The invention relates to an elliptical trainer including: a frame having a first end and a second end; a rocker-rod mechanism hingedly connected to the first end of the frame; a pedal mechanism hingedly connected to the second end of the frame through a transmission mechanism; an adjustment mechanism including an adjustment table, one end of the adjustment table being rotatably connected to the frame, the pedal mechanism being slidably connected to the adjustment table, the adjustment mechanism adjusting the position of the pedal mechanism relative to the frame; and a link the two ends of which are connected to the rocker-rod mechanism and the pedal mechanism respectively so that the rocker-rod mechanism is linked with the pedal mechanism. Since the apparatus of the invention is provided with an adjustment mechanism which is rotatably connected to the frame and the pedal mechanism is slidably connected to the adjustment mechanism, an exercise experience that the user simulates climbing by means of the pedal mechanism can be improved by changing an elevation angle of the adjustment mechanism relative to the frame. In the apparatus of the invention, a resistance adjustment mechanism is provided on a flywheel, the user can obtain more exercise experiences by increasing rotation resistance of the flywheel and a turntable.

Elliptical trainer is a recently emerging exercise fitness equipment, and generally refers to a variety of devices which can guide the left and right pedals to move along an elliptical trajectory or a trajectory in similar shape for the user to simulate leg movements such as walking, running, and stair climbing.
Most of the existing elliptical trainers have a fixed pedal trajectory. Although the user can change the movement load by adjusting resistance to the movement of the pedals, a fixed pedal trajectory usually means the form of leg movement of the user is immutable, which not only makes it impossible to choose the movement form according to the personal preference and choose the muscle parts that the user wants to exercise, but also makes the movement lack changes and be monotonous. Additionally, the movement resistance adjustment of the existing elliptical trainer is limited by the structure, leading to a limited adjustable resistance range and a poor user experience.
The above-mentioned information disclosed in the background is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of the invention and therefore may contain information that is not the prior art known to those skilled in the art.


This invention relates to the process of manufacture of resin treated mercerized cellulose fibers and fibrous products prepared therefrom and is directed particularly to a method of improving permeability and bulking properties and reducing water retention value (WRV) of a conventional high permeability bulk pulp. The invention also includes the improved cellulose fibers, cellulosic sheet materials containing said fibers, and products therefrom (such as automotive oil and air filters).

Cellulose fibers currently available in the market do not exhibit all desired properties for use in certain applications. For example, in the manufacture of automotive oil and air filters, it is desirable that the fibers exhibit reduced WRV and produce structures (e.g., filters) with high permeability and bulk with adequate sheet strength. However, one commercially available fiber produces structures with high permeability and bulk but does not have adequate sheet strength. Another commercially available fiber produces structures with higher permeability and bulk, but is brittle and loses permeability under conventional refining conditions. Another commercially available fiber produces structures with high permeability and bulk, but has an undesirably high WRV. Thus, there is a need in the art for improved cellulose fibers having reduced WRV that can produce structures with high permeability and bulk.
Attempts have been made to improve conventional manufacturing processes to obtain cellulose fibers of desired properties. For example, Shaw et al. describe in U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,470 that swellability, which is a result of water absorption, can be reduced by treating fibers with a substantive polymeric compound and fluff-drying. Adjusting parameters for improving quality of cellulose fibers are described in U.S. Pat. No: 3,756,913 to Wodka; U.S. Pat. No: 4,361,463 to Lindberg et al.; U.S. Pat. No: 4,853,086 to Graef; U.S. Pat. No: 2,926,116 to Keim et al.; and U.S. Pat. Nos: 5,200,036 and 5,015,245 to Noda. All patents (and references therein) cited herein are incorporated by reference. However, cellulose fibers that exhibit the desired properties as described herein have not been previously reported.

Resin-treated mercerized fibers and products thereof


There is described a method for producing polymeric 3-hydroxypropionamide (3HP amide), the method comprising: culturing an Acetobacter lovaniensis-bacterium in a growth medium containing phosphate and ammonium, wherein culturing of the bacterium produces polymeric 3HP amide. The polymeric 3HP amide may then be hydrolysed to 3HP amide or converted to other compounds of interest.

A number of micro-organisms have been shown to produce 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3HP) (Andreeken, B. and Steinbuchel, A., Applied and Environmental Microbiology (2010), 76, 4919-4925). The synthesis of 3HP and other related hydroxylated carboxylic acids and polyalkanoates generally occurs under growth limiting culture conditions (Brigham C. J. et al., S3 Microbiol and Biochemical Technology (2011)). Production of hydroxyl carboxylic acids and their polymeric forms, and in particular 3HP, are of commercial significance. 3HP (CAS No. 503-66-2) can be converted to acrylic acid (CAS No. 79-10-7) on dehydration and as such is a useful platform molecule.
Previous reports of the synthesis of commercially useful amides using micro-organisms generally refer to the hydrolysis of nitriles by bacteria such as Rhodococcus or Pseudomonas species employing a nitrilase/nitrile hydratase system. Such bacterial systems are used to good effect for the synthesis of acrylamide from acrylonitrile in industrial processes (Mitsubishi process). However, de novo synthesis of acrylamide, acrylonitrile or the precursor molecule 3HP amide by a micro-organism has not been previously reported.
Two green routes to the synthesis of acrylonitrile have been reported, namely the synthesis from glycerol (V. Calvino-Casilda et al., Green Chemistry (2009), 11, 939-941) and synthesis from glutamic acid (J. Le Notre et al., Green Chemistry (2011), 13, 807-809). Synthesis from glycerol requires chemical amination, and while it represents green chemistry it is not de novo synthesis of the molecule or a precursor. The availability of glycerol from biofuel operations may be limiting and represents an issue in the debate about "food for fuel". Also synthesis from glutamic acid, which is produced by fermentation from by-products of sugar process such as vinasse (from sugar beet), may represent a larger carbon foot print than the petrochemical equivalent and be of no advantage.
WO 2013/011292 and WO 2015/118341 describe a micro-organism which is capable of producing long-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids and esters of 3-hydroxypropionic acid. These documents relate to a particular strain referred to as Acetobacter lovaniensis FJ1 having accession number NCIMB 41808 (deposited at NCIMB Ltd. (Ferguson Building, Craibstone Estate, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB21 9YA) on 12 Jan. 2011 under the provisions of the Budapest Treaty).

Method for producing 3-hydroxypropanamide employing


A resin for sealing a compound semiconductor is here disclosed which contains, as a matrix, a siloxane compound for producing a silicone resin by addition reaction and which has a group comprising the bond of an organic group and an oxy group. The group comprising the bond of the organic group and the oxy group bonds to a terminal of the molecule of the siloxane compound, and as this group comprising the bond, 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 1.5% by weight of an alkoxy group (--OR') is used. A compound semiconductor chip is covered with the resin for sealing the compound semiconductor and then reacted under predetermined conditions to produce a silicone resin and simultaneously to chemically bond a siloxane group (--Si--O--) in the silicone resin to an element in a portion of the compound semiconductor chip which comes in contact with the silicone resin.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a resin for sealing a compound semiconductor, a semiconductor device, and a process for manufacturing the semiconductor device. More specifically, it relates to a resin for sealing a compound semiconductor chip, a semiconductor device containing a compound semiconductor chip covered with a resin, and a process for manufacturing the semiconductor device.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Heretofore, as a resin for sealing a compound semiconductor, there has been used a resin (an addition reaction type silicone resin) obtained by adding an inorganic filler, a glass fiber or a curing catalyst to an addition reaction type siloxane compound (a compound having a --Si--O-- bond) as a matrix. When this addition reaction type silicone resin is subjected to the addition reaction under predetermined curing conditions, a silicone resin (an organosiloxane polymer) having a siloxane bond as a main chain can be produced, as shown in FIG. 1. In this example, the addition reaction of the siloxane compounds (--O--R.sub.2 Si--CH--CH.sub.2) and (H--R.sub.2 Si--O--) is carried out in the presence of a catalyst to produce the silicone resin (--O--R.sub.2 Si--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --R.sub.2 Si--O--) (R is an organic group). The reasons why the addition reaction type silicone resin is used are that at the time of curing, solvent is not necessary and by-products are not formed to protect the compound semiconductor from contamination, and the curing can be completed in a short period of time by heating to contribute to the improvement of productivity. On the contrary, as for a resin containing a condensation reaction type siloxane compound as the matrix (a condensation reaction type silicone resin), an alcohol and water are generated at the time of the curing. Furthermore, the curing time of the condensation reaction type siloxane resin is relatively long, and the cured state of the resin is liable to change under the influence of the unevenness of temperature and moisture. For these reasons, the productivity is poor. In consequence, the condensation reaction type siloxane resin has not been used as the resin for sealing the compound semiconductor.
As described above, the addition reaction type silicone resin is excellent, but it still has some drawbacks. Even where a compound semiconductor chip, for example, a GaAlAs chip which functions as a luminous element is covered with the above-mentioned addition reaction type silicone resin and addition reaction is then carried out under predetermined curing conditions, the luminous output and withstand voltage (a reverse withstand voltage) decline and the characteristics of the chip also deteriorate, when the chip is continuously used.

