A display device includes a display panel and a flexible substrate. A first pad and a second pad are arranged on the display panel. The flexible substrate includes a first layer, a first insulating layer, and a second layer on a bending area. A first metal line is arranged in the first layer and connected to the first pad. A second metal line is arranged in the second layer and connected to the second pad. A straightened length of the first metal line is greater than that of the second metal line. The design of a double-layer metal line effectively improves the stress intensity of the metal line in the outer bending area. Therefore, the inner and outer double-line metal line in the bending area is balanced by force, so that the stability of the inner and outer double-line metal line is relatively uniform.

The present disclosure relates to the field of flat display technology, and more particularly, to a display device.
It is known that a liquid crystal display (LCD) or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display has been widely adopted and widely accepted by the market due to its advantages of compactness and good display effect.
As a cellphone with a high-screen ratio and high resolution becomes more and more popular, the display of the cellphone with a narrow border has become a trend for the development of a cellphone. In this regard, the pad bending technology is widely adopted in the industry for the design of such a narrow border.
Please refer to FIG. 4 illustrating a schematic diagram of the structure of a pad bending that is widely adopted in a display device. A metal line 102 is arranged on a flexible substrate 100 and configured to be electrically connected to a display panel 110 and a printed circuit board (PCB) 120. In general, a metal line is designed as a single-layer metal line or a double-layer metal line in the industry. As for the double-layer metal line, the shape of each of the layers is the same.
As illustrated by the bending area in the circle in FIG. 4, since a certain degree of bending exists in the bending area, the bending of the metal line in the outer layer is greater than the bending of the metal line in the inner layer. Since the upper and lower double-layer metal line is designed with the same shape and length, the bending strength of the metal line in the outer layer is greater than the bending strength of the metal line in the inner layer. Further, the force that the metal line in the outer layer bears is greater than the force that the metal line in the inner layer bears.
This differential force will cause the metal line in the outer layer of the double-layer metal line to be inferior to the metal line in the inner layer in stability because the force that the metal line in the outer layer bears is greater than the force that the metal line in the inner layer bears. Further, the difference in the stability of the metal lines may affect the stability of the subsequent display products to some extent. The metal line in the outer layer may be partially broken due to excessive bending while the metal line in the inner layer is stably connected though.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new type of display device to overcome the drawbacks of the related art.

Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co., Ltd.


A pleated filter is provided with electrically conductive fibrous material that releases ions to improve trapping efficiency. The edges of folded filter media are rendered emitting as by attaching conductive strings to the edges of the folds. The ends of the fibers in the strings are left exposed and, by applying high voltage on these strings, ions may be produced which charge dust particles to improve the filter""s efficiency. Alternately, the pleated medium itself provides ion-emitting fiber ends along folded edges that have been rendered conductive.

This invention relates to air filters, which are enhanced by ionization. In particular it applies to pleated filters provided with means to produce ionization to increase trapping efficiency.
It is well known that charged particles are more readily captured by a filter medium than are neutral particles. In the prior art, one of the most common ionizing air filters is the Precipitator type. This is an electronic air filter in which ionizing wires of about 0.005 inches diameter, charged at about 7 Kilovolts, are placed between grounded plates to generate a corona and charge the dust particles passing therethrough. Further down the airflow path, alternating charged and grounded plates collect the charged particles of dust. The disadvantage of precipitator type filters is that they are difficult to maintain, requiring regular cleaning of the collector plates, which get loaded with fine dust. Cleaning often requires using very strong detergents. Another disadvantage of the precipitator type filter is that they produce a significant amount of ozone. This occurs because the charging wires are placed near grounded surfaces. This arrangement generates corona all along the length of the wires, which can be seen glowing in the dark.
In my U.S. Pat. No. 5,573,577, xe2x80x9cIonizing and Polarizing Electronic Air Filterxe2x80x9d, (Jun. 20, 2000) a method of producing ions in association with a trapping medium by electrifying conductive fibers is disclosed. Ions are generated at the exposed ends of string filaments which are made conductive by a carbon or graphite solution. This solution coats the strings, leaving the protruding, conductive fiber ends of the string exposed so that, upon application of high voltage, the fiber ends become sources of ions. Another aspect of my previous invention is that ions can be produced on the surface of a trapping medium by having xe2x80x9can ionizing grid 10 . . . formed by depositing conductive paint or colloidal graphite on a sheet of gauze 11. Gauze 11, because it is rendered conducting, functions the same way as fine wires 5 in effecting ionizationxe2x80x9d (see FIG. 5 in the above patent). The present invention is an improvement to my previous patents in combining ionizing elements with filter trapping medium.
Another U.S. patent is U.S. Pat. No. 4,715,870 (Dec. 29,1987) to Masuda, et al. This patent describes a Minipleat filter which is enhanced by attaching electrodes, in the form of conductive paint, to the folded edges of the Minipleat filter. A high voltage is then applied to these electrodes. In this patent, the applied voltage generates an electrostatic field which polarizes the media. This patent also discloses a series of ionizing wires and grounded plates much as in a precipitator located upstream from the filter in the airflow. These wires generate ions which charge particles of dust in the airflow to increase trapping efficiency in the pleated downstream pleated filter.
In the Masuda patent, there is no mention of any ionization taking place at the folded edges of the Minipleat filter. Unless the conductive paint used is such that it leaves pointed ends of the conductive fibers exposed, the use of conductive paint will not allow ionization to take place. In line 54 on page 3, the Masuda patent discloses that xe2x80x9ca leakage current rarely occursxe2x80x9d. If ions were being produced, then a current would be present. This suggests that the electrodes in this patent produce only polarization of the filter media and not ionization. Ionization requires current to occur between the electrodes.
An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a disposable, pleated filter that, through use of ionization, has a high efficiency. Another object of the invention is to provide a filter which has simple construction and is economical to operate.
The invention in its general form will first be described, and then its implementation in terms of specific embodiments will be detailed with reference to the drawings following hereafter. These embodiments are intended to demonstrate the principle of the invention, and the manner of its implementation. The invention in its broadest and more specific forms will then be further described, and defined, in each of the individual claims which conclude this Specification.
In a broad aspect the invention is directed to an air filtration system for placing in an air stream comprising:
1) a pleated, air permeable, filter medium of electrically insulative material having folded edges present both along an up-stream side and a down-stream side of said filter medium with respect to the direction of airflow to be passed therethrough,
2) exposed, conductive, pointed fiber ends located at least along the up-stream side of said filter medium,
3) a counter electrode in the form of ion-inducing conductive array positioned on the downstream side of the filter, and
4) a high voltage ionizing power supply connected through electrical coupling means at one side of its polarity to the conductive fiber ends, and connected at its other side to said conductive array, to thereby create an electric field between the conductive fiber ends and the conductive array that causes said conductive fiber ends to emit ions that will charge dust particles in an air stream and increase trapping efficiency.
More particularly, according to one variant, the invention employs a pleated filter comprising conductive strings having conductive fiber ends attached to the filter medium along the folded edges of the pleats of the filter. By applying high voltage to these strings, the fiber ends in the strings emit ions which charge the dust particles entering the filter, thus improving the efficiency of the filter.
According to another variation of the invention, a pleated filter of fibrous material is employed which itself provides fiber ends along the folded edges of the filter. Instead of having coated strings, the folded edges of the pleated filter medium may be coated with a conductive solution so that fiber ends within the coated, fibrous filter medium are left exposed and produce the ions when charged by the power supply. The downstream, folded edges of the pleated filter may be similarly coated to provide the ion-inducing conductive array.
By a further variant of the invention a conductive fibrous mesh having multiple pointed fiber ends contained therein is positioned along the upstream folded edges of the pleated filter medium. Electrification of the pointed fiber ends within the mesh produces ions which charge dust particles entering the pleated medium.
Because the pointed ionizing elements employed in this air filtration system, produce a very small amount of corona, the system requires only a small amount of current to operate. The test filter in question operated on a high voltage power supply that required only approximately three (3) watts of power from a 24V AC originating source to drive the power supply. Because of the low current demands placed on the high voltage power supply, it may have high internal impedance. This reduces the shock risk to users who may inadvertently touch high potential components.
The foregoing summarizes the principal features of the invention and some of its optional aspects. The invention may be further understood by the description of the preferred embodiments, in conjunction with the drawings, which now follow.


