A composition which is suitable as a replacement for chocolate comprises: at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of cocoa-derived materials and sugars; and at least 25% by weight of a fat phase, said fat phase comprising at least 60% by weight of the fat phase of a triglyceride mixture of the (H2M+M2H) type, wherein H is selected from saturated fatty acids having at least 16 carbon atoms and monounsaturated fatty acids having 18 carbon atoms and M is selected from saturated fatty acids having from 8 to 14 carbon atoms, and the triglyceride mixture comprises said monounsaturated fatty acids having 18 carbon atoms at a level of between 3 and 25% by weight based on total fatty acids. The composition may be used to coat bakery products.

This invention relates to a composition, to bakery products coated with the composition, to a method of forming a coated bakery product and to the use of the composition for coating a bakery product.
Bakery products such as donuts, cakes, cookies, biscuits and pastries are often coated with a layer of chocolate. The coating can be partial or complete. Although the coating can be chocolate, it is sometimes preferable to use a chocolate composition that contains triglycerides as anti-bloom agents.
Chocolate compositions that have increased resistance to blooming are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,324,533, 5,476,676, 5,576,045 and 5,554,408. The compositions contain triglyceride mixtures of the H2M or (H2M+M2H) type, where H is a relatively long chain saturated fatty acid containing 16 to 24 carbon atoms and M is a shorter chain saturated fatty acid containing 10 to 14 carbon atoms. Bloom-inhibited chocolate is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,979,407 and 3,491,677.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,431,948 describes bloom-inhibiting fat blends. The blends are of two or three components including an (H2M+M2H) type triglyceride and a triglyceride component which contains unsaturated carboxylic acids.
Non-temper confectionery fats are disclosed in EP-A-0555917 and EP-A-0536824.
EP-A-0089082 relates to a margarine fat blend comprising a liquid oil and a hardstock. The hardstock can be used for producing diet margarines. EP-A-1159877 discloses a trans free structural hard fat for margarine blend and spreads. There is no disclosure of any other application of the fat.
There is no disclosure in the documents mentioned above of a composition which is suitable as a replacement for chocolate in which a triglyceride of the (H2M+M2H) type contains H groups that have unsaturation. Throughout this specification and contrary to the terminology sometimes used in the art and in the documents mentioned above, H refers to fatty acids selected from saturated fatty acids having at least 16 carbon atoms and monounsaturated fatty acids having 18 carbon atoms. Surprisingly, it has been found that such triglycerides are advantageous when used in compositions for replacing chocolate, particularly, but not exclusively, when used as coatings for bakery products.


A humeral endoprosthesis for partially or completely replacing the humerus has a spherical head portion which is connected to an elongate distal shaft portion. The spherical head includes openings for fixing a number of ligaments. Distally of the opening a groove is formed around the circumference of the head for receiving a band made of body compatible material.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an endoprosthesis for partly or completely replacing the humerus. More particularly, it relates to a humeral prosthesis adapted to be easily connected to the shoulder ligament.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A humeral endoprosthesis is disclosed in German Patent DE-GM 88 14 434. This endoprosthesis comprises a humerus head portion having a distal end including an inner cone. For a complete replacement, the humeral head portion is connected to a shaft comprising a pair of elongate shaft portions which may be axially connected to each other and which shaft is secured to the distal joint portion through a tapered joint. For a partial replacement the distal end of the shaft is connected to a portion of the humerus not resected. Below the spherical head of the head portion a number of openings are provided for securing bands or, respectively, tissue portions forming the articulate capsule.


A novel utility knife in which the parts for securing and replacing the cutting blade are selectively movable in and out of the handle of the knife via a single track system. The blade is secured through a series of elastic metal sheets, one of which contains a projection on a metal tab. The lateral manipulation of the metal tab allows the blade to disengage from the metal sheets. Once disengaged, a user of the utility knife may remove or replace the cutting blade.

At present, a cutting tool widely used in both the industry and the household construction is a handheld instrument with a blade commonly referred to as a utility knife. A utility knife generally has an elongated fixed handle, which is equipped with a sliding mechanism which can control the expansion of a cutting blade. The blade used by a utility knife is generally movable in and out of the elongated handle. Additionally, the handle typically houses the means for securing the blade. The rigidity of the elongated handle coupled with the placement of the securing mechanism within the handle has made the replacement of the cutting blade difficult.
In addition to the difficulty of blade replacement, the sliding mechanism of a utility knife generally includes a double guided rail and a column pulley system. This type of system has the shortcoming of producing a sliding of the fixed blade which lacks smoothness. Furthermore, the sliding mechanism and the means for securing the cutting blade cannot be extended from the elongated handle creating the need for a longer utility knife. A longer utility knife makes the tool less convenient to be used and carried.


An eyebrow template can be used to apply makeup to a person's eyebrows. The template has a saddle that is shaped to be placed against the bridge of the person's nose. The template also has a pair of guides each attached to the saddle and each having a guide opening for guiding the application of makeup to the person's eyebrows. After placing the saddle against the bridge of the person's nose the templates are adjusted to outline the person's eyebrows. Then makeup is applied to the person's eyebrows using the templates to guide the makeup application.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to templates for guiding the application of makeup onto eyebrows.
2. Description of Related Art
Correctly applying makeup to the eyebrows with an eyebrow pencil or other device requires a great deal of skill. Often the eyebrow makeup will be applied to give the eyebrow a different shape or appearance. Relatively short eyebrows can be made to appear longer; thin eyebrows can be made to appear thicker; eyebrows with a non-distinctive shape can be given a very dramatic flair, and so forth. Creating these special appearances not only requires some artistic talent, but also demands high precision because the human eye will quickly notice small differences between a pair of eyebrows. Accordingly, there have been many attempts in the past to produce a satisfactory template that can conveniently and effectively guide the application of makeup to eyebrows.
Conventional stencils can be adhesively secured around a person's eyebrows. Adhesives are generally inconvenient, but even if the template is held in place by hand, this reduces the room available for the other hand that is applying makeup to the eyebrow. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,860,433 and 6,336,462; and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/00234028.
Some eyebrow stencils are held in place with a headband. A headband can muss a hairdo and is rather awkward and embarrassing to use in a restaurant's restroom or other public facility. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,718,145; 5,186,190 and 5,662,129.
U.S. Design Patent 291,607 shows a tree-like structure, but its usefulness as an eyebrow template is unclear.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,118,870 an eyebrow guide has an arm 21 that can be adjusted with two degrees of freedom in order to set the height and angle of the eyebrow contour guide. However, arm 21 will cover one eye. Also, this guide cannot be conveniently used to fix the guide with relation to the person's face since it is free to move relative to the face.
See also U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,300,864 and 1,566,661; and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0015214.
Accordingly, there is a need for an improved device that will guide the application of makeup to eyebrows in an effective and efficient manner.

Template and method for applying makeup to eyebrows


A hydroxyl-containing monomer of formula (1) is provided wherein R1 is H, F, methyl or trifluoromethyl, R2 and R3 are monovalent C1-C15 hydrocarbon groups, or R2 and R3 may form an aliphatic ring. The monomers are useful for the synthesis of polymers which have high transparency to radiation of up to 500 nm and the effect of controlling acid diffusion so that the polymers may be used as a base resin to formulate radiation-sensitive resist compositions having a high resolution.

