In a system for transmitting print data from a server apparatus for forming the print data to a client apparatus and performing print based on the print data, it is an object of the invention to improve security of printed matter by inhibiting reprint using the print data stored in the client apparatus and improve operability upon reprinting.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a network data processing system including client apparatuses and a server apparatus which are connected via a network such as Internet or the like, wherein the server apparatus forms data to print a document such as a slip or the like on the basis of a request from the client apparatus and transmits the formed data to the client apparatus.
2. Related Background Art
In recent years, with the spread of the Internet, there is a tendency such that office work is done by the Web, and print work of a slip and the like is no exception. It has become common that the slips of high quality are printed by an instruction from a Web browser. In such a case, a Web server forms print data to print the slip and distributes it to a client side.
On the client side, after a printing apparatus prints the print data, the print data is under the management of the client. Therefore, the printing apparatus can reprint on the basis of the print data. However, if printed matter is a sheet such as receipt, certificate, or the like whose security is important and which is not allowed to be pluralized, after a normal finish of the print, it is necessary to erase the print data on the client.
On the other hand, there is a case where it is demanded that the reprint can be performed. In such a case, a system needs to cope with the reprint. Therefore, hitherto, in the case of performing the reprint, under a severe watch in the conduct of business, the user reinputs data for forming a slip by the Web browser and the Web server remakes the print data.

Data processing method, program, and data processing system for reprinting template and slip data


A method and machine for repairing overhead cam engine cylinder heads. The method includes the steps of removing the caps from the bases of the bearing towers or housings, removing material from the legs of the caps to reduce their height, replacing the caps on the bases, and boring the resulting bearings to produce bearings of the proper diameter. The machine includes a device for machining a bearing cap and a device for boring the bearings. The device for boring the bearings has a boring bar that is supported only at opposite ends of the cylinder head. The bar does not sag or chatter because it is made of an extremely hard and dense material such as a dense tungsten alloy or a ceramic-coated metal.

The present invention relates generally to devices for machining or rebuilding internal combustion engines and, more specifically, to devices for boring engine overhead camshaft cylinder heads.
The cylinder heads of overhead cam engines have bearings for supporting the camshaft. Each bearing is located in a tower that positions the camshaft relative to the cylinder head. The most commonly used type of bearing consists only of the interior surface of the tower. Typically, between two and seven bearings and corresponding towers are distributed along the length of the camshaft in the cylinder head. Each tower comprises a portion that is formed integrally with the remainder of the cylinder head. In a few types of cylinder heads, the entire tower is integrally formed with the cylinder head. Such a tower completely encircles the camshaft with the inner surface of the tower forming the bearing. However, in most types of cylinder heads, the tower is in two sections, the base portion of which is formed integrally with the cylinder head. The camshaft is supported between a semicircular bearing surface in the base portion and a corresponding semicircular bearing surface in the cap. The cap is secured to the base portion using two bolts.
The camshaft rotates smoothly so long as the bearings remain aligned along the camshaft axis of rotation. The cylinder head may, however, warp as a result of engine overheating. In every case, this warpage results in a concave deformation of the cylinder head. In addition, the bearings may wear over time as a result of use. Both cylinder head warping and bearing wear may cause the camshaft to vibrate and ultimately may prevent the camshaft from turning at all, or the camshaft bearings may wear so quickly and severely that the oil pressure drops, causing engine failure. Thus, it is apparent that when cylinder head warpage and bearing wear occurs, the camshaft bearings must be repaired in order to avoid costly repairs or engine replacement.
A line boring machine is a device having a table, a rotating steel boring spindle or boring bar, and a motor connected to the bar. The cylinder head is secured to the table, which functions as a reference plane. The boring bar is received horizontally through all the cylinder head bearings. The boring bar has mounting recesses distributed along its length for receiving cutting bits. In conventional boring bars, the mounting recesses are arranged along a common line parallel to the bar's axis. One bit is mounted adjacent each tower. The machine includes drive mechanisms for rotating the bar and moving the bar longitudinally along its axis of rotation. The bar is simultaneously rotated and fed longitudinally. Each cutting bit engages a bearing and removes metal to enlarge the bearing diameter. The cylinder head may then be removed from the machine. In order to provide the proper bearing diameter to meet OEM specifications, "repair bearings," which are annular inserts, usually made of steel, having an inside diameter equal to the proper diameter for the camshaft bearings and an outside diameter approximately equal to the diameter of the newly enlarged bearing, are inserted into the enlarged bearings and are retained by the resulting friction-fit. The camshaft may then be re-inserted through the repair bearings.
The use of repair bearings has several disadvantages. The friction-fit holding the repair bearings may loosen, allowing the repair bearings to rotate with respect to the cylinder head. Such rotation will quickly result in engine failure and require further repairs. In addition, heat conduction between the cylinder head, which is typically aluminum, and the steel repair bearings is poor and may prevent heat generated by the camshaft friction from dissipating properly into the cylinder head. The non-uniform heat distribution and the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the two metals increase the risk of loss of adhesion between the repair bearings and the cylinder head.
The use of the line boring machine described above to repair camshaft bearings creates a problem. The boring bar and its cutting bits must remain precisely axially aligned with the bearings during the process. In prior art line boring machines, the boring bar must be supported because the effect of gravity on the horizontal bar tends to sag or bow downward, thereby preventing it from boring along a perfectly straight axis.
Line boring machines attempt to minimize this problem by supporting the bar at multiple points along its length. The line boring machine includes multiple support arms that have bearings in which the bar rotates. When a cylinder head is mounted on the table of the machine, the arms extend between the towers. If the towers are spaced closely together, however, as is common in small engines, insufficient space exists between the towers to accommodate an arm. Moreover, both the distance between the arms and the distance between each arm and the table can be adjusted. It is therefore both time-consuming and difficult to obtain the required alignment among all of the arms.
Another solution that has been attempted involves supporting the boring bar by the two camshaft bearings at the extreme ends of the cylinder head. A bearing ring is inserted into each end bearing, and the boring bar is inserted through the bearing rings. This method is not effective, however, if the end bearings are themselves in poor alignment with each other. When this method is used, the end bearings tend to wear more quickly than the other bearings. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the method decreases with increasing cylinder head length.
These problems and deficiencies are clearly felt in the art and are solved by the present invention in the manner described below.