An electromagnetic valve device includes a valve operating unit formed by disposing valve components in a valve housing having a guide cylinder and mounted to a base member, and a tip end of the guide cylinder and a housing body are magnetically connected to each other by a magnetic path defining frame surrounding a coil wound around a bobbin. The bobbin is buried in a mold section made of synthetic resin to form a coil unit. The coil unit is mounted to the base member. One end of the magnetic path defining frame is formed with a fitting bore through which the tip end of the guide cylinder is fitted, and the other end of the magnetic path defining frame is capable of abutting against the housing body. The magnetic path defining frame is mounted to a coil-correspondence portion of the mold section. The guide cylinder is loosely passed through a center bore of the bobbin. With this arrangement, a magnetic path can reliably be formed by the magnetic path defining frame, and the coil, bobbin and magnetic path defining frame can easily be mounted to each of the valve operating units.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electromagnetic valve device comprising a plurality of valve operating units, each including valve components such as a stationary core, a movable core, a valve body and a return spring, which are disposed in a valve housing having a guide cylinder connected at its base end to a housing body fitted to and secured to a base member; a plurality of bobbins each having a center bore through which each of the guide cylinders are passed; a plurality of coils each wound around each of the bobbins; a plurality of magnetic path defining frames each of which surrounds each of the coils to magnetically couple a tip end of the guide cylinder and the housing body to each other.
2. Description of the Related Art
The above described electromagnetic valve device is already known from Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 7-47938, for example.
In such a known electromagnetic valve device, the plurality of bobbins around which the coils are wound and the plurality of the magnetic path defining frames are assembled as a unit so as to be common to a plurality of valve operating units mounted to a base member. And in a state where each of the valve operating units is mounted to the base member, the common unit is mounted to the base member to simplify the assembling operation. However, there is a tolerance in relative position between the plurality of valve operating units mounted to the base member and each of the bobbins and magnetic path defining frames in the common unit. Therefore, in the electromagnetic valve device in which each of the magnetic path defining frames is positioned at a constant location with respect to each of the bobbins, as in the above described publication, it may be difficult, in some cases, to smoothly insert the guide cylinder of the valve operating unit into each of the bobbins due to the tolerance in relative position. Further, if an inner diameter of the center bore of the bobbins is set greater than an outer diameter of the guide cylinder so as to absorb the tolerance in relative position, a relatively large gap is produced between the magnetic defining frame and the guide cylinder and thus, it may be difficult, in some cases, to form a magnetic path by the magnetic path defining frame.


The invention relates to a coil element for a data carrier with an integrated circuit and noncontacting coupling and to a method for producing it. The coil element includes a carrier film or layer (6) and a wire-wound coil (2) fixed to the carrier layer (6). The carrier layer (6) serves to mechanically stabilize the wire-wound coil (2) and becomes part of the card body during production of the data carrier, for example an IC card. The coil (2) is fixed to the carrier film (6) during the winding process or directly following the winding process. The winding process and the apparatus used therefor are designed so that a plurality of coils (2) can be wound and fixed on a common carrier layer (6) simultaneously.

A) Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a coil element for a data carrier with an integrated circuit and noncontacting coupling, in particular an IC card, and a method for producing such a coil element.
B) Related Technology
IC cards are used in different areas of application, for example as telephone cards, credit cards, check cards, identity cards, etc.
An IC card generally has a contact array or bank for coupling an IC embedded in the card with an external data processing apparatus. For this purpose the data processing apparatus has a counterpart to the IC card contact array which can be electrically connected with the contact array when required.
IC cards are also known which have a coil instead of the contact array or in addition to the contact array. This coil permits contactless data and energy transfer between the IC card and the data processing apparatus by means of electromagnetic radiation. The coil is embedded in the card body during production of the IC card. Various methods are known for equipping an IC card with a coil.
It is known from U.S. 4,999,742 to bond a wound wire coil onto a substrate and then cover it with a cover film or layer. Since the wire coils generally consist of very thin wire and only few turns, these wire coils are very difficult to handle and to place exactly on the substrate. The wire coils readily bend or deform during transport from the coil manufacturer to the card manufacturer and must therefore be elaborately packaged. Furthermore it is very difficult to position and bond the sensitive wire coils on the substrate by machine. Manual positioning and bonding is possible, but relatively expensive.
It is furthermore known from DE 44 16 697 to produce a coil in the form of a very thin metal layer on a substrate. This substrate can be integrated in a card body to produce a contactless IC card. However the production of such metal layer coils is relatively expensive and there is the danger of the metal layer being interrupted by breaking upon application of mechanical stress on the card.
The invention has an objective permitting cost-effective and largely automated production of data carriers with integrated circuits and noncontacting coupling which meet high quality requirements.

Coil element for a data carrier with an integrated circuit and noncontacting coupling


According to one aspect, the subject matter described herein includes a method for managing the roaming preferences of a mobile subscriber. The method includes sending a preferred network roaming list to a mobile subscriber device. The method further includes sending a triggering message for terminating a PDP context link involving the mobile subscriber device and for activating the preferred network roaming list on the mobile subscriber device.

With recent changes in usage behavior exhibited by roaming customers there is considerable incentive to provide roaming management (RM) services to high-end mobile customers that generate a large volume of data traffic. As general packet radio service (GPRS) networks and long term evolution (LTE) networks (e.g., 4G networks) afford more opportunities for mobile subscribers to access foreign networks, the management of individual mobile subscribers becomes a key consideration for network operators in terms of optimizing current roaming practices. Extremely active roamers, such as subscribers who use a personal digital assistant, a smartphone, or a comparable mobile device that requires a constant connection for certain data services (e.g., "push" electronic mail services), are not easily managed or controlled by current RM solutions.
Accordingly, there exists a need for methods, systems, and computer readable media for managing the roaming preferences of mobile subscribers.

Methods, systems, and computer readable media for managing the roaming preferences of mobile subscribers


An image processing method. The method includes extracting features of an input image using a feature extraction network to generate and output a target feature map of the input image; and constructing and outputting a target mask map of the input image using a mask construction network based on the target feature map. The feature extraction network includes a feature input layer, a feature intermediate layer, and a feature output layer sequentially connected together. The mask construction network includes a mask input layer, a mask intermediate layer, and a mask output layer sequentially connected together. The feature output layer is connected to the mask input layer. The feature intermediate layer is connected to the mask intermediate layer. The feature input layer is connected to the mask output layer.

Image segmentation is a technology of partitioning an image into multiple segments having specific and unique characters and extracting target segments from the multiple segments. Medical image segmentation is a part of the technology of image segmentation. Medical image segmentation is a technology of detecting and extracting areas or boundaries of target tissues from medical images, and separating target tissues from other tissues. The technology of medical image segmentation is of great significance to achieve three-dimensional visualization, three-dimensional locating, tissue quantitative analysis, surgical planning and computer aided diagnosis in medical fields.

Image processing method, image processing apparatus, and computer-program product


Programmable logic structures include logic blocks that operate at very low supply voltages. According to the invention, a pass transistor is positioned between logic blocks. Since the logic blocks of the invention operate at very low supply voltages, the pass transistor can be overdriven on, thereby reducing the added resistance. In one embodiment of the invention, the pass transistor is a low threshold transistor. In this embodiment, the pass transistor is also overdriven off to reduce leakage current and further isolate the logic blocks.

