An automatic transmission system having a belt type infinitely variable gear is housed in a transmission casing. The transmission casing is formed of a torque convertor housing portion in which the torque convertor is housed and an infinitely variable gear housing portion in which the infinitely variable gear is housed. A forward-reverse switching mechanism is provided between the torque convertor and the primary shaft of the infinitely variable gear and is supported on the torque convertor housing portion. Opposite ends of the primary shaft of the infinitely variable gear are supported on support portions respectively formed on the infinitely variable gear housing portion and the torque convertor housing portion, and opposite ends of the secondary shaft of the infinitely variable gear are supported on support portions respectively formed on the infinitely variable gear housing portion and the torque convertor housing portion.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an automatic transmission system for a vehicle.
2. Description of the Prior Art
There has been known a belt-type automatic transmission system for a vehicle having a torque convertor and an infinitely variable gear which comprises a primary pulley mounted on a primary shaft, a secondary pulley mounted on a secondary shaft parallel to the primary shaft and an endless belt passed around the primary and secondary pulleys and in which the transmission ratio is infinitely changed by changing the ratio of the effective diameter of the primary pulley to that of the secondary pulley. (See, for instance, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 1(1989)-112076)
In such a belt-type automatic transmission system, the output of the transmission must be transmitted to the wheels through a reduction gear having a large reduction ratio which is provided between the output shaft of the transmission and a differential. The automatic transmission system is generally housed in a casing comprising an infinitely variable gear housing portion in which the infinitely variable gear is housed and a torque convertor housing portion in which the torque convertor is housed. One end of the shaft of the reduction gear is supported for rotation on the infinitely variable gear housing portion by way of a bearing and the other end of the reduction gear shaft is supported for rotation on the torque convertor housing portion by way of a bearing. The infinitely variable gear housing portion and the torque convertor housing portion are positioned relative to each other based on a knock pin so that the bearings for supporting opposite ends of the reduction gear shaft are centered relative to each other.
However when the reduction gear shaft is supported in such a manner, the bearings for supporting opposite ends of the reduction gear shaft cannot be accurately centered relative to each other due to dimensional errors of the infinitely variable gear housing portion and the torque convertor housing portion and the like and the reduction gears cannot mesh with each other in a desirable manner, whereby gear noise is produced.
In Japanese Patent Publication No. 3(1991)-72858, there is disclosed a structure for supporting the primary and secondary shafts of the infinitely variable gear. In the structure, one end of the primary shaft which is connected to the torque convertor is supported on the torque convertor housing portion of the transmission casing and the other end of the primary shaft is supported on the infinitely variable gear housing portion. One end of the secondary shaft which is connected to the reduction gear is supported on the infinitely variable gear housing portion and the other end of the secondary shaft is supported on a partition wall member which is provided separately from the torque convertor housing portion and the infinitely variable gear housing portion. The partition wall member is disposed to separate the infinitely variable gear and the reduction gear from each other and is provided with a through hole through which the other end portion of the secondary shaft extends to be connected to the reduction gear. The other end of the secondary shaft is supported by a bearing provided in the through hole.
In the automatic transmission system disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 57(1982)-173652, a forward-reverse switching mechanism is carried by the secondary shaft of the infinitely variable gear.
In the conventional system described above, in order to rigidly incorporate the transmission casing, the partition wall member must be rigidly incorporated as well as the infinitely variable gear housing portion and the torque convertor housing portion. That is, the partition wall member is not only for separating a space but also for positioning and supporting in place the secondary shaft. Accordingly, the partition wall member must be rigidly incorporated with a substantial mounting accuracy, which adversely affects the incorporating facility of the transmission casing.
Further the partition wall member makes it difficult to incorporate the reduction gear to be disposed inside the partition wall member.
Further when the primary shaft and the secondary shaft are positioned to be parallel to each other, the positioning accuracy of the end of the secondary shaft on the side of the torque convertor housing portion is affected by the sum of the dimensional error of the torque convertor housing portion and the mounting error of the partition wall member and accordingly the secondary shaft cannot be positioned with a high accuracy relative to the primary shaft.
Further since the end of the secondary shaft is extended beyond the bearing provided in the partition wall member and a gear in mesh with a gear of the reduction gear is mounted on the extreme end of the secondary shaft, the end portion on the side of the reduction gear is supported by the bearing in a cantilever fashion. In such a state, it is difficult to stably support the reduction gear.
Further since the secondary shaft involves problems in incorporating facility and/or mounting accuracy as described above, it is difficult to position the forward-reverse switching mechanism with a high accuracy relative the parts to be associated therewith when the forward-reverse switching mechanism is mounted on the secondary shaft.

Automatic transmission system for vehicle


A system is provided for managing user entry and/or modification of knowledge information into a knowledge base file having an integrator support component and a data source access support component. The system includes processing circuitry, memory, a user interface, and a knowledge base toolkit. The memory communicates with the processing circuitry and is configured to store at least one knowledge base. The user interface communicates with the processing circuitry and is configured for user entry and/or modification of knowledge pieces within a knowledge base. The knowledge base toolkit is configured for converting knowledge in at least one knowledge base from a first knowledge base form into a second knowledge base form. A method is also provided.

Businesses worldwide store information in databases, including Fortune 500 companies, as well as small and mid-size enterprises. However, there is a problem in that independent and heterogeneous databases are used to store application data for businesses. In essence, data and processes are locked away in legacy and incumbent information systems for each business. Each business stores valuable data and processes knowledge in a manner that is dependent of location and/or format.
Businesses now maintain an extensive electronic infrastructure including a complex combination of software applications, database engines, hardware platforms, and networking technologies. However, there is commonly a significant problem in sharing data between applications and databases across a network because many software elements use proprietary formats. This problem exists when sharing data within a single business, as well as between different businesses. There are many problems when attempting to integrate data stored in these independent and heterogeneous databases.
Information has previously been stored in distributed data sources. A number of enterprise application integration (EAI) tools are known for performing automated application-to-application integration in order to create focused applications composed of information stored in distributed data sources. These traditional EAI tools focus on integration that duplicates data in two or more systems which can result in consequent data synchronization problems. However, duplication of data requires that data be physically copied to a new location which can result in problems because of duplication of information that can become inconsistent when data is changed in one location. Accordingly, it is undesirable to duplicate data in order to provide an integrated view.
Applications exist for accessing multiple, disparate databases. However, these techniques have required the inclusion of substantial logic within client applications in order to access and integrate the retrieved data. This logic is frequently duplicated in many client applications that need access to the same disparate data.
For example, FIG. 1 illustrates a typical configuration of applications 10–13 that access multiple data sources 14–25. This configuration is highly likely to cause long-term problems with inconsistent results and poor maintainability of the applications 10–13. There is a potential for conflict to exist between the algorithms 26–29 that integrate data because logic is duplicated or rewritten for each client application. Additionally, if a change is made to the underlying data source structure, the change needs to be reflected in every client application that utilizes that data element. This can be a very tedious, time-consuming, and error-prone endeavor. For example, a change may entail restructuring a database table or converting a FoxPro® database 23 to an Oracle® database 14.

Knowledge information management toolkit and method


A positioning assembly includes a fixing plate, a positioning plate, a connecting sleeve, one or more first adjusting member, and one or more second adjusting members. The connecting sleeve is positioned between the fixing plate and the positioning plate. The positioning sleeve is sleeved on the connecting sleeve, and fixed to the positioning plate. The first adjusting member is movably disposed on the positioning sleeve, and resists the connecting sleeve, to adjust a position of the connecting sleeve relative to the positioning sleeve. The second adjusting members are disposed between the fixing plate and the positioning plate, to adjust a gradient of the positioning plate relative to the fixing plate. An optical system using the positioning assembly is also provided.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates generally to optical systems and, more particularly, to a positioning assembly and an optical system employing the positioning assembly.
2. Description of Related Art
Lasers are widely used in cutting technologies. The laser is generally focused by a group of lenses to achieve a required precision. An expander lens is configured for changing the radius and divergence angle of the laser beam. Following beam expanding and collimation by the expander lens, the laser beam is passed through and is focused by a focus lens, resulting in a smaller high-power incidence on a workpiece.
To ensure proper alignment with the laser beam, the expander lens is generally positioned in a laser cutting machine by a conventional fixing assembly. However, the expander lens on the fixing assembly can only accept planar (2-axis) adjustments, making the alignment more difficult.
Therefore, there is room for improvement within the art.

Positioning assembly and optical system utilizing the same

Hong Fu Jin Precision Industry (ShenZhen) Co., Ltd.