Method for boring overhead cam engine cylinder heads


A hybrid plate-fin heat exchanger for exchanging heat between a first fluid and a second fluid is disclosed. The hybrid plate-fin heat exchanger comprises a plurality of plates, each of which comprises channels for conveying the first fluid. Fins are brazed onto each plate, wherein the fins define a plurality of flow channels for the second fluid. The plates are joined to one another via friction-stir welding in such a way that the brazed regions are fluidically isolated from the first fluid during operation. As a result, the heat exchanger is suitable for use in applications that use a first fluid, such as seawater or geothermal fluid, which is corrosive for the brazed regions.

Ocean thermal energy conversion ("OTEC") is a method for generating electricity based on the temperature difference that exists between deep and shallow waters of a large body of water, such as an ocean. An OTEC system utilizes a heat engine (i.e., a thermodynamic device or system that generates electricity based on a temperature differential) that is thermally coupled between relatively warmer shallow and relatively colder deep water.
One heat engine suitable for OTEC is based on the Rankine cycle, which uses a low-pressure turbine. A closed-loop conduit containing a "working fluid" characterized by a low boiling point (e.g., ammonia) is thermally coupled with warm seawater at a first heat exchanger where the working fluid is vaporized. The expanding vapor is forced through the turbine, which drives a turbo-generator. After exiting the turbine, the vaporized working fluid is condensed back into a liquid state at a second heat exchanger where the closed-loop conduit is thermally coupled with cold seawater. The condensed working fluid is then recycled through the system.
OTEC systems have been shown to be technically viable, but the high capital cost of these systems has thwarted commercialization. The heat exchangers are the second largest contributor to OTEC plant capital cost (the largest is the cost of the offshore moored vessel or platform). The optimization of the enormous heat exchangers that are required for an OTEC plant is therefore of great importance and can have a major impact on the economic viability of OTEC technology.
One of the most efficient and cost-effective types of industrial heat exchangers is a plate-fin heat exchanger. Plate-fin heat exchangers can have higher surface area (due to their potential for high fin packing density) as compared to other types of heat exchangers, such as conventional tube and shell, plate-frame, etc. As a result, a plate-fin heat exchanger can have higher heat transfer efficiency, which makes it an attractive candidate for use in applications that require high fluid flow rates but are characterized by low temperature differentials, such as OTEC.
One of the highest efficiency plate-fin heat exchangers is the brazed-aluminum plate-fin heat exchanger, which comprises multiple layers of aluminum fins and plates that are made of materials having good thermal conductivity. The fins and plates are stacked and joined, using brazing, to form alternating passages for conveying fluids. In operation, fluids of different temperatures are passed through the alternating passages and heat energy is transferred between the fluids through the fin and plate materials.
Brazing is a well-known, low-cost process for joining mechanical elements. It is similar to soldering; however, brazing uses brazing-filler material that has a higher melting temperature (typically ≥450° C.) than traditional solder (˜250-300° C.). In many applications, brazing is preferred over soldering because brazing fillers have higher structural strength. In fact, brazed connections are often nearly as strong as the parts they connect, even at elevated temperatures.
In addition, complete assemblies comprising many brazed joints can be brazed at one time by arranging the assemblies, with brazing-filler material in place at each desired brazed joint. The entire arrangement is then heated at the same time, which induces the brazing-filler material to melt and fuse to its adjacent elements. As a result, the use of brazing offers significant cost advantages over many other joining technologies, such as fusion welding, etc.
Unfortunately, brazed joints are highly susceptible to galvanic-corrosion when exposed to a highly electrically conductive medium, such as seawater, geothermal fluid, mineral water, polluted water, and salt spray. The typical brazing process utilizes a filler aluminum alloy that has a lower melting temperature than the parent (base) metal being joined. Thus, the filler metal has different chemical composition and electric potential than the parent metal. The dissimilar metals, therefore, create a galvanic cell at the joint. Galvanic action at the joint induces metal migration (i.e., corrosion). In the presence of a conductive medium (e.g., seawater), the galvanic action at the joint is enhanced, which accelerates degradation of the joint. Furthermore, brazed joints that have failed because of galvanic-corrosion-related degradation usually cannot be reliably or cost-effectively refurbished.