Resin for sealing compound semiconductor, semiconductor device, and process for manufacturing it


An eyeglass case kit is set forth including a case with an overlying flap wherein the flap includes a trapezoidal flap formed with an angulated terminal end securable to a forward face of the case to expose a resilient latch wherein the latch is selectively securable overlying a spray bottle containing a cleansing solution therein. The cleansing solution cooperates with a cleansing fabric cloth positioned in and formed integrally to a forward face of the case. An interior surface of the flap includes a transparent information pocket with a forward edge spaced from a side edge of the flap to contain an information slip within the information pocket and abuttable against an eyeglass pair positioned within the case. The case is securable to items, such as a belt worn by a user or selectively securable to a fabric surface, such as a dashboard and the like, by a hook and loop fastening surface formed to an exterior surface of a clip formed to an exterior surface of the case.

1. Field of the Invention
The field of invention relates to eyeglass containers, and more particularly pertains to a new and improved eyeglass kit containing an assembly for the care and maintenance of eyeglasses contained therein.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of eyeglass cases of various types is known in the prior art. Heretofore the prior art has failed to provide an operative kit assembly enabling maintenance of an eyeglass assembly contained therein in an enhanced readily available format. An example of an eyeglass container as set forth by the prior art may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 2,499,332 to Schiff setting forth an eyeglass container securable within a conventional purse arrangement. The container is of interest relative to its securable association to an individual's garment.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,498,202 to Dingman sets forth a spectacle case wherein the case is formed with elastomeric sides to enable the container to be deformed for the acceptance of an eyeglass assembly therein.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,479,472 to Coplon sets forth an eyeglass assembly including a memorandum pad and writing instrument associated with the case, but fails to provide an assembly of eyeglass care items in a readily usable and accessible form as set forth by the instant invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,287,985 to Feniger sets forth an eyeglass case wherein the case is provided with flexible interior members to enable finger pressure to clean lenses of an associated eyeglass assembly without direct contact of the assembly by the fingers.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,418,733 to Kallman sets forth a multipurpose securement pouch wherein the pouch is of a complementary configuration to various objects and may be secured about the objects utilizing hook and loop fastener portions.
As such, it may be appreciated that there continues to be a need for a new and improved eyeglass case kit wherein the same addresses both the problems of ease of use and effectiveness in organization, and in this respect, the present invention substantially fulfills this need.


A revolving door assembly is disclosed. The assembly comprises a central column and at least one door panel connected to the central column and rotatably arranged around a central axis (X). The central column comprises a support structure and a drive unit including a motor an oscillating gear arranged to rotate said at least one door panel around said central axis (X). The support structure comprises a non-rotating member extending through the gear and is arranged to be mounted to a bottom restriction of an opening in which the revolving door assembly is to be installed. The central column comprises at least one bearing arranged to rotatably support said at least one door panel. The motor and the bearing are mounted to the support structure. Also disclosed is a driving base unit for a revolving door assembly.

Revolving doors are manufactured in different sizes. The size of a revolving door may be dependent on the number of people that are expected to walk through the revolving door and the desired size to visually fit the building and/or to achieve a particular image. The size of a revolving door may also be dependent on the size of an existing revolving door to be replaced or the opening in a building or inner wall in which the revolving door is installed. In order to meet the required size each revolving door is manufactured based on the desired size in a customized fashion.
Revolving doors are in many installations automatically controlled and therefore have a drive unit including a motor and usually a gear. The drive unit may be installed above the door panels of the revolving door such as in DE 196 06 200 A1, EP 340 771 A1 and some embodiments of DE 94 21 367 U1. However, the location of the drive unit above the door panels results in an increased height of the revolving door and cover sheets or panels above the door panels are required to conceal the drive unit as seen in FIG. 1 of DE 94 21 367 U1. Cover sheets or cover panels may disturb the aesthetic appearance, in particular when the revolving door is installed in a building having a glass facade.
The drive unit may also be located in a pit in the floor as in DE 94 21 367 U1 (see e.g. FIG. 3). However, this requires extensive modification and rebuilding of the floor and may not be possible e.g. if there is a storey, such as a basement, below the installation site of the revolving door.
The drive unit may also be located in a central body of the revolving door as in WO 92/08868 A1, DE 94 21 367 U1 (see e.g. FIG. 1) and DE 197 11 460 A1. However, the location in a central body results in a bulky construction that requires a large central body and thus a large revolving door with a large installation width is required or if the total width of the revolving door is limited the passage capacity is decreased. The large and bulky central body may also disturb the aesthetic appearance of the revolving door.
In DE 10 2005 030 755 A1 a drive unit is partially located in a centre pillar of the revolving door and mounted to the ceiling construction above the door panels. A bearing guiding the centre pillar is also mounted to the ceiling construction. The location of the drive unit partially above the door panels results in an increased height of the revolving door and disturbs the aesthetic appearance of the revolving door.
All the above described revolving doors according to prior art also requires extensive installation as well as comprehensive customization of the revolving door.
Thus, there exists a need for an improved revolving door.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Revolving door assembly comprising support structure


A lid includes a seal indication window for viewing a corresponding seal indication surface on the rim of a container. This provides a quick visual indication of whether the container is closed properly.

1. Field of the Invention
The subject invention generally pertains to semi-rigid plastic containers with snap-on lids and more specifically to a clear visual means of indicating the lid is properly sealed to the container.
2. Description of Related Art
Today's typical plastic food storage container includes a lid that snaps or slips onto the container simply by applying pressure. However, after the lid is supposedly on, repeated pressure is usually applied to ascertain the lid is completely on and the container is properly sealed. This is especially true for substantially rectangular containers. Moreover, should someone other than the one who first closed the container come across it, the same procedure of reapplying pressure would have to be used to tell whether the container had been properly sealed.


A composite material comprising a substrate having an ionic charge which is coated with a coating having essentially the same ionic charge and a metallic component adhered on one or both sides of the coated substrate. The coating consists essentially of a filler material comprising clay and a binder material. The substrate is preferably fiberglass, the filler material may further comprise at least one additional filler selected from the group consisting of decabromodiphenyloxide, antimony trioxide, fly ash, charged calcium carbonate, mica, glass microspheres and ceramic microspheres and mixtures thereof and the binder material is preferably acrylic latex. The metallic component is preferably aluminum foil. The composite material has heat insulating and fire resistant characteristics.

