A stacked optoelectronic packaged device includes a plurality of stacked components within a package material having a package body providing side walls and a bottom wall for the package, and a lid which seals a top of the package. The stacked components include a first cavity die having a top surface and a bottom surface including at least one through-channel formed in the bottom surface. A bottom die has a top surface including at least one electrical trace and a light source die thereon. At least one of the through-channels of the first cavity die are aligned to the electrical trace, and the first cavity die is bonded to the bottom die with the electrical trace being within the through-channel and not contacting the first cavity die to provide a vacuum sealing structure. A photodetector (PD) is optically coupled to receive the light originating from the light source.

A variety of optoelectronic devices are packaged devices which include a photodetector (PD) and at least one light source that are operated under a vacuum. Conventional MFAC and MFAM packages include a vertically stacked structure inside a package material including a bottom die as a support having electrical traces and at least one light source (e.g., a laser die such as a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL)) mounted thereon, a first cavity die on the bottom die providing a cavity over the light source, and an optics die on the first cavity die. The electrical traces on the bottom die connect an external driver which drives the light source and includes traces for a resistive heater, such as to provide heat to heat the light source die to a temperature above 50° C., for example to a temperature between 60° C. and 80° C. A second cavity die is on a sealing die that is on the optics die, and a photodetector (PD) die is in a location to be coupled to receive the light originating from the light source. The package is a vacuum sealed package.

Optoelectronic packages having through-channels for routing and vacuum


A method may include receiving a request to obtain a data file from a nearest remote computing system in a blockchain network and requesting a transaction history of the data file from the blockchain network. The method may also include determining the nearest remote computing system to the requesting computing system based on the transaction history, where the nearest remote computing system stores a copy of the transaction history and the data file and determining the data file stored on the nearest remote computing system is the same as the requested data file by comparing a first hash value associated with the requested data file to a second hash value associated with the data file stored on the nearest remote computing system. The method may also include receiving the requested data file from the nearest remote computing system; and sending the requested data file to the requesting computing system.

One of the major disadvantages in internet protocol (IP) networking is obtaining data based on the IP address. The desired data may be available at multiple locations, but the requester may be unaware of the location. As a result, the requester may first identify a destination IP address in order to request the data, and the requested IP address may be far away from the requester's location.
Current solutions include using a content delivery network (or content distribution network) (CDN), which is a group of geographically distributed and interconnected servers that provide cached internet content from a network location closest to a user in order to accelerate the content's delivery. CDN users, however, tend to be relatively large content owners who are willing to pay more for higher performance delivery of content to customers. In addition, CDNs run into other potential issues. For example, potential CDN issues may include how to get customer content requests into the CDN system, how to map each request to the nearest CDN node serving the content, or how to guarantee data security when CDN is the middleman.
Other systems attempt to address the issues by using name-based routing, as done by content centric networking (CCN) and named data networking (NDN). However, CCN and NDN systems have not fully solved the problems. For example, NDN systems may have difficulty finding the closest neighboring system from which to fetch the requested data.
The subject matter claimed in the present disclosure is not limited to embodiments that solve any disadvantages or that operate only in environments such as those described above; rather, this background is only provided to illustrate one example technology area where some embodiments described in the present disclosure may be practiced.


Golf balls comprising a core and a cover are disclosed. The core is a dual- or multi-layer core, wherein at least one layer is formed from a rubber composition comprising a base rubber, a free radical initiator, and a hydroquinone. A ratio of the amount of the hydroquinone present in the rubber composition, measured in parts by weight, to the amount of free radical initiator present in the rubber composition, measured in parts by weight, is generally from 0.05 to 2. The core layer formed from such rubber composition has a positive hardness gradient such that the difference between the layer's outer surface hardness and inner surface hardness is 5 Shore C units or greater.

Hydroquinones
In the golf industry, hydroquinones are commonly used in preparing polyurea- and polyurethane-based compositions. The use of hydroquinones in rubber-based golf ball compositions is also known. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,339,119 to Ladd et al. discloses a golf ball containing a cover layer and a core layer, where the core layer is molded from a scorch retarding composition comprising a scorch retarding peroxide, an elastomeric polymer, and a crosslinking agent. The scorch retarding peroxide typically contains a free radical scavenger selected from the group consisting of benzoquinones, hydroquinones, phenols, benzaldehydes, cyclohexadiene-1-ones, and mixtures thereof. The amount of the free radical scavenger in the scorch retarding peroxide is preferably from about 0.01 parts to about 2 parts per 100 parts of the peroxide by weight.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,919,393 to Mano et al. discloses a solid golf ball comprising at least one layer of a core, and at least one layer of a cover formed on the core, wherein at least one layer including the innermost layer of the core is formed by vulcanizing a rubber composition comprising a base rubber, a co-crosslinking agent, a vulcanization initiator and a filler, the core has a center hardness in JIS-C hardness of 40 to 60, a surface hardness in JIS-C hardness of 80 to 95 and a hardness difference (B−A) between a hardness in JIS-C hardness at a distance of 5 mm from the center point of the core (B) and the center hardness (A) of not less than 1 to less than 10. The rubber compositions for the core can contain a hydroquinone compound.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,956,128 to Higuchi et al. discloses a zinc acrylate particle composition comprising zinc acrylate satisfying the conditions, (i) that the proportion accounted for by the zinc acrylate particles measuring not less than 300 μm in particle size as determined by the dry type method be not more than 20% by mass of all the particles, (ii) that the median of particle sizes as determined by the dry type method be in the range of 10-300 μm, and (iii) that the ratio of the median (A) of particle sizes as determined by the dry type method to the median (B) of particle sizes as determined by the wet type method exceed 2, and an anionic surfactant. The acrylic acid used to produce the zinc acrylate particle composition may contain therein such a polymerization inhibitor as hydroquinone or hydroquinone monomethyl ether.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,767,940 to Voorheis et al. is directed to a golf ball having a core and cover, particularly to a golf ball core formed from a composition including an elastomeric polymer, a free radical initiator, and at least one stable free radical. The composition can further include one or more free radical scavengers and scorch retarders to increase the scorch time of the elastomeric polymer. Suitable free radical scavengers include benzoquinones; hydroquinones; phenols; benzaldehydes; cyclohexadiene-1-ones; and mixtures thereof.
U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0052253 to Fushihara et al. discloses a one-piece solid golf ball formed from a rubber composition comprising a mixture consisting of polybutadiene (a) synthesized using nickel-containing catalyst and polybutadiene (b) synthesized using cobalt-containing catalyst and hydroquinone or derivatives thereof as a vulcanization stabilizer, wherein a Mooney viscosity and a weight ratio of the polybutadienes (a) and (b), an amount of the vulcanization stabilizer, a center hardness and surface hardness of the golf ball, and a difference between the maximum hardness and minimum hardness in the golf ball are adjusted to a specified range. Examples of vulcanization stabilizers include 2,5-di-t-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-t-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-dimethylhydroquinone, bromohydroquinone, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorohydroquinone and the like.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,488,597 to Iwami et al. discloses, for example in Table 1 on page 5, the use of 2,5-di-t-butylhydroquinone as an antioxidant in a golf ball core formulation.
U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0213440 to Goguen et al. discloses the use of hydroquinone-containing rubber compositions in a variety of golf ball layers.
Additional background references include U.S. Pat. No. 6,919,393 to Mano et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,956,128 to Higuchi et al., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0052253 to Fushihara et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 6,488,597 to Iwami et al.
Resilient Cores
The primary source of resilience, as measured by coefficient of restitution ("COR"), in commercially available golf balls is polybutadiene rubber, which is generally used to form all or part of the core. It is known that the resilience of a golf ball core, at a given compression, may be increased by forming a core layer from a rubber composition comprising an organosulfur compound. However, organosulfur compounds can be expensive and can cause processing difficulties.
While the use of hydroquinones in rubber golf ball compositions has been disclosed, there is a need in the industry to broaden the applicability of such compositions to particular golf ball constructions having desirable spin, feel, and distance properties. The present invention provides such golf ball constructions through the use of a dual- or multi-layer core formed from a rubber composition comprising a base rubber and a hydroquinone.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method, an apparatus and a system for downlink channel transmission. The method for downlink channel transmission includes: sending PDCCH information, where original information of the information includes a first part of the information and a second part of the information; the second part of the information includes downlink control information DCI content information, and the first part of the information includes indication information for indicating a related parameter of the DCI content information in the second part of the information; after receiving the PDCCH, obtaining, by a receiving end, the first part of the information and verifies it, if correct, obtaining the related parameter of the DCI content information in the second part of the information according to the indication information, and performing convolutional decoding for specific DCI content information in the second part of the information according to the related parameter.

