A reinforcing and spacing device is described for use in a masonry wall structure of successive courses of brick, block, stone or other similar masonry material. The reinforcing spacer device includes parallel side rods with interconnecting intermediate rods and spacing nodes disposed on the side rods and the intermediate rods. The embedment of the reinforcing spacer device in the horizontal and vertical mortar joints of a masonry wall structure provides simultaneous reinforcement of the horizontal mortar joint and uniform spacing of the brick, block, stone or other similar masonry material. The reinforcing spacer device is a labor-saving, combination device that is economical to manufacture and allows for proper positioning and strengthening of a masonry wall structure.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a reinforcing spacer device for use in the horizontal and vertical mortar of masonry walls. More particularly, this invention relates to a device combining reinforcement and spacing between adjacent masonry units.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Masonry, the building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar, is commonly used for the construction of buildings. Such widespread use is the result of the high durability, compressive strength, thermal mass and heat resistance of the masonry building materials. Because masonry construction requires extensive manual labor and individual building materials such as brick or block, the quality of the masonry construction is directly dependent on the type of materials used and the workmanship of the mason.
In the past, the construction of structurally sound, high quality wall units constructed of brick, block, stone or similar masonry building units has depended upon the workmanship of masons. The pattern used in setting the building materials strongly effects the durability of the overall construction. Through extensive training, masons develop techniques for evenly applying mortar to bed joints and vertical joints between units so that the units are evenly spaced in each course and the wall face remains vertical.
In recent years attention has been paid to wall reinforcement especially for areas that are routinely subjected to seismic forces. Here both wire reinforcements and ladder and truss reinforcements have been in widespread use. Such reinforcements are embedded in the horizontal mortar joints to reinforce, bond and control shrinkage cracking. Additionally, the reinforcements provide higher resistance to lateral loads, such as wind, by increasing tensile strength.
The inventors' patents and their assignee's product line include masonry accessories, namely, ladder and truss reinforcements, wall anchors, veneer ties, masonry flashing and related items for cavity walls. These products, which are sold under the trademarks of Lox All, DW-10X, X-seal and FlexFlash, are manufactured by Hohmann & Barnard, Inc., Hauppauge, N.Y. 11788 ("H&B"). The products have become widely accepted in the construction industry and the inventors have gained particular insight into the technological needs of this marketplace.
In general, the difficulties with masonry construction lie in two distinct areas. The first is the weakness of the horizontal mortar or bed joints that bond the masonry units together. This weakness is the result of the low tensile strength of the mortar joints and generally requires mortar joint reinforcement for structural stability. The second difficulty is constructing a wall with consistent and uniform mortar joints that keeps the structure vertical and maintains aesthetics. An uneven mortar joint thickness detracts from the overall appearance of the wall and can effect the overall stability and durability of the masonry construction.
The first difficulty is addressed by well-known devices, such as ladder and truss reinforcements for augmenting the tensile strength of the horizontal mortar joints. These devices greatly reduce cracking that can arise from thermal stresses, and increase lateral flexural strength, elasticity and performance of masonry walls under various stresses.
Exemplary of the above, in a patent to Stephen Priest, Jr., U.S. Pat. No. 903,000 issued Nov. 3, 1908, entitled "Wall Tie," a reinforcing ladder device is taught which is constructed of twisted wires with one side of the ladder device embedded in the outer wythe and the other, in the inner wythe. Similarly, H. Spaight, U.S. Pat. No. 2,300,181 issued Oct. 27, 1942, entitled "Means for Constructing Buildings," teaches a truss-shaped reinforcement device for embedment in either one wythe or in cavity walls in both wythes. More recently, W. Smith in U.S. Pat. No. 3,183,628 issued May 18, 1965, entitled "Masonry Wall Reinforcing Means," describes an improvement of the Spaight invention by teaching truss and ladder reinforcements having grooves or bosses on the parallel side wires to increase the mortar bonding therewith. Placing one of the aforementioned devices in the horizontal mortar joints enhances the tensile strength of the horizontal joints.
Several improvements to masonry wall reinforcement have been made by H&B. In 1976, Hala and Schwalberg of H&B, received U.S. Pat. No. 3,964,226 for an adjustable wall-tie reinforcing system which joined reinforcements in inner and outer wythes with an attached eye and pintle structure. During the period when the Uniform Building Code developed joint reinforcement specifications, Hohmann et al., received U.S. Pat. No. 5,454,200 issued Oct. 3, 1995 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,279,283 issued Aug. 28, 2001. These patents provide veneer anchoring systems for masonry walls which include reinforcement for cavity walls. These devices have received widespread usage in the industry. However, none of these devices were designed to aid in the application of uniformly thick mortar joints.
In the past, builders inserted devices between the block, stone or similar masonry building material to align and space the mortar joints. Representative patents include: U.S. Pat. No. 2,172,816—A. Douglas and V. Lefebure—Issued Sep. 12, 1939, entitled "Construction of Walls, Partitions, and the Like," which describes a method of aligning specially-slotted or grooved building blocks using T-shaped dowel plates to tie three adjacent blocks; U.S. Pat. No. 4,334,397—G. Hitz—Issued Jun. 15, 1982, entitled "Masonry Structure and Apparatus and Process for Spacing Block in the Structure," which describes a plastic-pronged spacer that separates the blocks; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,351,457—W. Colen—Issued Oct. 4, 1994, entitled "Wall Construction and Spacer for Use Therewith," which describes wall construction spacers for use in various blocks that tie two adjacent blocks together.
Each of the aforementioned devices addresses either reinforcement or spacing. Additionally, more recent technical advances have resulted in several combination reinforcing and spacing devices, described below. However, these devices do not provide a combination unit for both the reinforcing of the horizontal mortar joints and the spacing of the horizontal and vertical mortar joints.
In preparing for this application the below-mentioned patents have become known to the inventors hereof.
PatentInventorIssue Date6,629,393PignataroOct. 7, 20036,553,737BergApr. 29, 20036,279,283Hohmann et al.Aug. 28, 20015,454,200Hohmann et al.Oct. 3, 19955,351,457ColenOct. 4, 19945,259,161CarterNov. 9, 19914,689,931HodgesSep. 1, 19874,334,397HitzJun. 15, 19823,964,226Hala et al.Jun. 22, 19763,183,628SmithMay 18, 19652,300,181SpaightOct. 27, 19422,172,816Douglas et al.Sep. 3, 1939903,000PriestNov. 3, 1908
Of these patents, those not previously discussed, are discussed hereinbelow.
Inventions to properly space masonry building materials are described in patents such as P. Hodges in U.S. Pat. No. 4,689,931 issued Sep. 1, 1987, entitled "Masonry Construction Device," and T. Berg in U.S. Pat. No. 6,553,737 issued Apr. 29, 2003, entitled "Method and apparatus to achieve consistent spacing between layers of modular construction material."
Hodges describes a squared "U" shaped device with a straight bridging member connected between parallel sawtooth shaped members. Upon connecting adjacent ones of Hodges devices, the bridging members thereof form supports for the next course of masonry materials and thereby spaces consecutive courses. The "U" shaped devices are short and manually chained together to cover horizontally adjacent bricks. Berg teaches a device with spacer studs connected to the parallel and transverse rails of a ladder-type reinforcement. The device is placed on the top surface of a brick or block to space the horizontal mortar joint. Along a similar path, F. Carter in U.S. Pat. No. 5,259,161 issued Nov. 9, 1991, entitled "Vertical and horizontal reinforcement and spacing guide for panels constructed of blocks," teaches, specifically for glass block installation, a grid formed by detailed thick elongate reinforcement members of uniform thickness with both horizontal and vertical components.
Horizontal reinforcement and spacing is further taught in J. Pignataro in U.S. Pat. No. 6,629,393 issued Oct. 7, 2003, entitled "Masonry reinforcing tie." Pignataro describes a ladder-type device formed of wire or rod with the parallel elongate members containing integrally formed, spacing elements. The patent describes providing lateral reinforcement and teaches only consistent horizontal mortar joint thickness in a masonry wall. Pignataro further teaches the use of roller dies to form the spacing elements.
Accordingly, while several distinct devices were developed to assist in properly constructing a masonry wall unit, the current state of the art does not fulfill the need for a single efficient and economical combination device that simultaneously reinforces and spaces brick, block, stone or similar masonry building materials. As described hereinbelow, the present invention utilizes a combination reinforcing spacer device to horizontally reinforce and dually space both horizontally and vertically, thereby providing a useful and novel solution to the aforementioned difficulties.


