Thermally stable ceric oxide-based compositions, well suited as catalysts/catalyst supports for a wide variety of reactions, notably for the catalytic conversion of exhaust gases emanating from internal combustion engines, comprise particulates of immixture of a major amount of ceric oxide with at least one other metal oxide of magnesium, gallium, boron, scandium, or mixture thereof, and having a specific surface greater than 10 m.sup.2 /g after calcination at 800.degree. C.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to novel compositions based on ceric oxide having a thermally stable specific surface and to the use of such cerium oxide-based compositions, notably in the field of catalysis.
By "specific surface" is intended the B.E.T. specific surface as determined by the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller technique described in Journal of the American Chemical Society, 60, 309 (1938).
2. Description of the Prior Art
It is known to this art that ceric oxide is a useful catalyst or catalyst support. Compare, for example, the text by Paul Meriaudeau et al, relating to the synthesis of methanol from CO+H.sub.2 in the presence of catalysts of platinum deposited onto ceric oxide. (C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris, v.297, Series II-471 (1983)).
It is also well known to this art that the efficiency of a catalyst is generally proportionately higher when the area of contact between the catalyst and the reactants is large. To accomplish this, the catalyst must be maintained in a state which is as finely divided as possible, namely, the solid particles comprising same must be as small and individualized as is possible. The fundamental role of the support, therefore, is to maintain the catalyst particles or crystallites in contact with the reactants in as finely divided state as can be attained.
Over the extended life of a catalyst support, its specific surface decreases, due, on the one hand, to the coalescence of the very fine micropores thereof and, on the other, to the enlargement of the divided particles, for example by sintering. During this decrease in surface area, a fraction of the catalyst is absorbed into the bulk of the support and is no longer available for contact with the reactants.
To date, most of the available ceric oxides have a specific surface which decreases rapidly in the event of operating temperatures higher than 500.degree. C. Thus, R. Alvero et al, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans., 87 (1984), describe the preparation, from ceric ammonium nitrate, of a ceric oxide exhibiting a specific surface of 29 m.sup.2 /g after calcination at a temperature of 600.degree. C.
In the aforesaid P. Meriaudeau et al publication, a CeO.sub.2 is prepared having a specific surface of 27 m.sup.2 /g via essentially the same process.

Thermally stable ceric oxide-based compositions and process for their preparation


A cathode ray tube is provided with an electron gun having an electron lens including a large-diameter cylinder electrode and a small-diameter cylinder electrode composed of a large-diameter cylinder portion and a small-diameter cylinder portion, and at least the large-diameter cylinder portion of the small-diameter cylinder electrode is inserted in the large-diameter cylinder electrode thereby forming the electron lens. The small-diameter cylinder portion extending in the tube axis direction of the large-diameter cylinder electrode and connected to the large-diameter cylinder electrode is expanded or bulged, or the bottom portion of the large-diameter cylinder electrode is removed while only the electrode support portion connected to the large-diameter cylinder electrode is left, so that the electrode support fixed to the outer surface of the small-diameter cylinder portion of the small-diameter cylinder electrode can pass therethrough.

The present invention relates to cathode ray tubes, and more specifically relates to a cathode ray tube with an electron gun wherein an electron gun diameter is enlarged and productivity is high and high precision assembly is possible.
In cathode ray tubes, particularly a high brightness cathode ray tube such as a projection type cathode ray tube, a current of an electron beam projected to a phosphor screen is made larger and acceleration voltage to be applied to the final accelerating electron is made higher and also potential of a focus electrode is made higher, thereby an image of high brightness and high definition is formed on the phosphor screen.
In order to reduce aberration of an electron beam, it has been tried to increase a diameter of a final accelerating electrode as large as possible within a range limited by an inner diameter of a neck portion.
As an electron gun wherein an electron lens diameter is enlarged, for example, that having a structure disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,271,374 (corresponding to JP-B 58-31696) is used.
FIG. 23 is a side view with essential portions cutaway explaining an electron gun disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,271,374 as above described, and FIG. 24 is a side view with essential portions cutaway of the electron gun in FIG. 23 rotated by 90 degrees around the tube axis direction Z--Z.
In FIGS. 23 and 24, numeral 1 designates a first grid (control electrode), numeral 2 designates a second grid, numeral 3 designates a third grid, numeral 4 designates a fourth grid (small-diameter cylinder electrode), numeral 5 designates a fifth grid (large-diameter cylinder electrode), numeral 6 designates a beading glass, and numeral 7 designates a weld portion. Also numeral 11 designates an electrode support of the first grid 1, numeral 21 designates an electrode support of the second grid 2, numeral 31 designates an electrode support of the third grid 3, numeral 41 designates a support of the small-diameter cylinder electrode 4, numeral 51 designates a support of the large-diameter cylinder electrode 5, numeral 4a designates a large-diameter cylinder portion of the fourth grid 4, numeral 4b designates a small-diameter cylinder portion of the fourth grid 4, numeral 4b-1 designates a first split cylinder portion of the small-diameter cylinder portion 4b, numeral 4b-2 designates a second split cylinder portion of the small-diameter cylinder portion 4b, numeral 5a designates a large-diameter cylinder portion of the fifth grid 5, and numeral 5b designates a small-diameter cylinder portion of the fifth grid 5. In addition, although not shown, a cathode structure is housed within the fifth grid 1.
The electron gun of this type is provided with a main lens comprising the large-diameter cylinder electrode 5 composed of the large-diameter cylinder portion 5a and the small-diameter cylinder portion 5b, and the small-diameter cylinder electrode 4 composed of the large-diameter cylinder portion 4a and the small-diameter cylinder portion 4b. The large-diameter cylinder portion 4a of the small-diameter cylinder electrode 4 is inserted in the large-diameter cylinder electrode 5, and the electrode support 51 fixed on the outer surface of the small-diameter cylinder 5b of the large-diameter cylinder electrode 5 and the electrode support 41 fixed on the outer surface of the small-diameter cylinder electrode 4 are embedded in the molten beading glass 6 and fixed so that both electrodes are in desired spaced relationship. In addition, also the first, second and third grids 1, 2, 3 are fixed by embedding the electrode supports 11, 21, 31 of the grids 1, 2, 3 into the molten beading glass 6.
In the electron gun of this type since a diameter of the large-diameter cylinder portion 4a of the small-diameter cylinder electrode 4 is made larger than that of the small-diameter cylinder portion 5b of the large-diameter cylinder electrode 5, the effective lens diameter is increased and high resolution is obtained.
In the electron gun as described above, a diameter of the large-diameter cylinder portion 4a of the small-diameter cylinder electrode 4 is larger than that of the small-diameter cylinder portion 5b of the large-diameter cylinder electrode 5, and a distance between ends of a pair of electrode supports 41 fixed diametrically opposed on the outer surface of the small-diameter cylinder electrode 4 is larger than a diameter of the small-diameter cylinder portion 5b of the large-diameter cylinder electrode 5.
FIG. 25 is a sectional view taken on XXV--XXV of FIG. 23 explaining the mutual positional relationship of the large-diameter cylinder electrode 5 and the small-diameter cylinder electrode 4, and FIG. 26 is an explanation diagram of an assembling work of the large-diameter cylinder electrode 5 and the small-diameter cylinder electrode 4.
That is, since a distance between ends of the supports 41 of the small-diameter cylinder electrode 4 is larger than a diameter of the small-diameter cylinder portion 5b of the large-diameter cylinder electrode 5, in the assembly of the electron gun, electrodes other than the first split cylinder portion 4b-1 constituting the small-diameter cylinder electrode 4 are fixed by embedding the electrode supports 11, 21, 31, 41 and 51 fixed on individual electrodes into the beading glass 6 (refer to FIGS. 23 and 24), and then the first split cylinder portion 4b-1 of the small-diameter cylinder electrode 4 is inserted in the small-diameter cylinder portion 5b from the front side of the large-diameter cylinder electrode 5 and the end 7a of the first split cylinder portion 4b-1 is fixed by welding at a welding portion 7 to the end 7b of the second split cylinder portion 4b-2 fixed already to the beading glass 6.
Therefore in comparison with an electron gun of a type wherein all electrodes can be fixed at the same time, a problem exists in that positioning work and welding work are added to the work during electron gun assembly and the assembling work is complicated and maintaining of the positional precision between individual electrodes is difficult.
In order to solve the problem, a method may be thought that before fixing the electrode supports 41 to the small-diameter cylinder electrode 4, the small-diameter cylinder portion 4b of the small-diameter cylinder electrode 4 is passed through the small-diameter cylinder portion 5b of the large-diameter cylinder portion 5b of the large-diameter cylinder electrode 5 and then the supports 41 of the small-diameter cylinder electrode 4 are attached to the small-diameter cylinder portion 4b of the small-diameter cylinder electrode 4. In this method, however, a process of assembling the large-diameter cylinder electrode 5 and the small-diameter cylinder electrode 4 beforehand is separately required, and also there is difficulty in transporting the half-assembled electrode parts.
In the electron gun of this type wherein a diameter of the large-diameter cylinder portion 4a of the small-diameter cylinder electrode 4 is made larger than that of the small-diameter cylinder portion 5b of the large-diameter cylinder electrode 5, the effective lens diameter is large and as a result, a high resolution cathode ray tube can be obtained.
In the electron gun, however, in order to decrease the lens magnification, a length of the small-diameter cylinder electrode 4 serving as the fourth grid must be lengthened in the tube axis direction.
As explained in FIG. 26, a small-diameter cylinder electrode 4 in the prior art is manufactured in such a way that a first split cylinder portion 4b-1 and a second split cylinder portion 4b-2 are manufactured separately and these are made integral component by welding. In this constitution, precision of parts must be secured in part A being the large-diameter cylinder portion 4a of the first split cylinder portion 4b-1, part B being a part 4b-1 of the small-diameter cylinder portion 4b and part C being the second split cylinder portion 4b-2, i.e., the remaining part of the small-diameter cylinder portion 4b respectively. Therefore a problem exists in that manufacturing work of parts in high precision is required and work in high precision is required also during incorporating the electron gun.
In order to solve this problem, it has been tried to manufacture the whole small-diameter cylinder electrode as an integral part.
FIG. 27 is a side view partly in section showing another configuration example of a small-diameter cylinder electrode 4 wherein the large diameter cylinder portion 4a and the small-diameter cylinder portion 4b of the small-diameter cylinder electrode 4 are drawn integrally from an electrode material.
In this configuration, however, although the electron gun assembling work is improved, since the part B being the small-diameter cylinder portion 4b becomes long, it is difficult to secure the uniform precision along the length of the part B and a problem exists in that the part B is liable to be deformed during transportation.

