Disclosed are compounds of Formula (I): and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein “A” is S—; —SO—, —SO2—, —O— or NRac—, wherein Rac is H, or C1-20 alkyl and R1 through R5 are defined herein. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical formulations comprising a compound of Formula I and methods of treating, managing, or ameliorating diseases amenable to treatment, management, or amelioration by inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity, for example, Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder resulting from progressive loss of dopamine producing neurons. Symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease include motor impairment, bradykinesia, tremor, instability, and other movement related phenotypes. Non-motor symptoms are also associated with the disease, and may include cognitive dysfunction, autonomic dysfunction, and sleep disruption. The combined motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease severely impact patient quality of life.
The etiology of Parkinson's disease is not well known. The majority of Parkinson's cases are idiopathic. Recent studies have linked multiple mutations within the Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase gene with familial forms of Parkinson's disease. Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 [LRRK2] is a multidomain protein containing kinase and GTPase enzymatic activities. See for example: Aasly et al., Annals of Neurology, Vol. 57(5), May 2005, pp. 762-765; Adams et al., Brain, Vol. 128, 2005, pp. 2777-85; Gilks et al., Lancet, Vol. 365, Jan. 29, 2005, pp. 415-416, Nichols et al., Lancet, Vol. 365, Jan. 29, 2005, pp. 410-412, and U. Kumari and E. Tan, FEBS journal 276 (2009) pp. 6455-6463.
Identification of specific underlying mutations associated with genetic forms of Parkinson's disease has permitted investigation into the effects of mutations in LRRK2 on the disease. These studies suggest that mutations in LRRK2 play a role in the pathogenic pathway of both genetic and sporadic occurrence of Parkinson's disease. See for example, Smith et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (51): pp. 18676-81.
Recently, it has been suggested that therapeutic efficacy in addressing Parkinson's disease may be provided by inhibition of LRRK2 Kinase activity with a small molecule inhibitor (See V. Anand and S. Braithwaite, FEBS Journal, 276 (2009) pp. 6428-6435 and references therein). Currently there is a paucity of compounds known which functionally inhibit LRRK2 kinase function or have specificity for this target, thus, the provision of compounds having LRRK2 inhibiting properties remains an area of unmet medical need.

Leucine-rich repeat kinase enzyme activity


An apparatus includes a virtual memory manager that moves data from a first block to second block in memory. When the virtual memory manager is ready to transfer data from the first block to the second block, a third, temporary block of memory is defined. The translation table in a DMA controller is changed to point DMA transfers that target the first block to instead target the temporary block. The virtual memory manager then transfers data from the first block to the second block. When the transfer is complete, a check is made to see if the DMA transferred data to the temporary block while the data from the first block was being written to the second block. If so, the data written to the temporary block is written to the second block. A hardware register is preferably used to efficiently detect changes to the temporary block.

1. Technical Field
This invention generally relates to computer systems, and more specifically relates to the processing of Direct Memory Access (DMA) requests in computer systems that provide a virtual memory environment.
2. Background Art
Many computer systems have a virtual memory environment, where virtual addresses are mapped to physical addresses in memory. One specific type of virtual memory environment defines multiple logical partitions on a single platform, thereby allowing each logical partition to appear from the client perspective to be a separate and unique computer system. In a logically partitioned computer system, there is often a need for I/O devices such as hard disk drives to write to memory. Such transfers between a hard disk drive and memory often occur via a direct memory access (DMA) controller in the bus chipset. Because DMA transfers occur asynchronously with respect to processor events, such a DMA transfer could potentially cause data coherency problems. For example, let's assume the virtual memory manager decides to move data from block A to block B in memory. In the prior art, it is possible for the DMA controller to write to block A before the move from block A to block B is complete. If the write to block A occurs at a location that has already been copied to block B, block B now has stale data, which can result in a bus or system crash. Without a way to assure data coherency in a computer system that includes a DMA controller and a virtual memory system, the computer industry will continue to suffer from potential crashes and other problems due to data coherency problems.

Handling DMA requests in a virtual memory environment

International Business Machines Corporation


A data cabling jack device for configuring a plurality of cables on an assembly frame is provided. The data cabling jack device includes a housing and an engaging structure. The housing has an accommodation space, wherein the housing includes a jack side and a cable side opposite to the jack side. The engaging structure is disposed on the housing and has an engaging switch and an engaging portion, wherein the engaging switch is switched between a release position and an engaging position. The release position and the engaging position are respectively disposed nearby the cable side and the jack side. The engaging portion engages the assembly frame when the engaging switch is switched from the release position to the engaging position to drive the engaging portion to protrude out of the assembly frame.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to a data cabling jack device and a data cabling assembly structure; particularly, the present invention relates to a data cabling jack device and a data cabling assembly structure which can increase assembly quality and improve jack structure.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In general, communication technology is continuously developed, and the density of data cables increases gradually, so that the manufacturers often develop connectors and frame systems thereof for constructing a suitable cable assembling system. For example, the cable structure has a connector and a plurality of cables, and the connector is configured on the frame system. In practical applications, the frame system can configure a plurality of cable structures, and the cable structure is disposed on the frame system.
In general, the conventional cable structure has an engaging structure, and the engaging structure can be directly engaged with the frame system while being configured on the frame system. However, configuration error sometimes happens when the technicians configure the cable structure on the frame system. Once configuration error happened, it takes additional time for reconfiguration to adjust the engaging structure from the engaging configuration to the release configuration, indirectly impacting the operation efficiency.
In addition, the conventional cables have various sizes of outer diameter; it immediately impacts the assembly process of the connector and the cables. For instance, if cables having different outer diameters are configured on a cable structure designed for one-size cable, it easily causes an over-tight or an over-loose configuration. Some manufacturers try to utilize screws or other fastening components to improve the connector; however, it not only increases the cost but also complicates the assembly process.
For the above reasons, it is desired to design a cable structure for increasing configuration compatibility and improving the assembly efficiency.

Data cabling jack device and data cabling assembly structure


A method for measuring viscosity in a borehole includes: pumping downhole fluid through at least one tube disposed in a carrier configured to be disposed in a borehole in an earth formation; taking at least one differential pressure measurement of the fluid in the at least one tube via a pressure transducer; and estimating a viscosity of the fluid based on the differential pressure measurement.

Viscometric analysis can be useful for evaluating fluids in a variety of applications, such as subterranean applications. For example, viscometric analysis can be useful for in-situ characterization of downhole fluids. Such characterization can deliver information about, for example, a clean up process during downhole fluid sampling. Viscosity data can also assist with estimation of the American Petroleum Institute ("API") grade of the reservoir oil as well as production planning.


A filter device for an optical sensor, including a hologram having a defined number of holographic functions, which are developed in such a way that the filter device blocks optical radiation that impinges upon the filter device from a defined first solid angle and optical radiation that impinges upon the filter device from a defined second solid angle is able to pass through the filter device.

In the motor vehicle or tool field, conventional lidar sensors in the form of what is called TOF (time of flight) sensors guide transmitted light via a deflection mirror or a transmission optics into the environment and detect reflected radiation in the process.
Lidar sensors are becoming increasingly more important in the context of autonomous and highly automated driving. In addition to radar and video sensors, they offer a further possibility for detecting the environment. They are based on a different measuring principle and thus contribute to the reliability of the measured data points in a sensor data fusion. In most cases, lidar sensors have a field of view that has different extensions in the horizontal and vertical directions. A field of view that horizontally covers a defined angle and is vertically able to detect a defined angle (without calibration tolerances) is required for a functionality of an autonomously driving vehicle. Exemplary values for the mentioned angles are: horizontally approximately 50° and vertically approximately 9°.
Quite different system concepts are used in the mentioned lidar sensors (e.g., micro mirrors, macro mirrors, scanning, rotating, etc.). Some of these concepts use a lens system on the receiving side which collects the light backscattered by the objects and images it onto a detector. If the receiving optics is not moving as well, then such a lens system must image the entire field of view (including calibration tolerances) onto the detector, so that the demands on the field of view may be greater.
In contrast to conventional optics, in the case of holographic optical elements which are realized as volume holograms, the beam deflection is not defined by a refraction but by a diffraction at the volume grating. The holographic optical elements are able to be produced both in transmission and in reflection, and because of the free selection of the angle of incidence and the reflection or diffraction angles, they allow for new designs. The holographic diffraction grating is exposed in a layer of light-sensitive material (e.g., photopolymer, silver halide, etc.). This layer is applied to a substrate (e.g., foil, glass, etc.) which is adapted to the diffraction index. Liquid holographic materials, which have advantages in an application on curved surfaces, for instance, are also conceivable.
Because of the volume diffraction, a characteristic wavelength and angle selectivity or also a filter function may additionally be allocated to the holographic optical elements. Depending on the recording condition (wavelength, angle), only light from defined directions and of defined wavelengths is diffracted at the structure. FIG. 1 illustrates the dependence of the wavelength selectivity in holographic optical elements on the orientation of the holographic grating or also of the alignment and the periodicity of the diffraction grating on the recording condition. A tilting angle of a holographic grating can be seen plotted on the x-axis and a clearance of the interference planes of the holographic gratings plotted in nanometers on the y-axis. The scaling in FIG. 1 represents the spectral selectivity (optically active range) of the gratings. Depending on the grating type (tilting angle and clearance of the interference planes), only a defined wavelength range is diffracted at the structure. This range represents the 20 nm-180 nm scaling in FIG. 1.
The angle and wavelength selectivity of the volume holograms is illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 for a defined geometry and defined material properties. A width of the range in which the wavelength of the light utilized for the playback of the hologram may range and the size of the angular range under which the light beam utilized for this purpose may be incident relative to the alignment of the grating planes in order for the diffraction to take place as desired with sufficient efficiency is specified by the thickness of the holographic layer and the diffraction index modulation. Light of a different wavelength or another angle of incidence is not affected by the hologram. The position of this band of influenceable wavelengths and angles is defined by the wavelength and the angles of incidence of the light beams used for the hologram recording. These recording parameters are represented by the center axis (30° and 450 nm) in FIGS. 2 and 3.
Considered in simpler terms, light that comes from regions outside the field of view does not impinge upon the detector. However, as shown in FIG. 4, this light may take undesired paths (e.g., reflections at the lens edges, multiple reflections between lenses, etc.) through the lens system and thus may reach the sensor after all. These are known as "ghost images".
This stray light is generated by the sun as well, for example, and may therefore reach also very high intensities. In addition, "coffee cup" acoustics, which are conventional, may arise and result in regions in which the light is concentrated.
Although there are conventional measures to remedy such a situation (blackening of the lens edges), they have only a limited effect and a new ghost image analysis has to be carried out with each minor design change of the lens system.


