A moving object detection method includes acquiring two depth image frames including depth information, which are obtained by continuously taking images of a moving object, the two depth image frames including a present depth image frame and at least one past depth image frame; dividing each of the two depth image frames into a plurality of blocks; calculating differences between numbers of pixels positioned in respective different depth areas in each of the plurality of blocks in the present depth image frame, and numbers of pixels positioned in respective different depth areas in each of the corresponding plurality of blocks in each of the at least one past depth image frame, which correspond to the plurality of blocks in the present depth image frame; and detecting a moving block in the present depth image frame based on the calculated difference and constituting the detected moving object.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a moving object detection method and system, and more specifically to a technology of detecting a human hand based on depth information of stereoscopic vision.
2. Description of the Related Art
The detection of a moving object is one aspect of studies regarding a planar image process and a stereoscopic vision process. By detecting a different moving object, it is possible to implement a series of subsequent controls and operations, based on the detection of the different moving object. Specifically, for example, at present, the control of gestures based on stereoscopic vision is widely applied to various types of intelligent equipment, television sets, and game consoles. Gesture control is based on detection of a human hand. In the interaction process between a human and a computer, a human hand is typically continuously moving; however, there are cases where the hand stays at a certain position for a while. For example, an interaction system uses the staying time of the hand to trigger a single event. Therefore, it is necessary to detect a moving object such as a human hand, such that subsequent operations and interactions are accurately implemented.
In Chinese Patent Publication No. CN101437124A, the invention of which was invented by CHUNLIN LI and JIN WANG, disclosed on May 20, 2009, titled "Method for processing dynamic gesture identification signal facing (to) television set control", a method for processing dynamic gesture identification signals for television set control is introduced. This method includes collecting user motion images in front of a television by using a camera built in the television, acquiring a moving object by analyzing the collected images, extracting information of a hand target from the moving object and generating a trajectory, and subsequently determining an instruction corresponding to the trajectory and generating a television control instruction. More specifically, this method includes constructing a background image by using an average value of a grayscale image of a continuous multi-frame, calculating the difference between the present frame and the background image and acquiring a plurality of objects, and analyzing the trajectories of these objects and determining the parts of the body to which these objects belong. When the trajectory in a certain area matches a feature that is defined in advance, it is determined that this area is the area where the hand is located. The feature defined in advance is constructed based on the assumption that the movement of the hand is more rapid than the movement of the head, and within a certain range of a distance between the hand and the head. U.S. Pat. No. 8,374,423B2, the invention of which was invented by Lee et. al., granted on Feb. 12, 2013, and titled "Motion Detection Using Depth Images", introduces a moving object detection method based on a depth image, which includes setting an average value of depth images of a continuous multi-frame as a single reference image, obtaining the difference between the present depth image frame and the reference image in units of pixels and acquiring a moving image, and then determining the object to which the pixel belongs in the moving image. This method is for controlling an application by using position information of the moving object.
PCT Patent Publication No. WO2011045789, the invention of which was invented by Perski et. al., disclosed on Apr. 21, 2011, and titled "Computer Vision Gesture Based Control of a Device", introduces a gesture control method. This method includes obtaining the difference between two frames of a 2D or 3D image and acquiring the difference image, detecting the edge in the image and acquiring an outline, and comparing the detected outline with a hand part outline model. This method requires that the user's hand is open and directly facing the camera, and the fingers of the hand are extended.
By a typical movement estimation method, it is not possible to accurately acquire the moving object that is the human hand. Furthermore, for example, when other parts of the body move (for example, the arm moves), the calculation of the moving object that is the human hand may not be sufficiently accurate. Therefore, there is a need for a technology to detect the moving object that is a human hand more accurately.

Moving object detection method and system


A connector provided with an unlocking member comprises: a female connector housing formed with a locking pawl portion; a male connector housing formed with a flexible locking arm having a locking projection engaged with the locking pawl portion of the female connector housing; an unlocking member formed with an unlock drive projection and a male connector removal portion. When moved within the female connector housing, the unlocking member deforms the flexible locking arm by bringing the unlock drive projection thereof into contact with the locking projection to disengage the locking projection from the locking pawl portion and further removes the male connector housing from the female connector housing by the male connector removal portion thereof. In the connector, since the locking condition of both male and female connector housings can be released simply by pulling-out or pushing-in the unlocking member, it is possible to facilitate connector unlocking work within a narrow space.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show an example of a conventional connector provided with a lock and unlock mechanism, which is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid Open (Kokai) No. 62-22381.
In these drawings, the connector is composed of a male connector housing a and a female connector housing d. The male connector housing a is formed with a flexible locking arm b and an arch-shaped lock guard portion c. The flexible locking arm b is further formed with a locking projection b.sub.1 and an arch-shaped unlocking portion b.sub.2. On the other hand, the female connector housing d is formed with a lock pawl portion e.
Therefore, when the male connector housing a is inserted into the female connector housing d as shown in FIG. 2, since the locking projection b1 is engaged with the lock pawl portion e, the two male and female connector housings a and d are locked to each other. On the other hand, when the arch-shaped unlocking portion b2 is pushed down, since the locking projection b1 is disengaged from the lock pawl portion e, the two male and female connector housings a and d are unlocked from each other. Here, the arch-shaped lock guard portion c serves to prevent the locked conditions of both the locking projection b1 and the lock pawl portion e from being released inadvertently by an unexpected force.
In the conventional connector provided with the lock and unlock mechanism as described above, however, when the connector is required to be unlocked within a narrow or limited space within an automotive vehicle, since the arch-shaped lock guard portion c is present, there exists a problem in that it is not easy to unlock the connector by the worker's fingers. In other words, it has been difficult to push the unlocking portion b2 from above in the transversal direction of the connector housings within a narrow and small space, for removal of the male connector housing a form the female connector housing d.