In downlink service data transmission of LTE (Long Term Evolution, 3 GPP long-term Evolution), multiple MSs (Mobile Station, terminal mobile apparatus) in a cell dynamically multiplex time-frequency resources. Which time-frequency resources are occupied by a certain MS is indicated by PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel, Physical Downlink Control Channel) information corresponding to the MS, and the PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel, Physical Downlink Shared Channel) of the MS and other signaling information are obtained through the PDCCH information.
Referring to FIG. 1, a distribution diagram of PDCCH information and PDSCH information in a sub frame is shown. The PDCCH information is generally located in the first 1-3 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Symbol, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) Symbols in the sub frame, and the PDSCH of each MS in the current sub frame and other signaling are indicated through the PDCCH information.
In the LTE system, the PDCCH resource that needs to be intercepted by each MS changes dynamically. Before detection, the MS does not know whether and which PDCCH is delivered to itself, and therefore, all possible situations are required to be detected (referred to as blind detection) to obtain the PDCCH corresponding to the MS.
The MS detecting the PDCCH is performed in a search space, and the search space is classified into two types, where one type is CSS (Common Search Space, common search space), and the other type is DSS (Dedicated Search Space, dedicated search space). The CSS is a common search space, and PDCCH information included in the CSS is common information of a part of the MSs. The DSS is a dedicated search space for a certain MS, and information included in the DSS is only valid for a certain MS.
The PDCCH in the two types of search spaces, namely, CSS and DSS, has different encoded length AL (Aggregation Level, aggregation level). Referring to Table 1, a mapping table of PDCCH length and location in search space in a version of protocol (which is similar in situations of other versions). In the table, CCE (Control Channel Element, control channel element) is the minimum unit of resource occupied by the control channel, and one CCE is corresponding to 36 REs (Resource Element, resource element, the minimum allocation unit of resource).
TABLE 1Mapping Table of PDCCH Length and Location in Search SpaceInformation Length LType of SearchUsing CCE as anThe Number of PDCCHSpaceUnit After EncodingLocation CandidatesDSS16264282CSS4482
It can be seen from the column of "the number of PDCCH location candidates" in the Table 1 that, the PDCCH location is not fixed, and therefore, when the blind detection is performed, the detection needs to be performed at different locations. Moreover, original information of the PDCCH information is DCI (Downlink Control Information, downlink control information), and as for several types of DCI format (DCI format) with the same length, detection may be performed through one-time convolutional decoding (such as Viterbi decoding). If DCI formats having different lengths exist, decoding is required for multiple times.
In the prior art, in order to reduce the amount of computation during the blind detection, several types of formats having similar lengths are compensated into formats having the same length by using zero padding method under a condition of reducing a part of the performance, so as to reduce the number of times of the decoding.
Referring to Table 2, a relationship table of DCI format type and the number of times of required detection in the search space is shown. DCI format 1C is a first type, and DCI format 0/1A/3/3A after the zero padding has the same length, and the several types of formats are classified into a second type. For a third type of formats DCI format 1/1B/1D/2/2A, the MS only needs to detect one of them according to a current transmission mode.
TABLE 2DCI Format and the Number of Times ofDetection in Corresponding Search SpaceTypeDetected DCI FormatCSSDSSType 1DCI format 1C6 times 0 timesType 2DCI format 0/1A/3/3A6 times16 timesType 3DCI format 1/1B/1D/2/2A0 times16 times
It can be seen from Table 2 that, the type 1 format (DCI format 1C) information may only appear in the CSS, and therefore, detection is only needed to be performed in the CSS. Referring to Table 1, different location combinations corresponding to the PDCCH having different lengths after the encoding are totally 4+2=6 types, so detection is required to be performed for 6 times. Likewise, the type 2 format (DCI format 0/1A/3/3A) may appear in the CSS and may also appear in the DSS, so detection is required to be performed for 4+2(CSS)+6+6+2+2(DSS)=22 times. The type 3 format only appears in the DSS, so detection is required to be performed for 6+6+2+2=16 times. When blind detection is performed, convolutional decoding is required to be performed for at most 44 (6+22+16) times.
In the implementation of the present invention, the inventor finds that the prior art at least has the following defect:
When the blind detection is performed, multiple times (for example, 44 times) of convolutional decoding are required to be performed, and the amount of computation of convolutional computation in each decoding process is large, and therefore, the total amount of computation is large, thereby reducing the process efficiency.

Method, apparatus and system for downlink channel transmission


There is provided a light-emission controlling apparatus comprising a light-emission time integrating unit (107) for measuring the integral of the length of time that an electric discharge lamp (106) has emitted light, a comparing unit (1082) for comparing the integral of the length of time that the electric discharge lamp (106) has emitted light which is measured by the light-emission time integrating unit (107) to a reference value, a light-emission mode selecting unit (1083) for selecting either a first light-emission mode or a second light-emission mode according to a comparison result from the comparing unit (1082) so as to cause the electric discharge lamp (106) to emit light in one light-emission mode selected, and a display controlling unit (1084) for transmitting information about the comparison result from the comparing unit (1082) as the information about the light-emission state of said light-emitting means, by way of a local are network (109), to a display device (500 and 501) disposed outside the light-emission controlling apparatus, and for displaying the information on the display device.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a light-emission controlling apparatus disposed in an automobile or the like, for changing a light-emission mode of a light-emitting device such as an electric discharge lamp such as a high-voltage sodium lamp, or a metal halide lamp, or an incandescent lamp so that the light-emitting device switches between its light-emission modes.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Referring now to FIG. 22, there is illustrated a schematic diagram showing the structure of a prior art light-emission controlling apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laying Open (KOKAI) No. 6-243979. In the figure, reference numeral 5 denotes an electric discharge lamp, 8 denotes a switch, 9 denotes a voltage detecting circuit having a terminal connected to a point of connection between capacitors 4b and 4c via the switch 8, for detecting a voltage across the electric discharge lamp 5 after an electric breakdown is produced in the electric discharge lamp 5, 11 denotes a current detecting circuit for detecting a current flowing through the electric discharge lamp 5, and 12 denotes an electric-breakdown detecting circuit for detecting a current which can rush into the electric discharge lamp 5 when an electric breakdown is produced in the electric discharge lamp 5 so as to generate a signal indicating whether or not an electric breakdown is produced.
Furthermore, reference numeral 13 denotes a control unit implemented via a microcomputer or the like, for switching on or off the switch 8 and for controlling the frequency of a signal delivered to an inverter circuit 2 according to signals from the voltage detecting circuit 9, the current detecting circuit 11, and the electric-breakdown detecting circuit 12, and 15 denotes an alarm lamp through which the control unit 13 can warn a user when it determines that the value of the lighting voltage across the electric discharge lamp 5, which is informed by the voltage detecting circuit 9, is not within the range of lighting voltage ratings.
In operation, when the light switch is turned on and an electric breakdown is produced in the electric discharge lamp 5, a current rushes into the electric discharge lamp 5. Then the electric-breakdown detecting circuit 12 detects the current rushing into the electric discharge lamp 5 and then furnishes a pulse indicating that an electric breakdown is produced to the control unit 13.
In response to the pulse from the electric-breakdown detecting circuit 12, the control unit 13 reads the value of the voltage across the electric discharge lamp 5 which is converted by the voltage detecting circuit 9 and compares the current value of the voltage across the electric discharge lamp with the minimum value of the lighting voltage ratings of the electric discharge lamp 5 which was preset to the control unit 13. If the control unit 13 determines that the current value of the voltage across the electric discharge lamp 5 is lower that the minimum value, it causes the alarm lamp 15 to light up.
On the contrary, if the control unit 13 determines that the current value of the voltage across the electric discharge lamp 5 is greater that or equal to the minimum value of the lighting voltage ratings of the electric discharge lamp 5, it further compares the current value of the voltage across the electric discharge lamp to the maximum value of the lighting voltage ratings of the electric discharge lamp 5 which was preset to the control unit 13. If the control unit 13 determines that the current value of the voltage across the electric discharge lamp is greater that the maximum value, it causes the alarm lamp 15 to flash on and off.
Since the prior art light-emission controlling apparatus is so constructed as mentioned above, there is a problem in that the provision of the alarm lamp has to be made in addition to the electric discharge lamp in order to warn the user that the value of the voltage across the electric discharge lamp 5 is not within the range of lighting voltage ratings, and hence it increases the hardware cost.
Another problem with the prior art light-emission controlling apparatus is that it is difficult for the user to realize the current light-emission state of the electric discharge lamp 5 because the user cannot get specific information about the light-emission state of the electric discharge lamp 5.


A turbine or compressor blade designed for deliberate, controlled failure in a gas turbine engine during testing of the engines, includes a lower-strength tubular insert in an axial through bore in the root portion of the blade, which insert fails at preselected conditions to induce blade failure.

Gas turbine engines as utilized in the aerospace industry must undergo stringent testing prior to certification. Such testing includes various failure modes of the engine, wherein one or more components of the engine are induced to failure, and the engine reaction to such failure must meet certain standards. For example, one such testing for certification contemplates the loss or failure of a compressor or turbine blade within the engine, and the subsequent ingestion of the broken part through the engine. Dependent upon a particular test the engine must maintain certain minimum performance, and/or comply with controlled failure specifications. Such testing and the results therefrom are most valuable and accurate if they reasonably and reliably occur under conditions of the gas turbine engine as it would be used in service.
A typical prior arrangement for deliberately inducing a failure of a compressor or turbine blade within a gas turbine engine is illustrated in FIG. 1. Here an airfoil 10 has deliberate undercuts 12, 14 machined in a narrow, neck section 16 between the airfoil platform 18 and its root 20. This test blade is inserted in a turbine or compressor wheel of a gas turbine engine which is then run up through speed and power. If failure does not occur, the engine must be disassembled, the undercuts 12, 14 increased in size, and the process repeated gradually until release of the blade occurs to permit the test to proceed. Of course, if the test blade fails prior to reaching the required speed and power of the engine, not only must the test be repeated, but also the entire engine or significant portions thereof must be rebuilt.
These methods for testing a gas turbine engine can be quite time consuming and high in cost. Further, due to the near constant strength of the blade material over the operational temperatures it experiences in the engine, the test blade tends to fail as a function of speed rather than of time. Thus, it may be difficult to determine whether or not the remainder of the engine has reached its normal operating condition (i.e., whether all components of the engines have reached their steady state operating temperature) at the time of the blade release.