The present invention relates generally to transistor devices and, more particularly, to pass transistor structures and methods.
An important capability in modern electronic systems is the capability for making programmable interconnections between logic components or logic blocks. This capability is provided by components such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and other programmable interconnect logic and circuits. Consequently, it is important to find methods to improve performance of these devices, reduce their power consumption and simplify their structures and design.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a typical prior art structure 100 that included: prior art logic block 101; prior art logic block 103; and prior art transmission gate 105, coupled between prior art logic block 101 and prior art logic block 103. As shown in FIG. 1, prior art logic block 101 included input node 111 and output node 113. Like prior art logic block 101, prior art logic block 103 also included an input node 119 and output node 121. Prior art logic blocks 101 and 103 typically comprised any one of numerous devices well known to those of skill in the art such as single transistors, inverters, latches, any one of several gates, or any other logic or memory devices. Both prior art logic blocks 101 and 103 were provided with prior art first supply voltage 131 and prior art second supply voltage 133. Since prior art logic blocks 101 and 103 were typically standard CMOS, the prior art supply voltage was typically on the order of two volts or more. Consequently, prior art first supply voltage 131 was typically 2.0 volts and prior art second supply voltage 133 was typically ground.
As seen in FIG. 1, prior art structure 100 also included prior art transmission gate 105 for selectively, and programmably, connecting prior art logic blocks 101 and 103. Prior art transmission gate 105 included first node 115, coupled to output node 113 of prior art logic gate 101, and second node 117, coupled to input node 119 of prior art logic block 103. Prior art transmission gate 105 also included: prior art NFET 107 with gate 107G and prior art PFET 109 with gate 109G. Prior art NFET 107 and prior art PFET 109 were typically coupled together as shown in FIG. 1, to allow transmission of both digital one and digital zero values as discussed in more detail below.
Prior art transmission gate 105 had three significant drawbacks. First, the addition of prior art transmission gate 105 added significant resistance to the path between output node 113 of prior art logic block 101 and input node 119 of prior art logic block 103, i.e., prior art transistors 107 and 109 each added a resistance in series to the path between prior art logic block 101 and prior art logic block 103. Second, prior art transmission gate 105 was a relatively complex structure requiring the use of at least two transistors, 107 and 109. Third, prior art transmission gate 105 added significant parasitic capacitance to the path between output node 113 of prior art logic block 101 and input node 119 of prior art logic block 103. The added resistance and parasitic capacitance meant decreased performance of prior art structure 100 and increased power dissipation. The performance reduction due to the addition of prior art transmission gate 105, and prior art transistors 107 and 109, could be partially offset in the prior art by increasing the size of prior art transistors 107 and 109 relative to the size of the transistors making up logic blocks 101 and 103 (not shown). However, even a ten fold increase in relative size of prior art transistors 107 and 109, compared to the transistors in logic blocks 101 and 103, would still typically yield a decrease in performance of more than ten percent. This was still a very significant performance loss.
A theoretical way to minimize the decrease in performance of prior art structure 100 due to the addition of prior art transistors 107 and 109 would be to drive prior art transistors 107 and 109 at a higher voltage than the voltage driving logic blocks 101 and 103. However, in practice, to actually make any significant difference in the performance, i.e., to significantly decrease the resistance added by prior art transistors 107 and 109, the supply voltages of prior art gating transistors 107 and 109 would need to be multiples, and preferably an order of magnitude, larger than the differential between first supply voltage 131 and second supply voltage 133. However, as noted above, in standard CMOS, the voltage differential between first supply voltage 131 and second supply voltage 133 is on the order of two volts. Standard transistors typically cannot tolerate more than about 2.5 volts in 0.25 micron technology with 50 angstroms of gate oxide, consequently, the voltage differential required to significantly decrease the added resistance of prior art transistors 107 and 109 could not be withstood by standard CMOS transistors, over time, and prior art transistors 107 and 109 would eventually break down.
The relative complexity of prior art transmission gate 105, i.e., the need for two prior art transistors 107 and 109, arose from the relatively high threshold voltages of prior art transistors 107 and 109 and from the well known body effect. As a result, NFETs, such as prior art transistor 107, could pass a digital zero relatively well but could not pass a digital one efficiently. On the other hand, PFETs, such as prior art transistor 109 could pass a digital one relatively well but could not pass a digital zero well. Consequently, in prior art transmission gates, such as prior art transmission gate 105, an NFET, such as prior art transistor 107, was included to pass digital zeros while a PFET, such as prior art transistor 109 was included in transmission gate 105 to pass digital ones. This coupling of NFETs and PFETs performed reasonably well in prior art transmission gates 105. However, the use of two transistors 107 and 109 meant increased parasitic capacitance, increased area, and increased circuit complexity, with more elements to potentially fail.
What is needed is a method and apparatus for providing a transmission gate function between two logic blocks that is more efficient, in terms of lowering added resistance, lowering added parasitic capacitance and in terms of circuit complexity and size.
According to one embodiment of the invention, low voltage programmable logic structures are provided that include low voltage logic blocks comprised of low threshold transistors. The low voltage logic blocks are provided with low supply voltages. According to one embodiment of the invention, the low voltage logic blocks are separated by pass transistors. Since the logic blocks of the invention are low voltage, the pass transistors of the invention can be overdriven on, i.e., provided gate to source voltages (Vgs) significantly larger than the programmable logic structure""s supply voltage, without causing the destruction of the pass transistor. For instance, in one embodiment of the invention, the programmable logic structure""s supply voltage is 200 millivolts while the gate to source voltage (Vgs) of the pass transistor, when the transistor is overdriven on, is on the order of 2.0 volts. This is in direct contrast to prior art transmission gates that had to be driven at essentially the same Vgs as the supply voltage to avoid transistor breakdown. By overdriving the pass transistors of the invention, the resistance added to the structure by the pass transistors, i.e., the resistance added by coupling the pass transistor between logic blocks is decreased significantly without resorting to increasing the size of the pass transistors.
In addition, if even less resistance is desired, the size of the pass transistors of the invention can be increased and the pass transistors can still be overdriven according to the invention. Consequently, using the invention, there is an approach for resistance reduction available that was not available in the prior art and can provide orders of magnitude decrease in the added resistance along with a decrease in added parasitic capacitance. Therefore, the invention can provide the advantages of a programmable interconnection without the large performance penalty associated with the prior art.
In addition, if even less resistance is desired, according to the invention, the pass transistors can be low threshold transistors. In this embodiment the low threshold pass transistors are overdriven on to reduce resistance as described in detail below and overdriven off to reduce leakage current and further isolate the logic blocks.
In addition, as discussed in more detail below, since the pass transistors of the invention are overdriven on, a single NFET can pass a digital zero or a digital one efficiently, or a single PFET can pass a digital one or digital zero efficiently. This situation is further improved when the pass transistors are low threshold pass transistors. Consequently, using the method and structure of the invention, a single pass transistor can be used as opposed to the two transistor structure of the transmission gates of the prior art. Consequently, a programmable logic structure designed according to the principles of the method and the structure of this embodiment of the invention has better performance, reduced parasitic capacitance, is simpler and less expensive to implement than prior art structures.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and following detailed description are intended only to exemplify and explain the invention as claimed.


Electronic imaging apparatus includes a main mirror that rotates about two transverse axes to reflect light for an array of subimages through a lens to a correcting mirror that reflects the light to an image detector. The correcting mirror moves in translation and tilts to correct for loss of focus of the subimages. A method of generating high resolution images includes acquiring an array of subimages by moving the main mirror and correcting each subimage with the correcting mirror. A method of surveillance includes acquiring and storing an array of initial subimages, then acquiring new subimages, comparing the new subimages with the stored subimages, and storing changed subimages.

The resolution of a single image captured or acquired by an image capture device, such as a film or digital camera, is finite and therefore limited. Generally the resolution of an electronic imaging device is a tradeoff between the number of picture elements (pixels) and cost. Prior known devices scan an object, by acquiring a plurality of subimages of the object, to generate a high resolution image.
One known type of electronic imaging device, known as a document scanner, is suitable for acquiring images of flat, two dimensional objects of a limited size. In a document scanner, the object and the image detector are positioned a very small, fixed distance relative to each other, and the object or the image detector moves. Examples of document scanners are flatbed scanners, sheet fed scanners, handheld scanners, fax machines and copiers. Each of these scanners is limited to scanning two dimensional objects such as sheets of paper. Handheld scanners are difficult to use. Flatbed and sheet fed scanners can only scan up to a selected maximum size, generally the size of legal or letter size paper.
Other scanners, sometimes known as "over the desk" scanners, are spaced relative to the object, and can acquire images of three dimensional objects and images of larger objects than most document scanners. Although some scanners of this type move the image detector or the object, preferably the image detector and object remain stationary during image acquisition. U.S. Pat. No. 5,686,960 to Sussman et al. discloses a scanner having a stationary image detector spaced above the object and a rotating disk with a preselected number of deflectors that deflect tiles or sub-images of the object through a lens onto the image detector. Sussman et al. also discloses a scanner having a stationary image detector spaced above the object and a pair of selectively rotatable mirrors that reflect tiles or sub-images of the object through a lens onto the image detector. The image path from the object to the reflector or mirror in Sussman et al. is oblique rather than perpendicular to the object for all but at most one tile or subimage.
Generally for "over the desk" scanners with a stationary object and image detector, the image path from the object to the image detector is oblique or slanted. Such an oblique image path can distort and defocus the subimage acquired. U.S. Pat. No. 6,512,539 to Dance et al. discloses a scanner having a stationary image detector spaced above the object and an inner rotating mirror that receives light from four outer mirrors. Each outer mirror is centered over a quadrant of the object so that the image paths are perpendicular to the object. The scanner disclosed by Dance et al. requires an outer mirror for each subimage.
Prior known security or surveillance systems generally have stationary cameras or motor driven cameras that tilt, pan and zoom. Stationary cameras have a limited field of view and generally have limited resolution. Motor driven cameras generally sweep the area of interest over a period of multiple seconds, such that portions of the area of interest are missed by the camera for multiple seconds.
Some prior known systems for taking panoramic pictures use convex mirror systems with a camera to acquire the entire panorama in a single shot. These systems provide relatively low resolution pictures. Other systems for taking panoramic pictures rotate the camera about a center point.