Methoxy and ethoxy substituted 3-aroyl-2-arylbenzob!thiophenes and benzob!thiophene analogues are described for use in inhibiting tubulin polymerization. The compounds' use for treating tumor cells is also described.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to the field of tubulin polymerization inhibitors. More particularly, it concerns the use of 3-aroyl-2-aryl-benzob!thiophenes and analogues thereof as anti-tumor agents.
2. Description of Related Art
An aggressive chemotherapeutic strategy toward the treatment and maintenance of solid-tumor cancers continues to rely on the development of architecturally new and biologically more potent anti-tumor, anti-mitotic agents. A variety of clinically-promising compounds which demonstrate potent cytotoxic and anti-tumor activity are known to effect their primary mode of action through an efficient inhibition of tubulin polymerization (Gerwick et al.). This class of compounds undergoes an initial binding interaction to the ubiquitous protein tubulin which in turn arrests the ability of tubulin to polymerize into microtubules which are essential components for cell maintenance and cell division (Owellen et al.).
Currently the most recognized and clinically useful tubulin polymerization inhibitors for the treatment of cancer are vinblastine and vincristine (Lavielle, et al.). Additionally, the natural products rhizoxin (Nakada, et al., 1993a and 1993b; Boger et al; Rao et al., 1992 and 1993; Kobayashi et al., 1992 and 1993) combretastin A-4 and A-2 (Lin et al.; Pettit, et al., 1982, 1985, and 1987) and taxol (Kingston et al; Schiff et al; Swindell, et a, 1991; Parness, et al.) as well as certain synthetic analogues including the 2-styrylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones (SQO) (Jiang et al.) and highly oxygenated derivatives of cis- and trans-stilbene (Cushman et al.) and dihydrostilbene are all known to mediate their cytotoxic activity through a binding interaction with tubulin. The exact nature of this interaction remains unknown and most likely varies somewhat between the series of compounds.
Tubulin is a heterodimer of the globular .alpha. and .beta. tubulin subunits. A number of photoaffinity labeling reagents for tubulin have been developed and evaluated (Rao et al., 1992 and 1994; Chavan et al.; Sawada et al., 1991, 1993a and 1993b; Staretz et al.; Hahn et al; Wolff et al.; Floyd et al; Safa et al.; Williams et al.). These reagents have identified three distinct small molecule binding sites on tubulin: the colchicine site, the vinblastine site and the maytansine/rhizoxin site. Additionally, a first generation rhizoxin-based photoaffinity labeling reagent has suggested binding to the Met-363-Lys-379 site on .beta.-tubulin (Sawada et al., 1993a), and a taxol-based reagent has been found to label the N-terminal 31 amino acid residues of .beta.-tubulin (Swindell et al, 1991 and 1994; Rao et al., 1994). Taxol itself is known to bind to polymerized microtubules, but not at distinct sites on the monomer subunits of tubulin (Kingston et al.; Schiff et al.; Swindell et al., 1991; Parness et al.).
Recent studies (Shirai et al., D'Amato et al.) have suggested that compounds which are estrogenic in nature and also contain a methoxy aryl functionality show increased binding at the colchicine binding site of tubulin. These compounds may be estrogens or antiestrogens which bind to the estrogen receptor. One compound of this type which has already been shown to be a viable inhibitor of tubulin polymerization is 2-methoxyestradiol (D'Amato et al). As a steroid, however, the use of 2-methoxyestradiol as an anti-cancer agent may lead to unwanted side effects.
Even before the discovery that estrogenic compounds were inhibitors of tubulin polymerization, antiestrogens were developed to treat hormone-dependent cancers and a number of nonsteroidal agents were developed. Tamoxifen, for instance, has been widely used to treat estrogen-dependent metastatic mammary carcinoma (Mouridsen, et al.). The structure of trioxifene mesylate, a tetralin based compound which exhibits anti-tumor effects at the same or higher level as tamoxifen (Jones et al., 1979), includes a ketone moiety as part of its triarylethylene core, thereby overcoming the isomerization tendencies of the ethylene double bond of this class of compounds, assuring the stability of the molecule's three-dimensional structure. Unfortunately, despite their antiestrogen properties, tamoxifen and the related triarylethylene derivatives retain some intrinsic estrogen agonist properties, reducing their ability to fully inhibit biological responses to exogenous or endogenous estrogens (Jones et al., 1984).
The benzob!thiophenes are another example of a class of compounds which often exhibit very high affinity for the estrogen receptor (Kym et al.; Pinney et al., 1991a and 1991b; WO 95/10513). The 2,3-diaryl substituted benzob!thiophenes greatly resemble the triarylethylene-based core structure of tamoxifen. The estrogenicity of the triarylethylene compounds has been shown to be substantially overcome in 3-aroyl-2-arylbenzob!thiophene compounds substituted at the 3-aroyl group with basic amine moieties (Jones et al., 1984). A prime example of this type of compound is LY117018 (U.S. Pat. No. 4,656,187). 3-aroyl-2-arylbenzob!thiophenes have also been found to be useful antifertility agents (U.S. Pat. No. 4,133,814) and as inhibitors for 5-lipoxygenase (U.S. Pat. No. 5,532,382).