An implantable defibrillator has a capacitor which, through a controllable switch arrangement, can either be connected to a voltage source for charging the capacitor, or connected across electrodes placed at the heart for delivering a defibrillation pulse. To calculate the minimum pulse energy required for successful defibrillation, ventricular fibrillation is first induced, so that a plurality of defibrillation attempts, with energy increasing from attempt-to-attempt can be undertaken until successful defibrillation occurs. For inducing ventricular fibrillation, the capacitor of the implantable defibrillator is connected to the voltage source until a prescribed charging voltage, which is significantly below the voltage necessary for defibrillation, is reached, and subsequently, the capacitor is disconnected from the voltage source during brief time spans at intervals within the framework of a sequence and is connected during those time spans to the electrodes. Between the time spans, the capacitor is again charged.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to an implantable defibrillator of the type having a capacitor which is connectable via a controllable switch arrangement to a voltage source for charging or to electrodes placed at the heart for delivery of defibrillation pulses thereto, and to a method for inducing fibrillation using such a defibrillator.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In known implantable defibrillators, a capacitor connected within the implantable defibrillator housing or capsule, is charged to a high voltage via a voltage source, also in the housing, and is subsequently discharged through electrodes arranged at the heart and via the heart tissue lying between the electrodes, upon the detection of ventricular fibrillation. A controllable switch arrangement normally connects the capacitor across a voltage source for charging the capacitor, and alternatively connects the capacitor across the electrodes when defibrillation is necessary. When the current flowing across the heart has sufficient energy, ventricular fibrillation is thereby terminated.
In order to identify the minimum amount of energy which is sufficient to achieve a successful defibrillation, it is known to induce ventricular fibrillation artificially, and subsequently to implement a series of defibrillation attempts with increasing energy until the ventricular fibrillation is successfully terminated. For example, ventricular fibrillation can be induced by externally charging the patient with a 50 Hz alternating current from an external generator. It is possible to artificially produce ventricular fibrillation by generating a suitable stimulation pulse sequence by means of a heart pacemaker, which may be implanted either separately from the implantable defibrillator, or in combination with the defibrillator in a common housing.

Implantable defibrillator with fibrillation-inducing capability and method for inducing fibrillation


An apparatus for and a method of generating pointers for identifying structure boundaries of data for leased lines such as T1/E1 in an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) adaptation layer Type 1 (AAL1) through an ATM layer. The apparatus includes a control signal generating unit for receiving a sequence number signal and a start signal, thereby generating enable signals and control signals, a next-cycle boundary generating unit for generating a next-cycle boundary value, using a pointer value and a “Pointer_P” value adapted to store a sequence of ATM cells, a modulo calculating unit for calculating a modulo obtained by dividing the next-cycle boundary value received from the next-cycle boundary generating unit by an externally-received block size value, a current-cycle boundary generating unit for generating a current-cycle boundary value, using the next-cycle boundary value received from the next-cycle boundary generating unit, the modulo received from the modulo calculating unit, and the block size value; and the pointer calculating unit for generating a pointer value for determination of structure boundaries and a “Pointer_P” value, to be supplied to the next-cycle boundary generating unit, based on the current-cycle boundary value received from the current-cycle boundary generating unit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus for and a method of generating pointers for identifying structure boundaries of data for leased lines such as T1/E1 in an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) adaptation layer Type 1 (AAL1) through an ATM layer. In particular, the present invention relates to an apparatus for and a method of generating pointers in an AAL1 for converting structured user data of narrowband-integrated service digital network (N-ISDN) and N×64 Kbps services in a broadband access subscriber network.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, an ATM adaptation layer (AAL) serves to perform functions for adapting services provided by an ATM layer to the request of the user of a higher layer.
The matching of both the higher layer and the ATM layer with the AAL is enabled through service access points between the convergence sublayer (CS) of the AAL and the higher layer and between the segmentation and reassembly sublayer (SAR) of the AAL and the ATM layer, respectively.
The AAL conducts mapping of the protocol data unit (PDU) of the higher layer with the payload slot of an ATM cell while processing transfer errors, and providing functions for performing processing for lost cells and inserted cells, flow control, and timing control. The AAL includes two sublayers, that is, the CS and the SAR.
The CS performs functions associated with specific services, whereas the SAR performs functions having no relation with completion of services, that is, functions associated with segmentation and reassembly of user information. At the transmission end, the CS receives user information from an upper layer, affixes a header to the user information to form a CS-PDU, and sends the CS-PDU to the SAR. The SAR cuts the CS-PDU to have an ATM cell size, affixes a header to the resultant CS-PDU to form an SAR-PDU, and transfers the SAR-PDU to the ATM layer. The headers affixed to the information passing through respective sublayers during the transfer procedure are associated with processing of errors, management of buffers, and keeping of sequences.
ITU-T, the telecommunication standardization sector of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), established an ATM service standard for constant bit rate (CBR), real time, and connection, that is, Recommendation I363.1, in August, 1996. The ATM Forum established a circuit emulation service (CES) standard, that is, Recommendation af-vtoa-0078-000, in January, 1997. Services for users supported by the AAL1 include CBR data transfer services, timing information transfer services, user data structure information transfer services, error recovery services, cell delay variation processing services, and services for processing loss of cells and erroneous insertion of cells.
One conventional technique associated with generation of pointers for structured data in the AAL1 is a technique "APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF GENERATING POINTERS FOR TRANSFER OF STRUCTURED DATA IN AAL1" disclosed in Korean Patent No. 10-0185861 (Dec. 28, 1998) registered in the name of Daewoo Electronic Company, Ltd. This technique has proposed a pointer generating apparatus which includes a counter for counting user data to calculate the offset field of a pointer, a first register for outputting a count bit value corresponding to double the counted value from the counter, a second register for outputting a count bit value corresponding to a value obtained by adding "1" to the double value of the counted value from the counter, a multiplexer, other control circuits, and buffers. In accordance with this technique, however, the higher layer cannot support multiframe E1 or T1 time division multiplexing (TDM) trunks, in particular, N-ISDN channels. Also, when two or more ATM cells are generated for each N-ISDN channel, it is impossible to generate pointers for a plurality of virtual channels (VCs). Furthermore, there is a problem in that the pointer adapted to indicate the structure boundary of structured user data has a degraded accuracy.
Conventional AAL1 devices mainly use an unstructured data transfer mode to transfer data for leased lines such as T1/E1. Such leased lines, for example, T1/E1, form a 64-Kbps DSO time slot based on a voice channel into an 8-Khz frame. Accordingly, one frame for the T1 consists of 24 time slots, whereas one frame for the E1 consists of 32 time slots. One extended super frame (ESF) for the T1 consists of 24 frames. One multiframe for the E1 consists of 16 frames.
The above mentioned conventional technique has proposed a configuration including elements having only the functions capable of designing an apparatus for generating pointers of a simple format for user data structured to have a simplest format. However, user data structured to have diverse formats has recently been required to meet new multimedia services. In addition, it has been required to take into consideration the bandwidth not used in the procedure of converting data into ATM cells.
It is impossible to efficiently generate pointers capable of supporting user data structured to have diverse formats, only using the functional elements of the conventional technique.

Apparatus for and method of generating pointers for transfer of structured data in AAL1

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute


The present invention provides a particulate delivery system comprising an extracted yeast cell wall comprising beta-glucan, a payload molecule and a payload trapping molecule. The invention further provides methods of making and methods of using the particulate delivery system.