Color cathode ray tube having a large-diameter lens


A voltage indicator using a serial or sequential comparison voltage measurement technique. Reference voltages generated by a voltage divider are applied to inputs of a multiplexer which is driven by a counter to select one reference voltage at a time in sequence to be presented via an output terminal to one input of a voltage comparator. An input signal to be measured is applied the other input of the comparator. When the input signal matches or exceeds the reference voltage at the output terminal of the multiplexer, the comparator switches, providing an enable signal to a one-of-N decoder. The one-of-N decoder is also driven by the counter, so that outputs of the decoder and corresponding inputs of the multiplexer are addressed simultaneously. The outputs of the one-of-N decoder are connected to LEDs which indicate the voltage level or magnitude. The voltage input signal may be applied via a conditioning amplifier that scales the input signal and an absolute value amplifier which provides an output in one polarity for comparison purposes. DC voltage polarity is detected and may be indicated by separate LEDs. Additionally, an AC/DC decode logic circuit may be provided to discern between AC and DC input voltages, and provide appropriate indication. While the preferred embodiment contemplates that both nominal AC and DC reference voltages may be provided by the same voltage divider, a gain control signal may be provided to change the gain of the absolute value amplifier by a ratio of .sqroot.2 so that the same reference values may be used for both AC and DC measurements.

This invention relates generally to voltage measuring and indicating devices, and in particular to a voltage indicator using serial comparison voltage measurement.
In the past it has been popular to employ a parallel string of comparators, each connected to a different reference voltage for comparison with an input voltage signal, for providing voltage measurements. The parallel comparator technique has been employed in analog-to-BCD converters, analog-to-Gray Scale converters, and analog bar graph voltage indicators.
Such a prior art parallel comparator circuit is shown in FIG. 1. A voltage input signal V.sub.IN is applied via an input terminal 10 simultaneously to the inverting (-) inputs of comparators 12-1, 12-2, 12-3, and 12-4. The non-inverting (+) inputs of comparators 12-1 through 12-4 are connected to reference voltages V.sub.1, V.sub.2, V.sub.3, and V.sub.4, respectively, which are provided in an increasingly positive direction in this example by a voltage divider string comprising resistors 14-1, 14-2, 14-3, 14-4, and 14-5 connected in series between a reference voltage supply V.sub.REF and ground. The outputs of comparators 12-1 through 12-4 are coupled in this example to the cathodes of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) 16-1 through 16-4, respectively, the anodes of which in turn are coupled to a voltage source V.sub.CC through respective load resistors 18-1 through 18-4.
When the voltage applied to the - input of any of the comparators 12-1 through 12-4 exceeds the reference voltage applied to the + input, the output of the comparator switches to a low state, turning on the LED in its output circuit. For example, suppose the voltage input signal V.sub.IN applied to the - input of comparator 12-1 exceeds the value of V.sub.1 applied to the + input thereof. The output of comparator 12-1 switches to a low state, turning on LED 16-1. Continuing with this example, suppose the voltage input signal V.sub.IN rises to a value between V.sub.3 and V.sub.4. Comparators 12-2 and 12-3 switch, turning on LEDs 16-2 and 16-3. So now LEDs 16-1, 16-2, and 16-3 are conducting and emitting light, providing an indication that the voltage input signal has a value greater than V.sub.3 but less than V.sub.4.
A major drawback to the parallel comparator technique is the large numbers of comparators that are required to produce the desired result. Associated with the large number comparators are offset and drift problems within the comparators themselves, and attendant power consumption.
It would be desirable to provide a comparison method having the same result as the parallel comparator technique, but without the attendant problems associated with large numbers of comparators which take up room, consume large amounts of power, and exhibit offset and drift that need to be corrected separately.
One way to reduce the number of comparators is to employ an absolute-value amplifier as input circuit, which would permit the use of a single-polarity voltage in determining the output magnitude. However, offset and drift problems associated with such absolute-value amplifiers creates an ambiguity in the level of the output magnitude.

Voltage indicator using serial comparison voltage measurement


The present invention is an electronic awareness system for evaluating, monitoring, and controlling, in real-time, an outside environment having entities and occurrences with characteristics. The electronic monitoring system includes input sensors for receiving real-time data produced by the entities, a computer workstation for storing the input data in a database, a computer program having a graphical user interface for interfacing a user with the workstation and the computer program. The graphical user interface comprises a map frame chart function, a worksheet function, a utility function, and a priority navigator function for monitoring and evaluating the input data graphically, tabularly, statistically, and comparatively with a predetermined relative priority scale, respectively, for producing output data. The electronic awareness system also includes output reactors for receiving the output data for controlling certain entities and occurrences of the outside environment.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to electronic monitoring and response systems, and in particular to an electronic awareness monitoring system that evaluates and monitors real-time data from a situation for direct response and control of the situation.
2. Related Art
A major problem facing operators of systems which display real-time data and control situations defining the real-time data is the real-time integration of the data from numerous sources. Since the real-time data represents the current known environment, it is continuously changing. Operators must quickly and correctly integrate information of various types from multiple sources and make correct recommendations or take correct actions based on the real-time data. In some cases, the total available reaction time may be measured in seconds.
Many attempts have been made to solve this problem. For instance, several monitors have been placed in close proximity to the operator so that the operator could observe several different sources and react accordingly. However, this setup is uncomfortable and distracts the operator because of the inherent narrow views of fragmented data which hinders proper reaction. Also, this requires the human operator to integrate the information mentally by looking at several consoles or talking to people with the data.
In order to perform correct evaluations and make correct decisions, operators must be able to maintain a wide focus of their total environment while maintaining a narrow focus on their specific area of responsibility. This is especially true where the data represents real-time tactical situations. Consequently, in tactical environments, the costs of indecision of incorrect decisions are generally high, both in terms of lives and materiel.
Therefore, what is needed is an integrated system that receives and processes real-time data to provide an operator with a visual integration of the data for evaluation and use. What is also needed is a system that allows an operator to evaluate and monitor real-time data for rapidly recognizing significant situations for facilitating rapid response and control of the situations with maximum accuracy.
Whatever the merits of the above mentioned systems and methods, they do not achieve the benefits of the present invention.

Tactical awareness monitoring and direct response system


The disclosure describes methods of synthesis of pyridazinone compounds as thyroid hormone analogs and their prodrugs. Preferred methods according to the disclosure allow for large-scale preparation of pyridazinone compounds having high purity. In some embodiments, preferred methods according to the disclosure also allow for the preparation of pyridazinone compounds in better yield than previously used methods for preparing such compounds. Also disclosed are morphic forms of a pyridazinone compound. Further disclosed is a method for treating resistance to thyroid hormone in a subject having at least one TRβ mutation.