Anti-mitotic agents which inhibit tubulin polymerization


An amplifier in which a current mirror circuit 53 is formed of a transistor Q25 on the input side and a transistor Q26 on the output side. The base-emitter junction area of the transistor Q26 is set to be N (N>1) times as large as that of the transistor Q25. A parallel circuit of a resistor R25 and a capacitor C25 is connected between the base of the transistor Q25 and its bias point Q27. A resistor R26 is connected between the base of the transistor Q26 and the bias point Q27. The resistance value of the resistor R25 is set to be virtually N times as large as the resistance value of the resistor R26. When an input current i25 is supplied to the transistor Q25, an output current i26, which is N times as large as the input current, is obtained from the transistor Q26 on the output side, whereas the output current i26 is held lower than N times of the input current i25 when the frequency of the input current is high.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a wideband amplifier for use, for example, in an AM radio receiver.
2. Description of the Related Art
When integrating a radio receiver into a one-chip IC arrangement, if the intermediate-frequency filter is formed of a ceramic filter or the like, it becomes impossible to incorporate the intermediate-frequency filter into the IC.
Accordingly, it is considered as a solution to form the intermediate-frequency filter of an active filter using resistors, capacitors, and operational amplifiers. In such case, if the intermediate frequency f.sub.i is set to its standard value, 450 kHz, satisfactory results cannot be obtained because, then, the area occupied by the active filter on the semiconductor pellet becomes too great.
Accordingly, it is further considered to reduce the intermediate frequency f.sub.i to a value sufficiently lower than the frequency band of the received signal, to 55 kHz, for example.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of such IC or radio receiver. Referring to FIG. 3, the portion 10 enclosed by a chain line indicates an IC for the one-chip IC AM receiver and T1 to T8 denote its external terminal pins, of which the pin T3 is a power supply pin and the pin T4 is a grounding terminal pin.
The parts located outside the chain line are parts or circuits externally connected to the IC, of which reference numeral 1 denotes an antenna tuner and 2 denotes a resonator for local oscillation. The tuner 1 is formed of a bar antenna (antenna tuning coil) L1 and a variable capacitor VC1 and the resonator 2 is formed of a local oscillation coil L2 and a variable capacitor VC2 associated with the variable capacitor VC1.
Further, SW denotes a power supply switch, BATT denotes a power supply battery, for example, of 3 V, VR denotes a variable resistor for volume control, and SP denotes a speaker.
By the antenna tuner 1, a broadcast wave signal S.sub.r with a frequency f.sub.r EQU S.sub.r =Er.multidot.sin .omega..sub.r t EQU .omega..sub.r =2.pi.f.sub.r
is selectively acquired. Since what are relevant to signal processes described hereinafter are only the relative amplitude and phase between these signals, the initial phase is neglected in the above expression and in the following description.
The signal S.sub.r is supplied to a high-frequency amplifier 11 through the terminal pin T1 of the IC 10, and the signal S.sub.r from the amplifier 11 is supplied to a first and a second mixer 12A and 12B.
To the resonator 2, a local oscillator 13 is connected through the terminal pin T2, and therein, a local oscillation signal S.sub.o is generated. At this time, the oscillation frequency of the oscillation signal S.sub.o is set to 2f.sub.o such that EQU 2f.sub.o =(f.sub.r +f.sub.i).times.2,
where f.sub.i is an intermediate frequency, f.sub.i =55 kHz.
The oscillation signal S.sub.o is supplied to a frequency divider (counter) 14 and divided into local signals S.sub.oa and S.sub.ob with a half the original frequency and a phase difference of 90.degree. therebetween. More specifically, the oscillation signal S.sub.o is divided for frequency into S.sub.oa and S.sub.ob such that EQU S.sub.oa =E.sub.o .multidot.cos .omega..sub.o t, EQU S.sub.ob =E.sub.o .multidot.sin .omega..sub.o t,
where EQU .omega..sub.o =2.pi.f.sub.o.
These signals S.sub.oa and S.sub.ob are supplied to the mixers 12A and 12B, respectively, to be multiplied by the signal S.sub.r, and the following signals S.sub.ia and S.sub.ib are taken out from the mixers 12A and 12B ##EQU1##
As described later, the signal components with the angular frequency (.omega..sub.r -.omega..sub.o) out of the above signals S.sub.ia and S.sub.ib are used as the intermediate-frequency signals and the signal components with the angular frequency (.omega..sub.r +.omega..sub.o) are eliminated. Hence, neglecting, for simplicity, the signal components with the angular frequency (.omega..sub.r +.omega..sub.o) in the above expressions, we obtain EQU S.sub.ia =.alpha..multidot.sin(.omega..sub.r -.omega..sub.o)t, EQU S.sub.ib =.alpha..multidot.cos(.omega..sub.r -.omega..sub.o)t.
An image signal S.sub.m, at this time, is expressed as EQU S.sub.m =E.sub.m .multidot.sin .omega..sub.m t,
where EQU .omega..sub.m =.omega..sub.o +.omega..sub.i, EQU .omega..sub.i =2.pi.f.sub.i.
Hence, if the image signal S.sub.m is included in the broadcast wave signal S.sub.r from the tuner 1, then the signals S.sub.ia and S.sub.ib' become EQU S.sub.ia =.alpha..multidot.sin(.omega..sub.r -.omega..sub.o)t+.beta..multidot.sin (.omega..sub.m -.omega..sub.o)t, EQU S.sub.ib =.alpha..multidot.cos(.omega..sub.r -.omega..sub.o)t+.beta..multidot.cos(.omega..sub.m -.omega..sub.o)t,
where .beta.=E.sub.m .multidot.E.sub.o /2. Further, since EQU .omega..sub.r <.omega..sub.o <.omega..sub.m,
the above expressions become ##EQU2##
These signals S.sub.ia and S.sub.ib are supplied to phase shifters 15A and 15B. The phase shifters 15A and 15B are formed, for example, of active filters using capacitors, resistors, and operational amplifiers. The signal S.sub.ia is shifted for phase in the phase shifter 15A by a value .phi. and the signal S.sub.ib is shifted for phase in the phase shifter 15B by a value (.phi.+90.degree.), and thereby, the two input signals S.sub.ia and S.sub.ib are shifted for phase so as to have the phase difference 90.degree..+-.1.degree. therebetween, within the frequency range of 55 kHz.+-.10 kHz.
Thus, the signal S.sub.ib is arranged to lead the signal S.sub.ia by 90.degree. after phase shifting by the phase shifters 15A and 15B, and these signals become ##EQU3## These signals S.sub.ia and S.sub.ib are supplied to an adder 16 to be added together. From the adder 16 is obtained a signal S.sub.i expressed as ##EQU4## the signal S.sub.i is the desired intermediate-frequency signal. Further, it is known that, even if an image signal S.sub.m is included in the broadcast wave signal S.sub.r from the tuner 1, the intermediate-frequency signal S.sub.i does not include signal components due to the image signal S.sub.m because such signal components cancel each other.
Thus, the intermediate-frequency signal S.sub.i (and signal components with the angular frequency (.omega..sub.r +.omega..sub.o) and others) converted from the broadcast wave signal S.sub.r can be obtained from the adder 16.
The intermediate-frequency signal S.sub.i is supplied to a bandpass filter 17 for intermediate-frequency filtering. The bandpass filter 17 is formed, for example, of a biquad active filter using capacitors, resistors, and operational amplifiers and its passband is set to be 55 kHz.+-.3 kHz. Thus, unnecessary signal components are attenuated by the bandpass filter 17 and only the intermediate-frequency signal S.sub.i is taken out.
The thus obtained intermediate-frequency signal S.sub.i is supplied to an AM detector 22 through an amplifier 21, and thereby, an audio signal S.sub.s (and a DC component V22 corresponding to the level of the intermediate-frequency signal S.sub.i) is taken out and this audio signal S.sub.s is supplied to an audio amplifier 23 with differential inputs. The signal S.sub.s from the amplifier 23 is supplied to the speaker SP through the pin T8 and a capacitor C5.
The signal S.sub.ib from the mixer 12B is supplied to an AGC voltage generator 18 and, therein, an AGC voltage is generated. This AGC voltage is supplied to the amplifier 11 as the control signal of its gain and, therein, an AGC operation is performed on the signals S.sub.ia and S.sub.ib. In this case, the generator 18 is connected to a capacitor C3 for smoothing the AGC voltage through the pin T5. The AGC voltage is further supplied as the reference voltage to each of operational amplifiers constituting the phase shifters 15A and 15B and the bandpass filter 17.
The detected output from the detector 22 is supplied to an AGC voltage generator 24 to obtain an AGC voltage, and this AGC voltage is supplied to the amplifiers 11 and 21 as the control signal of their gains and, therein, AGC operations are performed on the signals S.sub.ia, S.sub.ib, and S.sub.i.
In this case, the generator 24 is connected to a capacitor C4 through the pin T6, and a low-pass filter is formed with this capacitor C4, and thereby, the DC voltage V22 is extracted from the detected output, and from this DC voltage V22 is generated the AGC voltage. The DC voltage V22 is supplied to the differential input of the amplifier 23, whereby the DC component V22 supplied, together with the audio signal S.sub.s, from the detector 22 to the amplifier 23 is equivalently canceled.
Further, the amplifier 23 is connected with the variable resistor VR through the pin T7. The gain of the amplifier 23 is controlled according to the resistance value of the variable resistor VR and, thus, the volume control is achieved with this variable resistor VR.
The capacitor C6 is for bypassing signal components other than the audio signal S.sub.s.
In the present example, since the intermediate frequency f.sub.i is sufficiently lower than the general intermediate frequency or receive band, the area occupied by the bandpass filter (intermediate-frequency filter) 17 for each step becomes larger but the number of steps for obtaining a required selectivity characteristic can be decreased. Accordingly, the area occupied by the whole of the bandpass filter 17 can be made smaller and hence it can be integrated into the IC arrangement.
When the intermediate frequency f.sub.i is low, the image characteristic generally becomes worse, but since the image signal S.sub.m is removed by 12A, 15A, and 16, the image characteristic is prevented from becoming worse.
Further, since the phase shifters 15A and 15B as well as the bandpass filter 17 are formed of active filters, there is a limit in the signal level which can be handled by each of the circuits 15A, 15B, and 17. However, since AGC is applied to the amplifier 12, the phase shifters 15A and 15B and the bandpass filter 17 can be prevented from being supplied with excessive inputs. An arrangement of AM/FM receiver with the described idea applied thereto is already disclosed in Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 1-273432 (to which U.S. Pat. No. 5,020,147 corresponds).
When a one-chip IC is arranged with the above idea applied thereto and a radio receiver is integrated into such an arrangement, the frequency band of the audio amplifier 23 extends to the receive frequency band of the receiver. Accordingly, a high-frequency feedback loop passing through the bar antenna L1.fwdarw.receiving circuit system of the IC 10.fwdarw.output terminal pin T8.fwdarw.bar antenna L1 is formed, and therefore, when the output of the amplifier 23 is made greater (when the gain of the amplifier 23 is increased), a troublesome oscillating state is produced in the high-frequency band.
To avoid such trouble, such a method as follows can be considered to cut off the feedback loop:
1. To connect a capacitor C6 between the pin T8 and ground;
2. To increase the distance between the bar antenna L1 and the output terminal pin T8;
3. To insert a high-frequency choke coil between the output terminal pin T8 and the speaker SP; or
4. To insert a high-frequency choke coil between the power supply terminal pin T3 and the switch SW.
However, when the method of the item number 1 is used, it is required to make the impedance of the capacitor C6 sufficiently smaller than the impedance of the speaker SP at the frequency causing the oscillation. To meet this requirement, the capacity of the capacitor C6 must be great. Then, it becomes impossible to integrate the capacitor C6 into the IC 10, and it becomes necessary to attach the capacitor C6 externally to the IC 10, which leads an increase in the number of parts used.
When the method of the item number 2 is used, though the number of the parts is not increased, the miniaturization of the receiver becomes unachievable. Further, when the method of the item number 3 or 4 is used, the coil cannot be integrated into the IC and, hence, the number of parts increases, the same as in the case where the method of the item number 1 is used.
Thus, it has been difficult to obtain a miniaturized high-performance receiver.