While a number of recent efforts are being made to achieve a finer pattern rule in the drive for higher integration and operating speeds in LSI devices, deep-ultraviolet lithography is thought to hold particular promise as the next generation in microfabrication technology. In particular, photolithography using a KrF, ArF or F2 laser as the light source is strongly desired to reach the practical level as the micropatterning technique capable of achieving a feature size of 0.3 μm or less. In these lithography processes, resist materials comprising various alkali-soluble resins as the base resin are used.
For resist materials for use in the KrF laser lithography, in fact, polyhydroxystyrene resins become the standard. For ArF resist materials, studies are made on poly(meth)acrylate resins utilizing carboxyl groups as the alkali soluble group and polymers of cycloaliphatic olefins such as norbornene. Of these, poly(meth)acrylate resins are practically used because of ease of polymerization.
As for the poly(meth)acrylate, JP-A 9-90637 proposes a combination of methyladamantyl(meth)acrylate as acid labile group-containing recurring units with lactone ring-containing (meth)acrylate as adhesive group-containing recurring units. JP-A 2000-327633 discloses an acid labile group having an exo-isomer of a tertiary alkyl group of alkylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptanol form. This acid labile group is easily acid eliminatable, requires only low activation energy for acid elimination, and provides for a high resolution and less dependence on post-exposure baking (PEB). As the adhesive groups with enhanced etching resistance, JP-A 2000-26446 and JP-A 2000-159758 propose (meth)acrylate units having norbornane-lactone and oxanorbornane-lactone, respectively. These works resulted in ArF resist materials having significantly improved resolution. Also, JP-A 2003-113213 discloses a ternary polymer comprising acid labile group units, lactone units, and hydroxyl-containing recurring units as derived from 3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl(meth)acrylate, for controlling the diffusion within a resist film of the acid generated by the photoacid generator upon exposure. This polymer is also useful as a base resin in resist materials.
While the control of acid diffusion within resist film is indispensable to maintain various process margins, typically exposure latitude (EL) and mask error enhancement factor (MEEF), and to establish high resolution resists, the 3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl(meth)acrylate units have the drawbacks of lower resist sensitivity and pattern collapse due to excessive swelling. There is a desire to have novel acid diffusion control units.
Citation List                Patent Document 1: JP-A H09-90637        Patent Document 2: JP-A 2000-327633 (U.S. Pat. No. 6,448,420, EP 1053986B1)        Patent Document 3: JP-A 2000-26446        Patent Document 4: JP-A 2000-159758 (U.S. Pat. No. 6,280,898)        Patent Document 5: JP-A 2003-113213

Hydroxyl-containing monomer, polymer, resist composition, and patterning process


Multilayer films of polyamide and polypropylene which have good layer adhesion and are suitable for a back cover of a solar module are provided. In a first embodiment, the multilayer film contains in the order listed: a) a layer containing at least 35% by weight, of polyamide; c) a layer containing at least 35% by weight of a polypropylene; and e) a layer containing at least 35% by weight, of polyamide; wherein the layer c) further comprises a polypropylene having acid anhydride groups or a polypropylene compatible functionalized polyolefin having functional groups to adhere the layer c) to each of layers a) and e). In a second embodiment adhesion promoter layers are present between the respective polyamide and polypropylene layers.

The invention relates to the use of a multilayer film with polyamide and polypropylene layers for the production of solar modules.
Solar modules, frequently also referred to as photovoltaic modules, serve for electrical power generation from sunlight and consist of a laminate which comprises a solar cell system as the core layer. This core layer is encased with encapsulation materials which serve as protection against mechanical and weathering-related influences.
In conventional solar modules, the active solar cell is positioned between a front cover and a back cover. The front cover is transparent, generally consists of glass; and is bonded by means of an adhesion promoter layer which often contains an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer to the layer comprising the solar cell. The back cover provides electric shielding, serves as protection against weathering influences such as UV light and acts as a moisture barrier.
Film composites composed of fluoropolymer films and polyester may conventionally be employed as a back cover. The fluoropolymer film on the outside provides weathering resistance, while the polyester film is utilized to obtain mechanical stability and electrical insulation properties. A further fluoropolymer film on the inside serves for attachment to the sealing layer of the solar cell system. However, such fluoropolymer films have only low adhesion to the sealing layer which is used as embedding material for the solar cells themselves. In addition, the fluoropolymer film contributes to electrical insulation only to a minor degree, which results in the need to use a comparatively thick polyester film.
WO 2008138022 therefore proposes replacing the two fluoropolymer films in such composites with films of nylon-12 (PA12). In a development thereof, WO 2011066595 proposes that the solar cell-facing thermoplastic layer comprise a light-reflecting filler such as titanium dioxide, while the solar cell-remote thermoplastic layer comprise a second filler such as glass fibres, wollastonite or mica, which brings about a higher thermal conductivity of this layer. Illustrative thermoplastics come from the group of the polyamides, polyesters or blends of polyamide and polyolefin. Explicit mention is made of PA11, PA12 and PA1010, and blends thereof with polyolefins.
The combination of polyamide layers and polypropylene layers in an assembly of this kind would be of advantage on account of the very good electrical insulation properties. However, such a thermoplastic combination does not achieve sufficient adhesion of the layers.

Multilayer film having polyamide and polypropylene layers


A see-through augmented reality system is disclosed. The system includes a head-wearable frame and a lens. The lens has at least one field-of-view (FOV). A sensor is configured to be coupled with respect to a head of a user. The sensor generates sensor data that changes responsive to movements of the head. A display apparatus is mapped to an interior surface of the lens. A controller is coupled to the sensor and to the display apparatus. The controller is configured to determine a current scene within the FOV based at least in part on the sensor data. The controller determines an out-the-window (OTW) scene portion of the current scene and a non-OTW scene portion of the current scene and generates OTW imagery that depicts the OTW scene portion. The controller causes the display apparatus to emit light in accordance with the OTW imagery toward the interior surface of the lens.

Commercial simulators, such as flight simulators, are relatively large systems that require a substantial amount of space. A flight simulator, for example, may include a large dome on which imagery is projected, and may include multiple projectors and image generators, which are costly, require a substantial amount of power, and generate a substantial amount of heat, which in turn increases environmental cooling requirements. As an example, one known flight simulator utilizes 25 projectors, requires a dome that is 20 feet in diameter, and utilizes 314 square feet of space. Such size requirements can limit the locations at which the simulator can be used. The use of a dome may also require special focus adjustments to any heads-up display (HUD) apparatus used in the simulator to make the HUD apparatus focus at the distance of the dome, increasing simulator configuration complexity.
Domeless simulators that utilize virtual reality (VR) headgear suffer a number of problems that detract from realism. For example, VR headgear displays imagery at a same focal length irrespective of whether an object depicted in the imagery is close to the participant, such as the cockpit, or far away from the participant, such as things that may be seen out the cockpit window. Moreover, movements of the participant that would naturally be seen by the participant in a non-VR simulation, such as movement of a cockpit control by the participant's hand, are often not depicted in the imagery even though during such movement the user's hand would come within the field-of-view of the participant if the participant were not wearing the VR headgear.


An exemplary electronic device is in a housing to be gripped by a right hand and a left hand of a user, and has a plurality of manipulable portions. The electronic device includes: electrodes placed at positions which come in contact with the right hand and left hand of the user gripping the housing; an extractor for extracting an electrocardiographic component of the user from a potential difference between the electrodes; a determination section for determining whether the extracted electrocardiographic component is in a positive direction or a negative direction by referring to a prestored criterion; and a change section for, in accordance with a result of determination by the determination section, changing assignment between each of the plurality of manipulable portions and a manipulation signal generated in response to a manipulation.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to an electronic device and an information processing system. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to: an information processing system including a controller which combines a means of measuring a bioelectric potential with a means of manipulating an electronic device and an information processing apparatus, such that, when a user manipulates the information processing apparatus, a bioelectric potential signal of the user can be simultaneously measured; and a method and program for achieving the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, there has been an increasing need for simplified manipulation in information processing systems such as television sets, personal computers, game machines and smartphones. A manipulation means for such things may be a controller. While facing a display device such as a television set, a user may hold a wireless or wired controller, and, through manipulation of the controller, utilize an application that is executed on the information processing system. For example, in a game machine or the like, while a controller is held in both hands, operation buttons that are assigned to both hands are manipulated by the two hands to play a game. In the case where a means of bioelectric potential measurement is also provided, as is contemplated in the present disclosure, it becomes possible to measure an electrocardiogram or the like, thus enabling monitoring of health states, estimation of psychological states during the game, and so on.
However, while the manipulation scheme of manipulating operation buttons by using both hands may permit versatile control, the need for complex and accurate timing-based manipulation makes the scheme susceptible to influences of handedness, e.g., right-handed or left-handed. When a controller is to be held in both hands, right-handedness is the assumed norm; the problem is that this makes the device difficult for a left-handed person to use in manipulations of making up/down/right/left moves. Also from the standpoint of usability, in the case where it is not clearly known how the controller is to be held, the controller may end up being held in the opposite orientation. Such a situation needs to be overcome by an arrangement such that manipulation is equally permitted in the opposite orientation, or a notice to the user that the manner of holding is wrong when the controller is indeed held in the opposite orientation.
Thus, in a scenario where a controller is to be held in both hands, a plurality of manners of holding are conceivable. An ability to detect how it is held would make for an improved operability.
In conventional means of bioelectric potential measurement, it is required that electrodes for potential measurement be accurately mounted, and a method for determining their accurate mounting have been proposed. For example, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication Nos. 2002-233513 and 2009-261723 disclose techniques of issuing a notification of wrong mounting based on the waveform and amplitude of a measured bioelectric potential.

