A compact, catadioptric and athermal imaging spectrometer is disclosed. A telecentric light (1) incident from a slit (2) is folded or refracted by an object-side prism (3) to enter a plano-convex lens (4); after being refracted by the plano-convex lens (4) and a meniscus lens (5), and refracted and reflected by a thick catadioptric lens (6), said telecentric light is incident onto a convex grating (7) in the form of a convergent beam; and after said beam is diffracted, spectral division is implemented. The divergent beam is sequentially refracted and reflected by the thick catadioptric lens (6), and refracted by the meniscus lens (5) and the plano-convex lens (4) to enter an image-side prism (8). Said beam is folded or refracted and filtered, and imaged on a focal plane (10) to realize spectral imaging.

Spectral imaging technology is an emerging field that integrates spectral spectroscopy and spatial imaging technology. It has greatly expanded the application scope in the fields of aerospace remote sensing, agricultural and forestry resources detection, mineral resources and geological exploration, military detective and so on.
The classic structure of dispersive imaging spectrometers mainly includes: the planar grating C-T type, the convex grating Offner type, the concave grating Dyson type, etc. These kinds of spectrometers have good performance in medium and short slit and medium relative aperture. However, in the case of long slits and large relative apertures, there have large aberrations, and their spectral images is easy to be distorted, and the size of the instrument increases rapidly with the increase of slit and relative aperture. In addition, the image quality of traditional catadioptric imaging spectrometer, such as Dyson imaging spectrometer, is greatly affected by temperature, so strict temperature control system is needed to ensure its image quality stability.
The imaging spectrometer applied in the hyperspectral remote sensing field generally has high requirements on the geometric and physical parameters such as weight and volume. Excessive volume and weight lead to a sharp increase in the cost of production manufacturing and launch. Reducing the cooling equipment can greatly reduce the load pressure of the platform, which also put forward higher requirements for the temperature adaptability of the imaging spectrometer, and the imaging spectrometer is required to maintain stable image quality in a large temperature range.
In imaging spectrometers reported in the existing literature, large relative aperture, long slit, and compact structure are usually unable to meet the requirements at the same time. Referring to the literature "Design of compact Offner spectral imaging system" ([J]. OPTICS AND PRECISION ENGINEERING, 2005, 13(6):650) and "Design Method of Offner-Type Imaging Spectrometer" ([J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2010(4):1148-1152) have reported the classic shot-slit Offner configurations. They have all-reflection structures and their slit length are both less than 20 mm. The concave grating Dyson configuration in reference "A Review of Dyson Optical System in the Measure of Infrared Imaging Spectrum" ([J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2012, 32(2): 548-552) is a catadioptric spectrometer. It can achieve large relative aperture but shot slit, and its slit is hard to be longer than 20 mm. Furthermore, such spectrometer's performance is susceptible to temperature. Chinese patent CN102183304B titled "A cylindrical anastigmatic grating dispersive imaging spectrometer" and article "Aberration Correction of Czerny-Turner Imaging Spectrometer Carried by Satellite" ([J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2009, 29(1): 35-40) have reported the plane grating Czerny-Turner configurations. They are all-reflection structures with short slit and little relative aperture and can't satisfy the requirements of large field of view and high signal-to-noise ratio for hyperspectral remote sensing applications. Therefore, it is urgent to provide an imaging spectrometer with large relative aperture, long slit, compact structure and athermal performance to satisfy the requirements of small instrument, wide swath, high spatial resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio and strong temperature adaptability for hyperspectral remote sensing applications.

Compact, catadioptric and athermal imaging spectrometer


The present invention is an integrated circuit package that comprises a substrate whose top side has a number of conductive and insulative portions. A die on which an integrated circuit is fabricated is placed on the top side of the substrate. A number of bond wires connect on chip electrical connection pads to respective conductive portions of the top side of the substrate. Each conductive portion on the top side of the substrate is connected to a respective solder plated/dispensed pad on the bottom side of the substrate. A molding compound is formed on the top side of the substrate to encapsulate the die and the bond wires. The bottom side of the substrate, including the solder plated/dispensed pads, remains unmolded. The invention represents a number of advances in the art. For example, the invention results in an ultra thin package that can be used in PCMCIA Type I and Type II modules and cards. One embodiment of the ultra thin package of the invention has a thickness of approximately 0.70 millimeters.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of integrated circuit packaging. In particular, the present invention relates to ultra thin and leadless surface mount packages.
2. Background Art
Prior art integrated circuits are packaged in plastic packages in which the integrated circuit is fully sealed in the packages. Such fully sealed packages typically have a minimum thickness of 2.0 millimeters. When mounted on a printed circuit board, the top of these packages stands at least 2.0 millimeters high in relation to the surface of the printed circuit board. The height is typically more than 2.0 millimeters since additional space is consumed by pins typically protruding from the bottom of the fully sealed packages. An example of this type of prior art package is a Plastic Pin Grid Array (PPGA). FIG. 1 shows the bottom view of a prior art PGA. As shown in FIG. 1, an array of pins 10 protrude from thee bottom of the package. Pins 10 penetrate holes drilled in a printed circuit board (not shown). Pins 10 are then soldered to conductive patterns laid out on the top and bottom surfaces of the printed circuit board.
Recently, surface mount packages have dispensed with the requirement of pins protruding from the bottom of the package. Instead, surface mount packages use leads that are designed to lie flush with the surface of the printed circuit board. Examples of such surface mount packages are a "Thin Quad Flat Package" (TQFP) and a "Very Thin Small Outline Package" (VTSOP). An example of a typical prior art TQFP is shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 2,shows a side view of a TQFP 12 in which side views of only two leads 14 and 16 are shown for the purpose of illustration. Other leads 18 in the TQFP are identically configured and have the same appearance as the two exemplary leads 14 and 16 when viewed from the side. As shown in FIG. 2, each lead 14 or 16 is shaped so that it inclines toward the surface of the printed circuit board (not shown) and then lies flat on the surface of the printed circuit board.
As shown in FIG. 2, the TQFP typically occupies about 1.2 millimeters of vertical space. This space cannot be reduced to any significant extent since the thickness of the molded body of a TQFP limits the minimization of the vertical space occupied by the TQFP. In other words, the thickness of the molded body 22 of TQFP 12 represents the minimum thickness that can be achieved with the TQFP regardless of how leads 18 are designed.
Other prior art attempts at minimizing the vertical space occupied by an integrated circuit package have also reached their limits. FIGS. 3A through 3D illustrate different prior art integrated circuit packages. FIG. 3A is a Flat Pack (FP) package. As seen in FIG. 3A, leads 26 protrude from the sides of molded body 27 of FP 28. Typically, a rectangular opening is made within a printed circuit board (not shown) and FP 28 is placed inside the opening and is supported by leads 26 which are soldered to the surface of the printed circuit board. Accordingly, the bottom half of body 27 no longer adds to the height of FP package 28. However, one of the drawbacks of FP 28 is that an opening must be made in the printed circuit board. This results in several disadvantages. For example, creating a hole in the printed circuit board causes a reduction in the available area for laying out conductive patterns on the top and bottom surfaces of the printed circuit board. Further, creating a hole in the printed circuit board results in additional cost in designing and manufacturing the printed circuit board. Another drawback in using FP 28 is that the bottom half of molded body 27 extends beyond the bottom surface of the printed circuit board. Accordingly, additional space below the bottom surface of the printed circuit board is required to provide clearance for the bottom half of body 27. Thus, although FP 28 stands lower than other packages having a body of the same thickness, FP 28 extends below the surface of the printed circuit board, therefore requiring a bottom clearance. FIG. 3B illustrates a Ceramic Quad Flat (CQF) 29 which is a variation of FP 28. CQF 29 suffers from the same disadvantages suffered by FP 28.
FIG. 3C illustrates a Leadless Ceramic Chip Carrier (LCCC) 30. LCCC 30 is an example of a fully sealed surface mount package. The entire thickness of molded body 31 of LCCC 30 stands above the printed circuit board. As stated above, this vertical space is typically no less than 1.2 millimeters. FIG. 3D is another example of a surface mount package called a Ceramic Leaded Chip Carrier (CLCC) 32. The leads of CLCC 32 are similar to leads 18 of TQFP 12 shown in FIG. 2. As with TQFP 12 and LCCC 30, molded body 33 of CLCC 32 also stands entirely above the printed circuit board, thus requiring a clearance of at least 2.0 millimeters.
Another recent prior art surface mount package is the OverMolded Pad Array Carrier (OMPAC) 34 shown in FIG. 3E. As shown in FIG. 3E, an array of solder balls 35 is arranged on the bottom surface 36 of OMPAC 34. The array of solder balls interfaces with a printed circuit board. The advantage of OMPAC 34 over "leaded" surface mount packages is that OMPAC 34 eliminates concerns regarding lead coplanarity and skew. However, as with all the prior art surface mount packages discussed above, OMPAC 34 requires at least a 2.0 millimeters of height clearance above the surface of the printed circuit board on which OMPAC 34 is mounted. This is because, like the prior art surface mount packages discussed above, OMPAC 34 is fully molded and the full thickness of the molded body of OMPAC 34 stands above the printed circuit board.
Use of the prior art surface mount packages is generally limited to larger form factor electronic systems, including Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) Type III (10.5 millimeters) disk drives, modules and cards. However, as portable computing systems are designed around smaller form factor electronic systems, such as those conforming to PCMCIA Type II (having a thickness of 5.0 millimeters) and PCMCIA Type I (having a thickness of 3.3 millimeters) standards, there is a need for integrated circuit packaging technology that is compatible with these smaller form factor electronic systems. Although the prior art has attempted a "Chip On Board" (COB) technology as an option for small form factor packaging, the technology suffers from several disadvantages. First, it is difficult to test the dies or determine the number of good dies mounted on printed circuit boards. Second, the cost of converting manufacturing lines to produce chips on boards is extremely high and has thus prevented chip manufacturers to pursue the COB technology. Thus, there is still need in the art for a single package solution that is less expensive to produce and easier to test (for example, easier to test for Known Good Die, or test at full temperature range, or at full speed) than the COB technology.
Thus, there is need in the art for a surface mount package with a substantially reduced thickness so as to permit integrated circuits to be effectively used in computer card modules and other applications where overall height is very limited. Specifically, there is need in the art to substantially reduce the 2.0 millimeter height of the prior art surface mount packages.