A flat spring hose clamp having an improved resistance to brittle fracture and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed, the hose clamp being made of a steel having a steel composition consisting essentially of, by weight %:. C:0.30-0.70%, PA1 Si: 0.70% or less, PA1 Mn: 0.05-1.00%, PA1 P: 0.030% or less, PA1 S: 0.020% or less, PA1 Cr: 0.50-2.00%, PA1 Mo: 0.10-0.50%, PA1 Nb: 0.005-0.100%, PA1 sol. Al: 0.10% or less, PA1 N: more than 0.0020%, but not more than 0.015%, PA1 Ti: 0-0.10% and/or B: 0-0.0020%,. and a balance of Fe and incidental impurities, and the steel possessing a uniform bainite structure.

This invention relates to a flat spring member for use in attaching a flat or tubular member to an object. More particularly, this invention relates to a flat spring hose clamp for use in attaching an automobile tubular part and a method for manufacturing it.
The flat spring hose clamp of this invention is superior to that of the prior art with respect to strength after heat treatment and resistance to brittle fracture which is sometimes experienced during manufacture, transportation, and use of it.
A flat spring hose clamp, in particular that for use in automobiles, is used to fix a tubular member such as a hose, pipe, or wire to an object which is also an automobile part.
A typical flat spring hose clamp for use in automobiles is schematically shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in which a flat spring hose clamp 10 for use in automobiles consists of a plate spring 2 and mating parts 1, 1' provided at the both ends of the plate. The plate spring 2 is bent so that the both ends cross each other. If necessary, a punched through-hole 3 as shown in FIG. 2 may be provided along the longitudinal length of the plate spring 2.
Such articles are manufactured from a high carbon steel such as S30CM-S70CM, or SK7M-SK4M and a low alloy high carbon steel such as SCM435 or SCM445, as specified in JIS G 3311 or JIS G 4802. These high carbon steels and low alloy, high carbon steels are, if necessary after hot rolling and descaling by pickling, subjected to cold rolling as well as spheroidizing by heating the steel at a temperature of around the Ac.sub.1 point for an extended period of time in order to improve accuracy of the thickness of the sheet and its formability including its suitability for blanking, bending, and pressing. After forming into a final shape, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, heat treatment such as quenching and tempering, austempering, and the like is performed to strengthen the article being manufactured, resulting in improvement in hardness, tensile strength, and spring properties.
Therefore, steel sheet for use in manufacturing these articles must exhibit a relatively high degree of strength and hardness as well as spring properties only after heat treatment. For this purpose it is necessary to employ steel with a high carbon content (C: not smaller than 0.50%). Since these properties of the final articles of such a high carbon steel are influenced by heat treatment conditions, and especially the tempering temperature, a tempering temperature of up to 500.degree. C., usually in the range of 200.degree.-450.degree. C. is carefully chosen depending on the levels of properties, including hardness, tensile strength, and spring action, required for the article.
However, the before-mentioned thin steel sheets of the high carbon steel specified in JIS suffer from an increase in size of austenitic grains and precipitation of phosphorous along austenitic grain boundaries in the course of heat treatment. Therefore, sometimes brittle fracture takes place for a hose clamp adjusted to a strength level of 150 kgf/mm.sup.2 or higher, even if the heat treatment conditions are determined carefully.
A typical conventional flat spring hose clamp is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. It consists of a plate spring 2 in a bent form to provide a clamp portion and a pair of mating parts 1, 1'. These have been manufactured by using high strength steel plate with a T.S. of 150 kgf/mm.sup.2 or higher, obtained by applying austempering to a high carbon steel (S50CM, SK5M, SK7M etc.) containing 0.50-0.85% of carbon, since a strong degree of spring action is required. However, since it has a high degree of strength, cracking due to embrittlement occurs in an area where stress is concentrated, during either shelf storage or use under tension.
In order to avoid brittle fracture it is necessary to suppress an increase in strain, due to a high content of carbon, during heat treatment such as quenching, tempering, austempering and the like. For this purpose, it is advisable to employ a CrMo system, low-alloy steel, such as SCM435, SCM445 etc. that contains an amount of carbon reduced to 0.50% or smaller.
Furthermore, it is also advisable to prepare a fine austenitic crystal grain structure and to prevent propagation of cracking within the steel. For this purpose it is necessary to suitably adjust the chemical composition of the steel including chemical components such as Al and N. In particular, in order to refine the austenitic grain structure it is common to precipitate fine particles of AlN and the like during slab heating or soaking before quenching or austempering.
However, in spite of such efforts to improve the resistance to brittle fracture the level of resistance which has been achieved in the prior art is not enough to satisfy the level of the resistance which is required for up-to-date hose clamps.