Thyroid hormones are critical for normal growth and development and for maintaining metabolic homeostasis (Paul M. Yen, Physiological reviews, Vol. 81(3): pp. 1097-1126 (2001)). Circulating levels of thyroid hormones are tightly regulated by feedback mechanisms in the hypothalamus/pituitary/thyroid (HPT) axis. Thyroid dysfunction leading to hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism clearly demonstrates that thyroid hormones exert profound effects on cardiac function, body weight, metabolism, metabolic rate, body temperature, cholesterol, bone, muscle and behavior.
The biological activity of thyroid hormones is mediated by thyroid hormone receptors (TRs or THRs) (M. A. Lazar, Endocrine Reviews, Vol. 14: pp. 348-399 (1993)). TRs belong to the superfamily known as nuclear receptors. TRs form heterodimers with the retinoid receptor that act as ligand-inducible transcription factors. TRs have a ligand binding domain, a DNA binding domain, and an amino terminal domain, and regulate gene expression through interactions with DNA response elements and with various nuclear co-activators and co-repressors. The thyroid hormone receptors are derived from two separate genes, α and β. These distinct gene products produce multiple forms of their respective receptors through differential RNA processing. The major thyroid receptor isoforms are α1, α2, β1 and β2. Thyroid hormone receptors α1, β1 and β2 bind thyroid hormone. It has been shown that the thyroid hormone receptor subtypes can differ in their contribution to particular biological responses. Recent studies suggest that TRβ1 plays an important role in regulating TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone) and on regulating thyroid hormone actions in the liver. TRβ2 plays an important role in the regulation of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) (Abel et. al., J. Clin. Invest., Vol 104: pp. 291-300 (1999)). TRβ1 plays an important role in regulating heart rate (B. Gloss et. al. Endocrinology, Vol. 142: pp. 544-550 (2001); C. Johansson et. al., Am. J. Physiol., Vol. 275: pp. R640-R646 (1998)).
Efforts have been made to synthesize thyroid hormone analogs which exhibit increased thyroid hormone receptor beta selectivity and/or tissue selective action. Such thyroid hormone mimetics may yield desirable reductions in body weight, lipids, cholesterol, and lipoproteins, with reduced impact on cardiovascular function or normal function of the hypothalamus/pituitary/thyroid axis (see, e.g., Joharapurkar et al., J. Med. Chem., 2012, 55 (12), pp 5649-5675). The development of thyroid hormone analogs which avoid the undesirable effects of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism while maintaining the beneficial effects of thyroid hormones would open new avenues of treatment for patients with metabolic disease such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and other disorders and diseases such as liver steatosis and NASH, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, hypothyroidism, thyroid cancer, thyroid diseases, resistance to thyroid hormone and related disorders and diseases.
The present invention, in part, provides methods for synthesizing thyroid hormone analogs such as pyridazinone compounds and prodrugs thereof. An ideal method of synthesizing the thyroid hormone analogs and their prodrugs would, for example, provide product compounds in high purity and high yield. The present invention is directed at providing one or more of these desirable features.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Methods of synthesizing thyroid hormone analogs and polymorphs thereof


An invert cylinder mechanism for a glass container forming machine of the I.S. type, the invert cylinder mechanism having a piston that is moveable along a rectilinear path between inner and outer positions within an annular housing to cause a cylinder rod attached to the piston to extend from said annular housing and to then retract back into said annular housing. A shock absorber is positioned within a recess of the annular housing with its longitudinal central axis spaced from and extending parallel to the longitudinal central axis of the rod. The shock absorber is engaged by the piston as the piston reaches its outer position to absorb inertial loads as the piston decelerates to a stop at its outer position. The recess has an opening out of alignment with the longitudinal central axis of the installed shock absorber, and the shock absorber is removable through the opening along its longitudinal central axis after first pivoting the shock absorber with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the rod.

In modern glass container manufacturing practice, most containers are manufactured on an I.S. machine. An I.S. machine has a multiplicity of side-by-side container forming sections, typically six, eight, ten or even twelve sections, and containers are formed at each such section from gobs of molten glass in two steps. In the first step, a preform of each container, which is often referred to as a blank or a parison, is formed by blowing or pressing, in an inverted position, that is, with the open end of the preform below its closed end. The closure receiving portion of the container at its open end is molded by a neck mold assembly, which is often referred to as a neck ring assembly and is made up of a separable pair of neck ring elements, and the body portion of the preform is formed by a mold assembly, which is made up of a separable pair of mold elements that, when closed, collectively define an internal cavity with a shape corresponding to the desired shape of the preform.
After completion of the blank forming step, the blank and usually two, three or even four like blanks made simultaneously at each machine section, is transferred by a 180.degree. inverting operation to a second position where each preform is blown into the desired final shape of a container within the cavity defined by the separable pair of mold elements.
The transfer of the preform from the blank molding station to the blow molding station is by way of an invert arm assembly. The invert arm assembly is made up of a side-by-side pair of invert arm sections that oscillate in unison to transfer the neck ring assemblies between the blank mold station and the blow mold station, the transfer from the blank mold station to the blow mold station being effective to transfer the blanks carried by the neck ring assemblies from the blank mold station to the blow mold station. The invert arm sections are capable of separating from one another at the blow mold station to permit the neck ring elements in the neck ring assemblies carried thereby to separate from one another, to thereby permit the blanks to be removed from the neck ring assemblies at the start of the blow molding step. The invert arm assembly sections are then brought back together as the invert arm assembly is returned to the blank molding station to begin a repeat of the cycle.
The oscillating motion of each invert arm assembly is usually actuated by a pneumatic cylinder that drives a rack in a rectilinear pattern, and a gear carried by a shaft to which the invert arm assembly sections are secured engages the rack, which leads to arcuate motion of the shaft as a result of rectilinear motion of the rack. The drive for an invert arm assembly in an I.S. glass container forming machine as thus far described is generally described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,617,233 (Mumford), the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein. Other U.S. Patents describing invert arm mechanisms include U.S. Pat. No. 3,445,218 (Trudeau), U.S. Pat. No. 3,573,027 (Nuzum, Sr.) and U.S. Pat. No. 3,233,999 (Mumford), the disclosure of each of which is also incorporated by reference herein.
The reversing motions of the invert arm assembly actuation cylinder and rack involve inertial loads of considerable magnitude at each end of the cycle of motion due to the considerable mass that must be rapidly decelerated at the conclusion of each motion, and these loads are especially high as the invert arm is moving from the blank molds to the blow molds because it is carrying glass container parisons during this motion. Because of this, it has been known to connect each cylinder, in parallel, to an elongate shock absorber so that the cessation of each motion will be precise and non-jarring. This is especially important in the case of a shock absorber that is used to cushion the deceleration of the invert arm assembly at the blow mold station, because glass container parisons are being carried by the invert arm assembly at this time and are subject to distortion under unduly high inertial loads. In any case, the useful life of each such shock absorber is somewhat limited, due to the breakage and/or wear it experiences as a result of the magnitude and frequency of the shock loads to which it is exposed during the normal operation of an I.S. machine, thus requiring frequent removal of such shock absorbers for repair or replacement. Heretofore, the removal and reassembly of an I.S. machine invert arm assembly invert motion shock absorber was a time-consuming procedure because it required the removal of the entire invert arm mechanism including the disconnecting and later reconnecting of the hydraulic lines leading thereto, and because of the limited working space available to maintenance personnel involved in such procedure. A time period of the order of 4-6 hours was typically required for such procedure and, of course, no glass containers could be produced at a machine section during this time. The procedure was also somewhat unpleasant to perform because of the elevated temperatures and the noise inherently present in the environment of an operating I.S. machine.

Invert cylinder mechanism for glass forming machine with removable shock absorber and method of removing the shock absorber


An accounting system has a data file and a bank deposit generator. The data file contains a plurality of financial transactions. Each financial transaction includes associated information. The bank deposit generator is adapted to identify one or more cash-in transactions of the plurality of transactions according to selectable criteria and to associate the one or more cash-in transactions to a bank deposit transaction based on a correlation between the associated information and the selectable criteria.

This disclosure relates to computer-based accounting systems, and more particularly, to systems and methods for automated generation of bank deposits in conjunction with cash-in transaction information.
Traditionally, deposits of cash-in transactions in a bank begin with a receipt of monies (e.g., cash, check, and the like). The monies are then tallied and taken, for example, to a bank for deposit. A deposit ticket for depositing the received monies in the bank is prepared, and the monies are deposited in the bank with the deposit ticket.
Often, checkout registers at stores, for example, are linked electronically to a computerized accounting system. Each sale can be posted to the accounts receivable sub-ledger of the accounting system, automatically.
Ultimately, to balance the accounting books, the deposit tickets have to be matched with monies received, which means that each deposit ticket should be associated with transaction lines within the accounts receivable sub-ledger. However, a single bank deposit often reflects monies received from a plurality of cash-in transactions (a plurality of transaction lines), making it difficult to readily identify specific cash-in transactions that are part of any given deposit. As used herein, the term "cash-in transaction" refers to any transaction through which payment is received, including, for example, cash, check, money order, wire transaction, prepaid cards, and the like.
In some existing enterprise accounting systems, a user can create a bank deposit and pick which cash-in transactions belong to the created bank deposit. In other systems, the user can assign individual cash-in transactions to an existing bank deposit. Generally, existing enterprise accounting systems provide the ability to total the bank deposit and to print it, which is a vast improvement over manually listing each cash and check amount. Nevertheless, the process of assigning cash-in transactions to bank deposits is time-consuming and can be difficult, depending on the number of cash-in transactions and deposits.
There is an ongoing need for accounting systems that simplify the process of assigning cash-in transactions to bank deposits within the enterprise system.


An elevator system (FIG. 1) employing a microprocessor-based group controller (FIG. 2) communicating with elevator cars (3, 4, . . . ) to affect the assignment of cars to hall calls at a plurality of floors in the building, using different, speedier car motion profiles and system motion parameters when the presence of a passenger crowd is predicted (FIGS. 3-5). When a large passenger crowd presence is predicted, each of the assigned car(s) going to the relevant floor(s) is given a higher jerk and acceleration and deceleration rates for improved service time and decreased waiting time. (See FIG. 5.) When such a passenger crowd presence is no longer predicted (crowd signal reset), the car reverts back to a profile with a lower jerk and acceleration and deceleration rates for enhanced passenger comfort. The prediction methodology used for the predicted presence of a crowd utilizes "artificial intelligence" logic.