Ultra thin, leadless and molded surface mount integrated circuit package


A circuit board cooling system includes a circuit board with a processor disposed thereon, a cooling unit operating according to an operating configuration to generate air flow to cool a portion of the circuit board, and a plurality of pressure sensors that are coupled with a sensor processing unit and configured to measure air pressure data at their respective locations. The pressure sensors include a first pressure sensor located between the processor and the cooling unit and a second pressure sensor located such that the processor is between the second pressure sensor and the cooling unit. Air pressure data measured by the plurality of pressure sensors is obtained by the sensor processing unit. The sensor processing unit compares the obtained air pressure data to reference air pressure data for the operating configuration and, based on the comparison, determines that a disturbance to the air flow exists.

Electronic equipment like servers, laptops, etc. typically requires cooling air to cool processing units (e.g., central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs)), memory (e.g., Random Access Memory (RAM)), and other electronic components. Absent sufficient cooling air, these electronic components could overheat and become damaged. In an item of electronic equipment, such as a server, cooling air is typically provided by a cooling unit which includes one or more fans. The fan(s) can consume 25% to 30% of total power consumed by the system in which the cooling unit operates. This power consumed by the cooling unit, in particular by its fan(s), in turn results in significant portion of the overall cost of operation of most any item of electronic equipment that includes a cooling unit. It follows that in a single piece of electronic equipment, such as a single server, cooling costs can comprise a large portion of the overall operating costs and maintaining adequate cooling air to cooled components is important. Similarly, for entities operating a large number of pieces of electronic equipment (such as servers in a server farm), the cost of cooling is significant and the importance of maintaining adequate cooling air to cooled electronic components is also significant.

Air flow disturbance determination in a cooling system


In a vertically movable elevator group management control apparatus for control of a plurality of transversely shiftable cars among plural shafts, control is done by storing route data with respect to each said car, generating target floor data including a target floor, based on car call data obtained in correspondence with each said car and station call data as obtained correspondingly to each floor, estimating the time taken for said car to reach said target floor, based on at least said route data, said target floor data and said car call data, and assigning a certain car to a certain floor call, based on the estimated arrival time.

Conventionally, in cable-driven elevator systems with a plurality of lift passages or "shafts," various kinds of so-called "elevator group management" schemes have been provided in order to increase the transportation efficiency. The elevator group management schemes are to manage or control traveling of elevator platforms or cars (referred to as "cars" hereinafter) not by letting these cars respond individually to landing-place or "station" calls in a car-to-shaft correspondence manner but by determining an appropriate car that should respond to a station call by taking account of the actual traveling conditions of individual cars moving in respective shafts associated.
In the recent years advanced elevator systems have been proposed in order to achieve further enhanced transportation efficiency, one of which is a vertical/transversal movable elevator group control system as has been disclosed in, for example, Published Unexamined Japanese Patent Application (PUJPA) No. 62-275987 and PUJPA No. 3-216477. This system disclosed is the one capable of causing a plurality of cars to move or travel in a single shaft by use of linear motors while allowing them to transversely shift among the shafts. Such elevator system is becoming more attractive in practical applications due to its advantage: the allowable transportation amount can be much improved due to the fact that it enables associative transportable cars to increase in number as compared to the prior known cable-driven elevator systems insofar as the shafts in both systems is identical in number.
Furthermore, the elevator group management control apparatus and the elevator group management control method used in this type of vertically- and horizontally-movable elevator system, such as the one disclosed in PUJPA No. 5-9173, are designed on the concept that a car moves in one direction only (upward or downward) in each shaft and that a car moves in a loop.
In the vertical/transversal movable elevator group control system, the system design is established under the assumption that a plurality of cars are moving in one shaft while permitting their crosswise movement among these shafts; this will possibly lead to occurrence of collision between adjacent ones of the cars. To avoid such collision, especially to retain maximized safety for passengers, several transportation management methods have been developed: one approach is to force the cars to decrease in moving speed eliminating collision by use of a car position detector means; and, another approach is to force the individual car to stop at an appropriate position that may exclude the risk of occurrence of collision.

Elevator group management control apparatus and elevator group management control method


Method and apparatus for testing a cable call for extending the cable along a route having at least one curved portion, applying tension in an axial direction to the sheath of the extended cable so as to elongate the sheath, perturbing the tensioned cable in an axial direction and determining whether the perturbations to the tensioned cable have caused any structural distortions in the cable.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to communication cables, and in particular relates to a methods for simulating the effects of routing a copper cable and determining any structural distortions and/or deterioration resulting therefrom.
2. Description of the Related Art
Network and communication equipment is often physically arranged according to specific configuration requirements. Communication cables, that carry signals to and from such equipment, may be required to be routed along one or more relatively sharp curves, according to the configuration and constraints of the setting, such as the shape and size of a chassis or drawer. Such routing can put tension on the outside sheath of the cable, and result in distortion and degradation of the various wires within the cable. One type of distortion is referred to as "micro-pistoning."
FIG. 1, is schematic illustration depicting aspects of micro-pistoning. In FIG. 1, a cable 100, having a sheath 101 and two sub-cables 102, 104, each in turn having two conductors, is bent into a U-type shape. As shown, the bending has caused the end of sub-cable 102 to protrude upwards relative to the end of sub-cable 104 on the left side, and conversely, the end of sub-cable 104 protrudes upwards relative to the end of sub-cable 102 on the right side. If, for example, the bend occurred when one of the ends was soldered, or otherwise fixed to equipment, it can be seen that such relative movement can alter or damage the structural integrity of such a connection, and possibly cause signal transport discontinuity.
Testing of cables according to known standards such as the SFF 8417 standard (Small Form Factor Committee "Multi Conductor Cable Flex Cycle Test Procedure") involves determining whether particular points of a tensioned cable break when flexed angularly back and forth over a set number of repetitions. Such tests do not provide a good guide as to whether a cable will perform adequately when routed as described above, and in particular, do not provide any indication of any possible micro-pistoning behavior of the cable.
What is needed is a test that provides useful information for indicating whether a communication cable will perform adequately under prevailing routing conditions, and in particular provides information indicating whether micro-pistoning or other structural distortions have occurred, which hitherto have not been subject to rigorous testing.


An information processing apparatus classifies a piece of content data as a first or second category in response to a user operation while outputting the content data for a predetermined time. When the user operation is not performed from the start of the output of the content data to the termination, the information processing apparatus automatically classifies the content data as a third category. When there is a shortage of the number of pieces of content data classified as the first or second category, the information processing apparatus adds a piece of content data classified as the third category.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a technique of classifying a plurality of data.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the past, an image processing apparatus has performed a SLIDE SHOW playback of image files in order for the user to sequentially see a plurality of images and designate the image that the user wants to print.
The user sees the SLIDE SHOW and operates the apparatus to classify the images while the image processing apparatus performs a SLIDE SHOW playback of the images. When the display time elapses while the user wavers over as which category to classify the image, the next image is displayed as the image has not been classified. Thus, an unclassified image remains. To classify all the images, the image processing apparatus needs to perform the SLIDE SHOW playback again and the user has to repeatedly see the SLIDE SHOW to classify the images. This takes time and effort.

