The invention relates to an intelligent lighting device with multiple luminaires, which are at least partially coupled to each other with a wireless communication device. For this purpose, the luminaires preferably have communication modules with transmitter/receiver devices, via which the luminaires can communicate with each other. It is thereby provided that in accordance with the current operating mode of one of the luminaires at least one of the other luminaires can adopt a different predefined operating mode. Said luminaire can, for example upon the switching on of a luminaire or when one of the luminaires detects a person by means of a sensor device in the area of the luminaire, go into a working level with a predefined light intensity and the other luminaires located in the vicinity of said one luminaire go into a background illumination, i.e. in an illumination with a lower illumination level (background level).

1. Field of the Invention
Intelligent lighting devices are known. Thus, for example DE 10 2006 057 755 A1 describes a controllable lighting system, which is time-dependently controlled depending on daylight or in accordance with a movement of persons or animals located in the area of the lighting system. In addition, a control of the lighting system is described, in which, depending on the position of the person, individual luminaires or luminaire groups are dimmed back or switched off if no user is in the room. Using a status message about presence or using the lack of a status message about the presence of persons or animals, corresponding control commands for the entire lighting system are generated. DE 10 2006 057 755 A1 does not disclose how this is supposed to occur in detail.
EP 20 48 916 B1 describes a different intelligent luminaire system. There, a plurality of luminaires is connected to operating and/or sensor elements via a wire-connected luminaire network. It is essential for this luminaire network that each of the luminaires is equipped with a single or multicore information signal line, which is integrated into the electrical supply bar and is therefore a component of the common power supply device. By this means it is possible that each of the luminaires can transmit information to the remaining luminaires. By this means, each luminaire can, when a control and/or sensor element directly assigned thereto triggers a control signal, convert said control signal not only for itself to control the illuminant, but can also communicate said control signal to the other luminaires of the network via the wire-connected information transmission channel. The information signal line is designed in particular as a one-wire or multi-wire bus.
What is needed is a luminaire system that avoids individual light islands during use of workstation-oriented illumination (i.e. individually switched on luminaires), while also offering simple installation and high variability.
2. Background of the Invention
The current state of knowledge is as follows.
The invention relates to an intelligent lighting device with multiple luminaires, in particular free-standing luminaires or desk-mounted luminaires, which are coupled at least partially with each other via a communication device.
A problem for wire-connected, intelligent lighting devices of this type is the fact that a relatively high installation cost is necessary, which becomes greater the more luminaires are supposed to be integrated into the entire lighting system. In addition, a change of the lighting system, i.e. a conversion of the individual luminaires, in e.g. open-plan offices, is difficult. In addition, a particular wire-connected communication channel must be provided in order to enable an intelligent lighting system of this type at all.
The aim of the present invention consists in specifying an intelligent lighting device, which is easy to install and distinguishes itself by a high flexibility. Further, the intelligent lighting device should create a more pleasant work atmosphere in that so-called light islands, in which only individual luminaires radiate light in open-plan offices, are avoided. The intelligent lighting device so identified should be distinguished by a high level of operating comfort during installation as well as in operation.

Intelligent lighting device with multiple luminaires, in particular free-standing luminaires or desk-mounted luminaires and a method for operating a lighting device of this type


A method is for manufacturing cellulose microfibers in which a problem of yellowing of cellulose microfibers to be obtained was solved, and cellulose microfibers.

In recent years, as natural fibers, in addition to cellulose fibers with a fiber diameter of about 20 to 30 μm, there are cellulose microfibers (cellulose nanofibers (CNF)) with a fiber diameter of 1 μm or less. The cellulose microfibers are generally obtained by fibrillating cellulose fibers. At present, various proposals have been made for effectively performing fibrillation of cellulose fibers.
For example, Patent Literature 1 proposes a method of "preparing a polybasic acid half esterified cellulose, prior to fibrillation (microfibrillation), by half-esterifying cellulose with a polybasic acid anhydride to introduce a carboxyl group into a part of hydroxyl groups of cellulose". However, even with the same proposal, it is considered that the cellulose fibers cannot be sufficiently microfabricated by subsequent fibrillation.
Thus, Patent Literature 2 proposes a method of "processing fiber raw materials containing cellulose with at least one compound selected from phosphorus oxoacids or salts thereof while heating to 100 to 170° C.". The proposal assumes that, according to the method, "microfibrous cellulose with a fiber width of 1 to 1000 nm, in which a part of hydroxy groups of cellulose constituting the fiber is substituted with a predetermined functional group to introduce a phosphorus oxoacid group" is obtained. However, according to the findings of the present inventors, the microfibrous cellulose (cellulose microfibers) according to the proposal is yellowish (yellowed). Further, a dispersion of microfibrous cellulose according to the proposal has room for improvement also in terms of transparency and viscosity. Furthermore, the literature states that fiber raw materials containing cellulose (cellulose fiber) are treated with an oxoacid (phosphorus oxoacid) in which a hydroxy group and an oxo group are bonded to a phosphorus atom. However, the literature exemplifies only a compound having a phosphate group as a phosphorus oxoacid or the like, and there is no specific example of other compound. Further, the proposal only raises problems of cost, degree of microfabrication, manufacturing efficiency, stability of dispersion, and environmental load, and does not raise a problem that the obtained microfibrous cellulose is yellowed. Therefore, in consideration of the existence of innumerable phosphorus oxoacids, even a clue to a solution for the problem of yellowing of cellulose microfibers to be obtained is not found from the literature.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Cellulose microfibers and method for manufacturing the same

Abstract: As to a method for manufacturing cellulose microfibers, cellulose fibers are added with an additive (A) consisting of at least one of a phosphorous acid and a metal phosphite and an additive (B) consisting of at least one of urea and a urea derivative, heated and washed, then fibrillated. Also, as to cellulose microfibers, the fiber width is 1 to 1000 nm, and a part of hydroxy groups of cellulose fibers is substituted with a functional group represented by a predetermined structural formula to introduce an ester of phosphorous acid.


A method for the autonomic management of autonomic systems can include monitoring a managed system and recommending a course of action to be performed in the managed system. It can be determined whether the recommended course of action has been performed by an administrator. Responsive to the determination, it further can be determined whether an outcome from the course of action comports with a predicted outcome. If so, a point count can be changed responsive to a further determination that the outcome from the course of action comports with the predicted outcome. Conversely, the point count can be oppositely changed responsive to a further determination that the outcome from the course of action does not comports with the predicted outcome. In any case, when the point count crosses a threshold value, the management of the managed system can be transitioned to an adaptive component.

1. Statement of the Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of systems administration and more particularly to the administration of an autonomic system.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the famed manifesto Paul Horn, Autonomic Computing: IBM's Perspective on the State of Information Technology, (IBM Corporation 2001)(hereinafter, the "Manifesto"), Paul Horn, Senior Vice President of IBM Research, observed, "It's not about keeping pace with Moore's Law, but rather dealing with the consequences of its decades-long reign." Given this observation, Horn suggested a computing parallel to the autonomic nervous system of the biological sciences. Namely, whereas the autonomic nervous system of a human being monitors, regulates, repairs and responds to changing conditions without any conscious effort on the part of the human being, in an autonomic computing system, the system must self-regulate, self-repair and respond to changing conditions, without requiring any conscious effort on the part of the computing system operator.
Thus, while the autonomic nervous system can relieve the human being from the burden of coping with complexity, so too can an autonomic computing system. Rather, the computing system itself can bear the responsibility of coping with its own complexity. The crux of the Manifesto relates to eight principal characteristics of an autonomic computing system:                I. The system must "know itself" and include those system components which also possess a system identify.        II. The system must be able to configure and reconfigure itself under varying and unpredictable conditions.        III. The system must never settle for the status quo and the system must always look for ways to optimize its workings.        IV. The system must be self-healing and capable of recovering from routine and extraordinary events that might cause some of its parts to malfunction.        V. The system must be an expert in self-protection.        VI. The system must know its environment and the context surrounding its activity, and act accordingly.        VII. The system must adhere to open standards.        VIII. The system must anticipate the optimized resources needed while keeping its complexity hidden from the user.
Importantly, in accordance with the eight tenants of autonomic computing, several single system and peer-to-peer systems have been proposed in which self-configuration, management and healing have provided a foundation for autonomic operation. Self-managing systems which comport with the principles of autonomic computing reduce the cost of owning and operating computing systems. Yet, implementing a purely autonomic system has proven revolutionary. Rather, as best expressed in the IBM Corporation white paper, Autonomic Computing Concepts (IBM Corporation 2001)(hereinafter, the "IBM White Paper"), "Delivering system wide autonomic environments is an evolutionary process enabled by technology, but it is ultimately implemented by each enterprise through the adoption of these technologies and supporting processes."
In the IBM White Paper, five levels have been logically identified for the path to autonomic computing. These five levels range from the most basic, manual process to the most purely autonomic. In further illustration, FIG. 1 is a block illustration of the five levels of the path to autonomic computing. The Basic Level 110 represents a starting point of information technology environments. Each infrastructure element can be managed independently by an administrator who can establish, configure, monitor and ultimately replace the element. At the Managed Level 120, systems management technologies can be used to collect information from disparate systems onto fewer consoles, reducing the time consumed for the administrator to collect and synthesize information as the environment becomes more complex.
Notably, the Predictive Level 130 incorporates new technologies to provide a correlation among several infrastructure elements. These infrastructure elements can begin to recognize patterns, predict the optimal configuration of the system, and provide advice as to the nature of the course of action which the administrator ought to take. By comparison, at the Adaptive Level 140 the system itself can automatically perform appropriate actions responsive to the information collected by the system and the knowledge of the state of the system. Finally, at the Autonomic Level 150 the entire information technology infrastructure operation is governed by business policies and objectives. Users interact with the autonomic technology only to monitor the business processes, alter the objects, or both.
Between each of the levels 110, 120, 130, 140, 150 of computing management, thresholds 105, 115, 125, 135 exist. The transition from the Basic Level 110 through to the Autonomic Level 150 necessarily crosses each threshold 105, 115, 125, 135 as the management principles vary from manual characteristics 170 through to autonomic characteristics 180. Yet, the mechanism for automatically transitioning from one level to the next has not been defined. In fact, often the level corresponding to a management configuration often is fixed from the start and cannot be varied without substantial human intervention and reconfiguration. Certainly, the determination of when to transition from the Predictive Level 130 to the Adaptive Level 140 has not been defined. Nevertheless, it will be apparent to the skilled artisan that the primary difference between the Predictive Level 130 and the Adaptive Level is one of trust in the system's ability to manage its responsible elements without human intervention.