The present invention is directed to a dendritic polyamidoamine phthalocyanine derivative which is useful as, for example, a fluorescent material or a photodynamic therapeutic drug for cancer. The derivative is represented by the following formula (1):

Phthalocyanine is a compound which, in its center, can coordinate to a metal, expresses a blue to green color, and exhibits various optical characteristics (e.g., selective absorption of visible light of 600 nm to 700 nm). Therefore, phthalocyanine is envisaged to be applied in a variety of fields, including light-emitting materials, fluorescent materials, and photodynamic therapeutic drugs for cancer, and many derivatives of phthalocyanine have been synthesized (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).
Meanwhile, a dendrimer is a dendritic molecule having a branching structure formed of repeating units. When a dendrimer is bonded to a compound serving as a core, the entire molecule assumes a spherical form. Dendrimers are envisaged to be used as, for example, optoelectronic materials, by virtue of their characteristics such as solubility, low viscosity, and amorphousness (Non-Patent Documents 3 and 4).
As has been reported, a phthalocyanine derivative serving as a photosensitizer can be used as a core of a dendrimer (Patent Document 1). However, since this phthalocyanine dendrimer has an aromatic ether dendron unit, the entire dendrimer molecule assumes a spherical form and loses intrinsic optical characteristics acquired by a phthalocyanine structure.    Patent Document 1: JP-A-2005-120068    Non-Patent Document 1: Ryo Hirohashi, Keiichi Sakamoto, and Eiko Okumura "Phthalocyanine as a Functional Dye" IPC, 2004    Non-Patent Document 2: Hirofusa Shirai and Nagao Kobayashi "Phthalocyanine—Chemistry and Function—" IPC, 1997    Non-Patent Document 3: Keigo Aoi and Masaaki Kakimoto "Dendritic Polymers, Tabunki Kozo ga Hirogeru Kokinoka no Sekai (World of High Functionalization Diversified by Multibranched Structures)" NTS, 2005    Non-Patent Document 4: Shohiko Okada "Chemistry and Function of Dendrimers" IPC, 2000

Dendritic polyamidoamine phthalocyanine derivative

Abstract: (wherein each member of one to eight of R1 to R8 is a polyamidoamine dendron represented by the following formula (a):

Abstract: (wherein p is a number from 1 to 4; R9 represents —NH(CH2)tNH2 or OR10 (wherein R10 represents an alkyl group); and each of l, m, q, and t is a number from 1 to 8), and each member of the remainder represents a hydrogen atom; M represents a metal atom having a valency of two or more; and a ring marked with (N) is a benzene ring, a pyridine ring, or a pyrazine ring).


A carbon material for electric double layer capacitor electrodes which is obtained by a heat treatment and an activation treatment of a material pitch having a softening point in a range of 150 to 350° C., a ratio of amounts by atom of hydrogen to carbon (H/C) in a range of 0.50 to 0.90 and a content of optically anisotropic components of 50% or greater. The material pitch is preferably a synthetic pitch obtained by polymerizing a condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon such as naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene and pyrene in the presence of an ultra-strong acid catalyst such as a hydrogen fluoride-boron trifluoride complex. Electric double layer capacitors having a high electrode density and a high electrostatic capacity per unit volume can be constructed using the carbon material.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a carbon material for electrodes which can be used for constructing electric double layer capacitors having a high electrode density and a high electrostatic capacity per unit volume.
2. Description of the Prior Art
An electric double layer capacitor (referred to as EDLC, hereinafter) is a condenser, i.e., a device for storing electricity, utilizing a double layer formed at the interface of a solid and a liquid. The structure comprises a pair of polarizing electrodes disposed on both sides of a separator, a case for containing the electrodes, an electrolytic liquid and a current collector.
As the material for the polarizing electrode, in general, active carbon having a large specific surface area is used. Examples of such active carbon include active carbons prepared from coconut shell, petroleum pitch and polyacrylonitrile. In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Heisei 9(1997)-320906, active carbons prepared from PVC and tar are described as organic materials which can be easily converted into graphite. In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Heisei 11 (1999)-293527, an electric double layer capacitor using carbon fiber derived from an optically isotropic pitch as the electrode material is described.
As for the electrolytic liquid, for example, an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid or an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide is used as the aqueous electrolytic liquid and an electrolytic liquid of an organic solvent such as propylene carbonate in which an electrolyte such as lithium perchlorate or a quaternary ammonium salt is dissolved is used as the non-aqueous electrolytic liquid.
In preparation of the active carbon, in general, an activation process with a gas such as water vapor or carbon dioxide is conducted. To obtain an active carbon having a large specific surface area, it is necessary that the degree of activation be increased. However, the above process has a problem in that, since fine pores are formed by the reaction between the carbon material and water vapor or carbon dioxide which consumes carbon, an increase in the degree of activation results in a decrease in the yield and a decrease in the bulk density. The density of the electrode material cannot be increased, either.
The activation can also be achieved by using an alkali metal (referred to as the alkali activation, hereinafter). An active carbon having a large specific surface area and a high bulk density can be obtained at a high yield in accordance with the alkali activation since the activation proceeds in accordance with a mechanism in which carbon is not much consumed.
Since the electrostatic capacity per unit volume of EDLC can be improved by increasing the bulk density of the electrode material, it is considered that the alkali activation is the process suited for production of a carbon material for EDLC electrodes. However, the fine structure and the distribution of pores in the obtained active carbon are markedly different depending on the starting material and the condition of the heat treatment and the properties of EDLC are affected by these factors to a great degree. Therefore, it is very important that the starting material and the condition of the heat treatment are suitably selected.

Carbon material for electric double layer capacitor electrodes


A low visibility interior armor construction for a door of an automotive icle is removably installed in the vehicle without structural change to the vehicle. The construction has a door panel armor component facing an inboard side of the door and a compressible pad between the inboard side of the door and the armor component. The armor component has hooks by which it hangs on the door. The armor component is tightened to the door by tensionable straps connected between the door and the armor component. The construction also has a plate of window armor alongside the door's window frame and a transparent frame forms a channel about a periphery of the plate. The frame is comprised of continuous polygonal bands forming side walls of the channel. Beds of the channel are recessed between the polygonal bands such that the transparent frame defines a continuous surface facing outboard of the vehicle. A transparent flange connects the door armor component to the transparent frame. A bracket fixed to the transparent frame has a bracket flange which lies in a channel of the door's window frame, the bracket flange being inserted between a pane of door window glass and a portion of a gasket in the door window channel.

Our invention relates to interior armor for vehicles and relates particularly to vehicles that carry passengers. Many armored vehicles are standard production vehicles specially modified to accept armor panels. Such vehicles are typically changed so drastically that they can not be adapted for normal use, even if armor components are removed. Also, many armored cargo and passenger vehicles are conspicuous because of their unusual character. Yet for security reasons it is often better for an armored vehicle be hard to distinguish from normal vehicles.
Our invention is a low visibility interior armor construction that can be retrofitted onto production passenger vehicles and thereafter removed, leaving the vehicles in their original configuration. That is, the vehicles' components undergo no permanent deformation or structural change when the armor construction is installed or removed. Our interior armor construction is most typically used for a vehicle door but can be for other panels of an automotive vehicle.
Our armor construction modifies a pre-existing structure comprised of a door panel armor component facing an inboard side of the door and a compressible pad that lies between the inboard side of the door and the armor component. The armor component has hooks by which it hangs on the door. The armor component is tightened to the door by tensionable straps connected between the door and the armor component.
Our construction adds a plate of window armor opposed alongside the door's window frame, and adds a transparent frame which forms a peripheral channel about the plate. A transparent flange is connected between the transparent frame and the door armor component. The frame has continuous polygonal bands forming side walls of the peripheral channel. Beds of the channel are between the polygonal bands and are flush with the bands, so that the transparent frame defines a continuous surface facing outboard of the vehicle. A bracket fixed to the transparent frame has a bracket flange extending into the channel of the door's window frame, the bracket flange being inserted between a pane of door window glass and a portion of a gasket in the window channel.

