A system includes a heat sink, a semiconductor device, and a layer of thermal interface material (TIM) disposed between the heat sink and the semiconductor device. The TIM may facilitate dissipation of heat generated by the semiconductor device via the heat sink. The system also includes a fastener system that couples the semiconductor device to the heat sink about the layer of TIM. The system also includes one or more washers of the fastener system that maintain a coupling force between the semiconductor device and the heat sink after the TIM flows.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to systems and methods for improving a manufacturing process used for assembling industrial automation devices. More specifically, the present disclosure is generally related to improved systems and methods for attaching a semiconductor device to a heat sink during the manufacturing process of an industrial automation device.
Industrial automation systems may employ various types of electronic devices such as an alternating current (AC) drive, a motor, a robot, or the like to perform various industrial processes. Generally, these electronic devices use semiconductor devices to control the power being used by the respective devices. As such, part of the manufacturing process of an industrial automation device includes coupling a semiconductor device to a heat sink, such that the semiconductor device can operate without overheating. It is generally desirable for the semiconductor device to be coupled to the heat sink with a particular force to provide stable coupling and to facilitate efficient heat transfer between the semiconductor device and the heat sink. Accordingly, improved systems and methods for manufacturing these electronic devices and providing couplings between the respective devices and heat sinks are desirable.

Systems and methods for coupling a semiconductor device of an automation device to a heat sink


A method for quickly and easily attaching and removing a sign from a rope. The sign has a split-T portion defining flexible arms. The arms are bent to allow the rope to slide through transition slots to ultimately enter rope engaging channels. The arms are then released so that the transition slots have a width which restricts passage of the rope, thereby confining the rope to the rope engaging channels. The deflecting portions of the arms are located near the center of the sign to correspond with the natural position of a person's thumbs when holding the sign. The sign allows a new method for attaching a sign to a rope to be used, in which both arms are simultaneously bent from the center of the sign to insert the rope in the rope engaging channels.

It is often desirable to restrict access to dangerous, hazardous, or restricted areas by sectioning such areas off. Ropes, chains, fencing, and other similar barriers are typically placed around the perimeter of the area to restrict entrance. It is further desirable to attach signs to the rope or support which carry information regarding the nature of the hazard or identify the particular danger or restriction with greater specificity.
It is important for the signs to hang from the rope or support in such a manner that they can easily be seen and read when approaching the area. In addition, when attached to the barrier, the sign must be capable of withstanding wind and other forces which may inadvertently dislodge the sign from the barrier.
A sign which may be attached to and removed from the rope without disturbing the ends of the rope is disclosed in Brewster, U.S. Pat. No. 5,092,066. Brewster describes a sign having two openings for receiving a rope. The Brewster device has wings which may be temporarily deflected to allow the passage of the rope into the openings and released to capture the rope within the openings. When so captured, the rope is threaded around three fixed supports--a stationary center support located between the openings and two stationary side supports located near the periphery of the sign, one outside of each opening. The supports are fixed in the sense that they remain coplanar with the sign and do not deflect for inserting or removing a rope, as do the wings. More particularly stated, the rope in the Brewster device follows a path in which the rope engages a first side support, passes through a first opening and engages the center support, and then passes through the second opening to engage a second side support. The three stationary supports therefore engage and secure the sign to the rope.
Brewster further specifies two narrow slits leading to the openings which drop vertically from the top edge near the sides of the sign and then run horizontally to meet the ends of the openings. The device thereby creates wings which deflect near the sides of the sign to allow insertion of the rope into the openings. The Brewster device, however, is cumbersome to install on a rope. Typically, the rope is inserted in one slot, the installer's hands are repositioned, and then the rope is inserted in the other slot. Installation of the sign on a rope therefore requires the sign to be manipulated in a number of different ways and the installer must possess a certain degree of manual dexterity.
The Brewster device also presents four areas having increased potential for failure. The machined openings and slits of the Brewster device create four areas on the sign which have a relatively narrow cross-section. These areas are located at the two side supports and the two wings. These areas are easily flexed and may break under large forces.


A less than lethal projectile and method of producing the same comprising of a sealed filled polymeric pouch containing a shot within. The sealed filled polymeric pouch is formed in a form, fill, and seal machine. An automatic loading ammunition machine is fed empty shell casings; the ammunition machine automatically loads the empty shell casing with pre-determined quantities of wad, primer, and gun powder, and subsequently moves the sealed filled polymeric pouch into a projectile compartment of the empty shell casing producing a fully-loaded shell casing to be loaded into a barrel of an ammunition. The polymeric pouch is capable of being inserted into various shell casings depending on the intended use thus allowing for officers and soldiers to select from an array of munitions when confronted with a situation where less than lethal means are required.

Law enforcement has long operated with what is called a "continuum of force". It provides guidance to officers for selecting the type of weaponry to use in a variety of situations. The continuum normally begins with verbal commands. Should the subject or subjects not respond, the continuum may advise the next level of force until lethal force is absolutely necessary. In situations such as riots, prisons disturbances, hostages rescues, and the like the continuum of force is utilized. However, officers have long recognized that a wide and dangerous gap exists in the range of tools available to them. In the past, officers had very few options for riot control after verbal commands. Common tactics included advancing walls of officers with batons, or a charge by officers using flats of sabers. However, these tactics still resulted in serious bodily injury due to trampling or excessive police force as they march through crowds; furthermore, innocent civilians were at times injured by inadvertent striking or trampling. It was often that the tactics used were either too weak or too strong a response to some situations. As a result the use of high-pressure fire houses, electroshock weapons, and non-lethal chemical agents (such as tear gas and offensive odor canisters) were employed to disperse a crowd. Unfortunately, the discretion of officers in utilizing these weapons and tactics led to either misuse by officers or insufficient force applied by officers to maintain peace.
While law enforcement has long recognized the gap in the force of continuum, the concept is relatively new to the military. More and more, military forces are being deployed to situations involving peacekeeping and noncombat operations. A solider must be equipped and trained for peacekeeping and humanitarian assistance operations. In certain situations, law enforcement officers and military soldiers are required to use force to control crowds or individuals, as such less than lethal means are recommended by the force continuum. Less than lethal weapons and tactics are intended to be unlikely to kill or cause great bodily injury, thus minimizing civilian casualties and providing soldiers or officers with an alternative to lethal force.
A less than lethal projectile, provided in a less than lethal weapon, assures that the requisite less than lethal consequence exists and minimizes the soldiers or officers subjectivity in determining the amount of force to use when necessary. Thus heightening the margin of safety for civilians in a riot without minimizing the primary objective: to temporarily incapacitate, confuse, delay, or restrain. One type of projectile commonly used is a beanbag. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 6,655,294 discloses a beanbag suitable for installation in a cartridge or shell of a projectile found in a conventional handgun and the process for making the same. The beanbags are fabric bags that contain lead shot or pellets. The round is intended to flatten on impact, hitting face on, thereby spreading its energy over a larger area. When the bag leaves the gun it unrolls and rotates into the flat orientation to strike the target. Unfortunately, if the bag hits before it is completely unfurled or an edge-on orientation, the full force of the impact is distributed over a smaller area, causing more damage. Furthermore, because of their shape (square, rectangular, or circular) the bags are regarded as widely inaccurate and have been known to veer off course.
Another type of impact device launched from a cartridge shell is a less than lethal projectile. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 7,089,864 discloses a projectile launched from a weapon shell required at impact to have a low lethality consequence, in which the projectile is fitted in the shell in a shape characterized by a blunt or flat end in the direction of flight. Unfortunately, this low lethality projectile is susceptible to being unstable during its path of flight due to its relatively low weight and slower rate of speed. Furthermore, the projectile is only capable of being fired from a 37 mm or 40 mm weapon shell thus limiting the selection of munitions available to the officer or soldier. In addition, the disadvantages associated with the low lethality projectile also include the method of producing the same. U.S. Pat. No. 6,374,742 discloses a method of shaping a projectile comprising the steps of filling an unbounded rear end of an unfilled tubular sock having a closed front end, forming folds in the tubular sock immediately forward of the rear opening, and manually inserting the tubular sock into a projectile compartment of a 37 mm or 40 mm weapon shell. In so far as the method of sealing the projectile is disclosed as a fold, it is possible that upon impact the projectile may bust, spilling the rubber pellets. Therefore a more reliable seal is desired. Additionally, the method disclosed is not conducive for mass production of the device because it cannot be manufactured on an automated production line. In point of fact, many of the steps of production in the '742 patent involve manual labor.
While these prior art devices may be suitable for the particular purpose to which they address, they would be unsuitable for the purposes of the present invention as heretofore described. As a consequence of these aforementioned problems, it is an objective of the present invention to provide a less than lethal projectile and a method of producing the same that can be easily produced and efficiently in large numbers on an automated production line.

Less than lethal projectile and a method for producing the same


A conversation processing method and apparatus based on artificial intelligence, a device and a computer-readable storage medium. The disclosure embodiments, enable the user feedback information provided by conversation service conducted by the user to model conversation understanding system, then according to the user feedback information, perform adjustment processing for a service state of the model conversation understanding system, to obtain an adjustment state of the model conversation understanding system so that it is possible to execute the conversation service with the model conversation understanding system, based on the adjustment state. Since a fault-tolerant and fault-correcting mechanism is provided, it is possible to adjust the understanding capability of the model conversation understanding system in real time and thereby effectively improve the reliability of conversation by collecting the user's user feedback information, and then adjusting the service state of the model conversation understanding system in time based on the user feedback information.