Electronic device, information processing apparatus, information processing method and program

Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd.


A virtual file management system constructed with a plurality of servers and a plurality of terminals that share file services provided by said servers, is that a virtual file management apparatus operating in at least one of said plurality of servers is provided that has: a management table which manages files stored on said plurality of servers by using virtual file identifiers, and in which a server name of a server where real data is stored and a real file identifier in said server are stored as a set for each of said virtual file identifiers; a receiving section which receives a file access request from each of said terminals; a request analyzing section which checks said management table by using the virtual file identifier contained in the file access request received by said receiving section, and thereby determines the server where the real data of the requested file is stored; a transmitting section which transmits data; and a request modification processing section which modifies said file access request so that a response to said file access request can be sent back to the terminal that issued said access request, directly from the server determined by said request analyzing section, and which instructs said transmitting section to transmit said modified file access request to said determined server, and. said plurality of servers each include a request processing section which receives the file access request transmitted from said transmitting section of said virtual file management apparatus, and processes said received file access request, and which transmits the processed result to said terminal at least when said file access request is a request to read file contents.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a virtual file management system that allows sharing of files, for example, in a client/server computing system, and more particularly to a virtual file management system that can be utilized to distribute server workload.
2. Related Art of the Invention
In recent years, storage capacity demanded of a system has been increasing rapidly in order to handle large volumes of data such as video data. With this trend, client/server information processing systems have come to be constructed with a plurality of servers to increase the processing capabilities of the entire system by distributing access requests from terminals (client computers), while securing larger storage capacities with data distributed across the plurality of servers for storage.
In such client/server information processing systems with multiple server computers, since each individual client computer (terminal) is tasked with the management of mount tables, etc. for server computers that it uses, increased complexity of the management becomes a problem.
To solve this problem, Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 5-241934 discloses a method which realizes a system that performs flexible file management to handle the addition of servers and transfer of files. According to this method, a client computer can access files distributed across a plurality of server computers by accessing a single virtual file management system regardless of the actual location of the files. The operation of the virtual file management system disclosed in Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 5-241934 will be described briefly below with reference to relevant drawings.
FIG. 30 is a diagram showing the configuration of the virtual file management system proposed in Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 5-241934, and FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating a flow of operations when a terminal accesses a file stored on a server computer by using the virtual file management system. In FIG. 30, reference numerals 3001a and 3001b designate server computers. Reference numeral 3002 indicates a virtual file management apparatus operating in the server computer 3001a; the apparatus comprises a management table 3003 which manages each of the files stored across the entire system by using a set of attributes consisting of a virtual file identifier, a server identifier, and a real file identifier in the associated server, an access request processing section 3006 which processes file access requests, a receiving section 3007 which receives file access requests, and a transmitting section 3008 which transmits data. Further, reference numerals 3004a and 3004b designate file systems which are managed within the server computers 3001a and 3001b, respectively; 3005 represents request processing sections which process file access requests made to the file systems 3004a and 3005, respectively; and 3009a, 3009b, and 3009c are client computers. The client computers, 3009a, 3009b, and 3009c, and the server computers, 3001a and 3001b, are connected through a network 111, as shown.
The operation of the thus constructed virtual file management system will be described below with reference to FIGS. 30 and 31. Suppose that when the contents of the management table 3003 in the virtual file management apparatus 3002 such as shown in FIG. 32 show that the server identifier is 3001b and the real file identifier is "a" for the virtual file identifier A, a read access request designating the virtual file identifier A is issued from the client computer 3009a. In that case, the receiving section 3007 of the virtual file management apparatus 3002 in the server computer 3001a receives the read access request from the client computer 3009a (step S3101). Next, the access request processing section 3006 checks the management table 3003, and acquires the server identifier 3001b and the real file identifier "a" for the virtual file identifier A (step S3102). Then, a read access request designating the file identifier "a" is issued from the transmitted section 3008 to the server computer 3001b (step S3103). In the server computer 3001b that received the read access request for the file identifier "a", the request processing section 3005 reads data of the file identifier "a" from the file system 3004b, and sends a response to the server computer 3001a. In the server computer 3001a, the receiving section 3007 receives from the server computer 3001b the response to the read access request for the file identifier "a" (step S3104). Next, the received response data is transmitted from the transmitting section 3008 as response data to the client computer 3009a that originated the read access request (step S3105).
In this way, in the system disclosed in Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 5-241934, file access requests from the client computers are all received by one particular server computer. More specifically, when a file access request is received, that particular server computer, based on the virtual file identifiers it manages, retrieves data of the requested file from the server computer where the real data of the file is stored, and transfers the retrieved data to the requesting client computer; in this way, each client computer can access files distributed across the plurality of server computers regardless of the actual location of the requested file.
However, since response data to the requesting client computer is always transferred twice through the network, first from the server computer where the real data of the file is stored to the server computer where the virtual file management apparatus is operating, and then from this latter server computer to the requesting client computer, the above configuration has had the problem that not only the delay in responding to the client computer becomes large but also the network workload increases by a factor of 2 as compared with a system that does not use such a virtual file management apparatus.
Furthermore, despite the use of multiple server computers, when file access requests are made simultaneously from multiple client computers for a limited number of files, for example, access is concentrated on a particular server computer and the response speed to the client computers decreases.
Concentration of access to a particular server computer can be avoided by predicting the frequency of file accesses and thereby scheduling storing of files across multiple server computers in such a manner as to distribute the file accesses, but the prior art has had the problem that it has not been possible to reduce the concentration of access to a particular server by dynamically distributing the accesses on the basis of changing access frequencies while the system is operating.


A beret display apparatus is described. Embodiments of the beret display apparatus can generally include a base, a rod, and a member. The member can be adapted to wear a beret. For instance, the member can display a military style beret in an “as worn” presentation. The rod can be included to elevate the member and couple the member to the base. Generally, the rod can be coupled to the member in an offset position. By offsetting the member, a standard military style beret can appear centered on the base.

Currently, berets are typically displayed flat in display cases that are not meant for displaying berets. The display cases do not help achieve a distinct shape when initially forming the beret. Further, current display cases do not provide a platform to maintain the shape of the beret when not in use and display the beret in an "as worn position." Current display cases result in berets being misshaped, berets being stored away and becoming disfigured, and berets being displayed flat and unrecognizable.
An apparatus is needed to address these deficiencies and provide a much needed alternative to current practices.


A lamp device includes a housing having first and second ends spaced in an axial direction. The housing further includes an air inlet portion and an air outlet portion. A circuit board is mounted in the housing and electrically connected to an electrical connection portion on the first end of the housing. The circuit board includes a substrate having first and second sides spaced in the axial direction and respectively facing the second and first ends of the housing. The circuit board further includes electronic elements. One of the electronic elements having the largest height in the axial direction is mounted on the first side. A heat dissipating module is mounted in the housing and between the air inlet portion and the air outlet portion. A lighting element is coupled to the heat dissipating module and electrically connected to the circuit board.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a lamp device and, more particularly, to a lamp device allowing smooth flow of air currents into an interior thereof for heat dissipating purposes.
2. Description of the Related Art
FIG. 1 shows a conventional lamp device 9 including a housing 91 having an outer periphery with an air inlet portion 911 and an air outlet portion 912. A lighting element 92, a heat dissipating module 93, and a circuit board 94 are mounted in the housing 91, with lighting element 92 coupled to the heat dissipating module 93 and electrically connected to the circuit board 94. When the lighting element 92 generates heat during use, the heat dissipating module 93 draws air into the housing 91 via the air inlet portion 911, and heat can be transferred out of the housing 91 via the air outlet portion 912, providing a heat dissipating effect and prolonging the life of the lamp device. The circuit board 94 includes a plurality of electronic elements 95 between the circuit board 94 and an end of the housing 91 adjacent air inlet portion 911. Due to the heights h of the electronic elements 95, the compartment between the circuit board 94 and the end of the housing 91 for receiving the electronic elements 95 is relatively large, such that the circuit board 94 interferes with the flow of air currents entering the housing 91 via the air inlet portion 911, as shown in FIG. 2. Thus, the air currents can not smoothly flow into the housing 91, leading to reduced heat dissipating effect and shortening of the life of the lighting element 92.
To reduce interference with the flow of the air currents, Taiwan Utility Model Publication No. M339780 entitled "Improved Circuit Board Structure for LED Lamp Device" discloses a circuit board including at least one aperture in an area free of electronic elements and circuits. The aperture extends from a side through the other side of the circuit board, such that the air currents entering the housing can flow smoothly into an interior of the housing via the aperture, enhancing the heat dissipating effect. However, formation of the aperture results in complicated and troublesome procedures for manufacturing the circuit board. Furthermore, the resultant heat dissipating effect is still unsatisfactory, for the circuit board still causes certain interference with the flow of the air currents entering the housing.

