In an embodiment, a system is provided in which the private key is managed in hardware and is not visible to software. The system may provide hardware support for public key generation, digital signature generation, encryption/decryption, and large random prime number generation without revealing the private key to software. The private key may thus be more secure than software-based versions. In an embodiment, the private key and the hardware that has access to the private key may be integrated onto the same semiconductor substrate as an integrated circuit (e.g. a system on a chip (SOC)). The private key may not be available outside of the integrated circuit, and thus a nefarious third party faces high hurdles in attempting to obtain the private key.

Technical Field
Embodiments described herein are related to hardware circuits for public key acceleration.
Description of the Related Art
A variety of open networks are being used for communication today, such as public wireless fidelity (WiFi) networks, Bluetooth connections, near field wireless communication, etc. On any of these communications media, the data being exchanged between two devices may be susceptible to capture by unauthorized third parties. Similarly, communications on large networks such as the Internet may be susceptible to observation/capture on the many devices over which the communications travel. Accordingly, the secure exchange of information has become an increasing priority. For example, the ability to perform financial transactions over the media or to transmit protected data such as copyrighted works over the media may be based on the secure exchange. Generally, the secure exchange may include the ability to identify oneself and to identify another party without easily permitting the mimicking of the other party, so that the parties can each verify that they are communicating with a legitimate counterpart. The secure exchange may also include the ability to ensure that only the other party may view the communication. The identify verification may be referred to as authentication (e.g. through such mechanisms as a digital signature), and the ability to control access to the communication is typically handled using encryption.
One mechanism for authenticating and providing encryption/decryption is public key cryptography. In this mechanism, each party has a pair of keys: a public key and a private key. The public key may be freely shared, and may be used to authenticate a digital signature from the owner and to encrypt data for the owner. The owner may maintain the private key in secrecy, and may use the private key to decrypt data encrypted with the public key and to generate the digital signature. Because the public key can be freely shared, it is relatively simple to arrange for secure exchange by simply exchanging public keys between the parties. For even more secure exchange, a shared secret can be generated using each party's public key and the other party's private key.
While public key cryptography system has many benefits in terms of simplicity, the secrecy of the private key is paramount. If the private key is compromised, the integrity of all communication to/from the owner of the private key becomes suspect. That is, the digital signatures from that owner may not be legitimate, and the data encrypted with that owner's public key may not be secure from third party viewing. Typically, the private key is generated in software on a device used by the user and is stored in the memory of that device. Accordingly, the private key is susceptible to being stolen/viewed by a third party in even the best of systems which attempt to hide the key.


A fluid operated wash brush is provided. The wash brush includes a casing having a downwardly opening top cover. The casing includes a liquid inlet for connection to a fluid supply. The wash brush also includes a rotary wash brush and a mounting shaft supported by the casing for relative rotation on which the rotary wash brush is carried. A retention mechanism is carried on a distal end of the mounting shaft for releasable engagement and disengagement with the rotary wash brush.

Water-operated wash brushes are known for use in many cleaning applications, such as cleaning floors, walls, mechanical work pieces, and vehicles. Such wash brushes commonly include an upper casing into which a nozzle forcefully directs a tangential jet of water that rotatably drives a turbine-like impellor, which in turn through appropriate reducing gears, drives a wash brush supported in depending relation to the casing at a rotary speed less than the turbine. The wash brush is constantly wetted by the water that produces the brush rotation.
Such wash brushes have particularly utility in the consumer market since they are easy to operate and can be used for many household cleaning tasks. Since they are designed for economical manufacture, however, wash brushes for the consumer market often do not have the versatility desired for use in diverse cleaning applications. For example, in some cleaning applications such as washing cars, it is desirable to have a brush with relatively soft cleaning bristles. In other applications, such as floor cleaning, a brush with more abrasive bristles is preferred. Unfortunately, however, the brushes on consumer market wash brushes are either so cumbersome to change that many consumers will not even attempt it for simple household cleaning tasks or they cannot be changed at all.

Water-operated wash brush with removable brush head


A light emitting device includes a substrate member and at least one light emitting element. The substrate member has a groove portion defined between two wiring portions spaced apart from each other. The groove portion includes a first groove portion, a second groove portion, and a third groove portion. The first groove portion extends in a direction that forms a slanted angle with respect to a first direction, the second groove portion is spaced apart from the first groove and extends in a direction that forms a slanted angle with respect to the first direction, and the third groove portion is interconnected with the first groove portion and the second groove portion. The light emitting element is disposed over the third groove portion.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a light emitting device which includes a substrate member and at least one light emitting element.
2. Description of the Related Art
There has been proposed a light emitting device which includes light emitting elements arranged on a flexible substrate member (see JP2005-322937A). The light emitting device described in JP2005-322937A can be rolled up during the transportation, and also can be cut in a desired size for use.


A honeycomb structure includes at least one honeycomb unit. The at least one honeycomb unit has a longitudinal direction and includes plural cell walls extending from one end face to another end face along the longitudinal direction to define plural cells. The at least one honeycomb unit includes inorganic particles, an inorganic binder, and inorganic fibers. A degree of orientation of the inorganic fibers in an a-axis direction parallel to the longitudinal direction is about 0.5 or less.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a honeycomb structure.
2. Discussion of Background
In order to convert exhaust gases from automobiles, many technologies have been developed. Due partly to an increase in traffic, it is, however, hard to say that adequate measures have been taken. Further, the tendency of controlling exhaust gases from automobiles has been intensifying domestically and internationally. Particularly, NOx in diesel exhaust gas is strictly controlled. The reduction of NOx has been attempted by the control of the combustion system of an engine, but it becomes difficult for this method alone to sufficiently deal with the problem. As a diesel NOx conversion system for this problem, a NOx reduction system (called an SCR system) that reduces NOx using ammonia as a reducing agent has been proposed.
As an in-vehicle catalyst used for such a system, a honeycomb structure that contains zeolite as a catalyst component is known. In general, however, the strength of the zeolite-containing honeycomb structure is likely to be reduced. On the other hand, JP-A-61-171539 proposes a zeolite-containing honeycomb structure to which 5% through 30% by weight of inorganic fibers are added, disclosing that the zeolite-containing honeycomb structure can prevent the generation of cracks in the process of firing.
International Publication No. 2006/040874 discloses a honeycomb structure that contains ceramic particles and inorganic fibers. The inorganic fibers contained in this honeycomb structure are required to meet the condition (the aspect ratio of inorganic fibers≧(the tensile strength of fibers (GPa)/0.3)) in order to improve the bending strength of the honeycomb structure.
The contents of JP-A-61-171539 and International Publication No. 2006/040874 are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.


The disclosure is directed to an implant tool used to facilitate the implantation of a medical device into a patient. The implant tool includes a housing that is held by a user and a needle attached to the housing. The needle is configured so that a cannula may be positioned over the needle and delivered to the target tissue. The implant tool also includes a release mechanism that pushes the cannula off of the needle. The release mechanism may help the user to keep the cannula at the desired location while removing the needle from the cannula. The implant tool may also include a flange that extends from the housing adjacent to a side of the needle such that the user may provide force against the needle during advancement of the needle into the patient.

Electrical stimulation systems may be used to deliver electrical stimulation therapy to patients to treat a variety of symptoms or conditions such as chronic pain, tremor, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, dystonia, torticollis, epilepsy, pelvic floor disorders, gastroparesis, or obesity. The electrical stimulation system may also be used for muscle stimulation, such as for function electrical stimulation of muscles. An electrical stimulation system typically includes one or more implantable medical leads coupled to an external or implantable electrical stimulator.
The implantable medical lead may be percutaneously or surgically implanted in a patient on a temporary or permanent basis such that at least one stimulation electrode is positioned proximate to a target stimulation site. The target stimulation site may be, for example, a nerve or other tissue site, such as a spinal cord, pelvic nerve, pudendal nerve, sacral nerve, peripheral nerve, stomach, bladder, or within a brain or other organ of a patient, or within a muscle or muscle group of a patient. The one or more electrodes located proximate to the target stimulation site may deliver electrical stimulation therapy to the target stimulation site in the form of electrical signals.