Current mirror power amplifier with gain controlled by resistor-capacitor network


A system and method are described for processing medical knowledge. The system comprises a database, a rendering engine and a feedback engine. The database may include medical knowledge sources, wherein an ontology specifies how the medical knowledge sources apply to specific disease conditions and patient populations. The rendering engine may convert medical knowledge obtained from the medical knowledge sources to a format suitable for a presentation to a patient on a selected patient device. The feedback engine may receive feedback from a plurality of patients and to provide feedback data to the database and the knowledge sources.

This proposal research and develop of a comprehensive new methodology and tool set for medical knowledge management, dissemination, and individualization. The research and development activities include (1) development of an ontology and semantics engine for medical knowledge and patient information from diverse and heterogeneous sources in order to determine best practices and consensus standards of care on a continuous basis, (2) development of decision support and knowledge dissemination tools in order to generate timely, relevant, and individualized care plans and patient education, and (3) development of a continuous feedback methodology and system whereby data gathered from the citizen enables care providers to automatically individualize care plans and patient communications and medical researchers to continuously test and validate rules and associations that drive that individualization.
Additionally, tools will be developed to enable researchers to identify patient characteristics that correlate to disease progression and outcomes and study of disease based on far more detailed patient data, collected at far higher frequency, and on a larger scale than was previously possible. The vast new amounts and sources of data, particularly high frequency data from ubiquitous monitoring outside of the traditional encounter necessitates the development of a new generation of knowledge management tools that automate and integrate the collection, processing and dissemination of medical knowledge to a greater degree than has previously existed.
As these e-health care management tools are disseminated and introduced into clinical practice and medical research, it will become possible for care providers, patients, and researchers to better understand, predict, prevent, and manage disease. The overall goal is to apply and generate medical knowledge in a continuous dynamic feedback process that leads to the lowest achievable risk and cost to society and the highest quality of care and quality of life for citizens.