Low visibility armor structure with add-on window armor component

United Stated of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army


A preview apparatus in a single lens reflex camera is provided in which a mirror drive mechanism, a diaphragm drive mechanism, and a shutter are driven in association with the rotation of a single-revolution cam gear which is driven by a motor. When the release switch is turned ON, the one-turn cam gear is rotated by single-revolution in the forward direction, and when an external preview switch is turned ON, the preview operation is carried out by the reverse rotation of the single-revolution cam gear within a predetermined angle range in which the stop-down operation takes place without causing an upward movement of the mirror.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a preview apparatus (for confirming the depth of field) in a single lens reflex camera.
2. Description of the Related Art
A preview apparatus in a single lens reflex camera, in which the diaphragm (aperture-stop) is mechanically and manually controlled using a preview lever (manual lever) by a photographer is well known. In general, the diaphragm is continuously biased with a relatively large biasing force into a full open position. Therefore, it is necessary for a photographer use a large force in order to actuate the preview lever against the biasing force. It is difficult or the photographer to maintain the diaphragm in a stop-down position for a long period of time. A retainer mechanism to retain the diaphragm in the stop-down position is also well known. However, the photographer has to go to the trouble of setting and resetting the retainer mechanism each time.
To solve this, the assignee of the present application has proposed a motor-driven preview apparatus using a motor which is adapted to move a mirror and which is actuated by an electric switch (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2-77045 or U.S. Pat. No. 5,257,052 corresponding thereto). In this preview apparatus, a mirror driving motor and a one-turn cam gear associated with the motor are provided, so that when the cam gear rotates in the forward direction, the preview operation and the release operation are sequentially carried out. When the preview switch is turned ON, the motor is rotated in the forward direction. Consequently, the stop-down operation is completed by the diaphragm drive mechanism which is associated with the motor, prior to the upward movement of the mirror. When the diaphragm is stopped-down at a predetermined position, the motor is stopped, so that the depth of field can be confirmed through the view finder. When the preview switch is turned OFF, the motor is reversed to reset the diaphragm.
With this structure, in general, the upward movement of the mirror begins after the stop-down operation of the diaphragm is completed upon releasing, and hence there is a considerable time lag between the operation of the release button and the movement of the shutter.
In an object of the present invention to provide a simple preview apparatus in a single lens reflex camera in which the preview operation is carried out by a motor which is driven in accordance with the operation of an electrical switch member, wherein there is little time lag between the operation of the release button and the movement of the shutter, upon normal releasing.

Preview apparatus in single lens reflex camera


A transportable and size-adjustable ripening apparatus for controlled ripening of produce includes a chamber defined by a ceiling, a floor, and walls connecting the ceiling and the floor. The chamber is configured to receive a row of boxed produce that defines an interstitial volume with one of the walls to create a low-pressure plenum. The ripening apparatus also includes an air flow control system for transferring air between a high pressure plenum and the low pressure plenum, and which controls the temperature of the transferred air. The plena are generally enclosed to inhibit airflow therebetween except for airflow through the air control system and through openings in the produce boxes. The air control system includes one system for controlling the flow of air through a refrigeration unit, and another system for circulating air without refrigeration. The invention is preferably constructed from an existing ISO (International Standards Organization) container. The container may be mounted on a chassis with wheels, to thereby be transportable.

Bananas and other fresh produce are typically transported from growing fields to a processing facility where they are placed in specially designed ripening rooms within a building. These ripening rooms are provided with insulated, gas-tight wall and roof panels and include an air handling unit to control the circulation and temperature of the air within the ripening room. In this manner, the ripening of the fresh produce is controlled in accordance with a predetermined ripening schedule so that the fruit is properly ripened at the time it is scheduled for delivery to retail outlets. Ethylene gas may be dispersed into the ripening room at preselected times to enable further control of the ripening of the produce. The use of ripening rooms thereby facilitates the later delivery of produce to retail outlets without the constraint of having to schedule delivery in accordance with the natural ripening process of the fruit. Use of ripening rooms also further obviates problems associated with accelerations and decelerations of the ripening process due to changing conditions during the transportation of the produce.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,824,685 and 5,373,780 disclose ripening rooms in which the produce is packed into unitized shipping modules including individual protective boxes that are block-stacked on pallets. The palletized produce is placed into ripening rooms having a floor, ceiling and front, rear and side walls of suitable dimensions to enclose two spaced rows of the palletized produce. The two rows are spaced apart from one another to define an interstitial volume between the rows. Sufficient spacing is also provided between the palletized produce and the ceiling and walls of the chamber to define an airspace around and above the produce.
In the patents described above, a tarp is placed over the top and one end of the spacing between the two rows of palletized produce to generally seal off the interstitial volume from the airspace around and above the produce. Exhaust fans are arranged in a sealed relation at the opposite end of the spacing between the rows to withdraw air from the interstitial volume and thereby create a pressure differential between the tarp-sealed interstitial volume and the airspace above and around the produce. Air is introduced into the airspace by an air handling unit. The air is forced by the pressure differential between the airspace and the low pressure interstitial volume to flow through openings in the sides of the boxes, circulate around the produce contained therein, and flow into the low pressure interstitial volume to be exhausted by the fans. In this manner, a forced air circulation flows throughout the produce load in the chamber. The temperature and flow rate of the air introduced into the chamber by the air handling unit can be varied to control the ripening rate of the produce.

Transportable and size-adjustable apparatus with multiple air flow control units for ripening of fresh produce


Example methods, apparatus, systems to perform context-based image recognition for consumer market research are disclosed. Disclosed example methods include comparing a first subset of feature points in a first region of interest of a reference image with a first subset of feature points of a first image residing within a first region corresponding spatially to the first region of interest and located at a first location in the first image to determine a first match value. Disclosed example methods also include, in response to determining the first match value satisfies a first threshold, comparing a second subset of feature points in a second region of interest of the reference image with a second subset of the feature points of the first image residing within a second region of the first image corresponding spatially to the second region of interest to determine a second match value.

Image recognition may be used to identify consumer packaged goods for a variety of purposes. For example, when performing an in-store shelf audit, a market research firm may use image recognition to identify the products displayed on store shelves. As another example, a merchant may offer an image recognition application to consumers to facilitate comparison shopping.

Context-based image recognition for consumer market research


A domestic robotic system that includes a robot, which is programmed to move within a working area defined by a boundary and has boundary distance sensors that enable it to estimate the current distance from the boundary; the robot is programmed to move across the working area and, secondly, so that when the boundary distance sensors indicate that the robot is a distance X away from the boundary and is approaching the boundary, the robot begins performing a gradual turn; this gradual turn is such that: the robot progressively changes direction while continuing to move across said working area; and the robot transitions from approaching the boundary to receding from the boundary; the robot is also programmed to calculate a path for the gradual turn such that, during the gradual turn, the robot approaches the boundary to a predetermined closest distance before receding from the boundary.

Area coverage by robotic appliances is used in a growing number of applications, such as robotic lawn mowers, robotic vacuum cleaners, robotic window cleaners, robotic painting and the like. In such applications the robot is moving within a working area defined by a boundary, detectable by the robot sensors (such as tactile, optical, electromagnetic sensors etc.) and carries a payload (which may include one or more cutting blades, vacuuming nozzles, rotating brushes, painting brushes etc., depending on the function that the payload is intended to provide) across the entire area until adequately covered. There are various strategies of area coverage, such as random and systematic coverage and various paths of movement used for the actual scanning such as straight lines (either parallel or with varying directions), spirals etc.
An important part of the scanning is the borders handling: the movement the robot performs when the boundary is detected. Commonly used strategies include stopping the robot once the boundary is detected, and then to either turn to a different direction and move forwards in that direction, or to reverse along the original direction. All these strategies are time consuming and, in fact, the total time spent on the boundary handling in some applications may take on average about 10-15% of the total scanning time.