For many years substrates such as fiberglass have been coated with various compositions to produce materials having utility in, among other applications, the building industry. U.S. Pat. No. 5,001,005 relates to structural laminates made with facing sheets. The laminates described in that patent include thermosetting plastic foam and have planar facing sheets comprising 60% to 90% by weight glass fibers (exclusive of glass micro-fibers), 10% to 40% by weight non-glass filler material and 1% to 30% by weight non-asphaltic binder material. The filler materials are indicated as being clay, mica, talc, limestone (calcium carbonate), gypsum (calcium sulfate), aluminum trihydrate (ATH), antimony trioxide, cellulose fibers, plastic polymer fibers or a combination of any two or more of those substances. The patent further notes that the filler materials are bonded to the glass fibers using binders such as urea-, phenol- or melamine-formaldehyde resins (UF, PF, and MF resins), or a modified acrylic or polyester resin. Ordinary polymer latexes used according to the disclosure are Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber (SBR), Ethylene-Vinyl-Chloride (EVCl), PolyVinylidene Chloride (PvdC), modified PolyVinyl Chloride (PVC), PolyVinyl Alcohol (PVOH), and PolyVinyl Acetate (PVA). The glass fibers, non-glass filler material and non-asphaltic binder are all mixed together to form the facer sheets.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,745,032 discloses an acrylic coating comprised of one acrylic underlying resin which includes fly ash and an overlying acrylic resin which differs from the underlying resin.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,229,329 discloses a fire retardant coating composition comprising fly ash and vinyl acrylic polymer emulsion. The fly ash is 24 to 50% of the composition. The composition may also preferably contain one or more of a dispersant, a defoamer, a plasticizer, a thickener, a drying agent, a preservative, a fungicide and an ingredient to control the pH of the composition and thereby inhibit corrosion of any metal surface to which the composition is applied.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,784,897 discloses a cover layer material on a basis of a matting or fabric, which is especially for the production of gypsum boards and polyurethane hard foam boards. The cover layer material has a coating on one side, which comprises 70% to 94% powdered inorganic material, such as calcium carbonate, and 6% to 30% binder. In addition, thickening agents and cross-linking agents are added and a high-density matting is used.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,495,238 discloses a fire resistant thermal insulating composite structure comprised of a mixture of from about of 50% to 94% by weight of inorganic microfibers, particularly glass, and about 50% to 6% by weight of heat resistant binding agent.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,091,243 discloses a fire barrier fabric comprising a substrate formed of corespun yarns and a coating carried by one surface of the substrate. The coating comprises a carbonific compound, a catalyst and a source of a non-flammable gas. The coating additionally comprises thickening agents and blowing agents.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,228,497 teaches a fire resistant glass fiber which is made by mixing together glass fibers, a binder and calcium carbonate. In addition, clay may be added to improve fire resistance.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,994,317 teaches a multilayered fire resistant material which comprises a flame durable textile fabric substrate, a flexible silicone polymer layer, and a heat reflective paint. Clay may be added to the silicone layer to enhance flame resistance.
GB 2167060 teaches a fire resistant material comprising synthetic mineral fibers (including glass wool), clay and a binder. The fire resistant material is made by combining the components. The binder is preferably starch or modified starch; condensates of phenol, urea, melamine, resorcinol, tannin with aldehyde, isocyanates, reactive cements; binders formed in situ by inter-reaction between silica and calcium; hydraulic cements; and potassium and sodium silicates.
Many different coating compositions have been formulated over the years but often such compositions would bleed through substrates, such as fiberglass substrates, if the substrates were coated on just one side, unless the compositions had a high binder content and/or included viscosity modifiers to enhance the viscosity of the coating composition. To prevent bleed through, such coating compositions sometimes had their viscosity increased by blowing or whipping air into the compositions. Although such blown compositions did not bleed through to the other side of mats such as fiberglass mats, the raw material costs for the compositions were high because of the numbers of constituent elements involved.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,965,257, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses a structural article having a coating, which includes only two major constituents, while eliminating the need for viscosity modifiers, for stabilizers or for blowing. The structural article of U.S. Pat. No. 5,965,257 is made by coating a substrate having an ionic charge with a coating having essentially the same ionic charge. The coating consists essentially of a filler material and a binder material. By coating the substrate with a coating having essentially the same ionic charge, the patentee developed a zero bleed through product while using only two major ingredients in the coating and eliminating the need for costly and time consuming processing steps such as blowing. Structural articles may thus be produced having a low binder content and no viscosity modifiers. U.S. Pat. No. 5,965,257 issued to Elk Corporation of Dallas, the assignee of the present application. Elk produces a product in accordance with the invention of U.S. Pat. No. 5,965,257 which is marketed as VersaShield®.
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/955,395, filed on Sep. 18, 2001, to which this application claims priority as a continuation-in-part, relates to fire resistant fabric materials comprising a substrate having an ionic charge coated with a coating having essentially the same charge and consisting essentially of a filler material and a binder material. The filler material includes clay. The fire resistant fabric material of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/955,395 is drapable and can be used as a fabric material or as a backing for a fabric material, such as a backing for mattress ticking. The present invention is based in part on the unexpected discovery that the inclusion of a metallic component on the fire resistant fabric materials of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/955,395 surprisingly results in a composite material with superior heat insulating properties and fire resistant properties that is still flexible.
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/354,216, filed on Jan. 29, 2003, to which this application claims priority as a continuation-in-part, relates to fire resistant structural materials and to fire resistant fabric materials made therefrom. The structural materials comprise a surfactant component, surfactant generated microcells, a filler component and a binder component. The structural material is fire resistant. The structural material may be used to coat a substrate to make fire resistant fabric materials.
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/354,220, filed on Jan. 29, 2003, to which this application claims priority as a continuation-in-part, relates to a structural material comprising a prefabricated microcell component, a surfactant component, a surfactant-generated microcell component, a filler component and a binder component. The prefabricated microcell component is essentially a hollow sphere or a component capable of forming a hollow sphere that has been constructed or manufactured before being employed in the structural material. The structural material may be used to coat a substrate to make a fire resistant fabric material.
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/354,219, filed on Jan. 29, 2003, to which this application claims priority as a continuation-in-part, relates to a structural material comprising a surfactant component, surfactant-generated microcells, a gel catalyst component and a binder component. The structural material may further comprise a filler component. The structural material may be used to coat a substrate to make a fire resistant fabric material.


Provided is a wall-mounted drum washing machine which includes a rear panel having a buffer member interposed between a through-hole and a wall surface and mounted on the wall surface through a fastening member inserted through the through-hole, a tub containing wash water and supported by the rear panel, and a box unit coupled to the rear panel so as to surround the tub. The wall-mounted drum washing machine includes a sensor configured to sense a contact state between the rear panel and the wall surface, a control unit configured to determine a mounting abnormality of the drum washing machine based on the sensed contact state, and a power supply unit configured to control power supply according to the determination result of the control unit.

The present invention relates to a wall-mounted drum washing machine and a method for sensing a mounting abnormality and fall thereof, and more particularly, to a wall-mounted drum washing machine and a method for sensing a mounting abnormality and fall of the wall-mounted drum washing machine, which are capable of preventing an accident which may occur when the wall-mounted drum washing machine falls on a floor.
In a general wall-mounted drum washing machine, a washing drum driven by a forward/reverse motor is built in a washing tub integrated with an installation plate, and a water supply pipe and a drain pipe which are provided with a solenoid valve are laid in the washing tub.
The washing tub includes a water level sensor to sense a water level, a hot air blower to supply hot air to the washing tub, an air blower to discharge internal air of the washing tub, a plurality of manipulation buttons for selecting washing, spin-drying, rising, and drying, and a control panel to control the respective units.
The forward/reverse motor to drive the washing drum and the hot air blower to supply hot air to the washing tub are installed over the installation plate, and the water level sensor and a ventilation pipe communicating with the bottom of the washing tub and having an upper end coupled to the air blower are installed at the rear side of the installation plate.
A plurality of silicon anti-vibration rubbers each having a bolt buried at both sides thereof are fixed to the front side of the installation plate and coupled to anti-vibration rubber receiving grooves of an intermediate case having a washing tub insertion hole, a forward/reverse motor insertion hole, and a hot air blower insertion hole.
A ring rim having the same diameter as the washing tub is formed at the front side of the intermediate case, and the intermediate case is coupled to a front case through stay bolts. The front case is opened/closed by a door having tempered glass coupled to the inside of a frame, and has an input hole in which a silicon packing is formed.
A rear case having a ring formed in the upper and lower portions thereof is fixed to the rear side of the intermediate case through a bolt, and the ring is coupled to a bracket having an insertion piece formed to protrude between both fixing pieces fixed to the wall.
The related art of the present invention is disclosed in Utility Model Registration Notification No. 20-0305578 published on Feb. 26, 2003 and titled "Wall-mounted Small Drum Washing Machine".
When the conventional wall-mounted drum washing machine unexpectedly falls on a floor surface due to an installation defect or the like, the wall-mounted drum washing machine may come in contact with water staying on the floor surface. In this case, a user may get an electric shock.
Thus, there is a demand for a structure capable of solving such a problem.

Wall-mounted drum washing machine and method for sensing mounting abnormality and fall thereof


A reciprocating saw includes a body and a slider supported by the body such that the slider is slidably movable in a longitudinal direction of the body and is pivotally movable in a vertical direction. A first motion conversion mechanism is operable to convert the rotational movement of the rotary member into a reciprocal movement of the slider in the longitudinal direction. A second motion conversion mechanism is operable to convert the rotational movement of the rotary member into a reciprocal pivotal movement of the slider in the vertical direction. The second motion conversion mechanism includes an arm having one end vertically pivotally connected to the slider. An actuating member is rotatable with the rotary member and has an abutting surface on which the other end of the arm slidably abuts. The abutting position of the other end of the arm on the abutting surface is varied as the actuating member is rotated, so that the vertical position of one end of the arm is varied.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a reciprocating saw.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A conventional reciprocating saw includes a mechanism for converting the rotation of a motor into a reciprocal movement of a saw blade in a longitudinal direction of a body. In this mechanism, a gear is rotatably driven by the motor within a horizontal plane. A slider is horizontally slidably supported by the body. The gear is disposed below the slider and includes an eccentric pin. The slider includes, on its lower surface, a recess extending in a lateral direction for engagement with the eccentric pin. Further, in order to reciprocally pivot the saw blade in a vertical direction in addition to the reciprocal movement in the longitudinal direction, Japanese Laid-Open Utility Model Publication No. 60-75002 discloses a mechanism in which an annular recess is formed on the upper surface of the gear. The annular recess has a depth varying in a circumferential direction. A rolling member such as a ball and a roller is supported by the rear portion of the slider and are in engagement with the annular recess for rolling movement therewithin. As the gear is rotated, the engaging position of the rolling member varies, so that the slider is reciprocally pivoted in the vertical direction.
Since the reciprocal pivoting movement of the slider is obtained through rolling movement of the rolling member relative to the annular recess, the prior art reciprocating saw involves the following disadvantages:
A. The rolling member and the surface of the annular recess are rapidly abraded by mutual rolling contact. This is particularly remarkable when a large load is applied to the rolling member because of the load applied to the blade. PA1 B. The rotational speed of the rolling member is determined by "Rotational Speed of Gear X Radius of Annular Recess .div. Radius of Rolling Member". Since the gear is rotated at high speed in this kind of reciprocating saw, a problem may be caused in the strength and the abrasion of the rolling member. PA1 C. Since the rolling member receives the load from the slider through point contact, the rolling member may be easily damaged. PA1 D. Since a particular machining operation is required to form the annular recess on the gear having the varying depth, the machining operation is very troublesome. PA1 a body; PA1 a slider supported by the body such that the slider is slidably movable in a longitudinal direction of the body and is pivotally movable in a vertical direction; PA1 a rotary member disposed within the body and rotatably driven by drive means; and PA1 a first motion conversion mechanism and a second motion conversion mechanism disposed between the slider and the rotary member, the first motion conversion mechanism being operable to convert the rotational movement of the rotary member into a reciprocal movement of the slider in the longitudinal direction, and the second motion conversion mechanism being operable to convert the rotational movement of the rotary member into a reciprocal pivotal movement of the slider in the vertical direction; PA1 the second motion conversion mechanism including: PA1 the abutting position of the other end of the arm on the abutting surface is varied as the actuating member is rotated, so that the vertical position of one end of the arm is varied.