Method and system for integrating feedback loops in medical knowledge development and healthcare management


The rotating electric machine has a stator coil wound around a stator, a magnetic pole and a signal rotor fixed to a rotor, and a detection stator, disposed opposite to the signal rotor, for detecting the rotational position of the rotor, characterized by further comprising an adjuster for adjusting the position of the signal rotor or the detection stator by supplying a direct current to a predetermined phase of the stator coil and then a direct current to a different phase from the predetermined phase to rotate the rotor by a predetermined angle or more and constrain the rotor.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a rotating electric machine having a rotational position sensor, and a method and device for positioning the rotational position sensor.
2. Description of the Related Art
A conventional device has been disclosed in JP-A-2002-186239. This conventional device is a brushless motor in which a detection rotor and a rotation axis are provided separately, and the detection rotor is fixed to the rotation axis by an instantaneous adhesive. Also, a method for assembling the brushless motor is disclosed, including fitting the detection rotor with a play to be relatively rotatable around the rotation axis, stopping a driving rotor at a predetermined position by continually supplying a direct current to a partial phase of a driving coil, tentatively deciding the position of the detection rotor by visual inspection so that the relative position between the detection rotor and the detection stator may fall within a tolerance range, generating an electromagnet action by continually supplying a direct current to a partial phase of an output coil, modifying the relative position between the detection rotor and the detection stator to be in a predetermined position by the movement of the detection rotor based on this electromagnet action, fixing the detection rotor to the rotation axis, and ceasing the supply of direct current to the driving coil and the output coil after completion of fixing.
The conventional brushless motor and the method for assembling the brushless motor are not suitable for the rotating electric machine for vehicle that is subjected to severe vibration and heat, because the detection rotor is fixed to the rotation axis by instantaneous adhesive. The driving rotor is stopped at a predetermined position by continually supplying a direct current to a partial phase of the driving coil, but actually, owing to a rotational friction force of bearings rotatably supporting the rotation axis as well as a rotational friction force produced in a structure in which a brush is rubbed against a slit ring fixed to the rotation axis such as an alternator for vehicle, the driving rotor can not be stopped at the predetermined intrinsic position accurately and stably simply by continually supplying a direct current to a partial phase of the driving coil, resulting in a problem that the rotational position sensor has a poor positioning precision, and the rotating electric machine has a degraded or insufficient performance. Moreover, there is another problem that the step of positioning is lengthened, and it in unsuitable for automation.

Rotating electric machine and method and device for positioning rotational position sensor for the machine


An internal combustion engine having a crankcase with a crankshaft and cylinders radiating from the crankcase, where the cylinders are circumferentially spaced apart. There are eccentric cams on the crankshaft which contact reciprocating pistons to move them in turn outwardly from the crankshaft. Pressurized air forced into the cylinders moves the pistons inwardly. The pressurized air and fuel are ignited in the cylinder to continue the reciprocation of the piston. Rotary valve tubes with ports supply air to the cylinders. The air is pressurized by a ram air blower. Both the rotary valve tubes and ram air blower are connected to a gear system driven by the crankshaft.

Reciprocating piston engines are well known in the prior art, the most common having a rotating crankshaft with off-set eccentric surfaces to which the pistons are connected for their reciprocation. Usually, there is a piston rod for each piston that connects the piston to the eccentric surface. This arrangement is commonly found in the well known V-8, straight 6 and 4 cylinder engines used in automobiles and boats. There are also the usual camshafts and valves, spark plugs and an ignition system. One of the problems with this arrangement is that the engines mentioned require the size of the engine block to be long enough to handle at least four pistons in a line. Considering that a single piston is about three inches or more in diameter, when multiplied by four and then adding in the cylinder size plus a cooling jacket surrounding each cylinder, the block will measure twenty inches or more. Engines of this size take a lot of space in an engine compartment.
Also, the conventional V-8 and straight 6 and 4 cylinder engines have been inefficient for their size and weight.
It is also known that rotary engines use radial placement of the pistons around a crankshaft with eccentric surfaces, require less space, and have fewer moving parts. Commonly, the pistons are connected to the crankshaft by piston rods. This type of engine does not require long crankshafts since there are generally four pistons radiating from the crankshaft and in the same plane. Most rotary engines have four pistons positioned 90 degrees apart, and a few have more. There are a few fluid motors which have two banks of four pistons stacked and connected to the same crankshaft. Two examples of this stacked arrangement are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,488,528 and 2,709,422. When pistons are arranged in a radial pattern and are 90 degrees apart, the pistons 180 degrees apart are often referred to as opposed pistons.
One of the difficulties with radial or opposed piston engines is providing an intake valve system to supply an air or a fuel/air mixture to the cylinders as needed. The usual intake valve and manifold arrangement with a camshaft to open and close the intake valves does not appear to be the answer, since the valves would have to be mounted on each head along with an overhead cam, adding substantially to the engine size and weight. One valve system of interest is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,584,610, where the intake valves extend coaxially through the pistons and includes valve stems carrying slotted guides and tension springs. A lobed cam moves the piston and intake valve against the valve closing force of the spring to open the valve to admit ignition gases to the combustion chamber. A similar type of piston with an intake valve is shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,010,754 and 1,580,720. In the patents cited, the fuel or fuel/air mixture are pumped into the crankcase where the crankshafts and other moving parts are located. Such a crankcase design does not provide proper lubrication of these moving parts, where high revolutions require the shaft bearings and the reciprocating pistons to be well lubricated to reduce wear. To avoid the use of overhead cams, rocker arms, etc., which make up the well known assembly or the intake valve-in piston arrangement with poor crankcase lubrication, a different valve system is needed. The present invention addresses this need.