Sunonwealth Electric Machine Industry Co., Ltd.


A proximity detector for motor cars, to aid parking, has 3 infra-red transmitter units 10-1 to 10-3 producing a zone of radiation 36 and two receiver units 20-1 and 20-2 producing a zone 46 of sensitivity to the radiation. Each transmitter unit comprises 3 transmitter elements housed behind a common aperture, and each receiver unit comprises 2 receiver elements housed behind a common aperture, giving for each unit a polar diagram with at least two distinct directions of high magnitude, the axes of peak radiation or sensitivity from the elements of a unit being divergent through the aperture and forming the directions of high magnitude. An indicator indicates the amplitude of the combined signal from the receivers by providing a pulsed tone the pulse frequency of which is varied.

The present invention relates to proximity detectors, and finds particular application to motor vehicles for indicating to their drivers their proximity to objects such as adjacent vehicles when parking.
GB 2 214 290 describes a system of this kind. An infrared transmitter and an infrared receiver are attached to suitably spaced apart points on the bumper of a vehicle. The transmitter produces a divergent beam zone which we can conveniently take as roughly conical, and the receiver is sensitive to a similarly divergent zone which we can also take as roughly conical. The transmitter and receiver are skewed slightly towards each other so that the two cones cross each other. A sounder unit produces a sound of intensity dependent on the strength of the signal from the receiver.
Suppose that the vehicle is being parked against some fixed object such as another vehicle. The conical beam from the transmitter will illuminate a roughly circular area on the fixed object, and the receiver will be sensitive to light received from a roughly circular area on the object. The vehicle will initially be at a considerable distance from the fixed object, and the two circular areas on the object will have relative little overlap. The receiver signal will therefore be small. As the vehicle moves closer to the fixed object, so the two circular areas will move towards each other (reducing in size at the same time), so that the signal will increase. Eventually, however, the two circular areas will coincide, and as the vehicle continues to move closer to the fixed object, so the circular areas will gradually move apart again. The signal will therefore reduce again, reaching zero when the separation of the circular areas is complete. The driver can thus stop at an accurately controlled distance from the fixed object, by stopping as soon as the signal from the sounder unit drops in volume.
One disadvantage of this system is that if the fixed object is small, the system will be detected only if it is within the area of overlap of the two zones or cones of the transmitter and the receiver. Thus, if the range of operation is say between 30 and 5 cm, the area of object to which the system is sensitive will be of the same order of size (around 30 cm). Collisions with small fixed objects will thus be likely to occur if the object is displaced to one or other side of the system by more than say about 20 cm.
One object of the present invention is to overcome this disadvantage of the system of GB 2 214 290.


A method of incorporating biocides into wood or a wood product, the method including the steps of synthesizing a plurality of capsules each having an outer shell of polymer and incorporating within each said capsule an additive which includes an organic biocide, and then applying the said capsules to the wood or wood product in a manner whereby the capsules penetrate the wood or wood product.

As a biological material, wood is subject to attack by fungi and insects. These organisms may damage the appearance of the wood, and they may seriously reduce its structural strength. Wood and wood based products can be protected from wood destroying organisms by applying fungicides or insecticides, or both. Such treatments can greatly improve the service life of the wood product, especially for timbers with low natural durability, such as radiata pine.
In recent times there has been increased scrutiny of the emission of preservatives, not only during the treatment process, but from the wood after treatment.
For instance concern has been expressed with regard to the toxicity of residual arsenic in Copper Chrome Arsenic (CCA) treated wood. CCA has a long history as a low cost and effective wood preservative, but is now being excluded from certain applications where human exposure to the wood in service is high, such as playground equipment and decking. Inorganic preservatives also face the disadvantage of residual toxicity from waste. Incineration of wood waste creates volatile emissions of the heavy metals. The remaining ash will also contain toxic metal residues. Heavy metals from wood waste such as sawdust and offcuts persist in landfill and potentially pose a risk of contaminating water supplies.
Alternative, environmentally more benign, organic preservatives still have issues with regard to their application as wood preservatives.
CCA has a proven history of preserving wood over a broad range of environments, with an expectation of a service life of 25 to more than 50 years. Organic preservatives, being based on carbon chemistry, have a less certain durability. Service life must be extrapolated from field experiments typically lasting from five to ten years.
Over a time frame of 25 years or more there are additional mechanisms which might diminish the effectiveness of organic preservatives.
For instance, azoles have a limited number cell activity sites which could eventually lead to resistance and therefore might be better combined with other biocides such as the heavy metal copper. Also since they have weak bacterial activity they could eventually be subject to bacterial biodeterioration. Whereas broader spectrum biocides, such as 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB) and 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Kathon 925), which have found utility as in wood treatments, are skin irritants.
Similarly Lambda-cyhalothrin cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and bifenthrin all have a degree of paraesthesia and toxicity which makes them difficult to use in wood treatment processes.
Chlorpyrifos has appreciable vapour pressure and malodour at ambient temperatures—losses will occur through evaporation.
lodocarb, a broad spectrum biocide, hydrolyses in the presence of light and moisture over months rather than years.
A further issue with many of the organic biocides currently in use is that while they are sparingly water soluble, even this limited solubility is sometimes insufficient to resist leaching over a protracted period.
While light organic solvent carriers can be used to allow impregnation of the wood with preservative, they are undesirable as they increase expense and raise other issues of volatile organic hydrocarbon emissions into the environment. Similarly, solubilisation with surfactants to form an aqueous micro-emulsion of the active allows the use of lower cost water as a carrier, but increases the propensity of the active to leach.
Conventional methods of applying preservative treatment require a pressure difference to create an influx of fluid into the wood structure. Freshly felled wet wood freely conducts aqueous solutions. Preservative solutions may hydraulically displace the sap. More reliable treatments are achieved by first drying the timber and at least temporarily filling the empty wood cells with preservative solution. During initial drying, modification of the wood structure occurs reducing the ability of aqueous solutions to penetrate.
The most important modification from a treatment perspective is the aspiration of compound pits where the suspended torus seals up the pit opening leading to a reduction in permeability. However certain soft wood species, notably pinus radiata, can be satisfactorily treated after drying. Aqueous solutions of preservatives are pumped into the dry wood at pressures of up to 1400 Kpa which is sufficient to reopen the interconnections between the wood cells.
Pit size of softwood species is highly variable. Tracheids, one of the main types of softwood wood cell, vary in size up to a few millimeters in length, and are in diameter about 60 μm.
In green timber pit diameters vary from between 2 μm to 10 μm depending on the size of the tracheid. It is assumed that the torus in the centre of the pit which collapses across the pit opening during drying is dislodged during pressure treatment. To satisfactorily penetrate "treatable" softwood timbers it has been assumed that particulate actives must have diameters substantially less than 10 μm.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome one or more of the various disadvantages of the prior art as discussed, or at least to provide the public with a useful choice.


A control system for a subsea well is provided. The control system comprises a tree comprising a hydraulic control supply line for use in opening a downhole safety valve as a result of hydraulic pressure in the line. A part of the line is carried by a structure which is subject to the pressure of a production fluid from the well used in the control system so that the line is separable in response to a failure of the integrity of the structure.

Embodiments of the invention relate to a control system for a subsea well.
A control system for a subsea well, for example a hydrocarbon production well, generally comprises a subsea tree and a tubing hanger which carries production tubing. In the tubing, there is a downhole safety valve (DHSV), typically in the form of a so-called hydraulically operated surface controlled subsurface safety valve (SCSSV). When hydraulic pressure is applied via a control supply line, the DHSV opens against the action of a spring or production fluid pressure. In the event of a failure in the control system, supply of fluid for opening the DHSV is stopped, resulting in closure of the DHSV under the action of the spring or production fluid pressure, to prevent the flow of production fluid from the well.