Drug delivery systems are designed to provide a biocompatible reservoir of an active agent for the controlled release of the active agent dependent either on time, or on local conditions, such as pH. While macroscopic drug delivery systems such as transdermal patches, implantable osmotic pumps and implantable subcutaneous depots (e.g., NORPLANT™) have had some success, there has been continuing interest in microscopic drug delivery systems such as microcapsules, microparticles and liposomes.
Microcapsules and microspheres are usually powders consisting of spherical particles 2 millimeters or less in diameter, usually 500 microns or less in diameter. If the particles are less than 1 micron, they are often referred to as nanocapsules or nanospheres. A description of methods of making and using microspheres and microcapsules can be found, for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,407,609. Microcapsules and microspheres can be distinguished from each other by whether the active agent is formed into a central core surrounded by an encapsulating structure, such as a polymeric membrane, or whether the active agent is dispersed throughout the particle; that is, the internal structure is a matrix of the agent and excipient, usually a polymeric excipient. The release of the active agent from a microcapsule is often regulated by the biodegradation of the matrix material, usually a biodegradable polymeric material such as either poly(DL-lactide) (DL-PL) or poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (DL-PLG) as the polymeric excipient.
Liposomes can be considered microcapsules in which the active agent core is encompassed by a lipid membrane instead of a polymeric membrane. Liposomes are artificial lipid vesicles consisting of lipid layers, where the antigen may be encapsulated inside the aqueous compartment of the liposome, or associated with the antigen on the surface via surface-coupling techniques. Liposomes can be prepared easily and inexpensively on a large scale and under conditions that are mild to entrapped antigens. They do not induce immune responses to themselves, and are used in humans for parenterally administered drugs.
While the high surface area/volume ratio of microcapsules, microspheres and liposomes favor the release of the active agent, their small size provides challenges in manufacturing. A wide variety of methods to prepare microcapsules and microspheres are described in the literature, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,407,609. Several of these methods make use of emulsions to make microspheres, in particular to make microspheres less than 2 millimeters in diameter. To give a general example of such processes, one can dissolve a polymer in a suitable organic solvent (the polymer solvent), dissolve or disperse an agent in this polymer solution, disperse the resulting polymer/agent mixture into an aqueous phase (the processing medium) to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion with oil microdroplets dispersed in the processing medium, and remove the solvent from the microdroplets to form microspheres. These processes can also be performed with water-in-oil emulsions and with double emulsions. The use of emulsion-based processes that follow this basic approach is described in several U.S. patents, such as U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,737,337, 3,891,570, 4,384,975, 4,389,330, and 4,652,441.
Alternatively, extracted yeast cell wall particles are readily available, biodegradable, substantially spherical particles about 2-4 μm in diameter. Preparation of extracted yeast cell wall particles is known in the art, and is described, for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,992,540, 5,082,936, 5,028,703, 5,032,401, 5,322,841, 5,401,727, 5,504,079, 5,968,811, 6,444,448 B1, 6,476,003 B1, published U.S. applications 2003/0216346 A1, 2004/0014715 A1, and PCT published application WO 02/12348 A2. A form of extracted yeast cell wall particles, referred to as "whole glucan particles," have been suggested as delivery vehicles, but have been limited either to release by simple diffusion of active ingredient from the particle or release of an agent chemically crosslinked to the whole glucan particle by biodegradation of the particle matrix. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,032,401 and 5,607,677.
Extracted yeast cell wall particles, primarily due to their beta-glucan content, are targeted to phagocytic cells, such as macrophages and cells of lymphoid tissue. The mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MAT) comprises all lymphoid cells in epithelia and in the lamina propria lying below the body's mucosal surfaces. The main sites of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues are the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), and the bronchial-associated lymphoid tissues (BALT).
Another important component of the GI immune system is the M or microfold cell. M cells are a specific cell type in the intestinal epithelium over lymphoid follicles that endocytose a variety of protein and peptide antigens. Instead of digesting these proteins, M cells transport them into the underlying tissue, where they are taken up by local dendritic cells and macrophages.
M cells take up molecules and particles from the gut lumen by endocytosis or phagocytosis. This material is then transported through the interior of the cell in vesicles to the basal cell membrane, where it is released into the extracellular space. This process is known as transcytosis. At their basal surface, the cell membrane of M cells is extensively folded around underlying lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells, which take up the transported material released from the M cells and process it for antigen presentation.
A study has shown that transcytosis of yeast particles (3.4+/−0.8 micron in diameter) by M cells of the Peyer's patches takes less than 1 hour (Beier, R., & Gebert, A., Kinetics of particle uptake in the domes of Peyer's patches, Am J. Physiol. 1998 July; 275 (1 Pt 1):G130-7). Without significant phagocytosis by intraepithelial macrophages, the yeast particles migrate down to and across the basal lamina within 2.5-4 hours, where they quickly get phagocytosed and transported out of the Peyer's patch domes. M cells found in human nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue (tonsils and adenoids) have been shown to be involved in the sampling of viruses that cause respiratory infections. Studies of an in vitro M cells model have shown uptake of fluorescently labeled microspheres (Fluospheres, 0.2 μm) and chitosan microparticles (0.2 μm) van der Lubben I. M., et al., Transport of chitosan microparticles for mucosal vaccine delivery in a human intestinal M-cell model, J Drug Target, 2002 September; 10 (6):449-56. A lectin, Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA1, specific for alpha-L-fucose residues) has been used to target either polystyrene microspheres (0.5 μm) or polymerized liposomes to M cells (0.2 μm) (Clark, M. A., et al., Targeting polymerised liposome vaccine carriers to intestinal M cells, Vaccine. 2001 Oct. 12; 20 (1-2):208-17). In vivo studies in mice have reported that poly-D,L-lactic acid (PDLLA) microspheres or gelatin microspheres (GM) can be efficiently taken up by macrophages and M cells. (Nakase, H., et al., Biodegradable microspheres targeting mucosal immune-regulating cells: new approach for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, J Gastroenterol. 2003 March; 38 Suppl 15:59-62).
However, it has been reported that uptake of synthetic particulate delivery vehicles including poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles and liposomes is highly variable, and is determined by the physical properties of both particles and M cells. Clark, M. A., et al., Exploiting M cells for drug and vaccine delivery, Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2001 Aug. 23; 50 (1-2):81-106. The same study reported that delivery may be enhanced by coating the particles or liposomes with reagents including appropriate lectins, microbial adhesins and immunoglobulins which selectively bind to M cell surfaces. See also, Florence, A. T., The oral absorption of micro- and nanoparticulates: neither exceptional nor unusual, Pharm Res. 1997 March; 14 (3):259-66.
Pathogen pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize common structural and molecular motifs present on microbial surfaces and contribute to induction of innate immune responses. Mannose receptors and beta-glucan receptors in part participate in the recognition of fungal pathogens. The mannose receptor (MR), a carbohydrate-binding receptor expressed on subsets of macrophages, is considered one such PRR. Macrophages have receptors for both mannose and mannose-6-phosphate that can bind to and internalize molecules displaying these sugars. The molecules are internalized by endocytosis into a pre-lysosomal endosome. This internalization has been used to enhance entry of oligonucleotides into macrophages using bovine serum albumin modified with mannose-6-phosphate and linked to an oligodeoxynucleotide by a disulfide bridge to a modified 3′ end; see Bonfils, E., et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 1992 20, 4621-4629. see E. Bonfils, C. Mendes, A. C. Roche, M. Monsigny and P. Midoux, Bioconj. Chem., 3, 277-284 (1992). Macrophages also express beta-glucan receptors, including CR3 (Ross, G. D., J. A. Cain, B. L. Myones, S. L. Newman, and P. J. Lachmann. 1987. Specificity of membrane complement receptor type three (CR3) for β-glucans. Complement Inflamm. 4:61), dectin-1. (Brown, G. D. and S. Gordon. 2001. Immune recognition. A new receptor for β-glucans. Nature 413:36.), and lactosylceramide (Zimmerman J W, Lindermuth J, Fish P A, Palace G P, Stevenson T T, DeMong D E. A novel carbohydrate-glycosphinglipid interaction between a beta-(1-3)-glucan immunomodulator, PGG-glucan, and lactosylceramide of human leukocytes. J Biol. Chem. 1998 Aug. 21:273 (34):22014-20.). The beta-glucan receptor, CR3 is predominantly expressed on monocytes, neutrophils and NK cells, whereas dectin-1 is predominantly expressed on the surface of cells of the macrophages. Lactosylceramide is found at high levels in M cells. Microglia can also express a beta-glucan receptor (Muller, C. D., et al. Functional beta-glucan receptor expression by a microglial cell line, Res Immunol. 1994 May; 145 (4):267-75).
There is evidence for additive effects on phagocytosis of binding to both mannose and beta-glucan receptors. Giaimis et al. reported observations suggesting that phagocytosis of unopsonized heat-killed yeast (S. cerevisiae) by murine macrophage-like cell lines as well as murine peritoneal resident macrophages is mediated by both mannose and beta-glucan receptors. To achieve maximal phagocytosis of unopsonized heat-killed yeast, coexpression of both mannose and beta-glucan receptors is required (Giaimis, J., et al., Both mannose and beta-glucan receptors are involved in phagocytosis of unopsonized, heat-killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae by murine macrophages, J Leukoc Biol. 1993 December; 54 (6):564-71).