Domestic robotic system and robot therefor


An arrangement including a connection part provided with a slot and a part having one end provided with at least one guide eye for guiding at least one electrical wire, which end can be displaced along a wire-holding slot, the eye being situated beyond an inlet of the slot in an insertion position, in which it is possible to place a wire passing through the eye in front of the inlet of the slot, the eye otherwise being placed at a zone determined by the edges of the slot in another position. The arrangement includes a guide part having a loop spring resiliently returning the end that carries the eye to the wire-holding position by displacing it along the slot. The arrangement is designed to equip electrical equipment modules to which electrical wires are connected in permanent manner.

Document FR-A-2 447 620 describes a plurality of electrical wire connection arrangements combining a connection part having a wire-holding slot with a guide part, referred to as an "actuating member", provided with guideways constituted by holes in alignment suitable for receiving a wire. Each actuating member can be displaced along an insulation-displacement and wire-holding slot between two end positions under the effect of external action exerted, for example, by means of a tool shank, such as the shank of a screwdriver, and/or under drive from a spring. Once an actuating member has been displaced into one of its end positions, it is possible to insert a wire, the wire having been positioned in the guideways constituted by aligned holes, in front of an inlet of the holding slot in a position that facilitates insertion of the wire between the edges of the slot. The wire can then be brought by the actuating member between the edges of the slot into a holding zone, after optionally having been subjected to insulation displacement at the inlet of the slot to displace locally an insulating covering that covers its conductive core. The actuating member can then be displaced into the second end position in which the wire remains held via its core which is nipped between the slot edges.
Other connection arrangements, each of which comprises at least one connection part provided with a slot and co-operating with a wire guide part that is mounted to move in translation, the resulting assembly being received in a modular housing and being driveable from outside the housing by means of a tool shank, are known as shown in particular by Document FR-A-2 516 711.
Such an arrangement suffers from the drawback of requiring a relatively large volume in which to house each guide part so as to enable it to be displaced, and also to house the spring in the case of the first above-mentioned document. It is also known, in particular from Document DE-A-2 706 482, that a module, in particular of the terminal block type, can include connection arrangements without guide parts having connection parts formed by looped-over blade springs. Such a spring is placed on a conductive strip and a first end of the spring projects beyond the strip and penetrates into an eye provided in the other end, while bearing against the far edge of the eye because of the resilience of the spring. It is possible to move the first end away from that edge of the eye against which it bears by pressing externally on a curved portion that participates in looping over the spring. A conductive core of a wire to be connected can then be inserted between that edge of the eye against which the wire bears and said first end of the spring, and the wire can then be held by the connection part as soon as the external thrust exerted on the spring is removed.

Loop spring activated wire holding connector


A dual polarization antenna for use on an aircraft, preferably a helicopter or the like, permits practical and reliable high frequency radio communications in a severe non line of sight, nap of the earth flight environment. The antenna comprises both a horizontally polarized component and a vertically polarized component. The horizontally and vertically polarized components are formed of an integral element, which has a bend therein so that the two components have an angular orientation with respect to one another. The horizontally polarized component is oriented in a generally horizontal direction and the vertically polarized component is oriented in a generally vertical direction. Ideally, the horizontally and vertically polarized components are oriented as orthogonally to one another as possible, depending upon the airframe application.

This invention relates to antennas, and more particularly to a dual polarization antenna specifically adapted to provide better communications in a helicopter environment.
High frequency (HF) radio systems (radios that operate between 2 and 30 mhz) have been used on helicopters and fixed wing aircraft for many years. The non-line-of-sight (NLOS) capabilities of the HF band are well known. It is also known that some HF propagation modes are extremely frequency dependant, requiring that the radio operator have an intuitive knowledge of the usable frequencies for a particular time of day. Often the radio operator must place calls on several frequencies before clear communication can be established. At times, communications may not be possible. This level of operator control renders the traditional HF radio system unusable in the combat helicopter environment. Most combat helicopters are therefore currently equipped with line-of-sight (LOS) radios only. However, many missions require them to employ nap of the earth (NOE) flight profiles in which current radio systems are not effective.
High frequency automatic link establishment (ALE) radio systems, such as the HF-9000 radio system manufactured by Rockwell/Collins, Inc., automate the operation of the traditional HF radio system, and render possible the employment of HF radio systems in combat helicopters. In such a system, the pilot establishes communication by placing a call to the desired party. This is easily accomplished by selecting the address of the party to call and keying the microphone. Operator knowledge of the proper frequency to use is not necessary for radio operation. The radio system chooses the best frequency for communication and automatically establishes a link with the desired contact. The pilot is notified when the link is established and can at that point communicate as with any other radio system. It is this automated capability that makes an HF radio system a practical solution for combat helicopters flying NOE NLOS flight profiles. The optimum frequency selection is based on the analysis of prior transmissions from the desired contact. If the database of prior transmissions is unavailable, the system automatically attempts communications on all available frequencies until communications success is achieved.
The theory behind HF propagation has been well understood for many years. In general, there are four primary propagation paths supported by the HF band that can allow NLOS NOE communications. The most commonly used propagation path in the HF band is skywave. Skywave propagation, by using ionospheric reflections or ionospheric scattering, can allow communications ranges exceeding several thousand miles. Near Vertical Incident Skywave (NVIS) is essentially high critical angle skywave propagation and can support communications to 300 km. Lastly, the ground wave propagation surface wave component can support communications to 40 or 50 km and the line-of-sight component can support communications to several hundred km depending on aircraft height. FIG. 1 illustrates the various HF propagation paths. Each of these primary propagation paths have variables involved that can drastically affect communications range and include multiple secondary propagation effects that at times are useful for communications.
The past approach employed in severe non-line-of-sight environments was to rely on NVIS propagation to reflect electromagnetic waves off of the ionosphere. The antennas used for this function were generally horizontal in nature in that they were mounted on helicopters along the tail boom. This horizontal orientation was necessary to couple the energy reflected off of the ionosphere into the antenna. The problem with NVIS propagation is reliability. The reliability is a function of the ionospheric electron density which in turn is a function of the amount of solar radiation from the sun. As a result, the NVIS communications reliability is often poor at night when the sun has set.
What is needed, therefore, is an antenna system which complements NVIS propagation with ground wave propagation to increase the communications reliability in an aircraft severe non-line-of-sight environment.


Provided are a pixel circuit and a display device which support multi-gradation display and can prevent display quality from deteriorating with low power consumption. A pixel circuit (3) includes a first switch circuit (22) provided between a pixel node Np of a display element unit (21) and a data signal line SL, and a memory circuit (23) which restores the pixel node to an initial voltage state, based on a hold voltage stored in a storage node Nm. The memory circuit (23) includes a transistor T1 having a gate electrode connected to the storage node Nm, and a source electrode connected to the pixel node Np; a second switch circuit (24) which controls a conducting state between a drain electrode of the transistor T1 and a voltage supply line VSL, in response to a signal level of a first control signal line SWL; a third switch circuit (25) which controls a conducting state between the drain electrode and the gate electrode of the transistor T1, in response to a signal level of a second control signal line CSL; and a capacitor element Cst provided between the storage node Nm and the voltage supply line VSL.