A power supply unit includes: a relay that includes a first input terminal to which primary alternating-current power is input and a second input terminal to which secondary alternating-current power is input, and outputs one of the primary alternating-current power and the secondary alternating-current power; a first power conversion unit that is coupled to an output terminal of the relay, and converts alternating-current power output from the relay, into direct-current power; a second power conversion unit that is coupled to an output side of the first power conversion unit and converts output power of the first power conversion unit into direct-current power of a predetermined voltage; a power output terminal that outputs the direct-current power converted by the second power conversion unit; and a control unit that couples the first input terminal to the output terminal or couples the second input terminal to the output terminal.

In the past, there has been an uninterruptible power supply unit that is connected to an apparatus including two types of power supply input and supplies two types of power supply to the apparatus. The uninterruptible power supply unit includes a first power supply input unit and a second power supply input unit, to which two respective types of power supply are input, and a first power supply output unit and a second power supply output unit, which output the respective power supplies input to the first power supply input unit and the second power supply input unit. The uninterruptible power supply unit further includes a control unit that detects power failure states of the power supplies input to the first power supply input unit and the second power supply input unit and causes, based on the detection result thereof, a backup power supply to be output from at least one power supply output unit of the first power supply output unit and the second power supply output unit.
By the way, in case that both the two types of power supply are put into power failures, the uninterruptible power supply unit of the related art includes a battery charged with direct-current power, and an inverter converting the direct-current power output from the battery into alternating-current power.
The following is a reference document.    [Document 1] Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2004-254470.


The present invention provides a method for curing a UV-curable resin and a method for packaging an OLED. The method for curing a UV-curable resin includes (1) providing a UV light source and activating the UV light source to carry out a first irradiation operation on UV-curable resin; (2) de-activating the UV light source and, after a time interval of 10-300 seconds, activating the UV light source to carry out a second irradiation operation on the UV-curable resin; and (3) repeating step (2), until the UV-curable resin is completely cured. Interval-separated irradiation operations are applied so as to effectively lower down the temperature of a glass substrate and effectively avoid deterioration of an organic function layer caused by an excessively high temperature, thereby improving the lifespan and quality of an OLED device.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for curing a UV (Ultraviolet) curable resin, and in particular to a method for curing a UV-curable resin and a method for packaging an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode).
2. The Related Arts
An organic light-emitting diode or an organic light-emitting diode display (OLED), which is also referred to as an organic electroluminescent diode, is a new technology of display that has been developed since the middle of the twentieth century. Compared to liquid crystal displays, the organic electroluminescent diode possesses a variety of advantages, including full solid state, active emission of light, high brightness, high contrast, being ultra thin, low cost, low power consumption, fast response, wide view angle, wide range of operation temperature, being easy for flexible displaying.
Referring to FIG. 1, an organic electroluminescent diode generally comprises: a substrate 100, a light-emitting element 300 formed on the substrate 100, and a packaging cover 500 laminated on the substrate 100. The light-emitting element 300 comprises an anode 302 formed on the substrate 100, an organic function layer 304 formed on the anode 302, and a cathode 306 formed on the organic function layer 304. The substrate 100 and the packaging cover 500 are laminated together by means of a UV-curable resin 700 that is disposed therebetween and cured in order to hermetically enclose the light-emitting element 300 between the substrate 100 and the packaging cover 500 so that the organic function layer 304 of the light-emitting element 300 is protected against deterioration caused by invasion of humidity.
The organic function layer of the conventional organic electroluminescent diode is generally composed of three function layers, which are respectively a hole transport layer (HTL), an emissive layer (EML), and an electron transport layer (ETL). Each of these layers can be a single layer or a combination of at least one layer. For example, the hole transport layer is sometimes further separated into a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer and the electron transport layer can be further separated into an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer; however, the functions thereof are close and are collectively referred to as "hole transport layer" and "electron transport layer".
The common practice of the conventional organic electroluminescent diode adopted is glass packaging and both UV-curable resin package or glass resin package require a process of curing of the UV-curable resin. However, in the process of illuminating and curing a UV-curable resin with a UV light, the temperature of the glass substrate may also be raised. Excessively high temperature (exceeding the Tg point of the organic material) may result in property change of the organic material of the organic electroluminescent diode so as to affect the performance of the organic electroluminescent diode product. Thus, it is generally desired to keep the temperature of the glass substrate relatively low during the UV curing operation.
However, in an actual UV curing process, the stacked glass substrate, UV filter, and even flexible substrate (such as a polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film) provided for flexible displaying, may require an extended time of UV irradiation in order to achieve a desired accumulated light quantity for curing the UV-curable resin at the transmittance of the UV band. Under this condition, the temperature of the glass substrate may get a remarkable rise and the OLED organic material may be affected.
For example, referring to FIG. 2, a temperature curve of a glass substrate is shown for OLED packaging with direct irradiation. In the plot, the irradiance of the UV light is 100 mw/cm2 and after direction irradiation of the UV light for 180 seconds, the maximum temperature of the glass substrate is 90° C. This may result in deterioration of the OLED organic material and thus affect the quality of the OLED.

Method for curing UV-curable resin and method for packaging OLED

Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd.


A block noise removal device classifies interpixel differential values by using a block size N of the decoded video signal. The block noise removal device accumulates the interpixel differential values in the pixels disposed in the nth position. The results of the accumulation provide first to Nth block noise values. A block boundary position signal is produced that represents the pixel position in the pixel group that corresponds with the largest block noise value. The larger of two block noise values of the adjacent pixels on both sides of the pixel having the largest block noise value is taken as the phase error block noise value. A phase error signal is generated on the basis of the ratio between the phase error block noise value and the largest block noise value, block noise removal processing is effected, and the phase correction pixel sample value is obtained.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a block noise removal device for removing block noise that is produced when decoding information data produced as a result of performing compression-coding the information data on each of a plurality of blocks.
2. Description of the Related Art
Compression-coding, which adopts the MPEG (Moving Picture Expert Group) system, is implemented in order to reduce an amount of information when transmitting and/or recording video or speech signals or the like. In such MPEG encoding processing, compression of the information amount is effected by performing quantization processing after performing conversion to produce a DCT coefficient for each frequency region. The DCT coefficient is by performing a Discrete Cosine Transformation (called 'DCT' hereinbelow) for each two-dimensional unit block of the video signal. The larger the quantization step used in the quantization processing, the larger the compression rate. However, quantization noise is produced as a result of some values being discarded. Block noise is a typical example of such quantization noise. In other words, because various processing is performed on each two-dimensional unit block as mentioned above in the MPEG encoding processing, the boundary of the block become evidence when the two-dimensional unit blocks are decoded. For the video signal, compression of a brightness signal or color difference signal is the norm but various signal formats such as an RGB signal may be considered.
Therefore, a method for detecting such block noise in a video signal that has undergone MPEG decoding and removing the block noise has been proposed. One example of such methods is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Kokai (Laid Open) No. 2000-50275. With this block noise removal method, the difference between adjacent pixels in a horizontal direction is first obtained for a video signal that has undergone MPEG decoding. When the differential value is greater than a predetermined threshold value, it is determined that the corresponding point is the block boundary (See FIGS. 3A to 3C of Japanese Patent Application Kokai No. 2000-50275). By performing filtering processing on the block boundary portion, a block noise reduction is implemented by smoothing a sharp level change between adjacent blocks which constitutes the origin of the block noise.
With respect to a video signal that represents a picture such that the level of the video signal increases (or decreases) gradually in a horizontal direction within each block as shown in FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings, the difference between adjacent pixels is always a fixed value other than zero. Therefore, there has been the risk that this difference will be erroneously judged as being the block boundary BB.
Because the block boundary in a video signal whose resolution has been resized or in a video signal that has undergone analog conversion fades after MPEG decoding, the block boundary cannot be accurately detected.


The present invention provides an apparatus for recording an image on a photosensitive material, wherein a recording drum 2 is enclosed with an enclosure 10 in which an opening 12 is provided in the direction of movement of a recording head 6. The opening 12 is covered with a light shield member 14 and the light shield member 14 is wound by winding shafts 24 and 26 at its both ends. To the light shield member 14 there is provided a through hole 16, into which an image forming lens 18 of the recording head 6 is inserted. Thus the recording head 6 is allowed to be movable and light shielding is effected only by the small-sized enclosure 10.

1. Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to apparatus for an image on photosensitive material such as a recording unit of a color scanner, a laser printer and a laser plotter and, more particularly, relates to improvement in facilitation of manufacture and maintenance thereof.
2. Related Art
FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional apparatus of a color laser plotter. Held to a recording drum 102 is a photosensitive material 104, which is driven to rotate by a driving source (not shown). To a recording head 106, a recording signal is fed. Receiving the signal, the recording head 106 emits a laser beam corresponding to the recording signal toward the photosensitive material 104 on the recording drum 102, thereby making the photosensitive material 104 exposed to the laser beam. The recording head 106 is arranged to be movable in the direction A parallel to the axial direction of the recording drum 102. Rotation of the recording drum 102 and movement of the recording head 106 render the photosensitive material 104 to be entirely exposed to the laser beam.
However, the conventional apparatus as mentioned above has confronted some problems as described below. When the photosensitive material 104 is sensitive to natural light , it is necessary to accommodate both the recording drum 102 and the recording head 106 into an enclosure 108 to shield the photosensitive material 104 from the natural light. The enclosure 108 is so large in size as to make the assembling thereof laborious work, and moreover the filling of clearances difficult. In brief, the large-sized enclosure 108 is caused increase in cost heretofore.
Also, since a light source (not shown) produces heat in the recording head 106, the enclosure 108 is required to cool therein. It, however, is difficult to satisfy both the requirements of light shielding and cooing at the same time.
Further, in exercising maintenance of the recording drum 102 and the recording head 106, the large-sized enclosure 108 is necessarily removed, causing reduction in work efficiency.

Apparatus for recording image on photosensitive material


The discharge valve unit includes: a valve case configured to be detachably attached to the housing and including a second reservoir for liquid configured to communicate with the first reservoir when the valve case is attached to the housing; and a second valve mechanism disposed in the second reservoir and including a second discharge hole having a larger opening diameter than that of the first discharge hole and a second valve member accommodated in the second reservoir and configured to open and close the second discharge hole. The second valve mechanism includes a spring configured to bias the second valve member in a valve opening direction. When a pressure of the second reservoir increases to a predetermined value, the second valve member closes the second discharge hole against a biasing force of the spring.

One of known fluid devices is a drain trap that is provided in a steam system and configured to reduce emission of steam, while discharging drain. At the start of operation of the steam system, from the viewpoint of preventing a water hammer that can occur by mixing low-temperature drain remaining in the system with steam, a large amount of remaining drain needs to be discharged quickly by the drain trap.
In a drain trap disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-218332, for example, a reservoir includes two discharge holes with different sizes and two floats for opening and closes the discharge holes. In this drain trap, at the start of operation, drain is discharged from the lower discharge hole with a larger size. When the pressure increases and reaches a normal operating state, the lower discharge hole is closed by the float. In the lower discharge hole, even when drain is accumulated, the float does not rise and the lower discharge hole remains closed. This is because the size of the lower discharge hole is set such that a valve closing force of the float caused by a pressure difference between upstream and downstream sides of the discharge hole is larger than a valve opening force of the float caused by buoyancy. On the other hand, the upper discharge hole is opened and closed by floating up and down of the float in accordance with a storage level of drain.


A concealed trailer hitch device for a vehicle or truck comprises a first hitch interconnect member permanently and rigidly fixed to a frame of the vehicle. The first hitch interconnect member has a coupling member integrally formed as one of its parts which is in a downward orientation and is at least partially concealed under the vehicle. The hitch device includes a second hitch interconnect member of singular construction which has (i) a first end configured for insertion onto the coupling member of the first interconnect member along the downward orientation and (ii) a receiver end configured with a hitch receiver socket as a remaining end which is in approximate horizontal orientation when the second hitch is coupled at the first interconnect member. A locking pin is provided for releasably retaining the second hitch interconnect member coupled at the first hitch interconnect member.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention pertains to a trailer hitch device which can be attached to the frame of a truck, forward of the rear bumper, but concealed from view until placed in actual use.
2. Prior Art
With the ever increasing interest in recreational and all-terrain vehicles, trailer hitch devices continue to expand in versatility and application. With the advent of short bed truck designs, bumper configurations have introduced unique requirements because of the limited amount of space under the truck bed. For example, many short bed trucks have a rear bumper which conceals a spare tire storage area under the bed of the truck. The position of the spare tire mount and close proximity of the bumper or roll pan, create substantial difficulty for attachment of a trailer hitch. Specifically, there is not a convenient access to connect a hitch frame to the frame of the truck. Consequently, the conventional location for attachment comprises the rear bumper.
Prior art attachment devices coupling the hitch directly to the bumper have usually become a permanent part of the bumper structure. Unfortunately, this bumper hitch is typically in plain view. The presence of an exposed trailer hitch on the bumper of a short bed sport truck is not favorable where such trucks have been expressly designed to have a sport car appearance. Accordingly, many owners of short bed sport trucks decline use of a trailer hitch.
Some prior art variations of hitch designs offer optional attachment configurations from the more conventional hitch structures. U.S. Pat. No. 3,271,050 teaches that the exposed hitch opening can be concealed by an insert which also offers some functional utility for minimizing damage when the lower, hitch structure scraps a road surface. U.S. Pat. No. 4,738,464 discloses a different approach to attachment of a hitch to a truck frame, by segmenting the bumper and providing for an insert for the license plate which is actually part of the hitch frame. Finally, U.S. Pat. No. 4,280,713 identifies an elbow structure which enables the attachment of a hitch member that allows use of two hitch balls of differing sizes. This elbow member does not, however, teach ready attachment to the underside of a truck frame in a concealed manner. Instead, the hitch is attached to the bumper itself.


A device and method include a broadband light source in communication with a waveguide to provide a light signal for interrogating each of a plurality for sensors within the waveguide. An analyzer modulates the light signal with a microwave signal and demodulates and evaluates light signals reflected by the sensors. An amplitude and a phase of each reflected signal from each sensor is distinguished in the time domain and the modulated signal is reconstructed in the frequency domain.

The present invention generally relates to interferometer devices and methods and their sensing application.
Distributed sensing technology replaces complex interrogation of thousands of sensors by a single waveguide (i.e. optical fiber cable or coaxial cable) that consists of many sensors in series. It makes almost continuous measurement over the full length of the cable instead of discrete measurement. Real time interrogation can also be implemented. As such, a truly continuous monitoring at all points along a cable can be obtained at all times through the technology of distributed sensing.
Several techniques have been suggested to realize distributed sensing. One technique is called frequency division multiplexing (FDM). The sensors on one cable have slightly different interrogated frequencies. A frequency-tunable source can be tuned to the frequency belonging to one particular sensor. The influences of the desired parameters such as strain or temperature could shift its interrogated frequency. The measurements can be further correlated by tracking the shift in frequency. Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are typically used in FDM. It can have a high measurement resolution because of phase detection for each sensor. However, the maximum number of sensors along one cable in any case is typically between 10 and 100, limited by the tuning range or bandwidth of the light source and the required frequency interval per sensor.
Another technique, called time division multiplexing (TDM), uses cascaded weak reflectors along a cable. Each sensor/reflector is interrogated with short pulses in time domain. The reflections from different reflectors are then distinguished via the differences in time-of-arrival. This method could potentially multiplex more than 100 sensors but has a relatively low measurement accuracy.

Distributed microwave Fabry-Perot interferometer device and method


This application provides a methods and apparatuses for generating precoding vectors. One method comprises: generating a channel state information (CSI) report, wherein the CSI report indicates a quantity of space-frequency vector pairs to be reported for each of a quantity of R transport layers, wherein a size of an overhead for indicating the quantity of the space-frequency vector pairs is unrelated to the quantity of R, wherein each of the space-frequency vector pairs comprises one spatial domain vector and one frequency domain vector, wherein for each of the R transport layers, one or more frequency domain units associated with the transport layer correspond to one or more precoding vectors, and wherein each of the one or more precoding vectors is constructed by one or more space-frequency vector pairs to be reported for the corresponding transport layer in the R transport layers; and transmitting the CSI report.

In a massive multiple-input multiple-output (massive multiple-input multiple output, Massive MIMO) technology, a network device can reduce interference between a plurality of users and interference between a plurality of signal flows of a same user by using a precoding technology. This helps improve signal quality, implement spatial multiplexing, and improve spectrum utilization.
For example, a terminal device may determine a precoding vector through channel measurement or in another manner, and expects to enable the network device to obtain, based on a feedback of the terminal device, a precoding vector that is the same as or similar to the precoding vector determined by the terminal device. To reduce feedback overheads and improve feedback precision, in an implementation, the terminal device may indicate the precoding vector to the network device in a feedback manner in which spatial domain compression and frequency domain compression are combined. Specifically, the terminal device may select one or more spatial domain vectors and one or more frequency domain vectors based on a precoding vector of each frequency domain unit at each transport layer, to fit the precoding vectors corresponding to the frequency domain units at the transport layers by using weighted sums of matrices constructed by using the spatial domain vectors and the frequency domain vectors.
As a quantity of transport layers changes, a quantity of spatial domain vectors fed back by the terminal device and/or a quantity of frequency domain vectors fed back by the terminal device may change, and indication overheads thereof may also change. This may cause unpredictable feedback overheads of a channel state information (channel state information, CSI) report. Consequently, decoding of the CSI report fails, and subsequent data transmission performance is affected.