Implant tool to facilitate medical device implantation


In a method and apparatus for magnetic resonance imaging, a flip angle and/or inversion time of a spectrum suppression pulse is calculated according to a steady state condition of a longitudinal magnetization component of a spectrum composition suppressed by the spectrum suppression pulse and a zero crossing point condition of the longitudinal magnetization component. Raw magnetic resonance image data are acquired by applying a magnetic resonance imaging sequence that includes the spectrum suppression pulse provided with the flip angle and/or the inversion time.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for magnetic resonance imaging, and particularly, to a method and apparatus for magnetic resonance imaging that make use of a spectrum suppression pulse.
Description of the Prior Art
Magnetic resonance imaging is a bio-magnetic nuclear spin imaging technology developed rapidly along with the development of computed technology, electronic circuit technology, and superconductor technology. In magnetic resonance imaging, human tissue is placed in a static magnetic field B0, and hydrogen nuclei within the human tissue are then excited by a radio-frequency pulse with the same frequency as the precession frequency of the hydrogen nuclei, so as to cause resonance of the hydrogen nuclei (nuclear spins) and absorption of energy, which causes the nucleus spins to be deflected out of alignment with the static field by an amount known as "flip angle." After the radio-frequency pulse ceases, the hydrogen nuclei emit a radio signal at a specific frequency and release the absorbed energy, which is detected as a radio-frequency signal that is processed by a computer to obtain an image in magnetic resonance imaging.
In order to obtain an image of better quality, signals having a specific spectral composition, such as fat signals, water signals, silica gel signals (breast implants) and so on, often need to be suppressed. For example, in magnetic resonance imaging examinations used for the abdomen, the chest, etc., it is generally required to suppress fat signals, so as to display tissues or lesions of interest in a highlighted way. Many fat suppression techniques have been proposed, such as the FatSat (fat saturation) technique, SPAIR (Spectral Presaturation Attenuated Inversion Recovery) technique, STIR (short inversion time inversion recovery) technique, Dixon water-fat separation technique, and so on. Except for the Dixon technique, the efficacy of all the other techniques is dependent on the flip angle (such as for FatSat) or inversion time (such as for inversion recovery techniques like SPAIR, STIR, etc.) of a fat suppression pulse applied to the human tissue. It is well known that a flip angle refers to the angle of a macro magnetization vector deviating from the static magnetic field B0 under the excitation of a radio-frequency pulse. The size of the flip angle is determined by the intensity and action time of the applied radio-frequency pulse. Inversion time is the time interval between a 180 degree inversion pulse and an excitation pulse in an inversion recovery pulse sequence.
As described above, optimization of fat suppression can be achieved by optimizing the flip angle or inversion time of the fat suppression pulse. In response to this situation, a method for calculating a flip angle of a FatSat pulse has now been proposed. However, this method only takes into consideration the calculation method of the flip angle of the FatSat pulse when a spin echo sequence is used for magnetic resonance imaging, without taking into account a number of excitation pulses applied following each fat suppression pulse in an abdomen magnetic resonance imaging applying a spoiled gradient echo sequence (Spoiled GRE, such as VIBE sequence) of a short radio-frequency pulse interval (TR). Furthermore, the method cannot be used to optimize the inversion time of the fat suppression pulse (such as for inversion recovery pulses like SPAIR, STIR, etc.).

Method and apparatus for magnetic resonance imaging


A surgical stapling device is provided for sequentially applying a plurality of fasteners to body tissue and simultaneously incising tissue. The surgical stapling device includes an elongated body which is adapted to receive a single use loading unit (“SULU”) or a disposable loading unit (“DLU”) having staples in linear rows whose length can be between about 30 mm and 60 mm. Each DLU includes a proximal body portion, a mounting assembly and a tool assembly. The proximal body portion has a proximal end having one or more lugs which are dimensioned to be received within one or more channels formed in the distal end of the elongated body. The distal end of the walls defining the channels can be chamfered or angled such that if the DLU is not properly aligned with the elongated body when the proximal end of the DLU is inserted into the distal end of the elongated body, the chamfered or angled distal ends of the walls defining the channels will cam the lugs to properly align the DLU with the elongated body.

1. Technical Field
This application relates to a surgical stapling device for applying staples to tissue. More particularly, this application relates to a surgical stapling device having a single use loading unit ("SULU") including a tool member for applying linear rows of staples to tissue and concurrently incising the tissue between the linear rows of staples.
2. Background of Related Art
Surgical devices for grasping or clamping tissue between opposed jaw structure of a tool assembly and thereafter fastening the clamped tissue are well known in the art. These devices may include a knife for incising the fastened tissue. The fasteners are typically in the form of surgical staples but two part fasteners formed of a material suitable for surgical use are also well known.
Typically, the tool member includes a staple cartridge which houses a plurality of staples arranged in at least two laterally spaced rows and an anvil which includes a plurality of staple forming pockets for receiving and forming staple legs of the staples as the staples are driven from the cartridge. Generally, the stapling operation is effected by a drive member that advances cam wedges longitudinally through the staple cartridge, with the cam wedges acting upon staple pushers to sequentially eject the staples from the staple cartridge. A knife can travel between the staple rows to longitudinally cut and/or open the stapled tissue between the rows of staples.
In laparoscopic and/or endoscopic surgical procedures, the surgical procedure is performed through a small incision or through a narrow cannula inserted through a small entrance wound in a patient. In conventional or open procedures, surgeons directly access an operative site. Because of reduced patient trauma, shortened patient recovery periods and substantial reduction in overall cost, endoscopic procedures are preferred over open procedures. In order to address the specific needs of endoscopic and/or laparoscopic surgical procedures, endoscopic surgical stapling devices have been developed which provide a surgeon with easier access to the operative site. Typically, these stapling devices include an articulatable tool member which is supported adjacent to the distal end of the stapling device. The tool member can be selectively manipulated to allow a surgeon to manipulate a tool assembly in a confined space.
Tyco Healthcare Group, LP has manufactured and marketed articulatable endoscopic stapling instruments such as the MULTIFIRE ENDO GIA *30 and MULTIFIRE ENDO GIA *60 for several years. These instruments include a disposable loading unit ("DLU") or single use loading unit ("SULU") which includes a tool assembly, a proximal body portion and a mounting assembly for securing the tool assembly to the proximal body portion. These instruments have provided significant clinical benefits to the field of endoscopic surgery. Nonetheless, improvements in the area of reducing cost and complexity of manufacture are desirable.
In making improvements or modifications to the current instruments, it would be highly desirable not to sacrifice any of the important benefits of the MULTIFIRE ENDO GIA * 30 and 60 instruments as compared to other commercially available products. For example, any improvement should advantageously provide a fresh knife blade for each firing of the instrument and permit operation of the instrument with multiple size disposable loading units (DLU's).


There is disclosed a method for edge rounding of cutting tool inserts, in combination with a high surface finish over the whole insert, of cemented carbide or titanium-based carbonitride alloys. An electrolytic method is used with an electrolyte which provides an even removal of both binder phase and hard constituent phases. The electrolyte comprises perchloric (HClO.sub.4) or sulphuric (H.sub.2 SO.sub.4) acid, in amounts >15 and <50 volume %, in methanol or other suitable organic liquid. The method is easier to control than conventional mechanical methods and is particularly useful for providing very small edge radii of about 10 .mu.m in combination with a high surface finish over the whole insert which cannot be made by mechanical or other electrolytic methods.

The present invention relates to a method for obtaining well-defined edge radii on cutting tool inserts in combination with a high surface finish over the whole insert by electropolishing technique.
Inserts for chip forming machining made of cemented carbide or of titanium-based carbonitride (cermet) have at least one main cutting edge and a connecting nose (corner). Such inserts are produced by the powder metallurgical methods of milling of powders of the hard constituents and binder phase, pressing to bodies of desired shape and finally sintering the pressed bodies. The pressing is generally done as tool pressing between two opposing punches in a die. As a result of the pressing operation, the inserts obtain rather sharp edges. In addition, because of the small gap, a few microns wide, that always exists between the punches and the die wall, the insert edges also have burrs. Such edges break too easily when used.
Therefore, after sintering, the inserts are subjected to an edge rounding operation including mechanical methods such as lapping, tumbling, brushing or blasting. These operations, however, are difficult to control with any desirable accuracy. For this reason, the edge rounding values usually range between 30 and 75 .mu.m on cemented carbide inserts for a majority of machining applications. Smaller edge rounding values are generally not possible to obtain with mechanical methods. Also, the edges often get defects in the initial stage of the mechanical operation. These defects disappear during the continued treatment provided that the final edge rounding obtained is larger than the defect size.
A finer edge rounding, however, means lower cutting forces. The choice of edge rounding is a compromise between desired edge strength and acceptable cutting forces. For certain cutting operations such as threading and machining of heat resistant materials, aluminum or cast iron, lower cutting forces are desirable. However, the above-mentioned methods for edge rounding are generally not useful at least on a large, industrial scale.
Electrolytic smoothing or deburring is a commonly employed technique. Two well-known processes are called electrochemical deburring and electropolishing. U.S. Pat. No. 4,405,422 discloses methods for electrolytic deburring of copper or copper alloys and U.S. Pat. No. 4,411,751 of steel or aluminum alloys. However, when subjecting materials with phases of differing chemical properties such as cemented carbide to chemical treatments, the binder phase is often dissolved first, resulting in a porous surface layer with reduced strength and often containing portions comprising several grains that have disappeared (so-called pitting). It is therefore essential that an electrolyte is used which provides an even removal of material, essentially without depth effect. An example of this is U.S. Pat. No. 5,380,408 which discloses a method for removing cobalt from the surface of cemented carbide using an electrolyte of sulphuric and phosphoric acids. This method, however, does not generate edge rounding.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,320, a method for edge rounding of cutting inserts by electropolishing in an electrolyte containing 2-15 volume % perchloric (HClO.sub.4) or sulphuric (H.sub.2 SO.sub.4) acid in methanol is presented. With this method, for geometrical reasons, the material removal is significantly larger along an edge than on an essentially flat surface resulting in an excellent fine edge rounding whereas the polishing effect is smaller on essentially flat surfaces. However, on such surfaces there often appear spots in which, due to unstable conditions, Co is preferentially etched away. The surface finish after this treatment is also generally not good enough for the inserts to be coated directly by CVD- or PVD methods or to be delivered to the customer. Additional mechanical or chemical treatment is needed. This further treatment can lead to an enlargement of the desired fine edge radius.