Motion Profile and System Motion Parameters
In general, the need to control the velocity of an elevator is well known. Reference is had, for example, to assignee's U.S. Pat. No. 4,751,984 of Walter L. Williams, Donald G. McPherson and Arnold Mendelsohn entitled "Dynamically Generated Adaptive Elevator Velocity Profile" issued Jun. 21, 1988, as well as to the art cited therein, the disclosure of which are incorporated herein by reference.
As noted in the Williams et al patent, automatic elevator operation involves the control of elevator velocity with respect to zero or stop, at the beginning and the end of a trip, to speeds therebetween, which minimize trip time while maintaining comfort levels and other constraints. The time change in velocity for a complete trip is termed the car's "velocity" or "motion profile." Automatic elevator control further requires control of the distance travelled during a trip in order to accomplish a precision stop at the destination floor. See also the said '401 patent.
Thus, in an elevator system a car is typically moved from one location to another with an acceptable motion profile and system motion parameters which involve acceptable car "jerk" and acceleration. The particular motion profile and motion parameters selected represent a compromise between the desire for "maximum" speed and, inter alia, the need to maintain acceptable levels of comfort for the passengers.
Maximum speed, of course, allows the car to get from floor location to floor location in as short a time as possible, so as to minimize the service time and the waiting time of passengers and improve handling capacity. Maximum speed thus achieves the best service possible, but then this must be tempered with the need for acceptable limits of passenger comfort. Thus, for example, with respect to the latter constraint, too great a rate of acceleration or deceleration produce unacceptable passenger discomfort.
In view of the necessity of this compromise between minimizing service time and the need for passenger comfort, an acceptable motion profile governing the movement of each elevator car as it moved from one location to another was included in the design of an elevator system and remained fixed during the operation of the system. Such acceptable profile varies from marketing territory to marketing territory (e.g. the North American market generally places greater emphasis on speed, while the Pacific market places greater emphasis on comfort) or indeed from customer to customer, but once set in the system the profile remains fixed during the normal operation of the system.
Thus, regardless of which motion profile was ultimately decided upon, it was typically pre-selected and fixed prior to starting the operation of the system. These fixed motion profile parameters provided a certain level of performance and ride quality that would stay the same for the rest of the elevator life, unless changed by a mechanic or an adjuster at the job site. If the pre-set parameters favored ride quality, then the relatively low acceleration, jerk and deceleration rates of the profile diminished performance, and vice-versa. The system therefore suffered in one way or another from this compromise on a relatively fixed or "permanent" basis.

Elevator system with varying motion profiles and parameters based on crowd related predictions


An intelligent vehicle identification system that uses inductive loop technology to profile and classify a vehicle. In a tolling industry application, classification of the vehicle is made prior to the vehicle arriving at a payment point in a toll lane in which the vehicle travels. A predetermined fare associated with the classification is then solicited from an operator of the vehicle without efforts from a toll attendant. In a preferred embodiment, the system also includes an intelligent queue loop that verifies the vehicle at the payment point to prevent misclassification due to a second vehicle, e.g., a motorcycle, that changes from a different lane to the toll lane in question.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to identification of vehicles, and more particularly, to a system and method for classifying vehicles using inductive loops.
2. Background of the Invention
A standard automatic toll collection system for a highway involves the use of a toll collection station or toll booth positioned between each lane of traffic. Vehicles driving on the highway must pass through a toll lane alongside the toll collection station.
The passage of vehicles by the toll collection stations is monitored with a combination of loop detectors, treadles, or other such devices capable of detecting passing vehicles. These devices provide vehicle classification information after the vehicle has passed a payment point. Although these devices can be used for audit purposes, they do not address the potential for error when an attendant makes a mistake, nor do they address the ability to properly classify all transactions.
In early toll collection systems, attendants were employed to manually collect fares from the operators of vehicles and to regulate the amount of tolls. Utilizing attendants to collect fares involves numerous problems including, but not limited to, the elements of human error, inefficiencies, traffic delays resulting from manually collected tolls, employment costs of toll attendants, and embezzlement or theft of collected toll revenues. As a result, devices have been developed to automatically operate toll collection systems without the need for toll attendants. In these systems, the toll fees paid are a fixed price and are not based upon the number of axles or vehicle type. Accordingly, there is a need for a system and method that can allow collection of different toll rates from different classes or categories of vehicles without user intervention. In other words, there is a need for a toll collection system in which a toll booth attendant need not be present to classify vehicles to apply different amounts of toll charges.

Intelligent vehicle identification system


A composition of matter for use in encapsulating a drug is expressed by formula (1) or formula (2):

The application of siRNA to medical treatments is increasingly expected because siRNA can knock down target mRNA specifically and effectively. However, the development of an effective delivery system is indispensable to applying siRNA to medical treatments. In recent years, it has been clarified in clinical trials that the therapeutic effect on age-related macular degeneration (CNV) by intraocular administration of naked siRNA does not result from a sequence-specific gene knockdown effect mediated by siRNA, but rather results from a non-sequence-specific effect via recognition by the cell surface Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR-3); thus, the development of a carrier, which is stable outside of cells and is capable of accurately delivering siRNA into the cells in any in vivo application of siRNA, is considered to be important.
Thus far, a variety of cationic polymers have been provided as carriers for forming a polyion complex (PIC) with DNA and for introducing and expressing the nucleic acid into eukaryotic cells. For example, it is known that a poly(L-lysine) derivative in which a hydrophilic group (e.g., polyethylene glycol) and a hydrophobic group (e.g., a palmitoyl group) have been introduced via an ε-amino group of poly (L-lysine) forms a vesicle in the presence of cholesterol in an aqueous medium, and the vesicle aggregates gene-containing plasmid DNA to form a stable complex (Patent Literature 1). Further, a PIC formed of plasmid DNA with a copolymer derivative whose cation charge and disulfide cross-link density have been adjusted by the thiolation of an ε-amino group of poly (L-lysine) in a poly (L-lysine)-poly (ethylene glycol) copolymer is known to show high stability in an extracellular medium and to effectively release the DNA in an intracellular compartment (Non Patent Literature 1). Further, it has been confirmed that, when poly(N—[N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl]aspartamide (pAsp (DET))) having an ethylenediamine structure in a side chain and a block copolymer including the pAsp (DET) as one block component of the block copolymer are produced, such polymers exhibit low cytotoxicity and introduce plasmid DNA into cells with high efficiency to efficiently express a gene incorporated into the DNA (see Non Patent Literature 2, Patent Literature 2, and Patent Literature 3).
As described above, although a carrier effective for a high molecular weight nucleic acid such as DNA has been developed, a carrier capable of also forming a stable complex such as a PIC with a low molecular weight nucleic acid such as siRNA under physiological conditions and capable of suitably releasing the low molecular weight nucleic acid in cells has not been provided yet.

Particle composition and pharmaceutical composition using particle composition

Abstract: wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; A is a hydrophilic polymer chain; L1 and L3 are each a linking group; B is a cation-containing group; R3 is a side chain of an amino acid; z is an integer of 5 to 500; x is an integer of 40% or more of z; y is 0 or a positive integer; z-x-y is 0 or a positive integer; p is an integer of 1 to 10; and q is an integer of 1 to 10.


The present disclosure provides a liquid crystal lens including a liquid crystal cell including a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer arranged between the first and second substrate. The first substrate includes a first base plate, a plurality of transistors arranged on the first base plate, a first electrode electrically connected to one electrode of each of the transistors, and a first polarizer arranged at a side of the first base plate away from the liquid crystal layer. The second substrate includes a second base plate, and a second polarizer arranged at a side of the second base plate away from the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal lens further includes a second electrode arranged on the first or second base plate. The first and second base plates are opaque, and each includes a plurality of small apertures which are provided in a one-to-one correspondence manner.

Small-aperture glasses are manufactured on the basis of a pinhole imaging principle, and may improve eyesight and have effects of relieving eye overstrain and effectively preventing an increase in the degree of pseudomyopia. Especially for young students who are at a stage where the degree of myopia is increased dramatically due to the overuse of eyes, the small-aperture glasses may effectively improve the situation.
For the existing small-aperture glasses, small apertures are provided at fixed positions on lenses, and if a user wears the glasses for a long period of time, visual fatigue will occur.

Liquid crystal lens and liquid crystal small-aperture glasses

BEIJING BOE OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.


An apparatus to measure optical characteristics of an optical medium may include an optical source to generate an optical square wave for transmission into the optical medium and an optical receiver to receive a reflected optical waveform from the optical medium caused by a portion of the optical square wave being reflected by any anomaly in the optical medium. The optical receiver may convert the reflected optical waveform to a reflected electrical waveform. The apparatus may also include a module to combine the reflected electrical waveform with a reference waveform to form a resulting waveform. The reference waveform may correspond substantially to the optical square wave and may be delayed a predetermined time duration. A controller may be included to process the resulting waveform to detect any anomaly and a location of the anomaly in the optical medium based on an amplitude of the resulting waveform at a sample delay position in the resulting waveform.