Method for indicating vectors used to construct precoding vector and communications apparatus


A device implementable on a firearm includes a monolithic upper receiver, comprising an upper receiver portion and a handguard portion, which is configured to accommodate non-proprietary barrel assemblies dimensioned according to United States military standard (mil-spec) barrel assembly dimensions and non-proprietary bolt carrier groups (BCGs) dimensioned according to mil-spec BCG dimensions. The device also includes a charging handle assembly configured to be coupled to an operating rod of a gas system of the firearm and forward of a BCG of the firearm. The device further includes a barrel locking system including a locking plate and a locking screw. When the locking screw is screwed into a threaded hole on the locking plate, the locking plate engages with a side of a barrel extension of the barrel assembly in a radial directions perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the barrel assembly.

Unless otherwise indicated herein, approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted as prior art by inclusion in this section.
On firearms based on an AR platform, such as AR15-styled or AR10-styled rifles, carbines, pistols and shotguns, the major portions typically include a lower receiver, an upper receiver, and a barrel. The lower receiver is where a trigger mechanism is installed as well as where a pistol grip and a stock or buffer tube are attached. The upper receiver is where a bolt carrier group (BCG) is received and operates. The upper receiver is also connected to the barrel, along with a gas tube (for those firearms using a direct impingement system for cycling the BCG) or a piston system (for those firearms using a gas piston system for cycling the BCG). Additionally, a handguard which surrounds the barrel is also attached to the barrel. On modern firearms, there are typically an accessory rail (e.g., Picatinny rail, also known as a MIL-STD-1913 rail, or a Weaver rail) on the top side of each of the upper receiver and handguard (hereinafter referred to as a "top rail") to allow a user to mount accessories such as optics and/or iron sights. However, due to differences in tolerance and/or fit and finish, there could be a gap between the top rail of the upper receiver and the top rail of the handguard which may interfere with optics mounting.
Additionally, a conventional upper receiver typically has a forward assist built in on the right side thereof behind the casing ejection port. Correspondingly, the bolt carrier needs to have serrations machined on its side to allow engagement by the forward assist. However, this tends to increase the cost of manufacturing and this design tends to allow debris to enter the upper receiver. Besides, by being on one side of the upper receiver, the forward assist tends to make the upper receiver look bulky. Moreover, as the forward assist is on the right-hand side of the firearm from the perspective of a user, it would be inconvenient for a right-handed shooter if he/she intends to use his/her support hand (i.e., left hand) to operate the forward assist. Furthermore, on a conventional firearm based on an AR platform, a barrel nut is typically used to secure the handguard onto the upper receiver. However, in an event that a user intends to change or replace the barrel, it would require the removal of the handguard and gas tube (or piston system) before the user can access and loosen the barrel nut.

Monolithic upper receiver for firearms with barrel locking system and foldable ambidextrous forward assist


A debris evacuation apparatus and method evacuates debris in a pumping system that forms between the plunger exterior and barrel interior. The apparatus has at least one seal and one groove located south of the seal, with the seal blocking northward travel of debris and directing it to the groove. Ports within the groove permit debris to enter the debris evacuation apparatus. Interior to the debris evacuation apparatus, the entering debris will become mixed with pumped fluid, and will be drawn out of the pumping system with the pumped fluid. The pumped fluid passing through the debris evacuation apparatus will be caused to rotate by an interior section located at a south portion of the debris evacuation apparatus, utilizing a plurality of angled veins surrounding a closed center section located at a north end of the interior section.

1. Field of Invention
This invention relates generally to oil pumps and, more specifically, to a debris evacuation apparatus and method that is intended to extend plunger and barrel life.
2. Background of the Invention
In general terms, an oil well pumping system begins with an above-ground pumping unit, which creates the up and down pumping action that moves the oil (or other substance being pumped) out of the ground and into a flow line, from which the oil is taken to a storage tank or other such structure.
Below ground, a shaft is lined with piping known as "tubing." Into the tubing is inserted a sucker rod, which is ultimately, indirectly, coupled at its north end to the pumping unit. Below the sucker rod are located a number of pumping system components, including the cage and, below the cage, the plunger. The plunger operates within a barrel, which barrel is positioned within the tubing.
The amount of space between the exterior surface of the plunger and the interior surface of the barrel can be as great as 0.01″. This space allows a constant passage of fluid, including debris, between the plunger exterior and the barrel interior. The debris that is contained within the fluid and that passes through the space between plunger and barrel scores the plunger and the barrel, reducing the operating life of both.
A need therefore existed for an apparatus and method that will evacuate debris from the space that is between the plunger and the barrel, so as to extend the operating life of each of these two pumping system components. The present invention addresses this need and provides other, related, advantages.

Debris evacuation apparatus and method for an oil pump


An AC digital universal charger is provided, wherein a button spring and a pushing button are provided at a middle part of a pushing cover; a pressure baffle is provided at a front part of the pushing cover; an AA cathode spring, a pressure spring and an AA cathode hardware are provided on the pressure baffle; a positioning bolt is connected to a positioning block; the positioning block and the pressure clasp are mounted to a lower part of the pushing slip cover via an AA cathode connecting screw and an AA cathode connecting hardware; and the clasp bolt is further connected to a lower part of the pushing button by inserting. A battery is positioned and charged by energizing the charger, putting the battery at a battery zone, adjusting the charger buttons, pressing down the pushing button to further press the battery tightly and then releasing the pushing button.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a multifunctional charger.
2. Description of Related Arts
The conventional battery chargers have a wide variety, such as the chargers for the lithium batteries specialized for the electronic digital products, the chargers for the mobile phone batteries, the USB chargers and the chargers for the rechargeable AA/AAA batteries. However, the above different types of chargers are mutually irreplaceable, which causes a waste of resources and is harmful to the environment; meanwhile, the conventional charger always comprises two detachable parts, the wired adapter and the charging dock, so as to bring inconvenience to the users.

Alternating current digital universal charger


A decompression approach utilizing a single buffer to reduce working memory space decompression requirements. Loading a compressed data file into the "back end" of a buffer and progressively loading the resulting decompressed data into the "front end" of the buffer avoids allocating multiple buffers for the decompression process. Using a slop value to increase the size of the allocated buffer beyond the original uncompressed data size avoids inadvertently overwriting not yet uncompressed data still residing in the back end of the single buffer when storing just decompressed data in the front end of the single buffer.

The amount of time (referred to as expansion speed) and the amount of memory (referred to as working storage space) needed to decompress already compressed data are common issues when designing a compression/decompression system. It is generally desirable to be able to expand compressed data as quickly as possible while at the same time using a minimum of available working memory. This is particularly true with play-back decompression application situations (where time can be spent to compress data in a particular way that makes decompression a faster process) and with software installation programs (which oftentimes do not have control over, or access to, all of the memory generally available to the user environment).
Various approaches have been taken in the past to improve expansion speed and to reduce working storage space. It is typical in these prior approaches to utilize two separate buffers in the decompression process. Referring now to FIG. 1, typically two data buffers are allocated at the beginning of the expansion process, one for holding the compressed data (Input Buffer 101), and the other for holding the expanded data (Output Buffer 105).
The compressed data is typically fetched from an external storage device and is placed in Input Buffer 101 before the expansion process begins. Then, the compressed data is read from Input Buffer 101, piece by piece or block by block a codeword at a time, and is expanded by the decompression engine 103. The resulting decompressed blocks are then placed in Output Buffer 105, as shown in the figure. Lastly, the decompressed data is moved out of Output Buffer 105 and into some other longer term storage medium or area, e.g., available working space in system RAM, an internal hard drive, etc., for later use.
Unfortunately, this double buffer requirement (having both an input buffer and an output buffer) is very undesirable, particularly in a small working memory environment such as typically exists with a portable device, and is counter to one of the basic objectives of reducing the amount of working memory space needed for the decompression process.
The present invention utilizes a single buffer to decompress already compressed data and thus reduces the amount of working memory space needed.