Method for obtaining well-defined edge radii on cutting tool inserts in combination with a high surface finish over the whole insert by electropolishing technique


An inner peripheral surface of a tube connecting portion of a tubular connector housing is divided into a first receiving portion on one axial side and a second receiving portion on an opposite axial side by an inwardly directed annular parting projection. A first O-ring of one axial side and a second O-ring of an opposite axial side are disposed with intervening a collar therebetween on an opposite axial side in the first receiving portion. The first O-ring is made of FKM and the second O-ring is made of FVMQ. A third O-ring is disposed on one axial side in the second receiving portion. The third O-ring is also made of FVMQ.

The present invention relates to a quick connector to be adapted for assembly in a fuel piping, for example, a fuel piping of an automobile, and more specifically, to sealing means to provide a seal between a pipe and a connector housing.
In a gasoline fuel piping structure, for example, a gasoline fuel piping structure of an automobile, a quick connector (A) as shown in FIG. 11 is used for joining a tube to a pipe. The quick connector (A) has a tubular connector housing (B) and a retainer (C) fitted in the tubular connector housing (B). The tubular connector housing (B) is provided with a tube connecting portion (D) on one axial end thereof and a pipe inserting portion (E) on an opposite axial end thereof, and the pipe inserting portion (E) has an projection receiving portion (F) on an opposite axial end thereof wherein the retainer (C) is fitted. A pipe is relatively inserted into an insertion opening on an end of the tubular connector housing (B), the pipe inserting portion (E) or the projection receiving portion (F) so as to snap-fit in the quick connector (A), and thereby the quick connector (A) is connected to the pipe. As shown in FIG. 12, a pipe (G) to be connected to the quick connector (A) is formed with an inserting end portion (H) on one axial end thereof, and the inserting end portion (H) of the pipe (G) is provided with an annular engagement projection (I) on an outer peripheral surface thereof. The inserting end portion (H) of the pipe (G) is inserted in the pipe inserting portion (E) of the tubular connector housing (B), the annular engagement projection (I) snap-engages with the retainer (C), and thereby the pipe (G) snap-fits in the quick connector (A).
The pipe inserting portion (E) has a seal holding portion (J) which is formed smaller in diameter than the projection receiving portion (F) on one axial end of the projection receiving portion (F). Sealing means (K) is disposed in the seal holding portion (J) on one axial end thereof to provide a seal between the pipe inserting portion (E) and the inserting end portion (H) of the pipe (G). The sealing means (K) comprises annular sealing member (L) made of elastic material, which prevents gasoline from leaking out between the tubular connector housing (B) and the pipe (G).
Meanwhile, an annular sealing member (L) adapted to the sealing means (K) is preferably made of elastic materials of gasoline resistant property to deal with environmental problems by reducing the amount of gasoline fuel permeation from the quick connector (A), or to prevent the annular sealing member (L) from swelling due to contact with gasoline and thereby losing elasticity. On the other hand, for the sealing means (K), low-temperature resistant properties are required in order to prevent the sealing property of the sealing means (K) from decreasing in cold temperature, for example, in an automobile used in cold climate regions, and thereby gasoline from leaking out. Then, a technical construction is employed wherein the sealing means (K) is constructed by two annular sealing members (L), (L) disposed axially in side by side relation as shown specifically in FIGS. 11 and 12. The annular sealing member (L) of one axial end, which is in contact directly with gasoline, is a material having gasoline resistant property, and the annular sealing member (L) of an opposite axial end is a material having low-temperature resistant property, so that the sealing means (K) is provided with both high gasoline resistant property and low-temperature resistant property.
However, in case that the quick connector (A) is disposed upright or in a direction longitudinally thereof, with an insertion opening upward and the tube connecting portion (D) downward, or in case that a large engagement window (M) to be engaged with the retainer (C) is provided on the projection receiving portion (F) of the connector housing (B) as specifically shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, a relatively large amount of water and dust are likely to migrate between the connector housing (B) and the pipe (G). If the water remains in contact with the pipe (G) between the connector housing (B) and the pipe (G), it eventually causes corrosion on the pipe (G) connected with the quick connector (A). And, if a relatively large amount of water and dust migrate between the connector housing (B) and the pipe (G), there is also a fear that a considerable amount of water and dust penetrate along up to the annular sealing member (L) of an opposite axial end. In a state where a considerable amount of water and dust have penetrated up to the annular sealing member (L) of an opposite axial end, if vibration is exerted on the quick connector (A) or the inserting end portion (H) of the pipe (G), and thereby slight relative sliding movement and/or slight relative rotational movement occur repeatedly between the connector housing (B) and the pipe (G), for example, due to gasoline fuel piping connected to vibration source such as a gasoline engine, the annular sealing member (L) of an opposite axial end is eventually worn off and deteriorated. In case that the annular sealing member (L) of an opposite axial end is deteriorated, if elasticity of the annular sealing member (L) of one axial end is lowered, for example, in cold climate regions, the sealing means (K) eventually loses sufficient sealing function against gasoline fuel.


A gas sealing device for a gas-operated firearm having a piston with a land surface positioned between a lateral flange and a peripheral rib, and a piston seal radially mounted on the land surface and positioned between the lateral flange and the peripheral rib. In operation, the piston and the piston seal can remain interlocked, but still operational so that upon firing, the piston is deflected towards the magazine tube due to the force applied by the piston seal. The piston seal exerts the force on the piston due to the impingement of a propellant gas charge on the piston seal.

For every modern firearm, whether manual or automatic, six steps of operation must be accomplished after firing. Those steps include unlocking the action, extraction of the spent cartridge casing from the firing chamber, ejection of the spent casing, cocking the hammer for the next round, feeding a new round into the firing chamber and locking the action back into battery. In an autoloading firearm, each of these steps is performed by the firearm itself. A semiautomatic firearm performs these steps for each pull of the trigger.
There are three main types of systems for semiautomatic firearm operation: recoil, blow back and gas. In the first of these, the firearm's recoil or kick thrusts the barrel and breech-bolt rearward to operate the action. Conversely, in blow back operation, recoil is used to force the breechblock back without moving the barrel. Each of these systems has been adapted to a wide range of hand-fired and shoulder-fired guns.
The third system for semiautomatic firearm operations has become the most prevalent. Gas-operated firearms and gas-operated shotguns in particular have gained wide acceptance and popularity with firearms enthusiasts. Gas-operated mechanisms, as opposed to blow back or recoil-operated mechanisms, provide a number of advantages. For example, the speed of fire for semiautomatic weapons may be much higher. Also, the heavy operating parts needed by recoil and blow back systems can be avoided, particularly with high-powered cartridges. Thus, overall gun weight is reduced. Moreover, gas operation can be more precisely controlled to generate only the amount of force necessary to cycle the firearm action. Gas operation also provides the additional benefit of spreading the force of recoil out over a longer time frame therefore making the recoil less noticeable and therefore less objectionable to the shooter. Controlling the recoil force in this manner also tends to make the weapon more accurate.
An early gas-operated mechanism for autoloading firearms is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,200,710 to Kelly, et al. ('710), assigned to the same assignee as this application. The contents of that patent are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
In one type of gas operated firearm, a gas port or small hole in the barrel allows propellant powder gas to enter a gas cylinder and to exert pressure on some kind of piston. The piston engages a connecting rod at a forward end with the rear end connected to the firearm action. As the piston is driven rearward by the rapidly expanding propellant gas pressure, the connecting rod works the gun action to perform the steps outlined above. A return recoil spring typically located in the gun stock provides the force necessary to return the action to battery after the spent shell casing has been extracted and ejected. The piston must withstand the repeated subjection to the violent thrusting forces generated by the propellant gas and also the corrosive nature of that gas.
Many of today's gas operated shotguns feature a gas chamber created around the gun magazine tube which is located adjacent to and directly beneath the gun barrel. The gas chamber resides between the outside surface of the magazine tube and the inside surface of a cylindrically-shaped member, commonly called a gas cylinder, connected to the barrel. The piston in this design is a circular member which encircles the magazine tube inside the gas chamber. During the piston's travel through the gas chamber, a gas seal must be provided between the piston and the magazine tube and the piston and the cylindrical member to take full advantage of the powder gas force.
The piston and piston seal described in the '710 patent operate as described above and provided a substantial performance improvement over other designs of the time. However, it has been found that this design may experience stress crack failures. This failure in some instances may render the firearm inoperative, leading those consumers to become dissatisfied with the perceived quality of the firearm. The failures are believed to stem from twisting and/or torquing of the piston and piston seal as they travel along the magazine tube. The relatively small length to diameter ratio of these components may contribute to their susceptibility to twist induced stress cracking. Also, the inside diameter of each component is in sliding contact with the magazine tube that over time may become fouled with deposits and residue from the powder gas. These deposits may cause the piston and piston seal to bind during their travel along the tube.
Thus, there is a need then for a new gas chamber sealing device which will provide the required gas seal, improve service life and address the additional problems described above.