The present invention relates to optical signal transmission systems or the like and more particularly to an optical phase domain reflectometer and method for detecting any reflections, anomalies or defects in a fiber optic transmission line or other optical medium.
Transmission lines are commonly employed to communicate signals between various portions of an electronic system. For example, coaxial transmission lines, waveguides, and even parallel arrangements of metallic conductors are typically employed as transmission lines in such systems. Increasingly, fiber-optic transmission lines or other optical media are being used instead of conventional metallic transmission lines to communicate signals in electronic systems due to the generally higher noise immunity and lower signal attenuation properties obtainable in such lines. Additionally, fiber-optic transmission lines are generally thinner and lighter than metallic conductors of comparable capacity.
In systems employing fiber optic transmission lines or the like, difficulties may arise due to degradation of the line resulting from physical damage, aging, poorly matched and/or damaged connectors, or for other reasons. In practice, difficulties with transmission lines are frequently difficult to detect and diagnose, particularly in electronic systems where only a single terminal end of the transmission line may be accessible. Although a number of different methods are available to detect and diagnose transmission line difficulties, one useful and commonly employed method is time domain reflectometry. In time domain reflectometry, an optical pulse or pulses may be transmitted into a fiber optic transmission line or medium. Any anomalies or defects may result in a reflected signal which may be detected by a time domain reflectometer. Such reflectometers are usually formed from standard components as opposed to custom parts to keep costs reasonable. These standard components, such as mixers or the like, may require appropriate input or drive signals and modulation signals for optimum operation and ability to effectively measure and analyze input pulses and reflected waveforms and mixed or modulated waveforms to detect any reflections at selected segments along a fiber optic transmission line or other optical medium.


Modular mold equipment for producing concrete culverts with tight tolerances. Modular mold equipment having a coupling plate is used to align and interconnect components of the mold. The components being aligned may have recesses for receiving the coupling plate. Modular mold equipment system with an extended size range to cover all standard concreted duct product sizes. Modular mold equipment having a pallet guide adjustment mechanism adapted for setting the pallet at a desired location in relation to a form. The desired location is based on a wall thickness of a concrete culvert to be produced. Modular mold equipment having a core that includes a core corner and another core component adapted to be coupled to the core corner, and locking apparatus adapted to lock the core corner to the other core component via a mechanism that extends outside the core.

It is common to construct concrete duct structures that are designed to contain materials as they move from one location to another. The moving material is typically water. The ducts can be found in any environment, but usually they are placed underground to contain water movement.
Concrete ducts are put together in sections, with each section having a top, bottom and sides. Each section also has a male end (tongue or spigot) and a header female end (groove or socket) which then allows sections to be put together to create an extended duct. In order to properly contain fluids from escaping out of the duct and from preventing fluids and debris from entering the duct, a gasket is fitted to the male end to serve as a seal between the male and female ends upon mating of the sections.
It is imperative that the gasket be compressed a certain amount, typically defined by a percent of gasket compression. If the gasket is not compressed enough the duct connection could leak and if the gasket is compressed too much duct cracking could occur.
Theoretically, concrete ducts, which are measured by their inside dimension, can be any size. However, in actual practice there are certain standard interior sizes. The outer size, which is determined by the thickness of the respective walls, depends upon many factors, such as, depth underground, intended use, etc. Thus, it is necessary to be able to construct concrete ducts having varying dimensions and wall thicknesses.
Concrete ducts are formed by pouring (or shaking) concrete into a mold and then removing the mold when the concrete is dry (or compressed as in the case of near zero slump cast concrete). These molds must be constructed for each duct size and can be constructed on or near the point of installation. One major problem with current construction is manufacturing tolerances, which among other things, results in the gasket not being properly compressed.
Some prior art modular systems are large systems having a right and a left corner configuration. The primary reason for the different corner configurations is because the typical smallest size duct (interior) is 3 ft. by 2 ft. Thus, one corner has a leg of 3 ft. while the other corner has a leg of 2 ft. It is difficult to hold tight tolerance in larger structures, such as this for several reasons.
Some prior art modular systems with universal configuration for pallets and headers require two very different sets of mold equipment. For example, one set may cover a 4 ft.×2 ft. through 8 ft.×8 ft. product size with an 8 in. haunch size. The other set may cover a 6 ft.×3 ft. through 12 ft.×12 ft. product size with a 12 in. haunch size. There is an overlap in product size for the 6 ft., 7 ft. and 8 ft. span products when using the two different sets of equipment. When using the standard configuration set the 3 ft. span products were not addressed.
Because tolerances are hard to maintain, the industry has shied away from using rubber gasketed joints. Instead, they've used what's called a mastic joint which is a form of mortar joint. Workers would plaster mortar into the female end and then mate the male end of the next section. This mortar joint has been changed to a petroleum mastic product, but it remains difficult to obtain a water tight seal.

System and method for constructing modular concrete ducts


A blowing tool for a blow molding machine for producing hollow members with an angled neck includes a handling device for the blowing mandrels which enables a biaxial movement of the blowing mandrels within a plane. The blowing tool has a blowing mandrel retention member, wherein at least one blowing mandrel is arranged on the blowing mandrel retention member and each blowing mandrel is arranged in an inclined manner with respect to horizontal at a corresponding angle of inclination. The handling device includes a biaxial system configured to move each blowing mandrel retention member in a first, preferably vertical direction and a second, preferably horizontal direction within a plane.

The invention relates to a blowing tool for a blow molding machine for producing hollow members with an angled neck. The blowing tool includes a handling device for temporarily introducing at least one blowing mandrel into a blow mold and for calibrating the angled neck.
Hollow members having an angled neck are, for example, angle-necked bottles for receiving liquid filling material. An opening of the hollow member and, where applicable, a closure are arranged in the region of the angled neck.
In blow molding technology, the term "calibrated opening" refers to an opening which during the shaping is produced by cooperation of components of the blowing tool, such as, for example, a neck insert or portions of the blow mold and the blowing mandrel.
From the prior art, calibration by a tool closure movement and calibration by a blowing mandrel movement are known. Furthermore, a calibration in accordance with the trailing mandrel method is known in which the blowing mandrel already protrudes into the preform when the tool closes.
A known blowing tool for a blow mold machine for producing hollow members with an angled neck comprises a handling device which moves the blowing mandrel back and forth in a uniaxial manner for temporary introduction into the blow mold in the direction of the longitudinal axis thereof.
After the introduction of the blowing mandrel into the cavity of the blow mold, the preforms are separated with an angled cut using a rotatable blade. Subsequently, the blowing mandrels which are inclined relative to horizontal are introduced into the blow mold by the uniaxial movement.
The known blowing tool for producing hollow members with an angled neck has the disadvantage that, in the event of a change of article, an adaptation of the angle of inclination of the blowing mandrels to differently inclined portions of blow molds in order to form the angled neck is complex. Another decisive disadvantage of the uniaxial movement of the blowing mandrels in the direction of the longitudinal axis thereof is the resultant large structural space of the blowing tool of the blow molding machine.


Embodiments use successive refinement to allow a user to systematically explore the result set of an arbitrary query over RDF, such as a SPARQL query. A user inputs an arbitrary base query and modifies this query by replacing selected variables with values to which each selected variable is bound within the result set of the base query. Embodiments present, via a GUI, variable facets that may be substituted for query variables. Embodiments also present, through a GUI, a query history graph that represents query versions that a user has created. A user may navigate this query history graph to return to previously-created query versions. The GUI also provides information about the facets, including a number of results that would be included in the result set of the query version resulting from substitution of the facet for the associated variable.