Autonomic management of autonomic systems

International Business Machines Corporation


The detection of insertions and/or deletions in reiterated nucleotide sequences in tissues provides an identification of neoplastic changes that are associated with malignancy. The mutations are preferably detected by PCR based amplification of target sequences using selected primers, followed by standard analytic procedures. The detection of these mutations is useful as a diagnostic tool for cancer development and has direct application for cancer prognosis.

The somatic mutational theory of cancer (Knudson, 1971; 1985) has gained overwhelming support from the finding that mutations activate the malignant potential of oncogenes and inactivate the repressor function of tumor suppressor genes (Bishop, 1991). However, the etiology of these mutations remains poorly understood. There is no agreement on the estimation of the relative contribution by genotoxic agents and of spontaneous errors during DNA replication and repair to the genesis of these mutations in cancer. The importance of DNA replication and repair in malignant transformation is demonstrated by the association of various biochemical defects in these processes with hereditary diseases that predispose to cancer. The genes encoding protein factors involved in the DNA synthesis and repair pathways are beginning to be isolated and characterized. A causal link between defective factors involved in DNA metabolism and the origin of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes is not yet in sight. The concept that spontaneous errors in the replication process may be fundamental in transformation was put forward in an attempt to explain the increased chromosomal alterations of cancer cells at late stages of tumor progression (Loeb et al., 1974). A defect in an enzyme involved in DNA replication could generate an enhanced rate of errors in the tumor cell variants continuously selected as tumor progression takes place (Foulds, 1954; Nowell, 1976). This defect could be therefore causative of the apparent genetic instability of malignant cells (Schimke et al., 1986). However, a critical prediction of this hypothesis, an increased mutation rate in tumor cells, has not been conclusively demonstrated despite intensive efforts (Harris, 1991; Loeb, 1991).
Hereditary diseases that predispose to cancer have also been associated with various biochemical defects in the processes of DNA replication and repair (Lindahl et al., 1991), implying that mutations in the genes encoding the protein factors involved in the DNA synthesis and error repair pathways could lead to malignant transformation. Again, however, no causal link between defective factors in DNA metabolism and the emergence of mutations in oncogenes has been established.
Colorectal cancer is one of the best characterized examples of the multistage nature of neoplastic development. A dominant oncogene, c-K-ras (Bos et al., 1987; Forrester et al., 1987) and at least three distinct tumor suppressor genes: p53 (Baker et al., 1989), DCC (Fearon et al., 1990), and MCC/APC (Kinzler et al., 1991a; 1991b; Groden et al., 1991) are consistently involved in colorectal tumorigenesis (Fearon and Vogelstein, 1990). In addition to the genetic alterations in these critical genes, other apparently random alterations in genome structure are observed in tumors of the colon and rectum, which exhibit remarkably heterogenous distribution in the extent of this genetic damage at the chromosomal level (Vogelstein et al., 1988; 1989).
Mutations corresponding to genetic alterations in tumor cells can comprise loss of heterozygosity (LOH) resulting from the loss of chromosomal sequences accompanying the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, as well as increases in chromosomal sequences expressed in the aneuploidy of the cancer cell observed cytogenetically. In colorectal cancer, about 20% of the genomic sequences undergo losses of heterozygosity.
The search for genetic alterations that can be used for the detection of mutations associated with neoplastic change, either as deleted or amplified sequences, is complicated by the analytical requirements for analyzing closely related genetic sequences, the polymorphism among individuals, and the small amount of genetic material available for analysis.
DNA fingerprinting, based on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of labeled DNA restriction fragments, is a powerful technique for the comparative analysis of closely related genomes. It has been applied to the detection of polymorphisms during malignant transformation (Thein et al., 1987; de Jong et al., 1988), and to studies of the clonality of tumors, both primary and metastatic (Smit et al., 1988; Fey et al., 1988). DNA fingerprinting has been enhanced by its use in combination with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Saiki et al., 1985; Mullis et al., 1987), which allows the reproducible amplification of primer-defined DNA sequences. A PCR-based DNA fingerprinting technique, called arbitrarily primed PCR, or AP-PCR (Welsh et al., 1990), utilizes amplification with a single arbitrary primer. The first cycles of amplification are performed at a low annealing temperature, which is raised in subsequent cycles to increase stringency. In the initial stages, the primer hybridizes to many sequences in the total genomic DNA. When the temperature is increased, only the best matches of the initial annealing events are amplified further, generating a number of discrete bands that provide a fingerprint of the cell genome. This approach has been used for mapping DNA polymorphisms in various prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems (Welsh et al., 1990; 1991). In a recent study, AP-PCR detected tumor-specific somatic genetic alterations by comparison of the fingerprints from normal and tumor tissue of the same individual. Cloning and analysis of the altered DNA bands from tumors of the colon and rectum (Peinado et al., 1992) determined that somatic deletions of a few nucleotides had occurred in a subset of colon tumors.
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide methods based on DNA fingerprinting and auxiliary amplification techniques, such as PCR, that can be used to identify genetic alterations that are predictive or diagnostic of neoplastic change in cells.
It is another object of the invention to provide a method for the diagnostic identification of a particular class of tumors based on the presence of these mutations.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a method for the molecular diagnosis of tumors that have predictive value of malignant transformation.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a simple diagnostic method for the molecular diagnosis of tumors that have predictive value for cancer prognosis.

Identification of neoplasms by detection of genetic insertions and deletions


An auxiliary system includes a plurality of devices that are driven by ac motors. A plurality of independently controllable isolators couple phase windings of the ac motors directly to phase windings of the electric generator. When an isolator connects the phase windings of its corresponding ac motor to the windings of the electric generator, the ac motor is operated directly on a high frequency unconverted output of the electric generator. Motor speed is determined by the number of poles on the ac motor relative to the number of poles of the electric generator. Pole-switching allows the speed of the motor to be varied.

The invention relates to electrical machines. More specifically, the invention relates to an auxiliary system including a plurality of ac motors that are powered by an electric generator.
Gas turbine engines provide propulsion for aircraft and certain ground-based vehicles. In addition to providing the propulsion, the gas turbine engines also drive hydraulic pumps, fuel pumps and other auxiliary devices on the aircraft and ground-based vehicles. Typically, gearboxes transmit shaft power of the gas turbines to the auxiliary devices.
Gearboxes are heavy and noisy. They also require lubrication and all of the maintenance demands of a lubrication system. Additionally, gearboxes can be unreliable.
These problems are compounded for gas turbine engines that drive multiple auxiliary devices. Additional gears are needed for driving the additional devices, thus adding additional weight, noise and unreliability. There are additional problems as well. If some of the auxiliary devices need to be switched in and out, mechanical clutches are added to the system. Moreover, adding auxiliary devices to an existing system would be difficult since the gearbox design would have to be modified.
Additional problems can arise because the auxiliary devices cannot be located remotely from the gearbox. When a pump is located at the gearbox and its hydraulic load is located remotely from the gearbox, a hydraulic line is extended from the pump to the hydraulic load. The hydraulic line has the potential for leakage, which presents a fire risk among other things.

Auxiliary system including a plurality of ac motors powered directly by an electric generator


An ultrasonic diagnosis system and strain distribution display method utilizing an ultrasonic probe for performing transmission/reception of ultrasonic signals to/from a subject, a storage arrangement for storing the properties of signals detected with the ultrasonic probe, a correlation computer for calculating a correlation coefficient between the properties with and without pressure applied to the subject, and a phase difference between the received signals with and without application of pressure, based upon the properties stored in the storage arrangement with and without pressure applied to the subject, a computer for calculating a displacement of each measurement point, and a strain distribution of tissue of the subject due to application of pressure, based upon the correlation coefficient and phase difference calculated by the correlation computer, and a display for displaying the strain distribution.