FIG. 17 shows an equivalent circuit of a pixel circuit of a typical active matrix liquid crystal display device. In addition, FIG. 18 shows a circuit arrangement example of an active matrix liquid crystal display device having m×n pixels. As shown in FIG. 18, a switch element composed of a thin film transistor (TFT) is provided in each of intersecting points of m source lines (data signal lines) and n scanning lines (scanning signal lines), and as shown in FIG. 17, a liquid crystal element LC and a retention capacitor Cs are connected in parallel through the TFT. The liquid crystal element LC is constituted by a laminated structure having a liquid crystal layer between a pixel electrode and an opposed electrode (common electrode). In addition, FIG. 18 shows the simplified pixel circuit only with the TFT and the pixel electrode (black rectangular section). The retention capacitor Cs has one end connected to the pixel electrode, and the other end connected to a capacity line CSL and stabilizes a voltage of pixel data held in the pixel electrode. The retention capacitor Cs prevents a voltage of the pixel data held in the pixel electrode from fluctuating due to a leak current of the TFT, a fluctuation of electric capacity of the liquid crystal element LC between a black display and a white display due to dielectric constant anisotropy of a liquid crystal molecule, and a voltage fluctuation caused through parasitic capacity between the pixel electrode and a peripheral wiring. By sequentially controlling the voltages of the scanning lines, the TFT connected to the one scanning line is set to a conducting state, and the voltage of the pixel data supplied to each source line is written in the corresponding pixel electrode by the scanning line.
In a normal display mode provided in a full-color display, even when display contents are composed of still images, the same display contents are repeatedly written in the same pixel while a polarity of a voltage applied to the liquid crystal element LC is reversed every one frame, so that the voltage of the pixel data held in the pixel electrode is updated, and a voltage fluctuation of the pixel data can be minimized. As a result, high-quality display of the still image can be realized.
Power consumption to drive the liquid crystal display device is dominated by power consumption to drive a source line by a source driver, and can be roughly expressed by a relational expression shown in the following formula 1. In the formula 1, P represents a power consumption, f represents a refresh rate (the number of refresh operations for one frame per unit time), C represent a load capacity driven by the source driver, V represents a drive voltage of the source driver, n represents the number of scanning lines, and m represents the number of source lines. In addition, the refresh operation means an operation to reset a fluctuation generated in the voltage (absolute value), which corresponds to the pixel data and is applied to the liquid crystal element LC, by writing the pixel data again, and restore it to an initial voltage state corresponding to the pixel data.P∝f·C·V2·n·m  (Formula 1)
Recently, along with the widespread of digital contents (such as an advertisement, news, and electronic books) associated with the progress of telecommunications infrastructure, the still image is required to be constantly displayed (a constant display mode), in an image display of the digital contents in a mobile terminal device such as a cell phone, or a mobile internet device (MID). The mobile terminal device which displays the digital contents uses a liquid crystal display device which is low in power consumption, but a time spent displaying the still image accounts for most of the operating time of the device, so that it is further required to reduce the power consumption while the still image is constantly displayed.
When the still image is constantly displayed, it is not always necessary to update the voltage of the pixel data every one frame because the display contents are composed of the still image. Therefore, in order to further reduce the power consumption of the liquid crystal display device, there has been an attempt to reduce a refresh frequency at the time of constantly displaying the still image. However, when the refresh frequency is reduced, the pixel data voltage held in the pixel electrode fluctuates due to the leak current of the TFT, or the like. Furthermore, an average potential during each frame period is also reduced, so that the voltage fluctuation leads to a fluctuation in display brightness of the pixel (transmittance of liquid crystal), and this is observed as a flicker. In addition, deterioration in display quality such that a sufficient contrast cannot be obtained could be caused.
Here, as a method of solving the problem that the display quality deteriorates due to the reduction in refresh frequency when the still image is constantly displayed, a configuration is disclosed in the following patent document 1. According to the configuration disclosed in the patent document 1, as shown in FIG. 19, a voltage reduction compensation circuit VLC is provided in the pixel circuit shown in FIG. 17, so that the reduction in pixel data voltage held in the pixel electrode can be collectively and automatically compensated with respect to each gradation for each pixel in the pixel circuit, without depending on an external refresh operation in which the source line and the scanning line are driven to externally write the pixel data voltage again. Thus, the refresh frequency can be reduced at the time of the constant display mode while the display quality is maintained, and in addition, the source line and the scanning line are kept in a halted state without being driven, so that the power consumption of a liquid crystal display panel can be considerably reduced.


The livestock feeder encompasses a round bale of hay horizontally. Exposing only the flat ends to feeding livestock. The feeder shelters hay while it remains accessible to all sizes of livestock. In the preferred embodiment the invention is a molded unitary plastic shell. Being circular in shape having symmetrically open ends acting as a rigid sleeve to receive the roll of forage until entirely consumed.

Round bale feeding devices are well known in the art. Whether vertical or horizontal, the significant dilemma is loss of nourishment caused by weather damage. Diminished feed quality and increased parasite infestations cause ill health especially in equines which until recently were not given round bales for these reasons.
U.S. Pat. No. 310,261 issued on Jan. 21, 1885 to Downing discloses a very efficient means to provide free choice forage to any livestock. However, there is no preservation of hay from spoiling weather.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,851,624 issued Oct. 9, 1973 to Leonard R. Peak discloses a ring that is tipped over the hay which is placed on the ground. While beneficial to feeding large herds, problems prevail. No common livestock can reach center therefore the ring is moved about by larger animals When the bale diminishes. The difficulty is compounded by the mud, which increases with each feeding. Unhealthful conditions associated with feeding directly from the ground are apparent.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,020,794 issued on Aug. 27, 1975 to Verlin Nethory discloses a hay feeder, which provides a substantial roof and floor for hay preservation however only small rectangular shaped or square baled hay is acceptable. In practicality a large structure is cost prohibitive and is in no wise suitable for large round bales.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,386,800 issued on Jun. 17, 1994 to Henry T. Pirok discloses a feeder that makes hay accessible as it diminishes including making the flat ends accessible and providing a box, which decreases hay falling to the ground. Though hay is protected from soil and manure, there is no preservation from inclimate weather.
As can be seen in the prior art a feeding device that provides access to hay for all sizes of livestock while preserving quality is not found. None of the above patents, taken either singly or in combination is seen to describe the instant invention as claimed.
In the interest of nourishing valuable livestock and conserving resources, the present invention provides these advantages. The instant invention offers all types of livestock a natural position of feeding and does not seek to restrict feeding but to induce forage intake. However, conservation is greatly achieved because feeding is limited to the ends of a round bale inward. Round hay shells off or unwraps from around the sides, falling to be wasted when other wise fed.
In the preferred embodiment the feeder is a tunnel in which the round bale is inserted therefore exposing only the flat ends for feeding. Livestock comfortably enter into the tunnel far enough to consume the forage.


An apparatus includes a frame with a pivot axis defined thereupon; a drive wheel coupled to the frame; a first and a second foot link operably coupled to the drive wheel to transfer power to the drive wheel so as to propel the apparatus, each including a foot receiving portion for receiving an operator's foot, a front end, and a rear end; and a pair of internal guide track systems coupled to the frame, each internal guide track system being operative to engage the front end of each foot link internal to the internal guide track system and to direct the front end along a reciprocating path of travel while providing retention to each foot link.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to elliptical bikes, and particularly to guide tracks and features for elliptical bikes.
2. Related Art
U.S. Published Application 2008/0116655, which is incorporated by reference herein, discloses a self-propelled vehicle propelled by an elliptical drive train (hereinafter referred to as "elliptical bicycle"). In an elliptical bicycle, a user's feet are placed in foot platforms and the user strides forward and rearward, which though a variety of mechanical mechanisms, causes a rear wheel to rotate to propel the elliptical bicycle. The foot platforms, at a front end, are connected via foot links to respective load wheels that reciprocate along guide tracks of the bicycle frame. The load wheels must be secured to the guide tracks while also allowing relative reciprocating movement between the load wheels and the guide tracks/frame. In the past, additional coupling mechanisms have been provided to keep the load wheels on the guide tracks/frame; however, during some operations of the elliptical bicycle (e.g. when going over bumps), the load wheels may uncouple from the guide tracks/frame. Another problem that occurs is fast wear on the drive wheels and/or support surface of the guide tracks.

Interlocking guide tracks for elliptical bike and method of use


Disclosed are a composite which can be used as an electrode active material for a secondary battery, and the secondary battery comprising the same. The composite includes: a first material selected from the group consisting of metals and metalloids capable of being reversibly alloyed with lithium; a second material selected from the group consisting of metals incapable of being alloyed with lithium, compounds containing the metals, and compounds containing metals or metalloids capable of being irreversibly alloyed with lithium; and a third material which is at least one kind of metal having a higher electrical conductivity than the second material, wherein a content of the third material ranges from 10 to 10,000 ppm based on the total weight of the composite.