Internal combustion rotary engine having a stacked arrangement of cylinders


The nonmagnetic toner for forming full color images of the present invention comprises:. a binder resin, a colorant and wax dispersed in the binder resin as wax particles; PA1 wherein the wax particles contained in the toner have a particle size distribution in which the wax particles having a particle size of 3 .mu.m or more are less than 3% by number, the wax particles having a particle size ranging from 2 .mu.m to less than 3 .mu.m are less than 12% by number, the wax particles having a particle size ranging from 1 .mu.m to less than 2 .mu.m are 5% to 30% by number, and the wax particles having a particle size of less than 1 .mu.m are 55% to 95% by number.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a nonmagnetic toner for forming full color images, and specifically relates to a nonmagnetic toner for developing electrostatic latent images in full color image forming apparatuses such as full color electrostatic type copiers, full color laser beam printers and the like.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, when fixing a toner image on a transfer sheet by means of a contact type heat-fixing method such as a heating roller fixing method or belt fixing method, a disadvantage arises in that during development toner is melted and transferred to a fixing roller, fixing belt or the like via contact therewith, and the transferred toner is thereafter re-adhered to a transfer sheet causing image noise (offset phenomenon).
The inclusion of wax such as low molecular weight polypropylene in the toner is a known art for preventing offset phenomenon but this practice produces further disadvantages described below when this art is applied to toner used in full color image forming apparatuses.
For example, when forming full color images using a full color laser beam printer, it is necessary to reduce the dot size for high resolution color image reproduction, and the variable density of the colors of the full color image are reproduced by changing the dot surface ratio per unit surface area. When forming an image of a pale color having a low dot surface area ratio (i.e., an image formed of separate dots), diffused reflection caused by said dots reduces light transmittancy and color reproducibility and becomes markedly problematic as dot size becomes smaller compared to images of deep colors having a high dot surface area ratio (image formed of continuous dots). This problem becomes even more pronounced when wax is added to the toner, and markedly reduced color reproducibility of pale colors when forming images on overhead projector transparencies (hereinafter referred to as "OHP film"). The addition of wax to the toner also causes new disadvantages such as filming on the photosensitive member.
Full color image forming apparatuses of compact design have been studied in recent years, and require ever more compact developing devices. In full color image forming apparatuses, four developing devices are required to respectively accommodate cyan developer, yellow developer magenta developer, and black developer. Nonmagnetic monocomponent developing devices which do not require a mixing mechanism to mix the toner and carrier are particularly advantageous when reducing the size of the developing device, but in the case of nonmagnetic monocomponent developing devices there is a disadvantage of toner readily adhering to the developer carrying member and developer regulating member. This problem of undesirable toner adhesion is particularly pronounced in toners used for full color developing which employ binder resin having sharp melt characteristics during fixing which are necessary for light transmittancy.

Nonmagnetic toner for forming full color images


A system and method for monitoring and verifying inventory is provided. The system comprises a portable computer with a printer and modem all "cabled" together and maintained in a carrying case. The portable computer communicates with a mainframe computer on which certain dealer inventory information is maintained. Software, residing on a disk which is accessible by the portable computer, allows for the input of dealer codes which are used to identify inventory information which is downloaded from the mainframe computer to the portable computer. The inventory information is used to support an audit of a dealer's inventory. The system of the present invention provides an auditor with an up-to-date record a dealer's current inventory. The system also provides the auditor with a means for printing out a checklist for use in undertaking the inventory, for preparing reconciliation reports for verifying the auditor's findings with the dealer and input means for inputting the results of the inventory. Ultimately, a final inventory report can be printed which includes the present status of all inventory items and any and all charges collected.

The monitoring and verification of inventory is a necessity in a wide variety of industries. Virtually every manufacturer who stores his goods in a warehouse for any period of time, must monitor and verify the type and quantity of goods in inventory. This process is not limited to those who make their own products, for instance, where a softdrink company uses outside bottlers to manufacture its product, the softdrink company must periodically visit the bottler to establish raw material usage and actual finished product inventory. Still further, finance companies who rely on the goods in the possession of a dealer as collateral must frequently establish the location and condition of such goods.
The financing of retail inventory, known as "floorplanning", is primarily "pay-as-sold" financing. With this technique, items are first purchased by a finance company and then shipped to a dealer or distributor. When an item is sold, the dealer pays the finance company the purchase amount plus the applicable interest charges. The finance company retains title to the inventory as collateral until the "loan" is paid off. As such, the finance company, to protect its interests, must verify the status of the items maintained by the dealer on a regular basis. To ensure that all financed items are at the dealer's location and in saleable condition, representatives of the finance company visit these locations to inspect the inventory. This inspection process is known as an "audit" or "floorcheck."
With most current systems and methods, when a representative of the finance company (an auditor) arrives at a dealer location, he begins the audit by performing a physical inventory of all financed items (FIG. 1 is a flow chart depicting this prior art work flow). This usually involves a check of the serial numbers of the items, but, in certain situations, may be simply a check of the items' model numbers. The status of each item is recorded, with particular attention paid to those items that are not found in inventory and are not yet sold (e.g., returned to manufacturer, in for repair, etc.). The results of the physical inventory are reconciled with the dealer against his records. An invoice is prepared for insurance premiums, overdue charges, interest charges and all items which have been sold. Money is collected from the dealer for the amount owed. The auditor leaves the dealer a copy of each inventory inspection sheet with the handwritten notations of each item's status. Lastly, a copy of the auditor's paperwork is sent to the finance company with the inventory results and remittances. (If the auditor is performing the work on a charge basis, he must prepare a bill to assess the proper party for the expense of the audit.)
Typically, the inventory is performed from an Inspection Checklist which is produced by one of the finance company's computers and mailed to the auditor. In many cases, a week's worth of checklists are prepared at once and mailed together to the auditor. Because of workload, mail delays, charge based audits and other factors, a checklist may be as many as 7 to 10 days old at the beginning of the inventory. Since dealers are obligated to pay the finance company for an item as soon as it is sold and since new financed inventory items are continually added, the auditor must contact the finance company just prior to the audit to manually update the checklist to determine exactly which items should be examined during the inventory. This procedure generally requires from five to twenty five on a telephone at the dealer's place of business, usually at long distance rates.
Sometimes, after the checklist has been updated, the sequence of the items on the checklist is not appropriate to smooth conduct of an inventory. In such cases, the auditor will prepare a new handwritten checklist to facilitate the inventory procedure. This is a time consuming task.
As the inventory is taken, the auditor marks codes on the checklist to identify the status of the various items (e.g., =serial number checked, PD=Paid off, DEM=demo, etc.). searches for and attempts to determine the status of every item on the list. If the auditor does not find an item which is on the checklist, no status is indicated and the item must be reconciled with the dealer unless previously paid off.
When the physical inventory is complete, all items not found, which have not been paid off, are noted. These items require reconciliation with the dealer's records. In many audits the list of items is so large that the auditor must spend a significant amount of time reviewing the items on the checklist to ensure that all applicable items are reconciled with the dealer.
Frequently, the reconciliation process requires more time than the physical inventory. Because of the intense concentration involved, the size of the inventory and the number of handwritten comments and codes, items that have already been sold may be missed by the auditor. In such situations, no collection is made for these items and the finance company is subject to financial loss.
After the reconciliation, the auditor prepares an invoice indicating the amount to be paid by the dealer. Data items (e.g., serial numbers, item numbers, model numbers and amount due) are copied from the checklist to an invoice. The amount owed by the dealer is totalled from: (1) the items which have been sold but not yet paid off; (2) outstanding charges; (3) interest payments; and (4) insurance premiums. The auditor receives payment from the dealer to resolve the total amount owed.
For audits which are on a charge basis, the auditor must record his time as well as other inventory information on a form. The form is sent to the finance company's authorizing office, the cost of the audit is calculated and a bill is sent out. This task is particularly onerous if the audit involves several clients. A motorcycle dealer, for instance, could sell products made by four different manufacturers and managed (financed) by four different clients (finance companies). In such a case, the cost to each client is calculated based on a percentage of the number of items managed by the client as compared to the total number of items in the inventory. All data from the audit is then sent to the authorizing office.
Since a significant number of auditors do not work near a finance company office, the paperwork is either mailed or delivered overnight by courier. When the paperwork is received, the auditor's Inspection Checklist is analyzed, and the information entered into an office computer (this could be the finance company's mainframe computer, but could also be any other computer which uploads information to the mainframe). Since the data is entered from the comments and handwritten codes provided on the auditor's checklist, numerous errors tend to occur. Often, significant sums received from dealers are placed in suspense, that is, not applied to any account, because the checklist and invoice are either unreadable or incorrect. This results in financial loss to the finance company and damage to customer goodwill.
When a company employs hundreds of auditors who perform over 1,000 audits daily, the auditing process represents a significant cost of doing business. As such, every extra step or cost incurred by an individual auditor is multiplied so that inefficiency becomes extremely expensive.
As described above, a number of problems are inherent in the present (prior art) audit system: (1) inventory checklists are frequently out of date at the time of the audit; (2) the auditor and a finance company representative have to update the checklist on the phone involving a large expenditure of time and (usually) long distance charges; (3) auditors spend a lot of time manually preparing inventory worksheets, invoices, and other documentation; (4) reconciliation based on handwritten notations on checklists requires too much time; (5) the handwriting of auditors is frequently unreadable, leading to inaccurate computer input and loss of financial remuneration; (6) involvement of the finance company offices in the audit process is intensive and time consuming; and (7) mail and overnight shipping charges constitute a large expense.