In an RDF data model, the data is modeled as labeled and directed graphs, represented as a set of triples. The nodes in the graph are used to represent two parts of a given triple, and the third part is represented by a directed link (or edge) that describes the relationship between the nodes. In the context of an RDF expression, the two nodes are referred to as "subject" and "object" and the link describing the relationship is referred to as "predicate".
The subject and object of a particular RDF expression may be resources that are identified by Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). A predicate is also represented by a URI. Furthermore, instead of a resource referenced by URI, the object of a particular RDF expression may be a literal of some data type, e.g., "xsd:string", "xsd:integer", "xsd:float", "xsd:double", "xsd:boolean", "xsd:dateTime", "xsd:decimal", etc.
SPARQL, which stands for SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language, is an example of an RDF query language. SPARQL is based on triple graph pattern matching and was standardized by the W3C in January 2008 and updated in March 2013. In a SPARQL triple graph pattern, any or all of the subject, object, and predicate may be a variable. (See "SPARQL Query Language for RDF," W3C Recommendation 15 Jan. 2008, found at the time of writing this specification in the folder TR/rdf-sparql-query/ at the domain www.w3.org, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein. See also "SPARQL 1.1 Overview," W3C Recommendation 21 Mar. 2013, found at the time of writing this specification in the folder TR/sparql11-overview/ at the domain www.w3.org, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein.)
The W3C recommendation for SPARQL indicates that "[a] basic graph pattern matches a subgraph of the RDF data when RDF terms from that subgraph may be substituted for the variables and the result is RDF graph equivalent to the subgraph." (See "SPARQL Query Language for RDF," W3C Recommendation 15 Jan. 2008.) The W3C recommendation further states "Graph pattern matching produces a solution sequence, where each solution has a set of bindings of variables to RDF terms. SPARQL filters restrict solutions to those for which the filter expression evaluates to TRUE." (See "SPARQL 1.1 Overview," W3C Recommendation 21 Mar. 2013.)
It can be difficult to predict the amount of data that will be included in the result of a given query, let alone the actual content of the result set. For example, when joins are performed over the data of any kind of data set, including RDF data sets, the results can be arbitrarily large. In fact, the result set of a query that performs joins can be larger than the data set over which the query is run. To illustrate, for the most common conjunctive triple pattern SPARQL query, the result set could be potentially larger than the original RDF dataset because computation of the result set would require self-joins on the original RDF dataset. The ability of a user to parse through the result set of a query, especially when the result set is large, can be limited because of the overwhelming amount of data.
Also, computation time required to process such large result sets can present problems for service providers and users. Many times, the time it takes to calculate responses to requests for data from very large data sets is hard to estimate and users become frustrated waiting for responses. One way that service providers limit response time from the user's point of view is by pre-computing result sets for particular queries over a large data set and then providing users with options to view the pre-computed results. While this allows service providers to display results to users very quickly, the users are limited to viewing result sets of the pre-computed queries.
Providing users with the ability to explore arbitrary results from large RDF datasets is a growing requirement. Furthermore, visualization of RDF result sets is a key method of result delivery for RDF data. However, visualization of very large result sets, e.g., that include on the order of a million triples or more, in the approximately one million pixels available in a typical monitor can be overwhelming for a user. Generally, a visualized graph of an RDF result data set is limited to 10,000 displayed units or less (where a displayed unit is generally a visualization of an edge or a visualization of a node of the visualized graph) in order to allow the user to be able to distinguish the individual displayed units in the graph. At times, even 10,000 displayed units is too much for a user to fully grasp or utilize.
Because of the advisability of keeping the size of a visualized graph relatively small, it would be beneficial to provide a systematic, faceted approach to explore data identified by an arbitrary RDF query to provide information about what will be included in a graph of the result set. The ability to systematically explore an RDF query in the context of information from the result set that the query produces would allow a user to intelligently select what subset, of the result set for a given RDF query, is displayed in the visualized result graph.
The approaches described in this section are approaches that could be pursued, but not necessarily approaches that have been previously conceived or pursued. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated, it should not be assumed that any of the approaches described in this section qualify as prior art merely by virtue of their inclusion in this section.

Method for faceted visualization of a SPARQL query result set


A method for operating a parallel hybrid powertrain (1) of a motor vehicle with multiple drive units (2, 3) and with a single output side (5) is described. At least one internal combustion engine (2) and one electric motor (3) are provided and the at least one electric motor (3) is arranged in the powertrain between the output (5) and the at least one internal combustion engine (2). A first friction-locking shifting element (7) is provided between the internal combustion engine (2) and the electric motor (3), while a coupling element (8A) with rotational speed dependent recognition and at least one second friction-locking shifting element (30) are arranged between the electric motor (3) and the output side (5). A target output torque to be applied at the output (5) is a function of the power transmission capacity of the second shifting element (30). The power transmission capacity of the second shifting element (30) is controlled as a function of the required target output torque (m_fahr_soll) so that the second shifting element (30) has the power transmission capacity required for achieving the target output torque (m_fahr_soll) at the output (5). A target slip specification (s_30_soll) of the second shifting element (30) is controlled at least as a function of the target-drive torque by means of the target drive torque (m_2_soll, m_3_soll) to be produced and are converted with a closed loop control as a function of a further operating state parameter of the parallel hybrid powertrain by the drive units (2, 3).

Hybrid vehicles with parallel hybrid powertrains of the state of the art usually feature, arranged between an internal combustion engine and the output drive of the vehicle, a starting element in the form of a friction clutch in order to start the vehicles with the internal combustion engine in a commonly known manner, wherein the starting element is first operated in a slip mode during the starting procedure. With the hybrid vehicle featuring only a starting procedure using the onboard electric motor, the open loop and closed loop controlled slip mode operation of the starting element is not necessary, because, in contrast to conventional internal combustion engines, the electric motor does not have a minimum rotational speed.
A method is described in DE 10 2004 02 061 for controlling an open loop and closed loop of a powertrain of a hybrid vehicle and a powertrain of a hybrid vehicle equipped with a friction-locking starting element. With this inventive method for open loop and closed loop control of a powertrain of a hybrid vehicle with a internal combustion engine, an electric motor, a shifting element, arranged between the electric motor and an output within a power flow of the powertrain and designed with continuously variable transmission capacity, and a clutch arrangement arranged between the electric motor and the internal combustion engine, via which the electric motor and the internal combustion engine can be functionally connected, a powertrain of a hybrid vehicle can be operated in such a way that switching over from driving the hybrid vehicle by means of the electric motor to a parallel drive mode of the hybrid vehicle facilitated by the electric motor and the internal combustion engine or to driving the hybrid vehicle solely by means of the internal combustion engine as well as starting the internal combustion engine through the electric motor can be performed without any noticeable powertrain reaction torque detectable to the hybrid vehicle driver.
When this powertrain operates, the power transmission capacity of the shifting element is adjusted during a startup procedure in such a manner that a torque is present, which is independent of the startup procedure of the internal combustion engine at the output of the powertrain, where changes in torque at the output appearing as a result of the starting internal combustion engine are prevented preferably through a slip mode operation of the shifting element.
In this method, the rotational speed of the electric motor during the start of the internal combustion engine is increased to a rotational speed value, wherein it is ensured that the shifting element between the electric motor and the output of the powertrain is held in a slip mode operation during the entire internal combustion engine startup procedure. The rotational speed value is calculated via an algorithm implemented in the engine control, the transmission control and/or a subordinate memory manager.
The prior art also includes vehicles with internal combustion engines featuring their own minimum rotational speed, where the engines are provided with a starting element in the form of a hydrodynamic torque converter to allow the vehicle to be started by the internal combustion engine.
It is the object of invention to present a method for operating a parallel hybrid powertrain of a vehicle that is executed in the area between the electric motor and the output with a hydrodynamic torque converter and at least one additional friction-locking shifting element, the application of which allows a parallel hybrid powertrain to be operated over its entire operating range in a scope that ensures a high degree of driving comfort.

Method for operating a parallel hybrid powertrain


The present disclosure provides an array substrate and a manufacturing method of the array substrate, and a display panel. The array substrate includes a flexible substrate; an active layer disposed on the flexible substrate; a first gate insulating layer disposed on the active layer; a first gate layer disposed on the first gate insulating layer; a second gate insulating layer disposed on the first gate insulating layer and the first gate layer; and a second gate layer disposed on the second gate insulating layer. The array substrate of the present disclosure replaces molybdenum wires of a gate layer and a second gate layer with a multi-layered composite metal layer. The bending tolerance of gate wires in the display panel is enhanced and increase of impedance of the first gate layer is prevented.

The present disclosure relates to a field of flexible display device technology, particular to a field of an array substrate, a manufacturing method of the array substrate, and a display panel.
Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays become a key technology in development of the display field due to their advantages, such as self-illuminating, wide color gamut, low driving voltage, high illuminating efficiency, low power consumption, and fast response times. Especially, OLED displays become a key technology in development of the display field because they are flexible and portable. As a result, flexible array substrates for driving OLED displays become a key developing technology.
The main research aspects are enhancing bending tolerance and achieving high resolution and high yield of flexible array substrates.
Existing flexible array substrates generally include a flexible substrate, a block layer, an active layer, a first gate insulating layer, a first gate layer, a second gate insulating layer, a second gate layer, an interlayer insulating layer, and a source-drain electrode disposed from bottom to top in sequence. The specific manufacturing process is as follows: forming the flexible substrate, depositing the block layer on the flexible substrate, depositing the active layer on the block layer and crystallizing the active layer, then depositing the first gate insulating layer and sputtering deposition the first gate layer on the first gate insulating layer, lithography etching and patterning the first gate layer; p-type heavy doping the active layer by self-alignment process, depositing the second gate insulating layer and sputtering depositing the second gate layer on the second gate insulating layer, lithography etching and patterning the second gate layer, depositing the interlayer insulating layer and then hydrogenated activating the active layer, lithography etching to form a via hole, and depositing a source electrode and a drain electrode.
In the present technology, material composing the first gate layer and the second gate layer is usually molybdenum which has a thickness about 250 nm. The first gate layer and the second gate layer are thicker thus their bending tolerances are lower. Because the first gate layer and the second gate layer are thick, the hydrogenated activating process is usually continuously operated. Higher activation temperatures or higher hydrogenation temperatures make the hydrogenated activating process becomes more difficult.

Array substrate, manufacturing method thereof, and display panel

Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co., Ltd.


A method is disclosed for receiving at a network gateway a message generated in response to a content request, wherein the content request was generated by a client device in response to invocation of an invalid bookmarked link on a browser. The gateway may then modify the message by inserting bookmark-update data that instructs the client device to update the bookmarked link. Finally, the gateway may send the modified message to the client device, whereby the client device may update the bookmarked link.