In one embodiment, a method includes estimating a current queuing latency, the estimated current queuing latency being associated with a queue of packets maintained in a buffer. The method also includes calculating a current drop or mark probability, the current drop or mark probability being associated with a probability that packets associated with the queue of packets will be dropped or marked. A rate at which the packets associated with the queue of packets are dequeued from the buffer is estimated in order to estimate the current queuing latency. The current drop or mark probability is calculated using the current estimated queuing latency.

Network nodes or elements, e.g., routers, switches, and hosts, often include buffers that obtain and effectively hold packets for a period of time before allowing the packets to be transmitted through a network, e.g., a packet-switched computer network. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, buffering generally reduces the likelihood that packets are dropped or lost, and allows for network bandwidth to be used efficiently.
As the volume of Internet traffic increases, demands for buffering capabilities increases. Thus, the sizes of buffers incorporated into network nodes are also increasing. As such, the volume of packets that may be stored in a buffer may be excessive. That is, there is often an excess buffering of packets within a network.
Bufferbloat occurs when excess buffering of packets inside a network causes high latency and jitter. Often, bufferbloat also causes overall network throughput to be compromised. High latency, jitter, and loss of overall network throughput generally have an adverse effect on the performance of a network.

Utilizing latency control to alleviate bufferbloat


The present disclosure provides an apparatus for aligning a solar cell element. The apparatus includes a transfer device configured for moving the solar cell element from a first position on a transport device to a second position on a support device, a detection device configured to detect a first orientation of the solar cell element on the transport device and configured to detect a second orientation of the solar cell element held by the transfer device, and a controller configured to change an orientation of the solar cell element held by the transfer device based on at least one of the first orientation and the second orientation to align the solar cell element.

Solar cells are photovoltaic devices that convert sunlight directly into electrical power. Within this field, it is known to produce solar cell modules of a series of solar cell elements. In order to provide high-quality solar cell modules, the individual solar cell elements of the solar cell module should be assembled in a correct and aligned manner. Since individual solar cell elements can be light-weighted, an accurate assembling can be challenging.
In view of the above, new apparatuses and methods for aligning solar cell elements and systems for use in the manufacture of solar cell arrangements, that overcome at least some of the problems in the art are beneficial. The present disclosure particularly aims at providing an improved alignment of solar cell elements used in the manufacture of solar cell modules and/or shingled solar cells.

Apparatus for aligning a solar cell element, system for use in the manufacture of a solar cell arrangement, and method for aligning a solar cell element


A fuel cell power generation system, equipped with a fuel reforming device and a fuel cell body, includes valves, pipelines, a condenser, and a pump for feeding a burner exhaust gas (raw gas) discharged from a heating burner of the fuel reforming device into the fuel reforming device, and an inert gas formation device including an oxidizable and reducible oxygen adsorbent, which is disposed in the pipelines, and adsorbs oxygen in the burner exhaust gas to remove oxygen from the burner exhaust gas and form an inert gas. The fuel cell power generation system can reliably remove residual matter, without leaving it within the fuel reforming device, in a simple manner at a low cost and with a compact configuration.

A fuel cell power generation system is mainly composed of a fuel reforming device and a fuel cell body, and has attracted attention as a dispersed type power source for households, etc. The fuel reforming device converts a fuel gas, such as city gas, into a hydrogen-rich reformed gas, and supplies it to the fuel cell body. The fuel cell body reacts the reformed gas with air electrochemically to generate electrical power.
In such a fuel cell power generation system, if operation is stopped instantaneously, a combustible gas, such as hydrogen or methane, moisture, and so on remains in different parts of the fuel reforming device or the like. During maintenance and inspection, the combustible gas may leak to the outside, or moisture may form dew on a catalyst, deteriorating the catalyst.
Thus, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-277137, for example, proposes to feed air into the fuel reforming device at the time of stopping power generation to fill the fuel reforming device with air, thereby removing residual matter, such as a combustible gas or moisture, from the interior of the fuel reforming device. However, oxygen in the air is likely to deteriorate the catalyst of the fuel reforming device (especially, a Cu/Zn-based LTS catalyst used in a CO conversion reaction).
Hence, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-180908, for example, proposes that a precious metal catalyst minimally deteriorated by oxygen be applied to the fuel reforming device. However, the precious metal catalyst is lower in catalytic efficiency than the Cu/Zn-based catalyst (about 1/5 to 1/10 expressed as volume ratio), thus resulting in the upsizing of the fuel reforming device, and posing difficulty in heating the entire device uniformly.
In the light of these disadvantages, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-277137, for example, proposes performing a combustion reaction between a fuel gas or a reformed gas and air to produce an inert gas mainly consisting of nitrogen and carbon dioxide; storing the inert gas in a tank for a while; and withdrawing the inert gas from the tank when stopping operation to fill the inert gas into the fuel reforming device, thereby removing residual matter, such as a combustible gas or moisture, from within the fuel reforming device.
Moreover, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-277138, for example, shows a system newly provided with a second fuel cell body different from the fuel cell body for power generation, and proposes performing an electrochemical reaction between a reformed gas and air, or air discharged from the fuel cell body for power generation, in the second fuel cell body to discharge low-oxygen, nitrogen-rich exhaust air from the second fuel cell body, so as to utilize it as an inert gas; and, when stopping operation, filling the inert gas into the fuel reforming device, thereby removing residual matter, such as a combustible gas or moisture, from within the fuel reforming device.
With the aforementioned means proposed in the above-described Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-277137, however, unless the fuel gas or reformed gas and air are subjected to the combustion reaction stoichiometrically equally, oxygen or the combustible gas remains in the inert gas. This makes it actually difficult to produce the inert gas. Also, the tank for storage of the inert gas has to be rendered ready for use, causing the upsizing and cost increase of the system.
These are marked disadvantages to the utilization of the system as a dispersed type power source for households.
With the aforementioned means proposed in the above-described Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-277138, on the other hand, air discharged as a result of the electrochemical reaction between the reformed gas and air, or air discharged from the fuel cell body for power generation, performed in the second fuel cell body is utilized as the inert gas. Thus, oxygen is not entirely consumed in the second fuel cell body, but remains in the inert gas. This makes it actually difficult to produce a complete inert gas. Also, the fuel cell body for production of the inert gas has to be rendered ready for use, thereby causing the upsizing and cost increase of the system. These are marked disadvantages to the utilization of the system as a dispersed type power source for households.
Under these circumstances, it is the object of the present invention to provide a technology which can reliably remove residual matter, such as a combustible gas or moisture, and oxygen, without leaving them within a fuel reforming device of a fuel cell power generation system, at a low cost and with a compact configuration.