Gas operated firearm piston/piston seal assembly


An article of furniture has a main body, a floor-engagement frame, a plurality of non-rolling floor-engagement members connected to the floor-engagement frame, and a plurality of rollers that are also connected to the floor-engagement frame. These rollers do not engage the floor when the article of furniture rests upon the floor in an ordinary state of usage but do engage the floor when the article of furniture is tilted at least fifteen degrees. The article can further comprise a pedestal that pivotally couples to the floor-engagement frame and that supports a table surface. A user interface can control a latch that holds the table surface perpendicular to the pedestal. Another user interface can control a latch that holds the table surface at a present vertical height when latched.

Articles of furniture comprise a generally well-understood area of endeavor. In many cases articles of furniture are statically placed; once placed in a specific location they are not moved during ordinary use. In other cases, however, the end user (such as an authorized attendant) will position and reposition the article of furniture on a more dynamic basis. This can comprise, for example, moving the article of furniture some considerable distance at least once a month or week or even multiple times in a single day.
The ease with which an attendant can move a given article of furniture varies with a variety of factors including the nature of the surface upon which the article rests. Whether the flooring is carpeted or comprises vinyl, stone tile, or wood, for example, can significantly impact how easily the end user can move the article of furniture.
Wheels (such as but not limited to casters) are sometimes employed to facilitate moving an article of furniture. Wheels, unfortunately, also make it easier to inadvertently move that same article of furniture at an inopportune time. It may be useful, for example, to provide wheels on the legs of a table to facilitate moving that table when desired. Those same wheels, however, make it considerably more likely that that table will be inadvertently and inappropriately moved at other times, too. For example, a person who is rising from their chair and who presses upon the table to assist themselves in rising may cause the table to roll on its wheels and hence move from a desired location.
A locking mechanism can of course be employed to lock such wheels from rolling. Such an approach, however, can lead to other concerns including overall ease of use, safety, and efficiency.
Elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions and/or relative positioning of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help to improve understanding of various embodiments of the present invention. Also, common but well-understood elements that are useful or necessary in a commercially feasible embodiment are often not depicted in order to facilitate a less obstructed view of these various embodiments of the present invention. Certain actions and/or steps may be described or depicted in a particular order of occurrence while those skilled in the art will understand that such specificity with respect to sequence is not actually required. The terms and expressions used herein have the ordinary technical meaning as is accorded to such terms and expressions by persons skilled in the technical field as set forth above except where different specific meanings have otherwise been set forth herein.

Application pertaining to an article that can be selectively tilted and rolled


A ground-enhanced semiconductor package and a lead frame used in the package are provided. The semiconductor package includes a lead frame having a die pad, a plurality of tie bars connected with and supporting the die pad, a plurality of leads surrounding the die pad, and a ground structure, wherein the ground structure comprises at least one of first ground portions connected to the tie bars, and/or at least one of second ground portions connected to the die pad, and wherein the first ground portions are separate from each other, and the second ground portions are separate from each other; at least one chip mounted on the die pad and electrically connected to the leads and the ground structure; and an encapsulation body for encapsulating the chip and the lead frame. The separately-arranged ground portions allow thermal stresses to be released from the ground structure without rendering deformation issues.

A conventional semiconductor package, such as Quad Flat Package(QFP) or Quad Flat Non-leaded(QFN) package, uses a lead frame as a chip carrier having a die pad and a plurality of leads, allowing at least one chip to be mounted on the die pad and electrically connected to the leads by a plurality of bonding wires which are bonded to bond pads on a surface of the chip. An encapsulation body is adopted to encapsulate the chip, the lead frame, and the bonding wires to thereby form the semiconductor package. Moreover, the die pad can be made to have one surface thereof exposed to outside of the encapsulation body, and such an exposed-pad type package facilitates dissipation of heat from the chip via the exposed surface of the die pad.
In response to improvement in chip integration, for the sake of enhancing the electricity performance and reducing noise, the semiconductor package is preferably made to provide grounding function for the chip incorporated therein, which can be accomplished by connecting ground wires to the die pad of the lead frame to effect the grounding performance. However, since the ground wires are usually bonded to peripheral areas on the die pad, in the case of delamination occurring between the die pad and the encapsulation body due to mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) thereof, the ground wires tend to break easily and degrade the electricity performance. Such a drawback becomes more severe in an exposed-pad type package where the occurrence of delamination between the die pad and the encapsulation body is increased due to relatively weaker adhesion therebetween.
Accordingly, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,196,725, 5,237,202, 5,399,809, 5,734,198 and 5,777,265 disclose a semiconductor package using a multi-layer lead frame which is formed with a ground plane, for allowing ground wires to be electrically connected to bond pads on a chip, so as to reduce noise for the chip. However, such a multi-layer lead frame is rather complex in structure which is not material-effective to fabricate, thereby leading to a burden for manufacture and costs of the semiconductor package as well as not in favor of large-scale production.
Therefore, U.S. Pat. No. 5,814,877 provides a single-layer lead frame which is cost-effective and simple to fabricate and not affected by the die-pad delamination problem, wherein a ground ring 62 is formed around a die pad 61 of the lead frame 60 and electrically connected to ground pads on a chip 63, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. Moreover, for an exposed-pad type package, a ground ring can be separate from the die pad and is thus not damaged by the occurrence of delamination between the die pad and the encapsulation body; as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the lead frame 70 taught by U.S. Pat. No. 6,437,427 is formed with a ground ring 73 separate from the die pad 71, such that ground wires 75 not connected to the die pad 71 would not break by delamination of the die pad 71. FIGS. 7A and 7B show another semiconductor package having ground ring according to U.S. Pat. No. 6,380,048, in which a ground ring 82 surrounds the die pad 81 of the lead frame 80 and is connected by S-shaped tie bars 83 to the die pad 81 in a manner that, symmetric hollow-out portions 84 of a predetermined shape are arranged between the die pad 81 and the ground ring 82 and facilitate the release of thermal stresses generated during molding; also, the hollow-out portions 84 are filled by an encapsulation body 85 by which the lead frame 80 is more strongly held in position.
Although the above ground ring desirably simplifies fabrication processes, reduces costs and prevents breaks of ground wires, its continuous ring structure would be easily deformed in a high-temperature condition such as die bond curing, wire bonding and molding processes and reliability tests, as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B. This thermal deformation is caused by thermal expansion of metallic material making the ground ring which is constrained within or not able to be released from the continuous ring structure, and thereby damages the planarity of the ground ring. The deformed ground ring also increases the difficulty in bonding the ground wires, or the ground wires may subject to breaking by the deformation, making the electricity performance undesirably degraded. Besides, during a stamping process for fabricating the lead frame having the continuous ground ring, the stamping force may be left to form residual stresses in the ground ring, which also leads to deformation of the ring structure under a subsequent high-temperature environment.
In respect of FIGS. 7A and 7B taught by U.S. Pat. No. 6,380,048, although the S-shaped tie bars 83 may release the thermal stresses generated during molding, the released stresses are merely from the S-shaped tie bars 83 which interconnect to the die pad 81 and the ground ring 82. The hollow-out portions 84 provides space for stress release from the tie bars 83 along the directions indicated by arrows shown in FIG. 9A. However, for the ground ring 82 whose periphery is tied by the tie bars 83, the thermal stresses are not allowed to be easily released from the ground ring 82, and as a result, the ground ring 82 would be deformed as shown in FIG. 9B, further causing damage to the electrical connection or breaking g (as circled in FIG. 9C) of ground wires 86. Namely, the provision of the S-shaped tie bars still fails to solve the problem of ground-ring deformation.
Therefore, it is of great interest to develop a ground-enhanced semiconductor package that prevents deformation of ground areas and breaks of ground wires under a high-temperature fabricating condition to ensure the electricity performance thereof.

Ground-enhanced semiconductor package and lead frame for the same

Siliconware Precision Industries Co., Ltd.


A power system for a satellite includes a high power amplifier that has a control input. The high power amplifier has a minimum effective isotropic radiated power. A controller is coupled to the control input. The controller generates a control signal to adjust a saturated power output of the high power amplifier to the minimum effective isotropic radiated power.

Communication satellites use high power amplifiers that are used to increase the power of received signals. Typically, communication satellites have high power amplifiers that are grouped together in redundancy rings. Each high power amplifier within the ring has the same operating frequency, bandwidth, and output power. For example, on one of Boeing's commercial satellites, there are forty 32 Ku-Band 120 W traveling wave tube amplifiers, 24 C-Band 40 W traveling wave tube amplifiers, and 38 90 W Ka-Band traveling wave tube amplifiers. Each high power amplifier must be able to meet the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) requirements of the adjacent high power amplifiers within the redundancy ring. However, not all of the high power amplifiers have the identical EIRP requirements. Therefore, extra power is provided to high power amplifiers that have lower EIRP requirements. This is not very power efficient. Reducing the amount of power consumed by a satellite is a goal for satellite producers. Reducing the amount of power consumed by the various components allows additional transponders to be placed upon the satellite to generate additional revenue or allows the power system of the satellite to be reduced.
It would therefore be desirable to reduce the amount of power consumed by high power amplifier circuit systems.