Ultrasonic diagnosis is applied not only to observation of the tissue structure but also to the field (ultrasonic tissue characterization) where physical quantities within the tissue such as the sound speed, the damping coefficient, and so forth, are measured and furthermore, diagnosis images are created based upon the physical quantities thus measured. As a part of the field, the field is known wherein the rigidity of the tissue, i.e., the elastic property is measured. The aforementioned field is being intensely studied since the elastic property of the tissue has close relation to the pathological situation. For example, it is known that the tissue affected by: sclerosing tumors such as mammary cancer, thyroid cancer, and so forth; liver cirrhosis; arterial sclerosis; and so forth, exhibits greater rigidity than the normal tissue. Conventionally, the rigidity of the tissue is detected by touch. However, detection by touch has the disadvantage of difficulty in objective analysis, requires skill of the surgeon, and has the limitations that only the affected tissue having a certain size or more and positioned near the body surface can be detected.
On the other hand, a method is known wherein static pressure is applied to the body surface so as to compress and deform the tissue, and the strain within the tissue corresponding to the applied pressure is measured using ultrasonic wave in order to estimate the elastic property of the tissue (J. Ophir, I. Cespedes, H. Ponnekanati, Y. Yazdi, and X. Li, "Elastography: A quantitative method for imaging the elasticity of biological tissue", Ultrasonic Imaging, Vol. 13, pp. 111-134, 1991). The conventional technique has been developed based upon the fact that the tissue having great rigidity exhibits small strain thereof under pressure, and on the other hand, the tissue having small rigidity exhibits great strain thereof under pressure. That is to say, with the aforementioned conventional method, static pressure is applied to the tissue, and the elastic property of the tissue is estimated based upon the strain distribution within the tissue under pressure thus applied.
Specifically, normal measurement of ultrasonic echo signals (RF signals without application of pressure) is made using an ultrasonic diagnosis apparatus with an ultrasonic probe without pressure applied to the tissue through the ultrasonic probe. Subsequently, the surgeon applies pressure to the tissue through the ultrasonic probe to a slight degree (around several percent), following which the ultrasonic echo signals (RF signals under pressure) passing through the tissue to which pressure is applied are measured. Then, the displacement distribution which represents displacement of each point of the tissue due to the pressure thus applied is estimated based upon the RF signals with and without application of pressure of the tissue using the spatial correlation method.
The spatial correlation method has a mechanism wherein the displacement distribution within the tissue under the applied pressure is estimated based upon the RF signals (or envelope signals of the RF signals) with and without application of pressure applied to the tissue by template matching using a two-dimensional correlation function. That is to say, a two-dimensional correlation window (template) having a certain size is applied to the RF signal data corresponding to the tomographic data without pressure applied to the tissue so as to estimate displacement of a desired measurement point on the two-dimensional surface by detecting the maximum correlation between the RF signal data to which the correlation window has been applied and the RF signal data under pressure applied to the tissue using the autocorrelation processing. The aforementioned autocorrelation processing is performed for each measurement point set in the shape of a grid, for example, whereby the strain distribution is estimated. In general, the processing using the spatial correlation method is performed with poorer precision of displacement detection in the horizontal direction (scanning direction of the ultrasonic beam) than in the axial direction due to rougher sampling in the horizontal direction than in the axial direction. As described above, the spatial correlation method has the advantage of enabling the user to estimate the two-dimensional displacement vector. Furthermore, while the aforementioned spatial correlation method has the disadvantage of precision of the estimated displacement being limited by the sampling pitch, the spatial correlation method has the advantage of enabling the user to estimate the displacement distribution even in a case wherein the tissue is greatly deformed (e.g., around 5%). However, the spatial correlation method has the disadvantage of being calculation-intensive for the spatial correlation processing, leading to difficulty in processing in real time, unlike the conventional ultrasonic diagnosis.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for obtaining the displacement distribution, strain distribution, and elastic modulus distribution, in real time.

Ultrasonic diagnosis system and strain distribution display method


Embodiments are directed towards modifying a quality of an image without affecting a bit rate associated with a video sequence of images. For each macro-block (MB) or sub-block within a MB for a target image to be encoded, various statistics are determined for a luminance component and chrominance components that provide at least average values for the chrominance components that may then be used to identify saturation thresholds. The saturation thresholds are used to determine a Qlevel. An average Qlevel from at least a previous frame is used to generate a Q modulation factor that may be combined with an activity based modulation factor and/or variance based modulation factor, or used singly. The final quantizer is calculated by bit-rate controller base quantizer multiplied by the Q modulation factor, and may be used to encode a MB or sub-block within a MB.

Video systems today often employ a variety of different techniques to reduce an amount of data for a video sequence that is to be stored and/or transferred over a network, or other communication's channel. Many such video systems may use a compression scheme to reduce a bit rate or an amount of data that may represent the video sequence during storage and/or transmission. Single images are also often compressed to reduce an amount of storage use and/or a load on a communication channel during transmission.
Many video compression techniques select to divide a frame (or single image in the video sequence) into smaller parts, sometimes called Macro-Blocks (MB). An encoder may then be employed to change a quantization strength at a given MB level, and decide how to divide bits between a frame's MBs. An amount of bits used to code a MB is typically an inverse ratio to a quantizer value. For example, for a same MB, using a higher quantizer value may result in fewer bits in a final bit-stream that represents the frame. However, an image quality may sometimes decrease with an increase in the quantizer value used to encode or otherwise compress the image. This may be a result of an inaccurate representation of the MB in the coded bit-stream, becoming increasingly more inaccurate with increasing quantizer values. Inaccurate representations of the image or images in a video sequence may result in non-constant quality over the entire image, as perceived by the human eye. This may be because the human eye is often more sensitive to certain frequencies, textures and colors than others, which may become distorted or lost during use of the quantizer. Thus, it is with respect to these considerations and others that the present invention has been made.

Quantization based on statistics and threshold of luminanceand chrominance


A method for cleaning a substrate includes setting a substrate inside a cleaning chamber, supplying on a surface of the substrate a treatment solution which includes a volatile component and forms a treatment film, vaporizing the volatile component of the treatment solution supplied on the surface of the substrate such that the treatment solution solidifies or is cured on the surface of the substrate and the treatment film is formed on the surface of the substrate, and supplying onto the treatment film formed on the surface of the substrate a removal solution which removes the treatment film.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a substrate cleaning apparatus, a substrate cleaning system, a substrate cleaning method and a memory medium.
Description of Background Art
As for a substrate cleaning apparatus to remove particles attached to substrates such as silicon wafers and compound semiconductor wafers, there is a type which removes particles by physical force generated when a flowing substance such as liquid or gas is supplied onto substrate surfaces (see Japanese Patent Publication No. H08-318181). There is another type in which a chemical solution such as SC1 is provided onto substrate surfaces so that particles are removed through chemical reactions (such as etching) of the supplied solution (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-258462). The entire contents of these publications are incorporated herein by reference.

Substrate cleaning apparatus, substrate cleaning system, substrate cleaning method and memory medium


Many websites publish variants of their web pages based on language and region. However, when a user is directed toward the incorrect web page for the user's language preference, it there is not a simple way for the user to select the appropriate localized or region specific version of the web page. According to an embodiment, a language preference from a user may be received. A first language for a first web page may be identified and the first web page may be received by a computing device of the user. A second language for a second web page may be identified. The second web page may comprise an alternate version of the first web page. The first web page or the second web page may be selected according to the language preference of the user and the selected web page may be presented to the user.

Many websites offer alternative versions of their web pages for users who speak a different language. Typically, when a user enters either a search query or a uniform resource locator (URL), the user is directed to the web page corresponding to a language determined by one or more language indicators. A variety of language indicators may be obtained without requiring any interaction from the user. For example, a user's internet protocol (IP) address may indicate a geolocation of a user and, generally, most users will have fluency in the primary language associated with the originating source of the IP address. Similarly, many users have indicated a language in which they would prefer to browse content when they installed web browsing software.
While routing of users to a particular language version of a web page is generally reliable, in some instances an error in routing users may occur. In other instances a user may conduct a search for a particular web site and inadvertently select a link for a web page that is not best suited for the user's language preference, if such a link is provided at all. When a user is directed toward the wrong version of a web page, it delays the user from accessing desired content and creates an uneven web browsing experience.