Electronic imaging apparatus with high resolution and wide field of view and method


An image communication system which communicates image data on a single line includes a selector, a generator and a communication unit. The selector selects one of a first communication mode and a second communication mode having a communication speed which is faster than that of the first communication mode. The generator generates image data indicating an image of a low resolution when the first communication mode is selected, and generates image data indicating an image of a high resolution when the second communication mode is selected. The communication unit communicates the generated image data using the single line.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus for transmitting an image.
2. Related Background Art
FIG. 1 shows an image communication system using an INS net 64.
Communication adapters 2 and 4 are connected to a net 3, and color copy units 1 and 5 are respectively connected to the communication adapters. When an image scanned by the color copy unit 1 is transmitted from the communication adapter 2, data transmitted via the net 3 is received by the communication adapter 4, and is printed by the color copy unit 5.
In such a system, a desired quality of an image to be transmitted varies depending on the purpose. In some cases, high-quality images are required, but in some other cases, low-quality images can be transmitted. On the other hand, a transmission time difference due to an image quality difference corresponds to a cost difference. In this case, a user cannot clearly know whether or not required image quality is properly selected and used, and may pay an unnecessary high cost.
The relationship between the data transmission speed of the circuit of a net 64 and the cost is described below with reference to FIG. 3.
A subscriber circuit 6 of the net 64 consists of a single D channel for control and two B channels for data, and is connected to ISDN equipments A 8, B 9, and C 10 via a DSU 7.
Data transmission results in a large cost difference depending on whether one B channel is used (1B mode) or two B channels are used (2B mode). Depending on an image to be transmitted or its image quality, the 1B and 2B modes sometimes do not result in a transmission time difference. Some users assign highest priority to the transmission time by selecting the 2B channel transmission mode all the time.
As described above, in the conventional system, a user cannot clearly know whether or not required image quality is properly selected and used, and may pay an unnecessary high cost.
In order to improve quality of an image to be transmitted, the amount of image data to be transmitted increases, and the time required for transmitting the image data is undesirably prolonged.


Provided is a humanized and affinity-matured anti-c-Met antibody, a pharmaceutical composition including the antibody, and a method of preventing and/or treating c-Met-related disease using the antibody.

1. Field
A humanized and affinity-matured anti-c-Met antibody, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody, and a method of preventing and/or treating a c-Met-related disease using the antibody, are provided.
2. Description of the Related Art
c-Met is a receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is a cytokine that binds the extracellular region of the c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase to induce cell division, movement, morphogenesis, and angiogenesis of various normal cells and tumor cells. c-Met is a representative receptor tyrosine kinase existing on the surface of cells, is itself a proto-oncogene, and is sometimes involved in various mechanisms related to cancer, such as cancer development, metastasis, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, independent from its ligand, HGF. Thus, c-Met has been recently emerging as a new target for anti-cancer therapy.
In particular, c-Met is known to be involved in induction of resistance to commonly used anti-cancer drugs, and, thus, is regarded as important with respect to personalized treatments. Representative anti-cancer therapeutic drugs targeting epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR (ERBB1), i.e., Eribitux or Tarceva, work by blocking the signaling related to cancer development. In addition, Herceptin, which is well known as a breast cancer therapeutic drug, targets ERBB2 (HER2) and works by blocking the transduction of signals necessary for cell proliferation. Among patients resistant to the drugs described above, the signal transduction pathway that induces cell proliferation is not blocked due to the overexpression of c-Met. Thus, c-Met has emerged as a target of interest for many pharmaceutical companies.
Still, there is a desire for additional anti-c-Met antibodies and related methods and compositions.

Humanized and affinity-matured anti-c-Met antibody and uses thereof


A zoom lens having four groups and wherein at least one of the four groups is equipped with an index distribution type lens. A first lens group has a positive refracting power; a second group has a negative refracting power; a third lens group has a positive refracting power; and a fourth lens group has a positive refracting power. The first through fourth lens groups are arranged in this order from the object side, and the second group is moved to perform zooming while the fourth lens group is moved to compensate for image plane fluctuation which is incident to the zooming and also to perform focusing.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a rear-focus-type zoom lens equipped with an index-distribution-type lens and, in particular, to a high-aperture-ratio, high-zoom-ratio zoom lens which has a zoom ratio of approximately 6, an f-number of approximately 1.8 and is suitable for use in a photographic camera, a video camera, a broadcasting camera or the like.
2. Description of the Related Art
Regarding the zoom lens of a photographic camera, a video camera or the like, various kinds of so-called rear-focus-type zoom lenses have been proposed up to the present time, in which focusing is effected by moving a lens group other than a first lens group which is on the object side.
Generally speaking, the effective diameter of the first lens group of a rear-focus-type zoom lens is smaller than that of a zoom lens of the type in which focusing is effected by moving the first lens group, thus reducing the size of the entire lens system. Further, the rear-focus-type zoom lens is advantageous in that it facilitates close focus shots, and in particular, ultra-close focus shots. In addition, the rear-focus-type zoom lens requires less driving power than other types of zoom lenses and therefore makes it possible to perform focusing quickly. Due to these advantages, zoom lenses of this type are being widely used as the zoom lenses for video cameras, which are required to be reduced in size and have an increase in zoom ratio.
One example of a rear focus-type zoom lens is shown in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-247316, according to which there are arranged, in order from the object side, a first lens group having a positive refracting power, a second lens group having a negative refracting power, a third lens group having a positive refracting power, and a fourth lens group having a positive refracting power. In this example, the second lens group is moved so as to effect zooming, and the fourth lens group is moved so as to compensate for an image plane fluctuation which accompanies the zooming, and also to perform focusing.
To ensure a fixed level of zoom ratio with a zoom lens having a reduced size, it is generally necessary to choose of the lens groups.
However, an increase in the refracting powers of the lens groups will cause variations in aberration, which will accompany the zooming step. To compensate for this, it is necessary to increase the number of lenses in each lens group, with the result that the thickness in the optical-axis direction of each lens group increases. Accordingly, the distance between the principal points has to be increased, resulting in an increase in the length of the entire zoom lens. In view of this, a proposal has been made in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-39011, according to which the zoom lens adopts, in addition to a spherical lens surface configuration, an aspherical lens surface configuration, thereby making it possible to ensure a fixed zooming ratio while attaining a reduction in the size of the entire lens system.
Generally speaking, by adopting the rear-focus system, it is possible to reduce the size of the entire lens system and perform focusing quickly, and facilitates close focus shots, as stated above.
In addition, by utilizing the aspherical lens surface configuration, it is possible to make the length of the entire zoom lens relatively small while maintaining a satisfactory optical performance.
However, the aspherical lens surface configuration does not provide such optical advantages as, for example, a reduction in the Petzval sum. Therefore, a lens group which is required to be achromatic must be equipped with two lenses which are different at least in dispersion characteristics so as to compensate for a chromatic aberration within the lens group. Further, it is also necessary to set the refracting power of the lens group within a range where the Petzval sum is not excessive.
Thus, even with a lens having an aspherical lens surface configuration, there has been a limit to how much the size of the entire lens system can be reduced while retaining a fixed zoom ratio.
There has also been proposed, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-172110, a zoom lens of a so-called index distribution type, which uses a glass exhibiting a continuously changing refractive index distribution.