Fuel cell power generation system and method for operating the same


A binaural sound reproduction apparatus includes a correction filter operable to filter an input sound signal that is recorded using a binaural recording microphone and to supply the filtered signal to a headphone, an adaptive filter to which the input sound signal is supplied, and a difference detector determining a difference between a sound signal that is obtained by collecting a sound reproduced by the headphone using a sound-collecting microphone that is the same as the binaural recording microphone, or that has a similar characteristic to that of the binaural recording microphone, and a sound signal output from the adaptive filter, and for transmitting the difference to the adaptive filter. The adaptive filter determines the inverse of a synthesis characteristic from the headphone to the sound-collecting microphone based on the input sound signal and the difference, and sets the determined characteristic as a characteristic of the correction filter.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of audio signal processing, specifically, to a binaural sound reproduction apparatus and method.
2. Description of the Related Art
One known method for recording sound from sound sources placed in an acoustic space with maintaining information about the direction of incoming sound and reproducing the sound is a binaural method.
In the binaural method, sound signals recorded by a stereo recording method for recording sound using small microphones around or in the right and left ear canals, in principle, these microphones, are reproduced by a headphone or the like with high fidelity in the ear canals around or in which the microphones are placed. The binaural method allows high-fidelity reproduction of a sound field in the recording site. This method can be implemented by a simple sound recording and reproduction apparatus, and is often used in the field of live recording as a convenient stereo acoustic recording and reproduction method.
The most effective binaural experience is real-head recording and reproduction in which a sound recorded in the ear is reproduced in the ear. This method provides good matching of the so-called head-related transfer function (HRTF), and allows for natural tone (or optimum frequency-amplitude characteristics), optimum sound image localization, high sound image quality, etc.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 6-217400 discloses a binaural sound recording and reproducing method that allows a listener to receive a reverberant sound in the sound-collecting system in three-dimensional perception of sound while localizing a sound source with natural tone in front of the listener.

Binaural sound reproduction apparatus and method, and recording medium


Disclosed is a forensic system capable of enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of classification work of whether to submit document information as evidence in a lawsuit by highlighting a portion including a specific keyword in a unit of a sentence. The forensic system includes: a database that registers a keyword for determining by a user whether a plurality of pieces of document information included in the digital information is related to a lawsuit; a retrieving unit that retrieves the keyword registered in the database from the document information; a sentence extracting unit that extracts a sentence including the retrieved keyword from the document information; a score calculating unit that calculates a score indicating a degree of relevance to the lawsuit using a feature value extracted from the sentence extracted by the sentence extracting unit; and a highlighting unit that changes a degree of highlighting of the sentence according to the score.

In the related art, when a crime or a legal dispute relating to a computer such as unauthorized access or confidential information leakage occurs, means or a technique for collecting and analyzing devices, data or electronic records necessary for cause examination or criminal investigation to clarify legal evidentiality has been proposed.
Further, in a US civil suit, since eDiscovery (electronic discovery) or the like is required, both an accuser and a defendant in a lawsuit should submit related digital information as evidence. Thus, digital information recorded in a computer or a server should be presented as evidence.
On the other hand, in the current business world, since most information is prepared by a computer due to the rapid development and spread of IT technology, a large amount of digital information is oversupplied even in the same company.
For this reason, in the course of performing preparation work for producing evidentiary materials for a court of law, an error in which even confidential digital information that is not necessarily related to a lawsuit is included as the evidentiary materials may easily occur. Further, confidential document information that is not related to the lawsuit may also be produced.
In recent years, a technique relating to document information in a forensic system has been proposed in PTL to PTL 3. PTL 1 discloses a forensic system that designates a specific person from at least one target person included in target person information related to a document submission order, extracts only digital document information that is accessed by the specific person based on access history information relating to the designated specific person, sets accessory information indicating whether each of the document files of the extracted digital document information is related to the lawsuit, and outputs a document file relating to the lawsuit based on the accessory information.
Further, PTL 2 discloses a forensic system that displays recorded digital information, sets target person specifying information indicating which person among target persons included in target person information each of the plurality of document files relates to, sets the set target person specific information to be recorded in a storing unit, designates at least one target person, retrieves a document file in which the target person specific information corresponding to the designated target person is set, sets accessory information indicating whether the retrieved document file is related to a lawsuit, and outputs the document file relating to the lawsuit based on the accessory information through a display unit.
In addition, PTL 3 discloses a forensic system that receives designation of at least one document file included in digital document information, receives designation of a language for translating the designated document file, translates the document file in which the designation is received into the language in which the designation is received, extracts a common document file that represents the same content as that of the designated document file from the digital document information recorded in a recording unit, generates translation related information indicating that the extracted common document file is translated by quoting the translation content of the translated document file, and outputs a document file relating to a lawsuit based on the translation relevance information.

Forensic system, forensic method, and forensic program


A processing arrangement for manufacturing composite cementitious materials, such as hydraulic blended cements, with significantly reduced Portland clinker minerals content. The arrangement includes a milling unit for pregrinding supplementary cementitious materials and highly reactive pozzolans or mineral fillers, such as fly ash, blast furnace slag, fine quartz, granitic quarry fines, and the like, and a milling unit for pregrinding the Portland cement. The pregrinding units are followed by grinding unit for grinding the preground components. The pregrinding units are adapted to work as an open circuit or as a closed circuit for the material being ground.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a processing system for manufacturing composite cementitious materials as hydraulic blended cements with significantly reduced Portland clinker minerals content. The materials include an increased quantity of supplementary cementitious materials, such as, for example, fly ash, blast furnace slag, fine quartz, granitic quarry fines, and the like, along with highly reactive pozzolans or mineral fillers, such as, for example, fly ash, blast furnace slag, fine quartz, granitic quarry fines, and the like, for direct replacement of a part of the Portland cement in concrete mixtures. Such mixtures are therefore characterized by a significantly improved environmental profile.
2. Description of the Related Art
It is well known that each ton of production of standard Portland cement is accompanied by the release of about one ton of carbon dioxide. About half of that quantity comes from the decarbonation of limestone within the kiln and the other half from energy consumption, primarily within the kiln.
It follows that the only way in which the cement industry can achieve meaningful reductions in carbon dioxide emissions is by reduction of Portland clinker production and an increased use of fillers.
Traditional plants for the production of blended cement include the intergrinding of Portland cement clinker with different types of microfillers, for example, blast furnace slag, fly ash, limestone, and the like, mainly in rotating ball mills. Such methods do not provide more than about 20 to 25% of Portland clinker replacement by fly ash, and approximately 30 to 50% by blast furnace slag, without a significant negative influence on the cement performance, such as a sharp increase of setting time, a very low strength development during the curing period of from 0 to 28 days, and the like. It takes up to 3 times longer, such as 2 to 3 months, to achieve the 28-day strength of traditional Portland cement concretes. At the same time, high volume fly ash (HVFA) cements do have significant benefits in comparison with traditional Portland cements.
The introduction of fly ash or other types of fillers, for example fines from granitic quarries or quartz sand fines, for replacement of Portland cement directly in the concrete mixer in amounts more that 15 to 20% is not efficient, and it could negatively influence the performance of the concrete (reduced strength, etc).
Existing methods of grinding and mechanical activation of such fillers could give some improvement, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,630,022, but it appears to be economically ineffective, and it allows replacement of only 20% of Portland cement without experiencing a reduction of the concrete compressive strength.
In International Patent Application No. PCT/SE03/001009 (Publication No. WO 2004/041746 A1) there is described a process for producing a blended cement. The blended cement contains Portland cement that is mixed thoroughly with a microfiller, and possibly a water reducing agent, to a dry cement mixture, along with fine supplementary cementitious materials selected from the materials blast furnace slag, fly ash, quartz, silica, and amorphous silicon dioxide. According to the disclosure in that application, supplementary materials are subjected to a grinding step in a dry state, and the supplementary ground materials are then subjected to grinding together with at least 20% by weight of the total grinding mass of a highly reactive cement mixture in a dry state. A polymer in the form of a powdery water-reducing agent is also added.
A problem in producing such a cement mixture is that in order to obtain the desired result the fineness of the components must be strictly controlled. This is especially true for a plant where the cement mixture is produced in a continuous way.
The present invention is directed to such a continuous production plant.

Processing system for manufacturing composite cementitious materials with reduced carbon dioxide emissions


A hand held electronic device that includes a main body with a connector adapted to electrically and mechanically connect the main body to an electronic game separate from the device, and a method for using the same. First and second ports of the main body are sized to receive first and second game cartridges of the electronic game, respectively. Each of the first and second ports have an electrical connection that is electrically connectable to the respective first and second game cartridges. The device includes a processor adapted to electrically connect the electronic game to the first and second game cartridges through the first and second ports of the main body.