A method applied to T.38 gateway for making high-speed facsimile fall back to ordinary facsimile, including: detecting a call menu signal from a calling high-speed facsimile machine: intercepting the call menu signal when the call menu signal containing high-speed facsimile service information is detected; detecting a digital identification signal from a called high-peed facsimile machine; setting V.8BIT in the digital identification signal to zero. The method of the invention is a reliable and effective method for identifying a facsimile service and making a high-speed facsimile process fall back to an ordinary facsimile process.

With the development of INTERNET technologies, IP facsimile technologies have also been developed rapidly. In the facsimile network structure shown in FIG. 1a, the facsimile machines each accesses the IP (Internet Protocol) network via respective gateways corresponding to the facsimile machines to realize facsimile communication. However, for a simple network, the gateways and facsimile machines may be connected only via telephone lines, without via telephone switching network. Real-time IP facsimile may be implemented in two modes, i.e., pass-through mode and relay mode. The relay mode is a facsimile conforming to T.38 protocol. Because resistance to network damage is poor in the pass-through mode, media gateways or relay gateways usually support facsimile in T.38 protocol. When a facsimile machine initiates a call, a gateway only takes the service as an ordinary telephone call, without identifying whether the call is a facsimile service; and signals are all transmitted in voice mode. The gateway considers that a facsimile service is present and starts to transfer facsimile data in the mode specified in T.38 protocol only when the gateway detects a special signal from the facsimile machine.
At present, there are mainly two types of facsimile machines on the market: one is ordinary facsimile machine with a highest transmission rate of 14400 bps, and the other is high-speed facsimile machine with a highest transmission rate of 33600 bps. These two types of facsimile machines conform to different facsimile processes, and their signal sending mode and operation mode are also different. The former conforms to T.30 protocol, while the latter conforms to the AnnexF part of the T.30 protocol and V.8 protocol. Generally, gateway products on the market can detect signals of an ordinary facsimile machine. With the market occupancy of high-speed facsimile machines becoming larger and larger, it is also required that signals of a high-speed facsimile machine may be detected correctly.
At present, the highest transmission rate supported by most of the gateway products which support facsimile in T.38 mode is usually 14400 bps. A method of performing a V.21 (H)FLAG detection on a PSTN-side signal is used. Specifically, it is determined whether it is a facsimile service by detecting whether there is a FLAG signal in a receive Digital Identification Signal (DIS). A basic calling process of an ordinary facsimile machine may be understood with reference to FIG. 1. After a facsimile service is initiated, the sending facsimile machine sends a Calling tone (CNG) signal. The receiving party sends a called station identification (CED) signal and a DIS. The sending end sends a Digital Command Signal (DCS) as a response after detecting the DIS signal and then starts training and sending facsimile pages.
The DIS signal is modulated in V.21(H) modulation, the central frequency of its carrier frequency is 1750 Hz, and bit0 is modulated into a signal of 1850 Hz and bit1 is modulated into a signal of 1650 Hz. The content of the DIS signal is constructed with FLAGs (0×7e) for 1 second and a frame signal. Gateways generally perform V.21(H) detection. If it is determined that the demodulated data is a FLAG signal, it indicates that a facsimile service is present. The transmission rate of data modulated in V.21 will be 300 bps, equivalent to sending about 37 0×7e, because FLAGs are sent continuously for 1 second. Therefore, a gateway usually determines that a facsimile signal is present after detecting several 0×7e, and then switches to T.38 facsimile mode.
The method may correctly detect the FLAG signal of an ordinary facsimile machine. However, when the sending and receiving facsimile machines arc both high-speed facsimile machines, no signal in V.21(H) FLAG form is sent, because the facsimile process for the high-speed facsimile machines is totally different from that of ordinary facsimile machines, and the calling process conforms to V.8 protocol. As a result, the gateway cannot detect the FLAG signal, and thus cannot switch from voice mode to facsimile mode. A basic process otf higlh-speed facsimile is as shown in FIG. 2. The sending end sends a Calling tone (CNG) signal, and continuously sends Call Menu (CM) signals upon receipt of an answer tone with phase reversals (ANSam) signal fed back by the receiving end. If the receiving end sends a Joint Menu (JM) signal soon after it detects two complete CM signals, the sending party responds to the JM signal with a CM terminator (CJ) signal, and then the process enters training and facsimile procedures.
The CM is a signal modulated by V.21(L), and the central frequency of its carrier frequency is 1080 Hz. The CM signal contains parameters such as modulation rate of a facsimile machine, etc., and the CJ indicates that the sending of the CM signal completes. The ANSam is a single-frequency signal of 2100 Hz. Its longest transmission is 4 seconds, and its phase is reversed once every 450 nms. The JM is a signal modulated by V.21(H), which indicates that an available CM signal has been received. Although the JM is modulated using V.21(H), it does not contain the V.21(H) FLAG signal of an ordinary facsimile.
Because signals in V.21(H) FLAG form are not present in a calling procedure of a high-speed facsimile, the gateway cannot switch from voice mode to facsimile mode. Thus, a facsimile by a high-speed facsimile machine cannot be transferred via a gateway.
At present, after the market share of high-speed facsimile machines incretises, some gateways also employ such a method for detecting a facsimile signal: detecting the ANSam and the V.21(H) FLAG at the same time. When a gateway detects an ANSam signal, the gateway does not package the voice data. If no available V.21(H) FLAG signal is received in a time-out period for the ANSam signal, the gateway will determine that the service is a voice service and starts packaging. If a V.21(H) FLAG signal is detected in the time-out period, which indicates that a facsimile service is present, the gateway switches to T.38 state and sets V.8BIT in the DIS signal to zero.
In this method, the ANSam signal is intercepted. In fact, the high-speed tacsliile process is converted to an ordinary facsimile process by force. The sending facsimile machine cannot send a CM signal because it cannot receive an available ANSam signal. After sending the ANSam signal, the receiving facsimile machine sends a DIS signal because it cannot receive the CM signal from the sending facsimile machine. Thus, the facsimile process will proceed as ain ordinary facsimile process.
In addition to voice and facsimile, the media or relay gateway sevices also include MDOEM service. A MODEM calling initiation process also conforms to V.8 protocol, which is similar to the calling process of high-speed facsimile. For the MODEM service, the above method will cause adverse influence and training failure as well as disconnection dule to the interception of ANSam signal in the method.

Method and apparatus for switching high-speed facsimile to ordinary facsimile


A connector is provided with a first housing (10), a second housing (20), a slider (30) and a detector (40). The detector (40) includes rotary shafts (43A) and the first housing (10) includes rotation supports (19B) into which the rotary shafts (43A) are fit to rotatably support the detector (40). Thus, when the detector (40) is viewed from the back side of the first housing (10), whether a position of a pressing portion (44) projected on the first housing (10) is aligned with a recess (26A) changes before and after a movement of the detector (40). Therefore, a detecting operation of the detector (40) can be confirmed easily.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a connector and to a connector assembly.
2. Description of the Related Art
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-338344 discloses a connector with first and second housings that are connectable with one another. The connector employs a slider as a force multiplying mechanism to assist in the connection of the housings. The connector further has a detector that is movable straight along a direction normal to moving directions of the slider after the slider is slid to connect the housings completely.
An operator must judge from the external appearance whether the detector has reached a detecting position. However, the line of sight of the operator may lie at a back side with respect to a moving direction of the detector in certain installations and the operator may be unable to confirm the detecting operation before and after the movement of the detector. In such a case, there is a problem of difficulty in confirming the detecting operation.
The invention was developed in view of this problem and an object thereof is to make it easier to confirm a detecting operation of a detecting member.


A circuit board (1) which comprises a plurality of electrically conductive layers, conductive patterns formed in the layers, and intermediate electrically insulating layers, and which further comprises a surface-related layer (3) which screens against electromagnetic interference, wherein an outermost conductive layer (3) is provided with a plurality of coordinated connection islands (3a-3e) or the like, where selected connection islands are adapted for electrical and mechanical coaction with connection pads (2a-2d) or the like for a surface-mounted discrete component (2). A further electrically conductive layer (4) disposed contiguous with and beneath the outermost conductive layer (3) and separated by an insulating layer is comprised of a layer foil that screens against electromagnetic interference. The electrically conductive layer foil has formed therein a plurality of through-penetrating holes (4a, 4e), each of which is adapted and dimensioned with a cross-sectional size which slightly exceeds the cross-sectional size of an electric conductor (2a) drawn through a respective hole (4a), the electric conductor (2a) being connected at one end, either directly or indirectly, to one of the connection pads (2a-2d) and at its other end directly to a conductor (6a) in a conductor pattern formed in an inner, further electrically conductive layer (6).