Information processing apparatus, control method therefor, and program for classifying a plurality of data


A switchgear apparatus includes a switchgear device, such as a circuit breaker, having a power bus, and an antenna element including an antenna member and one or more antenna leads. A material encapsulates the antenna member and is adapted to suppress dielectric breakdown through the material to the encapsulated antenna member from the power bus. The circuit breaker also includes a conductive housing having an opening receiving the antenna leads. The conductive housing is mounted on or proximate to the power bus. A sensor circuit is disposed in the conductive housing and is adapted to output a radio frequency signal to the antenna leads or to input a radio frequency signal from the antenna leads.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention pertains generally to antennas and, more particularly, to antennas for application in an environment subjected to a voltage potential where breakdown can occur. The invention also pertains to such antennas for application with sensors or switchgear devices.
2. Background Information
Diagnostic sensors that are located on the line or "high" voltage side of switchgear devices, such as circuit breakers, and/or on the bus structure of such devices must survive impulse voltage tests (e.g., rated lightning impulse voltage; BIL (Basic Impulse Level)) to prove that arcing between conductive surfaces does not occur. Survival of these tests is dependent upon the distance between the conductive surfaces, the rated breakdown of the material between those surfaces, the geometry of those surfaces and the applied voltage potential.
If such a diagnostic sensor might implement, for example, communications employing an antenna, then such antenna, if located outside of the package of the diagnostic sensor, may likely be subjected to arcing during the impulse voltage tests.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,725,449 discloses that problems have been encountered with radio frequency (RF) ion source antenna coils. When the antenna coil is made of bare metal, such as copper, sparking or arcing may occur in a vacuum chamber, both between the turns of the coil, and also between the coil and various electrodes which may be employed in the ion source. When the antenna coil is operated at high power levels, the RF voltage between different portions of the coil may be quite high. This patent further discloses an RF ion source antenna coil coated with a thin impervious layer or coating of glass which is fused to a metal conductor and is strongly adherent thereto. The glass coating covers the entire surface of the antenna conductor, but not including the terminal portions or contacts, which are left bare. The glass coating is thin, continuous, impervious and substantially uniform in thickness. The continuous, impervious glass coating is an excellent electrical insulator and is resistant to voltage breakdown. The patent also discloses that the glass coating will withstand a voltage of five kV.
There is room for improvement in antennas. There is also room for improvement in sensors and switchgear devices employing an antenna.

Antenna protected from dielectric breakdown and sensor or switchgear apparatus including the same


A phase locked loop system comprises a phase locked loop and an oscillator that is coarse tuned and fine tuned according to coarse tuning operations and fine tuning operations. The system operates to calibrate the coarse tuning of the oscillator based on one or more characteristics related to the oscillator and determined by a characterization component, an interpolation function and one or more final measurements. An adjustment component is configured to adjust the coarse tuning value based on at least one final frequency measurement to generate a final coarse tuning value and set the coarse tuning of the oscillator based on the final coarse tuning value.

Phase locked loops (PLLs) can provide precise generation and alignment of timing for a wide variety of applications, such as for clock generation or clock data recovery. Digital phase-locked loops (DPLLs) are a viable alternative to traditional PLLs, in which a digital loop filter can be utilized to replace analog components. For example, all-digital phase locked loops (ADPLLs) are designed to utilize digital techniques throughout and can comprise a phase frequency detector, a loop filter, an oscillator, and a frequency divider. ADPLLs, as with other DPLLs, utilize a high-frequency clock source because they do not provide a true frequency synthesis. The oscillator is thus an important component involved in tuning the DPLL, which can involve coarse tuning and fine tuning operations. For example, the oscillator can be controlled by one or more varactor fields such as one varactor field for open loop band adjustment and another varactor field for closed loop tuning. For example, a coarse tuning (e.g., tuning a varactor field for a band adjustment) can be implemented with a capacitor that is controlled by a binary coding, in which the coarse tuning process selects a frequency band. However, coarse tuning alone can provide for an inaccurate and unstable phase lock for high-frequency applications. During the locking operation phase for a target frequency of operation and after coarse tuning, the coarse tuning is kept constant and the frequency resolution of the phase locked loop is enhanced with a fine tuning operation (e.g., setting a tuning field for locking the phase locked loop) in order to compensate for the error in the coarse tuning and to lock the oscillator at the target frequency. Therefore, the coarse tuning process should be accurate as possible to achieve scalability, high performance and a wide operating range.

Coarse tuning selection for phase locked loops


An autofocus control apparatus includes a beam splitter, a condenser lens and a detector. The beam splitter directs light beams from a light source toward a sample and passes light beams reflected from the sample to the condenser lens. The condenser lens condenses the light beams, and the detector detects a focal point deviation of the sample relative to a focal point of the condenser lens. The focal point deviation is detected based on an intersection of a focal line passing through different focal points of the condenser lens and a light receiving plane configured to receive the light beams passing through the condenser lens.

1. Field
One or more embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an autofocus control apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
An imaging system employs an autofocus control apparatus to drive a lens in order to allow light to be automatically focused on a stationary image forming plane. Such an autofocus control apparatus may be used to automatically focus light on a surface of an object to be observed and therefore is often found in processing/inspection equipment using a microscope system or other similar optical systems. Accuracy and speed of autofocus control are factors to determine performance of the equipment and thus the quality of products produced by this equipment on a production line.
Examples of methods for performing autofocus control include a positive autofocus control method and a passive autofocus control method.
In the positive autofocus control method, after light beams, reflected at different heights from a focal plane of an objective lens, pass through the objective lens, a focal point of the light beams may vary via a condenser lens located immediately in front of light receiving parts. In this case, the light receiving parts may be located respectively at two positions A and B equidistantly spaced forward and rearward on the basis of a focal point forming location. If the same intensity of light reaches the respective light receiving parts, it may be determined that a sample is at a focal distance.
On the other hand, it may be determined that the sample is located less than the focal distance if the intensity of light measured by the light receiving part at the position A is greater than that at the position B, and that the sample is located beyond the focal distance if the intensity of light at the position A is less than that at the position B. A focal point is recognized based on the above-described principle, and in turn autofocus control is performed based on the recognized focal point.
This method may exhibit relatively fast response time, but relatively low accuracy. In particular, in the case in which a sample is a thin transparent layer, accuracy may be deteriorated due to focal point ambiguity of an objective lens having a particular magnification. This is caused because both beams reflected from upper and lower surfaces of the transparent object are introduced into a light receiving part and a condenser lens focuses the beams at similar positions.
The passive autofocus control method attains images of a sample using an image sensor while moving an objective lens, which is randomly spaced apart from a sample by a predetermined distance on the basis of a reference position. The definitions of several images are then calculated based on a moved position of the objective lens. A position showing the greatest image definition is a focal point of the sample.
Thus, in this passive method, an object to be observed is completely focused when the objective lens is moved from the reference position to the position showing the greatest image definition. This method may accurately find a focal point, but requires a large time to attain and analyze the several images while moving the objective lens by the predetermined distance to find a focal point.

Position detector and autofocus control apparatus using focal point deviation detector


A display device includes: a display panel; a backlight unit disposed above the display panel and configured to provide light to the display panel; a mold frame disposed between the display panel and the backlight unit and including a sidewall portion, which is formed to define an opening, a support portion, which extends from the sidewall portion toward the opening and supports the display panel, and at least one coupling groove portion, which is formed on an inner side of the sidewall portion; and at least one protective member including a coupling protrusion portion, which is inserted into the coupling groove portion, and a contact portion, which is disposed between an inside of the sidewall portion and an outside of the display panel and is connected to the coupling protrusion portion.

Field
Exemplary embodiments relate to a display device.
Discussion of the Background
A liquid crystal display (LCD) device includes two glass substrates and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the two glass substrates, and displays an image by applying power to electrodes disposed on the two glass substrates so as to vary the alignment of liquid crystal molecules in each pixel.
The LCD device, unlike a cathode ray tube (CRT) display device or a plasma display panel (PDP) display device, is not self-emissive, and cannot be used in places where there is no light. For this reason, the LCD device may include a backlight unit, which uniformly applies light to a display panel for the LCD device to be used in a dark area.
More specifically, the LCD device may include a frame mold, which is disposed between the display panel and the backlight unit and receives and supports the display panel therein. The frame mold may be formed of a resin, such as polycarbonate (PC).
However, in response to external shocks being applied to the frame mold where the display panel is received, stress from the external shock may be concentrated on various parts of the frame mold and, in particular, the corners of the frame mold. In this case, the display panel may crack or break in portions that are in contact with various parts of the frame mold and, in particular, the corners of the frame mold.
The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the inventive concept, and, therefore, it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

Display device having mold frame with elastic protective member


In one example implementation, a computing device displays a first application window and second application window adjacent to each other in a multi-application viewing area. The computing device detects a gesture in either an upper gesture detection area or a lower gesture detection area and controls either the first application window or second application window based on the gesture.