Most conventional hand held electronic games, such as a GAMEBOY™ or GAMEBOY™ Advance SP, typically accommodate only one game or game cartridge. These conventional electronic games include a single game cartridge port for receiving a single game cartridge selected by the player. This limits the player to a single game and requires the player to remove the game cartridge currently inserted into the port of the electronic game and insert a second or new game cartridge into the port in order to play a different game.
Examples of conventional electronic games and gaming systems include U.S. Pat. No. 6,530,570 to Ku; U.S. Pat. No. 6,042,478 to Ng; U.S. Pat. No. 5,984,784 to Ho; U.S. Pat. No. 5,114,157 to Kita; U.S. Pat. No. 4,596,390 to Studley; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,516,777 to Nikora, the subject matter of each of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Hand held electrical device and method for using the same


A dispatching system that uses a common interface to interface with all sub-applications, regardless of their logic models. The common interface provides a service method or routine that the dispatching system invokes to effect processing by the sub-application. Each sub-application implements the common interface and shares a common context with the other sub-applications. In one embodiment, the dispatching system receives requests (e.g., HTTP requests), identifies the sub-applications that should process the received requests, and invokes the service routines of the identified sub-applications to process the received requests. Each sub-application may have an associated match criteria that indicates when the sub-application should process the requests.

Many companies are now allowing their customers to remotely access their computer systems. These companies believe that the providing of such access will give the company an advantage over their competitors. For example, they believe that a customer may be more likely to order from a company that provides computer systems through which that customer can submit and then track their orders. The applications for these computer systems may have been developed by the companies specially to provide information or services that the customers can remotely access, or the applications may have been used internally by the companies and are now being made available to the customers. For example, a company may have previously used an application internally to identify an optimum configuration for equipment that is to be delivered to a particular customer's site. By making such an application available to the customer, the customer is able to identify the optimum configuration themselves based on their current requirements, which may not be necessarily known to the company. The rapid growth of the Internet and its ease of use has helped to spur making such remote access available to customers.
Because of the substantial benefits from providing such remote access, companies often find that various groups within the company undertake independent efforts to provide their customers with access to their applications. As a result, a company may find that these groups may have used very different and incompatible logic models. For example, one application may be based on a request-response logic model, and another application may be a legacy system that performs processing of data provided in a file. A company may want to provide the functionality of both applications to its customers through a single and consistent user interface so that these applications appear to the customers as a single "overall application." It may, however, be very difficult, time consuming, and error prone to combine the functionality of both applications into a single application. It would thus be desirable to have a technique that would allow applications that use disparate logic models to provide the appearance of a single overall application.

Method and system for dispatching service requests to sub-applications


Systems and methods are described for provisioning access credentials to a mobile device using device and authorization codes. Once provisioned, a mobile device can be used to conduct a transaction.

There is a need for a more convenient authentication process during the provisioning of credentials. Credentials may include access tokens that can access various resources such as goods, services, data, or specific venues or locations. Such credentials may be provisioned to a mobile device such as a mobile phone so that the mobile phone can use the credentials to access various resources.
One problem that is associated with the provisioning of credentials is that credentials can be provisioned by one entity, while another entity may actually authorize the provisioning. The different entities utilize different systems and the coordination between such systems is difficult. It is also difficult to ensure that the entity that is requesting the provisioning is in fact authorized to do so and that the device that is being provisioned is the right device. More convenient, efficient, and/or secure credential provisioning methods and systems are needed.
Embodiments of the invention address these and other problems, individually and collectively.

Provisioning of access credentials using device codes


A disc-shaped optical record carrier includes a first area having a spiral track extending in a first direction from an inner side on the disc, and a second area having a spiral track extending in a second direction opposite to the first direction, from an outer side on the disc located on the same plane as the first area on the disc, wherein one of the first and second areas is assigned a recordable area and the other is assigned a read only area.

The present invention relates generally to record carriers to be recorded and/or reproduced by optical means, and drive units for driving the record carriers, and more particularly to a disc-shaped record carrier having a characterized record structure or format, and a drive unit for recording and/or reproducing the record carrier. The present invention is suitable, for example, for an optical disc that includes both a read only (referred to as "ROM" hereinafter) area that allows a reproduction of prerecorded data, and a recordable (referred to as "RAM" hereinafter) area that may record new or additional data.
Optical discs, spread as an optical record carrier, include ROM media, such as a CD-ROM and a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), write-once CD-Rs, other various magneto-optical record carriers, and phase change record carriers, such as a DVD-RAM. Along with the recent developing information industry, demands to optical record carriers have ranged not only the higher density but also efficient arrangements and applications of a wide variety of information. An optical disc that makes available both ROM and RAM areas has been conventionally proposed so as to meet one of such demands For example, the DVD standard stipulates for an adhesion of two disc plates and an adhesion of one disc plate to a dummy disc plate with prerecorded surface (or signal surface) facing up. An optical disc with a ROM area on its one surface and a RAM area on its other surface has been known in the art as disclosed, for example, in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 10-228673, but there exists a demand to provide one disc surface with both ROM and RAM areas.
Accordingly, the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standard (e.g., ISO/IEC13963) regulates a partial ROM type magneto-optical disc including a pre-pit formed ROM area, and a data record area formed by address data pits and servo grooves on the same plate. In addition, a certain type, such as a DVD-RAM, forms a ROM area for storing control and other information for the entire disc on its inner (circumference) portion and a RAM area on its outer (circumference) portion. It has also been known in the art to provide both RAM and ROM areas on the same plane in one optical disc as disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent No. 3,063,641.
For example, it is conceivable to form the ROM and RAM areas along one spiral track and to assign consecutive addresses to it. However, this would change addresses in the RAM area depending upon a length of ROM data and disadvantageously make undefined disc's control area that stores exchange and other information, resulting in the unstable recording and reproducing actions. In addition, without the prefixed capacity of the ROM area, the efficient arrangement of the data record area would be unavailable and it would be difficult to efficiently record data in a finite record area in a disc. Moreover, a drastic change in conventional drive's structure would undesirably make the drive larger, more complicated, and more expensive.
Thus, the way of arranging, addressing, recording and/or reproducing ROM and RAM areas would be critical for an optical disc having these ROM and RAM areas on the same plane.

Optical record carrier, drive unit, data updating method and software version-up method


A semiconductor device has a chip mounting part, a first semiconductor chip, and a second semiconductor chip. The first semiconductor chip is mounted over the chip mounting part in a direction in which its first principal plane faces the chip mounting part. A part of the second semiconductor chip is mounted over the chip mounting part in a direction in which its third principal plane faces the first semiconductor chip. The element mounting part has a notch part. A part of the second semiconductor chip overlaps the notch part. In a region of the third principal plane of the second semiconductor chip that overlaps the notch part, a second electrode pad is provided.

The present invention relates to a semiconductor device and is a technology applicable, for example, to a semiconductor device in which two semiconductor chips are layered.
Among the semiconductor devices, there is a device in which two semiconductor chips of a first semiconductor chip and a second semiconductor chip are layered with element formation planes thereof made to face mutually (for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2011-54800). A technology described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2011-54800 is one that makes the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip transmit and receive a signal therebetween. Specifically, an inductor is formed in each of the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip, and these inductors are faced mutually. Then, transmission and reception of the signal is performed between the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip by transmitting and receiving the signal between these inductors.
Moreover, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2011-54800 describes a semiconductor device in which the first semiconductor chip is mounted over an element mounting part of a lead frame, and further the second semiconductor chip is mounted over this first semiconductor chip. In this semiconductor device, a part of an element formation plane of the second semiconductor chip protrudes from the first semiconductor chip. Then, the second semiconductor chip and a lead terminal are coupled by using a bonding wire.


An organic electroluminescent device comprises, between an anode and a cathode, a hole injection layer, a hole-transporting layer, a luminous layer and an electron-transporting layer, wherein the hole injection layer contains an arylamine compound (α) having three or more triphenylamine skeletons, the hole-transporting layer contains an arylamine compound (β) having two triphenylamine skeletons, and the electron-transporting layer contains an electron-transporting compound having an anthracene ring skeleton and a pyridoindole ring skeleton. The organic EL device emits light highly efficiently, drives on a low voltage, and features excellent durability and long life.