Flat spring hose clamp and manufacture of same


A bilge pump bracket of generally an "L" shape allows the bilge pump and float switch to be mounted outside of the bilge area, usually in the workshop. The base of the bracket has a location thereon where the pump is to be mounted. In addition, the base also has a raised float switch platform which provides for assurances that the pump will shut off when bilge water is below a predetermined level. Further, the bracket, when made of plastic, can be molded to fit the hull of a vessel by slightly heating the bracket angle to conform to any angle of the vessel's transom area.

Bilge water is that water which enters a marine vessel by any means and lies upon her inner bottom or bilge area. If there is too much bilge water within the bilge area, a possibility exists that the vessel may become unseaworthy. In a worst case scenario, it is even possible that a vessel will sink if there is an excessive amount of bilge water.
In order to overcome this potentially dangerous situation of sinking, bilge pumps have been installed within the bilge area to express excessive water that lies therein. The bilge pump may be activated by a float switch. Once bilge water exceeds a certain level, that water level activates the float switch which turns the pump on and bilge water is thus pumped out. Once enough water has receded from the bilge area to a point below the float switch, the switch is deactivated and the bilge pump turns off.
The installation of a bilge pump and float switch, with accompanying electrical wires to connect the two items to the vessel's energy source, is oftentimes quite difficult for several reasons. First, the bilge area is usually located in a very cramped space located at the hull's interior of a vessel. Generally there is a floor board located above the bilge area which further restricts access to that area. This narrowed space is difficult to get to for the average sized individual who might need to install or otherwise maintain a bilge pump within that area Second, the bilge water is darkened by impediments within the water. It is also foul smelling. One does not want to spend any extended period of time within the bilge area to install or maintain a pump for this reason. Third, since the bilge water is murky, it is difficult to see through in order to secure a pump to a bilge platform which is on the bottom of the hull's inside. In this regard, when an installer attempts to screw in a bilge pump onto the bilge platform, the screws may be inserted improperly. This may result in an improperly installed pump. Further, there is the possibly that the screw will go through the hull resulting in a breach thereof. Additionally, if a screwed hole is ever separated from the screw, it is difficult to relocate that position as it is under the bilge water.
Another problem occurs when the float switch is mounted at the same level of the bilge pump on the platform. When this happens, the water may not drop to a level where the switch shuts off. The ensuing result is that the pump can burn itself out. Further, once the pump is mounted within the bilge area, it is very time consuming to complete the wiring unless the pump is capable of being prewired outside the installation area.


A supplemental carry strap (100) for use with luggage, including golf bags, garment bags and the like, having a single shoulder carry strap including a padded or unpadded shoulder-contacting element having an optional positioning indicator (18) and two connecting straps (40 and 42) to adjust the position of the carried luggage while retaining the shoulder element in the proper position for contacting the shoulder, and a coupling element (50) for receiving the connecting straps and, further, having a connecting arrangement for attaching the supplemental carry strap to the luggage to be carried.