A device may include a connector receptacle coupled to a motherboard; a connector hold-down disposed adjacent to the connector receptacle; and/or a connector cage coupled to the motherboard and covering the connector receptacle and connector hold-down. Additionally, a computer system utilizing a connector hold-down and a method utilizing a connector hold-down are disclosed.

An electrical connector may be utilized in a wide variety of applications. Electrical connectors may join two lengths of flexible wire or cable, or may connect a wire or cable to an electrical terminal. Many computer systems utilize a plug and socket connector, such as on a motherboard. Plug and socket connectors may include a male plug and a female socket


A method and apparatus for reducing the number of CC messages transmitted in a provider network. In one embodiment of the invention, a first service provider network element receives CC messages from a first customer network at a first periodicity rate. The first service provider network element stores the received CC messages and reduces the first periodicity rate to create a second periodicity rate that is smaller than the first periodicity rate. The first service provider network element transmits CC messages to a second service provider network element through the provider network at the second periodicity rate. Other methods and apparatus are also described.

1. Field
Embodiments of the invention relate to the field of network processing; and more specifically to transmission of CC (Connectivity Check) messages.
2. Background
CC (Connectivity Check) messages, described in Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard 802.1ag-2007 "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks—Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks Amendment 5: Connectivity Fault Management", Dec. 17, 2007, are used to detect the status between points in a network (e.g., Maintenance End Points (MEPs)). The CC messages are multicast messages that are sent between the end points at a periodic rate (e.g., every 3.3 milliseconds). CC messages are sent by each endpoint that is being monitored within each service instance in an Ethernet service network (e.g., Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS), Provider Backbone Bridges (PBB) networks). The service instance may include endpoints across a wide area, such as in a Metro Area Network (MAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN). CC messages for the service instance may be transmitted across MAN or WAN links to reach the corresponding end point.
Typically, CC messages in an Ethernet service network are transmitted over the transport network (e.g., over MAN or WAN links) in a similar fashion as any other frame received over the service network. Thus, since CC messages are typically sent at a high periodic rate, and as the number of service instances increases, bandwidth of the transport network may be used to transmit a large number of CC messages.

Reducing CC message transmission in a provider network


The present invention provides an annular integral bolt heat shield and axial retention apparatus to axially retain bolts used for holding together two rotor elements during assembly when the bolts are otherwise subject to sliding into a closed cavity of the assembled engine or one of its modules. The integral retainer and heat shield engage the bolts disposed through bolt holes in a gas turbine engine rotor shaft so that the bolts remain straight during assembly when a second rotor element such as a second shaft is being attached to the first shaft and bolt holes in the second shaft have to engage and fit over the bolts of the first shaft. One particular embodiment of the present invention provides a low pressure turbine rotor shaft assembly of a low pressure turbine module wherein forward and aft shafts are attached by bolts which have bolt heads in a closed cavity of the module and are slidably disposed through corresponding bolt holes of each shaft such that the bolt heads are disposed aft of the aft shaft. An integral heat shield and axial bolt retainer is mounted to the aft shaft aft of the bolt heads so as to trap and retain the bolt heads between the shield and the aft shaft.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to gas turbine engine rotor attachment and particularly to heat shields and axial retention for bolts used to connect turbine shafts.
2. Description of Related Art
Gas turbine engines conventionally transfer rotational mechanical energy from turbine sections of the engine to the fan and compressor sections via shaft assemblies that are bolted together for easy assembly and disassembly. Ease of assembly and disassembly provides many benefits from a cost standpoint and enhance modular designs which have been developed to help ship and install gas turbine engines. Examples of such modular engines are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,842,595 entitled "Modular Gas Turbine Engine" by Smith et al and in U.S. Pat. No. 3,823,553 entitled "Gas Turbine With Selfcontained Power Turbine Module" by Smith, both assigned to the same assignee as the present invention.
Due to the large size of modern high bypass ratio fanjet engines, and particularly their fan sections, it has become useful to incorporate modularity into engine designs. Modularity enhances the engine's assembly and disassembly and facilitates shipment of the engine and its part for original installation, overhaul, repairs, and retrofitting.
Bolt assemblies to secure shaft sections for the low pressure turbine are often not accessible from the low pressure turbine are often not accessible from the rear during assembly. Axial bolt retention means are required during assembly because such bolt heads lie in closed cavities. Heat shielding the bolts from the hot gases passing through rear stages of the low pressure turbine is also highly desirable if not often required to prolong the useful life of the assembly and increase engine reliability.
Prior engine designs such as the one illustrated in FIG. 1 have incorporated split ring retainers 2 disposed in circumferential grooves 4 formed in the shank 6 of and to retain the bolt 8 which is used to attach a forward rotor element 10 to an aft rotor element 12. Another prior art design is illustrated in FIG. 2, and uses an individual bolt hook 14 to retain the bolt 8 which attaches forward rotor element 10 to aft rotor element 12. Yet another apparatus shown in the prior art is a retention clip disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,887,949 entitled "Bolt Retention Apparatus" by Dimmick, III et al. All of these designs add weight, increase the number of engine parts, and increase the complexity of the engine and assembly and disassembly procedures. Circumferential grooves reduce the shanks load carrying capability and split rings and clips are subject to and may also introduce undesirable engine vibrations.

Turbine heat shield and bolt retainer assembly


The invention provides materials and methods for the treatment of obesity and excess weight, diabetes, and other associated metabolic disorders. In particular, the invention provides novel acylated glucagon analog peptides effective in such methods. The peptides may mediate their effect by having increased selectivity for the GLP-1 receptor as compared to human glucagon.

Pre-proglucagon is a 158 amino acid precursor polypeptide that is differentially processed in the tissues to form a number of structurally related proglucagon-derived peptides, including glucagon (Glu), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), and oxyntomodulin (OXM). These molecules are involved in a wide variety of physiological functions, including glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion, gastric emptying and intestinal growth, as well as regulation of food intake.
Glucagon is a 29-amino acid peptide that corresponds to amino acids 53 to 81 of pre-proglucagon. Oxyntomodulin (OXM) is a 37 amino acid peptide which includes the complete 29 amino acid sequence of glucagon with an octapeptide carboxyterminal extension (amino acids 82 to 89 of pre-proglucagon, and termed "intervening peptide 1" or IP-1. The major biologically active fragment of GLP-1 is produced as a 30-amino acid, C-terminally amidated peptide that corresponds to amino acids 98 to 127 of pre-proglucagon.
Glucagon helps maintain the level of glucose in the blood by binding to glucagon receptors on hepatocytes, causing the liver to release glucose—stored in the form of glycogen—through glycogenolysis. As these stores become depleted, glucagon stimulates the liver to synthesize additional glucose by gluconeogenesis. This glucose is released into the bloodstream, preventing the development of hypoglycemia.
GLP-1 decreases elevated blood glucose levels by improving glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and promotes weight loss chiefly through decreasing food intake.
OXM is released into the blood in response to food ingestion and in proportion to meal calorie content. OXM has been shown to suppress appetite and inhibit food intake in humans (Cohen et al, Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 88, 4696-4701, 2003; WO 2003/022304). In addition to those anorectic effects, which are similar to those of GLP-1, OXM must also affect body weight by another mechanism, since rats treated with oxyntomodulin show less body weight gain than pair-fed rats (Bloom, Endocrinology 2004, 145, 2687). Treatment of obese rodents with OXM also improves their glucose tolerance (Parlevliet et al, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 294, E142-7, 2008) and suppresses body weight gain (WO 2003/022304). OXM activates both the glucagon and the GLP-1 receptors with a two-fold higher potency for the glucagon receptor over the GLP-1 receptor, but is less potent than native glucagon and GLP-1 on their respective receptors. Human glucagon is also capable of activating both receptors, though with a strong preference for the glucagon receptor over the GLP-1 receptor. GLP-1 on the other hand is not capable of activating glucagon receptors. The mechanism of action of oxyntomodulin is not well understood. In particular, it is not known whether some of the extrahepatic effects of the hormone are mediated through the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors, or through one or more unidentified receptors.
Other peptides have been shown to bind and activate both the glucagon and the GLP-1 receptor (Hjort et al, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 269, 30121-30124, 1994) and to suppress body weight gain and reduce food intake (see, for example, WO 2006/134340, WO 2007/100535, WO 2008/10101, WO 2008/152403, WO 2009/155257, WO 2009/155258, WO2010/070252, WO2010/070253, WO2010/070255, WO2010/070251, WO2011/006497, WO2011/160630, WO2011/160633, WO2013/092703, WO2014/041195, PCT/EP2014/072294 and PCT/EP2014/072293.
Obesity is a globally increasing health problem associated with various diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. As a result, obesity has been found to reduce life expectancy. According to 2005 projections by the World Health Organization there are 400 million adults (age >15) classified as obese worldwide. In the US, obesity is now believed to be the second-leading cause of preventable death after smoking.
The rise in obesity drives an increase in diabetes, and approximately 90% of people with type 2 diabetes may be classified as obese. There are 246 million people worldwide with diabetes, and by 2025 it is estimated that 380 million will have diabetes. Many have additional cardiovascular risk factors, including high/aberrant LDL and triglycerides and low HDL.