Alternative web pages suggestion based on language


An image processing apparatus includes a feature value calculating section that calculates a feature value from an image picked up of a living mucous membrane, an extraction section that extracts a structure corresponding to the feature value, and a region division section that divides the structure into partial regions according to a predetermined condition.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus and a method of operation of an image processing apparatus for performing image processing of a medical image picked up of a living mucous membrane.
2. Description of the Related Art
Techniques that, based on a result of calculation of feature values in a medical image obtained by image pickup of a body tissue, divide the medical image into regions to detect a region where a predetermined target object exists have conventionally been used.
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2006-141734 discloses a region division technique that, based on image signals resulting from pickup of an image of an object, extracts a living mucous membrane microstructure using binarization processing, performs labelling processing of the binarized image generated by setting pixel values of pixels corresponding to the living mucous membrane microstructure to 1 and pixels other than the pixels to 0, identifying components included in the living mucous membrane microstructure, and allocates regions to the respective components of the living mucous membrane microstructure based on structure information on the respective components.
Also, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2011-516200 discloses a technique that automatically traces one or more paths of one or more blood vessels in a retina image, automatically identifies blood vessel segments included in the traced blood vessels, and uses the blood vessel segments to calculate feature values of the blood vessels.
Also, in recent years, with the increase in resolution of endoscope (which may be capsule endoscope) systems, the popularization of magnifying endoscopes and the popularization of narrow-band light observation, observation of living mucous membrane microstructures such as microscopic blood vessel images and pit structures has been growing in importance.
Information on the forms and distribution of living mucous membrane microstructures in a body tissue is useful for discrimination between normal tissues and tumor tissues, and further for diagnosis of a lesion such as estimation of a penetration depth of a cancer. For these living mucous membrane microstructure findings, diagnostics based on various classifications for various organs and diseases is proposed and used. For example, large intestine pit pattern observation (see, for example, "Early-Stage Depressed Large Intestine Cancer", Eishin Kudo, Monthly Book Gastro, Kabushikigaisha Zen-nihon Byo-in Shuppan-kai, May 15, 1993, third volume, fifth issue, p.p. 47-54), MV Pattern, which is a microscopic blood vessel finding in a mucous membrane of a stomach, and MS Pattern, which is a mucous membrane surface microscopic structure (epithelial structure) finding (see, for example, "Zoom Gastroscopy" (2009), Kenshi Yao and Toshiyuki Matsui) and IPCL, which is a microscopic blood vessel finding in a mucous membrane in an esophagus (see, for example, "magnifying endoscopic diagnosis of esophageal diseases", Haruhiro Inoue and five others, Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Kabushiki Kaisha Tokyo Igakusha, Mar. 25, 2001, 13-th issue, third issue, p.p. 301-308) are known. Also, blood vessel findings in bronchi are drawing attention although there is no clear category for such blood vessel findings.
However, since such diagnoses are based mainly on the experience and knowledge of the respective doctors, as a technique for eliminating differences in experience and knowledge, for example, there is a demand for providing a differential diagnosis support technique for living mucous membrane microstructure findings using an image analysis technique. Such differential diagnosis support technique is being studied as one of computer-aided diagnoses (CAD).
For example, in a diagnosis using an MV pattern and an MS pattern of a stomach, shape uniformity, arrangement regularity and distribution symmetry in each pattern (figure) can be important findings. These findings can be identified not directly from an image one can see, but, for example, with some kind of interpretation added thereto, such as estimating and analyzing a three-dimensional histological structure of a living mucous membrane from a visible endoscopic image.
Through such process of adding some kind of interpretation, a finding that is a target of identification may vary in such a manner that the finding is sometimes an entire pattern and sometimes only a partial pattern in an image.
In analysis of a living mucous membrane microstructure in an endoscopic image, it is essential not to simply analyze a continuous pattern one can see, but analyze a pattern corresponding to a finding by adding some kind of interpretation to the pattern.

Image processing apparatus and method of operation of image processing appartus


A new and distinct cultivar of Kalanchoe plant named xe2x80x98Roxyxe2x80x99, characterized by its compact and upright plant habit; early and freely flowering habit; red purple-colored flowers; dark green leaves; and good postproduction longevity.

Kalanchoe blossfeldiana cultivar Roxy.
The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Kalanchoe plant, botanically known as Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, and hereinafter referred to by the name xe2x80x98Roxyxe2x80x99.
The new Kalanchoe is a product of a planned breeding program conducted by the Inventor in Odense, Denmark. The objective of the breeding program was to create new early-flowering Kalanchoe cultivars with bright and attractive flower colors and good postproduction longevity.
The new Kalanchoe orginated from a cross-pollination made by the Inventor in Odense, Denmark of two unidentified proprietary selections of Kalanchoe, not patented. The new Kalanchoe was discovered and selected by the Inventor within the progeny of the stated cross in a controlled environment in Odense, Denmark. The selection of this plant was based on its flower color.
Asexual reproduction of the new Kalanchoe by terminal cuttings taken at Odense, Denmark, by the Inventor, has shown that the unique features of this new Kalanchoe are stable and reproduced true to type in successive generations.
The cultivar Roxy has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions. The phenotype may vary somewhat with variations in environment such as temperature, daylength and light intensity, without, however, any variance in genotype.
The following traits have been repeatedly observed and are determined to be the unique characteristics of xe2x80x98Roxyxe2x80x99. These characteristics in combination distinguish xe2x80x98Roxyxe2x80x99 as a new and distinct cultivar:
1. Compact and upright plant habit.
2. Early and freely flowering habit.
3. Red purple-colored flowers.
4. Dark green leaves.
5. Good postproduction longevity.
Plants of the new Kalanchoe differ primarily from plants of the parent selections in flower color.
Plants of the new Kalanchoe can be compared to plants of the cultivar Light Jacqueline, disclosed in U.S. Plant Pat. No. 10,268. In side-by-side comparisons conducted in Odense, Denmark, plants of the new Kalanchoe differed from plants of the cultivar Light Jacqueline in the following characteristics:
1. Plants of the new Kalanchoe flowered about one to two weeks earlier than plants of the cultivar Light Jacqueline.
2. Plants of the new Kalanchoe were more freely flowering than plants of the cultivar Light Jacqueline.
3. Plants of the new Kalanchoe had slightly larger flowers than plants of the cultivar Light Jacqueline.
4. Flower color of plants of the new Kalanchoe was darker red purple than flower color of plants of the cultivar Light Jacqueline.


Disclosed is a Raman laser device (10) having a first cavity in which lasing occurs at a first frequency, and at least one second cavity in which lasing occurs at a second frequency. Thereby respective first and second waves inside the respective cavities are generated having a first power and a second power, respectively. Further, beams propagating outside the cavities are generated by coupling out a part of the first power and a part of the second power utilizing respective output mirrors. The part of the second power that is coupled out is attenuated without attenuating the complementary part of the second power remaining in the second cavity. The Raman laser device is characterized in that the part of the second power that is coupled out is attenuated utilizing at least one Fiber Bragg Grating (46, 62).

The invention is based on a priority application EP03290493.0 which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to a Raman laser device having a first cavity in which lasing occurs at a first frequency, and at least one second cavity in which lasing occurs at a second frequency, thereby generating respective first and second waves inside the respective cavities having a first power and a second power, respectively, generating beams propagating outside the cavities by coupling out a part of the first power and a part of the second power, and attenuating that part of the second power that has been coupled out without attenuating the complementary part of the second power remaining in the second cavity.
Such a Raman laser device is per se known. Raman laser devices with more than one output wavelength are a promising means for second order pumping applications in optical telecommunication systems.
It is generally known in the field of optical telecommunication that optical signals propagating in a transmission line fiber may be amplified by a co-propagating or counterpropagating pump light wave by means of the Raman effect. Due to the Raman effect, pump light of a short wavelength undergoes a scattering interaction with the material of the fiber. Emitted light is shifted down in frequency. If the shifted down frequency matches the signal frequency, the signal may be amplified by stimulated Raman emission, in which signal light triggers the emission of scattered light.
The energy transfer may occur directly between a pump wave and the signal wave. Such a transfer is generally designated as first order pumping. Further, the first pump wave, that is the pump wave transferring energy to the signal, may itself be pumped by a second pump wave.
Such a pumping process including a second pump wave is called second order pumping.
In second order pumping applications, it is desirable to have a powerful second order pump wave pumping the fiber, which, along the fiber, transfers its power to the first order pump wave of longer wavelength. However, such an energy transfer premises that there is already a little power existing in the first order pump waves. Such a first order pump wave of little power is also called a seed. To generate such a seed, it is generally known to use laser diode sources in the 14xx nm range for launching the seeds in the fiber and to use a Raman laser emitting at a single powerful wavelength at about 1360 nm for pumping the seeds. However, to use laser diodes for launching the seeds requires multiplexing schemes that add cost to the device.
The power launched in the seeds should, on the one hand, be small in order to push forward the gain into the line fiber and consequently to improve the noise performance of the transmission. Further, the power in the seeds has to be above the lasing threshold in order to maintain a stable seed. Accordingly, it is desired to have a Raman laser device emitting at a powerful wavelength and at (at least) one seed wavelength simultaneously, the power emitted in the seed being stable and close to the lasing threshold.
The per se known Raman laser device mentioned at the outset emits simultaneously in the 1360 nm wavelength region and 14xx nm range. In order to have a stable power in the seeds in the 14xx nm range, the known laser works well above the lasing threshold (in the respective laser cavity/resonator) and the power of the seed wave that is coupled out of the laser is attenuated using a Long Period Grating (LPG). Such a Raman laser device is disclosed in the article "Dual-order Raman pump providing improved noise figure and large gain bandwidth", Proceedings OFC 2002 (Anaheim, Calif.) Postdeadline paper FB3by J C Bouteiller et al.
However, a Long Period Grating is sensitive to temperature. Further, in order to have a spectral width that is small enough to select different output wavelengths in the 14xx nm range, a Long Period Grating requires about 50 mm of length, which is not compatible with current demands for compactness in the respective field of Raman laser devices. In addition, due to a distinct sensitivity to its external environment, a Long period Grating needs a specific packaging.