Rear-focus-type zoom lens equipped with index-distribution-type lens


The invention provides a salvage rail which connects to an object such as a sunken ship, a sinking ship, a seaworthy ship that wants to have protection so that it will not sink, or countless other objects that are in water. Rolled-up bags, or bladders, which can be inflated, are configured on the rail. The rail is easy to handle, even with rolled bags included.

The prior art has put forth multiple designs for inflatable flotation devices for watercraft. Among these are:
U.S. Pat. No. 6,845,726 directed to an Inflating Watercraft Flotation Device of Tony W. Mears, et al which describes a flotation device for attachment to a water craft comprising a cover releasably secured to the watercraft.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,470,818 to Arthur W. Mears, Nicolae Toderica and Valerica Grigore describes an automatic inflating watercraft flotation device comprising a carrier mounted to the watercraft, the carrier having a first cover channel, a second cover channel, a first bladder retaining slot and a second bladder retaining slot.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,830,004 to Tony W. Mears, et al, describes an inflating watercraft flotation device comprising a mounting plate mounted to the watercraft, with the mounting plate having a first cover channel, a second cover channel, a first bladder retaining slot and a second bladder retaining slot.
None of these references describe the present invention.

Salvage rail flotation device and method


A system for mounting a windshield to a small vehicle such as an all-terrain vehicle (“ATV”), a utility-terrain vehicle (“UTV”), or a snowmobile comprising a pair of receiving members configured to be mounted to, or integrated with, the vehicle and a corresponding pair of mounting members mounted to, or integrated with, the windshield panel or panel assembly. The receiving member may be integrated to the lighting pod of the vehicle. The mounting members of the system are configured to be respectively releasably received into the receiving members. Each receiving member comprises a receiving cavity and at least one locking opening, and each mounting member comprises at least one resilient locking arm configured to releasably engage the at least one locking opening such that the mounting members can respectively engage the receiving members in a releasable locking engagement.

Nowadays, there is an ever-increasing number of people which enjoy riding all-terrain vehicles and other similar off-road vehicles, either in trails specifically designed for this activity or even on totally uncharted terrains.
In order to adapt the vehicles to the increasing variety of terrains over which they are operated, companies have long been offering after-market accessories such as support racks, supplementary seats, trailer hitches, track systems, and so on.
Since these vehicles are generally subjected to shocks and vibrations, it is important that the accessories mounted to the vehicles be relatively fixedly mounted in order to prevent accidental failure or removal during use.
In the particular case of windshields, this is of utmost importance since the windshield generally protects the operator of the vehicle. Nevertheless, on some occasions, it is practical to be able to remove the windshield, at least temporarily, in order to avoid damage or for space considerations. For example, when there are low branches partially blocking a trail or when the vehicle must be stored or loaded onto a trailer for transport.
Several windshield mounting systems have thus been proposed. However, most mounting systems require the use of tools to install and to remove the windshield panel. With these windshield mounting systems, the process of installing or removing the windshield panel can be long and even impossible when the required tools are not available.
More recently, in order to mitigate the aforementioned shortcomings, some quick-release windshield mounting systems have been proposed, allowing the quick installation and removal of windshields without the use of tools. Examples of such quick-release windshield mounting systems can be seen in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,044,530; 7,360,819; and 7,543,879.
In spite of the availability of many quick-release windshield mounting systems, one shortcoming has been the attachment points of these quick-release systems. Indeed, the most common and universal attachment point of most quick-release windshield mounting systems is the handlebar of the vehicle. However, handlebars are usually very busy with other accessories (e.g. hand guards, winch switch, heated handles/seats controls, etc.).
Hence, despite ongoing developments in the field of windshield mounting systems and more particularly in the field of quick-release windshield mounting systems, there is still a need for an improved mounting system which would allow quick and easy installation and removal of a windshield onto a small vehicle without the need for tools while at least mitigating some of the shortcomings of the prior art.

Windshield mounting system and method of using the same


A complementary threat sensor data fusion capability for an aircraft survivability equipment system. A set of aircraft survivability sensors provides a threat sensor data fusion control process with status data. The control process controls whether or not a threat ambiguity detector receives radar warning receiver data or a radar emitter ID conversion apparatus receives pulsed radar jammer data or continuous wave radar jammer data. The threat sensor data fusion control process also determines whether missile approach detector data is sent to a countermeasures analyzing apparatus. The threat ambiguity detector provides ambiguity data to a threat ambiguity resolving apparatus. The radar emitter ID conversion apparatus provides converted jammer data to a functional sensor back-up apparatus. The radar emitter ID conversion process receives a common radar emitter ID data base. The threat sensor data fusion process controller also provides fusion process control to the complementary threat data apparatus. Complementary threat data is provided to the pilot through various presentation methods and to the jammers for electronic countermeasures. Also, threat ambiguity resolution data is provided and back-up data is provided. The presentation methods include video and voice and a tactical electronics countermeasures command is automatically initiated. A multi-pass sensor data correlation algorithm and a threat prioritization algorithm share information with the threat ambiguity resolving algorithm, complementary threat data algorithm, functional sensor back-up apparatus, and electronic countermeasures apparatus. The direction of jamming is determined by data correlation between the radar warning receiver and the CW Jammer.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an aircraft survivability system, and more particularly to a complementary threat sensor data fusion method and apparatus.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
In the prior art, individual aircraft survivability equipment (ASE) sensors are used as stand-alone systems. The use of such systems in a stand-alone manner results in high pilot workloads. Further, in such systems only a limited amount of threat data is presented to the pilot. Data provided by various ASE subsystems such as pulsed radar jammers, continuous wave (CW) radar jammers and missile approach detectors have previously not been used to provide a comprehensive and coherent picture of the threat environment. Thus prior art systems often do not present adequate data in a readily understood format to enable the pilot to quickly and completely assess a given threat environment.
Prior art sensors standing alone in electronics warfare sensor systems suffer a number of drawbacks. Because they are stand alone, the quality of threat identification is not as good as it would be if the sensors were integrated as disclosed in the present invention. The overall threat detection and ability to counter RF guided missiles and to prevent threats is degraded by the stand alone nature of prior art electronic warfare systems. Therefore it is the motivation of the invention to overcome the inherent performance limitations of stand alone electronic warfare sensors by providing a complementary threat sensor data fusion method and apparatus.

Complementary threat sensor data fusion method and apparatus


The present invention relates to a product and method for cell preservation, such as cell banking of any type of cells for subsequent scientific or medical use. More closely, the invention relates to a product and a method for cryopreservation of cells using vacuum tubes provided with freeze media/cryopreservation liquid.

Today several cell banks exist which store cells, for example human placental or umbilical cord stem cells, for future medical use. There are also cell banks which store cells, cultivated in for example bioreactors, for scientific purposes. Common for all cell banks is that the cells are stored by cryopreservation usually in liquid nitrogen at −196° C.
Cryopreservation is a very manual and time consuming task usually performed under laminar air flow (LAF). Furthermore, it includes several steps with open handling which increases the risk of contamination. Due to the number of steps during traditional cell banking, batch to batch variations might also occur. During cryopreservation of cells, time and temperature are critical factors to eliminate stress such as asphyxiation.
Containers under vacuum, such as the Vacutainer™, are well-established products used at hospitals and care centers for rapid blood sampling. The containers comprise a vacuum tube that aseptically draws blood through a sleeved covered needle. The vacuum tube is available in various volumes and often pre-coated with various compounds to prevent for example blood clotting. The vacuum tube is inserted into the access device and when the sleeve protected needle penetrates the silicon cap on the vacuum tube the blood automatically will be withdrawn from the patient.
It would be desirable to have a product with which cell banking could be performed without bringing the cells out of the bioreactor and which significantly would shorten the time from bioreactor to the fridge. This would provide a powerful tool to establish large cell banks with very little effort.

Product and method for cell preservation


An infusion fluid warming apparatus for warming an infusion fluid to a predetermined temperature prior to supply of the infusion fluid into a living body through an infusion fluid tube. The apparatus includes: (a) a tube holding device detachably holding the infusion tube; and (b) a heat accumulator member generating a latent heat in phase change thereof from liquid phase to solid phase. The heat accumulator member is disposed in the tube holding device, so as to warm the infusion fluid passing through the infusion fluid tube that is held by the tube holding device, by the latent heat generated in the phase change from the liquid phase to the solid phase. Also, disclosed is an infusion fluid warming method.