A control system for controlling an automotive automatic transmission which comprises a friction element operated by a hydraulic pressure. The control system comprises a first device for judging whether a gear change of the transmission is necessary or not in accordance with the running condition of the vehicle; a second device for lowering the hydraulic pressure when the first device judges a necessity of the gear change; a third device for increasing the hydraulic pressure when a difference between the maximum engine speed appearing after starting of gear change operation and a current engine speed is greater than a predetermined degree; and a fourth device for increasing the hydraulic pressure when a predetermined time passes from the time when the first device has judged the necessity of the gear change irrespective of operation of the third device.

This application has relation to U.S. patent applications Ser. Nos. 07/795,989 (filed Nov. 22, 1991), 07/850,283 (filed Mar. 12, 1992), 07/878,469 (filed May 5, 1992), 07/939,600 (filed Sep. 2, 1992), and 07/969,072 (filed Oct. 30, 1992).
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates in general to automotive automatic transmissions, and more particularly to a control system for controlling the automotive automatic transmissions.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In order to improve the transmission performance of automotive automatic transmissions, a control has been hitherto proposed in which, during gear change operation, a hydraulic pressure applied to friction elements such as clutches or the like is stepwisely changed. That is, at an initial stage of the gear change operation, the hydraulic pressure is reduced for smoothing starting of engagement of the friction element, and thereafter, the hydraulic pressure is increased for shortening the period of the gear change operation, and at a final stage, the hydraulic pressure is reduced again for reducing a select shock produced upon completion of engagement of the friction element. That is, during the gear change operation, the hydraulic pressure for the friction element is temporarily increased. Increasing the hydraulic pressure starts when the engine speed is lowered from a maximum speed by a predetermined degree (for example, about 150 rpm). With this measure, the gear change operation is smoothly achieved in a shortened period.
However, due to its inherent construction, the above-mentioned conventional control is compelled to show a drawback when the vehicle speed is relatively low and/or any trouble occurs in the vehicle. That is, under such condition, it takes a long time to reduce the engine speed by the predetermined degree, and thus, completion of the gear change operation takes a considerably long time.

Control system for automotive automatic transmission


A device for determining the annual solar exposure of a site which includes a wide angle viewer and a transparent screen having the paths of the sun at various times of year drawn on it, and with the viewer and screen fixed with respect to each other so that when one looks from north toward south through the viewer the paths of the sun at various times of the year are superimposed on the site being investigated.

It is frequently useful and sometimes essential to be able to determine the amount of exposure to sunlight a particular site will receive during the course of the year. When selecting the location for a home, it is desirable to know whether particular areas will be sunny in the winter or if overhanging roof portions will shield windows from the southern exposure of the sun in the summer. If the structure is to use a solar energy collector, it is essential to know whether the solar energy collector will be exposed to sunlight on a year-round basis. The path the sun travels can frequently pass behind trees, hills, or structures placing portions of a specific site in shadows at some time of the year and for some portion of each day. Such problems occur not only in the winter when the sun is near the horizon and would be obscured by hills or structures, but also in the summer when the sun would be obscured by overhanging tall trees under which it would shine during the winter.
It is not only important to know whether anything will obscure sunlight, but it is also important to know how long sunlight will be obscured and at what time of day. Sun shines most intensely around solar noon and collectors that store energy should be exposed to solar radiation at that time. It is sometimes apparent that a known obstruction such as a tree or a steeple will cause a certain site to be in its shadow at some portion of each day, but it is not readily determinable at what time of day that site will be in the shadow or for how long the sun will be obscured from that site.
It is evident that selecting the proper site for a structure on a lot can be of great value to get maximum sun exposure if it is desired, to get minimum sun exposure if it is desired, or to obtain shade or exposure only at particular times of the day or particular times of the year. Such information is also useful in deciding where to plant trees and what type of trees to plant in order to obtain shade in the proper place and at the proper time of day.
In the past, devices have been available to predict sun exposure for a particular site. These devices have either been very expensive instruments or handheld devices which depend on siting with the eye along two points much as one would look along the sites of a riffle. The former devices are too expensive and the latter are not accurate.


Microporous membrane materials suitable for use in electrolytic cells, such as cells for the electrolysis of brine to produce chlorine, are formed from a mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene, a particulate pore forming material and an organic fluorinated lubricant. Such materials are preferably formed into a sheet, which is rolled to a desired thickness, sintered and subjected to leaching out of the pore forming material.

Chlorine is produced almost entirely by electrolytic methods, primarily from aqueous solutions of alkali metal chlorides. In the electrolysis of such solutions or brines chlorine is generated at the anode and an alkali metal hydroxide, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, is produced at the cathode, together with hydrogen. Because the anode and cathode products should be kept apart to prevent reactions between them many cell designs have been developed to accomplish such separation. These designs have generally utilized either a diaphragm or a mercury intermediate electrode to separate the anolyte and catholyte.
In diaphragm cells brine is fed continuously into the cell and flows from the anode compartment through a diaphragm, such as an asbestos diaphragm, into the catholyte compartment, which contains, for example, an iron cathode. To minimize back-diffusion and migration, the flow rate is maintained so that only part of the salt present is electrolyzed. The hydrogen ions form hydrogen gas at the cathode, leaving hydroxyl ions there. The catholyte solution, which contains sodium hydroxide and unchanged sodium chloride, is subsequently evaporated to obtain the hydroxide. In the course of such evaporation much of the sodium chloride precipitates and is separated, redissolved and sent back to the electrolytic cell, often as an aqueous solution or brine feed to the anolyte compartment. The function of the diaphragm is to maintain a desirably high level of concentration of alkali in the catholyte, to minimize the diffusional migration of hydroxyl ions into the anolyte and to maintain separation of chlorine from hydrogen and alkali metal hydroxide. The diaphragm should also have minimal electrical resistance to lower the cost of power consumed in the electrolysis.
In the mercury electrode process, the cation, usually sodium ion, after conversion to metal at the cathode forms an alloy or amalgam with mercury. The amalgam flows or is pumped to a separate chamber in which it is allowed to undergo reaction, most often with water, to form hydrogen and a comparatively strong sodium hydroxide solution containing almost no sodium chloride.
The diaphragm process is inherently cheaper than the mercury process but because it does not provide chloride-free alkali additional processing steps are necessary when purified and/or concentrated alkali metal hydroxide is the desired product.
In an effort to improve the separating ability of the separating component of diaphragm cells it has been suggested that ion-exchanging membranes should be used in place of the diaphragms. Numerous membrane materials have been suggested and tried. For example, such membranes are described in U.S. Pat. No's. 2,636,851, 2,967,807 and 3,017,338 and in British Pat. No's. 1,184,321 and 1,199,952.
Such membranes are substantially impervious to hydraulic flow. During operation brine is introduced into the anolyte compartment, wherein chlorine is liberated. Then, in the case of a cation permselective membrane, sodium ions are transported across the membrane into the catholyte compartment. The concentration of the relatively pure caustic produced in the catholyte compartment is determined by the amount of water added to this compartment from an external source and by migration of water in the cell, i.e., by osmosis and/or electro-osmosis. While operation of a membrane cell has many theoretical advantages, its commercial application to the production of chlorine and caustic has been hindered, sometimes because of erratic operating characteristics thereof. A number of disadvantages has been noted when these membranes are used, including a relatively high electrical resistance, oxidative degeneration and poor permselectivity, as well as their relatively high cost.
As an alternative to asbestos diaphragms and impermeable ion exchange membranes the industry has sought a suitable porous or microporous plastic diaphragm material. Such a material is a thin electrically conductive chemically resistant plastic sheet having the desired porosity. Numerous references may be found relating to such membrane materials. Mention may be made more particularly of the following patents which employ techniques of compression preforming followed by fritting or sintering, coagulation and deposition on a support.
French Pat. No. 1,491,033, of Aug. 31, 1966, relates to a process for manufacturing porous diaphragms by mixing a solid additive in particulate form into an aqueous dispersion of polytetrafluoroethylene in the presence of particulate inorganic fillers, coagulating the dispersion, forming the resultant coagulum into sheet form and removing the particulate solid additive from the sheet. The removable particulate additive generally is starch or calcium carbonate and is removable by immersion of the resultant sheet in hydrochloric acid. Alternatively, the additive may also be a plastic polymer or other suitable material which is soluble in an organic solvent, depolymerizable, evaporable or otherwise removable upon heating of the sheet or leaching thereof. Particulate inorganic fillers which are suitable include barium sulfate, titanium dioxide and asbestos.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,890,417, issued June 17, 1975, teaches a method of manufacturing a porous diaphragm comprising preparing an aqueous slurry or dispersion comprising polytetrafluoroethylene and a solid particulate additive, thickening the aqueous slurry or dispersion to effect agglomeration of the solid particles therein, forming a dough-like material containing sufficient water to serve as a lubricant in subsequent sheet forming operations, forming a sheet of desired thickness and removing the solid particulate additive from the sheet. The solid particulate additive can be any which is substantially insoluble in water, but which is removable by a suitable chemical or physical means. Examples given are starch and calcium carbonate.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,281,511, issued Oct. 25, 1966, discloses preparing microporous polytetrafluoroethylene resin sheets by mixing a fine polytetrafluoroethylene powder with a carrier and a readily removable filler material and rolling the resulting dough with intermediate reorientation so that the particles are biaxially oriented. The solvent is then evaporated and the polytetrafluoroethylene is sintered at above its melting temperature, followed by removal of the filler with an appropriate solvent. The carrier material is a readily vaporizable material, such as a naphtha or petroleum distillate, e.g., Stoddard solvent, which is a standard petroleum distillate having a flash point not lower than 38.degree. C., consisting mostly of saturated hydrocarbons.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,556,161, issued Jan. 19, 1971, relates to polytetrafluoroethylene sheet materials formed by the "slipforming" process, comprising mixing polytetrafluoroethylene powder with a liquid, such as kerosene, and then sequentially working the resultant composition by the application of concurrent compressive stress and shear stress, the sequence of operations being directed so that the shear stress components are distributed substantially biaxially, resulting in planar orientation in the resulting article. As is the case with the material of U.S. Pat. No. 3,281,511, the sheet material formed is biaxially oriented.
Although these and other well known techniques may result in the production of useful "diaphragm" or microporous sheet materials, in the case of products that are desirably rich in polytetrafluoroethylene they have not been capable of producing membranes of satisfactory mechanical properties, i.e., proper porosity and good wettability.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel and improved method of making microporous separators suitable for use in electrolytic cells. It is also an object of the invention to provide an improved separator for use in chlor-alkali cells and fuel cells, which has a low electrical resistance and behaves like a porous medium having a desirable porosity which permits both the passage of electric current and the uniform and controllable flow of electrolyte from one compartment of a cell to another.