Artificial intelligence AI is a new technical science for researching and developing theories, methods, technologies and application systems for simulating, extending and expanding human intelligence. Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer sciences and attempts to learn about the essence of intelligence, and produces a type of new intelligent machines capable of responding in a manner similar to human intelligence. The studies in the field comprise robots, language recognition, image recognition, natural language processing, expert systems and the like.
In recent years, the concept "conversation as platform" increasingly wins support among the people. Many Internet products and industries begin to attempt to introduce a conversation-type human-machine interaction manner (also called a conversation robot) into products, for example, household electrical appliance, finance, and medical care. Correspondingly, demands for developing conversation robots also become stronger and stronger.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a reliable conversation processing method, to ensure reliability of the conversation.

Conversation processing method and apparatus based on artificial intelligence, device and computer-readable storage medium

BEIJING BAIDU NETCOM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.


A method for responding to inquiries from a user by a response support system. A request displaying a second screen is received from a user terminal of the user in which a first screen is being displayed. An inquiry destination of the response support system is identified in the first screen. Screen data pertaining to the second screen and containing an operation object is retrieved. The second screen is configured to be sent to the inquiry destination in response to an operation performed on the operation object by the user. Screen transition information containing screen identifiers of screens previously displayed by the user terminal, including the first screen, is retrieved. The second screen is assembled by inserting the retrieved screen data and the retrieved screen transition information into the second screen. The assembled second screen is sent to the user terminal.

Today, mail-order services and movie and music distribution services via websites are becoming widespread. As a result, general consumers, as well as computer specialists, have more and more opportunities to access websites. Website operators conventionally provide help desks as points of contact for users with problems. For example, a web page provides email addresses along with a message such as "Contact us".
However, it is difficult for general consumers to correctly understand the operating conditions of web applications and create an email message which accurately describes the conditions. Therefore, a person at a help desk having received an email message cannot properly understand the problem the user has.
Thus there is a need for a method and system that responds to inquiries from users that is more efficient than existing methods and systems.

Method and system for responding to inquiries from users

International Business Machines Corporation


An in-device coexistence interference report control method of a network for terminal to inform the network of interference among heterogeneous radio communication modules coexisting in the terminal is provided. The method includes determining, at a terminal when a terminal capability enquiry message is received from a base station, whether the base station supports an In-Device Coexistence (IDC) interference report, transmitting, when the IDC interference report is supported, a terminal capacity information message to the base station, receiving a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message including information on whether terminal's IDC interference indicator transmission is permitted from the base station; and transmitting an RRC connection reconfiguration complete message to the base station in response to the RRC connection reconfiguration message. The in-device coexistence interference indication control method is advantageous in preventing the UE from transmitting useless in-device coexistence interference indication messages, resulting in reduction of unnecessary signaling.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mobile communication system. More particularly, the present invention relates to an in-device coexistence interference report control method of a network in a mobile communication system, the in-device coexistence interference being reported by the terminal to inform the network of interference among heterogeneous radio communication modules coexisting in the terminal.
2. Description of the Related Art
With rapid advances in radio communication technology, the communication system has evolved to meet the requirements of 4th Generation (4G) mobile communication technology such as Long Term Evolution (LTE).
The widespread use of smartphones has increased demand for supplementary wireless technologies such as Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Bluetooth, and Global Positioning System (GPS). In order to meet this demand, several communication technologies (e.g., cellular technology (LTE/UMTS), WLAN, Bluetooth, and GNSS/GPS) are being integrated into a single portable device. As a consequence, inter-technology interference problem is emerging as a key issue to be solved. This issue is under discussion in the name of In-Device Coexistence (IDC) in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
The LTE/UMTS communication technology operates on various frequency bands while the Bluetooth and WLAN operate on the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band of 2400˜2483.5 MHz. Among the frequency bands assigned for the LTE/UMTS communication, Band 4 (2300˜2400 MHz) and Band 7 uplink (2500˜2670 MHz) are close to the ISM band used by Bluetooth and WLAN such that the simultaneous operations of the two technology modules cause significant interference to each other, e.g. a signal transmitted by one communication technology module may be received by the other communication technology module in the same device.
This interference can be mitigated in such a way that the terminal reports the interference to the network and thus the network commands handover of the terminal to use another frequency. However, if the network does not understand the interference report message, this means that the terminal transmits the interference report message uselessly, resulting in increase of unnecessary signaling. There is therefore a need of a method to address this issue.
The above information is presented as background information only to assist with an understanding of the present disclosure. No determination has been made, and no assertion is made, as to whether any of the above might be applicable as prior art with regard to the present invention.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

In-device coexistence interference report control method and apparatus of network in mobile communication system


Techniques for media quality control may include receiving media information and determining the quality of the media information. The media information may be presented when the quality of the media information meets a quality control threshold. A warning may be generated when the quality of the media information does not meet the quality control threshold. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Media information may be easily created and shared with others. For example, a user may create a three dimensional video which can be uploaded and presented to other users via the internet. Video sharing websites allow non-professional filmmakers to upload videos. As three dimensional video becomes more popular and common, more people are creating and sharing three dimensional videos.
Three dimensional videos created by non-professionals often have poor quality. Poor quality three dimensional video may cause negative physical symptoms to occur to a user viewing the video. For example, poor quality three dimensional video may cause headaches or eyestrain. In some cases, poor quality three dimensional video may even cause a serious impact on the health of the user. It is with respect to these and other considerations that the present improvements have been needed.


A liquid bird feeder provides a liquid container having a bottom opening, a liquid tray adapted to attach to the liquid container and adapted to immerse the bottom opening in liquid. The liquid tray includes a bottom port passing through the liquid tray and vertically aligned with the bottom opening, and a valve mechanism adapted to selectively couple the bottom port of the liquid tray to the bottom opening for filling purposes, or to close the bottom port and couple the bottom opening to the liquid tray for supplying liquid from the liquid container to the liquid tray.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to liquid bird feeders, and in particular to such bird feeders which provide for inverted filling while minimizing residual liquid spillage.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Liquid nectar bird feeders are used for specifically attracting hummingbirds in the same manner as seed feeders are used to attract other birds. Some may consider liquid nectar feeders to be less convenient however, because of the liquid auto-feed structure. Filling liquid feeders commonly requires inversion of the feeder and certain liquid spillage from this action.
It is therefore desirable to have a liquid nectar feeder which minimizes liquid spillage during filling.


Devices and methods for reinforcing tissue grafts are described herein. In one embodiment, an implant is described that includes a proximal end portion having a through-hole formed therein, a distal end portion, and a reinforcing insert disposed in the through-hole. The insert includes a proximal face, a distal face opposed to the proximal face, a first upper surface extending between the proximal and distal faces and having a generally convex shape that abuts against at least a portion of a sidewall of the through-hole, and a second lower surface extending between the proximal and distal faces and having a generally concave shape. The second lower surface and portions of the sidewall of the through-hole not abutted by the first upper surface form a reinforced through-hole of the implant.

A surgeon often has a variety of graft choices for replacing soft tissue in surgical reconstruction procedures. Two possible options include autografts, tissues donated from the patient's own body, and allografts, tissue harvested from a donor, often a cadaver. Autografts can be beneficial because the graft is harvested directly from the host and is aged correctly for the host. However, the added procedure required to harvest the graft from the patient can result in additional pain and an extended post surgical recovery period. In contrast, allografts can provide added benefit over autografts because they do not require the patient to recover from a bone and/or soft tissue harvesting operation. This can result in a faster healing time and a reduced amount of physical therapy following the procedure.
Allografts, unlike organ transplants, do not usually pose a risk for rejection by the host and, after being harvested from a cadaver, they can be cleaned and frozen in liquid nitrogen for later use. Further, a cadaver can be screened for any illness which can be transferred to the host prior to harvesting any tissue or bone. However, the quality of an allograft is not always guaranteed. In the case of bone, for example, the quality of a graft can be dependent on the age and density of the bone being harvested. Additionally, chemical sterilization, irradiation, and other processing can compromise the quality of the bone.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) repair is one example of a procedure where allografts are commonly utilized. Typically, a surgeon can replace a damaged ACL with a bone-tendon-bone (BTB) allograft taken from a cadaver's patellar tendon or other tissue. As shown in FIG. 1, the procedure generally requires preparing a patient's knee for ACL reconstruction by forming two bone tunnels 6, 8, one in the tibia and one in the femur. The BTB allograft 1 can be drawn first through the tibial tunnel 6 and the femoral tunnel 8 such that one bone plug can be secured within the tibia and the other can be secured within the femur. The surgeon can draw the BTB allograft 1 through the tibial and femoral tunnels by pulling on a suture that is threaded through the tunnels and a bore formed in the leading bone plug.
If the quality of the leading bone plug is poor, however, the suture can pull through the bone plug during implantation. This is because the narrow suture contacts the bone plug over a small area, and therefore imparts significant pressure onto the bone plug when a surgeon or other user pulls the graft through the tunnels 6, 8.
Accordingly, there is a need for improved devices and methods for reinforcing tissue grafts. More particularly, there is a need for improved bone plug reinforcement devices for use with tissue allografts.


