehicle. The transmission is shiftable into different gears to thus select the direction and/or the speed of movement of the vehicle. In other words, the transmission can establish a desired relationship between one or more prime mover parameters (such as the RPM of a rotary output element of an internal combustion engine) and one or more parameters (such as the speed and/or the direction of movement) of the motor vehicle. The ratio of the transmission can be changed by hand (e.g., by way of a conventional gear selecting and shifting lever) or automatically (e.g., by the aforementioned control unit and one or more actuators). For example, a manual or automated transmission can be shifted into neutral, into at least one reverse gear, and into one or more (e.g., an infinite number of) forward gears.
A manually engageable and disengageable or an automated torque transmitting system (such as a friction clutch) can be installed between the prime mover and the transmission or downstream of the transmission.
An automated transmission is disclosed, for example, in published German patent application Serial No. 43 20 353. This automated transmission can be operated by resorting to a source of a pressurized fluid medium, and its drawback is that the power train embodying such transmission cannot be caused to shift from normal operation to an emergency mode when the source of pressurized fluid is damaged or totally out of commission for whatever reason or reasons. The same holds true if actuators between a control unit and the automated transmission of the character disclosed in the aforementioned published German patent application become defective or totally disabled. The result is that the transmission cannot be shifted from a previously selected gear into a different gear, e.g., from reverse gear or a forward gear into neutral.

Automated transmission for use in power trains of motor vehicles