Golf is a game that requires a player to transport a substantial amount of equipment as he or she plays the course. Many options are available to the player to accomplish this transportation, such as riding carts, the hand-pulled cart, the powered golf bag can, and the hiring of a caddy to carry the equipment bag. The preferred option, however, for maximum exercise benefit from the game, is for the player to carry his or her own equipment-laden golf bag as he or she walks the course.
While carrying one's own golf bag is the preferred method, the physical strain from doing so may prove detrimental to the golfer's ability to perform as the game proceeds. Carrying a heavy bag over the irregular terrain of a golf course results in increasing fatigue as the game proceeds. Concern over the strain and fatigue caused by carrying one's bag for the duration of the game often leads a player to decide to select an alternative means of transporting the bag, thereby reducing the exercise benefits from the game.
In order to reduce the strain on the player from transporting the bag, golf bags and equipment have been progressively constructed of lighter materials. The typical golf bag is equipped with a single handle and usually a shoulder strap to facilitate lifting and carrying the bag. It is usual in the art to pad the carrying strap so as to lessen the contact stress on the shoulder from the weight of the bag and its contents. Nonetheless, the weight of the typical equipment-laden bag remains substantial and the strain of carrying it remains appreciable.
Observation of a player carrying a golf bag reveals that the stress from carrying the bag is asymmetrically distributed over the upper pan of the player's body by the single shoulder strap with which the bag is carried. In use, the player uses the handle to lift the bag, then positions the single shoulder strap over one shoulder in order to carry the bag. This places the weight of the load on one side of the player's body and the player must adjust his or her stance by leaning to the opposite side in order to balance the load. As the game proceeds, the player will typically alternate the carry from one shoulder to the other in order to alleviate the strain and resultant muscle fatigue which develops from carrying the asymmetrical load. It is this strain and resultant fatigue that affects the golfer's performance.
One approach to distributing the load of the golf bag more symmetrically is to utilize a back pack-like, two strap suspension. This method is utilized by the IZZO System, a carrying strap marketed by IZZO Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 1434, Evergreen, Colo. 80439.
In use, the IZZO System (Izzo) replaces the single shoulder strap supplied with the golf bag. The original strap is removed, by cutting if necessary, and the Izzo is attached in its place. The Izzo system suspends the golf bag from two shoulder straps which are connected to the golf bag in three places; the two outer connections at the points where the original shoulder strap was connected, and the intermediate strap being connected to the handle of the bag. The Izzo strap must remain on the bag once the present owner replaces it. Thus, the Izzo strap cannot be readily transferred to another bag without leaving the first bag without a shoulder strap.
The Izzo strap is fitted to groups of individuals, coming in small, medium and large sizes. This provides the original purchaser with the correct fit but does not allow the original purchaser to transfer the strap to a user who requires a different size.
A further disadvantage of the Izzo strap is that it is designed to orient the bag so that the open end of the golf bag is always on one particular side of the golfer. This is accomplished by the use of dissimilar shoulder pads. One pad is intended to be use on one shoulder and the other pad on the other shoulder. These pads cannot be interchanged. Therefore, the bag is always carried in the same manner and the user does not have the choice of which side of the user's body the open end of the golf bag appears.


A bottle carrier for packaging and gripping in a taut fashion a plurality of bottles includes top, bottom and side walls, each side wall having a substantially vertically disposed bottom portion and an inwardly inclined top portion foldably joined to the bottom portion to form a tubular structure, top end panels foldably joined to each end edge of the top wall together with a bottom end panel foldably joined to each end edge of the bottom wall and secured in overlapping relation with the associated top end panel. A first collapsible web is foldably joined to each end edge of each top end panel and to the end edge of each of the inwardly inclined top wall portion. A yieldable fold line formed in each collapsible web extends from the adjacent corner of the top wall downwardly in angular relation to the adjacent end edge of the associated inwardly inclined top wall portion.

U. S. Pat. No. 3,904,036 issued Sep. 9, 1975 and owned by the assignee of this invention discloses a fully enclosed bottle container and includes a so called false score formed in the bottom wall.
Canadian patent 1,166,211 owned by the assignee of this invention discloses a carton for beverage containers which is similar in some respects to this invention.


An apparatus and method to check whether a user likes a multimedia file based on the user's emotional reaction index of the multimedia file and repeatedly reproducing the multimedia file if the user likes the multimedia file. The multimedia file reproducing apparatus can include an emotional reaction index calculation unit to calculate an emotional reaction index based on a physical reaction signal of a user; a like/dislike checking unit to check whether the user likes or dislikes a corresponding audio file based on the calculated emotional reaction index; a list generation unit to generate a list of audio files that the user likes based on an average of emotional reaction indices for each audio file and the user's preference for each audio file; and a reproduction management unit to control the reproduction of the corresponding audio file based on whether the user likes or dislikes the corresponding audio file and to reproduce the audio files in the generated list.