A photo-thermographic recording apparatus, comprises a film loading device capable of loading a sheet type photo-thermographic film, a conveyance device for conveying the photo-thermographic film from the film loading device, an exposing device for forming a latent image corresponding to an image signal onto the sheet type photo-thermographic film conveyed by the conveyance device, and a thermal developing device for visualizing the latent image formed onto the sheet type photo-thermographic film while heating the sheet type photo-thermographic, the thermal developing device including a heating device therein and a plurality of opposed rollers arranged opposite to the heating device so as to press the sheet type photo-thermographic film onto the thermal developing device, herein the plurality of opposed rollers is structured so that a foreign matter originating from an edge portion of the sheet type photo-thermographic film does not affect an image formed on the sheet type photo-thermographic film.

In conventional medical imagers or photo-thermographic recording apparatuses, the medical imager is structured so that each size of photo-thermographic films (film will be used hereinafter) of 17×14 inch size, 14×14 inch size and 11×14 inch size are processed in a single photo-thermographic recording apparatus by conveying the film in the direction being a right angle against 14 inch width direction of the film. And with regard to another size, for example, an 8×10 inch size film is processed by a dedicated photo-thermographic recording apparatus. There are no big differences between them, whichever the system is used, from the viewpoint of functions, performances and cost of the apparatus.
However, in recent years, needed is an imager capable of processing of 8×10 inch size film, etc., which has different sizes in a width direction and a longitudinal direction from that of the films described above, such as 17×14 inch size, 14×14 inch size and 11×14 inch, in a single apparatus.
In an imager employing a photo-thermographic process, there are problems specifically associated with photo-thermographic developing device which will be described below. Namely, in a photo-thermographic process, in case that a film is conveyed as the film is sandwiched by a heating drum and a plurality of opposed rollers as a means for heating and conveying the film, an elastic layer of silicon rubber, etc., is provided on the surface of a heating member to realize uniform contact between the film and the heating drum and the opposed rollers, and the uniform surface temperature of the heating drum, which is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Open to Public Inspection No. H10-500497.
However, organic acid and/or higher fatty acid included in the photo-thermographic film volatilized by the heat drifts around the elastic layer, attacks the silicon layer and harms the cross-linking of silicon rubber as the photo-thermographic film is processed. Also, volatilized organic acid, etc., coheres and adheres onto the surface of the heating drum. Once these cohered substances form a film footmark on the surface of the heating drum, an image may be affected by these cohered substances.
Further, cutting dross from the leading edge, rear edge and side edges of the cutting surface of the film and emulsion flakes, etc., are adhered onto the heating drum and the opposed rollers. These substances harm the uniform contact or uniform thermal transmission and resulting density unevenness of the image.
Further more, a portion of the elastic layer where the film passes swells as the heating drum itself repeats heating and cooling. As a result, a crack starts to appear on the surface of the elastic layer and the crack is transferred onto the film. This phenomenon occurs since the contact condition between the heating drum and the film becomes uneven and the heat transmission across the heating drum becomes uneven. In case that a film conveyance pass in a thermal developing device is always unchanged, for example, 14 inch size, the image is formed without seriously affected and the heating drum properly operates until cracks occurs in the elastic layer even though 17×14 inch size film, 14×14 inch size film and 11×14 inch size film are processed.
However, in case that another size film which is different from 14 inch size film is processed in a single imager (a photo-thermographic recording apparatus), there has been problems that a swelling mark and/or a passing mark corresponding to the edge of the film occurs at a portion being different from 14 inch width-edge. Accordingly, when the maximum size film is processed, these marks described above appear in the image on the film.
In order to prevent those problems described above, cleaning was needed. However since a cleaning cycle becomes frequent and maintenance time and cost increase, it is not preferable to do so.
Japanese Patent Application Open to Public Inspection No. H11-65070 discloses an image recording apparatus which delays the conveyance of the new film being inputted into a thermal developing device, when the new film is a different size form a previous film, by holding the new size film for a predetermined time period. It discloses an image recording apparatus designed to unify the surface temperature of the heating drum by continuing rotation and heating of the heating drum by a heater while holding the new size film which will be inputted into the thermal developing device. However, it is not an image recording apparatus capable of removing the problems associated with the heating process of the photo-thermographic film.
It also discloses a photo-thermographic recording apparatus for removing dirt adhering onto a heating drum and preventing doted image defects by providing a dirt removing means having stickiness on the surface of the dirt removing means to be in contact with the heating drum, when visualizing an image formed on a photo-thermographic film by sandwiching the film between the heating drum and an endless belt in a heating device. However, it does not disclose the affection of foreign matter to the opposed roller and the cleaning of the opposed roller which is an auxiliary means operating together with the heating device.


Provided herein are hemoglobin-based therapeutic agents useful for treating cancer, pharmaceutical composition including the same, and methods of use and preparation thereof.

Chemotherapy is the use of anticancer drugs to treat cancerous cells. Chemotherapy has been used for many years and is one of the most common treatments for cancer. In most cases, chemotherapy works by interfering with the cancer cell's ability to grow or reproduce. Different groups of drugs work in different ways to fight cancer cells. Chemotherapy may be used alone for some types of cancer or in combination with other treatments such as radiation (or radiotherapy) or surgery. Often, a combination of chemotherapy drugs is used to fight a specific cancer. There are over 50 chemotherapy drugs that are commonly used.
Besides the traditional chemotherapy drugs, a class of cytotoxic agents, such as the maytansinoids (e.g. mertansine (DM1) and ravtansine (DM4)), the auristatins (e.g monomethylauristatin E (MMAE) and monomethylauristain F (MMAF)), and the calicheamicins (e.g calicheamicin γ), are several orders of magnitude more potent than clinically used anticancer drugs. However, due to their poor selectivity for tumors, their clinical use in cancer therapy has been greatly limited by their severe systemic side-effects. Clinical trials with maytansine have been discontinued due to serious adverse effects on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal system. Therefore, there is a need for methods for improving the selectivity of these cytotoxic agents, alleviating the side effects, while maintaining their efficacy during cancer treatment.
Hypoxia is common in cancers. Hypoxia and anemia (which contributes to tumor hypoxia) can lead to ionizing radiation and chemotherapy resistance by depriving tumor cells of the oxygen essential for the cytotoxic activities of these agents. Hypoxia may also reduce tumor sensitivity to radiation therapy and chemotherapy through one or more indirect mechanisms that include proteomic and genomic changes.
Thus, there is a need in the art for improved cancer treatments that target cancerous cells and tissues while reducing the effects of such cancer treatments on non-cancerous cells and tissues.


Embodiments of the present invention pertain to determining whether a digital rights management system's native license is valid. According to one embodiment, a value of a decision indicator is accessed at a digital rights management system. The decision indicator is set by a trusted entity other than the digital rights management system because the digital rights management system does not have sufficient information to determine how to set the decision indicator. The value of the decision indicator is used at the decision rights management system to determine whether the native license associated with the digital rights management system is valid.

In the past, people typically listened to or watched content on a stand alone electronic device. For example, a person would play a compact disc (CD) on a stereo system. Similarly, a person would watch a digital versatile disc (DVD) or a broadcast television show on their television. Music and movies are examples of "digital content." The digital content can be multimedia. Apple™ and "Yahoo! Music Engine™ (YME)" are examples of service providers. As electronic devices and the Internet have developed, service providers are making digital content available to users over the Internet. For example, Apple™ has made a lot of music available to users over the Internet. A person can download music that Apple™ has made available to their iPOD™. Further, YME™ has also made music available to users over the Internet. A person could download the music that YME™ has made available to a personal computer or a lap top.
In order to make profits, service providers charge people for the content they provide. Service providers cannot afford to provide digital content for free therefore digital rights management systems have been developed to control and enforce the way that digital content is distributed and used by people in order to protect the financial interests of service providers.
FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of a conventional system for service providers to provide digital content to users. The system 100 includes two service providers 110 and 120, a network 150, and two devices 130, 140. Each of the devices 130, 140 include digital rights management (DRM) systems 132, 142 and licenses 134, 144 (also referred to herein as "native licenses" since they are native to the DRM systems) for controlling and enforcing the way content obtained from respective service providers 110, 120 may be used. Service provider 110 could be YME™ and service provider 120 could be Apple™. Device 130 could be a personal computer and device 140 could be an iPOD™ (Apple™'s portable music player). The digital rights management system 132 can be used for obtaining content from YME™ and digital rights management system 142 can be used for obtaining content from Apple™. Examples of digital rights management systems include, but are not limited to, Apple FairPlay™, Microsoft™ DRM, Open Mobile Alliance™ (OMA) DRM, and Real Helix DRM™.
The drawings referred to in this description should not be understood as being drawn to scale except if specifically noted.

Determining whether a digital rights management system's native license is valid

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L. P.


Vectors that encode Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Rep and Cap proteins of different serotypes and Adenovirus transcription products that provide helper functions were used to produce pseudotyped recombinant AAV (rAAV) virions. Purification methods generated pseudotyped rAAV virion stocks that were 99% pure with titers of 1×1012–1×1013 vector genomes/ml.