A graphical user interface (GUI) is an interface type that allows a user to interact and control a computing device like a tablet, smartphone, desktop, or notebook. The GUI was introduced to provide a more user-friendly experience when compared to a command-line interface (CLI). When the GUI was first introduced, it was primarily controlled via keyboard, mouse, or joystick input. Recently, however, many GUIs are controlled via touch in addition to or as an alternative to keyboard, mouse, and joystick input.

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


Disclosed is a process for preparing a 6-chloro-2,5-dicarbonamido phenol compounds comprising a step employing a 2-alkyl-6-aminobenzoxazole to form a 2-alkyl-6-amino-7-chlorobenzoxazole in which the 2-alkyl group is unbranched at the α carbon. It also provides intermediate compounds useful in the process. The process provides a simple and safe way to prepare 6-chloro-2,5-dicarbonamido phenol compounds in good yield.

Phenolic compounds are useful for the synthesis of useful organic compounds such as couplers for colorant uses. Useful compounds include those having a substituted first amino group in the 2-position and a substituted second amino group in another position such as the 5-position of the phenol. One example of such useful compounds is a phenolic coupler useful as a cyan dye-forming coupler in a silver halide imaging process. Particularly useful phenolic compounds, which give the desired hue and absorption curve shape, are those containing the requisite two amino groups, including a ballast in one of the two groups, and a 6-chloro substituent. A ballast is a hydrophobic group having 8 or more aliphatic carbon atoms which serves to keep the coupler and resulting dye within the hydrophobic dispersion in which it is present so that it will not be washed out during the aqueous processes associated with development.
There have been available several processes for obtaining phenolic compounds bearing two amino substituents. In the first, a phenol is provided with an amine group in the 2-position and a nitro group in the other desired amino position. The 2-position is converted to the desired amino substituent using acid chloride. Then, the nitro group is reduced to amine and the second amine group is converted to the desired amino substituent using acid chloride. This method is limited in the order of introducing the amino substituents and methods for introducing the 6-chloro substituent. Further, it would be desirable to avoid the use of nitroaminophenol compounds for safety reasons since such materials present an explosion concern.
Another method is described in Begley, U.S. Pat. No. 6,201,125. The use of 2-alkyl-6-nitrobenzoxazoles is suggested to prepare 2,5-dicarbonamido phenols, but there is no indication of how to prepare the desired 6-chloro-2,5-dicarbonamido phenols.
In yet another method as described by Mitsunori Ono in "Heterocycles", 27(4), 881, (1988). The use of 2-alkyl-6-nitrobenzoxazoles is suggested to prepare 2,5-dicarbonamido phenols but again there is no indication of how to prepare 6-chloro-2,5-dicarbonamido phenols. In addition, the examples employ a 2-t-butyl group, and it was found that an attempt to hydrolyze the oxazole ring in acid to unblock the 2-position was unsatisfactory and "all attempted usual acid cleavage . . . failed." Ono is ultimately concerned with effecting a reaction at the 4-position of the phenol ring rather than effecting a conversion of the nitro group or introduction of a chloro group, so the use of alkaline KOH hydrolysis is of no concern. But if one does desire to convert the nitro group, as in the present case, there is a major concern, because the use of alkaline KOH unblocking will also initiate undesired side reactions at the converted nitro site.
It is desirable to develop a process that provides a simple and safe way to prepare 6-chloro-2,5-dicarbonamido phenol compounds in good yield.


A heat dissipating apparatus includes a heat spreader (20) for thermally connecting with a heat generating electronic component, a heat sink (10) thermally connected with the heat spreader, and a heat pipe (30) thermally connecting the heat sink with the heat spreader for transferring heat from the heat spreader to the heat sink. The heat pipe includes an evaporation section (31) attached to the heat spreader, two semicircular condensation sections (33, 34) thermally engaging with the heat sink, and two connecting sections (35, 36) each interconnecting a corresponding condensation section and the evaporation section.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to heat dissipating apparatuses, and more particularly to a heat dissipating apparatus having a heat pipe for improving heat dissipating efficiency thereof.
2. Description of Related Art
It is well known that heat is produced by electronic components such as integrated circuit chips during their normal operations. If the heat is not timely removed, these electronic components may overheat. Therefore, heat dissipation apparatuses are often used to cool these electronic components.
Conventionally, a heat dissipation apparatus may incorporate a plurality of heat pipes. The heat dissipation apparatus further includes a base for contacting an electronic component and a plurality of fins arranged on the base. The base defines a plurality of grooves therein. The fins cooperatively define a plurality of through holes therein. Each heat pipe is generally U-shaped and has a substantially straight evaporating section received in a corresponding groove of the base, and two straight condensing sections extending upwardly from the evaporating section and received in the corresponding through holes of the fins. The heat generated by the electronic component is absorbed by the base, transferred from the base to the fins via the heat pipes, and finally dissipated from the fins to ambient air. However, in order to improve heat dissipation efficiency of the heat dissipation apparatus, the number of heat pipes used in the heat dissipation apparatus needs to be increased, which accordingly increases the cost of the heat dissipation apparatus.
What is needed, therefore, is a heat dissipation apparatus which has an excellent dissipating efficiency without increasing the number of heat pipe used therein.

Heat dissipating apparatus with heat pipe

Fu Zhun Precision Industry (Shen Zhen) Co., Ltd.


A condiment container comprises a housing with optional swingable lid. A flexible pouch with condiment therein is mounted within the housing, the pouch presenting a top surface having a plurality of score lines therein. Upon squeezing the housing the perforations separate to allow access to the condiment within the pouch. In one embodiment a vertical slot extends along the housing and has a tab projecting therethrough, the tab connected to a movable base which is slidable within the confines of the housing. Upon user exertion on the tab the movable base will move towards the top of the pouch so as to decrease the pouch volume and urge the condiment towards or through the top of the pouch. Alternatively, the movable bottom can be accessed by user pressure thereon through the bottom of the housing.

This invention relates to a condiment dispenser and, more particularly, to a portable dispenser for transporting and/or presenting a condiment for use with a food product, such as a french fry or the like.
In today's on-the-go society, the drive-in purchase and consumption of fastfood products such as hamburgers, french fries, etc. are common. Heretofore, plastic packets containing ketchup, mustard or mayonnaise for use with the purchased food product was provided. These packets are difficult to open and hard to control a product flow therefrom, particularly when driving a vehicle. Moreover, once the packet is opened, a controlled dispensation of the condiment onto the food product is difficult. Thus messes will occur. Accordingly, it is desirable to avoid these problems.
In response thereto I have invented a container for transporting a food condiment or food product comprising an outer housing with lid, the housing having handles extending therefrom. Within the housing is a collapsible pouch for the desired condiment, the pouch having score lines in the top surface. At the bottom of the housing is a movable base with handle extending through a slot vertically extending along the side of the housing. Upon pressure being exerted on the housing the score lines will separate so as to present an inlet/opening for allowing access to the condiment stored within the pouch. Upon moving the tab along the slot the base collapses the pouch so as to urge the condiment towards the top of the pouch and through the now open top. The food product is inserted through the opening and into the pouch. Excess condiment is removed from the food product by edges of the opening upon withdrawal of the product through the opening. The use of my container provides for easy transport of the condiment while diminishing messes associated with condiment use.
It is therefore a general object of this invention to provide for a transportable container for food condiments, food products and the like.
Another object of this invention is to provide a container, as aforesaid, having a collapsible condiment pouch within the transport container.
A still further object of this invention is to provide a container, as aforesaid, having a movable base for urging the contents of the condiment pouch towards an upper open end thereof.
Another object of this invention is to provide a condiment container with pouch, as aforesaid, the pouch having a plurality of score lines therein which separate under pressure to present an opening for insertion of the food product into the pouch as well as for removal of excess condiment from the food product upon withdrawal from the pouch.
A further object of this invention is to provide a container, as aforesaid, having a lid for exposing the condiment pouch within the container.
A more particular object of this invention is to provide a container, as aforesaid, having flanges extending from the sides thereof for support upon the user's fingers.
Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein is set forth by way of illustration and example, embodiments of this invention.


A user interface apparatus, a method for controlling a user interface apparatus, and a computer-readable medium are provided. The user interface apparatus includes a display unit comprising an object display area, the display unit displaying an object in the object display area; a detection area control unit that (1) defines a detection area for the object, the detection area including the object display area and having a size and a location, and (2) changes at least one of the size and the location of the detection area to create a modified detection area; and an activation detection unit that detects a position of a user activation. Furthermore, the detection area control unit changes the detection area after the activation detection unit detects the activation position as being within the detection area.