On orbit variable power high power amplifiers for a satellite communications system


A lightweight, substantially unpadded, comfortable, push-in, wire-free bra has, when worn by a female wearer, a front including a pair of cups. Each cup defines upper inner and outer portions, lower inner and outer portions, a top, and a bottom, and is configured and dimensioned to hold substantially one breast of a female wearer. Each cup includes a sling portion that is designed to provide lateral support to the respective breast. In this manner, the sling portions bias the cup upper outer portions inwardly to provide push-in cleavage on the wearer's breasts. Straps are secured to the front for releasably supporting it on a female wearer with the breasts of the female wearer substantially within the cups.

The present invention relates to a wire-free brassiere, and more particularly to a lightweight, substantially unpadded, comfortable, wire-free bra.
A wide variety of wire-free or non-underwire bras is well-known in the bra art. The use of a non-underwire bra, as opposed to an underwire bra, is to reduce discomfort to a wearer typically caused by an underwire, while continuing to provide adequate breast support. As such, a non-underwire bra is typically more useful to women having relatively small breasts, for whom the shoulder straps of the bra are likely to provide an adequate amount of support to the breasts.
However, there are two shortcomings which are often manifested in conventional wire-free bras—adequacy of support and the aesthetics of the wearer's appearance. The reduction in support to the breasts may cause discomfort to the wearer, if the weight of the breasts is not adequately supported, or if the weight of the breasts pulls too heavily upon the shoulder straps of the bra. Additionally, the reduction in support to the breasts may cause an apparent sagging effect on the breasts, or a flattening of the breasts against the chest of the wearer, thus reducing the physical attractiveness of the wearer's appearance.
Despite the wide variety of wire-free bras in the prior art, the need remains for such a bra which is lightweight, substantially unpadded, comfortable and designed to provide sufficient support to the breasts as well as a push-in effect which accentuates cleavage.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a lightweight, substantially unpadded, comfortable, push-in, wire-free bra which provides deeply plunging cleavage while enabling substantial independent motion of the cups (and hence the wearer's breasts) relative to one another.


Implementations of this specification provide a method and an apparatus for obtaining a display policy through reinforcement learning techniques. The display policy can be used to select particular page layouts to present to a user. The method includes the following: obtaining user features of a first user in response to a request for accessing a first page by the first user; selecting, according to a display policy and based on the user features, a first page layout from a first plurality of candidate page layouts; displaying the first page to the first user with the first page layout; obtaining operation information of the first user on the first page with the first page layout, and determining a reward score for current page display based on the operation information; and updating the display policy for displaying pages by using a reinforcement learning algorithm based at least on the reward score.

In the information age, various information is displayed to users through pages. For example, various information can be displayed to users through web pages, and various APPs are also displayed to users through application pages, for example, a merchandise recommendation page of mobile phone client software of TAOBAO. How to display pages to best satisfy users' demands is an important problem.
Usually, a dedicated product manager or designer designs a page, and determines a method of displaying the page. However, this solution relies heavily on the experience of the product manager or designer, has high labor costs, and may deviate from user's demands in product design. In addition, the AB test is sometimes used to determine a display solution. However, as such, a page display solution favored by most people can be selected, which cannot show a diversity of display methods, and cannot satisfy demands of different users to a maximum extent.
Therefore, an improved solution is desired for determining the most suitable page display methods for different users to satisfy users' demands and improve user experience. P

Method and apparatus for displaying page to user through reinforcement learning


A vehicle sensor system consisting of video, radar, ultrasonic or laser sensors, oriented to obtain a 360 degree view around the vehicle for the purpose of developing a situation or scene awareness. The sensors may or may not have overlapping field of views, or support the same applications, but data will be shared by all. Orientation of the sensor to the vehicle body coordinates is critical in order to accurately assess threat and respond. This system describes methods based on measuring force and rotation on each sensor and computing a dynamic alignment to first each other, then second to the vehicle.

Next generation automotive systems such as Lane Departure Warning (LDW), Collision Avoidance (CA), Blind Spot Detection (BSD) or Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) systems will require target information from multiple sensors including a new class of sensor such as radar, image or laser, similar to those found on advanced tactical fighter aircraft. For example, one sensor may be located on the front bumper of the vehicle and obtains range and azimuth information about vehicles and stationary objects in front of the vehicle. Another sensor may be located on the dash of the vehicle and obtains image information about vehicles and stationary objects in front of the vehicle. Another sensor may be located on the side of the vehicle and obtains either range and azimuth data or image data in order to determine velocity and track information on vehicles that pass the vehicle. These new systems must take all of the information from the multiple sensors on the vehicle and compute an accurate picture of the moving objects around the vehicle; this is known as kinematic state of the targets, or Situation Awareness (SA). To do this the Situation Awareness Platform (SAP) must accurately align the sensors to each other so that information about a target from one sensor can be used with information about the target from a different sensor. This is called Sensor Fusion (SF), this is necessary for the SAP to get an optimal kinematic state of the targets around the vehicle in order to assess threat. The sensors must also be aligned to the body of the vehicle so that the SAP can determine the position and velocity of the target with respect to the vehicle; this is called Navigation Fusion (NF).
One method of aligning the sensors to each other and to the vehicle is to use mechanical and optical instruments, such as auto-collimators and laser boresight tools, during the production of the vehicle. This technique is not only costly, but would be required if a sensor were repaired or replaced after production. An alignment procedure would have to be performed again in order to assure the safety critical systems were reporting accurately. Also as the vehicle goes through normal wear and tear the sensors would start to become misaligned and may not be noticed by the operator. This means that the data from the sensors would not correlate with each other and the vehicle reference frame until the sensors were aligned again. Again, this would be costly to the vehicle operator and until performed, the SAP may not provide accurate data. Therefore, a method to align the sensors to each other and to the vehicle without the use of sophisticated optical tools is required. This patent addresses this problem by describing methods that can be used to align the sensors to each other and to the vehicle that do not require external alignment equipment.
In a discussion of Prior Art, U.S. Pat. No. 5,245,909, Automatic Sensor Alignment, relates to systems for maintaining alignment-sensitive aircraft-borne avionics and weapons sensors in precise alignment. It further relates to methods for precisely aligning sensitive avionics for weapons system instrumentation, which is subject to vibrations causing misalignment. Whereas this disclosure relates to methods and systems that support advanced automotive systems not described in the prior art. A second key difference is the reliance on sensor data from the vehicle as part of the alignment method. Another difference is using image sensors with elements of the vehicle in the field of view of the imager and employing optical methods for determining changes to the alignment with respect to the vehicle and vehicle reference frame, then applying a compensation based on the misalignment angle measured. Finally, this system described herein does not require a reliance on boresighting and aligning any sensor to achieve a vehicle reference frame.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,202,027, Automatic Curve Sensor Calibration, describes an improved system for accurately determining the travel path of a host vehicle and the azimuth angle of a target vehicle through an automatic calibration that detects and compensates for misalignment and curve sensor drift. The difference is a reliance on observed objects and track file generation and subsequent changes to the track files over time. Whereas this patent teaches methods of alignment based force vectors, rotational rates or optically measured changes with respect to the vehicle reference frame. Essentially all observed objects are compensated for misalignment error on the observing vehicle.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,031,330, Electronic Boresight, teaches that pairs of level sensing devices can be used in a method that aligns plane surfaces to one another by tilting platforms equal to the amount misalignment measured to adjust the sensor azimuth. Whereas this patent teaches that the sensors are rigidly mounted to the vehicle and correction to misalignment is done by compensation values observed with respect to the vehicle reference frame.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

System and method for aligning sensors on a vehicle


A method and system for reducing bus traffic in a multiple processor system having a shared memory and processor related private caches. Store multiple word instructions are evaluated to determine whether a full cache line is to be modified. If the full cache line is to be stored, a cache line kill is issued on the system bus and the cache line is written to the cache. Any store operation of single word, or multiple words extending over portions of a cache line, invokes conventional memory coherence processes.

A system for processing information can include a system memory. Moreover, one or more devices of the system can include a cache memory. A cache memory is a relatively small high-speed memory that stores a copy of information from one or more portions of the system memory.
Frequently, the cache memory is physically distinct from the system memory. Each device manages the state of its respective cache memory. A device can copy information from a portion of the system memory into the device's cache memory, and the device can modify information in its cache memory.
In a coherent memory system, all devices operate in response to the most recent version of information for the system memory. Such coherency allows synchronization, cooperative use of shared resources, and task migration among the devices. For maintaining memory coherency, a device can copy modified information from its cache memory back to a portion of the system memory.
Such copying adds traffic through the system bus. The added traffic is significant where a first device frequently modifies information for the system memory while a second device frequently attempts to input the information. By adding traffic through the system bus, overall performance of the system is degraded.
Thus, a need has arisen for a method and system for maintaining memory coherency, in which traffic through the system bus is diminished relative to previous techniques. Also, a need has arisen for a method and system for maintaining memory coherency, in which overall performance of the system is improved.
In response to an instruction specifying all of a portion of information, all of the portion is written into a first memory without copying the portion from a second memory, independent of whether the portion is previously modified within the second memory.
It is a technical advantage that traffic through a system bus is diminished relative to previous techniques.
It is another technical advantage that overall performance of the system is improved.