Multiple output Raman fiber laser with stable and small output power for seed applications


A process controller controls the information display of a display device and performs a transaction procedure based on the information input from the input device via the input controller. The process controller has a group display unit. The group display unit previously groups display information to the screen of the display device based on an input made by a user via the input device and the internal state of the process controller for each associative information, and displays the display information on the screen of the display device group by group in a systematically organized form. The state of a transfer procedures is displayed by three general groups affixed with, for example, tabs, and an input format in the style of the image of a slip. This allows the user to easily grasp the operation state during operation and also presents a friendlier input style to the user.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an automated transaction apparatus called an ATM (Automatic Teller Machine), a CD (Cash Dispenser), an automatic remitter or a bond issuing machine, and more particularly, to an improvement on the operability of transactions in an automated transaction apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, an automated transaction apparatus like an ATM for financial institutions, such as banks, which can ensure transactions without requiring a bank employee like a teller, has been developed and used. This automated transaction apparatus allows a customer or a user to perform an operation, such as the inputting of information, in an interactive manner while viewing what is shown on the display screen of the apparatus, thereby accomplishing the desired transaction.
As one way to interact with a user, the conventional automated transaction apparatus displays, for example, guidance messages on the screen of its display device one after another to request the user to input or select information, or request the user of another operation. In accordance with the guidance or the like on the display screen, the user performs an operation, like inputting information, to make an transaction.
The operation procedure for a transaction requires the inputting of various pieces of information.
According to the conventional transaction screen, a maximum of several items can be input but it is difficult to display all the items necessary for different transactions on one screen and permit a user to select a desired item from them. For the user to complete a transaction procedure such as a transfer procedure, different pieces of information should be input step by step while switching many screens from one to another.
This input system does not allow users to know the time-sequential states of the operation procedures to reach the last screen for the confirmation of the entered information. Therefore, the users cannot grasp, midway of the transaction procedure, when the input procedure will end or where in the entire procedure the current process is located, and cannot know the end of the operation until the very end at which the last screen for the confirmation of the entered information actually appears. This was one factor to irritate and worry the users about the currently performing operation.
In inserting or removing a passbook, a card, a transfer card and some cashes to or from an automated transaction apparatus, after information is input or selected, users were requested to perform the consequent operation by the guiding flickering of lamps provided near the slots of the respective media, or were given a voice guidance to perform the operation. Some automated transaction apparatuses display a simple illustration to vaguely indicate how to insert a card or a passbook at the time of requesting the insertion of the card or passbook. In this case, the given information is not detailed and its association with the apparatus is unclear, making it difficult for users to grasp what should be inserted where in the apparatus.
From the viewpoint of improving services to users, it is important to take some measure against the user's leaving the place of the apparatus without removing the inserted medium. With regard to this probable unintentional leaving of an inserted medium, the executives who run banks or the like are demanded to take the proper measure against such an event from the viewpoints of shortening the working time and also of the systemized system.
As the conventional measures against the probable left-out of a medium, users are informed of the event by the flickering of an alarm lamp or a voice guidance. However, no specific measure has been taken with respect to information displayed on the display screen, which provides the direct interaction with users and which is what each user keeps watching during operation.
Further, the contents of guidance messages in the conventional automated transaction apparatuses are fixed. For example, if all the guidances for the individual operations and guidances for what should be performed on the screen are displayed on a single screen, those guidances are not easy for users to see and, what is more, it is likely for the users to take a considerable time to check the contents of the individual guidances. The conventional guidances to be displayed are therefore simplified by omitting the explanation of what to do, the explanation of the individual button operations and the like.
As the amount of transactions is increased and the number of users who use automated transaction apparatuses is also increased, there is an increasing demand for easier understandable operations for transaction procedures and an improved operability.
More specifically, it is desirable if those users can see many information items to be input on the screen and can easily understand for which item the operation should be performed currently, what has already been input and what operations should be performed yet to complete the intended transaction procedure.
It is difficult to grasp the correlation between the contents of each slip users used to fill in at the time of executing a transaction such as a transfer, and the associated operations the users should perform with an automated transaction apparatus, so that some users feel the machine operations more troublesome than filling a slip.
Further, it is necessary to perform operations, such as the removal a passbook, a card or some cashes, other than information input through the screen as well as the interactive operations for entering information through the ordinary screen. In this case, users want easier operation displays which can ensure smooth transition from the screen of simple input operations to another operation like the insertion of media, such as a card and a passbook.
It is not a very rare occasion that users forget to remove their passbooks, cards, bonds or other media, so that some proper measures should be taken to prevent users from forgetting the removal of the media.
It is further desirable to design clear and understandable displays to assist the users' operations, such as guidance displays, so that even those who are not well acquainted with the interactive operations.


A telephone cable splicing tool including a splicing tray, a rod having two ends, with one end engaged with the splicing tray, and vise grip pliers engaged with the other end of the rod.

The state of the art in splicing tools used by telephone cable splicing technicians is splicing tray having a cylindrical bore at one end and a thumb screw threaded transversely to the bore. A smooth cylindrical rod engages the bore in the tray and extends to a clamping device. The clamping device has a thumb screw to lock the cylindrical rod. The clamping device also has a simple clamping mechanism specifically adapted to hang the splicing tool from a horizontal support cable near the work site. The support cable, typically 1/4"-3/8" galvanized wire rope, that the clamping device hangs from is obviously not the telephone cable that is going to be spliced. Rather, a pre-existing support cable must be located vertically above the work site in order to use the splicing tool.
A significant drawback of the splicing tool is that the clamping device is not readily adapted to be used in conditions where there is no pre-existing support cable. Many splicing jobs require splicing on ladders or at ground level sites where numerous support surfaces are available, but there is nothing to clamp clamping device to. Thus, there presently exists the need for a clamping apparatus which permits the slicing tool to be used in a variety of different work site situations.


A magnetic material includes a substrate and a composite magnetic film formed on the substrate. The composite magnetic film comprises a plurality of columnar members formed on the substrate and having a longitudinal direction perpendicular to a surface of the substrate, each of the columnar members containing a magnetic metal or a magnetic alloy selected from at least one of Fe, Co, and Ni, and an inorganic insulator formed between the columnar members and selected from an oxide, a nitride, and fluoride of metal. The composite magnetic film has a minimum anisotropy magnetic field Hk1 in a surface parallel to the substrate surface and a maximum anisotropy magnetic field Hk2 in a surface parallel to the substrate surface, a ratio Hk2/Hk1 is greater than 1.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a magnetic material and an antenna device.
2. Description of the Related Art
The frequency band of electric waves used for current mobile communication terminals is in a high-frequency region of at least 100 MHz. Thus, much attention has been paid to electronic parts and substrates which are useful in this high-frequency region. Mobile communications and satellite communications use electric waves of a high-frequency region of a GHz-band.
To cope with electric waves in such a high-frequency region, it is necessary to reduce energy loss and transmission loss in electronic parts. For example, with antenna devices essential for mobile communication terminals, electric waves generated by an antenna may suffer transmission loss during a transmission process. The transmission loss may be consumed in the electronic parts and a substrate as thermal energy to cause the electronic parts to generate heat. Further, the transmission loss cancels electric waves to be transmitted to an external device. Consequently, powerful electric waves need to be transmitted, thus preventing the effective use of power. Moreover, communications with electric waves at a minimized level have been desired.
High-frequency devices using an insulating substrate with a high magnetic permeability can catch generated electromagnetic waves in the substrate. This makes it possible to prevent electromagnetic waves from reaching electronic parts or a printed circuit board. That is, power can be saved.
Normal high-magnetic-permeability materials include metal or alloy composed of Fe or Co and oxides of Fe and Co. A high-magnetic-permeability material of metal or alloy suffers a significant transmission loss at an increased electric wave frequency owing to eddy currents. This makes it difficult to use such a material as a substrate. On the other hand, if a magnetic substance of an oxide typified by ferrite is used as a substrate, high resistance offered by the magnetic substance inhibits transmission loss. However, because of a resonant frequency of several hundred MHz, transmission loss caused by resonance becomes significant at high frequencies, making it difficult to appropriately use the device. Thus, a material for the substrate has been desired to be an insulating high-magnetic-permeability member which can also be used for electric waves of high frequencies and which suffers a minimized transmission loss.
As an attempt to produce such a high-magnetic-permeability member, high-magnetic-permeability nano-granular materials have been produced using a thin film technology such as sputtering. These materials have been confirmed to exhibit excellent properties even in a high-frequency region. However, with the granular structure, it is difficult to increase the volume percentage of magnetic particulates with high resistance maintained.
On the other hand, JP-A 2004-95937(KOKAI) discloses a composite magnetic material comprising an inorganic insulating base material composed of an oxide, a nitride, or a mixture of the oxide and the nitride, and a columnar structure with a single magnetic domain buried in the inorganic insulating base material and composed of a pure metal such as Fe, Co, or Ni or an alloy containing at least 20 wt % of the pure metal.