AAV, a non-pathogenic, helper-dependent virus, is an attractive vector for gene therapy as it exhibits a wide host and tissue range and is able to replicate in cells from any species as long as there is a successful infection of such cells with a suitable helper virus [e.g., Adenovirus (Ad) or Herpesvirus]. The host and tissue tropism of AAV is determined by the ability of its capsid to bind to specific cellular receptors and/or co-receptors. Due to the broad host and tissue range, however, delivery of conventional AAV preferentially to a particular tissue of interest has been problematic.
AAV of several different serotypes are known. Of these, serotype 2 AAV has been the most extensively studied and characterized. Accordingly, serotype 2 rAAV vectors (i.e., nucleic acid constructs) and virions (i.e., encapsidated vectors) have been proposed as the vector of choice for gene transfer protocols. Animal experiments, however, have shown that dramatic differences exist in the transduction efficiency and cell specificity of rAAV virions of different serotypes (Chao et al., Mol. Ther. 2:619–623, 2000; Davidson et al., PNAS 97:3428–3432, 2000; and Rabinowitz et al., J. Virol. 76:791–801, 2002). For example, non-serotype 2 AAV virions were able to transduce certain tissues more efficiently and specifically than serotype 2 virions. Accordingly, an AAV virion including a well-characterized serotype 2 genome and a non-serotype 2 capsid would be useful for certain tissue-specific gene transfer applications. Methods that facilitate preparing such pseudotyped AAV virions would also be useful. Current methods involve the use of multiple vectors to provide the replication, packaging, and helper functions that are required for the formation of recombinant virions. These methods are inefficient and inadequate for large-scale production of pseudotyped recombinant virions.

Production of pseudotyped recombinant AAV virions

University of Florida Research Foundation, Inc.


A water aerator (1) has a vertically oriented aerator tube (2) with a plurality of water-inlet apertures (3, 16) that preferably are downwardly slanted intermediate an air-inlet end and a water-outlet end of the aerator tube. The aerator tube is positioned linearly inside of a water-input sleeve (4) having a water-input aperture (5) that is proximate a top of the aerator tube. A bottom end of the water-input sleeve is sealed to a portion of the aerator tube that is vertically below the plurality of water-inlet apertures. A one-way air-inlet valve (7, 14) can be provided in an air-inlet conveyance (6) to the aerator tube to prevent possible excess input of water from escaping through the air-inlet conveyance. Pluralities of air-inlet conveyances and aerator tubes can be provided.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to water purifiers and aerators of liquids such as water and hydrous mixtures for removing objectionable substances, gases and living organisms by aeration.
2. Relation To Prior Art
Water purifiers now available for removing objectionable substances do not remove objectionable odors and taste resulting from presence of sulfur, bacteria and other noxious substances sufficiently for desirable potability of water obtained from a large portion of wells, streams, lakes and community supply sources. Previously, aeration of water has been confined to systems constructed mostly for large-scale commercial use. Users of water from independent sources such as wells, lakes and streams have had no independent aerators.
Different but related aerators are described in the following patent documents. U.S. Pat. No. 5,350,543, issued to Spradley, described a vortex type of aerator in a circulator of water in a container. U.S. Pat. No. 3,146,195, issued to Berardi, taught an oyster -tank purifier having an air inlet in a water-straining tube. U.S. Pat. No. 2,521,215, issued to Haddeland et al, taught an apparatus for dispersing an aeriform body in a liquid body. U.S. Pat. No. 417,664, issued to Chrichester, taught a water aerator having a float through which water was circulated for aeration.


If the moving direction of a suction nozzle during raising and lowering deviates from a vertical direction, appropriate work cannot be guaranteed because the holding position of a component by the suction nozzle will vary depending on the holding height of the component by the suction nozzle. Thus, a component loaded at a specified height (H) position from the upper surface of a stage is held by a suction nozzle, and that component is loaded at a specified position. Then, the component is imaged and the loading position (first height component loading position) of the component is calculated. Further, the component loaded on the stage is held by the suction nozzle and the component is loaded at the above specified position. Then, the component is imaged and the component loading position (second height component loading position) is calculated. Next, the deviation amount between the first height component loading position and the second height component loading position is calculated. Thus, appropriate mounting can be guaranteed by performing correction of the component holding position, correction of the component loading position, or the like, based on the deviation amount.

There are operation machines provided with a holding head including a holding tool capable of holding a component loaded at a given position, and a moving device configured to move the holding head, such operation machines being configured to perform work of mounting a component held by the holding tool at a specified position. With such an operation machine, there are cases in which the moving direction of a holding tool when being raised or lowered is tilted with respect to a predetermined set direction such as a vertical direction, so it is desirable to perform component holding work and mounting work considering the moving direction tilt when raising and lowering the holding tool. The patent literature below discloses imaging a holding tool and, based on the imaging data, calculating a moving direction tilt during raising and lowering of the holding tool and performing component holding work, mounting work, and the like, in consideration of the tilt.
Patent literature 1: International publication WO2014/103027


A device configured to provide biofeedback on arm swing during walking, running, or other movement activities is disclosed herein. The device includes motion sensing means configured to sense the motion of an arm of a user during a movement activity and output one or more signals based upon the sensed arm motion; computational means configured to compute an arm swing angle of the arm of the user using the one or more signals outputted by the motion sensing means; and one or more signaling devices operatively coupled to the motion sensing means and computational means, the one or more signaling devices configured to emit one or more signals to the user that are based upon the computed arm swing angle of the user so as to provide biofeedback to the user regarding arm swing. The use of two devices, one on each arm of a user is also disclosed herein.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention generally relates to a movement assessment apparatus. More particularly, the invention relates to a movement assessment apparatus configured to provide biofeedback to a user regarding one or more bodily movements executed by the user, and a method for providing biofeedback using the same.
2. Background and Description of Related Art
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of a number of neuromuscular degenerative diseases which can lead to impaired movement or movement disorders. PD is caused by cell death and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. This results in a significant reduction of the production of dopamine, an essential neurotransmitter which controls motor function. The loss of dopamine production due to PD may result in a variety of symptoms including movement problems such as slowed or shortened gait and stride, stiffness, diminished or loss of arm swing on walking, tripping, falling, tremoring, bradykinesia, rigidity and other effects.
PD is often distinguished by similar disorders, for example essential tremor, due to the fact that PD initially manifests symptoms unilaterally, or on one side of the body first. This unilateral characteristic of movement symptoms leads to unequal movements between one side of the body and the other, creating further difficulties with mobility. As PD progresses, these movement problems increase, often to the point where mobility is significantly compromised and quality of life of the patient decreased. Although there are a number of effective pharmacological treatments which address decreasing dopamine levels and increasing mobility, often the differences in one side of the body compared to the other are not directly addressed.
There is a growing body of thought that argues for earlier intervention in the changes in mobility prior to significant loss of function. There is a need for devices which are designed to address earlier symptoms which eventually lead to more significant mobility issues. An early symptom of PD which eventually advances to mobility problems is limited and asymmetric arm swing.
Movement changes due to the effects of PD and loss of dopamine are often noticed by other people, such as family members, before the patient is aware of the movement deficiency. For movements such as gait, stride and arm swing which are learned in early childhood, one relies on muscle memory unless there is some indicator that there is a change in movement. In a healthy individual, there are biofeedback mechanisms which provide such indicators. In the PD patient, the loss of dopamine neurotransmitters likely compromises both the outward signal from the brain to the muscular-skeletal system as well as the return signal indicating the movement has been executed as expected. This breakdown leads to a lack of awareness in the PD patient of the loss of movement speed, amplitude and symmetry. There results in the patient a kinesthetic misperception which must be addressed for normal mobility to be maintained as long as possible.
Until recently it was thought that the generation of new neurons was confined to the earliest stages of life, or in the embryo. New studies are showing that all cortical areas of the brain, even in adults, can exhibit surprising neuroplasticity, or modulations in function and synaptic activity with time and repetitive stimulus. There is also evidence that neurogenesis is possible. Studies show increases in volume of specific cortical areas after various stimuli (see e.g., B. Johansson, Brain Plasticity and Stroke Rehabilitation: The Willis Lecture, Stroke Journal of the American Heart Association 2000; 31:223-230). Neuroplasticity has been credited for the recovery of lost function when the brain compensates for damaged or impaired regions through repetitive retraining of the body. These new neuro-pathways are created by repetitive stimulus. To achieve corrected repetitive motion stimulation requires some sensory bio-feedback system to allow the patient to feel by an alternative method, the corrected motion. This may allow the patient to bypass the damaged biofeedback creating the misperception of proper movement.
A good example of this approach is the use of speech therapy to overcome the PD symptom of soft and poorly inflected speech using audio recording and the physical feeling of the level of energy of speech correlated to volume. This compensates for the loss of personal auditory feedback, which does not indicate a problem to the patient. Further examples of alternative feedback and neuroplastic approaches are the use of singing to enhance speech and dancing to enhance motor abilities in PD patients, by accessing broader parts of the brain utilized by alternative but related activities.
Diminished or lack of arm swing in PD patients is often manifested unilaterally, with one arm swinging normally, or with an increased arc and greater range of motion than the other arm, which is often stiff and diminished in motion or still. This asymmetric motion of the arms while walking contributes to poor balance and a decline in normal gait and stride (see e.g., Lewek et al., Arm swing magnitude and asymmetry during gait in the early stages of Parkinson's disease, Gait & Posture 31 (2010) 256-260). The PD patient has the ability to consciously move the arm with specific intent, but there is no automatic rhythmic swing on walking. When intentionally moving the arm, the patient is using visual feedback to override the damaged natural impulse. This visual signal is limited to the forward swing of the arm as the back swing cannot be seen. Also, the amplitude of the arc of the swing may or may not match the other arm.
Therefore, what is needed is a device for providing feedback that can be used for training or retraining the body and brain to recognize and correct for abnormal or asymmetric arm swing in PD patients or others having a similar problem. Moreover, what is needed is a simple arm swing device that is capable of being effectively used to retrain individuals having diminished arm swing. Furthermore, an effective sensory feedback device is needed that can measure and indicate the range, speed and flow of the diminished arm as compared to the looser arm to obtain a normal pattern of gait, stride and balance. In addition, what is needed is a device that can measure, signal and feed back to the walker the speed, range, fluidity and any other indicators, in comparison to the other arm, or in comparison to a targeted normal arm swing.