Method and system for selectively invalidating cache lines during multiple word store operations for memory coherence

International Business Machines Corporation


The printer controller controls the shared printer of a network to which the clients are connected. The clients are provided with browsers. The printer controller operates on the printer server which has a function of sending home page data containing information about the shared printer corresponding to URL from the clients connected to the network. The printer controller sends the home page data containing the information about the shared printer and performs at least one or more of operation monitoring, check and instruction of the shared printer connected to the printer server according to the received URL indicating a request of that.

(i) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a printer controller and a program recording medium recording a program in which the printer controller is embodied. Specifically, it relates to a printer controller installed for a printer which is connected to a network and a program recording medium recording the program in which the printer controller is embodied.
(ii) Description of the Related Art
In recent years, to share software resources such as data and software or hardware resources such as a printer and a modem in the environment where a plurality of computers are used by many users, it is becoming general to form a network by connecting the computers to each other. Over such network, it is general to use printers and databases shared by host computers in the network, and in order to perform batch processing for printers and databases for requests from host computers, a computer called a server is installed. For example, when a plurality of host computers (hereinafter referred to as xe2x80x9cclientsxe2x80x9d) are used together with a printer, a printer server is installed. The printer server is a computer which provides the service sharing the printer and has the function of performing the operation setting and change of the printer setting in accordance with requests from the client.
Before the printer server is introduced, the operating state of a printer is displayed on a small liquid crystal panel mounted on the printer and the printer is also set with a small number of limited buttons mounted on the printer. However, the display of such a liquid crystal panel is exceedingly hard to see and such buttons are hard to use because of their bad operability. Moreover, if the printer is located at a site separated from the client, it is difficult for a user of the client machine to always identify the operation of the printer. To solve these problems, such a printer controller has been installed over a network up to this time, that can identify the printer operation from the client.
For example, as disclosed in the Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 9-185472 and the Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 9-311769, a user of the client is provided with the information about the operating state of the printer such as print status or error occurrence on the display window of a client machine in real time by using a GUI (graphical user interface). Similarly, it is able to set the operation of the printer in real time by using such GUI.
However, the prior art described above includes the following problems. If such GUI as described above is used over a network, a dedicated controller has to be installed in both the server and the client machines that are scheduled to use the printer including both the server and client machines. This is because the server and the client machines become able to mutually communicate with each other by installing dedicated controllers and perform the operation monitoring and setting of the printer. In particular, in a large-scale network environment, the workload of installing the dedicated controller in such machines is heavy.
Moreover, whenever a new printer is additionally installed in a network, such printer-dedicated controller must be installed in all the machines that are scheduled to use the printer, and the workload required for such installation work is also heavy.
The present invention has been developed in consideration of the problems in the prior art described above, and it can apply to the printer controller and a recording medium recording the program in which the printer controller is embodied.
An object of the present invention is to provide, in a printer installed in a network, a printer controller which can greatly reduce the workload during printer installation and a recording medium recording the program in which the printer controller is embodied.
Further, an object of the present invention is to provide a printer controller which can easily perform the operating state monitoring, check and instruction of the printer from a client and a recording medium recording the program in which the printer controller is embodied.
To solve the issues, the printer controller of the first invention according to this application is installed over a network to which a printer server, a client and a printer are connected. Further, the printer controller performs the communication between the client and printer via the printer server. Moreover, the printer server has the function of a web server and has the function of setting at least one or more of the operation monitoring, check and instruction of the printer by a client browser.
Accordingly, the operating state of such printer can immediately be identified when the operating state of such printer must be obtained on the client. Besides, when a new printer is installed, because the step of individually installing a dedicated controller which corresponds to the new printer is not required, the workload required for installing the printer in the network can greatly be reduced.
Further, the printer controller of the second invention according to this application is installed over a network to which a printer server, a client and a printer are connected. Further, the printer controller performs the communication between the client and printer via the printer server. Moreover, the printer server has the function of communicating with a browser and has the function of setting at least one or more of the operation monitoring, check and instruction of the printer by the client browser.
Accordingly, the operating state of such printer can immediately be identified when the operating state of such printer must be obtained on the client. Besides, when a new printer is installed, because the step of individually installing a dedicated controller which corresponds to the new printer is not required, the workload required for installing the printer in the network can greatly be reduced.
Furthermore, in the third invention according to this application, the printer controller of the above first invention further comprises a control unit for communicating with a printer server and a database. The database communicates with the control unit and manages the printer information sent from the printer in a batch. Further, the control unit receives the browser information sent from the client browser from the printer server and sends the operation setting request and/or change request of the printer to the database as needed.
Accordingly, for example, whenever a new printer is added to a network, because the environment of the control unit and the entire printer server need not be updated, the workload required for additionally installing the printer in the network can greatly be reduced. Besides, because the information about all the printers connected to the network can immediately be detected, the maintainability of the network can be improved.
Further, in the fourth invention according to this application, the printer controller of the above first invention further comprises a control unit for communicating with a printer server and a database. The database manages the printer information sent from the printer in a batch and the printer server are provided. Further, the control unit receives the printer information from the database and sends it to the printer server.
Accordingly, for example, whenever a new printer is additionally installed in a network, because the environment of the control unit and the entire printer server need not be updated, the workload required for additionally installing the printer in the network can greatly be reduced. Besides, because the information about all the printers connected to the network can immediately be detected, the maintainability of the network can be improved.
Furthermore, the fifth invention according to this application is the printer controller of the above first invention, wherein the printer information is displayed on a client browser.
Accordingly, because the operating state of the printer is displayed as an image formed using a graphical user interface, a user of the client machine can easily identify the operating state of the printer.
Besides, in the sixth invention according to this application, the printer controller of the above first invention further comprises a control unit comprises a state monitoring unit which obtains the operating state of a printer. And the printer controller further comprises a setting control unit which obtains the operation setting value of the printer from a database and updates the setting value as needed. Further, the setting control unit and the state monitoring unit are installed in the control unit independently of the database, respectively.
Accordingly, whenever a new printer is additionally installed in a network, because the environment of the control unit and the entire printer server need not be updated, the workload required for additionally installing the printer in the network can greatly be reduced.
Further, the seventh invention according to this application is the printer controller of the above sixth invention, wherein a setting control unit and/or a state monitoring unit is installed corresponding to a printer.
Accordingly, whenever a new printer is added to a network, the workload regarding the additional setting of the printer can be reduced. This is because the setting control unit and/or the state monitoring unit corresponding to the new printer may simply be installed and the environment of the control unit and the entire printer server need not be updated.
Furthermore, the eighth invention according to this application is the printer controller of the above sixth invention, wherein a setting control unit has a polling setting control means which executes polling every fixed time.
Therefore, the operating state of the printer is automatically updated when a preset, predetermined time elapses. Accordingly, because a user need not perform any update procedure on purpose, the workload of a user of the client machine can be reduced.
Besides, the ninth invention according to this application is the printer controller of the above sixth invention, wherein a setting control unit has a polling setting control means which executes polling every fixed time.
Therefore, the operating state of the printer is automatically settled when a preset, predetermined time elapses. Accordingly, because a user need not perform any update procedure on purpose, the workload of a user of the client machine can be reduced.
Further, in the tenth invention according to this application, the state monitoring unit of the above sixth invention has an image data unit for generating an image file. Therefore, an appropriate and detailed image corresponding to a printer can be provided.
Furthermore, the 11th invention according to this application is a storage medium recording a program and a recording medium recording the program, wherein the printer controller of the above first invention according to this application is embodied.
Accordingly, when such program is recorded in the recording medium, the printer controller can easily be installed in the printer server even if such program becomes a high-capacity one.
The present invention attains the objects described above by each of these means.


The device comprises an aperture stop disc divided into a plurality of mutually exclusive filtering segments comprising a first, a second and a third filtering segment ; the third filtering segment is adapted to pass a third portion of the spectrum which is included in the portion of the spectrum passing the first and second filtering segments. Due to third filtering segment, the aperture assigned to the color component corresponding to the third portion of the spectrum—preferably blue—is larger than the aperture assigned to the color component corresponding to the portion of the spectrum passing the first and second filtering segments.