1. Field of the Invention
The present general inventive concept relates to reproducing a multimedia file, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method to check whether a user likes a multimedia file based on the user's emotional reaction index for the multimedia file and repeatedly reproducing the multimedia file if the user likes the multimedia file.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, it has become common to use portable multimedia file players that can reproduce digitally encoded audio files. That is, relatively small-sized handheld devices, which can process digitally encoded audio and video files stored in semiconductor memory devices, have become popular. Multimedia file players can be applied in various fields of MP3 players, portable multimedia players (PMPs), and mobile phones.
With the growing need for larger data storage capacity of portable multimedia file players, next-generation multimedia file players including small-sized and large-storage capacity hard drives have been developed and are gaining popularity.
While a user is listening to music using a portable multimedia file player, if a song that the user likes is played, the user may wish to repeatedly listen to the song. In contrast, if a song that the user dislikes is played, the user may wish to skip the song and listen to another song. In this case, the user himself or herself has to repeat or skip songs according to the user's preferences. In addition, if the user wishes to repeat a desired song endlessly, the user has to press a Play button whenever the desired song ends or has to set an endless repetition function for the desired song.
Korean Patent Publication No. 2006-055357 discloses an apparatus and method for reproducing music content and an apparatus for recording music content and attribute information of music content. That is, the above listed document discloses a technology that acquires music content data, which is to be reproduced, from a music content data memory unit storing a plurality of pieces of music content data, acquires biological information of a listener who is listening to the acquired music content data that is being reproduced, and determines candidate songs to be reproduced next based on the acquired biological information of the listener and attribute information acquired by a second acquisition unit. However, the prior art fails to suggest a technology that can repeat or skip a multimedia file based on whether a user likes or dislikes the multimedia file.

Multimedia file reproducing apparatus and method


A method is provided for making fast dissolving storage stable tablets by compression on standard high speed tablet production machinery wherein the formulation contains a carbohydrate having a special particle size and/or structure, in combination with controlled amounts of a transitory liquid as a lubricant, which liquid is removed following compression.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of fast dissolving compressed tablets with enhanced liquescent character and, in particular, to the use of a transitory liquid lubricant to produce fast dissolving compressed tablets.
2. Description of Related Art
It is desirable to provide liquescent or meltable tablets containing active ingredients which can be readily chewed or alternatively allowed to melt in the oral cavity. Such tablets have particular appeal for those consumers unable to swallow or chew conventional compressed tablets.
Prior to the present invention, it has been known to prepare tablet triturates which are soluble but very friable. The triturates are prepared by dampening a blend of a drub and diluent with ethyl alcohol containing varying quantities of water, forcing the dampened mass into holes in a forming plate, then pushing the mass out of the molds by push pins, and drying in ovens or heated tunnels. The finished tablet triturates are usually limited in size to about 250 mg and breakage from the ejection push pins is a problem as the size of the tablet is increased.
Tablet triturates formed on production equipment have an extremely high loss from tablet breakage with reject numbers running as high as 25-30%.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,684,534 describes a quick-liquefying chewable tablet characterized by a harder outer shell which inhibits penetration of liquid into the interior of the tablet, and a softer interior which quickly liquefies when the tablet shell is broken into pieces and contacted by a liquid. All of the examples in the patent describe tablets formed employing a relatively large amount of a non transitory metallic stearate lubricant. The tablet formulations described in the body of the patent are capable of improvement by substituting the liquid transitory lubricant of the present invention for the metallic stearate or other fat based lubricants disclosed in the patent. This patent is hereby incorporated by reference.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,307 describes a method for making a starch hydrolysate particle having increased bulk density and dissolution rate properties. Commercially available maltodextrin powder is subjected to roll compaction utilizing an amount of a liquid such as ethyl alcohol, acetone, hexane, cyclohexane, methyl ethyl ketone, etc. to form a damp powder blend. The blend is compacted between a pair of compacting rollers to form a sheet of material composed of formerly discrete maltodextrin particles crushed together with the liquid. The sheet is then broken into small particles and the remaining solvent removed by drying. The resulting particles are non-spherical and appear crystalline.
Maltodextrin agglomerates, compacts, or spray dried powders are unacceptable as the main excipient in a chewable tablet because the maltodextrin is a polymer and as such does not have the dissolution rate of a simple sugar such as mannitol or dextrose. The polymeric maltodextrin goes through a high viscosity stage in its dissolution and will stick to the teeth when chewed and in addition will demonstrate a dry then gelatinous mouth feel when chewed or sucked.
Bearing in mind the problems and deficiencies of the prior art, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a method for making tablets by compression utilizing a transitory liquid lubricant and a special tablet formulation.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for making tablets by compression which are liquescent, meltable, or effervescent on conventional tablet compression machinery by the use of a transitory liquid lubricant.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a method for making tablets by compression which are liquescent, meltable or effervescent on conventional high speed tablet compression machinery containing therapeutic quantities of pharmacologically active substances.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for the manufacture of an effervescent tablet on conventional tablet compression machinery by utilizing a transitory liquid lubricant that is removed after compression and which substantially obviates the need for special water soluble lubricants in order to ensure complete tablet dissolution following effervescence.
Another object of the invention is to provide tablets prepared by the method of the invention.
Still another object of the invention is to provide formulations which may be compressed into tablets.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be readily apparent from the following description.