An organic EL device is a spontaneously luminous device which features higher brightness and higher legibility than those of the liquid crystal devices enabling vivid display to be attained and has, therefore, been vigorously studied.
In 1987, C. W. Tang et al. of the Eastman Kodak Co. have developed a device of a layer-laminated structure comprising various kinds of materials to bear individual roles, and have put an organic EL device using organic materials into a practical use. The above organic EL device is constituted by laminating a fluorescent body capable of transporting electrons and an organic material capable of transporting holes. Upon injecting both electric charges into the layer of the fluorescent body to emit light, the device is capable of attaining a brightness of as high as 1000 cd/m2 or more with a voltage of not higher than 10 V.
So far, very many improvements have been made to put the organic EL device to practical use. For example, the organic EL device has been widely known having a structure comprising an anode, a hole injection layer, a hole-transporting layer, a luminous layer, an electron-transporting layer, an electron injection layer and a cathode which are arranged in this order on a substrate more finely dividing their roles than ever before. The device of this kind is achieving a high efficiency and a high durability.
To further improve the luminous efficiency, attempts have been made to utilize triplet excitons and study has been forwarded to utilize a phosphorescent luminous compound.
In the organic EL device, the electric charges injected from the two electrodes recombine together in the luminous layer to emit light. Here, to improve the luminous efficiency, to lower the driving voltage and to lengthen the life, it is necessary that the device has excellent carrier balance enabling the electrons and holes to be efficiently injected and transported, and enabling them to be efficiently recombined together.
As the hole injection material used for the organic EL device, there were, first, proposed phthalocyanines such as copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) (e.g., see a patent document 1) accompanied, however, by an absorption in the visible band. Therefore, materials having a phenylenediamine structure have now been widely used (see a patent document 2).
As the hole-transporting material, on the other hand, arylamine materials having a benzidine skeleton have heretofore been used (see a patent document 3).
Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) which is a representative luminous material has been generally used as the electron-transporting material. However, the electron mobility possessed by the Alq3 is lower than the hole mobility possessed by the hole-transporting material that is generally used. Besides, the work function of the Alq3 is 5.8 eV which cannot be said to be a sufficiently large hole blocking power. Therefore, use of the above hole-transporting material is accompanied by a problem in that the holes partly pass through the luminous layer to deteriorate the efficiency.
In order to efficiently inject the holes or the electrons from the anode and cathode into the luminous layer, further, there has been developed a device obtained by laminating the hole injection layers and the electron injection layers each in a number of two or more layers to set stepwise the ionization potential values and the values of electron affinity possessed by the materials (see a patent document 4). With the materials that are used, however, none of the luminous efficiency, driving voltage or device life is still satisfactory.
At present, in order to improve properties of the organic EL devices, attempts have been made to attain a high efficiency, a low driving voltage and a long life maintaining good carrier balance by using in combination materials that excel in hole and electron injection/transport property and in maintaining stability and durability in the form of thin films.


A regulable hydraulic dashpot for motor vehicles and including a cylinder (1) filled with hydraulic fluid and a piston (2) that is attached to the end of a piston rod (7), travels back and forth inside the cylinder, and divides it into two chambers (3 and 4) that communicate through at least one bypass. The bypass""s cross-section can be varied in size by a component that is, preferably continuously, controlled by a motor or magnet. To facilitate adjusting the dashpot, the cross-section varying component is a plate-shaped slide (23) provided with one or more breaches (25) and traveling from side to side, preferably in a slot (24), with its flat surface (27) subjected to fluid from each cylinder chamber alternately by way of channels (14, 15, and 16).

The present invention concerns regulable dashpots for motor vehicles and a method of adjusting such a dashpot.
Dashpots are manufactured regulable to allow adaptation of a motor vehicle""s performance to given driving and road conditions. Additional regulable bypass valves are accordingly assigned to the shock-absorbing valves in the dashpot""s piston. The regulation is usually carried out by way of electronic programs that control the level of attenuation in accordance with the results of such various measurements as vehicle speed, steering-wheel state, and travel dynamics.
A regulable dashpot is known from German 4 011 358 C1 and GB 2 222 227 A. These dashpots employ a motor to adjust a positioning component. The motor rotates or displaces a bell or rotating component in relation to a main interior bore provided with subsidiary radial bores.
These dashpots have drawbacks. The rotation or displacement requires both powerful adjustment forces and powerful retaining forces in that the rapid flow inside the bypass valve can lead to unintended self-adjustment and especially to total closing. This can have two results. Either the motor or the corresponding magnet is too large to fit inside the dashpot or some or all of the excess heat generated therein is too high to divert. Adjustments accordingly have to be undertaken outside the dashpot itself. This requirement, however, further aggravates the problems encountered in retention and control.
Another regulable dashpot of the genus is known from German 19 850 152 C1. The problems of powerful adjustment and stabilization forces are solved in this dashpot by hydraulically relieving a component of the controls, a stroke piston.
This embodiment, however, has the drawback that the controls component is composed of many parts. It also requires a complicated system of channels and check valves in that the hydraulic relief employs additional channels.
The object of the present invention is a simpler controls component that will demand less powerful adjustment and retaining forces.
The present invention has several advantages. It exploits simple means to keep the adjustment and retaining forces low-powered. Of particular advantage from this aspect is that the valve will have a very high level of self-retention even when the pressure differences are extensive, counteracting any powerful induced adjustment forces.

Regulable dashpot for motor vehicles, and method of adjusting such a dashpot


The present invention provides compounds useful as inhibitors of c-Met tyrosine kinase. The invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising the compounds of the invention and methods of using the compositions in the treatment of various proliferative disorders.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), also known as scatter factor, is a multi-functional growth factor that enhances transformation and tumor development by inducing mitogenesis and cell motility. Further, HGF promotes metastasis by stimulating cell motility and invasion through various signaling pathways. In order to produce cellular effects, HGF must bind to its receptor, c-Met, a receptor tyrosine kinase. c-Met, a widely expressed heterodimeric protein comprising of a 50 kilodalton (kDa) α-subunit and a 145 kDa β-subunit (Maggiora et al., J. Cell Physiol., 173:183-186, 1997), is overexpressed in a significant percentage of human cancers and is amplified during the transition between primary tumors and metastasis. The various cancers in which c-Met overexpression is implicated include, but are not limited to, gastric adenocarcinoma, renal cancer, small cell lung carcinoma, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, brain cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer. c-Met is also implicated in atherosclerosis and lung fibrosis. Accordingly, there is a great need to develop compounds useful as inhibitors of c-Met protein kinase receptor.


A method for measuring a distance between a lower end surface of a heat insulating member and a surface of a raw material melt with a reference reflector provided at a lower end of the heat insulating member which is located above the surface of the raw material melt when a silicon single crystal is pulled up by a Czochralski method while a magnetic field is applied to the raw material melt in a crucible is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of contacting a projection made of quartz, silicon or carbon with the surface of the raw material melt, the projection being longer that the reference reflector and having a length corresponding to an initial distance; electrically detecting the contact between the projection and the melt surface, and observing an initial location of a mirror image of the reference reflector by a camera when the distance between the lower end surface of the heat insulating member and the surface of the raw material melt has been adjusted so as to be the initial distance, the mirror image being reflected on the surface of the raw material melt; and while pulling the silicon single crystal, measuring a travel distance of the mirror image from the initial location by the camera and calculating the distance between the lower end surface of the heat insulating member and the surface of the raw material melt from the initial travel distance of the mirror image.