Several different designs of such circuit boards are known to the art.
The latest development within electronic equipment tends towards increasing signal speed and towards increasing the compactness of discrete circuits on circuit boards. These measures has led to problems relating to electromagnetic interference (EMI).
Various measures have also been proposed in endeavours to reduce or fully eliminate the electromagnetic interferences that result primarily from higher signal rates and short switch-over times.
Concerns other than EMI are related to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and electromagnetic discharge (EMD).
It is also known to fully "cover" or enclose circuits of this kind in an electrically conductive material so as to obtain effective screening to and from the surroundings.
It is also known to fully encapsulate circuit boards in a metallic casing and to provide delimited holes in the casing through which cables and conductors can be connected to the circuit board.
In the case of circuit boards, it is known to attempt to "cover" and enclose the signal-carrying conductors formed in one or more electrically conductive layers in the form of copper foils inwardly of a circuit board having external earth-potential related electrically conductive layers.
An example of this technique is given in publication EP-A2-0 238 267.
Such measures are taken in order to prevent external electromagnetic interference fields from obtaining access to the interior of the circuit board and also to prevent the emission of electromagnetic fields generated by board components as interference fields.
It is also known in circuit boards to endeavour to utilize mutually opposing external electrically conductive layers and to connect said layers to earth potential such as to give said layers a screening function.
However, such circuit boards normally require electric conductors to be included in these screening layers.
The provision of such conductors requires conductor-related foil sections to be isolated from the electrically conductive layer or from the remainder of the foil, wherein it is known to form said conductors by etching away selected sections of the metal foil, such as to enable the conductors to be formed without contact with the remainder of the metal foil.
In this regard, it is known to permit that part or those parts of the metal foil or the outer copper layers that have not been used as conductors for connection purposes and which have not been etched away to remain on the circuit board and to connect this part or these parts to earth, so that the layer will obtain a partial screening function.
It is quite natural that screening layers etched in this manner are unable to provide a complete or a maximum screen, since several different conductor patterns have been formed therein with peripheral exposure of the metal foil.
Even though encapsulation forms part of the earlier standpoint of techniques in preventing electromagnetic interference, this technique will not be described for the sake of simplicity.
The earlier standpoint of techniques also includes the realization that screening problems are heightened with increasing frequencies of electromagnetic fields and interference fields.
It has been discovered in the development of electronics towards still higher working frequencies and shorter switch-over times that a screening technique of the aforesaid kind is no longer satisfactory.
One of the reasons for this is apparently because the conductors formed in the outer metal layer form radiation sources. Foil sections that have been etched away provide screen-free surfaces through which fields and interference fields are able to pass.
In certain cases, these circumstances may result in a screening layer amplifying outwardly directed radiation and become highly receptive to external radiation or interference fields.
The reason for this is believed to be because chosen dimensions of openings provided in the copper layer for forming said conductors within the electrically conductive layer and the chosen lengths of the conductors can result in correspondence to an adapted antenna length or a part thereof for certain frequencies of functions used in the circuit board.
By way of example, it can be mentioned that an oscillation of 3 GHz in air results in a wavelength of 10 cm, and a conductor length of 2.5 cm. generates an antenna function having a 1/4 wavelength.
It will be noted that a conductor structure having the aforesaid adapted length is reciprocal, meaning that it functions both in a transmitting and a receiving mode, which in the latter case lowers the immunity that a screen is intended to offer, and certain length dimensions will afford good reception conditions for corresponding external interference frequencies.
With regard to a further standpoint of techniques in this regard, reference can be made to the disclosures made in U.S. Pat. No. 5,341,274.
A bottom layer (4) is comprised of a layer produced from insulating material and can be readily formed with the aid of a stencil-printing process. Subsequent to having formed the bottom layer (4), a conductive layer (5) is formed in a stencil-printing process within a region (12) located beneath an IC circuit. There is then applied a top layer (6) in the form of an insulating material formed around the whole surface of a substrate (1), with the exception of parts (2a) that are intended to receive the pin connectors of an integrated circuit.
The upper layer (6) can be formed from the same material as the bottom layer (4). The publication also discloses that the electrically conductive layer (5) is formed so as to have no contact with the connections (2a) of the integrated circuit in the region between the pin connections, as shown in FIG. 8b.
The frequency components generated within this region will thereby be limited and radiation noise can be dampened.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,274,193 also teaches a multi-layer circuit board which utilizes an electromagnetic screening layer produced from a treated copper paste and applied so as to cover substantially the whole surface.
Publication EP-A1-0 578 888 discloses that a circuit board may be provided with an electrically conductive rail which extends along mutually opposite sides and along a part of its rear side, therewith creating the possibility of connecting the circuit board to an earth plane and therewith create conditions for screening against EMI radiation.
The subject matter of U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,323,299, 5,335,147 and 5,006,667 also forms part of the prior art.

Circuit board with screening arrangement against electromagnetic interference


A pulse-induction-type metal detector in which the receiver coil comprises bifilar windings that are connected in series, opposing during the coil pulse and in series, aiding, following the coil pulse. Pick-up of energy by the receiver coil during the coil pulse is thereby minimized and the duration of oscillations is curtailed. Owing to the rapid recovery of the system from the flux change that is used to charge the target, the signal sampling gate can be positioned very close to the trailing edge of the coil-current pulse, whereby detection of targets with very short time constants is made possible.

This invention relates to metal detectors, and specifically to receiver coils used in pulse-induction-type metal detectors.
In such detectors, a primary magnetic flux pulse is directed into the medium to be searched, and a secondary flux is generated by eddy-currents in the target. The voltage induced by the secondary flux is sensed by a receiver coil.
The primary flux also induces a voltage in the receiver coil, and the target voltage cannot be effectively detected until the effects of the primary flux have substantially subsided.
The energy absorbed by the receiver coil is not dissipated immediately after the cessation of the coil pulse. The inductance and self-capacitance of the receiver coil constitute a resonant circuit that oscillates until the absorbed energy is dissipated. Usually a damping circuit is placed across the terminals of the coil to minimize the oscillations.
Even when a damping circuit is used, a minimum delay must be inserted between the end of the coil pulse and the beginning of the signal gating pulse, to avoid admixture of target and artifact signals.
The length of the delay determines the shortest time constant that a target signal can have to be detectable by the coil system. The target signal decays exponentially with time, and after a time interval that corresponds to about four time constants, it has been reduced to substantially zero.
This circumstance is of particular significance in metal detectors intended to detect high-resistivity metals. Tramp metal on conveyor belts frequently includes objects made of high-resistivity alloys. Gold veins and nuggets also represent targets with short time constants, owing to the relatively high resistivity of gold and the irregular eddy-current paths in such targets.
To mitigate the above difficulties, coil configurations that minimize the amount of intercepted energy have been devised. The "induction balance" type coil configuration is an example of such an arrangement. This amounts to a physical alignment of the coils in which the receiver coil intercepts essentially equal amounts of flux of opposing polarities from the transmitter coil.
The same effect can be obtained by adding a compensating coil with a tighter coupling to the receiver coil than the transmitter coil.
Penland, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,471,773 shows a coil configuration exemplifying the induction balance principle.
Thompson, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,255,711 shows the use of the compensating coil. Both of the above methods suffer from the drawback that the sensitivity of the detector is decreased by their use.
Furthermore, the balanced condition of the coil system is disturbed by the presence of magnetic minerals in the searched medium.
Parks, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,866,424 recognizes the problem created by energy absorption by the receiver coil, but does not solve the problem. Commercialized units of the detector described in the patent are being used at airports, and field tests have shown that knives made from titanal with 6-inch blades can be passed through the coil system without causing an alarm, even when the detector is used at its highest sensitivity

Metal detector with improved receiver coil


A slick-line coax cable for use in downhole well-logging under conditions which would normally prevent logging with standard `stranded` line cables includes a device for preventing migration of fluid inside the cable, a coaxial conductive layer of metal to allow more efficient data transfer from the downhole logging tools to the surface recording equipment, and a seal for terminating the downhole end of the metal-encapsulated cable thereby preventing downhole pressure and fluid migration into the cable.

Gathering petrophysical, geophysical and well production information through well logging techniques using instruments suspended with stranded cables is well known and widely practiced. Typical measurements made by such methods include various types of geophysical and petrophysical measurements as well as various types of well production information including, but not limited to, formation pressure, flow rate, cement status, water flow, corrosion and the response of the well bore environment to sundry electrical, acoustic, nuclear and magnetic stimuli.
The conventional cable used in well-logging is a stranded multi-conductor cable which includes a layer of armor strands. One version of this cable has a core comprised of six outer conductors cabled around a single center conductor and embedded in a neoprene matrix. The outer conductors are formed by copper wire strands twisted around a single center strand. Each conductor is covered with a layer of suitable insulation material. Although the neoprene matrix fills substantially all the voids between conductors within the cable core, voids still may exist within the conductors themselves between and about the strands. The core is surrounded by a jacket of insulating material. The jacket is enclosed by a first and a second layer of armor strands. The core may include electrical conductors and/or optical fibers and electrical insulating and mechanical protecting sheaths immediately surrounding the electrical conductors or the optical fibers. In a second version of this cable, the jacket between the core and the armor strands is made of a thermoplastic material such as Polyethylene or Ethylene Propylene Copolymer (EPC). This thermoplastic material is such that it allows strands to embed into the jacket material. The armor strands lie in grooves generated on the periphery of the jacket and the grooves help to maintain the armor strands in a close relationship with the jacket/core. When tension is applied to the cable, the thermoplastic material fills the interstices between the armor strands, the armor strands embed deeper into the jacket material, and over time, the cable becomes permanently elongated.
Although use of the foregoing cables is highly satisfactory for many well logging operations, use of either cable in a well containing substantial amounts of low molecular weight hydrocarbons, such as methane gas, involves a substantial risk of failure in the cable and/or the cable terminations when the cable is rewound after a logging job. Due to the borehole depth and a wellbore temperature in excess of 150.degree. C., which is quite common, the gas can permeate the matrix of the cable and the insulation materials of the conductors due to a phenomenon that may be called activated diffusion. The permeation causes pressure buildup and gas entrapment in the conductor voids. As the cable is removed from the well and wound back upon the drum at the surface, release of the entrapped gas is only accomplished through bleed out at the terminated ends of the conductors, or outright rupture of the insulation materials themselves. In either case, releasing the gas may result in an undesirable cable failure due to an electrical short.
Other characteristics in a borehole environment, in particular downhole pressure, can greatly affect cable performance. Extremely high pressure can cause the migration of borehole fluid inside the cable. This migration of fluid will directly affect the transfer of data from the downhole logging tool to the surface. In addition, downhole pressure can enter the cable and damage the conductor insulation.
For the foregoing reasons, there is a need for an apparatus which isolates pressure from the surface environment while simultaneously permitting the entrance and movement of a cable for downhole logging.