There has been recently increasing interest in energy storage technology. As electrochemical devices have been widely used as energy sources in portable phones, camcorders, notebook PCs and electric cars, an effort on research and development of the electrochemical devices has been gradually actualized. In this regard, electrochemical devices are the subject of great interest. Particularly, development of rechargeable secondary batteries has been the focus of attention. Also, in developing such batteries, research on the design of a novel electrode and battery has been recently conducted in order to improve capacity density and specific energy.
Among the currently used secondary batteries, lithium secondary batteries, developed in early 1990's, are spotlighted because they generally have a high operating voltage and a considerably high energy density, compared to conventional batteries using aqueous electrolytes (such as Ni-MH batteries, Ni—Cd batteries, H2SO4—Pb batteries, etc.).
A lithium secondary battery is generally manufactured by employing materials capable of intercalating/deintercalating lithium ions as a cathode and an anode, and filling an organic electrolyte or a polymer electrolyte between the cathode and the anode. A lithium secondary battery generates electrical energy by an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction when the lithium ions are intercalated and deintercalated from the cathode and the anode.
At present, as an electrode active material constituting the anode of the lithium secondary battery, a carbonaceous material is mainly used. However, in order to further improve the capacity of the lithium secondary battery, it is necessary to use a high capacity electrode active material.
In order to satisfy this requirement, for example, some metals (such as Si, Sn, or the like) which show a higher charge/discharge capacity than the carbonaceous material and can be electrochemically alloyed with lithium may be used as an electrode active material. However, such a metal-based electrode active material is subjected to a significant volume change according to the charge/discharge of lithium so that the metal-based electrode active material is cracked and pulverized. Thus, a secondary battery using such a metal-based electrode active material has problems, such as a sudden reduction in a capacity, and a reduction in a cycle life, as a charge/discharge cycle is repeated.
Accordingly, in order to complement cracks and pulverization occurring during use of the metal-based electrode active material, there has been suggested the use of a composite including a metal, such as Si, Sn, or the like, and oxide thereof as an electrode active material. However, the electrode active material employing the composite shows a high life characteristic and a high thickness controlling capability due to the metal oxide inhibiting cracks and pulverization of a metal, compared to the above mentioned metal-based electrode active material, while the improved extent is not much higher than expected.

Composite for electrode active material and secondary battery comprising the same


A method for making high softening point linear and cyclic alkylsilicone waxes includes reacting a C30+ alpha olefin wax with a silicone hydride polymer in the presence of a catalyst. The high softening point linear and cyclic alkylsilicone waxes have softening points approximating those of natural waxes and, in consequence, can be used in applications which traditionally employ natural waxes.

The invention relates generally to waxes, and, in particular, to synthetic waxes.
Natural waxes, such as for example Candelilla and Carnauba wax, have long been employed in cosmetic products such as lipstick and polish formulations for leather goods, furniture, and automotive applications. Other applications for natural waxes include, for example, electric insulating compositions, carbon paper and paint removers, inks, wood finishes and a variety of industrial coatings.
With respect to polishing formulations, the main attribute of natural waxes which has accounted for their use, to the exclusion of synthetic waxes, is their high softening point or temperature. As used herein, the phrase "softening point" or "softening temperature" is understood to mean the temperature at which a given wax first begins to soften or melt on a surface. In polishing formulations, and in particular automotive polishes, the ability to withstand high temperature is critical to consumer acceptance. Failure to do so leaves the polished surface susceptible to visual imperfections such as fingerprints and various marks left by objects, such as leaves and dirt, impacting the polished surface.
Despite their high softening temperatures, there are disadvantages to the use of natural waxes in the previously mentioned applications. The production of natural waxes depends on the success of the crop for a particular season, and in consequence, natural waxes are susceptible to wide price fluctuations.
Natural waxes also suffer from the inability to maintain consistency in their chemical composition and/or their physical or rheological properties. This lack of consistency is attributable to the fact that natural waxes are harvested from a variety of farms. Even with a natural wax harvested from the same farm, year to year variations can contribute to a difference in softening temperature being as large as 5° F. These fluctuations often lead to a lack of uniform performance characteristics in the products which utilize the natural waxes.
In order to overcome this problem, natural wax producers will purchase the wax from a number of different farmers and blend the waxes from the disparate sources in order to achieve uniform physical and chemical characteristics, the two most important characteristics being the softening point and the melt viscosity. This blending procedure is in large part dictated by trial and error and is labor intensive, resulting in increased costs, which are subsequently passed onto the natural wax purchasers.
Heretofore, attempts have been made to produce a synthetic wax having a softening temperature approximating the softening temperature of natural waxes. These attempts have been largely unsuccessful. The currently available synthetic waxes that do approximate the softening point of natural waxes do not exhibit other physical and chemical characteristics required by the end use applications, such as, for example, its ability to be formulated, or to buffed to produce a high gloss.
Therefore, there exists a need for a synthetic wax having a softening point which approximates, or exceeds, those of natural waxes, is consistent in its physical and chemical properties and exhibits those characteristics mandated by the end use applications, such as, for example, automotive polishes or cosmetic products.

High softening temperature synthetic alkylsilicone wax


The invention relates to systems and methods of providing in-view and out-of-view request-related result regions for respective result categories. The system may facilitate result presentation by providing, in response to a user request, at least one region that is designated to initially be in-view and at least one region that is designated to initially be out-of-view where: (i) the initial in-view region comprises one or more results related to the user request and a first category; and (ii) the initial out-of-view region comprises one or more results related to the user request and the second category. A result related to a category may comprise a result related to a specific topic, a result of a specific type, a result from a specific source, or other result. A user request may comprise a query, a command, or other user request.

Viewing and navigating request-related results may be a cumbersome for a user. For example, if a user wishes to view and navigate request-related results across disparate information sources, the user typically has to obtain request-related results from each information source, and select results of interest from among different the request-related results. The process can become even more cumbersome as the number of information sources from which request-related results are obtained increase. Furthermore, users may prefer to view some results over others, or may trust or otherwise wish to view results from certain information sources over others. These and other drawbacks exist.

In-view and out-of-view request-related result regions for respective result categories


A memory paging method and apparatus using a memory paging register and a memory paging mask register. The invention has particular application in the partition of memory used by more than one software application program. The bits of the memory paging mask register selectably disable bits of the memory paging register to redefine the length and physical characteristics of pages in memory based on the needs of a software program. As a result, the paged partitions in memory may be of variable length and/or may comprise non-contiguous portions of the memory.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to the partitioning of memory. More particularly, it relates to an efficient and flexible paging technique for memory.
2. Background of Related Art
Large blocks of data memory are often used by more than one operating software program and/or by more than one running copy of the same program. Conventionally, the data memory is partitioned to allow the separate programs to use separate portions of the memory.
For instance, when running multiple programs (or sessions) of an application such as a modem on a digital signal processor (DSP), the data memory space is conventionally partitioned among the various program sessions. In this way, each independent program session will independently access a unique portion of the data memory space.
Two conventional techniques are known for partitioning data memory among multiple operating programs: fixed length paging and memory address offset.
Fixed length paging partitions the entire data memory into equal length blocks of memory, typically in lengths equal to a power of 2 (e.g., 8 K, 16 K, 32 K, etc.). According to known paging techniques, a number of the most significant bits p of the accessing address (e.g., from a processor) are replaced by a page number stored in a register pre-written by the software application. In this case, the page number is related to a separated data buffer, and the non-changed (i.e., the least significant) bits of the accessing address a represent addressing within the selected page or data buffer inside the buffer.
FIG. 9 shows a conventional data memory 650 partitioned into four pages 600-603. Each of the four pages 600-603 has an equal length. For instance, if the total data memory space is 64 K, then each page 600-603 is 16 K in length.
Fixed memory paging is fast because address bits from the page number register and processor are merely combined (not added), but is limited because the page lengths are fixed throughout the total length of the data memory. Thus, only 2p pages (or data buffers) can be partitioned in data memory, each having a fixed length 2a, wherein the superscript p refers to the number of most significant bits p of the accessing address (e.g., from a processor) which are replaced by a page number stored in a register pre-written by the software application, and the superscript a refers to the number of least significant address bits from the processor used for addressing purposes. Because of the fixed length nature of the pages or data buffers, unused portions of the pages of the data memory are unusable by other programs and thus wasted.
A more efficient conventional technique for partitioning data memory is memory address offset. Memory address offset schemes use a memory offset value and an address adder which adds a pre-written memory offset value to each data memory access address.
Memory address offset is shown in FIG. 10. The data memory 650 is partitioned into variable length portions by offset values 701-705, forming, e.g., six data buffers 710-715 in the disclosed example. The offset values 701-705 may have any value within the range of the data memory.
Memory address offset techniques are very flexible because the data buffers 710-715 may be any length. However, the process of adding the relevant one of the address offset values 701-705 to every data memory address access to the data memory 650 significantly slows down the memory access time because the offset is added xe2x80x9con-the-flyxe2x80x9d to each data memory address. Thus, the actual access to the data memory is delayed with respect to the original data memory address. This delay is related to the size of the adder and can be, e.g., up to 10 nanoseconds (nS) for 0.35 micrometer (xcexcm) technology.
There is a need to improve the partitioning of data memory in a way which makes efficient use of the available data memory space and which does not increase access time to the data memory.
In accordance with the principles of the present invention, a memory partitioning module comprises a memory paging register to partition a memory into a plurality of partitions. A memory paging mask register is adapted to disable at least one bit in the memory paging register.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a memory partitioning module comprises a memory paging register adapted to define a plurality of memory pages in a memory. A memory paging mask register combines at least two of the memory pages to effectively create a larger memory page.
A method of partitioning memory in accordance with the principles of the present invention partitions a block of memory into a plurality of equal length pages. A subplurality of the equal length pages are combined to provide a plurality of unequal length data buffers in the block of memory.