As a method for manufacturing a silicon single crystal used for manufacturing a semiconductor device, a Czochralski method (CZ method) for growing and at the same time pulling a silicon single crystal from a raw material melt in a quartz crucible is widely performed. In a CZ method, a seed crystal is dipped in a raw material melt (a silicon melt) in a quartz crucible in an inert gas atmosphere, and then both the quartz crucible and the seed crystal are rotated and at the same time the seed crystal is pulled so as to grow a silicon single crystal of a desired diameter.
In recent years, grown-in defect in a silicon wafer becomes a problem due to the development of high integration and the resulting miniaturization of semiconductor devices. Crystal defect is a factor degrading characteristics of semiconductor devices, and influences more increasingly with the development of miniaturization of a device. As such a grown-in defect, octahedral void-state defect, which is an aggregate of vacancies in the silicon single crystal produced by a CZ method (See Analysis of side-wall structure of grown-in twin-type octahedral defects in Czochralski silicon, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 37 (1998) p-p. 1667-1670), a dislocation cluster formed as an aggregate of interstitial silicon (See Evaluation of micro defects in as-grown silicon crystals, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 262 (1992) p-p 51-56) and the like are known.
It is shown that the introduced amount of each of these grown-in defects is determined by temperature gradient of the crystal on its growing interface and the growth rate of the silicon single crystal. (See the mechanism of swirl defects formation in silicon, Journal of Crystal growth, 1982, p-p 625-643.) As methods for manufacturing a low-defect silicon single crystal utilizing this principle, publication of Unexamined Japanese Patent Application No. H6-56588, for example, discloses a method slowing the growth rate of the silicon single crystal, while publication of Unexamined Japanese Patent Application No. H7-257991 discloses a method for pulling the silicon single crystal at a rate not exceeding the maximum pulling rate which is approximately proportional to the temperature gradient of the boundary region between the solid phase and the liquid phase of the silicon single crystal. Other methods such as an improved CZ method in which the temperature gradient (G) and growth rate (V) during the crystal growth are focused (See "Japanese Association for Crystal Growth", vol. 25, No. 5, 1998) are also reported. It is thus necessary to control highly precisely the temperature gradient of the crystal.
In these methods, a structure (heat insulating member) for insulating radiant heat in a form of a cylinder or an inverted cone is provided around the silicon single crystal to be grown above the melt surface so as to control the temperature gradient of the crystal. Since the temperature gradient of the crystal at a high temperature of the crystal can be thereby increased, it is advantageous for obtaining a defect-free crystal at a high speed. In order to control accurately the temperature gradient of the crystal, however, the distance between the surface of the raw material melt and the lower end surface of the heat insulating member located above the surface of the raw material melt (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as DPM) is necessary to be controlled highly precisely to be a predetermined distance. It has been difficult with a conventional method, however, to control the DPM precisely such that the DPM is the predetermined distance.
In addition, as the crystal diameter increases, the location of the melt surface varies very much depending on the weight (varying thickness), deformation during operation and expansion of the quartz crucible, so that the location of the melt surface varies per batch of the crystal growth, which is a problem. Therefore, it becomes more difficult to control the interval between the melt surface and the heat insulating member precisely such that the interval is a predetermined interval.
In order to improve these problems, it is proposed in publication of Unexamined Japanese Patent Application No. H6-116083, for example, to provide a reference reflector in a CZ furnace and to measure a relative distance between a real image of the reference reflector and a mirror image of the reference reflector reflected on the melt surface so as to measure the distance between the reference reflector and the melt surface. This method is for precisely controlling the interval between the melt surface and the heat insulating member based on the measurement result such that the interval is a predetermined interval.
Furthermore, publication of Unexamined Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-342095 discloses a method in which curve of the raw material melt due to the rotation of the crucible is considered in order to obtain the stability of the mirror image of the reference reflector.
In these methods, the real image of the reference reflector and the mirror image of the reference reflector are captured by a detecting means such as an optical camera or the like. The brightness of the captured real and mirror images of the reference reflector is quantized to two levels (binarization process) by determining a constant threshold (threshold for binarization level). In other words, a brighter location and a darker location than the threshold for binarization level are distinguished. Then by measuring where the edge is located and by converting the measured value, the distance between the real image and the mirror image is measured.
However, there is a problem that the distance between the reference reflector and the melt surface cannot be stably and accurately measured since the brightness of the mirror image of the reference reflector reflected on the melt surface is changed over the time period of the crystal growth process and as a result a detection value by the optical camera before the binarization varies, or since a noise which is not a mirror image of the reference reflector such as a splash of melt attached to a structural part in the CZ furnace is detected.
As an another problem, if a raw material melt is contained in a quartz crucible having a bore diameter of 800 mm or more, and a silicon single crystal having a diameter of 300 mm or more is manufactured without applying a magnetic field, the melt surface is fluctuated, so that an accurate location of the melt surface cannot be stably detected. A relative distance between the reference reflector and the melt surface cannot be measured stably and accurately in this case either.
If the measuring result of the relative distance between the reference reflector and the melt surface is inaccurate, the interval between the melt surface and the heat insulating member cannot be controlled precisely to be a determined interval. As a result, a silicon single crystal with a desired quality cannot be manufactured with preferable productivity.

Method for measuring distance between lower end surface of heat insulating member and surface of raw material melt and method for controlling thereof


Various methods and apparatus are described that use a filter. A receiver may be configured to receive multi-tone signals. The receiver has a Time Domain Equalizer filter employing an algorithm to shorten a length of an incoming impulse response to equal to or less than a guard period by calculating a minimum mean square error solution in combination with measuring an inter-symbol interference of a channel.

A Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) communication system carries information from a transmitter to a receiver over a number of tones. The tones are also commonly referred to as sub-carriers or sub-channels. The tones use a modulation method in which the available bandwidth of a communication channel, such as twisted-pair copper media, is divided into these numerous sub channels.
In the receiver, the data for each sub channel is typically extracted from the time-domain data by taking the Fourier transform of a block of samples from the multiple tone signal. Since the communication channel frequency response is not flat, the impulse response of the channel has non-zero width that causes inter-symbol interference (ISI). The ISI results from the transmitter generating a narrow well defined pulse in time, such as a rectangular shaped pulse, and by the point in time the pulse travels over the communication channel and the receiver detects and samples this pulse, the shape of the pulse has changed to a rippling wave many times the width in time of the initial pulse width. The ISI causes interdependency between successive blocks of received data such that a simple Fourier transform of each block does not correctly decode the transmitted data anymore. Thus, a first block of sampled time-domain data may slightly overlap in time with the next block of sampled time-domain data corrupting the transmitted data.
Typically, the multi-tone communication system uses filters in the receiver to retrieve the transmitted information and to minimize the ISI errors. A Time-domain Equalizer (TEQ) may employ a number of algorithms to calculate the TEQ coefficients that focus on different communication characteristics such as a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), minimizing the inter-symbol interference, minimizing a mean-square error between a target channel and the actual channel.
Some of these algorithms try to maximize the overall signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). These algorithms tend to be very complex and not suitable for real-time implementations. A TEQ filter may use a minimum mean-square error (MMSE) algorithm to solve for TEQ filter coefficients that are based on the assumption of a known channel delay value, d to aid in retrieving the transmitted information. Other algorithms, try to minimize the inter-symbol interference (MIN-ISI) of the channel. The main objective in these algorithms is to minimize the total power of the final impulse response outside a guard period. Although these MIN-ISI algorithms are easier to implement, the resulting performance after applying these algorithms to the multiple tone signal is usually lower than applying a MMSE solution.

Multicarrier communication using a time domain equalizing filter


A computerized method for managing objects created in a directory service of a distributed computing environment, including a component for backing up and restoring a single or plurality of directory service objects, a component for delegating security privileges to permit access to directory service objects, a component for retrieving data in policy storage format and representing the data in human-readable form, a component having a graphical user interface including a display capable of searching and reporting policy storage data in human readable form, a component capable of replicating a single or plurality of directory service objects across the domain tree boundaries of the directory service, a component for analyzing the effect a particular setting will have on a particular target represented as a directory service object before the setting is added to the directory service.

Personal computers (PCs) are widely used in homes and work environments alike. A common configuration for using computers in a work environment is the client-server local area network (LAN). In a LAN, each computer is connected by communication links to a main computer, known as a server. The server controls access to data files and other resources (e.g., printers and modems) located in the LAN that may be shared by the client computers. Multiple LANs may be connected to form larger networks. Alternatively, individual computers or entire LANs may be interconnected using a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet.
Computers in a LAN or WAN environment (clients and servers) use an operating system. An operating system is a program or set of programs that runs on the computer to allow other programs to be executed. The operating system also provides an interface between the computer and the user. The operating system converts high-level commands from programs, such as print commands or requests for memory, into low-level system functions that implement the print operation or allocate the requested memory.
In a distributed computing environment (i.e., LANS and WANs), the physical topology of the network includes many networks objects (e.g., file servers, printers, applications, computers, and users). These network objects are often shared among various users. Some operating systems can store information about these network objects in a central database often referred to as a directory. In addition to storing the information in a directory, some operating systems have the capability of making the stored information about network objects available to users. This capability is often referred to as a directory service. Typically, the directory service acts as a main switchboard of the network's operating system.
Some directory services support the generation and implementation of policies. Policies are a set of enforceable parameters that control the operation and functionality of computers and peripheral hardware devices used by the computer (e.g., printers). Policies are utilized in both distributed computing environments (e.g., local area networks or wide area networks) and stand-alone computers. In a distributed computing environment, policies may be generated and stored in a central computer (e.g., a server computer) and downloaded to the individual computers linked to the network (e.g., workstation computers) each time a user logs on to the network. In a stand-alone computer, policies are generated and stored locally on the computer.

Method for managing objects created in a directory service


A phasing voltage meter comprises first and second probes. Each probe comprises an insulated shield supporting an electrode for contacting a high voltage electrical conductor. The shield houses a high voltage resistor connected in series with the electrode. A capacitance formed by a metallic collar across the resistor compensates for stray capacitance across the resistor. A meter comprises a housing enclosing electrode circuit for measuring phasing voltage. The electrical circuit measures voltage across the electrodes and provides an output representing phasing voltage.

Electrical power distribution systems often include overhead electrical power distribution lines mounted upon poles by a wide variety of mounting structure. Other distribution systems include underground distribution lines in which protected cables run under the ground surface. It is often necessary to take phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground voltage measurements across distribution and transmission lines while testing for induced or live power line or equipment.
Known high voltage safety line detectors, meters and testers comprise high resistance probes connected in series with a calibrated panel meter to read the voltage across the phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground terminals. They are designed for use as safety tools by high voltage line maintenance workers to verify the status of the line or equipment as nominal, induced or de-energized voltage. Known devices for providing such measurements include contact type and non-contact type. With contact type a reference probe or transmitter and a meter probe or receiver are connected in series with a cable as the loop is closed with load terminals.
The high resistance probes include a high voltage resistor connected in series with an electrode. The voltage distribution along the length of the high voltage resistor is non-uniform due to stray capacitance. This can result in errors in voltage measurement and provide unequal electrical stress distribution along the high voltage resistor.
Particularly, the high voltage measurement is carried out by using high voltage resistors in the phasing meter. One type of phasing meter uses a micro ammeter method of measurement. The voltage applied across the resistor leads to current flow in a meter circuit and amount of current flow corresponds to the voltage being measured. Another method is known as the voltage divider method and the phasing meter includes high value resistors producing a high voltage drop and a low value resistor producing a low voltage drop. The line to line or line to ground high voltage is applied across the resistors which are in series and the voltage drop across the low value resistor corresponds to the actual voltage being measured.
A high voltage resistor used in a phasing meter may have a non-uniform voltage distribution along the length of the resistor and creates instability due to stray capacitance between resistance portions to ground. The voltage stress is not uniform across the length of the resistor due to stray capacitance. The voltage stress will be more than two times the uniform stress at the resistor end near to the high voltage side. This leads to degradation of the resistor material at these points. Also, due to stray capacitance, the current which is flowing through the circuit is not the same as the theoretically calculated current leading to voltage measurement errors. The total current should be the circuit and stray capacitive current. However, the actual current portion is diverted by the stray capacitance leading to the measurement error.
The disclosure is directed to improvements in high voltage phasing voltmeters.