Technical Field
The present invention relates to a remote controller, a remote control system and a program.
Description of the Related Art
There has been known a remote controller such as a remote controller for remote controlling an external device such as a television receiver. Generally, the status of the external device changes in response to an operation of the remote controller, so that a user can confirm the execution of the operation through the change in the status of the external device. Thus, once the user has confirmed an arrangement of operation elements on the remote controller, the user tends to continue a desired operation in a state of paying attention to the external device without looking at the remote controller.
Here, in the case of operating operation elements provided to the remote controller in the form of hardware, the user can confirm the arrangement of the operation elements to some extent by the sense of touch and can also correct the position of a finger if necessary even without looking at the remote controller. This enables the user to continue the desired operation while paying attention to the external device to some extent. On the other hand, as disclosed in JP-A-2003-32509, there is also a case of operating operation elements provided to the remote controller in the form of software, such as a software keyboard.
In this case, even when the user has once confirmed the arrangement of the operation elements, the user is difficult to confirm the arrangement of the operation elements by the sense of touch as well as to correct the position of the finger if necessary. Accordingly, if the position of the finger is involuntarily moved through a continuous operation, an erroneous operation may occur without an operation of a desired operation element. Thus, the user may not be able to continue the desired operation while paying attention to the external device to some extent.
In light of the foregoing, it is desirable to provide a remote controller, a remote control system and a program by which a desired operation can be continued even while paying attention to an external device to some extent. For example, it is desirable to provide a user interface apparatus, a method for controlling a user interface apparatus, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium.

Remote controller, remote control system and program


A method and system for a vehicle wheel are provided. The vehicle wheel includes a circular hub, a concentric rim circumscribing the hub, a plurality of circumferentially spaced-apart spokes extending radially between the hub and rim, each pair of adjacent spokes having an opening therebetween extending at least partially between the rim and hub, and a shutter assembly coupled to the wheel, the shutter assembly including at least one shutter coupled to a closure mechanism that includes a biasing mechanism configured to bias the at least one shutter toward a first relatively open position when the wheel is rotated at less than a predetermined speed.

This description relates to vehicle wheels, and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for reducing air turbulence proximate the spokes of a vehicle wheel.
Controlling airflow around the wheels of a vehicle may be a way to increase the vehicle's overall efficiency and fuel economy. For example, fixed (i.e., always closed) covers or shields are available that increase the aerodynamics of a vehicle's wheels. However, such covers are considered by some to be visually less appealing than less efficient wheel designs. Also, because the covers are fixed, they may reduce the airflow to the brakes and other components behind the wheels. To provide aerodynamic wheels, without the negative aesthetics and reduced airflow, active wheel shutters have been proposed. Such active shutters require power to actuate the shutters in response to a speed of the wheel. If the power is provided by batteries, the shutter actuators may not operate properly when the batteries become weak or depleted. At least some known active shutter systems use a sensor to detect the vehicle velocity and as the velocity increases above a predetermined value, for example, 60 mph (97 km/h), the wheel-speed sensors signal a dedicated battery that powers the shutters. The shutters deploy in a fanlike pattern, closing off the openings between the wheel spokes, enabling smooth airflow across the wheels. However, there are many drawbacks to a shutter system powered by batteries and that operate according to a speed signal of the vehicle.

Method and apparatus for a passive vehicle wheel shutter system


The displaying of data from a table in a manner that at least some of the rows are each represented with row visualization, and in which the positioning of the row visualization conveys information regarding column values of the row. In particular, those row visualizations that correspond to rows in which one or more column values satisfy certain value characteristics are clustered within a common region. Thus, intuitive knowledge of the characteristics of the rows may be obtained by simply noticing the position of the row visualization within the user interface. In some cases, a given row visualization may have a control that may be interacted with to show a more detailed row representation, or a given region may have a control that may be interacted with to show further details regarding the rows represented within that region.

Tables are a common way to represent information in an organized way. Tables include a grid of typically multiple rows and typically multiple columns. Each row corresponds to a certain item, whereas each column corresponds to a property. Thus, a table entry at the intersection of a particular column and row represents a property value of a property corresponding to the particular column, the property value of the item corresponding to the particular row.
Tables are also represented as data structures in a computing system, and often rendered as tables on the computer display. Conventional computer table design has focused on visual formatting, such as the changing of row colors in tables inserted into a work processing application. Other designs relate to the formatting that can occur across rows. For example, rows can be sorted by income or grouped by date. Email programs often further allow some sorting where emails can be grouped by sender. Likewise, file system user interfaces often group file system entries by date. Spreadsheets can sort rows by the values in certain columns.

User interface technology for displaying table data


Several embodiments of multi-bandpass filters for processing optical signals are shown. The filters may include a transparent substrate with a thin film superimposed thereon. The thin film may have mirror layers and cavity layers, and may have multiple kinds of dielectrics with different refractive indices. The optical film may have a thickness that is a quarter of a reference wavelength, so as to form a plurality of Fabry-Perrot interferometer structures, and may have multiple groups of superimposed mirror and cavity layers depending on the desired effect. By using the described filters, the isolation between a plurality of the transmission bands can be sufficiently large, and separation of lights in a plurality of different wavelength regions can be carried out through a single multi-bandpass filter.

As is well known, necessary optical signals are effectively transmitted through a wavelength division multiplexing system in the optical fiber transmission system for the optical communication in which a plurality of lights having different wavelength regions are simultaneously transmitted via one optical fiber cable through an optical wavelength multiplexer that is a filter type bandpass filter using an interference filter utilizing effectively lights, and the lights are divided through an optical wavelength demultiplexer having the same structure as the optical multiplexer into the light of each wavelength region. However, it is necessary that multiplexing and demultiplexing should be carried out upon preparing a bandpass filter corresponding to the plurality of wavelength regions in order to ensure excellent transmission.
For example, as shown in FIG. 43, an optical wavelength demultiplexer 101 demultiplexing two wavelengths λ2 and λ3 out of the light including four wavelengths λ1, λ2, λ3 and λ4 has a structure in which four pieces of optical fibers 102 are provided on both opposite sides of a glass block 103 via a spacer 104 and a lens 105 respectively, and a first bandpass filter 106 and a second bandpass filter 107 corresponding to the wavelengths λ2 and λ3 to be demultiplexed respectively are provided between the spacer 104 on the predetermined position and the glass block 103. In the optical wavelength demultiplexer 101, the light of wavelength λ2 is demultiplexed by the first bandpass filter portion 106 and the light of wavelength λ3 is demultiplexed by the second bandpass filter portion 107 out of the light including four wavelengths λ1, λ2, λ3, and λ4 sent through one optical fiber 102, as the optical axis is designated by the dashed line and the direction of light transmission is designated by the arrow in the figure. The optical wavelength multiplexer has the same structure as the optical wavelength demultiplexer, but the direction of light transmission thereof is reverse to that of the demultiplexer.
Therefore, in the case that lights having a plurality of different wavelength regions are simultaneously transmitted via one optical fiber cable, it is required that bandpass filters corresponding to each wavelength region need not be prepared and moreover excellent transmission of light signals can be carried out. To the requirement mentioned above, a filter that transmits a plurality of lights having different wavelength regions, for example, a filter having two transmission bands and three rejection bands, which can transmit lights having two different wavelength regions, has been proposed (For example, refer to Japanese Patent Publication Hei5-26162). For the filter that can multiplex or demultiplex a plurality of lights having different wavelength regions, it is necessary that isolation between respective different wavelength regions should be sufficiently large and highly reliable because crosstalk would be generated and then the quality of communication would be deteriorated if isolation thereof is not sufficient.
On the other hand, for image pickup of color images for color TV etc., an object image is separated into blue, green and red lights. Then, blue, green and red image signals are obtained by devices provided corresponding to each color. A color separation prism and trimming filters for each color to separate the object image into blue, green and red colors are utilized. The trimming filter is used for perfect color separation because a dichroic film formed on the color separation prism cannot carry out color separation sufficiently by itself. For the trimming filter like this, a filter having a plurality of transmitting regions that can transmit e.g. blue, green and red wavelength regions but rejects the rest of wavelength regions has been developed (e.g. Japanese Patent Publication Shou60-38682 and Japanese Patent Publication Shou60-38683).
It is necessary that isolation between respective transmitting bands should be large enough even though one filter can transmit blue, green and red wavelength regions. Furthermore, it is required that even one filter can carry out color separation so that color separation and color reproduction with high fidelity can be accomplished.
The present invention is put into practice in the light of the circumstance mentioned above and intended to provide a highly reliable multi-bandpass filter having sufficient isolation between a plurality of transmission bands, which can separate surely a plurality of lights with different wavelength regions through one filter and carry out multiplexing and demultiplexing without decreasing the quality of communication in e.g. the wavelength multiplexing system of the optical communication. It is also intended to provide a filter concerning three primary colors in the image and color fields.