Computerized inventory monitoring and verification system and method


In a picture reproducing apparatus, a scene changing point is detected with respect to contents, and then, a position where a temporal stopping operation is performed and a position where a reproducing operation is restarted are determined by using information of the detected changing point. In detecting the scene changing point, a plurality of threshold values are set to set a changing point level at the scene changing point. When the user instructs temporal stopping of reproduction of contents, the temporal stopping position is displayed to the user using the scene changing point level to allow the user to determine a temporal stopping position in a desirable level. When the user instructs restarting of the reproducing operation of the contents temporarily stopped, a reproduction restarting position is displayed by similarly using a scene changing point level to allow the user to determine a reproduction restarting position in a desirable level.

The present invention generally relates to a picture processing technique capable of reproducing, stopping, and the like a moving picture. More specifically, the present invention is directed to such a picture recording/reproducing technique capable of stopping and reproducing moving pictures by employing scene changing points of these moving pictures.
While a user views a picture content such as a television program, when the user leaves halfway through the picture content for a moment, the user temporarily stops the reproducing operation of this picture content at such a timing which is judged by the user himself. Thereafter, when the reproducing operation is restarted, the user restarts the reproducing operation from the position where the user temporarily stopped the previous reproducing operation. In connection thereto, in such a case that the user temporarily has stopped a reproducing operation while a player of a content such as a movie and a drama is speaking her part, the user must manually return the content to a preceding scene as to the stopped scene and must restart to reproduce the content from this preceding scene in order to understand the contents of the player's part. Accordingly, the user must perform such a cumbersome operation.
To solve the above-explained problem, JP-A-2001-309294 discloses such a technical idea that a reproducing operation is returned to a head portion of the relevant scene by using a subtitle of a player's part so as to be restarted.
In the example disclosed in JP-A-2001-309294, when a user leaves halfway through a picture content, if the user instructs a temporal stopping operation, then a reproducing operation is temporarily stopped. Also, in such a case that the user restarts a reproducing operation, if the user instructs the reproducing operation, then a reproduction restarting position determining means determines a restarting position by checking as to whether or not a sub-picture signal containing a subtitle and the like. In the case that the subtitle is contained in the sub-picture signal when the reproducing operation is temporarily stopped, since a player speaks her parts, the reproduction restarting position determining means determines a reproduction restarting position at a head position of such a scene where the subtitle is present. On the other hand, in the case that the subtitle is not contained in the sub-picture signal when the reproducing operation is temporarily stopped, the reproduction restarting position determining means determines a reproduction restarting position at a position where the reproducing operation has been temporarily stopped. Alternatively, in such a case that a timer counts up a time duration during which a reproducing operation is temporarily stopped and then a first predetermined time has elapsed, the reproduction restarting position determining means determines a reproduction restarting position at a position where the reproducing operation is returned by a second predetermined time. As a consequence, in the case that the reproducing operation is temporarily stopped at the scene where the player's part of the subtitle is present, the reproducing operation can be restarted from the head position. Also, even in such a case that the subtitle is not present and the user leaves halfway through the picture content for a relatively long time, the user can readily understand the details of this picture content.
Furthermore, JP-A-9-107517 discloses a method capable of detecting a changing point of a moving picture. In this patent publication, such a reproduction stopping technique is described. That is, for instance, when a user pushes a stop button while a moving picture is reproduced, a judgment is made that a frame is designated by the user, and then, a changing portion (changing point) of cut scenes of the moving picture located in the vicinity of this designated frame is detected, so that the reproducing operation is stopped at this changing point.


A computing device, such as a mobile communication device, is provided that adjusts, based on user interaction with the device, sleep times for a display to enter a sleep mode restricting use of a graphical user interface. The device includes a display providing the graphical user interface and a processor. The processor is configured to cause the display to enter the sleep mode after a sleep time without receiving any user inputs, increase the sleep time responsive to a user input received within a predetermined period of time after entry of the sleep mode and decrease the sleep time responsive to another user input directing the display to enter the sleep mode before passage of the sleep time. The processor may execute similar processes to adjust a plurality of sleep times associated with different applications and different functions within an application.

Manufacturers, retailers, and users of computing devices commonly seek ways to conserve power from batteries and other energy sources in order to increase the utility and functionality of computing devices. Computing devices therefore frequently implement a sleep mode or screen timeout in which the device enters a power saving mode in the absence of user interaction with the device within a predetermined amount of time.