Electrostatic shielding technique on high voltage resistor


A trash container apparatus is provided integral with a truck cab console. A pivotable trash door is positioned on the cab console to allow access to the inside of the trash container for disposing trash therein. The inner sides of the trash container have protrusions to retain the top edge of a trash bag so that the bag lines the container and is capable of receiving trash. The trash container is movable from a closed position to an open position. In the open position, the container is positioned in the area substantially in front of the passenger seat to allow access to the inside of the container for removing any accumulated trash. Slide rails attached to the container are capable of sliding along guide tracks attached to the cab console for moving the container from a closed to an open position, or vice versa. The trash container has a handle for grasping when being moved.

The design of truck cab consoles has increasingly taken into account ergonomic considerations, or the interaction of the driver and occupants with the instruments and features in the cab. However, despite the need, one area seemingly overlooked in this regard is the design and incorporation of a suitable trash container for the cab.
During long trips, a truck driver can accumulate a substantial amount of trash in the truck cab, or trash may accumulate over a period of time if it is not routinely disposed outside of the cab. Further, since many truck cabs are equipped with sleeping quarters, a truck driver may actually live in the cab during trips. As a result, the driver can easily accumulate a substantial amount of waste or trash during the trip. Often, there may not be a convenient place to properly dispose of the trash outside the cab. Thus, the truck driver must provide some means for storing the trash until it can be disposed. However, such means for doing so are often cumbersome or undesirable for several reasons.
For instance, trash or garbage bags can be hung on knobs or the like in a cab or placed on the floor and used for storing trash inside of the cab. Also, trash containers or boxes are sometimes used by placing them on the floor of the cab or on the seats. However, these containers are somewhat obtrusive and occupy precious space inside the cab. In this respect, such trash containers can obstruct access to certain areas of the cab, and may even interfere with the occupants operation or interaction with the cab's instruments or features. Even further, such trash containers are unsightly and detract from the overall appearance of the cab. However, if the trash container is partially hidden or placed out of the driver's way, such as on the floor under the passenger or driver seat, it may nonetheless be difficult for the driver to reach the container while operating the truck.
Accordingly, there is a need for a truck having a cab with a trash container which is designed to overcome the problems discussed above and other problems.

Trunk cab console with integral trash container


A pPTC heating device having areas with different power densities distributed over the surface of the device. The device is constructed using a base layer composed of a pPTC material having a layer of sectioned conductive plates disposed over and under the layer of pPTC such as to control the path of the current through the device, thereby controlling resistance of the device and the power density of the device.

A positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material is a material that exhibits a positive temperature coefficient, meaning that as its temperature increases its resistance increases proportionately. Typically, current can be passed through devices composed of a PTC material until the temperature of the material reaches a specific design temperature, at which point the resistance rapidly rises, effectively cutting off the flow of current.
A polymeric PTC (pPTC) is a PTC device composed of a non-conductive crystalline polymer infused with carbon particles. When below the design temperature, the polymer is in a crystalline state with the carbon particles forming conductive paths through the polymer. If too much current is passed, the device will heat and the polymer will change to an amorphous state, thereby separating the carbon particles and breaking the current paths. Once the device is cooled, the polymer will return to a crystalline state, thereby reestablishing the current paths created by the carbon particles.
pPTC is well-known for its use in resettable fuses, which will prevent current flow once the devices has reached its design temperature and which will then again allow current flow when the device is cooled to a temperature below the design temperature. Resettable fuses composed of pPTC are well known in the art.
Another common use for pPTC is as a heating device. These devices provide advantages over resistive heaters in which current is passed through a metal wire in that, because of the properties of pPTC, pPTC heaters cannot overheat and are self-limiting. Further, PTC heating elements have a high-power density and, as such, are very efficient at heat production, even within small spaces.
There are many applications for pPTC heaters. pPTC heaters may be used, for example, in tank heating applications, such as water or urea tanks, for comfort heating, for example, in car seats and steering wheel heaters, as lens defoggers and for battery heating, just to name a few. Typically, the device may comprise a flexible sheet of pPTC material having flexible conductive plates laminated on opposite sides of the pPTC material. In such applications, it may be desirable to be able to vary the power density over surface area of the device, allowing for example, different heating temperatures on different surface areas of the device.
Power density is dependent on voltage applied to the resistive element and heating element resistance, which will dictate the current passing through the device. Varying supply voltage in most cases requires additional components, thus increasing the cost of production.
It is also possible to achieve varying power density by using multiple sheets of pPTC material over the surface area of the heater, each having a different base material concentration, and, thus, different resistivities. Changing the formulation of the pPTC material to achieve different resistivities, however, is challenging and requires a very precise base material concentration and uniformity control, thereby increasing manufacturing costs.
FIG. 1 shows examples of two prior art pPTC heaters. The devices consist of two electrically conductive plates, 102, 104 having a layer of pPTC material 106(a,b) disposed between the electrically conductive plates. FIG. 1(A) shows a device using a low resistivity pPTC material 106a, thereby allowing a high current flow 100a between electrically conductive plates 102 and 104. FIG. 1(B) shows another version of the device wherein the pPTC material 106b is a high resistivity material, which allows a smaller current 100b to pass between electrically conductive plates 102 and 104. As such, the power densities between the devices of FIG. 1(A) and FIG. 1(B) are different, but achieving the different power densities requires reformulation of the pPTC material 106 (a,b) between electrically conductive plates 102, 104 to change the resistivity.

PPTC heating element having varying power density


A method and system is provided intelligent network dispatchers that are capable of routing requests to one or more servers (e.g., LDAP servers) based on the requested application or the identity of the requester. The servers may be grouped into virtual clusters so that a particular cluster may service requests associated with a particular application or based on a type of customer (e.g., preferred or general customer) in order to grade levels of service. Also, a system resource monitor may provide continual monitoring of servers in virtual clusters to determine when one or more servers are overburdened or under burdened based on statistical performance data. As a servers performance changes, the system resource monitor may advise the intelligent network dispatcher causing a change in the rate of requests to the overburdened/under burdened server. The server may be temporarily removed from the virtual cluster until performance levels normalize. Further, servers may be re-assigned to other virtual clusters on demand to provide increased capacity to a virtual cluster.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention generally relates a system and method of monitoring servers in a network and, more particularly, intelligently routing requests from a network dispatcher to servers allocated in virtual clusters based on rules.
2. Background Description
In a network system, it is difficult to load balance millions of query activities over a number of servers in an open cluster environment when queries may vary from a very simple to resolve to being complex and rather timely to resolve, for example, queries to a lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) server or to web application servers. In today's networking environments, intelligent network dispatching capability does not exist for handling these conditions on demand. The best approach that exists today is "round robin" dispatching that may lead to overload of an already burdened server while other servers remain practically idle.
Further, there is no capability to sense when a server, for example, an LDAP server or web application server, is heavily burdened either absolutely or in relation to other servers. This may lead to further overloading of the overburdened server, which creates inefficiencies within the system. Thus, temporary or even permanent reallocation of new queries to other servers in a cluster or shifting of server assignments is a desirable capability to improve overall query throughput and lessening of bottlenecks in network operations.
FIG. 1 is an exemplary block diagram of a typical network environment that includes LDAP servers 100, a network dispatcher 105, and one or more application requesters 110. In the environment of FIG. 1, requests from application requesters 110 to the network dispatcher 105 are targeted for any of the LDAP servers 100. These requests typically may be routed in a "round-robin" fashion among the set of LDAP servers 100. That is, a preset pattern, in circular fashion, may typically be used to distribute requests from the network dispatcher 105 to the LDAP servers 100. No awareness of capacity, current status, or ability to handle the request by any of the LDAP servers 100 is known to the network dispatcher 105. If any one of the LDAP servers 100 is overloaded, under this arrangement, it may become more overloaded. Further, there is no authentication of the requester request for access to a server.
When an application (e.g. 110) requires a number of servers (e.g., LDAP servers 100) in order to handle peak load periods, there is a burden with an overhead of keeping the servers available for just those peak periods. This may be a waste of resources. Also, during those peak periods for certain exploiters, classes of requests (e.g., a preferred customer) may require preferred treatment and service so that they may be serviced more quickly.