A cell of an integrated circuit dedicated to a microprocessor, the cell comprising a data input/output circuit connected to a communications network working according to at least two different protocols called the DDC1 and I2C protocols and a control circuit provided with a sequencer, the control circuit being managed by the sequencer, the control circuit communicating with a control bus of the microprocessor and with the data input/output circuit; wherein the cell comprises a logic circuit which enforces the state of the sequencer as a function of an information element which identifies which of said protocols is being used.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a DDC integrable interface cell dedicated to a microprocessor. This invention can be used especially in integrated circuits dedicated to a microprocessor to manage serial communications protocols defined by the DDC standard.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
The DDC standard of the VESA committee defines serial communications protocols. There are several communications protocols, among them DDC1, DDC2B, DDC2AB. The DDC2B and DDC2AB protocols use identical hardware communications means covered by the name I2C. By extension, the term I2C protocol shall be used hereinafter in this document to designate the protocols DDC2B and DDC2AB. The major differences between the DDC1 and I2C protocols are:
the DDC1 protocol clock is represented by a synchronous signal Vsync and the I2C protocol clock is represented by an asynchronous signal SCL, and PA1 the exchange of data elements is unidirectional for the DDC1 protocol and bidirectional for the I2C protocol. PA1 a first data input/output circuit connected to a data bus of the microprocessor, PA1 a second data input/output circuit connected to a communications network working according to at least two different protocols called the DDC1 and I2C protocols, PA1 a data processing circuit between the first data input/output circuit and the second data input/output circuit, and PA1 a control circuit comprising a sequencer, the control circuit being sequenced by the sequencer, the control circuit communicating with a control bus of the microprocessor, the control circuit also communicating with the second data input/output circuit, PA1 wherein said cell comprises a logic circuit to enforce the state of the sequencer as a function of an information element pertaining to the nature of the protocol used.
There already exists an interface cell dedicated to the I2C protocols. This cell which permits transfers according to the DDC2B and DDC2AB protocols is used in applications of communications between a microprocessor, for example that of a microcomputer, and peripherals such as a keyboard, mouse or the like. The I2C protocols permit a transfer between two peripherals by means of a peripheral addressing system from a master to a slave. The DDC2B protocol enables a master to address one of many slaves. The DDC2AB protocol improves the system by proposing the possibility of using a multiple-master mode that authorizes several masters following the same type of exchange.
The DDC standard of the VESA committee has defined the possibility of using a DDC1 protocol simultaneously with a I2C protocol through the use of common means. However, at present, there is no interface cell enabling the simultaneous use of the DDC1 and I2C protocols. The conversion of an already existing I2C cell into a DDC1 cell is not very practical in principle, in view of the scale of the problems raised.

Dedicated DDC integrable multimode communications cell


A mobile communication terminal with a NAND flash memory is described. The terminal includes a memory for storing address information indicative of a start address of a specific area including boot data to be read from the NAND flash memory; and a sub-controller for determining whether a predetermined block including the boot data of the NAND flash memory is a bad block incapable of being booted, requesting transmission of the address information from a main controller when the predetermined block is determined to be the bad block, and reading the boot data from the predetermined block of the NAND flash memory corresponding to the address information transmitted from the main controller. The main controller detects the address information stored in the memory upon receiving the transmission request of the address information from the sub-controller, and transmits the detected address information to the sub-controller.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mobile communication terminal, and more particularly to a mobile communication terminal including a NAND flash memory and a method for booting the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, a mobile communication terminal adapts a flash memory as a storage unit for storing codes, fonts, and contents. Representative flash memories are a NOR flash memory and a NAND flash memory.
The flash memory may be read or written in page units, or may be deleted in block page units (i.e., in units of several pages). In the case of 32 MB flash memory, a single page is composed of 512 bytes+16 bytes (i.e., a spare area), a single block is composed of 32 pages, and an overall flash memory is composed of 2048 blocks.
Memories manufactured by Intel or Fujitsu Corporations, etc. are NOR types, each of which has fewer errors, excellent data stability, and a semipermanent life span, such that they have been used mainly as a data storage medium of mobile communication terminals.
However, the current mobile communication terminal includes a camera, generates/stores images, gains access to the Internet to download multimedia data such as ringtones, and stores or transmits the downloaded data, whereas the old mobile communication terminal has established a telephone call and an SMS (Short Message Service) message with a called party, such that there is a need for a mass storage memory to support the aforementioned functions. With the increasing amount of data being stored in the memory of the mobile communication terminal, a large number of NAND flash memories, developed for use in digital cameras requiring mass storage data, have been increasingly applied to either the 2.5 generation mobile communication terminal and the third generation mobile communication terminal. Microsoft Corporation, OS (Operating System) development company, has recently designed an improved OS capable of supporting the NAND flash memory of such mobile communication terminals. This development is making the NAND flash memory increasingly popular.
The NAND flash memory is superior to a NOR flash memory in price, storage capacity, and response time. In other words, NAND is cheaper, larger, and faster. However, it also has disadvantages in that it increases power consumption of a mobile communication terminal as compared to the NOR flash memory and requires an SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) or an SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) to transmit data.
Internal configuration of the NAND flash memory is classified into a main area and a spare area. The main area stores used data or a code image, and the spare area stores its own ECC (Error Correction Code) and a separate ECC associated with the main area. In this case, the reason why the ECC is stored in the spare area is that a bit error of at least one or two bits may occur when reading/writing data from/on the NAND flash memory, whereas the NAND flash memory has advantages in that it is a low-priced and mass storage memory. If the bit error is determined to be a 1-bit error indicative of a correctable error, the mobile communication terminal corrects the 1-bit error such that it records the corrected data. If the bit error is determined to be more than a 2-bit error indicative of a uncorrectable error, the mobile communication terminal marks a bad block on the spare area, such that it prevents the bad block from being used in the future.
The bad block is classified into an initial bad block and a run-time bad block. The initial bad block is indicative of a block generated when a memory cell is broken during an initial fabrication time of the NAND flash memory. The run-time block is indicative of a bad block generated when the NAND flash memory is used.
If a bad block occurs in a specific position where code is stored when the mobile communication terminal stores not data but the code, unexpected problems are encountered. If a first value of the position where the code is stored is changed to a second value, it is impossible to predict operations of the mobile communication terminal at a position, where the first value has been changed to the second value, while the mobile communication terminal reads/executes the code.
Particularly, if a bad block occurs in an area where a boot code is stored, a mobile communication terminal including the NAND flash memory cannot be used even though it is sold in the market place. In more detail, the boot code stored in a storage unit and is executed when the mobile communication terminal is powered on, it receives image data (e.g., application code, font, binary content, etc.) from a computer (e.g., a personal computer), and stores the received image data in the NAND flash memory in such a way that it can download such image data from the computer. As a result, if the bad block occurs in the area where the boot code is stored, the mobile communication terminal including the NAND flash memory cannot be used. Typically, there is a need for the mobile communication terminal to include the aforementioned booting and download functions.
Additionally, the mobile communication terminal is classified into a single-chip (i.e., a modem chip) configuration and a dual-chip (i.e., a modem chip and an application chip) configuration. General booting operations at a time when the mobile communication terminal uses the NAND flash memory are as follows:
A controller for controlling the NAND flash memory exists in a processor (also called a control unit) of a mobile communication terminal. The NAND flash memory controller includes an internal buffer, a control register, and a boot H/W (Hardware) logic. If the mobile communication terminal is powered on, the NAND flash memory controller is operated. If the boot hardware logic contained in the NAND flash memory controller reads data of several kbytes from among data stored in the NAND flash memory's predetermined block currently storing boot data, and stores the read data in the internal buffer, the read boot data is operated. Generally, the block for storing the boot data is determined to be the 0-th block.
However, if a page number or block number indicative of an operation target is mistakenly transmitted (e.g., the page number or block number is determined to be '0' and is then transmitted) so that the 0-th block is unexpectedly erased when the mobile communication terminal erases or records desired data on the NAND flash memory, the boot data must be rewritten to boot the mobile communication terminal. If a specific block (i.e., the 0-th block) for storing the booting information of the NAND flash memory is erased when the mobile communication terminal is booted, it is impossible to boot the mobile communication terminal. Furthermore, it is also impossible to boot the mobile communication terminal even when a run-time bad block occurs in the 0-th block during the operation time of the mobile communication terminal.