A method for (of) automatically detecting a security vulnerability in a source code using a machine learning model, characterized in that the method includes: obtaining the source code from a client codebase, wherein the client codebase is a complete or an incomplete body of the source code for a given software program or an application; and using a machine learning (ML) model to perform a ML based analysis on an abstract syntax tree (AST) for detecting a first security vulnerability over a static source code, the machine learning based analysis comprise (i) flattening the abstract syntax tree (AST) into a sequence of structured tokens, wherein the sequence of structured tokens includes a semantic structure and a syntactic structure of the source code, (ii) implementing a natural language processing technique on the sequence of structured tokens for mapping the sequence of structured tokens to one or more integers, (iii) pre-training the machine learning model using an unlabeled source code as an input to predict a subsequent sub-token in the sequence of structured tokens and (iv) training the machine learning model on a labeled source code to predict a presence or an absence of the first security vulnerability.

In computer security, a vulnerability is a weakness which can be exploited by a threat actor, such as an attacker, to perform unauthorized actions within a computer system. To exploit a vulnerability, an attacker must have at least one applicable tool or technique that can connect to a system weakness. Vulnerability management is the cyclical practice of identifying, classifying, remediating, and mitigating vulnerabilities. This practice generally refers to software vulnerabilities in computing systems.
A software vulnerability discovery through automated code inspection has continued to remain elusive. According to Rice's theorem, all non-trivial, semantic properties of programs are undecidable. The software vulnerability discovery using an automated process is inaccurate as a computer program may identify semantic properties of another computer program that is running on the computing system. The semantic property is one about the program's behaviour, for instance, does the program terminate for all inputs. Unlike, a syntactic property, for instance, does the program contain an if-then-else statement. A property is non-trivial if it is neither true for every computable function, nor false for every computable function.
Most of the existing software vulnerability static analysis techniques are not precise, complete, and scalable. One such method of software analysis using taint analysis to identify sources, sanitizers has a propensity for high false positives and false negatives due to the complexity of syntactic structure and the complexity of semantic interpretation which needs to accurately identify security vulnerabilities in a source code. Other existing solutions that attempt to perform automated code analysis (e.g. a traditional static analysis) have high signal-to-noise ratios with respect to a high number of false positives that they are reporting (i.e. reported vulnerabilities that don't exist) and/or a high number of false negatives (i.e. unreported vulnerabilities that do exist).
U.S. Pat. No. 8,806,619 discloses a system and method of determining whether software includes malicious code. The method includes instrumenting a validation machine with tools and monitors that capture the static and dynamic behavior of software. Software under examination is executed on the validation machine, and the tools and monitors are used to log data representative of the behavior of the software to detect vulnerable or malicious code. If possible, one or more operations are automatically performed on the software to enhance the security of the software by neutralizing the vulnerable or malicious code. Activities that cannot be neutralized automatically are flagged for human inspection.
U.S. Pat. No. 8,499,353 discloses a security assessment platform. The platform includes a communications server for receiving technical characteristics and business-context information relating to a software application and testing engines for performing a plurality of vulnerability tests thereon. The platform may also include a testing workflow module for defining an assurance level for the application based on the technical characteristics and business-context information, defining a vulnerability test plan that includes multiple vulnerability tests based on the assurance level, and correlating the results of vulnerability tests to identify related faults in the application. However, none of the above prior art effectively detect the vulnerability in the source code while keeping signal-to-noise ratios as low.
Therefore, in light of the foregoing discussion, there exists a need to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks in existing approaches for automatically detecting the security vulnerability in the source code without false positives and false negatives while keeping the signal-to-noise ratios as low.

System and method for automatically detecting a security vulnerability in a source code using a machine learning model


An electric motor is constructed by tightening set bolts to secure a yoke opened at one end to a bracket mounted on the yoke open end. The outer ring of bearings is press-fitted into the yoke, the inner ring of the bearings is press-fitted around an armature shaft, and the bearings are free from an undue excessive axial load during the tightening the set bolts, without the need for fixing the outer ring to the yoke. A gap between the inner ring of the bearings and a step portion of the armature shaft for restricting the displacement of the inner ring toward the yoke open end, or a gap between the outer ring of the bearings and the closed end of a bearing housing for restricting the displacement of the outer ring in the direction opposite the direction toward the yoke open end, or the sum of both gaps, prior to tightening the set bolts, is set to be greater than the axial deformation of the yoke resulting from the tightening of the set bolts.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electric motor used on board a vehicle, and more particularly, to a motor armature shaft support structure for use in the motor.
2. Description of the Related Art
When an armature shaft is rotatably supported by bearings on a yoke or a bracket in this type of motor, axial and radial displacements of the bearings need to be restricted. Particularly in a motor for driving a piston used in an anti-lock braking device in which a radial load may act on its armature shaft, consideration should be given to restricting the radial motion of bearings. As disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7184344, grooves are provided where the outer ring of bearings and the housing of the bearings are installed, and resin is applied into the grooves to restrict the axial and radial motions of the bearings. In this method, however, resin must have a sufficient durability. With a long period of service, the resin ages, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the resin in restricting movement of the bearings. Furthermore, an additional manufacturing step for inserting resin into the grooves is required, lowering the efficiency of production.
The inventor of this invention has learned that the problem of the axial and radial displacements of an armature shaft is resolved by press-fitting the armature shaft into the inner ring of bearings with the outer ring of bearings press-fitted in the yoke and bracket.
As shown in FIG. 10, some motors employ a cylindrical yoke 2 opened at one end and closed at the other end, and set bolts 16 are screwed in from the side of the closed end of the yoke 2a to secure the yoke 2 to a bracket 3. The outer ring 9b of bearings 9 is press-fitted into the yoke 2 while an armature shaft 4 is press-fitted into the inner ring 9a of the bearings 9. This arrangement suffers the following problem.
When the outer ring 9b of the bearings 9 is press-fitted into a bearing housing 2b formed at the closed end 2a of the yoke 2, stress in excess of permissible level may be radially applied to the bearings 9. Since the bearings 9 are ball bearings, they may be damaged under such excess radial stress and may malfunction. For this reason, the press-fit load on the outer ring 9b, (P1,) needs to be smaller than the permissible radial load, PR (thus, P1<PR). Since the dimensions of the bearing housing 2b vary within a rated tolerance, the press-fit load P1 of the outer ring 9b is different from product to product within a range below the permissible radial load PR. With the outer ring 9b press-fitted, it remains abutting the closed end 2c of the bearing housing 2b (see FIG. 12).
Then, the armature shaft 4 is press-fitted into the inner ring 9a of the bearings 9 already press-fitted into the bearing housing 2b, using a jig E that may be inserted from the bearing housing closed end 2c, as shown in FIG. 11. If the press-fit load P2 of the inner ring 9a is greater than the permissible axial load PA of the bearings 9, a load in excess of the permissible axial load PA acts on the bearings 9 when the opened end of the yoke 2 abuts the bracket 3, and the bearings 9 may be damaged. The press-fit load P2 of the inner ring 9a must be set smaller than the permissible axial load PA (P2<PA).
In conventional electric motors, the assembly of the inner and outer rings 9a, 9b of the bearings 9, the yoke 2 and the armature shaft 4 suffers variations in the relationship of design parameters as follows.
a) Press-fit load of inner ring<press-fit load of outer ring<constant pressure load of press<permissible axial load (P2<P1<PP<PA).
b) Press-fit load of outer ring<press-fit load of inner ring<constant pressure load of press<permissible axial load (P1<P2<PP<PA).
c) Press-fit load of inner ring<constant pressure load of press<press-fit load of outer ring<permissible axial load (P2<PP<P1<PA).
d) Press-fit load of inner ring<constant pressure load of press<permissible axial load<press-fit load of outer ring (P2<PP<PA<P1)
The constant pressure load PP of a press or jig means a load limit involved in the press-fitting of the inner ring 9a of the bearings 9, and is set to be greater than the press-fit load P2 of the inner ring 9a but smaller than the permissible axial load PA of the bearings (thus, P2<PP<PA).
In a) and b) of the above cases a)-d), the press-fit load P1 of the outer ring 9b is smaller than the constant pressure load PP of the press (P1<PP). Now, the inner ring 9a is press-fitted around the armature shaft 4. When the inner ring 9a is further pressed even after the open end of the yoke 2 abuts the bracket 3, the outer ring 9b moves along with the inner ring 9a toward the open end of the yoke, because the press-fit load P1 of the outer ring 9b is smaller than the constant pressure load PP. This movement is stopped by a step portion 4b formed on the armature shaft 4 when the inner ring 9a touches it, and thus pressing of the inner ring 9a by the jig E stops when the constant pressure load PP of the press is reached. A gap S is left between the closed end 2c of the bearing housing 2 and the outer ring 9b, because the bearings 9 are shifted toward the open end of the yoke 2 (see FIG. 13(X)).
When the set bolts 16 are tightened by a constantly controlled torque to secure the yoke to the bracket 3, the yoke 2 is deformed to be shortened in its axial length. The quantity of deformation D may be greater than the gap S (D>S). If it is so, the outer ring 9b of the bearings 9 is urged toward the yoke open end by the closed end 2c of the bearing housing, though the inner ring 9a is already in contact with the step portion 4b and is unable to move. A load above the permissible axial load PA may act between the inner ring 9a and the outer ring 9b, possibly breaking the bearings 9 (see FIG. 13(Y)).
In cases c) and d), the press-fit load P1 of the outer ring 9b is greater than the constant pressure load PP of the press (P1>PP). In the press-fitting of the inner ring 9a around the armature shaft, the inner ring 9a may be further pressed after the open end of the yoke 2 abuts the bracket 3. Since the press-fit load P1 of the outer ring 9b is greater than the constant pressure load PP of the press, the outer ring 9b remains still, and thus neither the inner ring 9a nor the outer ring 9b moves. When the constant pressure load PP is reached, the pressing of the inner ring 9a by the jig E is stopped. The gap S is left between the inner ring 9a and the step portion 4b of the armature shaft 4 (see FIG. 14(X)).
When the set bolts 16 are tightened by a constantly controlled torque to secure the yoke to the bracket 3, the yoke 2 is deformed to be shortened in its axial length. The outer ring 9b of the bearings 9 is urged toward the yoke open end by the closed end 2c of the bearing housing, and thus both the inner ring 9a and the outer ring 9b are moved toward the yoke open end. If the deformation of the yoke 2 is greater than the gap S (D>S), the outer ring 9b is urged by the closed end 2c of the bearing housing toward the yoke open end even after the inner ring 9a touches and is then restricted by the step portion 4b of the armature shaft 4. As a result, a load above the permissible axial load PA may act between the inner ring 9a and the outer ring 9b, possibly breaking the bearings 9 (see FIG. 14(Y)).
In any of the cases a) through d), there is a possibility that a load above the permissible axial load PA of the bearings acts when the set bolts are tightened. To resolve this problem, after the outer ring is press-fitted into the bearing housing, the side of the outer ring of the bearings toward the yoke open end is secured to the yoke through caulking, for example, with the outer ring abutting the closed end of the bearing housing so that the outer ring does not move during the press-fitting of the inner ring around the armature shaft. In this method, however, an additional manufacturing step of caulking is required, lowering the efficiency of production.