Coax-slickline cable for use in well logging


Embodiments herein described provide antigen-presenting cell-mimetic scaffolds (APC-MS) and use of such scaffolds to manipulating T-cells. More specifically, the scaffolds are useful for promoting growth, division, differentiation, expansion, proliferation, activity, viability, exhaustion, anergy, quiescence, apoptosis, or death of T-cells in various settings, e.g., in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo. Embodiments described herein further relate to pharmaceutical compositions, kits, and packages containing such scaffolds. Additional embodiments relate to methods for making the scaffolds, compositions, and kits/packages. Also described herein are methods for using the scaffolds, compositions, and/or kits in the diagnosis or therapy of diseases such as cancers, immunodeficiency disorders, and/or autoimmune disorders.

Immunotherapy involving the priming and expansion of T lymphocytes (T cells) holds promise for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases, particularly in humans (Melief et al., Immunol. Rev. 145: 167-177 (1995); Riddell et al., Annu. Rev. Immunol. 13:545-586 (1995)). Current studies of adoptive transfer in patients with viral infections and/or cancer involve the infusion of T cells that have been stimulated, cloned and expanded for many weeks in vitro on autologous dendritic cells (DC), virally infected B cells, and/or allogeneic feeder cells (Riddell et al., Science 257:238-241 (1992); Yee et al., J. Exp. Med. 192:1637-1644 (2000), Brodie et al., Nat. Med. 5:34-41 (1999); Riddell et al., Hum. Gene Ther. 3:319-338 (1992), Riddell et al., J. Immunol. Methods 128:189-201 (1990)). However, since adoptive T cell immunotherapy clinical trials often require billions of cells (Riddell et al., 1995), existing in vitro T-cell expansion protocols are often inadequate to meet the demands of such trials.
Furthermore, optimal engraftment requires use of functional, and not senescent, T-cells, at the time of re-infusion. For clinical applications, it is important to ensure that the T cells have the desired functionality, i.e., that they proliferate, perform effector functions and produce cytokines in a desirable manner (Liebowitz et al., Current Opinion Oncology, 10, 533-541, 1998). In the natural setting, T cell activation is initiated by the engagement of the T cell receptor/CD3 complex (TCR/CD3) by a peptide-antigen bound to a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) (Schwartz, Science 248:1349 (1990)). While this is the primary signal in T cell activation, other receptor-ligand interactions between APCs and T cells are also required for complete activation. For example, TCR stimulation in the absence of other molecular interactions can induce a state of anergy, such that these cells cannot respond to full activation signals upon re-stimulation (Schwartz, 1990; Harding, et al., Nature 356:607, 1992; Dudley et al., Clinical Cancer Research., 16, 6122-6131, 2010; Rosenberg et al., Clinical Cancer Research., 17, 4550-4557, 2011). In the alternative, T cells may die by programmed cell death (apoptosis) when activated by TCR engagement alone (Webb et al., Cell 63:1249, 1990; Kawabe et al., Nature 349:245, 1991; Kabelitz et al., Int. Immunol. 4:1381, 1992; Groux et al., Eur J. Immunol. 23:1623, 1993).
Accordingly, optimal functionality may be conferred via use of a second signaling molecule, e.g., a membrane-bound protein or a secreted product of the APC. In the context of membrane-bound proteins, such secondary interactions are usually adhesive in nature, reinforcing the contact between the two cells (Springer et al., Ann. Rev. Immunol. 5:223, 1987). Other signaling molecules, such as transduction of additional activation signals from the APC to the T cell may also be involved (Bierer et al., Adv. Cancer Res. 56:49, 1991)). For example, CD28 is a surface, glycoprotein present on 80% of peripheral T cells in humans and is present on both resting and activated T cells. CD28 binds to B7-1 (CD80) or B7-2 (CD86) and is one of the most potent of the known co-stimulatory molecules (June et al., Immunol. Today 15:321 (1994), Linsley et al., Ann. Rev. Immunol. 11:191 (1993)). CD28 ligation on T cells in conjunction with TCR engagement induces the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) (June et al., 1994; Jenkins et al., 1993; Schwartz, 1992). Secreted IL-2 is an important factor for ex vivo T cell expansion (Smith et al., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 332:423-432 (1979); Gillis et al., Nature 268:154-156 (1977)).
Co-stimulation of T cells has been shown to affect multiple aspects of T cell activation (June et al., 1994). It lowers the concentration of anti-CD3 required to induce a proliferative response in culture (Gimmi et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:6575 (1991)). CD28 co-stimulation also markedly enhances the production of lymphokines by helper T cells through transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression Lindsten et al., Science 244:339 (1989); Fraser et al., Science 251:313 (1991)), and can activate the cytolytic potential of cytotoxic T cells. Inhibition of CD28 co-stimulation in vivo can block xenograft rejection, and allograft rejection is significantly delayed (Lenschow et, al., Science 257:789 (1992); Turka et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:11102 (1992)).
More importantly, the aforementioned effectors for stimulatory/co-stimulatory simulation have been widely applied in the context of manipulation of T-cells in vitro. In this context, a combination of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (first signal) and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody (second signal) is most commonly used to simulate the APCs. The signals provided by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies are best-delivered to T-cells when the antibodies are immobilized on a solid surface such as plastic plates (Baroja et al., Cellular Immunology, vol. 120, 205-217, 1989; Damle et al., The Journal of Immunology, vol. 143, 1761-1767, 1989) or sepharose beads (Anderson et al., Cellular Immunology, vol. 115, 246-256, 1988). See also U.S. Pat. No. 6,352,694 issued to June et al.
A variety of surfaces and reagents containing anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies have been developed for obtaining and expanding T cells for various applications. For instance, Levine et al. (The Journal of Immunology, vol. 159, No. 12: pp. 5921-5930, 1997) disclose tosyl-activated paramagnetic beads with a 4.5 micron (μM) diameter containing anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies, which can be utilized to stimulate and proliferate T-cells and induce them to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines. It has also been shown that T-cells activated with these beads exhibit properties, such as cytokine production, that make them potentially useful for adoptive immunotherapy (Garlie et al., J Immunother 22(4): 336-45, 1999; Shibuya et al., Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, vol. 126, No. 4: 473-479, 2000). These beads are commercially available from Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Inc. under the trade name DYNABEADS CD3/CD28 T-cell expansion.
The use of paramagnetic beads with immobilized monoclonal antibodies for expansion of T-cells in cell therapy requires separation and removal of the beads from the T-cells prior to patient infusion. This is a very labor-intensive process and results in cell loss, cell damage, increased risk of contamination and increased cost of processing. Because of the tight association of the immobilized monoclonal antibodies on the beads with the corresponding ligands on the surface of the target T-cells, the removal of the beads from the T-cells is difficult. The bead-cell conjugates are often separated by waiting until the T-cells internalize the target antigens and then using mechanical disruption techniques to separate the beads from the T-cells. This technique can cause damage to the T-cells and can also cause the ligated antigens on the T-cells to be removed from the cell surface (Rubbi et al., Journal of Immunology Methods, 166, 233-241, 1993). In addition, since activated T-cells are often most-desired for use in cell therapy protocols and the desirable properties of the cells are lost during the 24-72 hour waiting time, paramagnetic separation has a limited use in the adoptive cell-therapy setting.
Techniques for separation and purification of cells attached to paramagnetic beads are also unusable in the clinical context. For instance, the process of removing the paramagnetic beads after separation from the T-cells requires the passing of the cell/bead solution over a magnet. This process, while greatly reducing the number of beads remaining with the T-cells, does not completely eliminate the beads. Implantation of compositions containing beads into patients can cause toxic effects. The bead removal process also reduces the number of T-cells available for therapy, as many T-cells remain associated with the paramagnetic beads, even after mechanical disassociation. Some cell loss also occurs with respect to the T-cells that are manipulated but otherwise not bound to the beads because these cells are washed away prior to the internalization and/or mechanical removal step(s).
There is, therefore, an unmet need for compositions and methods that allow isolation of T-cells, which can be readily utilized for the therapy of human diseases, such as immunodeficiency disorders, autoimmune disorders, and cancers. Embodiments of the instant invention, which are described in detail below, address these needs.

Antigen-presenting cell-mimetic scaffolds and methods for making and using the same

President and Fellows of Harvard College


The present invention relates to a method and device which can easily generate moving image content in one take without editing. The present invention provides a method for generating content, the method including: when recording is started, providing a recording interface, including a data display area to which images of the respective pages included in the selected data file are individually and sequentially output, to the touch screen; when a touch input of a user for the data display area of the recording interface is detected, changing and displaying an image displayed in the data display area according to a touch input mode; and generating moving image content by recording changes in image in the data display area and voices of a narrator from a start point of the recording to an end point of the recording.