Mobile communication terminal including NAND flash memory and method for booting the same


A product search engine uses web-crawling software to index textual webpage content from multiple internet sources. The product data obtained from the web-crawling process is then granulized by parsing methods into key words, such as, words and/or phrases. These components are compared with existing key words from search queries or webpage content. Each key word includes component tags, where the component tags map each component to product classification information in the form of structural parameters; and other product information such as, URLs, product images and product descriptions. When at least one matching key word is found, structural parameters are extracted from the matching components and assigned to the received key words. A search results webpage including product information grouped by associated structural parameter may be provided.

An internet-based product searching service (or "search engine") allows users to search for products and services offered for sale by manufacturers and retailers. The search service can be deployed as an independent search service website capable of aggregating product information from multiple online merchants, or an internal search engine section for a retailer's website. For simplicity, online or physical store merchants, such as, "retailers," "manufacturers," "re-sellers," "service providers," and "auction sites" will be used as inter-changeable terms in this disclosure, and are herein referred to as "merchants." "Products" and "services" are also used inter-changeably for purposes of simplicity in this disclosure, and are herein referred to as "products."
An end-user can use a client computer to input a search query for a product via a search engine website or the search engine section of a merchant website. The search query is transmitted to a backend computing device for processing. The backend computing device generates a list of search results responsive to the search query by matching each search query to the product information in a product database. The search results are sent to the client computer, and may include hyperlinked product descriptions, images, and/or other interactive information that is responsive to the search query.
Merchants typically design individual webpages for each of their products, and implement software-coded description tags for each product webpage within the merchant website. A search query for product information from a client computing device is matched to one or more product webpages using the description tags of the webpages on a product database. When matching product webpages are identified, the backend computing device generates a search results webpage that includes a list of matching products from the identified webpages. Generally, for each product in the list, the webpage includes a hyperlinked product name (hyperlinked to a product webpage), a product image, and a brief description of the product. The hyperlinked product name is selectable to direct the end-user to the product webpage for more detailed product description.
The product database, which includes such information as the hyperlink information to product webpages, the product names, and brief descriptions of the products, is generated and updated by a software module on a different or the same backend computing device as described above. This product database is stored on the backend computing device for access during the processing of the received search query. A software module generates product data by initiating a data mining operation to automatically mine for product information from various merchant websites. Software agents of the backend computing device may automatically populate the product database by discovering content from product webpages, or a person may manually populate the product database using a product catalog, for example, a web-crawler software agent for tracking webpage changes in internet websites can be used to populate the product database. Exemplary content indexed by a web-crawler includes webpage uniform resource locators (URLs), meta-tags, images, and textual objects.
Traditional product search engines incorrectly derive product information from the web-crawler data. Several aspects of the product information are generally different for each merchant. As an example, merchants offer different product descriptions and product categories to establish a unique website interface. This varied classification of product data across different merchants results in erroneous or conflicting product information when the product data is aggregated by a search.

Mining for product classification structures for internet-based product searching


A rubber compound having a low coefficient of restitution which remains constant over a wide temperature range of from about 40.degree. C. to about -40.degree. C. Such compounds include from about 30 to 50 parts by weight natural rubber, from about 35 to 55 parts by weight of a high styrene, SBR masterbatch and from about 10 to 20 parts by weight halogenated butyl rubber to total 100 parts by weight, and from 30 to 45 parts by weight of a plasticizer, per 100 parts by weight of rubber. Hockey pucks and other articles are manufactured from the rubber compounds having the low, consistent coefficient of restitution and act like "dead" objects that have consistently little bounce. The rubber compounds which comprise the pucks and other articles may be black or colorable and may have additional surface materials thereon to improve the visual qualities of the puck so that it can be more readily visible on video.

Hockey pucks are rubber disks having a thickness of about one inch, a diameter of about three inches, and weighing about six ounces. Various rubber compositions for hockey pucks have been devised over the years with most, if not all, of these compositions including natural and synthetic rubber at a ratio of about 1 to 9 as their basic ingredients.
Desirably, hockey pucks should exhibit the quality of being "dead" objects on the ice. That is, the pucks should have little or no bounce to them. Such bounciness is determined by the coefficient of restitution exhibited by the puck. The lower the coefficient of restitution, the less bounce the puck will have. Thus, the puck, upon hitting an object such as the ice rink wall, will drop to the ice rather than rebounding quickly from the wall.
Heretofore, hockey pucks have had to be frozen prior to a game in order to lower the coefficient of restitution. However, during the game, the pucks warm up and therefore, the coefficient of restitution increases, resulting in the same adverse properties which were initially eliminated with the freezing of the puck. Desirably, the puck should have the same consistent rebound and bounce no matter what the temperature of the rubber puck is.
Notwithstanding the disadvantages associated with freezing them, the pucks of the prior art have also been known to chip or peel during play. As the pucks are used over and over, they have a tendency to chip or be cut during use. Thus, it would be desirable to produce a puck which exhibits superior cut strength and increases chip and abrasion resistance as compared to other pucks of the prior art. More importantly, it is desirable to produce such a puck which would display little or no change in these properties no matter what the temperature and other conditions are.
Difficulty is often experienced by spectators of hockey games in seeking to track the puck. The problem is accentuated when the game is viewed through electronic media such as television. Accordingly, there is a need to make hockey pucks of a more visible nature. It is noted from an article in the Oct. 8, 1990 edition of Sports Illustrated (Vol. 73, Issue 15) that various colored pucks have been attempted. Many have been painted, but the paint came off under game conditions. Plastic coatings were used, but were too costly. Dyes were used, but faded or caused the puck to warp. Others became mushy and bounced unpredictably upon extensive use. However, the rubber composition of the puck is believed to be at least partially to blame for the problems associated with colored pucks. Therefore, a rubber composition for a puck which is not affected by the incorporation of coloring pigments or dyes and/or permits adhesion of visual materials and coatings to the surface thereof is believed to be highly desirable.


Methods and apparatus to report link quality measurements for downlink dual carrier operation are disclosed. Example methods and apparatus disclosed herein implement one or more example techniques for reporting link quality measurements involving, for example, modifying measurement reporting messages to increase the number and/or types of link quality measurements that can be reported, permitting mobile stations, when appropriate, to use different reporting messages capable of supporting more link quality measurements, and/or prioritizing certain link quality measurements to be reported when the reporting messages do not contain sufficient space to report all requested and/or specified link quality measurements.

In a global system for mobile communications (GSM) system supporting enhanced general packet radio service (EGPRS), the network can utilize different modulation coding schemes for downlink and uplink packet data transmissions to, for example, adjust to changes in link quality. While the network can directly measure link quality of the uplink packet data transmissions, the network uses link quality measurements reported from mobile stations to determine link quality of the downlink packet data transmissions. An EGPRS-capable mobile station can report link quality measurements to the network using different types of packet downlink ack/nack messages, such as an EGPRS PACKET DOWNLINK ACK/NACK message (for EGPRS mode) or an EGPRS PACKET DOWNLINK ACK/NACK TYPE 2 message (for EGPRS2 mode). In the case of downlink dual carrier operation in which the EGPRS-capable mobile station is receiving packet data transmission on both a primary carrier and a secondary carrier, link quality measurements for the secondary carrier are reported in an extension information element of the EGPRS PACKET DOWNLINK ACK/NACK message or the EGPRS PACKET DOWNLINK ACK/NACK TYPE 2 message.


A pad forming process forms a stack of sheets, each sheet bearing adhesive on at least a portion of one side thereof. A sheet cutting die is provided having sheet collection cavity therein. A web comprising a linerless elongated sheeting having one side at least partially covered with an adhesive is advanced past the die. The die cuts the web to form a first cut sheet which is retained within the sheet collection cavity of the die. The web continues to advance past the die. The die then cuts the web to form a second cut sheet from the web which is retained within the sheet collection cavity of the die, wherein the second cut sheet adheres to the first cut sheet within the sheet collection cavity to form a stack of sheets.