An electromagnetic-shielding device disposed in an electronic device prevents that an electric component in the electronic device is interfered by electromagnetic wave. The electromagnetic-shielding device has at least one positioning and leaning wall, which is mounted on a laminate member as a part of a housing of the electronic device or a central plate within the electronic device. By means of the positioning and leaning wall, an electromagnetic-shielding mask is conveniently mounted within the electronic device so as to cover the electronic component.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to an electromagnetic-shielding device, more particular to an electromagnetic-shielding device, which employs a laminate member and four positioning and leaning walls in order to let an electromagnetic-shielding mask be easily and precisely covered an electric component in an electronic device.
2. Description of the Prior Art
For avoiding the electric components as CPUs, chips, etc. of the PCBs in a mobile phone, PDA, laptop, etc. being not interfered by outside EMI (electromagnetic interference), the components just can work properly. On the other hand, the EMI leaking from some powered electric components should also be shielded to not bother other outside electronic devices and organisms.
An electromagnetic-shielding mask in prior arts is mounted on PCB and covers electric components. Such electromagnetic mask is mounted on PCB by the ways of welding, fastening, etc. in order to shield EMI.
However, if the way of welding, such as SMT, is adopted, the materials for welding and applying are then limited. Further, the procedures are complicate and the cost of materials is relatively higher. On the other hand, the electromagnetic-shielding mask is not easily dismantled while in maintenance.
Besides, another prior art is that of installing an electromagnetic-shielding mask on a central plate of a housing or an electronic device. Please refer to FIG. 1, which illustrates a schematic view of an electromagnetic-shielding mask 2 installing on a housing 4 in prior arts. For the prior art, a plurality of holes 6 is formed on the bottom plate of the electromagnetic-shielding mask 2 in an electronic device 20, and the bottom plate is adhered to the inner surface of the housing 4 through the way of using hot melt adhesive and the plurality of holes 6.
However, the electromagnetic-shielding mask 2 is hardly positioned while adhering the electromagnetic-shielding mask 2 to the housing 4. Since some movement is randomly made, the electromagnetic-shielding mask 2 cannot precisely be covered an electric component 12 of a PCB 10 while installing the housing 4; additionally, the installment is hardly finished.
Therefore, how to provide an advanced structure for the electromagnetic-shielding mask and the housing to be simply and effectively installed on is an important issue to the skilled people.


Various embodiments of the invention may use code division multiple access (CDMA) technology in communications from radio frequency identification (RFID) tags to RFID readers, so that multiple RFID tags may respond to the same RFID reader at the same time on the same frequency and still be reliably decoded by the RFID reader. In some embodiments, orthogonal CDMA PN sequences for the RFID tags to use in creating their responses may first be transmitted to those RFID tags, possibly using a non-CDMA technique.

The use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is becoming increasingly widespread, and in some cases the desire to increase performance is approaching the limits of conversion RFID technology. In particular, the requirement that each RFID tag be read individually and serially limits the number of tags that can be read in a given time period. Trying to read larger numbers of RFID tags may make current systems unreliable when the communication time is limited, for example when the RFID tags are moving past the RFID reader (e.g., as on a conveyer belt) or the RFID reader is moving past the RFID tags (e.g., as on a warehouse inventory vehicle). This problem will only get worse as increased functionality causes an ever-larger amount of information to be transmitted by each RFID tag.


Whether or not the provisioning of a given BRI is properly administered is determined by providing a collection of processes which exercise the known network provided supplementary services in a predetermined fashion. Specifically, a predetermined, i.e., algorithmic, process is employed to examine an administration database to determine which DSLs are to support supplementary services and, then, the process invokes a plurality of processes which attempt to activate the expected supplementary service. The basic mode of operation is to generate a connectivity context in which the supplementary service can be invoked and, then, cause the service to be invoked. ISDN messages are transmitted to the network over the D channel of the given BRI both to establish the service context and, then, to invoke the supplemental service. By analyzing the processes and ISDN messages the system can determine if the desired supplementary services are available, and the results of the analysis are recorded and made available to an operator.

Central offices known to provide ISDN Basic Rate Interface (BRI) access must be administered not only to define user subscribed transport services but also to provide, or deny access to service provider provided supplementary services. This is a complex operation, typically performed by an operator, and may be subject to operator error. During the administration process, the operator may manipulate many parameters, and any mis-administration may result in end-users being denied access to subscribed services, or suffering misoperation because of unexpected invocation of services which were not subscribed to by the user.

Apparatus and method for testing the administration of network based supplementary services


A method for manufacturing an image sensor that can include forming a pad electrode over a semiconductor substrate; forming a protective layer over the pad electrode; forming a via hole through the protective layer to expose a portion of the uppermost surface of the pad electrode; and then forming a gold layer over the exposed portion of the uppermost surface of the pad electrode.

An image sensor is a semiconductor device for converting optical signals into electrical signals. The image sensor may employ a switching mode for sequentially detecting an output by providing a plurality of photodiodes corresponding to the number of pixels using CMOS technology that uses peripheral devices, such as a control circuit and a signal processing circuit.

Image sensor and method for manufacturing the same


An automobile condenser electric fan controller, which includes a high pass filter, an inverted comparator, and a relay, the inverted comparator comparing the signal obtained from the high pass filter with a reference DC level signal made according to predetermined critical speed and then providing a high potential or low potential output according to the comparison result, whereby the relay is controlled to turn on the automobile's condenser electric fan as the output of the inverted comparator and the output of the automobile's compressor both are at high potential; the relay is controlled to turn off the automobile's condenser electric fan as the output of the inverted comparator and the output of the automobile's compressor both are at low potential, or either one is at high potential while the other is at low potential.

The present invention relates to an automobile condenser electric fan controller adapted to be installed in an automobile for controlling the operation of the automobile's condenser electric fan, which turns off the condenser electric fan automatically as the speed of the automobile surpasses a predetermined critical speed, or turns on the condenser electric fan as the speed of the automobile drops below the critical speed.
Various methods have been disclosed for controlling the operation of the condenser electric fan of an automobile. These methods are still not satisfactory in functions. Drawbacks of these methods are outlined hereinafter respectively.
I. Radiator temperature controlled control method to control the operation of the condenser electric fan according to the temperature of the radiator: As the vehicle is running at a low speed, the performance of the air conditioner and the effect of heat dissipation are getting worse, and the condenser and the evaporator may be damaged easily due to the compression of high pressure.
II. Synchro control methods to synchronously turn on the condenser electric fan as the compressor is started: As the vehicle is running at a high speed, intake current of air is blocked by the condenser electric fan as the condenser electric fan keeps operating, and therefore much energy is wasted.
III. Freon temperature (pressure) controlled control methods to control the operation of the condenser electric fan according to the temperature (pressure) detected by a temperature sensor (pressure sensor). As the vehicle is running at a low speed, the temperature (or pressure) of the freon may be still at a low level and therefore much waiting time is needed before starting the condenser electric fan; if the temperature (or pressure) of the freon has already reached the critical level as the vehicle is running at a low speed, more time and more energy are needed to reduce the temperature (or pressure) by turning on the condenser electric fan, and therefore the generator shall have to work more hard. Further, the condenser and the evaporator may be damaged easily due to the compression of high pressure as the vehicle is running at a low speed. As the vehicle is running at a high speed, the compressor is operated at a high speed to increase the pressure of the freon, and therefore much energy will be consumed to turn off the condenser electric fan.
VI. Vehicle internal temperature controlled control method to turn on/off the condenser electric fan according to the internal temperature of the vehicle. As the vehicle is running from a high speed to a low speed, the condenser electric fan will be turned on only after the internal temperature of the vehicle reaches the critical temperature, therefore there is a time delay, and the driver and the passengers may feel hot before the condenser electric fan is turned on; If the vehicle which is radiated by the direct sunlight for a longth of time is running at a high speed, the condenser electric fan will be turned on to produce a current of air for cooling because the internal temperature of the vehicle is high, therefore intake current of air will be blocked by the condenser electric fan, and much energy will be wasted in turning on the condenser electric fan.
The present invention eliminates the aforesaid drawbacks. It is therefore the principal object of the present invention to provide an automobile condenser electric fan controller for controlling the operation of the condenser electric fan of an automobile automatically according to the speed of the automobile. The control is executed by setting a critical speed, and then detecting the speed of the automobile. As the speed of the automobile surpasses the critical speed, the condenser electric fan is turned off automatically; as the speed of the automobile drops below the critical speed, the condenser electric fan is turned on automatically. Therefore, the present invention saves much energy. Because the freon is constantly maintained at low temperature and low pressure, the performance of the air conditioner of the automobile is maintained at a good condition, and the service life of the condenser and the evaporator is greatly extended.