In a field of medical activity, for example, there is a case where an infusion fluid such as blood, plasma, physiological saline, nutrition fluid and medical fluid is supplied into a living body. In such a case, for example, it is common that the infusion fluid is stored in an infusion fluid container such as bag and bottle that is hung by a stand, and is infused into a blood vessel of the living body through an intravenous drip cylinder, a roller clamp, an infusion fluid tube and a hypodermic needle that are connected to the infusion fluid container, or is supplied directly into a digestive organ of the living body through the infusion fluid tube, or is supplied orally into a mouth of the living body through the infusion fluid tube.
In most cases, the infusion fluid is stored at a relatively low temperature due to request for maintaining the quality, so that the infusion fluid is required to be warmed to about a temperature of the living body as rapidly as possible in a case where rapid supply of the infusion fluid is necessary, for example, in event of an emergency operation. To this end, there has been developed an infusion fluid warming apparatus for warming the infusion fluid to a suitable temperature, during process of rapidly supplying the infusion fluid as described above. Examples of such an infusion fluid warming apparatus are disclosed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2. The infusion fluid warming apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a bag-shaped heat exchanger pack which has passages for guiding the infusion fluid and a warming medium so that the infusion fluid is warmed by the warming medium. The infusion fluid warming apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 2 has an arrangement in which the fluid is warmed while passing through a seat-like sealed passageway that covers a circumferential surface of a heating core.
[Patent Document 1] JP2002-102349A
[Patent Document 2] JP2000-502938A
However, since each of the above-described conventional infusion fluid warming apparatuses requires a device for circulating the warming medium or the heating core whose temperature is controlled, there is a case where the apparatus can not warm the infusion fluid in an emergency facility in transfer of a patient or in outdoors due to difficulty in obtaining a power source. On the other hand, it might be possible to use, as a source for heating the infusion fluid, a heating element made of a material that generates a heat by its reaction with oxygen contained in an air, or a heating element that generates a heat by reaction of quicklime with water. However, the heating element utilizing such an exothermic reaction does not have a function for rapidly warming the infusion fluid and maintaining the warmed infusion fluid at a constant temperature for a relatively large length of time. Thus, the heating element utilizing the exothermic reaction is unsuitable for warming the infusion fluid.
The present invention was made in the light of the background art discussed above. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an infusion fluid warming apparatus capable of rapidly warming an infusion fluid even in a circumstance without availability of a power source and maintaining the warmed infusion fluid at a constant temperature for a relatively large length of time.

Method, device, and bag for warming infusion liquid


A method for determining an offset vector. The method includes obtaining an image of a first feature. An image of a second feature is also obtained. Also, a combination image of the first feature and the second feature is obtained. A plurality of composite images is utilized to determine an accurate offset vector between the first feature and the second feature in the combination image. The plurality of composite images is based on the image of the first feature and the image of the second feature.

Various systems exist for the purpose of positioning one or more material layers (e.g., substrates, masks, etc.) in one or more locations to allow operations to be performed on the material layers. Some systems, such as alignment systems, attempt to position substrates by aligning one or more patterns on the material layers with the goal of a zero length offset.
For example, in one scenario, the material layers are positioned substantially parallel to each other and are spaced apart by a distance that is relatively short compared to the overall dimensions of the material layers. An imaging system having an optical axis disposed perpendicular to the plane in which the material layers reside is used to image one or more alignment markers on or within each layer. Relative position is established according to alignment marker positions. Alignment markers can be provided explicitly for alignment purposes, or can comprise landmarks intrinsically present on the material layer.
In addition to using more sophisticated microscopes to identify alignment markers, Moiré or other complex patterns may be used as alignment markers for the purpose of increasing resolution. However, the use of the sophisticated microscopes and the complex patterns may add prohibitive costs to the manufacturing process.
Further, with existing alignment systems, difficulties arise when the alignment markers overlap or are otherwise co-located in such a way that it is difficult or impossible to image the alignment markers individually. Alignment becomes even more difficult when the alignment markers are of different patterns. Specifically, the overlapping alignment markers may produce multiple peaks in an array of cross correlation values when performing cross-correlation of the two alignment markers. As such, due to the multiple peaks in the array, the location of the individual alignment markers cannot be positively determined. Also, the positioning of the material layer may be poorly quantized and may not be useful in instances where a non-zero offset is desired. Further, due to process variations, alignment systems that compare different patterns across different material layers may run into performance limitations.

Method and system for offset estimation and alignment

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


Disclosed are a bidirectional optical transceiver module and a method of aligning the same. The bidirectional optical transceiver module includes: a package having on one side a cavity; a platform mounted on the package; a transmitter which generates output light; a holder which includes the horizontal portion having the through-hole and disposed on the package to cover the cavity, and the vertical portion which has the inclined surface on one side and the connection hole connected to the through-hole; a receiver which generates an electric signal that corresponds to input light incident into the cavity; and a WDM filter that delivers the output light and the input light.

1. Field
The following description generally relates to a bidirectional optical transceiver module and a method of aligning the same, and more particularly to a bidirectional optical transceiver module and a method of aligning the same, in which optical transmission and reception may be performed at the same time by using one optical fiber and one package.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a general bidirectional optical transceiver module, a TO-CAN based optical transmitter and receiver are aligned in a metal housing and fixed by laser welding, in which bidirectional optical-coupling of the optical transmitter and the optical receiver is performed by reflection or transmission using an optical filter mounted in the housing. In an active optical alignment method of laser-welding two TO-CAN packages, optical alignment may be facilitated, but costs increase as many components are needed, including two TO-CAN packages and a metal housing, and mass productivity is decreased as more processes are required. While a bidirectional optical transceiver module disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2009/0269067, 2009/0129783, and 2006/0269197 may enable bidirectional optical transmission and reception using one TO-CAN, there is a problem in that since a transmitter and a receiver are mounted in the same space of a single TO-CAN, optical and electrical crosstalk may occur.
Further, U.S. Pat. No. 7,093,988 suggests a method of isolating a receiver by separately providing a cap having an inclined surface at an angle of 45 degrees to reduce optical and electrical crosstalk. However, the method also has problems in that: another cap provided in addition to an existing cap increases production and processing costs; a hole is required to be formed on a part of the 45-degree inclined surface for optical coupling to a light receiving element of a receiver; and the diameter size of the hole may not be reduced due to the structure, such that optical and electrical crosstalk may not be reduced sufficiently.
Moreover, in the general method, the length of a bonding wire and a lead wire is increased, thereby making high-speed signal transmission difficult.
In addition, in the case where an isolator is required to be mounted in a transmitter, if the isolator is interposed between a light source and an optical filter, the distance between the light source and the filter gets larger. In this case, the thickness of a package is increased since the distance between a light receiving source of a receiver and the filter gets larger, and optical coupling efficiency is degraded.

Bidirectional optical transceiver module and method of aligning the same

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH INSTITUTE


The invention relates to a shaving apparatus comprising a housing (1) and at least one hair-cutting member (6). In order to prevent a user from irritating and injuring the skin during shaving, as far as possible, the shaving apparatus comprises means for warning the user when a given preset force is exceeded. The means can be, for example, one or more sensors which measure the force between the hair-cutting member and the housing during shaving. The sensor can be, for example, a Hall sensor (21), which is secured to the housing and which cooperates with an annular magnet (19), which is secured to a coupling pin (11) for driving the rotary hair-cutting member (6). The invention can also be used in wet-shavers.

The invention relates to a shaving apparatus comprising a housing and at least one hair-cutting member.
During shaving a user will try to avoid skin irritation and skin injury as far as possible. Skin irritation and injury occur when the hair-cutting member comes too intensively into contact with the skin, which occurs particularly when the user presses the hair-cutting member against the skin with excessive force. This can occur during use of wet-shavers as well as electric dry-shavers, and particularly when a user switches from one system to the other or in the case of an inexperienced user. In the initial period it is important that the user does not press the shaving apparatus against the skin with excessive force.