An apparatus for cooking at least one egg with an eggshell, comprises a housing provided with a device for providing microwave radiation in a confined space in the housing and a holder located in the confined space. The holder is provided with at least one cavity adapted to the shape of the egg with the eggshell. The holder comprises at least a first holder part and a second holder part being movable with respect to each other between a first position in which an egg with an eggshell can be positioned in the cavity to a second position wherein the holder parts enclose the cavity. The apparatus further comprises means to insert a liquid into the holder for filling the cavity with the liquid to at least partly surround the eggshell of the egg located in the cavity. The apparatus comprises a container for holding the liquid and a dosing unit to add at least one component to the liquid.

By such an apparatus which is known from WO2012002814A1, an egg is placed in a cavity of the holder. Next, water is allowed to access the holder. The holder is provided with salt in a matrix in order to be mixed into the water.
A disadvantage of this known apparatus is that for each egg a new matrix needs to be placed in the cavity.


A tooth-positioning appliance for closing spaces has at least two appliance segments, each segment having a thin elastomeric shell with recesses for removably engaging a set of teeth, and tooth-clasping elements for removably engaging bonded attachments protruding from the teeth. One of the appliance segments includes a flat receptacle extending horizontally on the thin shell of the appliance segment, and the other appliance segment has a thin elongated tab extending laterally from the second appliance segment spanning the space to be closed, and in sliding engagement with the flat receptacle of the other appliance segment. An activating element is connected between the appliance segments to exert a force to change the size of the space between the sets of teeth as the tab slides with respect to the flat receptacle.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to the field of orthodontics. More specifically, the present invention discloses a tooth-positioning appliance for closing a space between teeth.
Statement of the Problem
A wide variety of orthodontic aligners have been used for many years in repositioning teeth during orthodontic treatment. It should be noted that the terms "aligner", "positioner" and "tooth-positioning appliance" are largely synonymous as used in the orthodontic field.
This type of orthodontic treatment typically involves separate tooth-positioning appliances for the upper and lower teeth. The tooth-positioning appliances fit over the teeth, covering nearly all of the facial and lingual surfaces, and also most of the occlusal, or biting surfaces of the teeth. The early positioners described in the prior art were made from a set of plaster models derived from three-dimensional negative dental impressions of the patient's teeth. The plaster dental models were modified by cutting the teeth apart using a small jeweler's saw or rotary cutting discs and repositioning the plaster teeth in a better, straighter, desired arrangement, and holding the teeth in the new arrangement by using dental wax. The reset teeth molds provide the basis for manufacturing the positioners. The resilience of the material from which the positioner is made provides the energy to move the teeth from their original position toward the new straightened position. From the earliest disclosure of the tooth positioner, many of the proposed designs in the prior art have shown moving the teeth in a series of incremental steps. Making a series of appliances is difficult if the tooth arrangement for each step must be made by hand using plaster and wax.
Starting in the early 1990's, digital technologies have begun to provide orthodontists with fundamentally new tools for delivering orthodontic treatment by fabricating tooth models in small but accurate incremental steps. Commercially-available CAD/CAM (computer-aided design and manufacturing) software can produce the desired tooth models, from which a progressive series of appliances can be manufactured. These tools include 3D imaging of the patient's dentition, and CAD/CAM systems for creating virtual models in orthodontic treatment to then produce customized orthodontic appliances.
An example of the successful orthodontic application of these digital technologies is seen in the commercial service known as the Invisalign® program by Align Technology, Inc. of San Jose, Calif. The Invisalign program is largely based on U.S. Pat. No. 5,975,893 (Chishti et al.) and many related patents, including U.S. Pat. No. 6,398,548 (Muhammad et al.). Invisalign tooth positioners are a progressive series of thin, transparent, U-shaped plastic appliances formed over computer-generated forming patterns grown from a virtual model of the patient's dental anatomy. The process for forming aligners uses a combination of vacuum, pressure and heat. This forming process is informally referred to within the orthodontic laboratory community as the "suck down" process.
In order to produce a series of Invisalign-type tooth aligners, a technician first scans a patient's upper and lower model set to obtain CAD-manipulatable virtual models of a patient's dental anatomy. Alternative methods for obtaining a 3-D virtual image of a patient's dental anatomy include: (1) using an industrial C-T machine to directly scan a negative 3-D impression made from a stable silicone rubber or polyvinyl siloxane material without pouring up a plaster model (the method currently favored by Invisalign) or (2) directly light-scanning a negative impression made from any material of the patient's teeth; or (3) directly scanning the patient's teeth with an intra-oral scanner. All of these methods are currently available and widely used. A model set normally consists of one upper and one lower plaster model of the teeth, palate and gums. Once the virtual model of the original malocclusion has been obtained, a technician will then undertake steps involving extensive manipulation of the virtual malocclusion. This involves extensive repositioning of the teeth according to a comprehensive and sequential procedure, ultimately arriving at a finished or ideal occlusion for that patient. The finished occlusion in the virtual model is consistent with the complete repositioning of the patient's upper and lower occlusion that would result at the end of successful conventional orthodontic treatment.
After the steps described above are accomplished, the technician possesses two versions of the patient's teeth available within the virtual CAD environment. One version represents the original malocclusion and the other represents the ideal occlusion. In other words, the technician has the beginning and the end states.
The next step in the Invisalign process involves the creation of an incremental, progressive series of physical forming models. Each of these forming models represents a snapshot of the patient's future occlusion at specific incremental steps along the patient's proposed treatment sequence between the beginning and the end conditions as described above. To accomplish this, the technician creates a virtual "first transition model" that sees a slight repositioning of all or most of the teeth. This first transition model sees some or all of the teeth being subtly moved from their original pre-treatment positions to a virtual first transition position that is in the direction of their intended finished positions. Similarly, a second virtual transition model is created that sees the virtual teeth being moved again slightly further in the desired directions. The objective of the Invisalign technician is to create a series of progressive models, each biased slightly further than the previous one, and each moving the teeth slightly closer to their finished target positions. A final forming model will take the teeth from the series of transition positions and move them into their final, desired positions.
Once such a series of virtual intermediate forming models has been created and a final forming model has been created by the Invisalign technician, the digital code representing each of the models in the series is directed to operate a computer numerically-controlled (CNC) machine known as a rapid prototyping machine. Within a rapid prototyping machine, the series of physical forming models are grown using any of number of conventional processes, such as stereo lithography or 3D printing. The growing step results in the production of hard, physical duplicates of each of the series of virtual intermediate models and the final model.
The next step of the Invisalign process sees each of the series of physical models being in turn mounted in a suck-down machine where a combination of pressure, heat and vacuum is used to form the actual series of progressive aligners from plastic sheet material of a constant thickness. Once the series of progressive aligners are formed and trimmed, they are sequentially labeled, packaged and shipped to the attending orthodontist. The orthodontist then schedules an appointment for the patient, at which time the aligners and instructions for their use are given to the patient. The patient is instructed to wear the first set of aligners for a period of time, typically two weeks. After that, the first set is discarded and the patient transitions to the next set of the series and so on.
The aligners serve to urge the patient's teeth to move according to the positional biases created virtually by the Invisalign technician. The teeth are progressively biased and urged to move in desired directions toward their predetermined finished positions by the resilience of the polymeric material of the aligner. In response to the forces delivered by the aligners, certain physiological processes involving the creation and resorbtion of the bone supporting the roots of the teeth are initiated. The net result is the slow, progressive orthodontic movement of the roots of the teeth through the underlying bone toward desirable positions and orientations.
Progressive thin-shell aligners have proven to be very effective in treating some types of orthodontic cases, but they have shortcomings in other situations. In particular, a significant percentage of orthodontic treatments require tooth extractions for various reasons, such as severe crowding of the patient's teeth. Percentages are reported to range from 25% to 50% in some practices.
When severe dental crowding is present, the teeth most often removed to create space are the first premolars. Orthodontists do not like removing anterior teeth (cuspids or incisors) primarily because they are highly visible, but even after all extraction spaces are closed, it is often obvious if an anterior tooth is missing unless the teeth can be reshaped. The front teeth have a distinctive appearance and other teeth substituted in their place often don't quite fit there. On the other hand, removal of large molar teeth presents difficulties with space closure and usually the crowding is in the front part of the mouth. Removing two or four premolars (the teeth in the middle of each side) allows a satisfactory appearance and is more easily accomplished. Occasionally, for various reasons, orthodontists may still find it necessary to remove either anterior teeth or molars, and occasionally these teeth are already missing prior to orthodontic treatment.
Closing significant spaces in orthodontics presents a challenge, whether the spaces were produced by extracting teeth as part of the orthodontic treatment plan, or whether the spaces were present prior to treatment.
Orthodontists usually want to completely close extraction sites by moving the teeth on either side of the extraction site together, and it is desired to have parallel roots on all of the teeth after the extraction sites have been closed. With conventional aligners, as the teeth adjacent to the extraction site are moved, the crowns of the teeth tend to tip toward each other, and the roots, where the greatest resistance to movement is encountered, tend to trail behind. The problem is caused primarily by poor engagement of the aligner on teeth that are adjacent to tooth extraction sites. The other teeth, farther away from the extraction sites also tend to tip as well, again because the aligner does not engage the teeth very well. In other words, the roots fail to move as much as the crowns of the teeth move. Therefore, a need exists for a removable orthodontic appliance that can be used during the space-closure stage of treatment without tipping adjacent teeth into the extraction sites.
Solution to the Problem. The present invention addresses this shortcoming in the prior art by providing a removable appliance for use in the space-closure stage of orthodontic treatment. It is capable of closing spaces without tipping teeth with a similar degree of control to that achieved with fixed braces. In particular, the present appliance is divided into anterior and posterior appliance segments on groups of teeth on either side of the extraction sites. Each appliance segment removably engages a selected set of teeth aided by attachments bonded to the teeth. Elongated, thin elastomeric tabs extend laterally from selected appliance segments to span the extraction sites and slide in corresponding flat receptacles (e.g., tubes or molded plastic receptacles) specially shaped to receive the tabs on other appliance segments. These elastomeric tabs allow relative anterior-posterior movement of the appliance segments and their associated groups of teeth to close the extraction sites. The flat shape of the tabs and slots, and the strength of the appliance segments result in an assembly that is fairly rigid in a vertical plane. This provides improved leverage to keep teeth in an upright position and to prevent the tipping of adjacent teeth into the extraction sites.