The document U.S. Pat. No. 3,712,199 discloses an anaglyphic stereoscopic image capture device comprising:                an image receiving medium,        a lens adapted to image on said image receiving medium a 3D-scene illuminated by rays having wavelengths distributed over a spectrum, said lens having an optical axis and an aperture stop,        means for dividing an aperture stop plane disc comprised in the surface of the aperture stop and centered on said optical axis into a plurality of mutually exclusive segments comprising a left segment, a right segment and a complementary black and opaque segment, wherein the left segment and the right segment are mutually symmetrical with the center of said disc, and wherein the complementary segment is symmetrical with the center of said disc, said dividing means comprising a filter disposed over the left segment at the aperture stop plane disc and adapted to pass a first predetermined portion of the spectrum (ex.: ref. 132 on FIG. 8—red filter), and a second filter disposed over the right segment of the aperture stop plane disc and adapted to pass a second predetermined portion of the spectrum (ex.: ref. 134 on FIG. 8—blue-green, i.e. cyan filter).
In such an anaglyphic stereoscopic image capture device, rays emanating from the illumination of the objects of the scene and imaging these objects through said lens on the image receiving medium are divided at the aperture stop plane disc into a first group of rays in the first portion of the spectrum (ref. 62a on FIG. 5), a second group of rays in the second portion of the spectrum (ref. 62b on FIG. 5), such that rays of the first and second groups converge on the image receiving medium to form an anaglyphic composite image of the scene, which is formed of a first red image of the scene in the first (red) portion of the spectrum, and a second (cyan) image of the scene in the second portion of the spectrum.
In an article published in January 2009, entitled "Magenta-cyan Anaglyphs", and authored by Robin Lobel, the advantage of using magenta-cyan anaglyph images are emphasized over other types of combination of primary colors, as the red-cyan anaglyphs for instance. Such magenta-cyan anaglyphs send a common primary blue color to both eyes. The ghosting of blue color that may occur due the mixing of blue left and blue right primary images is avoided by blurring horizontally these images by an amount equal to the average parallax. Due the low spatial frequency perception of blue by the human eye, such a blurring does not reduce the sharpness of the colored images as perceived by the viewers.

Anagylphic stereoscopic image capture device


Provided are novel hetero-polycyclic compounds having a specific structure, color-changing material compositions comprising (A) a fluorescent coloring matter comprising at least one of the hetero-polycyclic compounds described above and (B) a binder material, color-changing films comprising the above hetero-polycyclic compounds, coloring matters comprising the above hetero-polycyclic compounds, and pigments or dyes comprising the hetero-polycyclic compounds described above, and provided are color-changing material compositions which are not deteriorated in a color-changing performance even after used for long time and which are prevented from being unusable due to deposition of coloring matters during storage and color-changing films produced by using the same, and novel hetero-polycyclic compounds, coloring matters and pigments or dyes which actualize them.

The present invention relates to novel hetero-polycyclic compounds, and coloring matters, pigments or dyes, color-changing material compositions and color-changing films, which are produced by using the above compounds, specifically to color-changing material compositions which are not deteriorated in a color-changing performance even after used for long time and which are prevented from being unusable due to deposition of coloring matters during storage and color-changing films produced by using the same, and novel hetero-polycyclic compounds, coloring matters and pigments or dyes which actualize them.

Hetero-polycyclic compounds, and coloring matters, pigments, dyes, color-changing material compositions, and color-changing films, made by using the compounds


A controller support for virtual reality video games, where the support is presented in the form of a stick simulating an object in the virtual reality video game, at least one housing is adapted to receive a controller by interlocking, the controller housing is secured to the stick by way of a pin, the controller housing is grippable and configured to be removably engaged on the pin, a magnetic connection exerting a magnetic force ensures the holding in position of the controller housing on the pin, the magnetic connection is configured such that the engagement/disengagement of the controller housing on the pin is done by a lateral movement of said housing, the magnetic force being oriented in the direction of this lateral movement.

An immersive virtual environment comprises stimuli sources, making it possible for a user to have the feeling of being completely immersed in the virtual environment of the video game.
Virtual reality headsets make it possible for the user to be immersed in a virtual scene of a video game, for example, by moving their head and their face, by making certain movements and by possibly moving in a limited radius.
A virtual reality headset is presented in the form of a mask covering the eyes of the user. A screen and lenses are placed a few centimeters opposite the eyes to display virtual images. Various sensors make it possible to detect the head and face movements of the user, which makes it possible to adapt, in real time, the image projected on the screen, in order to produce the illusion of an immersion in the returned scene. These headsets are, for example, commercialized under the brands HTC VIVE®, OCULUS RIFT®, LENOVO®, or SAMSUNG ODYSSEY®.
In 3D shooting games, the image of a target or of an enemy displayed on the screen of the headset must be hit by a bullet. The targeting of the target and the shot is made by means of at least one controller held by the player. These controllers generally operate in pairs, one in each hand of the user.
These controllers generally comprise a joystick or touchpad for the movements of the player in the virtual environment, one or more buttons and/or triggers making it possible to trigger actions in this environment and in particular, the position/placement of objects, shooting, aiming, firing, etc. Different movement and/or position sensors are arranged on a ring secured to the stick of the controller. They are, for example, commercialized by the company OCULUS® under the brand OCULUS TOUCH® or by the company VIVE®. Patent documents USD780807, US2017262048 or also US2016361637 also disclose this type of controller.
Controllers are monitored in the space by means of different sensors/transmitters (arranged on the controllers and/or the headset and/or in the room where the game takes place), such that the user can interact with the virtual environment by themselves. Various techniques make it possible to synchronize the images projected on the screen of the headset with the position of the controllers. These techniques do not form the subject of the present invention and will therefore not be described here. It is the same for techniques of transmitting data between the headset, the controllers and the central unit making it possible for the implementation of the video game.
The handling of controllers during a game significantly affects the experience of the game insofar as the players are bound to play with speed and precision with respect to an action. Each detail which returns to the brain of the player that this is virtual reality, is likely to interfere with their feeling of immersion and their experience. If current controllers make it possible to effectively simulate the holding of an object in each hand (for example, a handgun, a knife, a stick, etc.), the result is not as good, as soon as this simulates the holding of an object which is held with both hands (for example, as assault rifle, a sword, a golf club, a fishing rod, etc.).
In the field of shooting games, complex and expensive reproductions of assault rifles are known, such as those described in patent document EP1900404 or those commercialized under the brands DELTA SIX® or STRIKER VR®.
However, in a virtual reality environment, the player does not see what they have in their hands. One single support making it possible to hold the two controllers in an alignment seems fully sufficient. This type of support is today commercialized by the applicant under the brand ProTubeVR® (https://www.protubevr.com). This support is presented in the form of a stick which can be gripped with two hands, which simulates, for example, a gun in the virtual reality video game. Two housings secured to the gun are adapted to each receive a controller by interlocking. Each controller housing is secured to the stick by way of an articulated pin enabling a rotation of said housing with respect to the axis of said stick. The player has the feeling of holding the trigger of a gun in one hand and the barrel in the other. During the game, the impression of holding a virtual weapon is actually real and the player benefits from an optimal shooting precision.
Certain games regularly demand to independently use the two controllers thereof for different types of actions such as recharging the weapon thereof, speaking on the radio, throwing objects or also interacting with other players. As many interactions which demand the player to remove at least one controller from the housing thereof, then to replace it there. With the current ProTubeVR® support, the housing remains attached to the stick. The controller is removed from the housing by a movement upwards. Putting the controller back in place in the housing is done by an inverse movement downwards. These up/down movements are not more intuitive for the player. Furthermore, upon the reinsertion of the controller in the housing, the difficulty of finding the original haphazard position is added (the player with the virtual reality headset in front of their eyes), which is likely to lose sometimes precious time under the fire of the action.
Controller supports commercialized by the company MAMUT® (http://mamutvr.com) or commercialized under the name MAGNETIC VIVE RIFLE VR (accessible, for example, from the website https://www.etsy.com/fr/listing/491103695/htc-vive-magnetique-controleur-double) are known, wherein the controllers are attached by magnetization on the support. The controller is disconnected from the support by a movement frontwards, in the axis of said support. The magnetic connection includes a magnetized disc which is attached to the top of the ring of the controller and which engages with a magnetized or metal part attached under the support. This type of support has several disadvantages. The magnetized disc added to the controller has a significant weight likely to cause an imbalance frontwards. In addition, during the assembly of the controller on the support, all or some of the sensors positioned in the ring of the controller are hidden by said support. Also, the solution by magnetized disc on the ring is not compatible with all controller models, and does not suit, in particular, ACER®, LENOVO® or SAMSUNG controllers where the ring is not rigid enough to support the magnetized disc. Furthermore, this solution is not compatible with an articulation enabling the rotation of the controller.

Controller support for virtual reality video games


The present embodiments provide a system and method for seamlessly roaming between different wireless access technologies. In an exemplary embodiment, a universal wireless access gateway (UWAG) may include a shared component and a first environment access module (EAM) that communicates with the shared component to enable access to a first network using a first wireless access technology. Additionally, the UWAG may include a second EAM that communicates with the shared component. The second EAM and shared component may enable access to a second network using a second wireless access technology that differs from the first wireless access technology. An exemplary data structure including various pointer blocks and data blocks may also be provided for switching between different wireless access technologies.