Armature shaft support structure for use in an electric motor


A composition and methods useful for making such compositions and for using such compositions to destroy hydrogen peroxide in a liquid aqueous medium, such as that used to disinfect contact lenses, are disclosed. The composition comprises a coated core containing at least one hydrogen peroxide destroying component effective when released into a liquid aqueous medium to destroy or cause the destruction of hydrogen peroxide present in the liquid aqueous medium, and a barrier coating acting to substantially prevent the release of the hydrogen peroxide destroying component for a period of time after the composition is initially contacted with a hydrogen peroxide-containing liquid aqueous medium. The barrier coating is substantially water soluble, preferably includes polyvinylpyrrolidone and is applied as a substantially dry, solid material.

This invention relates to hydrogen peroxide destroying compositions, and the use of same, to decrease the concentration of, or even substantially eliminate, hydrogen peroxide present in a liquid medium. More particularly, the invention relates to such compositions which are useful in destroying residual hydrogen peroxide present in a liquid aqueous medium containing a contact lens which has been disinfected by the action of hydrogen peroxide.
Contact lenses should be periodically cleaned and disinfected by the user to prevent infection or other deleterious effects on ocular health which may be associated with contact lens wear. Currently, there are several different conventional systems and methods which enable the user to clean and disinfect their .contact lenses between wearing times. These conventional cleaning and disinfection systems can be divided into "hot" and "cold" systems. Hot systems require the use of heat to disinfect the contact lenses, whereas cold systems use chemical disinfectants at ambient temperatures to disinfect the lenses.
Within the realm of cold disinfection systems are hydrogen peroxide disinfection systems. Disinfecting hydrogen peroxide solutions are effective to kill the bacteria and fungi which may contaminate contact lenses. However, residual hydrogen peroxide on a disinfected contact lens may cause irritation, burning or trauma to the eye unless this hydrogen peroxide is destroyed, i.e., decomposed, neutralized, inactivated or chemically reduced. Therefore, the destruction of the residual hydrogen peroxide in the liquid medium containing the disinfected contact lens is needed to enable safe and comfortable wear of the disinfected contact lens.
Associated with the problem of hydrogen peroxide destruction in contact lens disinfection systems are the problems of easy use and user compliance. To enhance user compliance and ease of use, several efforts have focused on one-step disinfection and hydrogen peroxide destruction. In this regard, various time release tablets containing a core tablet and a totally soluble or insoluble coating have been suggested.
Kruse et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,767,559 discloses a one-step contact lens cleaning and disinfecting tablet designed to be totally dissolved in water. A core containing a hydrogen peroxide reducing agent and a catalyst is provided. Preferably but not essentially, a thin lacquer polymeric coating, e.g., of acrylic resin or polyvinylpyrrolidone, may be sprayed on the core tablet to form an enveloped core tablet. A non-polymeric jacket mixture containing a hydrogen peroxide generating component is dry coated into the enveloped core tablet. In this case, the jacket mixture dissolves to form hydrogen peroxide to disinfect the contact lens. Subsequently, the thin lacquer polymeric coating enveloping the core tablet is dissolved, resulting in the release of the reducing agent and catalyst. Spraying the thin lacquer polymeric coating on as a liquid mixture, e.g., aqueous solution, can be disadvantageous. For example, the liquid in the mixture may require additional time to evaporate or may not entirely evaporate. This prolongs the tablet production process. In addition, if polyvinylpyrrolidone-containing liquid is sprayed on the core tablet to form the thin lacquer polymeric coating, the coated tablets tend to stick together, thus making further processing more difficult. Further, using a liquid mixture can result in an uneven, or even discontinuous, coating of the core tablet. Also, using liquid solutions of certain polymers is not effective to provide a coating of sufficient thickness to act as a practical delayed release coating.
Schafer et al European Patent Application 86-109,361.5 discloses a hydrogen peroxide neutralizer tablet covered with a water-soluble coating to delay the dissolution of the tablet. The coating is applied by conventional procedures such as by spraying on a film in coating pans, by fluidized bed methods, or in closed systems. This publication does not suggest that the delayed release coating be applied as anything but a liquid. Also, polyvinylpyrrolidone is described as a component of the neutralizer tablet, but not as a component of the coating.
There continues to be a need for a one step contact lens disinfecting system using a hydrogen peroxide destroying component. Tablets which include such components should not stick together during manufacture or storage. Also, the delayed release coating should be of sufficient thickness to allow enough time for lens disinfecting to take place while, at the same time allowing release of the hydrogen peroxide destroying component in a reasonable period of time so that the disinfected lens can be safely and comfortably worn.

Hydrogen peroxide destroying compositions and methods of making and using same


The present invention relates to a textured substrate for epitaxial film formation, comprising a textured metal layer at least on one side, wherein the textured metal layer includes a copper layer having a cube texture and a nickel layer having a thickness of 100 to 20000 nm formed on the copper layer; the nickel layer has a nickel oxide layer formed on a surface thereof, having a thickness of 1 to 30 nm, and including a nickel oxide; and the nickel layer further includes a palladium-containing region formed of palladium-containing nickel at an interface with the nickel oxide layer. The top layer of the textured substrate, i.e. the nickel oxide layer, has a surface roughness of preferably 10 nm or less.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a textured substrate for forming and growing an epitaxial film of an oxide superconductive material or the like, and more specifically to a textured substrate for forming an epitaxial film having good crystal orientation and adhesion.
2. Description of the Related Art
Materials having an epitaxial crystalline structure with a crystal orientation such as an oxide superconductive film and a solar cell film are used in various fields due to the specific properties thereof. Examples of the materials include oxide superconductive materials which compose superconductive conductors and superconductive shields for use in various types of electric power equipment. Materials having an epitaxial crystalline structure generally exhibit poor workability and the bulk material made therefrom has cost disadvantage in some cases. Accordingly, for use of the material, a thin film is often formed from the material on a predetermined substrate.
In order to allow a crystal having textured structure to epitaxially grow, a substrate for epitaxial film formation is required to have a surface with a textured structure. Examples of the substrate include a textured substrate formed of copper as a main constituent found by the present inventors (Patent Literature 1). The copper substrate for epitaxial film growth takes advantage of the easiness of controlling the copper crystal orientation, having a {100}<001> cubic texture with a deviation angle Δφ of crystal axis which satisfies an expression: Δφ≦6°. Although copper including no alloy element has insufficient strength, the problem was solved by cladding the substrate with a metal layer (base material) made of stainless steel or the like.
The present inventors made several modifications to the textured substrate for improving the quality of an epitaxial film to be formed thereon. For example, in a disclosed modification to the textured substrate having a copper layer, a thin film layer of nickel in a proper amount is laminated on the copper surface so as to further improve the crystal orientation (Patent Document 2).