The widespread availability of the Internet and mobile communications has ushered in an era of convenience and productivity never before seen. At the same time, however, the widespread use of data communications has strained both the capacity of communications channels used for data communications and the telecommunications equipment, such as network servers and gateways, that service those channels. As users of phones, computers, and other client devices continue to download more content (such as data, web site content, email, etc.), service and content providers demand greater efficiency within their data communications so that they do not exceed channel capacity and equipment limitations.
One source of inefficient data communications stems from user bookmarks related to web (internet) browsing. Typically, internet bookmarks are stored Web page locations (URLs) that can be easily retrieved by a user. As a feature of all modern Internet web browsers, the bookmark's primary purpose is to catalog and access web pages that a user has visited and chosen to save. Bookmarks are normally visible in a browser menu and stored on the user's computer or other browsing device. Every major browser has a built-in tool for managing the list of bookmarks. The list storage method varies depending on the browser. When a user invokes a bookmark, the browser is normally directed to the link address stored by the bookmark.
A particular problem arises when the user has bookmarked an address that is no longer valid, either because the address no longer functions or exists or because the service or content provider desires that the user be directed to an alternative address. When the browser attempts to contact the invalid bookmarked address, it will receive a response other than the desired content response. For example, the browser may receive a redirect message, which normally results in the browser sending a new request to the redirect address contained within the redirect message. This signaling pattern results in extraneous messaging and results in inefficient data communications. This problem is particularly significant because when the user has bookmarked an invalid link, the user will presumably continue to invoke it.

Method for bookmark detection and correction for a client device


A single-use, self-heating or self-cooling container, particularly for beverages, producible in a plurality of sizes, comprises a first receptacle (2) containing a beverage and inserted into a second receptacle (3), a first compartment (11) formed between the first and the second receptacle and a second compartment (12) formed on the base of the second receptacle and separated from the first compartment by a breakable diaphragm (13). In these compartments (11, 12) are separately and respectively arranged at least a first and a second component of an exothermic or endothermic reaction, and the first component is arranged in the first compartment (11) annularly around the first receptacle (2), while the diaphragm (13) extends as a separation of these compartments substantially against the base (4) of the first receptacle.

The invention is situated in the field of containers in which means are provided to obtain heating or cooling of the beverage as a result of an exothermic or endothermic chemical reaction.
In this technical field, containers for beverages are known in which the components of this chemical reaction are arranged separately in respective compartments of a chamber formed between a first receptacle, containing the beverage, and a second outer receptacle into which the first receptacle is inserted. The components mentioned above generally consist of a liquid and a salt, present in granular form, and the reaction between them is initiated by tearing a diaphragm separating the two compartments, for example by means of a breaking device integral with an inward-flexing base of the second receptacle.
To optimize the effectiveness of the reaction, the compartment of the chamber in which the salt is arranged is formed directly in contact with all the available surface of the first receptacle, while the compartment intended to contain the liquid component is made on the base of the second receptacle, without direct contact with the first receptacle.
This preferred arrangement of the components meets the requirements of making the reaction take place as far as possible in contact with the first receptacle, at the same time utilising the greater ability of the liquid component to pass through the break produced in the diaphragm.
A first limit of the known containers consists in the fact that the container as a whole is relatively bulky in relation to the quantity of beverage contained in the first receptacle.
One of the reasons for this disadvantage is given by the fact that the salt component is placed between the breakable diaphragm and the base of the first receptacle, keeping these at a distance from each other. At the same time, the portion of the relevant compartment extending annularly around the side jacket of the first receptacle is unoccupied.
This arrangement is a direct consequence of the procedure for manufacturing the container which provides for the salt component to be introduced into the respective compartment before introducing the first receptacle. The salt component is therefore arranged above the diaphragm and the first receptacle cannot but rest on the layer of salt component already introduced.
On the other hand, the space between the diaphragm and the base of the first receptacle is also considered necessary so that the breaking device, typically made of rigid material to tear the diaphragm more easily, can penetrate into the compartment of the salt component without being impeded by the base of the first receptacle.
The above arrangement is also the source of a second important disadvantage of the known containers. This is that they are only suitable for containing relatively small quantities of beverage, up to 50 ml, beyond which the dimensions and overall weight of the containers are so great, when compared with the actual quantity of beverage, as to render them commercially impracticable.
In fact it has been found that increasing the quantity of beverage contained, and therefore of the reagents necessary to heat (or cool) it, also involves a drastic increase in the unused spaces between the first and the second container, with a resulting rise in the fraction of thermal energy dissipated to the outside or absorbed by the components of the container. To compensate for the greater wastage of energy not used for the actual heating of the beverage, it therefore becomes necessary to use a quantity of reagents far greater than the increase determined by the actual amount of beverage.
In other words, the increase in the dimensions and overall weight of the container is not proportional to the increase in the amount of beverage to be heated or cooled, but much greater than it.
This disadvantage, besides setting an important limit to the marketing of containers with average quantities of beverage (greater than 50 ml), as stated earlier, also involves technical complications in manufacturing and a rise in production costs.

Single-use, self-heating or self-cooling container, particularly for beverages and method for manufacturing the same


A bonding structure of a semiconductor package includes: a first conductive member configured to transmit an electrical signal; and a bonding pad configured to be electrically coupled to a surface of the first conductive member and comprising a plurality of sub bonding pads.

1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to a semiconductor package and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a bonding structure of a semiconductor package including a stack-type semiconductor package.
2. Description of the Related Art
As demand for miniaturization and high performance of electronic products increases in line with the increased demand for mobile products, the demand for a semiconductor memory with small size and large capacity has increased. One method for increasing storage capacity of a semiconductor memory includes mounting and assembling a plurality of semiconductor chips in one semiconductor package. In this method, only a packaging process may be changed to increase the storage capacity of the semiconductor memory. Furthermore, increasing storage capacity has a lot of advantages in terms of capital requirement, research and development, and development time. Therefore, semiconductor memory manufacturers have made a variety of attempts to increase the storage capacity of a semiconductor memory device through a multi-chip package having a plurality of semiconductor chips mounted in one semiconductor package.
Methods of mounting a plurality of semiconductor chips in one semiconductor package may include mounting a plurality of semiconductor chips in a horizontal direction and mounting a plurality of semiconductor chips in a vertical direction. Because of the characteristics of electronic products, to pursue miniaturization most semiconductor memory manufacturers prefer a stack-type multi-chip package in which a plurality of chips are vertically stacked and packaged. As an example of the stack-type multi-chip package, a package structure using through silicon vias (TSVs) has been proposed. The package employing TSVs allows for a plurality of semiconductor chips that are physically and electrically coupled in a vertical direction through TSVs which are formed in the respective semiconductor chips at a wafer level.
In a conventional stack-type package using TSVs, semiconductor chips having TSVs and a chip pad are electrically coupled through a bonding metal such as solder. However, when the semiconductor chips are stacked using TSVs, the TSVs are coupled through one signal and one link. Therefore, even though only one signal is cut, an open failure may occur. Accordingly, even though only one signal among several thousands of signals is cut, it may lead to failure of the entire product.

Bonding structure of semiconductor package, method for fabricating the same, and stack-type semiconductor package


A method and apparatus for a current-output peak detector. A current-output peak detector circuit is disclosed and works in two phases. The peak detector circuit includes switches to switch the peak detector circuit from the first phase to the second phase upon detection of the peak voltage of an input voltage signal. The peak detector generates a current output with a high degree of accuracy in the second phase.

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a prior art front-end circuit for a radiation detector. The circuit includes a low-noise charge amplifier 102, a filter 104, and a peak detector 106. A charge signal Q from a sensor of the radiation detector is amplified by the charge amplifier 102 and filtered by the filter 104, yielding a voltage pulse v(t) with an amplitude proportional to the charge Q. The voltage pulse is processed by the peak detector 106 which yields a constant voltage vp(t) equal to the peak pulse amplitude U. The constant voltage is then processed by further voltage-input processing electronics 108, such as a voltage-input Analog-to-Digital converter.
The peak detector 106 in FIG. 1 is only capable of operating with voltage-input processing electronics 108. If a current-input processing device or circuit is required, such as a current-input Analog-to-Digital converter, a stage which converts the voltage vp(t) into a current is required. Such an additional stage utilizes additional power.
Moreover, in order to maximize the dynamic range of the analog front-end circuit, the peak detector 106 must be able to operate rail-to-rail, i.e. it must be able to process voltages that swing from the minimum (typically ground) supply voltage to the maximum supply voltage, while preserving the required detection precision. Such a rail-to-rail circuit can be affected by non-linear errors due to voltage offsets at the complementary differential input stages, resulting in low-precision peak detection.
In U.S. Pat. No. 6,512,399, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety as if fully set forth in this disclosure, G. De Geronimo et al. disclosed a high-precision peak detector capable of operating rail-to-rail by using an offset-cancellation method. However, the disclosed circuit operates with voltage-input processing electronics, and one or more additional stages which precisely convert the voltage vp(t) into a current may be desired. Such additional stage(s), along with utilizing additional power, may be desired to operate with rail-to-rail input voltages but without being affected by non-linear errors due to voltage offsets at the complementary differential input stages.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a peak detector capable of operating with rail-to-rail voltage inputs and providing an output current for operation with current-input processing electronics. There is also a need for a peak detector that is capable of providing high degree of precision peak detection.