Recently, with the possession of personalized information processing devices by individuals and the expansion of high-speed wired/wireless communication networks, a culture of sharing information and data online has become widespread.
In particular, as the data transmission speeds of wireless communication networks have increased significantly, the sharing of information using moving images has been popularized beyond the conventional sharing of data and information based on text and/or a still image.
However, unlike the creation of content based on text and/or a still image which is not difficult for ordinary persons any longer, the generation and editing of moving image content is still a difficult task for ordinary persons. In particular, a process of editing only required parts by connecting them after recording a moving image is not easy and is burdensome.
In particular, when a moving image intended for a description of a product or education is generated, images and voices of a narrator within the moving image, images of data required for a description, etc. must be recorded together. When the moving image is edited, the images of the narrator must be edited based on the images of the data image at accurate times, and thus a problem occurs in that it is difficult for anyone to easily generate and edit a moving image.
Korean Patent Application Publication No. 10-2012-0121624 discloses a "method for generating a moving image of a lecture on a playing technique." This method is configured to generate a moving image by receiving an instrument playing source sound, receiving a playing moving image, receiving a detailed playing moving image, generating a score for a corresponding instrument of the music of the played source sound, and performing editing through a task of synchronizing the score with the moving images, the source sound, etc.
However, according to this conventional technology, a complex editing process, including the manual synchronization of a source sound, images, etc. constituting content, is required, and thus a problem occurs in that it is difficult for ordinary persons to generate a moving image by using the above method.
Accordingly, there is a need for a technology that is capable of overcoming the above-described problem.
Meanwhile, the above-described background art corresponds to technical information which has been possessed by the present inventor in order to conceive the present invention or which has been acquired in the process of conceiving the present invention, and is not necessarily considered to be a well-known technology that had been known to the public before the filing date of the present invention.

Method and device for generating content


An insulating tape for winding coils which includes a guide sheet having a predetermined width and a plurality of narrow insulating strips provided with adhesive on both surfaces thereof and removably connected to the guide sheet at predetermined spaces, facilitating accurate winding of insulating strips on a bobbin or the like and further enabling the winding operation to be carried out automatically.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an insulating tape used for producing winding coils which are usually used in electric apparatus such as home electric appliances or in electronic devices used in telecommunication systems or the like.
2. Description of the Related Art
In electric apparatus such as home electric appliances or in electronic devices used in telecommunication systems or the like, the winding coils used as the switching transformers or the like usually have the construction as shown in FIG. 3, with wirings 21 and insulated tape 22 alternately wound on a bobbin 10.
The bobbin 10 has rim portions 12 and 13 provided on both ends of a body portion 11 thereof, as shown in FIG. 4.
One of the rim portions, for example, the rim portion 12, has a plurality of terminal portions 14 projected from a side surface.
These bobbins 10 usually are given a common configuration instead of preparing several kinds of bobbins with different configurations for each winding coil. An insulating layer is usually formed on the body portion 11 of the bobbin 10 by winding narrow, insulating strips on the two side edge portions or one of the side edge portions, depending on the amount of wiring to be wound on the bobbin or the width of the winding in each winding layer.
The manufacturing steps for producing the winding coil explained above illustrated in FIG. 5-A to 5-F.
In these figures, each bobbin 10 is shown schematically. One of the rim portions 12 thereof is omitted from each drawing to make them more understandable.
First, narrow insulating strips 23 having a predetermined width are wound on both side edge portions of the body portion 11 to form ridged portions 23A and 23B, respectively (as shown in FIG. 5-A).
When an end portion of the wiring material 21 is terminated with a predetermined terminal 14, not shown in FIG. 5-B, it is wound on the body portion 11 of the bobbin 10 starting at the edge portion of the ridged portion 23A (as shown in FIG. 5-B).
After a certain amount of the wiring material 21 is wound on the body portion 11 along a longitudinal direction thereof and when the wiring material 21 reaches a position on which an end portion of the other ridged portion 23B exists (as shown in FIG. 5-C), an adhesive is coated over the whole surface of the wiring material 21 just wound on the body portion 11, then a predetermined amount of an insulating tape 22 having the same width as that of the body portion 11 is wound on the adhesive layer.
After that, the wiring material 21 is folded on the surface of the insulating tape 22 toward the terminal 14 (as shown in FIG. 5-D).
When the wiring material 21 is entangled with the terminal 14, a predetermined amount of the insulating tape 22 is wound again on the body portion 11 to cover the wiring material 21 arranged on the previously wound insulating tape 22 (as shown in FIG. 5-E).
When a first wiring layer is formed by the operation as explained above, two narrow insulating strips 23 having a predetermined width are wound on the two end portions of the insulating tape 22 to form ridged portions 23A and 23B (as shown in FIG. 5-F).
Then, the wire winding operation as explained above is again carried out to form a second wiring layer, etc. Finally, a wiring coil is produced provided with a plurality of wiring layers, as shown in FIG. 3.
As explained above, the wiring coil thus produced includes the narrow insulating strips 23 which form the ridged portions 23A and 23B as insulated layers.
However, the narrow insulating strips have extremely small stiffness and strength since they are 0.05 to 1.0 mm in thickness and 2 to 10 mm in width.
Accordingly, when the narrow insulating strips 23 are wound on the bobbin 10 or on a surface of the wiring material 21, the insulating strips 23 are twisted even with a slight tension applied thereto. This makes it difficult for the insulating strips 23 to be wound precisely on a predetermined place.
Also, when tension is applied to the insulating strips 23, they are deformed, for example, are reduced in the thickness or the width, or are broken, to make it difficult to form a predetermined insulating layer.
Therefore, insulating strips having relatively high stiffness and strength should be used. Further, the operator should wind the insulating strips on the bobbin with a great care so as not to apply unnecessary tension thereto.
This causes a problem of extremely low operational efficiency for producing the wiring coils.


The present disclosure provides a display panel, a display device and a driving method. The display panel includes a display substrate and a driving chip. The display panel is configured to write a data signal to a corresponding pixel circuit at a pre-writing phase and a target data writing phase. The driving chip includes a voltage compensation module configured to obtain a compensation voltage value for the pixel circuits in each row in accordance with the quantity of pre-writing phases. Each pixel circuit is configured to write a pre-writing voltage stored in a parasitic capacitor to a gate electrode of a driving transistor in response to a pre-scanning signal at the pre-writing phase, and write a target writing voltage stored in the parasitic capacitor to the gate electrode of the driving transistor in response to a target scanning signal at the target data writing phase.

As compared with a conventional Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) substrate, an Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) display substrate has been widely used in smart phones, wearable devices, notebook computers, televisions, Virtual Reality (VR) devices and many other devices due to such advantages as self-luminescence, wide color gamut, high contrast, and being light and thin.
In the related art, usually a multi-pulse driving mode is adopted by the OLED display substrate to improve a response time of a display panel. However, due to the existing multi-pulse driving mode, display unevenness occurs for the display panel, especially insufficient display brightness occurs for the last few rows of the display panel.

Display panel, display device and driving method


A method, wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), and base station for access network interworking. Temporary identity mapping rules are defined for use during access network reselection. Mapping rules for tracking area identity, routing area identity, temporary mobile subscriber identity (TMSI), packet TMSI, and S-TMSI identity are used when reselecting UTRAN, E-UTRAN, and GERAN access networks. Depending upon access network support, a WTRU may indicate a type of identity (TMSI, P-TMSI, or S-TMSI) that is included in an access network reselection request.

Referring to FIG. 1, Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards specify procedures for the inter-working between the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) radio access network (RAN), also referred to as UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), enhanced UTRAN (E-UTRAN) which is also referred to as Long Term Evolution (LTE) or System Architecture Evolution (SAE) networks, and older second generation networks specified by 3GPP, such as the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) and GSM enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE) radio access networks (GERAN). The standards consider a variety of scenarios including ones in which a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) executes a cell reselection procedure that also leads to a change in access network.
One example includes a WTRU camped on a E-UTRAN cell (in the packet switched (PS) domain) and then, due to low signal quality or signal strength, for example, the WTRU reselects a GERAN cell by way of E-UTRAN-to-GERAN cell reselection. This change in access network results in a new registration process (a Routing Area (RA) update procedure) between the WTRU and the target core network (CN) and the Core Network (CN) entities. As shown in FIG. 1, these CN entities may include any of the following, a serving general packet radio service (GPRS) support node (SGSN), a mobility management entity (MME), a home subscriber server (HSS), a serving gateway, a packet data network (PDN) gateway, a policy control and charging rules function (PCRF), and other IP based services provided by a network operator. A similar procedure is also required when a WTRU is in the Circuit Switched (CS) Domain. In the CS domain, the WTRU executes a Location Update towards a Mobile services Switching Center (MSC)/Visitor Location Register (2G-MSC/VLR) (not shown).
As part of the RA update procedure (or combined RA/LA Update) the WTRU identifies itself to the target CN entities using old identities that were previously allocated to the WTRU. Which identities are included in the RA update request message depend on the originating access network of the WTRU (that is, the access network that the WTRU is handing over from). The identities may include a routing area identity (RAI), a tracking area identity (TAT), a temporary mobile subscriber identity (TMSI), a packet temporary mobile subscriber identity (P-TMSI), or an S-TMSI. These temporary identifiers have different forms based on which access network is used to generate them. The identities will now be described in greater detail.
In legacy systems (such as UTRAN and GERAN), the RA is identified by a RAI. The RAI is a concatenation of several other identifiers. The other identifiers include a mobile country code (MCC), mobile network code (MNC), location area code (LAC), and routing area code (RAC). It is noted that the combination of the MCC and MNC are also referred to as the public land mobile network (PLMN) identity. The RAI can be expressed as follows:<RAI>=<MCC><MNC><LAC><RAC>  Equation (1).
In E-UTRAN, the RA is replaced by tracking area (TA). The TA is identified in E-UTRAN using a TAI. A TAI is a concatenation of several of the above mentioned identifiers and a tracking area code (TAC). The length of the TAC is 16 bits (two octets). The TAI is expressed as follows:<TAI>=<MCC><MNC><TAC>  Equation (2).
Since it is undesirable for security reasons to use the permanent Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card identity, the International Mobile Subscriber Identity number (IMSI), a TMSI, P-TMSI, or S-TMSI is assigned to a WTRU upon network attachment. A TMSI is generated for use in the CS domain, such as in a CS domain of GERAN and/or UTRAN. A P-TMSI is generated for use in the PS domain, when the WTRU attaches to the PS domain using UTRAN or GERAN as the access network. A WTRU operating in GERAN PS domain will utilize, in addition to the P-TMSI, a temporary logical link identifier (TLLI), which is derived from the P-TMSI. In LTE/SAE networks, the temporary identifier is known as the S-TMSI. The P-TMSI is 4 octets in length, that is, 32 bits. The TLLI is also 4 octets in length (32 bits). The length of the S-TMSI is 5 octets (40 bits).
This difference in length of the temporary identifiers used in the various access networks creates a problem when a WTRU informs a new target network of temporary identifiers used in a previous access network. Accordingly, mapping rules for using various identities while changing access networks are desired.