Wireless technology has become an important part of modern communications. From cellular phones to personal digital assistants, wireless technology enables devices to communicate with networks and other devices while in a mobile setting. Additionally, as wireless networks continue to grow and mobile devices continue to become more popular, it is expected that the importance and utility of wireless technology will increase as well.
A number of access technologies have been established for wireless communications, such as Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA), and so forth. Unfortunately, present wireless networks typically do not allow for mobile devices to communicate using multiple wireless access technologies. This limitation may severely restrict the utility of a mobile device, and prevent the mobile device from operating when a network that employs a given wireless access technology is not available.
Accordingly, it is desirable to have a system and method for wireless communications that overcomes the above deficiencies associated with the prior art. This may be achieved by using a universal wireless access gateway to allow for switching of wireless access technologies employed by a mobile node.

System and method for a universal wireless access gateway


Disclosed herein is a cooling system for a chamber of an ingot growth apparatus. In the present invention, guide blades (180) are provided in a base plate (100) at positions adjacent to unevenly curved parts of a guide line (170), which is the base plate (100), and along which cooling water flows. Furthermore, guide blades (360) are provided in a lid (300) at positions adjacent to ports, which are provided in the lid (300) and interfere with the flow of cooling water. As such, in the present invention, the guide blades are provided in the base plate (100) and the lid (300), which define the chamber, at positions at which cooling water creates stationary vortices, thus solving a problem of water stagnation, thereby increasing a cooling effect.

Generally, as shown in FIG. 1, a silicon ingot growth apparatus includes a chamber unit 10, in which polysilicon is melted, and a growth tower unit 20, in which the molten polysilicon is brought into contact with a seed crystal, which slowly rises and thus grows as a silicon ingot having a predetermined diameter.
Furthermore, a quartz crucible 12, which melts polysilicon, is rotatably installed in the chamber unit 10. A heater 14 is provided outside the quartz crucible to heat it. A thermal shield wall 16 is provided outside the heater to prevent heat from being emitted to the outside of the chamber unit.
Typically, the chamber unit 10, having the above-mentioned construction, includes a base plate, a main body and a lid. Each of the base plate, the main body and the lid has a cooling system therein to prevent it from being heated by the heater.
The base plate of the conventional technique is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
Referring to these drawings, the conventional base plate 100 includes an upper plate 110 and a lower plate 120 which are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance such that cooling water flows in a space defined between them. The base plate 100 further includes a side plate 130 which forms the sidewall of the base plate 100 and seals it.
Furthermore, a shaft coupling hole 140, through which a shaft to rotate the quartz crucible is inserted, is formed at a central position through the base plate 100. Electrode rod assembly holes 150 and 152, through which electrode rods to heat the quartz crucible are mounted, are formed at predetermined positions through the base plate 100. As well, vacuum creation holes 160, to which a vacuum pump to create a vacuum in the chamber is connected, are formed at predetermined positions through the base plate 100. The electrode rod assembly holes 150 and 152 are classified into the side electrode rod assembly holes 150 and the lower electrode rod assembly holes 152.
The cooling system is provided in the base plate 100 having the above-mentioned structure. In detail, an injection hole 102, through which cooling water is injected into the chamber, is formed in the base plate 100 at a position adjacent to the center thereof. A discharge hole 104, through which the cooling water is discharged, is formed in the base plate 100 at a predetermined position adjacent to the outer edge of the base plate 100. Furthermore, a guide line 170 is provided in the base plate 100, such that the flow path of cooling water, which is injected through the injection hole 102, forms a spiral configuration while the cooling water flows to the discharge hole 104, thus preventing the cooling water from directly and linearly flowing towards the discharge hole 104. Therefore, cooling water, which is injected into the chamber through the injection hole 102, flows along the guide line 170 and evenly spreads throughout the overall area of the base plate 100 before being discharged through the discharge hole 104. Of course, a cooling water circulation system, in which the discharged cooling water is again supplied to the injection hole 102 after passing through a separate process, is provided.
However, in the conventional base plate having the cooling system, because the guide line has an unevenly curved shape due to the electrode rod assembly holes and the vacuum pump connection holes, there is a problem in that stagnation due to vortices occurs near unevenly curved parts of the guide line. Particularly, stagnation mainly occurs in portions (H) indicated by hatching in FIG. 2. Such stagnation causes a partial temperature drop in the chamber, thus resulting in a relatively sudden temperature rise, so that problems, such as defective products, may occur during a production process. Furthermore, with the passage of time, due to metal corrosion, cooling water leakage may occur.
Meanwhile, the lid of the chamber unit according to the conventional technique is shown in FIG. 4.
Referring to this drawing, the conventional lid 300 defines therein a space, in which cooling water flows.
Furthermore, an observation window 310 is provided at a predetermined position in the lid 300 to allow a user to observe the interior of the chamber unit 10. A typical camera port 320, a diameter control port 330, a polysilicon passing port 340, and a lift port 350 are provided at predetermined positions in the lid 300.
The lid 300 having the above-mentioned structure has a cooling system therein. In detail, an injection hole 302, through which cooling water is supplied, is formed at a lower position in the lid 300. A discharge hole 304, through which the cooling water is discharged, is formed at an upper position in the lid 300. Thus, the cooling water, which is injected through the injection hole 302, flows in a clockwise direction, as indicated by the arrows in the drawing, and spreads upwards throughout the overall area of the lid 300 before being discharged through the discharge hole 304. Of course, a cooling water circulation system, in which the discharged cooling water is again supplied to the injection hole 302 after passing through a separate process, is provided.
However, in the conventional lid with the cooling system having the above-mentioned structure, when cooling water, which is injected through the injection hole, spins in the direction indicated by the arrows of the drawing and spreads upwards, because this is backflow, that is, flow from a lower position to an upper position, the flow speed of the cooling water changes. Thereby, vortices occur. As well, because the ports interfere with the flow of the cooling water while the cooling water is discharged through the discharge hole, stagnation due to vortices occurs near curved parts of the ports.
Particularly, FIG. 4 shows that stagnation mainly occurs in portions (H) indicated by hatching. Of course, such stagnation causes a partial temperature drop in the chamber, thus resulting in a relatively sudden temperature rise, so that problems, such as defective products, may occur during a production process. Furthermore, with the passage of time, due to metal corrosion, cooling water leakage may occur.

Cooling system for chamber of ingot growth arrangement


Embodiments of the present invention disclose a composition of an electrolyte solution comprising a water-soluble active ingredient; a water-insoluble solid active ingredient; and a dispersant that consists of a polyaminoamide resin, a polyoxyalkylene derivative thereof, a polyglycerol derivative thereof, a polycarbamate derivative thereof and a combination thereof.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to dispersants, and in particular, polyamide dispersants for use in high-electrolyte agricultural solutions.
2. Description of the Related Art
The active ingredients in many agricultural applications are largely hydrophobic or water-insoluble in character and are, by necessity, often administered as finely divided solids suspended in aqueous media. The majority of these active ingredients are manufactured and marketed in concentrated forms which are then diluted prior to application. For example, the active ingredient is typically available in the form of a Suspension Concentrate (SC), Wettable Powder (WP) or Water Dispersible Granule (WG). Although solid formulations such as WP's and WG's are attractive not only from a loading delivery viewpoint, but also from an Occupational Health and Safety viewpont, not all agrochemicals can be formulated into solid formulations. Therefore liquid formulations such as SC's are an important formulation type. The addition of a suitable dispersant in SC formulations is essential in order to achieve a homogenous dispersion. Furthermore, once a homogenous dispersion is achieved, the resulting suspension must remain stable for sufficient time, at least, to allow application by usual means such as spraying. Any settling, agglomeration or flocculation of the solid in the SC formulation may lead to inconsistent and ineffective application as well as blockage of the spraying equipment. It is therefore necessary to provide a dispersant, which gives easy and homogenous dispersion and results in a suspension, which maintains its stability during prolonged storage or storage at elevated temperatures.
It is often desirable to suspend a water-insoluble solid active ingredient in a high-electrolyte (salt) solution, such as a fertilizer or particularly in the case of agrochemical formulations, to combine two active ingredients together in one formulation where one of the active ingredients is a solid dispersion while the other is an electrolyte solution. Solid dispersions in SC formulations in agrochemical applications are generally made using conventional dispersants such as ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate derivatives, naphthelene suphonate condensate salts, and polymeric comb co-polymers, polyarylsulphonate condensates, alkylether phosphates and ether sulphates, and lignosulphonates. Although these dispersants afford stable SC's exhibiting no sign of sedimentation or crystal growth in non-electrolyte solutions, they fail as dispersants at high electrolyte solutions, leading to particle agglomeration and flocculation.
In some high-electrolyte solutions, lignosulfonates have been utilized as dispersants, however, they display poor dispersing properties. Large amounts of the dispersant are required in order to obtain a stable dispersion, which increases the cost of the dispersion. Furthermore, in higher electrolyte concentrations, or alternatively when high levels of the water insoluble active is required in the electrolyte solution, lignosulfonates fail to prevent particle agglomeration and flocculation.

Dispersants in high-electrolyte solutions

HUNTSMAN CORPORATION AUSTRALIA PTY LIMITED