Adaptive screen timeouts based on user preferences, interaction patterns and active applications


A novel tilt-compensated interferometer geometry is described. The design uses tilt- and shear-compensation optics to simultaneously maintain high throughput and precise interferometric alignment, even in the presence of non-ideal scanning motions. The tilt-compensation mechanism consists of a novel beamsplitter/reflector assembly that produces two anti-parallel beams. A variety of enhancements to the basic design are described, providing a family of related interferometer designs. These interferometers have applications in spectrometry, spectral imaging and metrology.

It is an object of the present inventions to provide new interferometers, which are better than prior art in respect to stability, scan speed and cost of manufacture. It is an object of the present inventions to provide signal-processing techniques for interferometry, particularly very rapid scan interferometry. It is an object of the present inventions to improve the state-of-the-art in photometric accuracy of interferometric measurements.


Provided herein is an oral soap composition comprising an orally-acceptable soap base effective to clean teeth that includes one or more natural oils, a saponifying agent and distilled water. The oral soap composition may be liquid or solid. Also provided are oral soap compositions comprising an essential oil for flavoring.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of dental hygiene and dental hygiene products. More specifically, the present invention relates to oral compositions comprising saponified natural oils and essential oils effective to clean teeth.
2. Description of the Related Art
Traditionally, commercial toothpastes, tooth gels and other dentifrices contain ingredients which may be harmful to an individual ingesting or otherwise improperly using them. Although specific toothpaste formulas are proprietary, the majority of them all contain one or more of certain ingredients, such as fluoride, dyes, silicates or other abrasives, sweetners, or stabilizers. There is a growing concern among the populace about the long term effects of these additives on the cost vs. benefits to oral hygiene and to the overall health of an individual. Increasingly there is a trend toward the use of natural or "green" products instead of synthetic toothpastes, tooth gels and other products associated with dental hygiene.
Thus, a recognized need is present in the art for effective oral compositions utilizing natural ingredients without synthetic additives to clean teeth. Specifically, the prior art is deficient in soaps comprising saponified oils and natural oils as cleaning agents for teeth. The present invention fulfils this longstanding need in the art.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Oral soap composition for cleaning teeth


An optical information processing apparatus is provided. The optical information processing apparatus includes: an optical system which irradiates a reference beam on an optical information recording medium having a plurality of recording regions adjacent to each other so that the reference beam is wider than each of the recording regions; a filter which filters readout beams reproduced from the optical information recording medium to pass a selected readout beam reproduced from a selected recording region and separates neighborhood readout beams reproduced from neighborhood of the selected recording regions; a readout beam detector which detects the selected readout beam passing through the filter; a neighborhood readout beam detector which detects the neighborhood readout beams separated by the filter; and a controller which compares the neighborhood readout beams detected by the neighborhood readout beam detector to control a reproduction condition of the selected readout beam.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to an optical information processing apparatus, an optical information servo controlling method, an optical information recording method, and an optical information reproducing method, and more particularly, to an optical information processing apparatus, an optical information servo controlling method, an optical information recording method, and an optical information reproducing method capable of recording and reproducing optical information at multiplexed angles by using different offset angles corresponding to different tracks, recording and reproducing the optical information by changing an incidence angle of a reference beam beyond a limit angle range into an incidence angle within the limit angle range, and performing servo control by using optical information of neighborhood readout beams reproduced from neighborhood tracks.
2. Related Art
As an example of an optical data processing apparatus, there are DVDs (Digital Versatile Disc), HD-DVDs, BDs (Blue Ray Disc), near field optical processing apparatuses, and holographic optical information processing apparatuses.
The holographic optical information processing apparatus irradiates a reference beam on a recording medium to form interference fringe by intersection of the reference beam and an optically modulated signal beam, so that optical information (or data) is recorded on the recording medium. In order to reproduce the data recorded on the recording medium, only the reference beam is irradiated to the interference fringe on recording medium. A readout beam generated by diffraction of the interference fringe is detected and output, so that the data recorded on the recording medium can be reproduced.
In such a holographic optical information processing apparatus, the reference beam may be irradiated on one beam spot at different angles in a multiplexed manner in order to increase data recording capacity. The multiplexed input data can be output by irradiating only the reference beam at different angles at the time of data reproduction. In other words, the holographic optical information processing apparatus is an large capacity data storage apparatus capable of inputting and outputting multiplexed and overlapped data in one beam spot.
In such a holographic optical information processing apparatus, an optical multiplexing method is used to increase data recording density. As examples of the optical multiplexing method, there are an angular multiplexing method, a phase-code multiplexing method, a wavelength multiplexing method, a shift multiplexing method, and the like. In the angular multiplexing method, the multiplexing is performed by changing an incidence angle of the reference beam. In the phase-code multiplexing method, the multiplexing is performed by spatially modulating phases. In the wavelength multiplexing method, the multiplexing is performed according to a change in wavelength by using a wavelength variable laser. In the shift multiplexing method, the multiplexing is performed by shifting the recording medium.
At the time of reproduction of the multiplexed, recorded optical information, the optical information may be reproduced from neighborhood recording regions as well as the selected recording region. In this case, the optical information reproduced from the non-selected recording regions becomes noise, so that the reproduction efficiency of the optical information reproduced from the selected recording region may deteriorate. In order to solve the problem, techniques for blocking the readout beams reproduced from the non-selected recording regions have been proposed. As an example, one of the techniques is disclosed in International Patent Publication No. WO 2004/102541, titled "High Data Density Volumetric Holographic Data Storage Method And System" by Thomson Licensing Inc. In the Patent Document, the readout beams reproduced from the non-selected recording regions are blocked by using a filter.
On the other hand, servo control is needed in order to accurately reproduce the recorded holographic optical information. A technique therefor is disclosed in US Patent Application Publication No. 2005-0030876, titled "Optical Information Recording Apparatus And Optical Information Reproducing Apparatus" filed by Optware Corporation in Japan. In the Patent Document, a separate laser source for servo control is used.
In the technique disclosed in the Patent Document, since the separate laser source for servo control is used, constructions of optical systems and apparatuses for servo control become complicated. In addition, since the laser source for servo control uses a wavelength different from that of the optical information processing apparatus, constructions of the optical information recording medium or the optical information processing apparatus become more complicated.

Optical information processing apparatus, optical information recording method, optical information reproducing method and optical information servo controlling method