Registration scenarios between new and legacy wireless communication networks


A coring rod support wheel that has a relatively large smooth outer surface and a hollow hub that is rigidly held within it. The axis of the hollow hub is parallel to the axis of the wheel but not necessarily the same as the axis of the wheel. The diameter of the hub is sufficient for a coring rod to slide freely through it. Once the coring rod has been slid through the hub, the coring rod any coring knife attached to it are supported and guided by the wheel.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to installing sections of horizontally laid underground piping using a coring rod to pull or push a coring knife horizontally through the site in which the piping is to be laid, and more specifically, to a device for supporting and guiding the coring rod and coring knife during tunnel diameter enlargement.
2. Description of Related Art
The Inventor has developed and patented methods and apparatuses for the laying of horizontally running underground piping, without having to first dig up the surface under which the piping will ultimately lie. Those methods and apparatuses are discussed and explained in U.S. Pat. Nos.: 5,498,106 and 5,505,558. The methods and apparatuses explained in said U.S.A. patents employ two pits. An entry pit on one side of the site under which the piping is to be laid, and an exit pit on the other side of the site under which the piping is to be laid.
In general terms, the method of installing horizontally laid piping underground, as taught by said U.S.A. patents, can be described as follows: An entry pit is dug on one side of the site under which the horizontally running underground piping is to be laid, and an exit pit is dug on the other side of the site under which the horizontally running underground piping is to be laid. From the entry pit, and at the correct depth, a pilot rod is pushed through the site into which the piping is to be laid, until the front end of that pilot rod emerges in the exit pit. Then, in the exit pit, two appropriately spaced and secured steering rods are attached near the front of the pilot rod, and one coring rod is attached near the front of the pilot rod, so that it is spaced and secured in the middle of the two steering rods. The pilot rod is then pulled back into the entry pit, causing the back end and length of the pilot rod to gradually emerge further and further into the entry pit, while simultaneously causing the three attached rods to enter deeper and deeper into the site, from their initial positions in the exit pit. The three attached rods create their own paths in the site as they are pulled through it toward the entry pit. Once the pilot rod has been pulled completely through the site, and is entirely in the entry pit, the other three rods have been pulled completely through the site, and are situated with their front ends in the entry pit, their lengths embedded in the site, and their back ends in the exit pit. Then, in the exit pit, a push-pull type coring knife is attached near the back end of the coring rod. Then, if the diameter of the piping to be laid, and if the soil of the site, is such that the tunnel can be dug with a single coring knife, and tunnel diameter enlargement will not be required, connecting a front cutting shield between the two steering rods, so that their back ends extend beyond the front cutting shield, and so that the front cutting shield is situated immediately behind the front cutting portion of the coring knife. Then placing a piece of the piping to be laid, inside the back of the front cutting shield so that it abuts the smaller internal diameter portion of the front cutting shield and cannot be moved forward without also moving the front cutting shield forward. Then placing a pulling cap over the back of the piece of pipe, so that its smaller internal diameter near its back edge abuts the back of the piece of pipe, and the pulling cap cannot be moved forward, without also moving the piece of pipe forward with it. Then attaching the pulling cap between the two steering rods, near their ends. Then by pulling the coring rod through the site, pulling the coring knife from the exit pit into and partly through the site, and pulling the two steering rods partly back through the site, thereby forcing the pulling cap, and the piece of pipe, and the front cutting shield partly through the site, behind the coring knife. Then continuing to pull the coring knife and the steering rods through the site, until the piece of pipe is entirely in the site. Then removing the pulling cap from the back of the piece of pipe, placing another piece of pipe immediately behind the inserted piece of pipe, so that it abuts up against its back end, and placing the pulling cap over the back of the second piece of pipe. Then again attaching the pulling cap, between the two steering rods, near their ends. Then pulling the coring knife further into the site, and pulling the two steering rods back through the site, thereby forcing the pulling cap, the two pieces of pipe, and the front cutting shield, further into the site, until the second piece of pipe is entirely in the site. Then again removing the pulling cap, adding another piece of pipe behind the second piece of pipe, again attaching the pulling cap behind the last piece of pipe, and again pulling the coring knife and steering rods further into the site. During the above process, removing the cored out soil from the back of the coring knife as necessary, either by pushing the coring knife back toward the exit pit, or by digging it out. Repeating the process of removing the pulling cap and adding new sections of piping, and then pulling them into the site, as the coring knife and the two steering rods are pulled further into the site, until the front cutting shield emerges into the open depression at the entry pit, and the piping has thereby been laid in the site. Then disconnecting the pulling cap from the steering rods, removing it from the back of the last piece of piping, pulling the steering rods out of the site, and removing the front cutting shield and coring knife.
However, in many situations the diameter of piping to be laid is to large for a large enough diameter tunnel to be dug, in the soil of the site, with a single coring knife. In those situations an initial tunnel is dug by using only a coring knife (without the pulling cap, or the sections of pipe, or the pipe installing apparatus) in the above described soil coring and pipe laying procedure. Then, after the initial tunnel has been dug, the coring rod is pushed back through the tunnel until its front end is in the exit pit. From the exit pit a first larger diameter coring knife is attached to the front end of the coring knife, and either the previously described pipe laying apparatus and procedure is employed, simultaneously with the digging of the larger diameter tunnel, or the larger diameter coring knife is pulled through the site by itself, thereby enlarging the diameter of the tunnel, and the coring rod is again pushed back through the tunnel until its front end is in the exit pit. From the exit pit a second larger diameter coring knife is attached to the front end of the coring rod, and the tunnel's diameter is enlarged a second time, or as the situations allows simultaneously with the second tunnel diameter enlargement, the previously described pipe laying process begins while the larger diameter tunnel is being dug.
As can be envisioned, whenever a tunnel diameter enlargement is taking place, whether it is with pipe being laid simultaneously, or it is simply in preparation for a second enlargement, when the front end of the coring rod with the coring knife attached is pushed entirely into the exit pit (as is necessary during the initial setup of the new coring knife, and during soil removal from the site by the pushing of the coring knife back into the exit pit) both the front end of the coring rod and the coring knife will fall to the bottom of the exit pit. When they fall to the bottom of the exit pit, the front end of the coring rod and the coring knife will dig into the bottom of the exit pit, and they will dig into the bottom end of the tunnel's exit pit opening. The coring rod and coring knife therefore have to be physically lifted up, and re-aligned with the central axis of the tunnel, before the coring rod can be pulled back through the site, to continue the pipe laying process.
One object of the present invention is to provide a means, which, during tunnel diameter enlargement, will substantially prevent the coring rod, and anything attached to it, from falling to the bottom of the exit pit each time the front end of the coring rod is pushed into the exit pit.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a means that will assist in maintaining the correct alignment of the coring rod and coring knife within the tunnel during tunnel diameter enlargement.
A third object of the present invention is to provide a means, that in certain of its embodiments, can assist in redefining the central axis of the tunnel during tunnel diameter enlargement.
A forth object of the present invention is to provide a means that accomplishes the other objects of the invention, and is durable.
A fifth object of the present invention is to provide a means that accomplishes the other objects of the invention, and is easy to use.


A tape measure of the present invention includes a mounted wheel, a pivot portion, rotation members, transmission wheel and a blade container wherein the rotation members include a first gear and a second gear. The mounted wheel has a serrated portion being arranged around inner sides thereof. The pivot portion being fitted into the opening has an axis and a plurality of posts on a side thereof and a driving bar on another side thereof. The transmission wheel has an operation gear. By the first gear and the second gear respectively and cooperatively operate with the mounted wheel and the transmission wheel, the transmission wheel is therefore rotated four circles as the pivot portion is rotated one circle, so duration of reeling the measuring blade becomes less.