Tooth-positioning appliance for closing spaces


A high-fidelity voice/audio communication system including a high-fidelity SLIC (HSLIC) device that combines traditional BORSCHT functionality with high fidelity sampling and compression techniques. The HSLIC preferably resides on a single plug-in line card contained within a multi-cards chassis. The line card includes an analog interface that connects to a two-wire subscriber line, a high fidelity codec for sampling the analog signal at a high resolution and converting high rate digital signals to an analog signal, a voice processing client running on a microprocessor and associated digital memory. The high fidelity codec preferably has a sample rate of at least twenty thousand samples per second, and no less that 250 quantization levels. The voice processing client preferably includes an Internet Protocol (IP) processing client, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) client, a Real Time Protocol (RTP) client, and other components of a communication protocol stack for establishing a connection over a packet based network by way of the network interface circuit. The line card establishes a high fidelity audio connection by sending an invite request to a proxy server; receiving an okay signal indicating that the request was received; sending an acknowledge signal; quantizing audio information at a sampling rate greater than twenty thousand samples per second with a resolution of no less than 4096 quantization levels; and, packetizing the quantized data for transmission to a remote device.

This invention relates in general to telephony communication networks and more particularly, it is directed to providing a system capable of hi-fidelity audio transmission over existing switched circuit and packet networks.
The public switched telephone network (PSTN) was designed during the 1970s. It operates by converting a user""s voice to digital information by sampling the analog waveform, transmitting the digital information through the network, and converting it back to an analog waveform at the destination location. A subscriber line interface card (SLIC) typically samples the subscriber""s signal at the central office (CO) or other similar facility such as a private branch exchange (PBX). The SLIC samples the audio waveform at a rate of 8 kHz, and produces eight-bit octets for each sample using coding schemes known as xcexc-law or A-law, resulting in a total bit rate of 64 KBPS. These data bits are transmitted through the network, and at the distant end location the remote SLIC reconstructs the analog signal for analog transmission to the remote subscriber. The sampling rate and quantization scheme used by SLIC devices were chosen to provide acceptable quality voice transmission.
The 8 kHz sampling rate used by the PSTN provides reconstruction of signals up to approximately 4 kHz. However, the human ear is capable of discerning signals with energy content up to approximately 20 kHz, and the human voice can generate sounds up to about 10 kHz. The PSTN audio transmission capabilities, while adequate for subscriber-to-subscriber communication and message comprehension, are well below human capacities with respect to dynamic range and frequency content.
In the existing PSTN, each telephone or other communication device (xe2x80x9csubscriber unitxe2x80x9d) is typically interconnected by a pair of wires (xe2x80x9ctipxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9cringxe2x80x9d wires or, cooperatively, xe2x80x9csubscriber lines,xe2x80x9d xe2x80x9csubscriber loopxe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cphone linesxe2x80x9d) through a series of equipment to a switch at a local telephone CO. At the CO, the tip and ring lines are interconnected to a SLIC, which provides required functionality to the subscriber unit. The switches at the central offices are interconnected to provide a network of switches thereby providing communications between, e.g., a local subscriber and a remote subscriber.
The functions served by the SLIC are commonly referred to as BORSCHT functionality, an acronym for Battery supply (or talking battery), Overvoltage protection, Ringing current supply, Supervision of subscriber terminal, Coder and decoder (Codec), Hybrid (2-wire to 4-wire conversion), and Testing. Generally, these functions include talking battery, ring voltage, ring trip, off-hook detection, and call progress signals such as ringback, busy, and dial tone. In many business office environments, the small-scale function of a central office is assumed by a PBX system, which, in turn, may include a number of SLICs to provide interconnected subscriber units with the required functionality.
Analog subscriber units generate and receive analog signals. While most modern telephone networks are digital and route digital signals from point to point, the subscriber units are still predominantly analog. This is possible because, as mentioned above, the analog signal generated by an analog subscriber unit is converted to digital form for transmission through the network, and is converted at the remote location back to analog form for transmission over the subscriber loop for reception by a remote analog subscriber unit. The analog signals generated and received by analog subscriber units generally take the form of voice frequency signals for end-to-end communications between local and remote subscriber units. Such signals generally represent human speech, or may be modulated signals which are treated by the phone network as if they were ordinary speech signals.
Other analog signals generated or received at the analog subscriber units are supervisory signals that are not intended for transmission to a remote terminal. Rather, they are designed to communicate with the network to enable functions such as call initiation, call progress indication, and call termination. These signals include those provided by, or through, a SLIC such as (i) xe2x80x9ctalk battery voltagexe2x80x9d which provides power to the analog subscriber unit, (ii) xe2x80x9cring voltagexe2x80x9d which is a relatively high voltage indicative of an incoming call, (iii) call progress tones such as dial tone, busy tone, and ringback tone. These various signals and tones will be described below.
The subscriber line interface circuit provides DC power, or xe2x80x9ctalk batteryxe2x80x9d power, along the phone lines to enable operation of circuitry in subscriber units connected to those lines. Most analog telephone systems work on DC (direct current) power. Typically, the talking battery voltage on analog phone lines is between 5 (off-hook) and 48 volts (on-hook). Talking battery must provide sufficient voltage to enable analog telephones to perform functions such as amplification and sound pickup as well as other phone circuits such as DTMF keypads and speakerphone operation. The talking battery power supply should always be available to an analog telephone, in the event the phone is placed in an off-hook, or closed-circuit state.
A subscriber line interface circuit provides a ring voltage signal to the analog subscriber unit to cause the analog phone to ring in the event of an incoming telephone call. Analog phone systems recognize a ring voltage signal placed on the phone lines by the SLIC, and in turn generate an audible electronic or mechanical ring sound to alert the subscriber of an incoming call. In order to ensure that an analog phone will recognize the ring voltage signal, the ring voltage is required to be 70 to 90 volts (or 140 to 180 volts peak-to-peak AC) at a frequency of 17 to 20 Hz.
A SLIC also passes call progress tones such as dial tone, busy tone, and ringback tone to the subscriber unit. For the convenience of the subscriber who is initiating the call, these tones are provided by the central office as an indication of call status. When the calling subscriber lifts the handset, or when the subscriber unit otherwise generates an xe2x80x9coff hookxe2x80x9d condition, the central office generates a dial tone and supplies it to the calling subscriber unit to indicate the availability of phone service. After the calling subscriber has dialed a phone number of the remote (answering) subscriber unit, the SLIC passes a ring back sound directed to the calling subscriber to indicate that the network is taking action to signal the remote subscriber, i.e., that the remote subscriber is being rung. Alternatively, if the network determines that the remote subscriber unit is engaged in another call (or is already off-hook), the network generates a busy tone directed to the calling subscriber unit.
The SLIC also acts to identify the status of, or interpret signals generated by, the analog subscriber unit. For example, the SLIC provides xe2x88x9248 volts on the ring line, and 0 volts on the tip line, to the subscriber unit. The analog subscriber unit provides an open circuit when in the on-hook condition. In a xe2x80x9cloop startxe2x80x9d circuit, the analog subscriber unit generates an off-hook condition by providing a termination, i.e., by closing, or xe2x80x9cloopingxe2x80x9d the tip and ring to form a complete electrical circuit. This off-hook condition is detected by the SLIC (whereupon a dial tone is provided to the subscriber). Most residential circuits are configured as loop start circuits. Some countries, however, have other requirements. Germany, for example, requires a ground to be applied on an additional lead that acts as a control signal.
The SLIC must also be able to detect the off-hook condition during application of ring voltage. That is, when a call is incoming and the SLIC is providing the high amplitude ring voltage signal to the analog subscriber unit, the SLIC must be able to detect when the analog subscriber unit goes off-hook to answer the call. This is known as xe2x80x9cring trip.xe2x80x9d The SLIC must immediately cease the ring voltage signal upon detection of the off-hook condition, and provide the analog subscriber unit with the voice channel signals originating from the distant end subscriber unit.
The SLIC must also pass Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) signals generated by the analog subscriber unit to the network. This signaling format is a well known method of providing dialing information. Each number on a keypad array is represented by two separate tones, one tone identifying the column, and the other representing the row. Together, two tones uniquely identify a digit. These tones are passed along to the network by the SLIC.
The PSTN has also been used to convey pure data signals. This has been done successfully by using voice-grade modems such as V.34, pure digital DDS services, and hybrid services such as V.90 and V.91. Of course, because the PSTN infrastructure was designed with the digital channel capacity of 64 Kbps in mind, the PSTN is inherently limited in its data throughput rate and has become increasingly insufficient to handle today""s data communication needs. The development and widespread use of alternative data communication networks, such as those utilized by the internet, which is a world-wide network of computers over high-capacity communication links, has brought with it an expansion in the uses for such networks. Recently, the transmission of voice data over such high-speed data networks has become quite popular.
Present day IP telephones transport voice over a network using data packets instead of circuit switched connections over voice only networks. IP Telephony refers to the transfer of voice over the Internet Protocol (IP) of the TCP/IP protocol suite. The terms Voice over IP (VoIP) or xe2x80x9cIP Telephonyxe2x80x9d are generally used when referring to voice over any packet network. IP Telephones originally existed in the form of client software running on multimedia PCs and provided low-cost communications over the Internet. These systems suffered from low quality voice communication due largely to the intermittent data throughput rates, resulting in excessive delay, variable delay and network congestion resulting in lost packets.
Even in such modem data communication systems capable of high throughput connections, by design, the quality of the voice signals are only comparable to that obtained with the legacy 64 Kbps xcexc-law and A-law coding schemes. Disclosed herein is a system that provides high-fidelity voice/audio transmission that overcomes the sound quality limitations associated with the existing PSTN communication system and existing VoIP systems.
In accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention, a high-fidelity voice/audio communication system is provided. According to an aspect of the illustrative embodiment, a high-fidelity SLIC (HSLIC) device is provided that combines traditional BORSCHT functionality with high fidelity sampling and compression techniques. The HSLIC preferably resides on a single plug-in line card contained within a multi-card chassis. The line card includes an analog interface that connects to a two-wire subscriber line, a high fidelity codec for sampling the analog signal at a high resolution and converting high rate digital signals to an analog signal, a voice processing client running on a microprocessor and associated digital memory. The voice-processing client forms data packets and forwards them, via a network interface circuit, to a communication network for transmission to a distant end subscriber. The high fidelity codec preferably has a sample rate of at least twenty thousand samples per second, and no less than 4096 quantization levels, and up to a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz with 65,536 quantization levels.
The voice processing client preferably includes an Internet Protocol (IP) processing client, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) client, a Real Time Protocol (RTP) client, and other components of a communication protocol stack for establishing a connection over a packet based network by way of the network interface circuit, such as UDP and IP. The high fidelity line card preferably provides line voltage and signals to operate a standard POTS subscriber device, where the standard POTS subscriber device may or may not provide enhanced sound characteristics, such as a broadband frequency microphone and speaker. The data packets preferably contain compressed data samples, where the compression algorithm, is a negotiated configuration parameter. Further parameters include the codec type and IP address.
The line card establishes a high fidelity audio connection by obtaining the address of the called party; sending an invite request to the called party; receiving an okay signal indicating that the request was received; sending an acknowledge signal; quantizing audio information at a sampling rate greater than twenty thousand samples per second with a resolution of no less than 4096 quantization levels; and, packetizing the quantized data for transmission to a remote device.