Textured substrate for epitaxial film formation, and method for manufacturing the same


A protective kneepad for detachable attachment to an attaching portion mounted on the exterior of the workman's pants in which the kneepad is larger lengthwise of the pants that the attaching portion for a range of adjustment both longitudinally and laterally greater than the dimensions of the detaching portion. The kneepad is detachable from the work pants allowing ease of movement and laundry of the work pants without any interference from the kneepad. The method of attachment of the system to the pants of a workman is simple and requires no special skills. Adhesion of the attaching portion to the workpants is enhanced by the application of heat.

Kneepads are frequently used by workman who perform their tasks in a kneeling position such as the laying of tile or carpeting and roofing or by gardeners. After prolong periods of time the knees become sore and cause discomfort. Kneepads, which are conventionally used typically, fall into two categories, that is, those held in position by straps and those that are held in pockets sewn or cemented to work pants. In both types of arrangement, position of the work pads to the knee is predetermined and no provision is made for adjustment of the pad relative to the knee. The typical objections to strap on type of knee pads is that they cause discomfort after a long periods of wear and the attachment and detachment can be time consuming and lengthy. The objections to kneepads, which are attached to the work pants in pockets holding the pad, is that on the pocket or the pant leg are subject to wear and abrasion during use of the kneepad and that most such systems are a permanent attachment of the kneepad to the pants which makes them uncomfortable when walking and more difficult to launder. Also the installation of kneepads on work pants requires some skills relative to positioning and attachment of the pads.


Methods, devices, systems, program products and computer-implemented methods for client provisioning are disclosed. A device includes a receiver configured to receive configuration information for the device. The configuration information includes one or more links indicative of settings. The device also includes a processor adapted to identify a first setting by a link indicative of a second setting.

Client Provisioning is a technology used by carriers, device manufacturers, and corporate IT (information technology) departments to carry out remote configuration of mobile devices on behalf of users. OMA (Open Mobile Alliance) Client Provisioning is a provisioning standard based on sending provisioning information to the client in the form of a Provisioning Content Document. The OMA Provisioning Content Document is divided into several parts called characteristics. These characteristics include PXLOGICAL, NAPDEF, BOOTSTRAP, CLIENTIDENTITY, VENDORCONFIG, APPLICATION and ACCESS. The APPLICATION characteristic is used to define application protocol parameters and to describe the attributes of an application service access point available using the protocol. Different applications require different sets of parameters and the current Provisioning Content Document template is not able to fulfill the requirements of all applications.
The APPLICATION characteristic template in the Provisioning Content Document is used to identify connectivity-level settings. In the current template for APPLICATION characteristic, the context of the application settings is identified by the parameter PROVIDER-ID. However, if the mobile device includes multiple application settings of the same type with the same PROVIDER-ID, the desired settings included in the APPLICATION characteristic cannot be precisely defined.
Thus, there is a need for more precise identification of the application settings indicated in the characteristics of a provisioning content document.

Client provisioning with enhanced linking


The present invention relates, in general, to a DNA segment. In particular, the present invention relates to a DNA segment coding for a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence corresponding to RhoNUC, a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence corresponding to RhoNUC, antibodies to RhoNUC, a recombinant DNA molecule, a cell containing the recombinant DNA molecule, and methods of producing and using the polypeptide and DNA segment.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates, in general, to a DNA segment. In particular, the present invention relates to a DNA segment coding for a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence corresponding to RhoNUC, a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence corresponding to RhoNUC, antibodies to RhoNUC, a recombinant DNA molecule, cells containing RhoNUC, and methods of producing and using the polypspride and DNA segment.
2. Background Information
Repair processes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are under extensive genetic control involving over 50 genes; among these are genes that function in recombinational repair as well as normal meiotic and mitotic recombination (Kunz, B.A., and R. H. Haynes (1981) Annu. Rev. Genet. 15:57-89; Game, J.C. (1983) in: Yeast Genetics, Fundamental and Applied Aspects (eds. Spencer, J.F.T., Spencer, D., and Smith, A.) pgs. 109-137, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., New York, and Resnick, M.A. (1987) in: Meiosis (ed. Moens, P.), pgs. 157-212, Academic Press, New York). Deoxyribonucleases are expected to play a role in many repair processes since they enable the excision of damaged DNA and provide a means for heteroduplex formation and processing in recombination. Several deoxyribonucleases have been shown both genetically and biochemically to function in recombination and repair. For example, the nuclease activity associated with the Escherichia coli recBCD proteins is required for much of host recombination and also for chistimulated lambda bacteriophage (Chaudhury, A.M., and G. R. Smith (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 81:7850-7854). Holloman and Holliday (J. Biol. Chem. 248:8107-8113, 1973) have described nuclease .alpha. from the eucaryote Ustilago maydis that is required for recombination and DNA repair. Because of the complex genetic control involving two genes, the specific role of this nuclease has not been ascertained. An endo-exonuclease from Neurospora crassa has also been implicated in recombination and repair (Chow, T.Y.-K, and M. F. Fraser (1979) Can. J. Biochem. 57:889-901; Chow, T.Y.-K, and M. F. Fraser (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258:12010-12018, and Ramotar, D., et al. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262:425-431). The phenotypes of mutants deficient or altered in nuclease activity include meiotic sterility and sensitivity to ultraviolet light, X-rays, and/or alkylating agents (Fraser, M.J., et al. (1990) in: DNA repair and mutagenesis in Eucaryotes (Generoso et al., eds) pgs. 63-74, Plenum Publishing Corp., New York). A similar endo-exonuclease has also been isolated from Aspergillus nidulans (Koa, H., et al. (1990) Biochem, Cell. Biol. 68:387-392) and from mammalian mitochondria (Tomkinson, et al., (1986) Nucl. Acids Res. 14:9579-9593).
An endo-exonuclease, RhoNUC, from S. cerevisiae was isolated and characterized and was suggested to function in both repair and recombination (Chow, T.Y.-K, M. A. Resnick (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262:17659-17667, and Chow, T.Y.-K, and M. A. Resnick (1988) Molec. Gen. Genet. 211:41-48; Because of the chimeric nature of the endoexonucleasei this protein is now referred to as RhoNUC, rather than the original yNUCR reported in these papers and the gene encoding RhoNUC is named RNC1 for Rho-associated-Nuclease). Several properties of RhoNUC resemble those of the E. coli recBCD nuclease. The RhoNUC activity in both mitotic and meiotic cells is greatly influenced by a functional RAD52 gene. The RAD52 gene product is required for mitotic and meiotic recombination and for the repair of double stranded breaks in DNA. Mutants deficient in the gene product (rad52) cannot proceed properly through meiosis. Meiotic recombination is abolished in rad52 mutants, and cells die as they enter the meiotic cycle. In rad52 mutants, the mitotic level of the endo-exonuclease is less than 10% of the wild type level, and no increase is observed during meiosis (Resnick, M.A. et al. (1984) Molec. Cell. Biol. 4:2811-2817).

Chimeric protein that has a human RHo Motif and deoxyribonuclease activity


An information processing method for determining a pattern that indicates an arrangement order of the plurality of tasks from upstream to downstream of a stream is performed by a computer. The method includes acquiring a plurality of patterns to be candidates of an arrangement order of the plurality of tasks from upstream to downstream of the stream in a case of executing the plurality of tasks using a stream processing format; specifying, for each pattern of the plurality of acquired patterns, an amount of data to be reintroduced from one task of the plurality of tasks to another task located upstream side of the stream with respect to the one task; and determining the pattern from among the plurality of patterns based on the specified amount of data to be reintroduced for the each pattern.