(a) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a tape measure being adapted to enclose a spooled measuring blade and more particularly, to a tape measure having structure for quickly reeling the blade.
(b) Description of the Prior Art
Referring to FIG. 5, a conventional tape measure includes a casing 6 with a toothed part 61, a pivot part 7 having a plurality of sleeves 71 on a side thereon, a plurality of wheels 8 being fitted on the sleeves 71 and being engagable with the toothed part 61, and a driving part 9 having a driving wheel 91 being engagable with wheels 8; by rotating the pivot part 7 to enable the wheels 8 rotating, thereby the driving part 9 being accordingly for reeling blades.
The conventional tape measure, however, can reel blades; duration of reeling blade is too long which is that the wheels 8 forms only single layer; thereby, when the wheels 8 rotate cooperatively with the toothed part 61 and the driving wheel 91, the driving part 9 is rotated only three circles as the pivot part 7 is rotated one circle. Thus, the conventional tape measure is inefficiency in use.


A fluid analyzer for analyzing fluid samples comprising one or more analytes and a method of calibrating such. The fluid analyzer includes a control system to control at least one automated valve to pass at least three calibration reagents through a fluid channel to a secondary ion selective electrode, a primary ion selective electrode, and a reference electrode, and determine calibration information using calibration logic from signals generated by a meter, control the at least one automated valve to selectively pass different subsets of the at least three calibration reagents through the fluid channel to the secondary ion selective electrode, the primary ion selective electrode, and the reference electrode, and determine re-calibration information using the signals generated by the meter and at least one of the calibration information and re-calibration logic.

Magnesium assays are increasingly being requested in hospitals and clinical research institutions. A robust magnesium ion sensor capable of detecting a biological active portion of ionized magnesium may aid in the clinical diagnosis of patients.
Current commercial and experimental magnesium ion (Mg2+) sensors have issues with selectivity and/or specificity of ionized magnesium. Generally, these sensors are based on neutral ionophore-based potentiometric detection. As such, many of the sensors may need to be corrected (e.g., via algorithmic corrections) to take into account pH adjustments and/or selectivity adjustments due to other interfering species like, for example, calcium ions (Ca2+), sodium ions (Na+), and potassium ions (K+).
For each type of ion, the ion selective electrodes (ISEs) making up the potentiometric sensors have a different response kinetic pattern, which causes the data to be greatly skewed if the ISEs are not calibrated to take into account the different selectivities of the ions and/or any necessary pH adjustments. Currently, the calibration of potentiometric ISEs for measuring ionized magnesium ("Mg ISEs") generally encompasses calibrating Mg ISEs with three calibration reagents which characterize the slope, intercept, and selectivity of the magnesium ions against the calcium ions. See, e.g., Eugster et al., "Characterization Procedure for Ion-Selective Electrode Assays of Magnesium Activity in Aqueous Solutions of Physiological Composition," Clin. Chem., 39, 855-859 (1993).
It is known that the selectivity coefficient is, in theory, a constant parameter for a particular electrode, reflecting the corresponding preference degree of a sensor to a primary ion over an interfering (or "secondary") ion. The selectivity coefficient is also known to mainly rely on features of a particular sensor including, for example but without limitation, the ionophore, plasticizer, and/or polymeric matrix used therein.
The Nernstian equation (I) can be used to calculate the concentration of a primary ion.
                    E        =                              E            ∘                    +                                                    R                                T                                            n                                                  z                  i                                                                                ln                                            (                                  a                  i                                )                                                                        (        I        )
E is the measured electromotive force (EMF) of the electrode in the sample (or calibration reagent and/or quality control reagent); Eo is the constant potential contributions; and ai is the activity of "I" (the primary ion), zi is the charge of the primary ion, I, and R, T, and n are: the gas constant, absolute temperature (K), and the number of moles of charger carries per mole of the species, respectively. When using the Nernstian equation (I), ion selective electrodes should achieve a sufficient selectivity pattern of the primary ion over the coexisting interfering ion with a maximum allowable error of 1%.
The selectivity coefficient for a primary ion over an interfering ion can be derived from the well-known, semi-empirical Nicolsky-Eisenman equation (II).
                    E        =                              E            ∘                    +                                                    R                                T                                            n                                                  z                  i                                                                                ln                                            (                                                      a                    i                                    +                                      ∑                                                                  K                        ij                        pot                                                                                a                        j                                                                              z                            i                                                    /                                                      z                            j                                                                                )                                                                        (        II        )
E is the measured electromotive force (EMF) of the electrode in the sample (or calibration reagent and/or quality control reagent); Eo is the constant potential contributions; Kijpot is the selectivity coefficient; zi and zj are the charges of the primary ion, I, and interfering ion, J; ai and aj are the activities of I and J; and R, T, and n are: the gas constant, absolute temperature (K), and the number of moles of charge carriers per mole of the species, respectively.
As is well-known in the field,
      R        T        n              z      i      is often referred to as the "slope" for both the Nernstian equation and the Nicolsky-Eisenman equation. Additionally, Eo is often referred to as the "offset" or intercept for both the Nernstian equation and the Nicolsky-Eisenman equation. These values are interchangeable between the two equations for a single set of data, which allows for the determination of the selectivity coefficient, Kijpot, between two specific ions (i.e., a primary ion and an interfering ion) for an ion selective electrode using electric potential measurements for at least three calibration reagents and known values for the primary and interfering ions within each calibration reagent, as will be discussed in more detail herein.
As previously mentioned, when an ion selective electrode is sufficiently selective to the primary ion over the interfering ion, the contribution from the interfering ion variation in the background can be neglected up to an allowable error of 1%. However, the application of magnesium ion selective electrodes in testing the magnesium ion levels in blood, for example, is not straightforward.
Currently available potentiometric magnesium ion sensors cannot provide sufficiently high selectivity over the main secondary ion (i.e., calcium ions) due to the lack of an ionophore that is sufficiently selective of magnesium ions over competing ions. That is, the selectivity coefficient, KpotMg,Ca, for calculating the concentration of magnesium ions in blood is unstable and varies throughout the uselife of a solid state magnesium ion sensor. The uselife generally includes an initial wetup period, a post-wetup period, and a close-to-uselife-end period. In fact, each period of a solid state magnesium ion sensor's uselife has its own apparent selectivity pattern due to many factors including, for example, the status of the internal electrolyte layer hydration, ion-flux process, membrane composition leaching, and/or sample matrix adhesion.
The methods disclosed in the prior art for calibrating potentiometric magnesium ion sensors do not take into account the unstable nature of the selectivity coefficient for calculating the concentration of magnesium ions when calcium ions are present and, as such, are only effective for around three days before they start to produce results outside of the acceptable 1% error range. This, of course, renders the long uselife (˜28 days) of solid state magnesium ion sensors ineffective.
Therefore, a fluid analyzer having potentiometric magnesium ion sensors with an extended uselife capable of maintaining accurate measurements (i.e., within a 1% error range) throughout the uselife of the potentiometric magnesium ion sensors is needed.

Fluid analyzer for measuring magnesium ions and method of calibrating potentiometric magnesium ion sensor therein


An air conditioner management device comprises an information inputter entering schedule information presenting a schedule for operating a first air conditioner and a device controller controlling the operation of the first air conditioner based on the entered schedule information. The air conditioner management device further comprises an information communicator receiving information identifying the first air conditioner and operation state information presenting the operation state of the first air conditioner, and information identifying a second air conditioner and operation state information presenting the operation state of the second air conditioner. The air conditioner management device further comprises an information display displaying the operation state information of the first air conditioner and the operation state information of the second air conditioner. Thus, it is possible to display a change in the operation state of an air conditioner caused by the operation of another air conditioner.

Systems comprising multiple local management devices collecting data for use in managing air-conditioning devices (air conditioners, hereafter) installed in multiple buildings and a central management device receiving the data for use in the management from the multiple local management devices are known (for example, see Patent Literature 1).
When a new air conditioner is connected, the multiple local management devices each send data for use in managing the connected air conditioner to the central management device. The central management device starts managing the newly connected air conditioner using the received data.

Air conditioner management device, air conditioner management system, non-transitory computer-readable recording medium and air conditioner management method


A method for controlling a display system of a motor vehicle via a controller is provided. An image is generated on a surface of the motor vehicle, and an object placed on the surface is detected. The image is adjusted such that at least a portion of the image is moved from a first area of the surface in which the object has been detected to a second area of the surface. A display system for a motor vehicle configured to perform the method is also provided.

Vehicles, such as motor vehicles, often include an interior trim portion, such as a center console, which is arranged between the occupants of the vehicle. The interior trim portion may include an upper surface configured to enable the occupants to work or perform other activities using materials placed on the upper surface, or to place objects on the surface of the interior trim portion to be accessed during a journey.
Vehicles often also include a display system configured to display information or entertainment media to occupants of the vehicle. A display device of the display system may be configured to display the image on an internal surface of the vehicle. For example, the display system may include a display screen integrated into the internal surface.
The interior trim portion may be arranged in a convenient position to be seen by each of the occupants of the vehicle. Hence, it may be desirable for the display screen to be integrated into a surface of the interior trim portion, e.g. the upper surface. However, if objects are positioned on the upper surface of the interior trim portion by the occupants, areas of the image being displayed by the display system may be obscured, distorted or blocked due to the presence of the objects, making it difficult for occupants to discern information being provided in the image.

Vehicle display system and method for detecting objects obscuring the display