The present invention relates to a process for forming a stack of sheets, one adhered to another, and to an apparatus for cutting web sheeting into a particularly shaped cut sheet to form the stack.
Repositionable sheets, such as the Post-it® brand notes, flags, tags, labels, and tape sold by 3M Company of St. Paul, Minn., are quite common and in everyday use. Such repositionable articles in familiar form are available in stacks or pads of sheets, one adhered to another. A repositionable note sheet has a first side which is partially coated with a repositionable pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) and a second side which, when viewed from that side, is either plain (no printing) or has a preprinted message or design thereon. Such a repositionable article is useful for calling attention to a particular section of a document, for marking a page in a document or book, or for leaving a removable and repositionable article that can be adhered to just about any clean surface.
Stacks of sheets using non-repositionable adhesive that is activated once an individual sheet is removed from the stack are available as well. Examples of such uses include, labels or tape using pressure sensitive adhesive which is non-repositionable.
Z-fold stacks of either notes or flags is one common method of stacking pads. A typical manner of packaging tape flags in a Z-fold fashion is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,770,320, which is incorporated by reference. Various other dispensable sheet material stacks are known in the art, including those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,416,392, 4,781,306, and 5,417,345, which are incorporated herein by reference. Z-folded tape flags, and other repositionable articles, include alternate sheets with adhesive adjacent a common edge and the remaining sheets have adhesive adjacent an opposite edge as the alternate sheets. Such Z-folded stacks are useful for dispensing repositionable articles in dispensers. Relative movement is afforded between a top wall of the dispenser and an uppermost sheet to afford, as the uppermost sheet is pulled through a dispensing slot, alignment of the slot with successive portions of the uppermost sheet toward a second end as the successive portions are peeled from the stack. In a final relative position between the top wall and the uppermost sheet, the dispensing slot is along the second end portion of that sheet and the first end portion of the underlying sheet to cause movement of the first end portion of the underlying sheets through the slot. The second end portion of the uppermost sheet leaves the first end portion of the underlying sheet projecting through the slot after the uppermost sheet is removed.
A process is desired in the art for forming a stack of sheets from a continuously running integral webs of material and processing directly into the shaped pad, rather than forming the pad and then cutting the pad to the desired shape.


A magnetic latch assembly includes a latch member movably mounted to a first object such as a door, and a retainer arranged in a second, opposing object such as a door frame. The latch member includes a latch arm, a hook formed on the distal end of the latch arm, and a first magnet mounted in the hook. The retainer includes a housing with a cavity and a second magnet. The cavity includes a first horizontal passage and a second vertical passage communicated with the horizontal passage. The second magnet has a magnetic pole of opposite polarity from the magnetic pole of the first magnet. When the first and second objects are relatively moved toward each other, the latch arm is moved into the first passage of the cavity. When the latch head is completely received in the first passage, the two magnets are operatively associated to cause the latch member to be moved from the horizontal passage to the vertical passage and urge the latch member or head into latching engagement with one end of the housing which serves as a retainer.

The present invention generally relates to locking devices and more particularly to, a magnetic latch assembly for selectively locking and unlocking doors, lids or other similar closures.
Various magnetic latches have heretofore been proposed and implemented to secure doors, container lids, cabinets in a closed position. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 2,673,111 discloses a magnetic door catch adapted for use on cabinet doors of the blind panel type. The magnetic door catch includes a magnetically permeable metal or armature plate secured to the inner surface of a door and a magnet unit pivotably mounted to a door jamb opposing the door. The magnet unit has an elongated frame in which a magnet is mounted. When the door is in its open position, the magnet unit hangs on a straight slant with the bottom end of the housing disposed inwardly from the front face of the door jamb. When the door is moved to its closed position, the magnetic attraction between the armature plate and the magnet causes the entire magnet unit to pivot to a substantially vertical position. In that position, the armature plate and the magnet are attracted to one another to hold the door in its closed position. To open the door, the door is pushed inwardly until the armature plate comes into contact with the door jamb. This causes the magnet to be dislodged from the armature plate. A spring is disposed in the magnet unit and is adapted to be deflected or compressed rearwardly when the armature plate is positioned in contact with the door jamb. When the pressure on the door is abruptly released, the spring urges the door toward its open position.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,035,451 discloses a magnetic latch which includes a latch arm pivotably mounted to a door and having a hook at its one end and a spring leg at its other end. A flat magnet and a retainer in the form of a hook are attached to a cabinet. In the event of a disturbance such as an earthquake, the latch arm is pivotably moved in an upward direction and attracted to the magnet. If the door is moved further in an outward direction, the latch arm is brought into latching engagement with the retainer to prevent the slippage of the contents of the cabinet.
Many of conventional latch assemblies are complicate in structure and have various moving parts.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a magnetic latch assembly which is simple in structure and can smoothly and effectively latch two relatively movable objects.


A washing machine is provided. The washing machine may include a casing, an outer tub, and a suspension. The suspension may include a support rod, a cap, a first elastic member, and a friction damper. The support rod may be connected to the casing at one end thereof. The support rod may penetrate the cap, and the cap may move upward and downward along the support rod according to an amount of vibration of the outer tub. The support rod may penetrate the first elastic member, which may elastically support the cap. The friction damper may be movably provided along the support rod and generate a certain frictional force with the support rod.

1. Field
This relates to a washing machine, and more particularly, to a washing machine including a suspension.
2. Background
Generally, a washing machine includes an outer tub provided in a cabinet and an inner tub capable of rotating in the outer tub to wash laundry loaded in the inner tub. Stable operation of the washing machine may be enhanced by absorbing vibration according to a degree of vibration.

Washing machine with a suspension having a friction damper


A waterproof structure of a casing has a case body and a cover pivotally mounted on the case body. The case body has a recess, a water collecting sump defined in the recess and two abutting protrusions respectively formed on two opposite inner sidewalls of the case body. The cover has an outer shell, and an inner stop and two side stops formed on an inner surface of the outer shell. When the cover pivots to cover the recess of the case body, the inner stop and the side stops prevent moisture and dust from entering the case body from a clearance formed between a pivot edge of the outer shell and the water collecting side surface of the case body.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a waterproof structure of a casing and, especially, to a waterproof structure that prevents moisture and dust from entering a casing from where a case body and a cover of the casing pivotally connect to each other.
2. Description of the Prior Art(s)
A smart card, such as a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory card or the like, is inserted in a portable electronic device, such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a digital camera, a personal digital assistant (PDA) or the like, to allow the portable electronic device to read data stored in the smart card.
A conventional electronic device has a case body and a cover. The case body has a slot formed in the case body. The cover selectively covers the slot of the case body. Preferably, the cover has a pivot edge pivotally connected to the case body. Thus, when the cover pivots to reveal the slot, the smart card is capable of being inserted into the slot of the case body to connect with electronic elements in the conventional electronic device. Then the cover pivots reversely to cover the slot of the case body so the smart card is stored in the slot of the case body.
However, since the cover is pivotally mounted on the case body, a clearance of about 0.3 millimeter (mm) between the pivot edge of the cover and the case body has to be reserved to allow the cover to pivot relative to the case body. Thus, moisture and dust inevitably enter the case body through the clearance and damage the electronic elements inside the case body. Consequently, the conventional electronic device is unable to pass an electro static discharge (ESD) test.
To overcome the shortcomings, the present invention provides a waterproof structure of a casing to mitigate or obviate the aforementioned problems.


A detecting circuit and a configuration status detecting method of a Real-Time Clock (RTC) battery and an electronic apparatus using the same are provided. The detecting circuit includes a power capturing unit, a voltage dividing unit and an output unit. The power capturing unit couples to a power supply output terminal of the RTC battery and captures a power supply signal from the power supply output terminal in response to a detecting-controlled signal. The voltage dividing unit couples to the power capturing unit and is configured to divide the power supply signal captured by the power capturing unit to generate a dividing signal. The output unit couples to the voltage dividing unit to receive the dividing signal, where the output unit generates a detecting result signal related to a configuration status of the RTC battery according to the dividing signal.

Field of the Application
The invention relates to a detection technology of an electronic apparatus, and more particularly, to a detecting circuit and a configuration status detecting method of a Real-Time Clock (RTC) battery and an electronic apparatus using the same.
Description of Related Art
In an electronic apparatus, in order to ensure that system date and time information can be continuously calculated in an shut-down state, or prevent some important information from being cleared following System Shutdown, a separate battery is commonly configured on a motherboard of the electronic apparatus for supplying power to electronic components with specific functions, such as a Real-Time Clock Chip (RTC Chip) configured to calculate the system time and a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor RAM (CMOS RAM) configured to store system parameter settings (i.e., BIOS setting), so as to achieve effects of sustainable operations during the System Shutdown. And, this type of battery is commonly referred as a Real-Time Clock (RTC) battery.
In the process of assembling electronic apparatus, the RTC battery may fall off from the motherboard or result in an abnormal connection with other circuit elements/lines when being affected by the impact of external forces, thereby causing the RTC battery unable to properly supply power to the corresponding electronic component. And, this would result in abnormal operation of electronic apparatus.
Under a general detection procedure of the electronic apparatus, an inspector can only ensure whether the abnormal condition is caused by the falling off of the RTC battery through a teardown inspection approach when finding the operation of the electronic apparatus to be abnormal. However, actions of the teardown inspection inevitably reduce efficiency of the inspection process and bring extra workload inspector. In addition, in the process of teardown inspection, other components of the electronic apparatus may also be damaged due to other anthropogenic causes.

Detecting circuit and configuration status detecting method of real-time clock battery and electronic apparatus using the same