There has been a stream processing system that sequentially processes data output from a data store by a plurality of tasks, using a stream processing format. Here, there are some cases where data processed by a task located downstream of the stream is desired to be used by another task located upstream of the stream. In this case, the data processed by the task located downstream of the stream goes through an outside of the stream processing system and is reintroduced to another task located upstream of the stream.
For example, there is a past technique for identifying one or more virtual processing agents who are interested in an issued event and have not explicitly applied for registration. Furthermore, for example, there is a technique for forming a worker node for executing an operation on a received record. Furthermore, for example, there is a technique for distributing a processing load in a plurality of calculation nodes, predicting a communication load caused by the processing load, and determining a network topology between calculation nodes based on a prediction result.
Japanese National Publication of International Patent Application No. 2017-524184, Japanese National Publication of International Patent Application No. 2016-536690, and International Publication Pamphlet No. WO 2014/102996 are disclosed as related art.

Processing program to rearrange order of task in stream processing


A tool rig for the compaction of particulate materials includes a base and a cylinder block disposed on the base. At least two pistons are disposed within the cylinder block and one piston is at least partially disposed within one other piston. A supply component is disposed in the inner diameter of at least one of the pistons and defines at least one channel. The channel connects an energy supply to at least one of the pistons.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the art of forming products from particulate materials. More particularly, the present invention relates to the compaction of particulate materials. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to a new tool rig for the compaction of particulate materials.
2. Description of Related Art
In the manufacture of components or parts from particulate materials, a critical process is the compaction of the particulate material. Compaction is typically performed by filling a die cavity with the particulate material and applying pressure to the particulate material with a press.
The press has a driven main ram that moves in a single direction. The main ram is connected to a ram platen that moves with the main ram. In most cases, the main ram and ram platen move in a downward direction toward a base platen to perform the compaction. The main ram may be driven by hydraulic or mechanical means, as known to those skilled in the art. Depending on the operation, additional rams may be present to provide auxiliary motion in a coaxial direction.
For compaction different types of presses may be utilized, among them a hybrid press and a hydraulic press. A hydraulic press includes a hydraulically driven main ram and hydraulic auxiliary motions. A hybrid press comprises a crank or knuckle driven main ram and hydraulic auxiliary motions. Adjustable mechanical stops are used to prevent auxiliary motion beyond the desired range.
A density close to the theoretical density of the material is desired for a component made from a particulate material, because the mechanical properties of the component improve with increasing density of the compacted particulate. As a result, techniques have been developed to increase the density achieved through the compaction process. These techniques are often focused on multiple level parts, because the geometry of multiple level parts usually make uniform density distribution between the levels more difficult. A discrepancy in density distribution adversely affects the performance of the part and may lead to the formation of cracks in the compaction process.
One technique to improve compaction of multiple level parts is that of a tool rig comprising a die that defines a cavity in conjunction with at least two punches that extend into the cavity. At least one punch is typically actuated through auxiliary motion at some point during the compaction process to move the punch to a different vertical position and thereby direct the flow of the particulate material in the cavity to achieve a more uniform density distribution in the formed part. For parts with many levels, multiple punches may be used and each punch may be separately actuated.
In order to facilitate these actuated punches, designs of prior art tool rigs have relied upon cumbersome designs. A tool rig usually includes platens and/or cylinders to support each punch. Each of these support components must be independently movable to allow each punch to be independently actuated. Likewise, each support component must have an independent source of energy to create independent motion of the support component and its respective punch. Such sources of energy may include connections to hydraulic or pneumatic media. Further, each support component typically has a linear encoder that measures the position and travel of the component, in turn measuring the position and travel of the punch that the component supports.
The requirement of an independent energy supply source for each component that supports an actuated punch has necessitated the design of vertically long tool rigs and presses in the prior art. The vertical length of a press dictated by designs of the prior art is illustrated in European Patent No. EP 0 586 028 B1, issued to the present inventor and others; in PCT Publication No. WO 01/08864 A1, issued to Beane et al.; and in European Patent No. 0 077 897/related U.S. Pat. No. 4,482,307, issued to Schaidl et al. The excessive vertical length of these designs demands deep pits and/or high ceilings in a production facility, results in long tooling stack-ups that are difficult to align and increase set-up time, and yields a deflection that is generally high.
Accordingly, it is desirable to develop a new tool rig that integrates all necessary elements at a substantially reduced height, which provides increased rigidity and maintains good accessibility for set-up.

Tool rig for the compaction of particulate material


A transactional memory system salvages a partially executed hardware transaction. A processor of the transactional memory system saves state information in a first code region of a first hardware transaction, the state information useable to determine whether the first hardware transaction is to be salvaged or to be aborted. The processor detects an about to fail condition in the first code region of the first hardware transaction. The processor, based on the detecting, executes an about-to-fail handler, the about-to-fail handler using the saved state information to determine whether the first hardware transaction is to be salvaged or to be aborted. The processor executing the about-to-fail handler, based on the transaction being to be salvaged, uses the saved state information to determine what portion of the first hardware transaction to salvage.

This disclosure relates generally to transactional execution, and more specifically to salvaging partially executed hardware transactions.
The number of central processing unit (CPU) cores on a chip and the number of CPU cores connected to a shared memory continues to grow significantly to support growing workload capacity demand. The increasing number of CPUs cooperating to process the same workloads puts a significant burden on software scalability; for example, shared queues or data-structures protected by traditional semaphores become hot spots and lead to sub-linear n-way scaling curves. Traditionally this has been countered by implementing finer-grained locking in software, and with lower latency/higher bandwidth interconnects in hardware. Implementing fine-grained locking to improve software scalability can be very complicated and error-prone, and at today's CPU frequencies, the latencies of hardware interconnects are limited by the physical dimension of the chips and systems, and by the speed of light.
Implementations of hardware Transactional Memory (HTM, or in this discussion, simply TM) have been introduced, wherein a group of instructions, called a transaction, operate in an atomic manner on a data structure in memory, as viewed by other central processing units (CPUs) and the I/O subsystem (atomic operation is also known as "block current" or "serialized" in other literature). The transaction executes optimistically without obtaining a lock, but may need to abort and retry the transaction execution if an operation, of the executing transaction, on a memory location conflicts with another operation on the same memory location. Previously, software transactional memory implementations have been proposed to support software Transactional Memory (TM). However, hardware TM can provide improved performance aspects and ease of use over software TM.
U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0028056 titled "Direct-Update Software Transactional Memory" filed Jul. 29, 2005, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, teaches a transactional memory programming interface that allows a thread to directly and safely access one or more shared memory locations within a transaction while maintaining control structures to manage memory accesses to those same locations by one or more other concurrent threads. Each memory location accessed by the thread is associated with an enlistment record, and each thread maintains a transaction log of its memory accesses. Within a transaction, a read operation is performed directly on the memory location and a write operation is attempted directly on the memory location, as opposed to some intermediate buffer. The thread can detect inconsistencies between the enlistment record of a memory location and the thread's transaction log to determine whether the memory accesses within the transaction are not reliable and the transaction should be re-tried.
U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011/0119452 titled "Hybrid Transactional Memory System (HybridTM) and Method" filed Nov. 6, 2009, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, teaches a computer processing system having memory and processing facilities for processing data with a computer program is a Hybrid Transactional Memory multiprocessor system with modules 1 . . . n coupled to a system physical memory array, I/O devices via a high speed interconnection element. A CPU is integrated as in a multi-chip module with microprocessors which contain or are coupled in the CPU module to an assist thread facility, as well as a memory controller, cache controllers, cache memory, and other components which form part of the CPU which connects to the high speed interconnect which functions under the architecture and operating system to interconnect elements of the computer system with physical memory, various I/O devices and the other CPUs of the system. The current hybrid transactional memory elements support for a transaction memory system that has a simple/cost effective hardware design that can deal with limited hardware resources, yet one which has a transactional facility control logic providing for a backup assist thread that can still allow transactions to reference existing libraries and allows programmers to include calls to existing software libraries inside of their transaction, and which will not make a user code use a second lock based solution.