System for flexible memory paging in partitioning memory


This invention relates to a vertically aligned mesoporous silicate film with site-selective metal deposition from a single polymeric precursor and to diverse catalytic applications thereof. There is an innovative approach of a single precursor to manufacture a vertically aligned mesoporous silicate thin film having high thermal and chemical resistance on a large-area silicon wafer (2 cm×3 cm). A precisely designed organic-inorganic block copolymer (BCP) polyethyleneoxide-ss-polyvinylcyclicsilazane (PEO-ss-PVCSZ) with a disulfide bridge that is chemically cleavable is newly synthesized as the single precursor for an oriented silicate nanoporous film, and using such a precursor, solvent annealing, self-assembling, block cleaving treatment, and then hydrolysis conversion of a polymer into a siliceous phase at room temperature are carried out, thus directly forming a mesostructure on the substrate.

Compared to unstable organic mesostructured materials, 3D inorganic materials at the nano-scale may be sculpted by the cooperative interactions of large organic molecules and soluble inorganic precursors, which give birth to a variety of durable mesostructured materials. In particular, silica, silicate and metal oxide are mesostructured materials which have been researched widely via various sol-gel chemical processes. Silica-based mesostructures are typically granular or powder types of products that have been synthesized from the co-assembly of binary organic-inorganic mixtures such as tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), structural directing agents such as surfactants, and amphiphilic block copolymer (BCP). Serial processes of solvent evaporation, subsequent treatment such as surface reconstruction, calcination, and in some cases thermal & high pressure treatment, always involve severe volume shrinkage.
Hence, one of the critical issues in silica-based mesostructures is orientation of pores and morphology in a continuous thin film on substrates. However, the pores aligned along the substrate plane are less suitable for the easy accessibility of analytes into the substrate which is necessary for separation and catalytic applications. Thus, many material scientists have endeavored to manufacture vertically oriented hexagonal mesoporous thin films because of their tremendous applicability in the fields of catalysis, optics, biosensors and bimolecular separation. The conventional approaches using binary mixtures of inorganic precursors and templates are problematic with inevitable catastrophic cracks or failure, because the thermal treatment step at the end of the process always induces severe residual stress due to large volume shrinkage. Recently, some unique approaches have been reported for vertically aligned mesoporous silica thin films on substrates, which include nano-scale epitaxial growth on repatterned surfaces, electrochemically induced self-assembly on conductive surfaces, and magnetic field assisted orientation at the small scale. However, such complicated methods being researched are limited in practical applications on large areas under precedent conditions. To date, the development of an accommodating method to form the robust silica-based porous films with lateral orientation on large and ordinary substrates still remains a challenging issue.
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Vertically aligned mesoporous thin film, method of manufacturing the same, and catalytic application thereof


A vehicle door lock structure includes: a housing; an active lever supported by the housing to be displaceable relative to the housing between locked position where the active lever prohibits opening of a vehicle door by a door opening operation of a door operation handle provided on the vehicle door and an unlocked position where the active lever allows the opening of the vehicle door by the door opening operation of the door operation handle; and a spring configured to selectively hold the active lever at either the locked or unlocked position. The housing includes a held portion held by the spring. The spring includes: locked-position and unlocked-position holders respectively holding the held portion such that the active lever is held at the locked and unlocked positions. The active lever includes a spring holder that holds the spring.

In the related art, a vehicle door lock structure provided on a vehicle door is known. For example, JP 2002-132363A (Reference 1) discloses a vehicle door lock structure including a housing, a locking lever (hereinafter referred to as an "active lever"), and a torsion spring. The housing has a pin portion which rotatably supports the active lever and a boss portion which supports the torsion spring. The torsion spring has a pair of arm portions. The active lever has a substantially fan-shaped body and an engagement portion which is engaged with the pair of arm portions. The engagement portion has a shape that protrudes from the body toward the housing. The pair of arm portions may selectively hold the engagement portion at either a first position or a second position. When the pair of arm portions hold the engagement portion at the first position, the active lever is held at an unlocked position to allow a vehicle door to be opened. When the pair of arm portions hold the engagement portion at the second position, the active lever is held at a locked position to prevent the vehicle door from being opened.
When the vehicle door lock structure is assembled, in a state where the torsion spring is assembled to the boss portion of the housing, the active lever is assembled to the pin portion such that the engagement portion is located between the pair of arm portions.
In the vehicle door lock structure described in Reference 1, since the engagement portion is hidden by the body when the active lever is assembled to the housing, it is difficult to assemble the active lever to the pin portion such that the engagement portion is located between the pair of arm portions.
Thus, a need exists for a vehicle door lock structure which is not susceptible to the drawback mentioned above.


A circuit and a method for eliminating interference introduced from an image channel into a desired channel is described. The circuit includes a splitter and an adder. The splitter generates signals split from a received signal having frequency components within the desired and image channel. The adder adds together the signals output from the splitter. The circuit can be used in an TV tuner.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to telecommunications. More particularly, the present invention relates to telecommunications with a phase shift in at least one path.
2. Description of Related Art
FIG. 1A shows a conventional direct-down tuner. FIG. 1B shows frequency spectrums of the signals 101, 103, 105, and 107 respectively. The direct-down tuner uses tracking filters (102 and 104) to eliminate the frequency components of the RF signal 101 outside the desired channel (channel 39). A local oscillator 106 (LO) generates a reference signal at 372 MHz. The mixer 108 mixes the reference signal with the filtered RF signal 105 so that the filtered RF signal 105 is down-converted to an IF (intermediate frequency) signal 107. The desired IF band 110 is from 54 MHz to 60 MHz. The central frequency of the IF band 110 is 57 MHz. However, the frequency components of the RF signal 101 in the image channel (channel 58) cannot be completely suppressed or removed by the tracking filters 102 and 104, which results an interference from the image channel into the desired channel. Further, it is also difficult to integrate the tracking filters with other elements of the conventional tuner into a single chip.
FIG. 2A shows a conventional up-down tuner. FIG. 2B shows frequency spectrums of the signals 203, 207, 213, and 215 respectively. The RF signal 201 is up-converted by a mixer 205 cooperating with a local oscillator 212. The up-converted RF signal 207 is sent to a band-pass filter 204 (BPF). The mixer 206 cooperates with a local oscillator 214 down-converts the 213 to an IF signal 215. There is no image channel corresponding to the desired channel since the RF signal is up-converted before being down-converted to the IF signal. However, the conventional tuner in FIG. 2A involves high frequency operation (about 1 G Hz).

Circuit and method for eliminating image interfering with desired channel


A cosmetically acceptable composition comprising about 0.01 to about 40 weight percent, based on polymer solids, of a stable solution of a cationic copolymer composed of about 1 to about 99 mole percent diallyl-N,N-disubstituted ammonium halide and about 99 to about 1 mole percent N-vinylpyrollidone, wherein the solution as a RSV of about 0.4 to about 10 dL/g, methods of preparing the composition and methods of using the composition to treat keratinous substrates such as hair, skin and nails.