An electron beam emitter comprises an electron emission source capable of emitting electrons; a vacuum chamber containing the electron emission source; and a transmission window that keeps airtightness of the vacuum chamber and is capable of transmitting the electrons from the electron emission source. The transmission window includes a foil that transmits the electrons and a grid that does not transmit the electrons. The electron emission source includes an emission portion that emits the electrons and a non-emission portion that does not emit the electrons. The emission portion has a lower work function than the non-emission portion. The non-emission portion is prepared so as to prevent the electrons from reaching the grid.

Conventionally, an electron beam emitter includes an electron emission source that can emit electrons and a vacuum chamber that contains the electron emission source. The vacuum chamber has a transmission window that can transmit electrons. The transmission window includes foil that transmits electrons and a grid that supports the foil. The grid rises in temperature as it completely absorbs electrons from the electron emission source. Thus, a cooling mechanism is provided on the periphery of the transmission window to remove the excess energy and keep the grid at an acceptable operating temperature. In summary, the electron beam emitter accelerates electrons, which are emitted from the electron emission source, in the vacuum chamber and passes the accelerated electrons through the foil of the transmission window (the e-beam window) so as to emit electron beams to the outside (atmospheric side) of the vacuum chamber.
Generally, in a typical electron beam emitter shown in FIG. 6, foil 12 absorbs a small proportion of electrons e− of electron beams 14 having reached the foil 12 and transmits the other proportion of electrons e−, whereas a grid 10 absorbs all the electrons e− of electron beams 14 having reached the grid 10(10b). The absorption of electrons e− into the transmission window 9 increases the temperatures of the grid 10 as well as the foil 12.
As the electron e− exposed surface of the grid 10b is comparable to the electron e− exposed surface of the foil 10a, the fractional foil 12 absorption versus full absorption at the grid 10 leads to low transmission efficiency of electrons e− in prior art designs.
An objective of the present invention is to provide an electron beam emitter that has high electron transmission efficiency that allows for either                (1) low temperature operation of the transmission window at the same output (high reliability and increased life) or        (2) increased current density and higher output at the same operating temperature.
There are prior patents (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 8,339,024) that achieve this goal by intercepting the waste beam with an additional structure, however, these concepts will result in internal high temperatures that would create undesired outgassing and additional thermal management requirements. The novelty of this invention is in eliminating the waste portion of the beam at the source and providing the most efficient solution.

Electron beam emitter with increased electron transmission efficiency


A key structure of computer keyboard having a base, a conductive film, an elastic member, a frame, a cap. A plurality of coupling parts are arranged on the cap and the base, wherein the coupling part on along the same side of the cap and the base are composed of three sliding grooves and a fixed groove. The frame has a plurality of pivoting shafts arranged within the sliding grooves and fixed groove such that the frame can be pressed down. Both sides of the elastic member are fixed between the cap and the conductive film such that the elastic member will not outleap. A clamping device is arranged between the cap and the base such that the key will not shake when being pressed.

The keys 20 in a conventional keyboard, as shown in FIG. 8, comprises a metal base 81, a conductive film 82, a plastic plate 83, an elastic member 84, a frame 85 and a cap 86. Moreover, corresponding coupling part 811 and 861 are arranged on the metal base 81 and the cap 86, respectively. The frame 85 comprises a first rack 851 and a second rack 852 pivotably connected to each other. Two locking part 853 and 854 corresponding to the coupling part 811 and 861 of the metal plate 81 and cap 86 are arranged on the first rack 851 and the second rack 852, respectively, whereby the cap 86 moves upward and downward.
However, the conventional keys 20 lie on the elastic member 84 and have no supporting elements on lateral sides thereof. The keys 20 are wont to shake when being pressed.
Therefore, it is the object of the present to provide a key structure of computer keyboard which does not shake when being pressed.
It's another object of the invention to provide a key for computer keyboard the elastic member thereof will not outleap when the key is opened for repair.
To achieve above objects, the present invention provide a key structure of computer keyboard having a base, a conductive film, an elastic member, a frame, a cap. A plurality of coupling parts are arranged on the cap and the base, wherein the coupling part on along the same side of the cap and the base are composed of three sliding grooves and a fixed groove. The frame has a plurality of pivoting shafts arranged within the sliding grooves and fixed groove such that the frame can be pressed down. Both sides of the elastic member are fixed between the cap and the conductive film such that the elastic member will not outleap. A clamping device is arranged between the cap and the base such that the key will not shake when being pressed.
The various objects and advantages of the present invention will be more readily understood from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the appended drawing, in which:


A multi-conductor cable connector for coaxial cables is provided, the connector including a cable connection portion, wherein the cable connection portion receives a prepared multi-conductor cable having a plurality of conductive strands concentrically sharing a common central axis, and a multi-contact portion coupled to the cable connection portion, the multi-contact portion having a plurality of contacts non-concentrically aligned with the cable connection portion. A fastener member may be used to receive portions of two prepared cables and a hollow clamping member. The fastener member compresses the hollow clamping member onto a portion of each of the two prepared cables.

Traditional connectors for balanced audio cables, DMX lighting cables, mains power cables, and speaker cables have terminals/contacts which are non-coaxial and typically are connected to wire by soldering, set screw, or clamp. Often, multi-conductor cables have a pair of twisted wires surrounded by a braided shield. Common multi-conductor cable connectors utilize multiple electrically isolated terminals/contacts corresponding to the multiple conductive strands of the multi-conductor cable. Typically, each of the conductive strands of a multi-conductor cable is soldered to respective terminals/contacts of a corresponding common multi-conductor cable connector. Using a multi-conductor cable, such as a triaxial cable and a specially formed connector to effect proper alignment can avoid the hassles and problems associated with soldering; however, multi-conductor cables are somewhat inflexible and require the use of nonstandard trimming tools which adds to the difficulty in preparing the multi-conductor cable, and adds to the complexity of the specially formed connectors.
Thus, a need exists for an apparatus and method for efficiently ensuring proper connection of the multiple conductive strands while maintaining the benefits of a coaxial cable, such as ease of preparation and RF shielding properties.

Multi-conductor cable connector for multiple coaxial cables


A motor vehicle door lock has a key operated lock cylinder signalling antitheft and locking-and-unlocking positions via Hall effect chips which include electronic circuitry working into evaluation circuitry connected to the chips. The chips themselves can be selected from a series of mass produced chips based on criteria including the magnetic thresholds and electrical thresholds of the chips provided that the thresholds of the evaluation circuitry are selected appropriately matching of each chip or its Hall effect element to the system is thoroughly avoided.

The kind of motor vehicle door lock with which the invention is concerned can have a bolt system, arrangement or mechanism which is operated in response to an electrical unit which can be termed a locking system and which can have a mechanical lock cylinder operated by a mechanical key, the latter being inserted into the cylinder for rotating same.
The lock cylinder can have three functional positions, namely, an intermediate starting position, a locking-and-unlocking position to one side of the starting position and an anti-theft position to the opposite side of the starting position. Selection between these three positions is made by operation of the key.
The locking cylinder can be provided with evaluation circuitry which can detect the position of the lock cylinder by scanning or the like. The locking system can further include at lest two fixedly mounted Hall-sensor chips each of which can include a Hall-sensor transducer and the associated chip electronics such that the Hall-sensor chip can cooperate with a ferromagnetic actuating magnet operatively connected with the locking cylinder. The starting position can correspond to an intermediate zero setting with respect to the evaluation circuitry which can have a lower electric current threshold A.sub.1 and an upper electrical current threshold A.sub.2.
Door locks of this type are described, for example, in German Patent Document DE 196 34 321.6 A1 (corresponding to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/915,897, filed Aug. 21, 1997, Attorney's Docket No. 20465), EP 0 694 665 A 1 and German Utility Model 296 18 688.0 U1 (corresponding to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/950,792, filed Oct. 16, 1997, Our Docket No. 20516).
In door locks with two such Hall sensor chips, one usually selects the chips so that they are practically identical, e.g. as described in DE 94 15 257.8 U1. In that case, there must be a predetermined match between the Hall sensor and the chip electronics and the determination of that relationship can be an expensive process.
In practice, Hall sensors and Hall sensor chips as described are mass produced on an industrial scale and both the magnetic and electrical tolerances of the units can be substantial. The Hall sensor chips can be manufactured, for example, in series with fabrication tolerances which are more or less identical for a particular series. To a particular series, for example, magnetic and electronic function parameters with upper and lower limits for operability can be ascribed which will not be exceeded or below which the parameters will not fall.
However, up to now, as far as I am aware, the fact that Hall sensor chips are fabricated in such series with well defined upper and lower limits has not been utilized to overcome the drawbacks involved in selecting and matching both the magnetic and electronic components of usable Hall sensor chips for these purposes.


A wheel, such as a traction wheel, with a momentum enhancing apparatus. The momentum enhancing apparatus may selectively enhance the wheel's ability to maintain its angular velocity at relatively high speeds, while having a reduced effect on the angular velocity of the wheel at relatively slow speeds. The momentum enhancing apparatus may include one or more bodies that either translate radially between the hub and the rim of the wheel to change the mass moment of inertia of the wheel, or rotate with the wheel and transfer the momentum of the bodies to the wheel under increasing loads. Methods of using such apparati and vehicles equipped with such apparati are also enclosed.