International Business Machines Corporation


The battery with planar high temperature fuel cells comprises a stack-shaped, alternating arrangement of electrochemically active elements and interconnectors. The interconnectors are formed as air heat exchangers, each of which has a basic body. The thermal expansion of the interconnector is largely determined by the basic body. Each basic body separates an air side from a gas side. A structured layer is arranged on both sides of the basic body in each case: namely a structured layer for electrical conduction and heat transport as well as for a transport of air or combustion gas respectively along the electrochemically active elements. The thermal expansion of the basic body corresponds substantially to that of the electrochemically active elements. Each basic body is formed as an air heat exchanger and consists of a material on whose surface a permanent oxide layer forms under the operating conditions of the battery and in the presence of oxygen. On the air side of the basic body, the structured layer is bonded to the basic body in such a manner that the basic body is protected against oxide formation at the connection points.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a battery with planar high temperature fuel cells.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A battery of this kind is known from a European patent application with the number 9581039.5 (=P.6678)--designated EP-A xy in the following. The cells of the battery comprise, in each case, an electrochemically active plate and a three-layer interconnector formed as an air heat exchanger. The middle layer of the interconnector consists of a plate which has substantially the same coefficient of thermal expansion as the electrochemically active plate; the sideward layers are made of metal sheets which are substantially thinner than the plate of the middle layer. The metal sheets are structured in the manner of a relief and securely connected to the middle plate via a large number of contact points. The sideward metal sheets are formed for a direct contact with the electrochemically active plate and the corresponding plate of an adjacent cell.
Due to the high operating temperature and due to the formation of metallic oxides at the surface of the interconnectors, alloys must be used which consist of at least 25% chromium and which form a chromium oxide protective layer. The use of aluminides, which could also be used at elevated temperatures, is out of the question since aluminium oxide is electrically non-conductive, in contrast to chromium oxide. However, the occurrence of chromium oxide is combined with the disadvantage that this compound displays a certain volatility at the operating temperatures of the fuel cells and thus deposits on the electrodes of the electrochemically active plates, which leads to an ageing of these plates, namely an ageing in the form of a continually decreasing efficiency. This problem can be countered by means of suitable coatings: for this, see EP-A 0 714 147 (=P.6651).

Battery with planar high temperature fuel cells


A scan signal line drive circuit (32) for driving switching elements is provided in a frame area (24) of an active matrix substrate (20). A driver TFT element (42) is provided in each circuit section (36) which is part of a scan signal line drive circuit (32). The frame area (24) has a branch line (43) as a second line for supplying a signal to the driver TFT element (42) and a connecting line (44) as a first line connected to the branch line (43). The connecting line (44) and the branch line (43) are connected to each other in a connecting section (60). Both of the sides of the branch line (43), which specify the width of the branch line (43), are disposed in a contact hole (61) in planar view, the contact hole (61) being provided in a second insulating layer.

An active matrix display device, in which thin film transistors (hereinafter, "TFTs") or like devices are used as switching elements for pixels, is quick to respond and easy to achieve a grayscale display. Due to these advantages, the active matrix display device has been used recently in a broad range of applications, such as mobile phones, mobile game machines, onboard navigation devices, as well as in television sets.
The active matrix display device generally includes an active matrix substrate and a counter substrate which are disposed so as to face each other, with a display element (liquid crystal, organic EL, etc.) being disposed between the substrates and sealed with a sealant.
Meanwhile, display devices, in which a scan signal line drive circuit, a data signal line drive circuit, etc. are formed monolithically on an active matrix substrate, allow for compact frame areas and improved reliability, and therefore preferentially being used in mobile information terminals, such as mobile phones and mobile type game machines.
(Active Matrix Substrate)
Referring to FIG. 9, the following will describe a schematic arrangement of an active matrix substrate in which a scan signal line drive circuit is formed monolithically. FIG. 9 is a plan view illustrating a schematic arrangement of a major part of the active matrix substrate.
As illustrated in FIG. 9, the active matrix substrate 20 has a display area 22 which is formed at a central part of an insulating substrate 21 made from, for example, a glass substrate. In the display area 22 are there formed pixel electrodes (not shown), display driver TFT elements (switching elements; not shown), etc. in a matrix manner. Each display driver TFT element has a gate electrode connected to a scan signal line 30, a source electrode connected to a data signal line 31, and a drain electrode connected to a pixel electrode (not shown). The scan signal lines 30 and the data signal lines 31 are disposed so as to intersect at right angles with each other in the display area 22 of the active matrix substrate 20. Note that the scan signal lines 30 and the data signal lines 31 are disposed in different layers on the active matrix substrate 20 with an intervening insulating layer therebetween, so that they are not electrically connected to each other at the intersections.
A frame area 24 is formed in an area surrounding the display area 22 near a substrate perimeter 26 of the active matrix substrate 20. Scan signal line drive circuits 32 are provided in the right and left (with respect to a direction indicated by arrow X in FIG. 9) portions of the frame area 24 so as to sandwich the display area 22. The scan signal line drive circuits 32 are electrically connected to the scan signal lines 30 to apply scan signals to the scan signal lines 30.
Since the scan signal line drive circuits 32 are provided in both the right and left portions of the frame area 24 so as to sandwich the display area 22, when a signal is fed to a scan signal line 30 from both the right and left sides, signal waveform distortion is reduced. Thus, the driver TFT elements which constitute the scan signal line drive circuits 32 can be reduced in size, and it is possible to provide an active matrix substrate 20 with a narrower frame area 24. In contrast, even when a signal is fed to a scan signal line 30 from either the right or left side, the frame area 24 can be sized equally on the right and left sides of the active matrix substrate 20 by dividing the scan signal lines 30 into a group which is driven by the right-side scan signal line drive circuit 32 and a group which is driven by the left-side scan signal line drive circuit 32.
A driver 33 is provided in either the top or bottom (with respect to a direction indicated by arrow Y in FIG. 9) portion of the frame area 24. The driver 33 is electrically connected to the data signal lines 31 to apply data signals to the data signal lines 31.
Wiring 35, including clock wires, which is provided for the scan signal line drive circuits is connected to terminals 34 formed by, for example, a patterned thin metal film, so as to supply signals needed to operate the scan signal line drive circuits 32 from an external DC/DC converter, an external display control circuit, etc. via FPCs (flexible printed circuits; not shown), etc.
Note that the active matrix substrate 20 shown in FIG. 9 includes two scan signal line drive circuits 32, one on each of the right and left sides of the display area 22. Alternatively, the active matrix substrate 20 may include only one scan signal line drive circuit 32. In addition, signals which are supplied to the wiring 35 may be supplied from the driver 33.
(Patent Literature 1)
A specific arrangement of a scan signal line drive circuit is described, for example, in Patent Literature 1.
FIG. 10 is a layout diagram representing an arrangement of a major part of a scan signal line drive circuit described in Patent Literature 1.
As illustrated in FIG. 10, in a frame area of an active matrix substrate 100, there are provided a scan signal line drive circuit 400, wires 122 for a scan signal line drive circuit, and connecting lines 172. The wires 122 include clock wires.
The scan signal line drive circuit 400 includes driver TFT elements T5, T6, T10, T11, and T41 to T45, etc. The wires 122 apply signals needed by the driver TFT elements either directly or via the connecting lines 172.
Note that a wire 122 and a corresponding connecting line 172 are electrically connected to each other via two contact holes 200.

Active matrix substrate and display device


A motor vehicle exhaust line includes a hot pipe, and a cold pipe for exhaust gases. A mechanical decoupling element connects a downstream end of the hot pipe to an upstream end of the cold pipe. The exhaust line also includes a nitrogen oxide treatment device and an injector intended to reinject a reagent into, or to produce a reagent in the exhaust line upstream of the nitrogen oxide treatment device. The exhaust line includes a mixer intended to mix the exhaust gases and the reagent injected or produced by the injector. The mixer is positioned upstream of the nitrogen oxide treatment device. The nitrogen oxide treatment device is disposed in the cold pipe downstream of the mechanical decoupling element. The injector and the mixer form an assembly connected directly to the mechanical decoupling element.

Such an exhaust line is provided to equip an internal combustion engine, for example a diesel engine. It includes a catalyst provided to reduce the nitrogen oxides and an injector placed upstream from the catalyst. The injector is designed to inject a reagent, in particular a reducing agent or substance producing a reducing agent of the nitrogen oxides, such as urea, in the exhaust line. The urea consecutively undergoes two chemical reactions, thermolysis and hydrolysis, and is converted into ammonia. Within the catalyst and when the exhaust gases reach a certain temperature, the ammonia reacts chemically with the nitrogen oxides, reducing them into nitrogen and water.
In an exhaust line including an SCR system, i.e., the catalyst performing the selective reduction of the nitrogen oxides, the injection of the reducing agent is generally located downstream from the mechanical decoupling element to prevent damaging the latter, for example to avoid the risks of corrosion and mechanical failure. Such an arrangement nevertheless has the major drawback of increasing the startup time for the conversion of nitrogen oxides due to the distance of the SCR system from the engine.
In light of the aforementioned constraints, the architecture of such an exhaust line including an SCR system makes it more difficult to obtain an effective increase in the conversion of nitrogen oxides NOx when the vehicle is traveling under urban conditions, as it is not possible to reach the threshold or minimum temperature authorizing the injection of the reducing agent quickly.
In this context, the invention aims to propose an exhaust line whereof the operation is more satisfactory, with a more effective conversion of the nitrogen oxides.