Method and apparatus for current-output peak detection


A substrate processing method for removing a resist film from a substrate having the resist film formed thereon comprises maintaining the inner region of the chamber at a prescribed temperature by putting a substrate in a chamber, denaturing the resist film by supplying ozone and a water vapor in such a manner that ozone is supplied into the chamber while a water vapor is supplied into the chamber at a prescribed flow rate, the amount of ozone relative to the amount of the water vapor being adjusted such that the dew formation within the chamber is prevented, and processing the substrate with a prescribed liquid material so as to remove the denatured resist film from the substrate.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a substrate processing method and a substrate processing apparatus for efficiently removing a resist film from a substrate having the resist film formed thereon, and a computer program, and a computer readable storage medium.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the manufacturing process of a semiconductor device, a circuit pattern is formed by mainly a so-called "photolithography process". The photolithography process includes, for example, the steps of forming a metal film on the surface of a semiconductor wafer by the PVD process or a CVD process, forming a resist film on the metal film, exposing the resist film to light in a prescribed pattern, followed by developing the light-exposed pattern formed in the resist film to form a circuit pattern made of the resist film, selectively etching the metal film with the resist film used as an etching mask to form a metal wiring pattern, and removing the resist film after formation of the metal wiring pattern.
Also, a so-called "damascene process" is widely employed for the manufacture of a semiconductor device comprising a multi-layered wiring. A single damascene process includes, for example, the steps of forming an interlayer insulating film on a substrate having a metal wiring formed thereon, forming a resist film on the interlayer insulating film, selectively exposing the resist film to light in a prescribed pattern, followed by developing the light-exposed resist film to form a circuit pattern made of the resist film, applying a plasma etching to the semiconductor wafer with the patterned resist film used as an etching mask to form vias and trenches in the interlayer insulating film, and removing the resist film after formation of the vias and the trenches.
A plasma ashing method is widely employed in the circuit-forming process described above as a method of removing the resist film from the semiconductor wafer having the resist film, which is adapted for, for example, the KrF line, formed thereon. In the plasma ashing method, however, a damage tends to be done to the underlying metal film. Also, the insulating film is likely to be excessively removed.
Such being the situation, Japanese Patent Disclosure (Kokai) No. 2002-184741 discloses a method that permits avoiding the difficulties pointed out above. To be more specific, disclosed in this prior art is a substrate processing method comprising the steps of processing the substrate with a gas containing ozone and a water vapor so as to denature the resist film such that the resist film is made soluble in water, and processing the substrate with a pure water so as to remove the denatured resist film from the semiconductor wafer.
However, the processing method disclosed in Japanese Patent Disclosure No. 2002-184741 quoted above is defective in that the peeling rate is low, compared with the plasma ashing process, with the result that a long processing time is required. It should be noted in this connection that a practical use of an ArF excimer laser as an exposure light source is being promoted in an attempt to make finer the circuit pattern. What should be noted is that the method disclosed in the patent document quoted above is incapable of peeling off the resist film adapted for the ArF line and the antireflection film that is used together with the resist film. Under the circumstances, it is unavoidable nowadays to employ the plasma ashing process that tends to do damage to the underlying layer.

Computer readable storage medium for controlling substrate processing apparatus


Abstract of the Disclosure A display apparatus having a display layer (2) and a touch-sensitive layer (3) running parallel thereto. An antireflection lattice is provided which is arranged on the touch-sensitive layer (3), the lattice elements being able to move toward one another or having a touch sensitivity which is independent of other lattice elements.

Such display apparatuses are used when it is necessary not only to display information graphically but also to use the apparatus for input. Such a display apparatus is useful particularly when using graphical user interfaces for operating systems or application programs. In these cases, functions are activated by buttons, in which case either the buttons can be clicked on with a cursor, for example using a mouse, or else the appropriate function can be activated by touching the display apparatus directly. Such display apparatuses are often called touchscreens.
Since such display apparatuses are able to save an input unit, display apparatuses of this kind are used in preference for small portable appliances, for example "handhelds" or PDAs. Particularly in mobile operation, however, the problem arises that there is a relatively high level of ambient brightness, and reflections appear on the display apparatus which significantly impair the legibility of the display apparatus.
From cathode ray tube units, where the problem of reflection likewise arises, it is known practice, in order to avoid reflections on the screen surface, to arrange a lattice in front of the screen, this usually being a fine-meshed wire netting, and this means that although displayed information can still be easily seen by an observer, obliquely incident ambient light can no longer cause any reflections.
In touch-sensitive display apparatuses, such wire netting or a similar apparatus cannot be used, because the relatively rigid structure means that even touching it with a relatively pointed object such as a pen would result in a broad pressure area, which can result in incorrect inputs. Even when the touch-sensitive layer has a high resolution, precise work is no longer possible.
Another known possibility for avoiding disruptive reflections is to roughen the surface pointing in the direction of an observer by starting to etch it, for example. A drawback of this solution is that the scatter effect does not just affect incident ambient light, but rather likewise affects the light which individual pixels on the display layer emit and scatter, and hence the sharpness of the image is reduced.

Display apparatus with a touch-sensitive layer and an antireflection lattice


A valve opening detector for use in an implantable medical device detects opening of at least one valve in the left side of heart, and has an impedance measuring unit for measuring electrical impedance between measuring poles and for generating an impedance signal corresponding thereto, at least one of the poles being arranged in the coronary sinus and/or in the great cardiac vein of the heart. The valve opening detector also includes an impedance signal processor which processes the impedance signal to detect the opening of one or both valves in the left side of the heart.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an implantable medical device of the type having a valve opening detector for detecting opening of a valve at the left side of the heart.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Impedance measurements for detection of the flow mechanical function of a heart are known in the art.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,792,194 a transvalvular impedance measurement is disclosed. The measurement is made between an atrium and a ventricle electrode of an implanted electro-catheter to provide information indicative of the mechanical state of the heart. The information may be used to control the pacing rate of a rate responsive pacemaker, or the stimulation intensity self adjustment or the pacing mode switching. The maximum measured impedance is indicative of the tricuspid valve (the valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle) being closed and the minimum measured impedance is indicative of the tricuspid valve being open. In the device disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,792,194 a signal generator generates a square wave of frequency 4 kHz, amplitude 3 volts. A voltage level is detected at one of the electrodes inside the heart and the detected signal is amplified in an amplifier having a gain in region 50 to 200 and filtered in a filter network. The filter network uses a notch filter to reject mains frequency (50 or 60 Hz) and also a low pass filter to reject frequencies exceeding 100 Hz, since the frequencies of the signals of interest being well below that level. In that way noise generated in impedance measurement can be reduced.
Impedance measurement using four poles is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,730,619 wherein an electrode lead adapted to be inserted into a heart is provided with a first and a second ring electrode and a tip electrode. A measurement current at any one of several frequencies is applied between the pacer can and the tip electrode and the voltage measured between the ring electrodes is proportional to impedance. The measured impedance is used to determine changes in volume of blood in the right ventricle and to determine opening and closing of the pulmonary valve to determine ejection time. The pulmonary valve is the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
Impedance measurements within a heart may be used to confirm capture, i.e. to confirm that a stimulation pulse applied to heart tissue has caused a heart contraction. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,737,883 and 5,902,325 both relate to implantable cardiac stimulators provided with capture detection based upon impedance measurements.
Through impedance measurements, blood volume changes are detectable within the area of measurement. Blood has higher conductivity (lower impedance) than myocardial tissue and lungs. The impedance-volume relationship is inverse; the more blood—the smaller the impedance.
In a well functioning heart the left side and the right side of the heart contract more or less simultaneously starting with the contraction of the atria flushing down the blood through the valves separating the atria from the ventricles. In the right side of the heart through the tricuspid valve and in the left side of the heart through the mitral valve. Shortly after the atria contraction the ventricles contract resulting in increasing blood pressure inside the ventricles that first closes the one way valves to the atria and after that forces the outflow valves to open. In the right side of the heart it is the pulmonary valve, that separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery that leads blood to the lung to be oxygenated, which is opened. The right side of the heart is termed the low pressure side of the heart since the pressure is several times lower than the pressure in the left side of the heart-termed the high pressure side. In the left side of the heart the aortic valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta that transports blood to the whole body. The outflow valves, the pulmonary valve and the aortic valve, open when the pressure inside the ventricles exceeds the pressure in the pulmonary artery and the aorta, respectively. The ventricles are separated by the intraventricular elastic septum.
The heart is supplied with blood via the left and right coronary arteries having openings close to the aortic valve. The venous blood is returned to the right atrium by the great cardiac vein to the coronary sinus having its opening close to the inferior vena cava.
The measurement device disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,792,194 is adapted to perform measurements in the right side of the heart, the low pressure side of the heart. There is a great interest in making measurements reflecting the hemodynamic of the left side of the heart in order to increase the possibilities to correctly analyze the function of the heart.

Implantable medical device with valve opening detector