In classic Newtonian physics, the concept of inertia is expressed simply as the tendency of a body at rest to remain at rest, and the tendency of a body in motion to remain in motion. The mass moment of inertia is the quality describing the degree of ease or difficulty to change the rotational speed (i.e. the angular velocity) of an object, such as a wheel about its axis. In two wheels of the same shape, but different weights/mass, the heavier wheel (i.e., the wheel with the greater mass) will possess a higher mass moment of inertia and will more slowly accelerate and more slowly decelerate. Also, in two wheels having the same shape and same mass, but where the mass is radially distributed differently, the wheel in which the mass is more radially outwardly distributed will possess a higher mass moment of inertia and will more slowly accelerate and more slowly decelerate.
A common dilemma regarding human-powered vehicles, such as bicycles, and motor-powered vehicles, such as motorcycles, is how to select the mass moment of inertia of the wheels. One may increase the mass moment of inertia by increasing the weight of the rim of the wheel. This will help the wheel maintain higher speeds; however, it becomes more difficult to accelerate the wheel from lower speeds. On the other hand, reducing the weight of the rim of the wheel makes the acceleration from low speeds easier, but it also makes deceleration of the wheels easier.
Moreover, wheeled vehicles are commonly used for traveling on a surface, such as a road, that transitions between inclines, declines, and level surfaces. Such transitions, where gravity plays a role in acceleration and deceleration, further compound the dilemma.
The dilemma of advantages being essentially offset by disadvantage regardless of the selected wheel weight has historically been resolved in favor of lighter wheels due to the fact that lighter wheels are easier to rotate than heavier wheels when traveling uphill, and the two are essentially as easy to rotate when traveling downhill and the fact that the advantageous "run on" of a heavy wheel after traveling downhill generally does not offset the disadvantage of the heavier wheel when traveling uphill.

Momentum management in a wheel such as a traction wheel under a changing load


The present invention pertains to modular array arrangements comprising a carrier and at least one insert for attachment to said carrier, which at least one insert may be positioned in or on said carrier in a predetermined, fixed orientation. In addition, the present invention relates to an insert having first connecting means and at least one section adapted for the application of samples, to a method of preparing a modular array arrangement and to a method for using such modular array arrangements in a screening assay.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention pertains to modular array arrangements comprising a carrier and at least one insert for attachment to said carrier, which at least one insert may be positioned in or on said carrier in a predetermined, fixed orientation. In addition, the present invention relates to an insert having first connecting means and at least one section adapted for the application of samples, to a method of preparing a modular array arrangement and to a method for using such modular array arrangements in a screening assay.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the recent past micro-arrays or micro-chips, respectively, have attracted a great deal of interest, since they allow screening for a high number of different samples in one single assay. Such micro-arrays normally comprise a solid surface bearing multiple samples, generally of biological nature, such as nucleic acids or proteins, which serve as so called capture probes in the assay. These capture probes are capable to bind to target molecules based on their inherent natural property in a specific manner. In the case of using oligo- or polynucleotides as capture probes, these molecules may bind to nueleotides exhibiting a sequence complementary to the sequence of the capture nucleotide, while in case of an antibody, as a representative of proteins, this antibody may bind to its specific antigen. In most studies involving micro-arrays, the target molecules derived from a sample are labeled and incubated with the array. Subsequently, the amount of material bound to the specific capture probes is determined by techniques, such as e.g. radioactivity, colorimetry or fluorescence.
However, most of the micro-arrays commercially available carry several thousands of capture probes and are, therefore, due to this huge number of capture probes to be synthesized, purified, quantified, and to be fixed on the solid support quite expensive and require a rather complicated data analysis. Yet, during an assay being performed, many capture probes are normally not of real interest, so that a given micro-array is utilized only partly, adding to waste and cost.
Thus, there is a need for micro-arrays allowing a flexibility in the assembly of capture probes and being adapted to the changing needs during the various assays to be performed. In order to meet commercial demands, such micro-arrays should be producible at low costs and be quickly available to a user.


Disclosed is an apparatus or method performed by a computer system for creating a hierarchy of data volumes. Each data volume in the hierarchy is a point-in-time (PIT) copy of another data volume in the hierarchy or a PIT copy of a data volume V. In one embodiment of the apparatus or method, the contents of a first data volume in the hierarchy can be refreshed to the contents of a second data volume in the hierarchy such that the first data volume becomes a PIT copy of the second data volume. Before the first data volume is fully refreshed to the contents of the second data volume, data of the first data volume can be read or modified.

Many businesses rely on large scale data processing systems for storing and processing data. This data is typically stored as a volume of data in one or more memory devices. Businesses often seek to create one or more copies of the data volume for various purposes. Creating a copy of the data volume is a procedure well known in the art. In essence, the procedure includes copying data from memory that stores the data volume to memory for storing a copy of the data volume until the entire content of the data volume is copied. While the data volume is being copied, write and/or read access to data is denied until the entire contents of the data volume is copied.

Flexible hierarchy of relationships and operations in data volumes


Provided is a rotor 10 capable of avoiding an increase in cost due to use of a high-performance winding machine and an increase in cost due to molding of the entire rotor 10 with an insulator, and a rotating machine including the rotor 10. The rotor 10 includes a rotor core 11 that rotates around a rotary axis A. The rotor core 11 includes a plurality of unit through holes 11a that individually accommodate each of a plurality of winding units 12. Each of the plurality of winding units 12 includes an iron core, a field winding wound around the iron core, and an insulating sealing resin that seals the iron core and the field winding, and is accommodated in the unit through hole 11a in a posture extending in a direction of the rotary axis A.

Conventionally, a rotor including a rotor core that rotates around a rotary axis and a plurality of field windings held by the rotor core is known.
For example, a rotor described in Patent Literature 1 includes a cylindrical rotor core that rotates around a rotary axis and eight rotor windings held by the rotor core. The rotor core in the rotor includes eight salient poles, arranged at equal intervals in a circumferential direction, on an outer peripheral surface. Each of the eight salient poles protrudes outward in a radial direction around the rotary axis from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core. The rotor winding as the field winding is wound around the outer peripheral surface of the salient pole.


A brake system includes: (a) a first brake device including a first actuator and a first brake that utilizes an output of the first actuator; (b) a second brake device including a second actuator and a second brake that utilizes an output of the second actuator; (c) a regenerative-electric-energy obtaining device configured to obtain a regenerative electric energy that is returned to a power source device; and (d) an actuator control device configured to reduce a total consumed electric energy, by controlling the first actuator and/or the second actuator in a manner that maintains a state in which a required braking force is satisfied by a braking force of the first brake and/or a braking force of the second brake, such that the total consumed electric energy is made smaller when a regenerative electric energy is small, than when the regenerative electric energy is large.

Patent Documents 1-3 disclose brake systems each including (i) a hydraulic friction brake device configured to restrict wheel rotation by causing a frictional engagement member to be pressed against a brake rotary body by hydraulic pressure of a brake cylinder and (ii) an electric friction brake device configured to restrict wheel rotation by causing a frictional engagement member to be pressed against a brake rotary body by drive force of an electric motor that serves as a brake motor.
In the brake system disclosed in Patent Document 2, the electric friction brake device and the hydraulic friction brake device are both provided for each front wheel while the electric friction brake device is provided for each rear wheel. The hydraulic friction brake device provided for each front wheel is activated by hydraulic pressure of a master cylinder, and braking force of the electric friction brake device is controlled such that a sum of braking forces of the hydraulic friction brake device and electric friction brake device becomes close to a target value that is determined depending on an operational state of a brake operating member operated by a vehicle driver.
In the brake system disclosed in Patent Document 3, electric energy acquired in an electric motor (referred to as a regenerative motor) that is connected to each wheel is directly supplied to a brake motor of the electric friction brake device or returned to a battery. That is, the electric energy is suppliable to the brake motor from the regenerative motor or from the battery. When the supply of the electric energy from the regenerative motor to the brake motor is insufficient, the electric energy is supplied from the battery to the brake motor.

Brake system and actuator control device


A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device with a substrate. A plurality of dielectric films and electrode films are alternately stacked on the substrate and have a through hole penetrating in the stacking direction. A semiconductor pillar is formed inside the through hole. A charge storage layer is provided at least between the semiconductor pillar and the electrode film. At least part of a side surface of a portion of the through hole located in the electrode film is sloped relative to the stacking direction.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly to a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device with a plurality of dielectric films and electrode films alternately stacked on a substrate, and a method for manufacturing the same.
2. Background Art
Recently, to increase the density of flash memory, a technique for multilayering cells has been developed. In this technique, dielectric films and electrode films are alternately stacked on a substrate, and then through holes are simultaneously formed therein. A charge storage layer for retaining charge is formed on the side surface of the through holes, and a columnar electrode is buried inside each through hole. Thus, memory cells are three-dimensionally arranged at the intersections between the columnar electrodes and the electrode films. Then, a plurality of select gate lines extending in one direction are provided on the uppermost electrode film, and a plurality of bit lines extending in another direction are provided thereabove and connected to the upper end portion of the columnar electrodes, so that any of the columnar electrodes can be selected. On the other hand, each electrode film is connected to a different one of word interconnects so that any of the electrode films can be selected. This enables any of the memory cells to be selected for writing and reading data (see, e.g., JP-A-2007-266143(Kokai)).
However, in such a stacked flash memory, with the advance of downscaling, the amount of charge stored in each memory cell decreases and causes the problem of decreased reliability.