Provided is a floor structure of a railcar in which thickness of a heat insulating material can be reduced while having predetermined heat resistance. The floor structure of the railcar includes a underframe having a pair of side sills extending in a railcar longitudinal direction and a cross beam arranged between the side sills and extending in a railcar width direction, a structural floor provided on an upper surface of the underframe, and a first heat insulating material arranged on a lower side of the structural floor via an air layer for the structural floor.

In a railcar, in general, a floor is required to have heat resistance, that is, a heat insulating property and fire resistance. In order to respond to such a requirement, conventionally in a general floor structure of a railcar, a heat insulating material is arranged on a lower surface of a structural floor. Patent Literature 1 discloses a floor structure wherein a highly-fire-resistant and incombustible heat insulating material made of glass wool and a highly-heat-insulating and moisture-retaining heat insulating material made of ceramic fiber are combined as a heat insulating material in order to improve the heat insulating property and the fire resistance. Patent Literature 2 discloses a floor structure of a laminated structure having an upper layer containing hydroxide, a middle layer providing structural strength, and a lower layer covering a lower surface, wherein a heat insulating material is formed between the middle layer and the lower layer.


A method of writing servo information for use in head positioning control on a disk medium incorporated in a disk drive, including executing the head positioning control based on original servo information recorded on the disk medium, producing positioning correction information to correct a positioning error, and recording the positioning correction information in a correction information recording buffer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a servo information writing method of writing servo information of a disk drive to a disk medium, and more particularly, it relates to a method of writing servo information including positioning correction information.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, in a disk drive represented by a hard disk drive, servo information (servo pattern) for use in head positioning control is recorded on a disk medium for use as a data recording medium.
In steps of manufacturing the disk drive, a servo writing step of recording the servo information on the disk medium is one of the important steps which influence efficiency of the whole manufacturing steps. Therefore, there have been proposed or developed various types of servo writing methods in order to enhance the efficiency. In the methods, there has been noted a magnetic transfer method in which the servo information is transferred and recorded from a disk as a master board to the disk medium incorporated in the disk drive by a magnetic transfer process.
Additionally, the servo information (hereinafter referred to as the original servo information) of a transferor recorded in the master board has a possibility that distortion is generated by, for example, an attaching error in attaching the master board to a device for writing the original servo information.
Moreover, in the steps of manufacturing the disk drive, disk eccentricity is sometimes generated in the disk medium by an assembly error or the like in a step of assembling the disk medium into the drive. Therefore, there is a high possibility that a positioning error is caused by the distortion of the original servo information and the disk eccentricity of the disk medium, when the head positioning control is executed in the disk drive by use of the original servo information transferred to the disk medium as such.
To solve the problem, there is proposed a method of measuring the disk eccentricity for each disk medium in which the servo information is recorded to record the disk eccentricity as positioning correction information on the disk medium (see, e.g., Jpn. Pat. No. 3295940).
A conventional method is a method of measuring the disk eccentricity (as a result, the distortion of the servo information) for each disk medium to produce the positioning correction information, and recording the information on the disk medium. However, in this method, time required for the servo writing step increases as much as time required for processing to produce the positioning correction information for each disk medium.

Method and apparatus for servo information writing in a disk drive


Power systems, electronic impedance controlled switches and controls, and methods of supplying power to a load include features to maximize safe operating area (SOA) of an electronic impedance switch without exceeding its SOA. The power system may be a vehicle electrical power system including a DC power supply battery and a boost converter.

The field of the invention relates generally to electrical power systems including electronically controlled switches supplying power to a load, and more specifically to boost converter circuitry including a controlled impedance switch to connect a boosted voltage to a load.
Electrical power converter circuitry for DC circuits are generally known and in widespread use. Certain circuits are sometimes referred to as boost or buck converters and are used in a variety of applications, including but not limited to electrical power systems for vehicles. The boost converters typically receive input power at a first voltage Vin from a power supply such as a vehicle battery in one example, and output electrical power to a load at a second voltage Vout higher than the first voltage. Thus, by virtue of the boosted voltage, electrical loads may be driven from a power supply which would otherwise be insufficiently served by the power supply alone operating at the first voltage. In a vehicle environment, such loads may include, but are not necessarily limited to communications electronics, compressors, an anti-lock brake system (ABS) unit, and lighting systems.
In some known boost converter systems, a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) is provided and utilized as a controlled impedance switch between the boost converter and the load, so that the converted output voltage to a downstream load rises slowly, thus minimizing surge currents and the disruptions that abrupt voltage changes may otherwise cause. The more intelligent of these systems actively monitor current flow through the MOSFET, which allows the circuit to act as an Electronic Circuit Breaker (ECB), a Load Switch, and a Load Inrush Controller. The most intelligent of these systems recognize that for higher currents and voltages, the power dissipated in the MOSFET while in its linear region as it ramps up/down the output voltage could exceed the rated Safe Operating Area (SOA) of the MOSFET. To address such concerns, known systems have implemented active current and power limiting schemes, and Fault Timers to prevent the MOSFET from exceeding its SOA and potentially failing. While such techniques can be effective in some applications, they remain problematic for others, and improvements are desired.

Power system with electronic impedance switch controls and methods for supplying power to a load


A cloud gaming manager selects a game server to stream a computer game to a requesting client game console based on which server in the cloud system has the requested game in server memory, or the requested game system in server memory, or the user files of the requesting console in server memory.

As computer gaming grows in popularity, games have been developed in which remote players can play cloud-based games, i.e., the game files, textures, etc. are executed in a remote server on the Internet based on input commands from a gamer's console with the outputs of the server game being sent to the gamer's console. As understood herein, players may undesirably experience prolonged game loading times in such an environment.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Method for improving game streaming performance in the cloud


The retaining hooks (32) of a flange (22) of straightening sectors (20), bearing fixed blades in a turbomachine, are advantageously placed on an end plate (30) distinct from the casing (21) but assembled on the latter. In this way, these hooks no longer constitute weak points in the casing, as if they were all in one piece with it, assembly of the sectors (20) is facilitated, and the assembly is more rigid.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to assembling distributor sectors, bearing fixed blades, and ensuring correction of a gas flow in a casing enclosing stators of a turbomachine.
2. Description of the Related Art
The external flow of gases in turbomachines is delimited by distributor and ferrule sectors alternately mounted on the casing via overlapping hooks along the machine. With reference to FIG. 1, which illustrates an already known assembly, a straightening sector 1 bears a pair of assembly flanges 2 and 3, respectively at the front and at the rear, and which are both fitted with end hooks 4 and 5, extending in the longitudinal direction of the machine. The end hook 4 at the front is placed on a hook 6 of a casing 7 by a pair of mutual support faces 8, which hold the sectors 1 against centripetal radial movements in the machine; the end hook 5 of the other flange 3 abuts radially towards the outside against the casing 7 by a pair of faces 9, and towards the rear, against a second hook 10 of the casing 7, by a pair of flat stop faces 11. A clip 12 is placed around the second hook 10 below the second end hook 5 to also guard the sectors 1 against centripetal movements. The sectors 7 comprise more projections 13 towards the front, which encircle the rear of ferrule segments 14 between them and the first hooks.
This assembly holds the sectors 1 against the movements produced by the radial and axial forces oriented towards the rear during operation. Assembling these conventional devices is difficult to carry out, as the inclined sectors 1 have to be disposed in the casing 7 so that the rear flange 3 can be inserted in the second hook 10 before making them pivot about the end hook 4 at the front, so that the end hook 5 can be inserted behind the hooks 10 with a radial movement towards the outside. In order to effect this assembly, it is necessary to have two major sets of rotor-stator in the internal stream, with such a requirement being detrimental to the seals between rotor and stator. Finally, probably the most serious disadvantage of this assembly is the fact that the hooks 6 and 10 are integrally formed with the casing 7, being subjected to significant mechanical and thermal stresses since they are near the stream of hot gases. As such, it becomes necessary to construct the hooks 6 and 10 and the casing 7 from a sufficiently resistant material even though the casing 7 is subjected to a lower temperature. In addition, due to the integral construction, fatigue cracking can appear in the hooks 6 and 10 and spread to the point where the entire casing 7 needs to be replaced.
Therefore, a need exists to rectify the design of the above-described casing, which is both costly and fragile, while enabling straightening sectors to be mounted more simply and producing a more rigid and less complex assembly. The instant invention satisfies these various requirements.

Assembly of sectors of a dispensing unit in a gas turbine