Compressed tablet transitory lubricant system

Advanced Technology Pharmaceuticals Corporation


An asymmetrical conical strainer-scoop adapted for clearing ice chips, ice chunks, and other debris from a hole cut through ice covering a body of water. The asymmetrical conical strainer-scoop includes a perforated asymmetrical conical device of a unique design (30), comprised of a flexible and durable material such as UHMW polyethylene in sheet form, which is perforated with a plurality of straining apertures (20), and which is attached to one end of a handle (10), by means of conventional fasteners (22), (24), (32). The handle (10), has a hole (14) bored to provide means for attachment of a wrist-hanger strap.

Not applicable.
This invention relates to an improved tool for clearing ice chips, ice chunks, or other debris from holes bored, sawed, or chopped through the ice for the purpose of ice fishing.
Ice fishing is a popular recreational and commercial activity, which occurs in northern regions during the winter. By necessity ice fisherman need to bore, saw, or chop holes through the ice to be able to insert either hook and line, nets, or fish attracting decoys or other apparatuses into the water.
A critical step in the ice fishing process is the removal of the slush, snow, ice chips, and ice chunks that typically clog the ice fishing hole after the hole has been bored, sawed, or chopped through the ice.
There are multiple prior art devices commonly employed for removing debris from ice fishing holes. One common device is a metal-handled perforated metal bowl device similar to GANGI, U.S. Pat. No. 3,747,253, with a shallow saucer shaped perforated metallic bowl. These commonly available devices are relatively small, and lack the capacity to remove large quantities of ice chips quickly. They are typically comprised of metallic materials that sink if inadvertently dropped into the water, and further, the handle, bowl and perforations often freeze up with residual ice rendering the device ineffective. Attempts at striking the device in an effort to remove the residual ice buildup often results in the device bending into an inefficient shape.
A thorough search has also discovered several other types of ice chip removal devices such as, HENDRICKS, et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,072,538, and ROBERTS, U.S. Pat. No. 4,718,188, which have moving parts that can become inoperable with residual ice buildup. These devices must be de-iced in a warm environment to be ready to use after icing up. These devices also lack the capability to remove larger chunks of ice.
There are also commercially available strainer devices which utilize fixed injection molded plastic strainer baskets attached to metallic handles. Again, the strainer baskets are too small and are also composed of inferior plastics which become brittle and crack or otherwise fail when used in the sub-zero temperatures common to ice fishing, and again, these devices sink when inadvertently placed into the water.
Nowhere in the prior art is there found any teaching of the improved method to fashion a conical strainer basket from a flexible, sheet form, non-metallic material such as UHMW polyethylene that can repeatedly withstand the significant impact and flexing stresses needed to rid the device of unwanted residual ice at subfreezing and sub-zero temperatures.
An Ice fishing skimmer, dipper, or scoop is a device for separating snow, slush, ice chips, ice chunks, and other debris from liquid, i.e. water, in an ice fishing hole that has been either bored, sawed, or chopped through the ice.
The present invention is an improved ice removal device in that it is simple; composed of a superior material that is durable and will not crack or break in sub-freezing and sub-zero conditions. It is constructed in an optimum size by which to substantially reduce the time involved in the ice chip, ice chunk removal process so that more time is available for the ultimate goal of the activity, fishing.
Accordingly, several objects and advantages of my invention are the simplicity, durability, effectiveness, and ease with which it can be used.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an ice scoop which can be easily inserted into a hole bored through the ice covering a body of water, and effectively and quickly remove the debris clogging the hole.
Another object of this invention is to provide an ice scooping device which is composed of non-metallic, floatable, buoyant materials so that if the device is inadvertently placed into the water it will float.
A further object of this invention is to utilize very durable polymeric materials such as UHMW polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, ABS plastic, nylon, urethane, or other such compounds or metals that are strong and resist breakage in sub-freezing and sub-zero conditions. Some of these materials are difficult, if not impossible to injection mold, so that the unique design of the asymmetrical perforated conical strainer-scoop device as set forth in the claims section, and as illustrated in the drawings and described in the description, is a unique way to utilize a flat sheet of flexible or semi-rigid material to construct an asymmetrical cone shaped strainer-scoop.
UHMW polyethylene is the preferred material for this embodiment because of its inherent durability and resilience at sub-zero temperatures. UHMW poly (abbreviation of Ultra High Molecular Weight polyethylene), is commonly used to manufacture durable components used in cold environments such as CORMICAN U.S. Pat. No. 6,331,008 (one piece molded ski apparatus). One common drawback of UHMW poly is that it is difficult if not impossible to injection mold; compression molding being the only feasible alternative. However, compression molding of UHMW poly has limitations, and it is an unsuitable process for relatively thin, perforated parts such as the asymmetrical perforated conical strainer-scoop of the preferred embodiment. When UHMW poly is subjected to the extreme temperatures and pressures of compression molding, it tends to produce uncontrollable warping in thinner parts, thus producing unusable and undesirable results. It is for these reasons that I chose sheet form UHMW poly as a better material with which to produce a perforated conical strainer-scoop. Sheet form UHMW poly can be sawed, drilled, or die cut to produce the desired pre-determined dimension. The preferred embodiment utilizes a die-cut perforated conical strainer-scoop.
This asymmetrical perforated conical strainer-scoop can be attached using conventional fasteners to an elongated handle, (rectangular, square, or round), made of a non-metallic floatable, buoyant material such as wood, foam-filled plastic tubing, or solid buoyant plastic compound.
A further object of this invention is to utilize the surface of the handle to be printed with a ruled measuring graphics to aid ice fishermen in measuring ice thickness and fish length.
Another object of this invention is to provide a means to construct various size and dimensions of asymmetrical conical scoop devices out of flexible or semi-rigid sheet material.
Yet a further object of this invention is to utilize the durable perforated asymmetrical conical scoop device mounted on a handle for uses unrelated to ice fishing, such as a scooper for picking up canine feces from grass, dirt, concrete and other hard surfaces. A design for a canine fecal matter scoop is made by notching teeth into the leading front archuate edge of the asymmetrical perforated conical scoop so as to facilitate scooping and lifting up of canine fecal matter.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent and understood from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In accordance with the present invention an ice fishing strainer-scoop comprises an asymmetrical conical strainer-scoop device attached with conventional fasteners to an end of an elongate handle member.