Label-like, hermetically-sealed perfume pouch samplers with artwork on their top surface and a pressure sensitive adhesive bottom surface. The adhesive bottom surface may be employed to attach the pouch labels to pages of a magazine or other mailer, providing an efficient method of mass distribution of perfume samples. The fragrance is stored in a perfume-releasing article such as an ultraviolet radiation-cured perfume-doped polymer, or a fragrance-laden polymer gel of modified cellulosic, ethyl alcohol, fragrance oil, an antioxidant, and water, surrounded by two perfume impervious sealed barrier layers. There is disclosed a method of manufacturing the perfume pouch labels on a support web that can be wound onto rolls from which the pouch labels may be readily released and applied rapidly and precisely to advertising pages.

The field of this invention is distribution systems for sampling perfume, particularly sample pouches designed to carry small amounts of perfume for advertising purposes, for example as inserts in fashion magazines or as point-of-purchase samplers.
Compositions and devices designed to distribute a "sample" amount of a fragrance to potential customers are known. These known devices generally hold a perfume sample in a magazine where they either emit the fragrance continuously or contain the perfume in a fragile package. However, each of the known devices has some disadvantage which may include high cost, inadequate rate of and/or premature release of fragrance, difficulty in forming and maintaining a desired shape, or difficulty in preserving the quality of the fragrance in the sampling device.
One established device for sampling perfume delivered in magazines is known in the trade as the "Scent Strip". The process for making these devices involves microencapsulation of the fragrance in a manner similar to the microencapsulation of inks in carbonless forms. One drawback of these microcapsules is that they are fragile and tend to burst during shipping and handling of the magazines, resulting in unintentional release of fragrance.
Processing conditions for making devices which encapsulate perfume, such as heat, pressure, and chemical agents may make it difficult to maintain the integrity of the desired fragrance within the device. These disadvantages have led to a continuing search for improvements in fragrance-sample containers or devices.
When used in conjunction with a mailed article such as a magazine, a perfume pouch must remain firmly secured during transport. Firm adherence ensures that the pouch will actually reach the user. Further, it must remain sealed until opened by the user, to protect the user from unwanted release of fragrance. Of course, a good seal protects the perfume from leakage or contamination that could degrade the fragrance and quality of the pouch itself.
One possible method of securing a perfume emitting article to the page of a mailer is by an adhesive layer on the bottom side of the article. However, many known fragrances or perfumes used in conjunction with perfume emitting devices, especially oil based fragrances, can migrate to and/or through the adhesive layer that attaches the article to its position on a surface. The fragrance oil can mix with the adhesive as well as degrading the fragrance in the containing device. Fragrance oils can also "bleed through" to the mailer page.
A recent development in the technology of fragrance sampling is the perfume patch disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,880,690, assigned to the assignee of the present invention, and whose disclosure is incorporated herein by reference to that patent. The perfume patch of that patent includes a barrier layer to prevent migration of the fragrances to an adhesive layer that attaches the patch to its position on a surface, such as the skin of a wearer or a page of a magazine, thereby preserving the internal strength of the adhesive and preventing unintentional release of fragrance.
However, neither that patent nor any other prior art known teaches an inexpensive, tightly-sealed fragrance sampler which can be manufactured readily, shipped, and handled without premature release of fragrance, then peeled for a sampling of the fragrance. The prior art also does not teach a mailable perfume pouch sampler of that type which also has artwork on its top surface, and which can be readily and precisely applied to a magazine page so as to become a part of the larger artwork on the magazine page.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a tightly sealed and well-constructed mailable perfume pouch and pouch label containing fragrance oil without degrading the fragrance oil or the quality of the fragrance emitted.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a tightly sealed perfume pouch label that will not rapture or leak perfume, nor be exposed to air, during transport or handling.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a perfume pouch label that will remain firmly attached to a mailer or other surface during transport and handling so that a potential purchaser of the perfume can open the pouch label and sample the perfume.
Also another object of the present invention is to provide a well-sealed perfume pouch label whose perfume-containing member can be removed from a magazine and sampled.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an efficient and economical method of manufacturing a well-sealed perfume pouch label with artwork on its top surface and which can be readily applied to a surface such as a magazine page.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive means to entice potential perfume customers to sample perfume.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a perfume containing pouch label that offers an advertiser more creativity in allowing the pouch label to be printed and die cut to match or become part of the advertising art.
Still another object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive yet effective means for disseminating sample quantities of perfume through the mail and/or as a magazine insert in a structure which can be opened to release the fragrance.

Fragrance-laden pouch samplers and process for their manufacture