As the length of a cylinder of a magnetically shielding apparatus is shorter, the amount of magnetism of a component perpendicular to an axis of the cylinder which enters the opening portion of the cylinder is larger, resulting in a lower magnetic shield effect. A second magnetically shielding apparatus is formed in a cylinder with both ends or one direction close to an object to be measured being opened, and is disposed within a first magnetically shielding apparatus. An axial direction of the cylinder is substantially parallel to the magnetic flux density detection direction. The magnetic sensor, which conducts magnetic signal measurement and is disposed within the cylinder, is in the first magnetically shielding apparatus formed in a cylinder having both open ends, to thereby shield a magnetic flux density component that cannot be shielded by the first magnetically shielding apparatus by the periphery of the magnetic sensor.

As usual, a magnetic shield is realized by perfectly covering an area that is sufficiently larger than a measured area with a high permeability material. However, in this case, in a device that measures magnetism generated from a human body, because a space that is larger than the human body is covered with a high permeability, a large space that is 2 m×2 m×2 m (depth, width, height) is required (for example, Non-Patent Document 1:IEEE Tran. MAG. Vol. MAG-18, No. 1, pp. 260-270, Jan.). A magnetically shielding apparatus obtains a high magnetic shield effect, but suffers from such a problem that a large location space is required, for example, in the case where the magnetically shielding apparatus is located within a hospital, the hospital is limited to a large hospital. Also, since the magnetically shielding apparatus completely constitutes a closed space, there is an adverse effect that the apparatus increasingly makes things psychogenic uncomfortable for a person to be examined.
Under the circumstances, as another method, there has been reported a magnetically shielding apparatus in which circular cylinders which are different in diameter from each other and made of a plurality of high permeability materials are sequentially concentrically arranged, and gaps are defined between the respective adjacent cylinders (Patent Document 1: JP-A No. 214166/1997). The cylinders that are open at both ends thereof and made of the high permeability materials are coaxially combined together, thereby making it possible to solve such a problem that the occupied space is large.
In Patent Document 1, there is a disclosure that a large number of permalloy plates which are made of a high permeability alloy material of Ni—Fe base are used to fabricate a magnetically shielded room such as a prefab room as the conventional art. The conventional art suffers from such a problem that a long time is required for fabrication of the magnetic shield, the number of parts used in the magnetic shield is large, and the magnetic shield becomes very expensive. Patent Document 1 discloses that a rate of the price occupied by the magnetic shield with respect to the price of the biologic magnetic signal measurement apparatus is large, and it is desirable to reduce the costs of the magnetic shield.
Also, there has been reported a technique by which in order to obtain the higher magnetic shield effect within the magnetically shielding apparatus disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1, a partial space within the magnetically shielding apparatus is covered with the high permeability magnetic body to enhance the magnetic shield effect of the partial space (Patent Document 2: JP-A No. 128193/1999). In addition, in Non-Patent Document 1 and Patent Documents 1, 2, the high permeability material is employed as the magnetically shielding technique. On the contrary, there has been reported a magnetically shielding apparatus using a superconducting cylinder that does not transmit a magnetism at all (Patent Document 3: JP-A No. 97696/1994).
In Patent Document 3, the superconducting cylinder that is open at both ends thereof is used, and both of those open ends are closed by superconducting plates, respectively. In the case where the superconductor is used as the magnetic shield material, it is necessary to make a superconducting state. As a result, there arise the following problems. Because a cooling mechanism is required, the device is prevented from being complicated increased in the size. Also, because the opening portions are closed, the entrance into and exit from the cylinder become troublesome, and a narrow closed space is provided.


A device apparatus transmits a request for delegating authority, after it is delegated from a user, to an application, together with first authority information identified, to an approval server system, and acquires second authority information issued based on the first authority information from the approval server system.

1. Field
Aspects of the present invention generally relate to a device apparatus that is operable in response to delegation of authority from a user, a method for controlling the device apparatus, and a related storage medium.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, a widely recognized on-line server can provide various types of services, including a service that is usable to create a PDF electronic document and a service that is usable to store the created electronic document, to a terminal via the internet. More specifically, each user can generate an electronic document by using an on-line service that is available via the terminal, when the terminal does not have any function of generating such an electronic document. Further, each user can use an on-line service to store personal electronic document data that exceeds the maximum storage capacity of the terminal.
Further, due to development of cloud systems, there is an increasing opportunity of creating new values obtainable by causing a plurality of services to cooperate with each other. For example, as an example cooperation of two services, when a PDF electronic document is generated using one service, the generated document can be directly stored in another service without requiring any operation by the terminal. On the other hand, the following problems may occur when a plurality of services cooperate with each other.
In short, the risk of leaking user data and personal information increases significantly if a great amount of information is transmitted and received between two or more services beyond user intention. When two or more services cooperate with each other, it is desired that a service can acquire user data and personal information only when the service can provide a result responding to user's request. On the other hand, for a service provider, employing an easily installable mechanism for the cooperation of services is desired.
OAuth protocol provides a standard way to realize approval cooperation considering the above-mentioned situation. For example, among a plurality of services having installed OAuth, accessing a service A without using any user authentication information is feasible for a third-party service B if a specific authority is given to the third-party service B from a user. In this case, it is necessary for the service A to inform the user of explicit contents of authority (e.g., data to be accessed by the third-party service B and a usable range of the service) before it gives user approval to the access from the third-party service B. The conduct performed by a user to give explicit approval via an approval screen is referred to as "approval operation."
If the user performs the approval operation, the service A gives specific authority approved by the user to the third-party service B. Then, the third-party service B directly or indirectly receives an approval token from the service A. The approval token is proof of recognizing the access from the service B based on the approved authority. Subsequently, the third-party service B can access the service A using the approval token.
A sequential processing flow for causing the entity that uses the service (e.g., the third-party service B according to the above-mentioned example) to store the approval token (i.e., the result of the approval operation performed by the user) can be referred to as user operation for delegating authority to the third-party service B.
As mentioned above, an entity that provides a usable service gives actual authority to an entity that uses the service. According to the above-mentioned example, the service A gives authority to the service B after confirming the approval operation performed by the user.
The above-mentioned technique is not limited to the cooperation between services. It is conventionally known that an application installed on a terminal that a user operates can cooperate with a service accessible via the internet using OAuth. For example, when a plurality of applications is installed on a smartphone (i.e., a communication tool having the capability of adding and deleting applications), each application can cooperate with an external service accessible via the internet. As a representative example, an application installed on a smartphone can cooperate with an on-line service, which is generally referred to as social networking service (SNS), using OAuth.
In this case, the application installed on the smartphone accesses the SNS on behalf of a user. The authority delegated to the application is limited to minimum functionality necessary to use the SNS (e.g., the authority required to post a message). The application can cooperate with the SNS with appropriate authority without storing SNS authentication information in the smartphone.
After user authority is delegated to an application, if the application uses a cloud service in a state where a user does not log in a device, it is generally difficult to identify an authority to be used.

Device apparatus, control method, and relating storage medium


[Problem to be Solved]