The surface properties of human hair, skin and nails are of basic interest in cosmetic science, and there has thus been a long-standing desire to discover cosmetic compositions which will beneficially affect the topical and bulk condition of these keratinous substrates. Such compositions should have adequate adherent properties, so that they are not only absorbed initially, but are also retained on exposure to water. This ability to be absorbed onto the substrate and to resist water rinse off is referred to as substantivity.
Compositions for treating hair should improve the wet and dry combability of the hair, facilitate detangling in wet hair combing and reduce static flyaway in dry hair combing while also imparting softness and suppleness to the hair. Ingredients used in shampoos should impart improved foam stability to the shampoo while hair fixative compositions should impart properties such as good curl retention without having a deleterious effect on wet combability.
With respect to compositions for treating skin, compositions are desired which will function to improve such properties as retention of skin moisture, softening of the skin, attraction of air moisture, retardation of skin water loss, feel and reduction of skin irritations caused by contact with detergents, soaps and the like. Compositions for treating nails should strengthen or harden fragile or brittle nails and improve the overall appearance of the nails.
It is an object of this invention to provide hair styling compositions, particularly aqueous, alcoholic, or hydroalcoholic-based hair setting compositions containing hair setting agents that provide improved hair feel and hold performance.
It is a further object of this invention to provide hair styling compositions, as described above, that provide both improved hair feel and improved holding of the hair for specific ranges of setting agent in the composition.
It is a further object of this invention to provide hair-conditioning compositions, such as shampoos, leave-on or rinse-off conditioners, and especially compositions containing agents that provide improved hair feel and wet combability.
It is a further object of this invention to provide skin compositions, and especially compositions containing agents that improve the condition of the skin through film formation, protection and humectancy.

Personal care compositions containing N,N-diallyldialkylammonium halide/N-vinylpyrrolidone polymers


A device for supplying flow across a combustor includes an axial fluid injector configured to circumferentially surround at least a portion of the combustor. An inner annular passage extends through the axial fluid injector and provides fluid communication through the axial fluid injector and into a first annular passage that surrounds the combustor. An outer annular passage extends through the axial fluid injector radially outward from the inner annular passage and provides axial flow into the first annular passage. A method for supplying flow to a combustor includes flowing a first portion of a working fluid through a first axial flow path and flowing a second portion of the working fluid through a second axial flow path.

Combustors are commonly used in industrial and commercial operations to ignite fuel to produce combustion gases having a high temperature and pressure. For example, industrial gas turbines typically include one or more combustors to generate power or thrust. A typical commercial gas turbine used to generate electrical power includes an axial compressor at the front, one or more combustors circumferentially arranged around the middle, and a turbine at the rear. Ambient air may be supplied to the compressor, and rotating blades and stationary vanes in the compressor progressively impart kinetic energy to the working fluid (air) to produce a compressed working fluid at a highly energized state. The compressed working fluid exits the compressor and flows through one or more nozzles in each combustor where the compressed working fluid mixes with fuel and ignites in a combustion chamber to generate combustion gases having a high temperature and pressure. The combustion gases flow to the turbine to produce work. For example, expansion of the combustion gases in the turbine may rotate a shaft connected to a generator to produce electricity.
It is well-known that the thermodynamic efficiency of the gas turbine generally increases with higher combustion gas temperatures. However, higher combustion gas temperatures may also increase the production of undesirable emissions, reduce the design margins for flame flash back and/or flame holding, and/or expose various combustor components to excessive temperatures. As a result, a variety of techniques exist to allow higher combustion gas temperatures while minimizing undesirable exhaust emissions, flash back, flame holding, and excessive temperatures. Many of these techniques seek to enhance uniform mixing of the fuel and compressed working fluid prior to combustion to reduce or prevent localized hot spots in the combustion chamber associated with the undesirable emissions, flash back, and/or flame holding.
Additional techniques seek to increase cooling to the combustor components to prevent excessive temperatures from damaging the combustor components. Specifically, a portion of the working fluid may be directed across the outside of the combustor components exposed to the higher temperature combustion gases to provide impingement, convective, and/or conductive cooling to the combustor components. Axial injection of the working fluid across the outside of the combustor components reduces the pressure loss of the working fluid across the combustor, which in turn increases the combustion gas flow and overall efficiency of the gas turbine. However, the structures used to axially inject the working fluid across the outside of the combustor components have increased the complexity, manufacturing costs, and/or maintenance costs associated with the combustor. Therefore, an improved combustor and method for supplying axial flow across the outside of the combustor components would be useful.

Combustor and method for supplying flow to a combustor


In a conveyor work-piece processing system, transport carriages move along a work path, each carriage carrying a plurality of work-piece articles. In the disclosed embodiment, the path is folded back upon itself forming two parallel paths, one above the other, with transport carriages moved vertically from the lower path to the upper path, so that the entrance to the track and the exit from the track are positioned in close proximity to each other. Each transport carriage has a long dimension and a relatively shorter dimension, and each carriage can be reoriented selectively so that the long dimension or the short dimension can be aligned parallel to the work path. Changing the alignment of the two dimensions relative to the direction of the path permits a work piece to remain for a longer time within a given process stage or area along the work path while achieving a system flow-rate of one carriage-in-one carriage-out.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to manufacturing process systems, and more specifically relates to a processing system in which work transport carriages are reoriented relative to a work path along which they are transported, enabling work-piece articles that are carried on the carriages to dwell for a longer time in one processing stage than in another while maintaining a "one-unit-in, one-unit-out balance" for the system overall. The work path along which the carriers move is folded vertically upon itself so that its beginning and its end are in the same general location. The system of this invention has wide application but has found specific use in the "wet process" operations characteristic of optical lens manufacture.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conveyorized continuous transport systems are known to be ubiquitous in manufacturing and processing industries. The advantage of such systems over other work transfer methods such as "Batch Processing" is that in contrast to the use of several independent and differing multi-stage processing sections, between which workloads are transported by additional robots or by hand, the continuous transport method permits "in-line" movement of workloads through many and varied multi-stage processing operations, thus eliminating the need for human or robotic intervention for moving work-pieces among and between the differing process stages or functions.
However, continuous transport process systems typically require larger floor areas, e.g. more factory-floor "real estate", than most "batch" process systems. In addition, such continuous systems can require even more floor-space when the required process times for individual processing stages within the processing system, are not uniform throughout the system.


A process for recovery of molybdenum from residual fractions derived from an epoxidation reaction of propylene with tertiary butyl hydroperoxide in liquid phase with tertiary butyl alcohol, in the presence of soluble molybdenum, which process comprises:. Fractionating epoxidation reaction product for obtaining a liquid fraction containing essentially all molybdenum from the reaction product;. Contacting the liquid fraction with anhydrous ammonia for forming a precipitate containing the major portion of the molybdenum and a liquid phase containing 500 ppm or less molybdenum;. Separating the liquid phase from the precipitated solid;. Evaporating the liquid phase under conditions of elevated temperatures and reduced pressure in the presence of 1 to 3% water for separation into an evaporator overhead vapor essentially free of molybdenum and an evaporator concentrate comprising essentially all of the molybdenum fed to the evaporator;. Rapidly cooling evaporator concentrate from about evaporation temperature to about room temperature or less for converting the evaporator concentrate into a brittle, fracturable solid which is easier to accumulate and dispose of in an environmentally acceptable manner.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to methods for recovering molybdenum from residual fractions derived from molybdenum catalyzed epoxidation processes. Particularly, the present invention relates to methods for removing molybdenum from liquid filtrates obtained from treating molybdenum containing epoxidation process residual fractions with ammonia for production of molybdenum-rich solid precipitates and liquid filtrates containing reduced amounts of molybdenum. More particularly, the present invention relates to improvements in evaporation processes where molybdenum-containing liquid filtrates are treated to produce evaporator overhead liquid condensates essentially free of molybdenum and evaporator concentrates containing essentially all the molybdenum from the liquid filtrates.