Automobile condenser electric fan controller

3F., No. 8-1, Alley 28, Lane 315, Sec. 2, Shih Pai Road, Pei Tou District


A pneumatic tire is provided, the pneumatic tire including a tread portion, sidewall portions, and bead portions, and the pneumatic tire includes, in the tread portion, a center main groove extending in a tire circumferential direction and a shoulder main groove extending in the tire circumferential direction on the outside of the center main groove; a land portion between the main grooves; lug grooves extending inward in a tire lateral direction from the shoulder main groove and terminating without communicating with the center main groove; a bent portion bending toward one side in the tire circumferential direction, at a terminating end of each of the lug grooves; and a raised bottom portion included in the bent portion, creating a level difference with respect to a lug groove, and being shallower than the lug groove.

Pneumatic tires use a tread pattern in which a plurality of main grooves extending in a tire circumferential direction and rows of land portions defined by the main grooves are formed in a tread portion (for example, see Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-228992). In such pneumatic tires, a plurality of lug grooves extending in a tire lateral direction are formed in the land portions in the tread portion to ensure excellent drainage performance through the lug grooves.
However, when the number of lug grooves in the tread portion increases, the rigidity of the tread portion decreases, and thus steering stability on dry road surfaces declines. On the other hand, when the number of lug grooves in the tread portion decreases, the drainage performance decreases, and thus steering stability on wet road surfaces declines. In this manner, the steering stability on dry road surfaces and the steering stability on wet road surfaces are in a negative correlation, and, consequently, it is difficult to improve both the steering stability on dry road surfaces and the steering stability on wet road surfaces at the same time.
Additionally, when the tread portion is subdivided by the main grooves and the lug grooves, the rigidity of the tread portion is made nonuniform, causing uneven wear in the tread portion readily. Since there are some restrictions on the layout of the main grooves and the lug grooves to suppress uneven wear, it is more difficult to improve uneven wear resistance while achieving good steering stability on dry road surfaces and wet road surfaces in a compatible manner.


A passive sawdust catcher adaptable to a variety of conventional chain saws consists of a sawdust container and a bracket for connecting the container to the chain saw. The container consists of a fabric bag over a rigid frame, having a top and front opening for receiving or discharging sawdust. The bracket fastens to the bottom of the chain saw body and provides for connection of the container to the chain saw when the bracket is so fastened so that the top and front opening of the container is positioned to receive at least 50% of the discharge stream of sawdust created during a cutting operation.

This invention relates to a system for catching sawdust expelled by a chain saw and more particularly to a sawdust catcher for catching and containing the sawdust expelled from a chain saw during operation of the chain saw.
Chain saws historically were developed and used for cutting down trees in the forest. The chain carrying the wood-cutting teeth travels around a guide bar fitted to the body of the saw and in most applications the chain is exposed for the length of the guide bar. During a cutting operation, sawdust is discharged towards and below the bottom of the saw body from the rearward base of the cut and therefore onto the ground where it becomes part of the forest floor. In that application, there was no need to capture and contain the sawdust and neither the applicant nor attorney know of any examples of prior art that demonstrate a means for capturing and containing the sawdust produced by a conventional chain saw during a cutting operation.
Chain saws have now become popular as a yard tool for cutting trees and firewood in the suburban setting where production of a sawdust pile on the ground is not desirable. The applicant's invention solves the sawdust pile problem by providing for a sawdust catcher for a chain saw which passively catches and contains the sawdust produced by a chain saw during a cutting operation.
While other types of conventional wood-working tools with dust collection systems do exist, they are usually stationary tools with some sort of complicated vacuum apparatus for retrieving dust such as hoods enclosing the blades on radial arm saws or vacuum bases on a table saw. Some portable cutting tools with complicated dust collection systems have also been made.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,084,972 a vacuum operated dust collection system for a portable circular saw can be seen.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,033,192 demonstrates a sawdust blower attachment for a power saw.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,074,044 pertains to a dust disposal attachment for a rotary element of a power tool having an impeller encased in an impeller head channelled to a disc enclosing head.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,088,197 provides for a power saw convertible to a chain saw and having a housing member adapted to divert sawdust, said diversion necessitated by the conversion hardware.
None of the dust collection systems previously cited work as simply as the applicant's invention nor are they adaptable to a conventional chain saw and are only mentioned to further demonstrate the novelty and utility of the chain saw sawdust catcher invention.


Ortho phenylphenol or its sodium salt is shown to form synergistic antimicrobial mixtures with nitrogen and aldehyde-containing microbiocides.

O-phenylphenol and Sodium orthophenylphenate (separately or collectively sometimes herein known as "OPP", orthophenolphenol or o-phenylphenol and/or its sodium salt) are known and used extensively as antimicrobial agents in various industrial applications such as preservation of various materials including paints and adhesives as well as to control unwanted microorganisms found in various process waters such as cooling water, paper mills and petroleum production process waters.
The contamination of various products with microbiological growth has led to the study and application of large classes of preservatives, antimicrobial compositions, and microbiocides to inhibit or prevent such contamination. Industrial process waters also have been studied and treated extensively. Preservatives are used in a broad range of products including but not limited to adhesives, cosmetics and toiletries, disinfectants and sanitizers, leather, metalworking fluids, paints and coatings, plastics and resins, latex polymers, textiles and wood. Failure to preserve these products adequately will result in spoilage and loss of the materials to be preserved and will result in an economic loss. Similarly, microbiological growths can have dire consequences if process waters are not adequately treated. Process waters include but are not limited to: industrial recirculating water, paper products (i.e., paper), petroleum production and leather tanning. Process waters are of concern because when fouled with biofilms that develop from the indigenous microbes present, bioflims may develop into thick gelatinous like masses. Slime is produced by a wide range of bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Slime will interfere with the process resulting in a loss of heat transfer, corrosion and fouling.
Some of the microorganisms responsible for the extensive economic effects described above have exhibited resilient resistant tendencies against the standard and widely used microbiocides and antimicrobial compositions, and accordingly the search for more effective antimicrobials has extended to a search for synergistic combinations of materials considered to be relatively safe for humans. There remains a need for combinations of materials of low or nonexistent toxicity to humans which are effective against a wide range of microorganisms.

Synergistic mixtures of o-phenylphenol and other nitrogen and aldehyde microbiocides


A method of making an article of footwear includes the steps of forming a foam shell for an article of footwear by wrapping a foam side wall around the periphery of a base, positioning the foam shell on a last, securing the last and the foam shell within a mold and closing the mold, applying heat and pressure to thereby mold the foam shell to the shape of the last, and then opening the mold and removing the molded article of footwear from the last. In a preferred embodiment, the method further includes the steps of forming an inner bootie, having an inner liner and a foam overlay, and inserting the inner bootie over the last prior to positioning the foam shell thereon. The inner bootie includes the inner liner with the foam overlay attached to selected regions thereof. The step of applying heat and pressure thereby includes molding the inner bootie with the foam shell to form the molded article of footwear.

Numerous articles of footwear and methods for manufacturing the same are known in the prior art. The simplest of these constructions includes stitching together overlapping layers of leather or cloth to form an upper covering for the foot and then using an adhesive to attach a preformed outsole. The adhesive may be applied with a brush, or alternatively, as in U.S. Pat. No. 3,988,797 to Tornero, a shoe upper may be integrally joined to a preformed rubber outsole by placing both the shoe upper and outsole in a mold cavity and then injection molding an outsole adherent therein in order to join the outsole to the upper. Other constructions include forming an injection molded outsole and/or midsole and integrally joining the upper during the molding process of the sole unit. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,245,406 to Landay et al. discloses an athletic shoe in which an upper and a preformed rubber outsole are joined by a foamed polyurethane, injection-molded midsole. The shoe is manufactured by treating the inner surface of a preformed rubber outsole to prepare it for bonding to polyurethane, inserting the treated sole into the bottom of a mold, mounting a preformed upper on a last, lowering the last and closing the mold, with the last spaced above the rubber outsole, injecting a charge of foamable polyurethane between the outsole and the last, and allowing the polyurethane to foam under self-generated pressure to form the midsole and to bond with the outsole and upper.
Each of the above constructions utilizes an injection molding process to form all or part of the sole unit or to adhere the sole to the preformed upper. Further methods of construction, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,150,455 to Fukuoka and U.S. Pat. No. 4,266,314 to Londner epouse Ours, extend the injection molding to improve the upper portion of the article of footwear. Fukuoka disposes an upper base in a mold and then injects a synthetic resin material for the upper into the upper molding cavity. After the upper portion of synthetic resin is cooled, the upper is transferred to the mold for the sole and the sole portion of synthetic resin is injected into the sole molding chamber. After the sole portion of synthetic resin is cooled, the finished molded shoe of synthetic resin is removed from the mold. Londner epouse Ours discloses a lining of leather or other suitable material for the shoe upper onto which are overmolded two overlapping portions of plastic materials of different types. The first layer of plastic material injection molded in direct contact with the lining and covers the entire upper while the second injection molded portion constitutes a stiffening reinforcement that surrounds only the rear counter of the upper and a thin intermediate sole. An outer wearing sole is then added to the article of footwear. The injection molding processes utilized in the above prior art, whether to mold only the sole or portions of the upper as well, have the disadvantages of requiring an additional finishing step for the upper of the article of footwear, injecting parts having difficult areas to fill while being limited to only one foam material per pour; these requirements limited the available foams to those which provided acceptable cosmetics, bonding strength and split tear resistance, no air bubbles, exposure to the elements survival, whiteness/color retention, and were generally flash control foams, such as DALTOPED and similar polyester and polyether based elastomer systems offered by ICI Americas Inc.