An aqueous antimicrobial composition, which is impregnated in a wet wipe, usually contains an active ingredient having an antiseptic and/or antifungal effect along water, alcohol and the like. Such a wet wipe is used directly in contact with the skin, and the active ingredient is therefore required to be highly safe, and have low skin irritation to a human body. Such properties are important, in particular, for a person having a low skin resistance such as an infant, and an aged person.
In recent years, warmers for keeping wet wipes used as wipers for baby's bottom at a suitable temperature have been used, and wet wipes may be stored in a higher temperature range (approximately in the range of 35-45 degrees Celsius) than room temperature. There is therefore need for long-term persistence of the antiseptic effect at such temperatures. Storage at such temperatures may cause discoloration of a chemical solution impregnated in the wet wipes. There is therefore also need for long-term stability of such a solution in a higher temperature range than mom temperature.
Conventionally, the following antibacterial compositions are disclosed.
Dimethyliminio
A. An aqueous composition for use in impregnation into nonwoven fabric wipe consisting of potassium sorbate, citric acid, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, (a) polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride or (b) a cation bioside, which is poly [oxyethylene (dimethyliminioy) ethylene (dimethyliminio) ethylene dichloride]; and water, wherein the pH of the composition is from about 3.5 to about 4.5. (Patent Document 1)B. A sterilizer obtained by wetting a base fabric with a liquid containing a quaternary ammonium salt as a sterilizing and an N-coconut oil fatty acid acyl-L-arginine ethyl DL-pyrrolidone carboxylate. (Patent Document 2)C. An antibacterial composition which comprises an antibacterially effective amounts of mixture comprising at least two of:
(a) lemon glass oil;
(b) cinnamaldehyde, cinnamide oil, cinnamomum cassia, cinnamon extract, cassia leaf oil, 3, 4-dihydroxycinnamic acid or a salt thereof, or a mixture thereof;
(c) sorbic acid or a salt thereof;
(d) erythorbic acid or a salt thereof;
(e) benzoic acid or a salt thereof;
(f) arabinogalactan, galactoarabinane, or mixtures thereof;
(g) hexahydro-iso-alpha acid, tetrahydro-iso-alpha acid, or mixtures thereof;
(h) Achillea fragrantissima oils, Santolina fragrantissima oils, Forssk oils, Lavender cotton oils; and
(i) glucono-β-lactone. (Patent Document 3)
D. A composition for preventing proliferation of bacteria or fungi comprising an organic acid or a salt selected from the group consisting of: 2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, sodium 2-hydroxybenzoate, dehydroacetic acid, sodium dehydroacetate, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, formic acid, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, acetic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, malic acid, propionic acid, sodium propionate, lauric acid, undecylenic acid and sodium undecylenate. (Patent Document 4)E. An antibacterial cleansing composition comprising:
a. an antibacterial agent selected from the group consisting of triclosan, triclocarbine, octopix, PCMX, ZPT, natural essential oils and the like
b. an anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of sodium and aluminum alkyl sulfates and ether sulfates having chain lengths of predominantly 12 and 14 carbon atoms, olefin sulfates having chain lengths of predominantly 14-16 carbon atoms, paraffin sulfonates having an average chain length of 13 to 17 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof;
c. a proton donating agent selected from the group consisting of adipic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid, gluctaric acid, benzoic acid, malonic acid, salicylic acid, gluconic acid, polyacrylic acid, and salts thereof, and mixtures thereof; and
d. water;
wherein the antibacterial cleansing composition has a pH of 3.0 to 6.0. (Patent Document 5)
F. A water-soluble composition for impregnation into a fiber sheet, comprising a polyaminopropyl biguanide, or a mixture of a polyaminopropyl biguanide and a quaternary ammonium salt; sodium benzoate; citric acid, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate; a nonionic surfactant; and water; and wherein the pH of the chemical solution is 3.5 to 4.5. (Patent Document 6)G. An antibacterial cleaning solution comprising a proton donating agent and an alkyl phosphate anionic surfactant,
wherein the proton donating agent is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, dehydroacetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, citric acid, sorbic acid, formic acid, phosphoric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, caprilic acid, glutaric acid, salicylic acid, boric acid, monohalogenated acetic acid, dicarboxylic acid, fumaric acid, and combinations or mixtures thereof,
the alkyl phosphate anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium mono lauryl phosphate, potassium mono lauryl phosphate, diethanolamine mono lauryl phosphate,triethanolamin mono lauryl phosphate, sodium mono coco phosphate, potassium mono coco phosphate, triethanolamine mono coco cphosphate, sodium mono capric phosphate, potassium mono capric phosphate, triethanolamine mono capric phosphate, and combinations thereof and mixtures thereof. (Patent Document 7)
H. A cosmetic characterized by comprising plant extract, and sulfurous acid or a salt thereof. (Patent Document 8)
I. A skin cosmetic characterized by comprising (A) two or more selected from γ-amino-β-hydroxybutyric acid and/or a salt thereof, N-acetylglucosamine, Pyracantha fortuneana extract, Geoscorea Composita extract, Lonicera japonica extract and zanthoxylum fruit extract; (B) one or more of sulfurous acid or sulfites selected from sulfurous acid, sulfite, hydrogen sulfurous acid, hydrogen sulfite, pyrosulfurous acid, and pyrosulfite; and (C) the extract of rhodominyrtus totrans. (Patent Document 9)

Abstract: [Problem to be Solved]

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous antimicrobial composition which exhibits excellent antibacterial and antifungal activities even at a low concentration and has high safety, low skin irritation, and excellent long-term stability.

Abstract: [Solution]

Abstract: Aqueous antimicrobial compositions comprising two or more compounds selected from (a) benzoic acid or a salt thereof, (b) δ-gluconolactone, (c) ketonic acid or a salt thereof, and (d) sorbic acid or a salt thereof; and at least one or more dicarboxylic acid represented by General Formula (I) or a salt thereof.


A method and processor for generating a 3D-platform representation of a tooth-specific platform for attachment of a dental appliance to a tooth of a patient are disclosed. The method includes acquiring a 3D-tooth representation of the tooth, and defining an attachment zone on the surface of the 3D-tooth representation. The attachment zone has a zone perimeter enclosing a surface portion of the 3D-tooth representation corresponding to a surface portion of the tooth to which the tooth-specific platform is to be attached. The method also includes generating the 3D-platform representation having (i) a tooth-oriented surface matching the surface portion of the 3D-tooth representation and having a perimeter matching the zone perimeter, (ii) a perimeter wall extending between the tooth-oriented surface and the tooth-opposite surface and away from the surface portion, and (iii) a tooth-opposite surface matching an expanded surface portion of the 3D-tooth representation.

In orthodontics, treatments for achieving alignment of malposed teeth in a patient include applying orthodontic appliances to the patient's teeth, such as pre-shaped orthodontic wire(s) attached to the brackets which are themselves attached to the teeth. The wires, also known as archwires, are typically made from shape memory alloys which have the ability to recover their shape after being deformed. This re-shaping occurs at a predetermined temperature, usually around 38° C. Shape memory alloys used in orthodontic archwires include nickel-titanium alloys (e.g. Nitinol™), beta-titanium alloys, and copper nickel-titanium alloys.
The wires are typically pre-shaped into a desired shape by forming bends at desired positions and with desired angles, heating under tension, and super-cooling. The heating step typically comprises electric heating. Once pre-shaped, the wire is attached to the brackets by bending its shape to conform to the general shape of the malposed teeth. When the wire warms to mouth temperature it reverts to its original shape thereby exerting a force on the teeth to which it is attached to move them.
A typical orthodontic treatment comprises a number of consecutive treatment steps in which wires of different shapes and/or stiffness may be used for applying different forces to the teeth as the alignment progresses. In some cases, the treatment steps may be classified as an aligning stage, a levelling stage, a working stage, a finishing stage and a settling stage. In some cases, the treatment stages comprise an initial stage, a transitional stage and a finishing stage. The treatment stages may include an imposed orthodontic action such as rotation or linear movement of one or more teeth, development of the arch form, a levelling of the arches, torque control or simple retention of the position. Generally, the earlier treatment stages apply more gentle forces compared to the main treatment stages. Thicker wires may be used for the more aggressive repositioning phase.
As a result, it is important for the archwire to be securely attached to the teeth of a patient during each treatment stage of the orthodontic treatment plan.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Systems and methods for generating 3D-representation of tooth-specific platform for dental appliance


The present disclosure discloses a method and apparatus for directional display of an audio device, and an audio device. The audio device according to the present disclosure includes a display screen whose position is adjustable, and the method according to the present disclosure includes, by using a spherical camera array, determining a spatial position of a user; according to a relation among the spatial position of the user, a center position of the audio device and a center position of the display screen, determining a horizontal compensation angle and a vertical compensation angle of a display direction of the display screen relative to the spatial position of the user; and adjusting the display direction of the display screen, to cause the horizontal compensation angle and the vertical compensation angle to be zero.

With the growth in the living standard, smart-home devices are becoming increasingly popular in everyday life. Smart loudspeaker boxes, as one of them, are immensely popular. Some of the smart multimedia devices in the market are mostly provided with a display screen. The display screen can not only be used to display the relevant information, but also realize the man-machine-interaction controlling of the smart loudspeaker box by touching the display screen.
Currently, the display directions of the display screens of smart loudspeaker boxes are generally fixed, and cannot be adjusted in real time to track the user in real time for directional display, so that the user must move to face the display screen or manually move the loudspeaker box, when watching the display screen or performing a touch operation, which results in a poor man-machine interaction, and affects the user experience. In addition, other objects, desirable features and characteristics will become apparent from the subsequent summary and detailed description, and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and this background.

Directional display method and apparatus for audio device and audio device