Virtual clustering and load balancing servers


An auto-tensioner includes a housing having an open end and a closed bottom at another end. A cylindrical plunger is slidably inserted in the housing with its open end facing the closed bottom of the housing and its other end protruding from the housing. A ring-shaped seal member is mounted between the inner periphery of the housing and the outer periphery of the plunger for hermetically sealing oil in the housing. A screw rod and a nut member are mounted in the plunger so as to be coaxial with the plunger, with the nut member in threaded engagement with the screw rod. A return spring is mounted between the nut member and the plunger to bias the nut member and the plunger in a direction axially away from each other. A spring is mounted between the screw rod and the closed bottom of the housing to bias the screw rod in a direction away from the closed bottom of the housing.

This invention relates to an auto-tensioner used mainly to maintain tension of a timing chain or belt for driving camshafts of an engine.
In a typical engine, the rotation of its crankshaft is transmitted to camshafts through a timing chain or belt (the following description is made for a timing chain only) received in an engine cover to rotate the camshafts, thereby opening and closing valves mounted to combustion chambers. In order to keep the tension of the chain within a proper range, a tension adjusting device is typically used which comprises a chain guide pivotable about a shaft, and a chain tensioner for pressing the chain guide against the chain.
Among chain tensioners mounted in such tension adjusting devices, one as disclosed in JP utility model publication 64-41755 is known which includes a cylindrical housing having open and closed ends, a rod axially slidably inserted in the housing, an oil seal mounted in the housing at its open end for sealing oil in the housing, a return spring mounted in the housing to bias the rod in a direction away from the closed bottom of the housing, a screw rod mounted in the housing and having an external thread on its outer periphery which is in threaded engagement with an internal thread formed on the inner periphery of the rod at its end portion, and a spring mounted between the screw rod and the rod and biasing the screw rod away from the rod.
While the camshafts are being driven with the chain vibrating, when the tension of the chain increases, the rod repeatedly moves back and forth within the range of the gap between the internal and external threads, with the screw rod slowly rotating. The rod thus axially moves to a position where the biasing force of the return spring balances with the tension of the chain, thereby reducing the tension of the chain.
When the tension of the chain decreases, the rod moves in a direction away from the bottom of the housing until the force of the return spring balances with the tension of the chain. When the rod moves in this direction by a predetermined distance, the screw rod momentarily separates from the bottom of the housing. But soon thereafter, the screw rod moves axially while turning under the force of the spring, and abuts the bottom of the housing again.
When the engine is stopped, the screw rod remains in abutment with the bottom of the housing. In this state, although the tension of the chain may be greater than the biasing force of the return spring, because the chain does not vibrate, the screw rod never rotates, so that the rod does not move toward the bottom of the housing. Thus, when the engine is restarted, the tensioner can quickly remove any slackness of the chain, so that the tension of the chain can be kept stable.
In this auto-tensioner, because the internal thread which threadedly engages the external thread of the screw rod is directly formed on the rod, if a force acts on the end of the rod protruding from the housing in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the rod, the axes of the internal and external threads tend to be displaced from each other, which in turn increases the resistance to rotation of the screw rod relative to the rod.
Thus, if a force is applied to the end of the rod protruding from the housing in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the rod (such a force is applied if e.g. the chain guide pivots due to increased tension of the chain, so that the contact point between the chain guide and the rod moves), the resistance to rotation of the screw rod relative to the rod increases, so that it may become difficult to sufficiently reduce fluctuations in tension of the chain.
Another problem with this auto-tensioner is that because the rod cannot move sufficiently quickly when the tension of the chain increases, if the tension of the chain changes sharply while the engine is running (due e.g. to resonance of the engine or large fluctuations in torque of the crankshaft per combustion cycle), it is impossible to sufficiently reduce the tension of the chain. Thus, the tension of the chain may increase excessively while the engine is running.
An object of the present invention is to provide an auto-tensioner which operates stably even if a force is applied to the end of the rod protruding from the housing in a direction perpendicular to the rod axis.


A 3D video camera is provided. The 3D video camera includes a first camera lens for providing a first sensing signal, a second camera lens for providing a second sensing signal, and an image processing unit for receiving the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal to generate a first eye image and a first comparison image to accordingly generate 3D depth information.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates in general to a three-dimensional (3D) video camera and associated control method, and more particularly, to a 3D video camera comprising a plurality of camera lenses of different grades and associated control method.
2. Description of the Related Art
As a result of the popularity of 3D movies, related products, such as 3D televisions, have begun to thrive. However, due to limited 3D video sources, image processing for converting 2D video to 3D video is emerging to increase the amount of 3D video content played by 3D televisions. Meanwhile, the amount of 3D video content is also expanding with the emergence of 3D video cameras and 3D cameras. A 3D camera is taken as an example in the description below, where the 3D camera may be a regular 3D camera or a 3D video camera.
A 3D camera according to the prior art employs two lenses of a same grade to record image data by simulating human eyes. FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an image formation process of a conventional 3D camera. A left camera lens 120 comprises a left lens (L)122 and a left sensing element 124; a right camera lens 130 comprises a right lens (R)132 and a right sensing element 134. The left lens (L)122 forms an image of an object 100 on the left sensing element 124 and outputs a left sensing signal; whereas, the right lens (R)132 forms an image of the object 100 on the right sensing element 134 and outputs a right sensing signal.
A left 2D image processing circuit 126 processes the left sensing signal output by the left sensing element 124 to form a left eye image 128; a right 2D image processing circuit 136 processes the right sensing signal output by the right sensing element 134 to form a right eye image 138. A storage device (not shown) in the 3D camera then stores information of the left eye image 128 and the right eye image 138 to form a 3D video. The left eye image 128 and the right eye image 138 may be a single image or continuous images, and have a same resolution.
It can be seen from the above description that, the conventional 3D camera adopts two sets of camera lenses of an identical grade when generating the left eye image 128 and the right eye image 138, and utilizes individual image processing circuits to generate the left eye image 128 and the right image 138. It is to be noted that the left eye image 128 and the right eye image 138 do not affect each other during formation.
To playback a 3D video with a 3D television, a control circuit in the 3D television in sequence transmits the left eye image 128 to a left eye and the right eye image 138 to a right eye of a viewer; accordingly, the viewer may watch the 3D video.
A lens of a camera generally consists of a plurality of optical elements, and an amount of light that penetrates through the camera lens is controlled by a diaphragm. The sensing element may be a charge coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor. A sophistication of a lens and a resolution of a sensing element as well as an image formation capability are all indices of a grade of the lens, and a lens of a higher grade is naturally higher in cost. Therefore, a conventional 3D camera adopting two lenses of a same grade can be expensive.

3D video camera using plural lenses and sensors having different resolutions and/or qualities


A one-piece fastener adapted to be driven into a drilled hole in masonry material. The fastener includes features which define a helical flight causing the fastener to rotate as it is driven in place. The fastener shank is configured to cause abrasion of the pre-drilled hole and is dimensioned such that a radially compressive force acts on the wall of the masonry hole to provide for enhanced retention of the fastener after it is set in place. A radially enlarged shoulder is provided on the fastener adjacent its driving end to tightly engage the entrance end of the masonry hole to provide firm radial support for the driving head and structure which it supports.

This invention relates to a fastener and particularly to one that is forceably driven into a drilled hole within masonry material.
There are many instances in which there is a need to fasten a fixture or structural member to masonry material, for example a concrete floor. Various fastening systems are know such as nails driven directly into concrete without a pre-drilled hole. Various other types of fasteners are used where a pre-drilled hole is provided. For example, expandable type anchors are often used for such applications. Although expandable anchors perform well, they are costly in that they have multiple components and often require a significant amount of time to install.
This invention is related to one-piece masonry anchoring fasteners which are driven into a drilled masonry hole. Exceptional retention power is provided by the fasteners by providing features of the fastener shank which engage the wall of the drilled hole. The fasteners of this invention further incorporate features which cause them to rotate as they are driven into the hole. One embodiment features a shank made from a constant diameter wire stock which is wrapped to form a helix which defines a cylinder having a diameter greater than that of the drilled hole. In another embodiment local radial projections act as blades which define a portion of a helix for causing the fastener to rotate upon installation. In both embodiments high retention force is provided through the mechanisms of frictional engagement with the hole wall through bending deflection of the fastener, modification of the hole wall for greater surface area and conformation of the wall and fastener, and the turning of the fastener.
Additional benefits and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art to which this invention relates from the subsequent description of the preferred embodiments and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.