A virtual-screen setup unit sets up a virtual screen in a seam of images captured by an image capturing unit, the virtual screen being orthogonal to a road surface and extending in a direction from a near side to a far side of the vehicle. A virtual-screen projection image generation unit performs conversion of the images captured by the image capturing unit for projection onto the virtual screen, and thereby generates a virtual-screen projection image. The virtual-screen projection image is displayed on the image display unit.

In recent years, a system has become common in which a camera is installed in a vehicle to capture and display an image of the surroundings of the vehicle that are likely to be blind spots for a driver.
Particularly, the following system is also recently put to use. In the system, multiple cameras are installed in a vehicle. The system performs coordinate conversion to generate bird's eye view images that are as if the vehicle is overlooked from directly above. Furthermore, the system synthesizes the generated bird's eye view images and thereby displays an image of a 360° view of the surroundings of the vehicle.
Among such systems, for example, an invention is proposed in which the positions of seams of bird's eye view images are set based on the behavior of a vehicle when the images are to be synthesized (Patent Document 1).    Patent Document Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-036668


The present invention provides a method of remediating soil contaminated with organochlorine pesticides by introducing methanotrophic bacteria to the soil if methanotrophic bacteria are not present in the soil, and introducing methane and air to the methanotrophic bacteria-containing soil to effect remediation of the soil. An alternative method involves remediation of soil containing the organochlorine pesticide toxaphene using denitrifying bacteria and nitrate.

Organochlorine pesticides have been used heavily in the U.S. to combat a variety of insect pests. Pesticides have contaminated soils throughout chemical production facilities and from the disposal of container and spray equipment rinsewaters. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has banned most organochlorine pesticides, but not before millions of tons of the pesticides had been used in various applications across the United States. Most organochlorine pesticides are acutely toxic and mutagenic and carcinogenic under certain conditions. They have been found to be accumulated by animals and plants and are persistent in the environment under normal conditions. For example, the half-life of the organochlorine pesticide toxaphene has been estimated at 11-20 years.
Thus, organochlorine pesticides represent a serious threat to the environment and there is clearly a need for innovative technologies for the in-situ remediation of organochlorine pesticide-contaminated soils.
Excavation and incineration are remedial strategies which have been used because of the complete destruction of the contaminant and liability in a short period of time. However, they are costly and cause secondary pollution. In-situ and ex-situ chemical treatments involving oxidants, reductants, and alkalis have also been used with varying degrees of success at sites contaminated with organochlorine pesticides.
It is an object of the invention to provide a method of remediating soil contaminated with organochlorine pesticides. It is a further object of the invention to provide a method of remediating the contaminated soil which is more cost effective than the existing methods.

Remediation of pesticide-contaminated soil


The present invention relates to the cloning and high level expression of novel truncated cellulase proteins or derivatives thereof in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Further aspects of the present invention relate to fungal transformants that express the novel truncated cellulases and derivatives, and expression vectors comprising the DNA gene fragments or variants thereof that code for the truncated cellulases derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum using genetic engineering techniques.

Cellulases are enzymes which hydrolyze cellulose (.beta.-1,4-D-glucan linkages) and produce as primary products glucose, cellobiose, cellooligosaccharides, and the like. Cellulases are produced by a number of microorganisms and comprise several different enzyme classifications including those identified as exo-cellobiohydrolases (CBH), endoglucanases (EG) and .beta.-glucosidases (BG) (Schulein, M, 1988 Methods in Enzymology 160: 235-242). Moreover, the enzymes within these classifications can be separated into individual components. For example, the cellulase produced by the filamentous fungus, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, hereafter T.longibrachiatum, consists of at least two CBH components, i.e., CBHI and CBHII, and at least four EG components, i.e., EGI, EGII, EGIII and EGV (Saloheimo, A. et al 1993 in Proceedings of the second TRICEL symposium on Trichoderma reesei Cellulases and Other Hydrolases, Espoo, Finland, ed by P. Suominen & T. Reinikainen. Foundation for Biotechnical and Industrial Fermentation Research 8: 139-146) components, and at least one .beta.-glucosidase. The genes encoding these components are namely cbh1, cbh2, egl1, egl2, egl3, and egl5 respectively.
The complete cellulase system comprising CBH, EG and BG components synergistically act to convert crystalline cellulose to glucose. The two exo-cellobiohyrolases and the four presently known endoglucanases act together to hydrolyze cellulose to small cello-oligosaccharides. The oligosaccharides (mainly cellobioses) are subsequently hydrolyzed to glucose by a major .beta.-glucosidase (with possible additional hydrolysis from minor .beta.-glucosidase components).
Protein analysis of the cellobiohydrolases (CBHI and CBHII) and major endoglucanases (EGI and EGII) of T. longibrachiatum have shown that a bifunctional organization exists in the form of a catalytic core domain and a smaller cellulose binding domain separated by a linker or flexible hinge stretch of amino acids rich in proline and hydroxyamino acids. Genes for the two cellobiohydrolases, CBHI and CBHII (Shoemaker, S et al 1983 Bio/Technology 1, 691-696, Teeri, T et al 1983, Bio/Technology 1, 696-699 and Teeri, T. et al, 1987, Gene 51, 43-52) and two major endoglucansases, EGI and EGII (Penttila, M. et al 1986, Gene 45, 253-263, Van Arsdell, J. N. et al 1987 Bio/Technology 5, 60-64 and Saloheimo, M. et al 1988, Gene 63, 11-21) have been isolated from T. longibrachiatum and the protein domain structure has been confirmed.
A similar bifunctional organization of cellulase enzymes is found in bacterial cellulases. The cellulose binding domain (CBD) and catalytic core of Cellulomonas fimi endoglucanase A (C. fimi Cen A) has been studied extensively (Ong E. et al 1989, Trends Biotechnol. 7:239-243, Pilz et al 1990, Biochem J. 271:277-280 and Warren et al 1987, Proteins 1:335-341). Gene fragments encoding the CBD and the CBD with the linker have been cloned, expressed in E. coli and shown to possess novel activities on cellulose fibers (Gilkes, N. R. et al 1991, Microbiol Rev. 55:305-315 and Din, N et al 1991, Bio/Technology 9:1096-1099). For example, isolated CBD from C. fimi Cen A genetically expressed in E. coli disrupts the structure of cellulose fibers and releases small particles but have no detectable hydrolytic activity. CBD further possess a wide application in protein purification and enzyme immobilization. On the other hand, the catalytic domain of C. fimi Cen A isolated from protease cleaved cellulase does not disrupt the fibril structure of cellulose and instead smooths the surface of the fiber.
These novel activities have potential uses in textile, food and animal feed, detergents and the pulp and paper industries. However, for industrial application, highly efficient expression systems must be procured that produce higher yields of truncated cellulase proteins than are currently available to be of any commercial value. For example, Trichoderma longibrachiatum CBHI core domains have been separated proteolytically and purified but only milligram quantities are isolated by this biochemical procedure (Offord D., et al 1991, Applied Biochem. and Biotech. 28/29:377-386). Similar studies were done in an analysis of the core and binding domains of CBHI, CBHII, EGI and EGII isolated from T. longibrachiatum after biochemical proteolysis, however, only enough protein was recovered for structural and functional analysis (Tomme, P et al, 1988, Eur. J. Biochem 170:575-581 and Ajo, S, 1991 FEBS 291:45-49).
In order to obtain strains which express higher levels of truncated cellulase proteins than previously realized, applicants chose T. longibrachiatum as the microorganism most preferred for expression since it is well known for its capacity to secrete whole cellulases in large quantities. Thus, applicants set out to genetically engineer strains of the above filamentous fungus to express high levels of bioengineered novel protein truncated cellulases.
It remained unknown before Applicants invention whether the DNA encoding truncated cellulase binding and core domain proteins could be transformed into Trichoderma in such a manner as to overexpress novel truncated cellulase genes into functional proteins without deterioration in the host cell and obtained secretion to facilitate identification and purification of the engineered product. Recently, Nakari and Penttila have shown that it is possible to genetically engineer a Trichoderma host to express a truncated form of the Trichoderma EGI cellulase, specifically the catalytic core domain, however the level of expression of EGI core domain was low (Nakari, T. et al, Abstract P1/63 1st European Conference on Fungal Genetics, Nottingham, England, Aug. 20-23, 1992). Moreover, it was unknown whether a Trichoderma cellobiohydrolase catalytic core domain or any Trichoderma cellobiohydrolase or endoglucanase cellulose binding domain could be produced by recombinant genetic methods.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to introduce DNA gene fragments into strains of the fungus, Trichoderma longibrachiatum to produce transformant strains that express high levels of novel truncated protein (grams/liter level) engineered cellulases from the binding and core domains of Trichoderma cellulases. The truncated proteins are correctly processed and secreted extracellularly in an active form. The present invention further relates to the novel truncated proteins isolated from these transformants.