Nonvolatile semiconductor memory device and method for manufacturing same


A method of preparing a gelled ceramic-based foam comprising forming a slurry comprising at least water, a ceramic, albumin and an aldehyde, such that the ratio of the aldehyde to the albumin is from about 60:1 to about 200:1, and frothing the slurry, such that the albumin polymerizes to form a gelled ceramic-based foam. The foam shows improved capability to resist collapse during any subsequent handling, drying to greenware, or firing steps. This enables simplified and more economical production of highly porous ceramics.

1. Technical Field
This invention relates to the field of ceramic-based foams. More particularly, it relates to a method of obtaining ceramic-based foams that exhibit improved gel strength in the pre-fired green state.
2. Background of the Art
Porous refractory materials are in demand for a wide variety of industrial and consumer applications. These include, for example, catalyst supports, flame supports, gas filters, air fresheners, ceramic armor, diesel particulate traps, insulation materials, artificial parts for the body such as heart stents, metal filters, reusable filters, liquid filters, storage and transportation for flammable and/or toxic materials, humidity sensors, chromatography, filter candles for filtration of hot combustion gases, diaphragms, membranes, refractory separators, phase dividers, and electrolytes for high temperature fuel cells. Methods to make such porous refractory materials generally include formation of a foam of some type, wherein gas is introduced into or generated within a slurry or dispersion, allowed or induced to expand therein, and the slurry or dispersion material then forms an interconnected porous structure. This structure is then allowed to dry, harden and/or cure, such that the porous refractory material becomes useful.
For example, in WO95/30641 (PCT/GB95/01063), a method of making a porous refractory article is described. That method comprises the steps of forming an aqueous dispersion of refractory particles including a polymerizable monomer component which on polymerization generates an exotherm; adding a thermally-activated gas generating substance; and adding agents such as initiator and/or catalyst to facilitate the polymerization. The gas forms bubbles under the heat of the exotherm, and an interconnected open pore structure results.
In another method, described in GB 2 317 887 A, a porous article composed of bonded particles, such as hydroxyapatite or the like, is formed, beginning with a dispersion comprising a liquid carrier, a polymerizable monomer, and the particles. Thus, the polymeric portions of the porous structure include the particles bonded therein.
A problem that is encountered in many methods that involve formation of an initial foam, however, is that the foam is relatively fragile, and may tend to collapse easily during the period between its initial formation and its final form. This is encountered particularly in the case where the initial slurry or dispersion is water-based. This is because, by definition, most methods require at least some drying of the foam, and this loss of water changes the dynamics of the foam, leading to its collapse. Because of this problem, water-based foams often require special types of handling and further processing, which may add to the expense and difficulty of producing them.
In view of the special difficulties encountered in preparing water-based porous refractory articles, it is desired in the art to find new and improved methods of preparing these foams wherein the capability of the foam to maintain its shape throughout the formation of the final porous article is improved.

Water-based ceramic foams showing improved gel strength


There is disclosed a fabricating method of a plasma display panel which might simplify its fabricating process. The method includes: providing a sheet into which a black material layer and an electrode material layer are integrated, forming the sheet on a substrate, aligning a first mask on the front surface of a substrate where the sheet has been formed and exposing the sheet, aligning a second mask on the rear surface of the substrate and exposing the sheet, and developing the exposed sheet to form a bus electrode and a light shielding layer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a fabricating method of a plasma display panel, and more particularly to a fabricating method of a plasma display panel which might simplify the fabricating process of a substrate.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, Flat Panel Displays have briskly been developed, which include Liquid Crystal Displays (hereinafter 'LCD'), Field Emission Displays (hereinafter 'FED'), Plasma Display Panels (hereinafter 'PDP'). The PDP among them has advantages of easy production due to its simple structure, excellence of high brightness and high light-emission efficiency, memory function, and wide viewing angle of over 160°, in addition, being realized into a large screen of over 40 inches.
FIG. 1 is a diagram representing a discharge cell of a three-electrode AC surface discharge PDP of prior art.
Referring to FIG. 1, the discharge cell includes a scan/sustain electrode 34Y and a common sustain electrode 34Z formed on an upper substrate 46 and an address electrode 32X formed on a lower substrate 44. The lower substrate 44 is shown by being rotated in a 90 degree arc.
The sustain electrode pair 34Y, 34Z includes a transparent electrode 34A and a bus electrode 34B. The bus electrode 34B has a double layer structure of a black material layer 34I and an electrode material layer 34J.
An upper dielectric layer 42 and a protective film 40 are deposited on the upper substrate 46 on which the scan/sustain electrode 34Y and the common sustain electrode 34Z are formed in parallel. Wall charges being generated upon plasma discharge are accumulated in the upper dielectric layer 42.
The protective film 40 increases the discharge efficiency of secondary electron as well as protects the upper dielectric layer 42 from being damaged by the sputtering generated upon plasma discharge. The protective film 40 is usually magnesium oxide MgO.
A lower dielectric layer 48 and barrier ribs 38 are formed on the lower substrate where the address electrode 32X is formed. A phosphorus layer 36 is spread over the surface of the lower dielectric layer 48 and the barrier ribs 38. The address electrode 32X is formed in a direction of crossing the scan/sustain electrode 34Y and the common sustain electrode 34Z.
The barrier ribs 38 is formed along the address electrode 32X in parallel to prevent ultraviolet rays and visible rays from leaking into adjacent discharge cells, wherein the ultraviolet rays and visible rays are formed by discharge.
Any one of red R, green G or blue B visible rays is generated in the phosphorus layer 36, wherein the generated visible ray is excited by the ultraviolet ray generated upon plasma display. Inert gas is injected for gas discharge into a discharge space provided between the upper substrate 46, the lower substrate 44 and the barrier ribs 38.
A black matrix 52 is formed along the sustain electrode pair 34Y, 34Z on the upper dielectric layer 42 of such a PDP in order to improve the contrast of screen.
The black matrix 52 absorbs an external light being between and the transmitted light inside adjacent discharge cells, thus the improvement of its chroma and contrast can be made. Also, the black matrix 52 should be black because it is a visible light absorbing body.
The black matrix 52 is formed by a printing method or a photo-sensitivity method to be around 5 μm in height, wherein photosensitive resin, solvent and metal such as ruthenium Ru and Cobalt Co on a PbO group glass of low temperature which has its usual transition point below 400° C.
FIGS. 2A to 2G are diagrams representing a fabricating method of an upper substrate of a plasma display panel according to prior art.
Firstly, the transparent electrode 34A is formed, as shown in FIG. 2A, by patterning after depositing transparent conductive material on the upper substrate 46. The black material layer 34I with low conductivity is printed and then dried, as shown in FIG. 2B, in order to cover the transparent electrode 34A on the upper substrate 46 where the transparent electrode 34A is formed. Subsequently, the black material layer 61 corresponding to a transmitting part 60B is exposed by use of a first photo mask 60 having a shielding part 60A and a transmitting part 60B on the black material layer 34I, as shown in FIG. 2C.
Subsequently, the electrode material layer 34J is printed on the upper substrate 46 and then dried, as shown in FIG. 2D, wherein the partially exposed black material layer 34I has been formed on the upper substrate 46. And then, the black material layer 34I and the electrode material layer 34J overlapping with the transmitting part 7DB are exposed by use of a second photo mask 70 having a shielding part 70A and a transmitting part 70B, as shown in FIG. 2E. The exposed black material layer 34I and the electrode material layer 34J are is patterned by a development process and then go through a firing process to form the bus electrode 34B and the black matrix 52, as shown in FIG. 2F. Herein, the bus electrode 34B has a two layer structure of the black material layer 34I and the electrode material layer 34J, and the black matrix 52 has a single layer structure of the black material layer 34I.
The upper dielectric layer 42 is formed, as shown in FIG. 2G, by spreading a dielectric material over the upper substrate 46 where the sustain electrode pair 34Y, 34Z and the black matrix 52 are formed.
Then, the protective film 40 is formed, as shown in FIG. 2H, by spreading magnesium oxide over the upper dielectric layer 42, wherein the magnesium oxide is a protective material.
However, upon the fabricating process of the upper plate of a prior art PDP, there occurs a problem that impurities including dust in the air are mixed into each material layer in several processes such as the printing and drying of the black material layer 34I and the printing and drying of the electrode material layer 34J. Also, a few mask processes are required in order to form the upper plate of the prior art PDP. Especially, at least two mask processes including exposure process and development process are required to form the bus electrode and the black matrix, thus there occurs a problem that the process becomes complex and the process time lengthen.

Fabricating method of plasma display panel