Cellulase enzymes and systems for their expressions


The subject invention provides a surface-placed a surface sound capturing microphone with a rotatable cable connecting member to allow the output cable extracted position to be simply changed. A surface-placed sound capturing microphone of the subject invention includes a connecting member 2 which connects one end of an output cable 3 for transferring an audio signal captured by a microphone capsule to a predetermined external instrument. The connecting member 2 is mounted in the microphone case 11 and is rotatable around a horizontal rotating shaft in parallel to the placed surface. The output cable of the microphone can be positioned at a horizontal extracted position where the cable is horizontally extracted in parallel to the placed surface and at a vertical extracted position where the cable is vertically extracted relating to the placed surface.

One of desk-top microphones which are used on a table in a conference room or a TV studio is a surface-placed sound capturing microphone. As shown in Japanese Utility Model Registration No. 2515812, the surface-placed sound capturing microphone is called a boundary microphone or a surface-mounted microphone. A low profile microphone case of the microphone is placed on a plane surface such as a table.
The height of a microphone case of the microphone of this kind is low so that the microphone is indistinct and good-looking on TV compared with other desk-top microphones, even if the microphone is placed on a table.
However, the surface-placed sound capturing microphone has a major problem to be solved. An extracted position of a microphone output cable in the microphone of this kind is generally mounted in the back side of the microphone case and the extracted direction is only one direction where is parallel to a placed surface.
Therefore, since one part of the output cable is exposed to the table surface at any time, the extracted portion of the cable spoils the beauty. When a number of the microphones are used on a table in a TV studio, the beauty is further spoiled.
On the other hand, in order to conceal the extracted cable, a simple reconstruction is added such that the microphone is decomposed and a drawing hole is drilled on the bottom of the microphone case and the extracted cable is directly drawn from the hole. However this reconstruction needs to use tools for processing the microphone case and needs time or skill and further causes failure of the microphone.

Surface-placed sound capturing microphone with rotatable cable connecting member


A projection television set having a screen and three projection units each capable of projecting a monochromatic image onto the screen. The projection units each having a cathode ray tube (CRT) optically coupled to a projection lens, which includes both a C-lens and a compound lens. A spacer preferably having three optical passageways is coupled to and between the CRTs and projection lenses such that three coolant chambers are formed. Preferably, the spacer includes fluid passageways that interconnect the coolant chambers. Additionally, the packing members used to seal the coolant chambers preferably include position or alignment retaining components.

The present invention relates generally to projection television sets, and more particularly to sealing devices for the optical unit of a projection television set.
Projection television sets are a popular alternative to picture tube television sets, as they provide relatively large viewable screens that cannot be efficiently produced using conventional picture tubes. Projection television sets typically include an enclosure with an optical unit, a mirror, and electronic components for receiving and projecting an image onto a screen assembly mounted on the front of the enclosure.
As shown schematically in FIG. 1, the optical unit 10 generally includes a set of projection units 20R, 20G, and 20B. Each projection unit projects an image, generally of a single color of light (red, green, or blue), onto the mirror M in the enclosure, which focuses the image onto an inside surface of the screen S. The projection units are mounted to a bracket 50 that is mounted to the enclosure (not shown). The bracket 50 holds the projection assemblies in place within the enclosure at their correct angular orientation.
Each projection unit includes a cathode ray tube (CRT) (22R, 22G, 22B), a projection lens assembly (45R, 45G, 45B), and a spacer (28R, 28G, 28B) interposed between the CRT and lens assembly. A liquid coolant is typically introduced between the projection lens and CRT into a cavity sealed by the spacer, CRT, and projection lens (see FIG. 3). The liquid coolant cools the face of the CRT by dissipating the heat radiating from the CRT and transferring it to the spacer. By lowering the operating temperature of the projection unit, optical performance is enhanced and component life is increased.
The existing optical units, however, have their disadvantages. From a cooling standpoint, the multiple spacers tend to be inherently inefficient. In addition, the packing used to seal the coolant chambers formed by the CRT-spacer-lens assemblies tends to be prone to misalignment during assembly and, thus, prone to leaks. Lastly, construction and assembly of the multiple components that go into existing optical units tends to be cumbersome and, thus, labor intensive. Therefore, it would be desirable to provide optical units that are easy to assemble and install, and that include a more efficient and reliable cooling system.
The present invention is directed to an improved optical unit of a projection television set, which facilitates manufacturability, optical performance, and component longevity. In one particularly innovative aspect, the optical unit of the present invention combines a bracket and individual projection unit-spacers into a single spacer-bracket. Moreover, a spacer-bracket in accordance with the present invention preferably comprises interconnected coolant chambers and reservoirs.
In another particularly innovative aspect, the packing members used to seal the coolant chambers include position or alignment retaining components. Such components aid in the assembly of the optical unit and tend to reduce the likelihood of coolant leaks.
In another innovative aspect, a coolant chamber fill port closure member includes a push plug and packing sleeve.
In another innovative aspect, the CRT holder is coupled to the spacer-bracket via screws and load distributing mounting brackets.
Other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from consideration of the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Optical unit sealing devices for projection television sets

Mitsubishi Digital Electronics America, Inc.


In an oil-cooled screw compressor, a tooth crest arc of a fixed width is provided to the tooth crest of a male tooth profile, and simultaneously a tooth bottom arc is provided to the tooth bottom of a female tooth profile. Due to the actions thereof, the operation chamber immediately before disappearing exists only in a bottom half region from a line that connects the centers of the male and female tooth profiles, and the opening area relative to the volume of the operation chamber can be increased. As a result, the discharge of oil becomes smooth and energy loss is reduced.

Screw compressors are widely used as air compressors as air pressure sources and as refrigerant gas compressors for relatively large refrigeration air conditioning cycles. A geometric shape of a screw rotor, which can be said to be a heart of the screw compressors, has a great influence on performance, vibration noise, and reliability. In particular, a tooth profile defined as a contour shape in a cross section perpendicular to an axis of the rotor is an important characteristic for determining factors, various studies have been made for many years, and various tooth profiles have been proposed, verified and carried out.
For example, JP 2009-243325 A (Patent Document 1) discloses a tooth profile in which a vibration noise is small and a high performance can be achieved, using an involute curve or a circular arc having a center on a pitch circle at a specific position of the tooth profile. In addition, JP 2007-146659 A (Patent Document 2) discloses a method of providing an outer circumferential circular arc at a tooth tip of a male rotor to reduce leakage from a part between a male tooth tip and a bore surface of the casing.

Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co., Ltd.


A method for fabricating polycrystalline silicon film transistors, which includes a polysilicon spacer capping onto a sidewall of an active layer in the thin film transistors by an isotropic dry etching of the silicon film. This method suppresses the shrinkage of the active layer during recrystallization by the laser. Large grains are formed in the channel after recrystallization utilizing a high-energy continuous wavelength laser or an excimer laser annealing the active layer. This process does not require an additional mask. Uniform arrangement of grain boundaries and large grain sizes promotes uniformity of performance of the device, which is important in the fields of low temperature polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors (LTPS-TFTs).

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors with a laser-recrystallized active layer. More particularly, the present invention forms a large silicon grain structure of the active layer without an additional mask.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In growing the thin film transistor display from a low temperature polycrystalline silicon thin film transistor (LTPS-TFT) extending over an amorphous silicon thin film transistor (a-si TFT), it has been proposed to use various conventional display devices, such as, personal digital assistant, digital camera, cell phone so as to substantially enhance resolution, brightness, size and electromagnetic disturbance by LTPS-TFT display.
However, such conventional laser annealing LTPS-TFTs process has proven to be unsatisfactory. When forming the active layer of transistor after the laser recrystallization is used to fabricate LTPS-TFTs, the resulting silicon grain structure typically lacks uniform structure. Such nonuniformity is due to the small and irregular silicon grain which causes the difference of electric characteristic between elements. But, when the laser recrystallization are formed after the active layer of transistor are used to fabricate LTPS-TFTs, the resulting surface tension causes shrinkages, which are caused by melting the silicon film. Therefore, the conventional method can not be used to produce LTPS-TFTs.
The structure of a TFT and silicon-on-insulator metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (SOI-MOSFET) is an insulated layer with poor thermo conductivity under the active layer. When a working current of the device is large a high temperature in the active layer can suddenly be produced, such that a mobility rate of a carrier of the active layer is diminished, so that the relative study reports the division of channel W into parallel connection of many small channels W1 to overcome self-heating effect as shown in FIG. 7. It shows a conventional view of settlement of self-heating effect. More particularly, the conventional division of channel W into two parallel connection of many small channels W1 cannot be sufficiently overcome by dispersing heat during the large working current, unlike the present invention.

Method for fabrication of polycrystallin silicon thin film transistors