A crab processing machine has conveyed crab-gripping carriers which move a crab through a loading station, a measuring station, a mandible/carapace/tail removal station, a body cavity cleaning station, a gilling station, a splitting station, and a discharge station. Data accumulated at the measuring station is used to automatically control operation of a star wheel at the mandible/carapace/tail removal station, and to automatically control the location of a rotary splitting knife at the splitting station so that the cleaned crab carcass will be evenly divided.

The Alaska Crab Institute defines "Snow Crab" as any of the three crustacean species: chionocetes opilio, chionoctes bairdi, or chionocetes tanneri. The latter species is also known as tanner crab. To prevent risk of toxin build-up, snow crab are required to be butchered (cleaned) when live. The butchering involves removing the carapace (back), mandible, and tail, cleaning the guts from the body cavity, and then removing the gills, thereby leaving the legs, claws and an intermediate connecting body portion. When this body portion of the cleaned crab is bisected the two crab halves are known as "sections". A "section" consists of a cleaned body portion (often referred to as the "shoulder") connected by joints to a set of legs consisting of four walking legs and a non-walking leg supporting a claw. For purposes of this discussion, the "length" of a crab has reference to the mandible to tail dimension, and the "width" has reference to carapace dimension in the direction of the two sets of legs of the crab.
After the crab has been cleaned and sectioned, the sections are normally cooked, frozen and bulk-packed in fiber-board containers. It is preferred to accurately split the cleaned crab into sections having equal body portions because such sections normally bring a larger price in the crab section market.
Machines have been devised to assist in butchering snow crabs and halving them into sections. One such machine has consisted of an endless conveyor with crab gripping carriers at regular intervals for conveying live crabs in a head first direction through processing stations whereat the crabs are automatically decarapaced, cleaned, degilled, and sectioned. Each gripping carrier has comprised a pair of laterally spaced clamping arms which are arranged to clamp the two sets of legs of a crab against a mounting plate at clamping positions leaving the carapace free to be removed therebetween. The crabs are loaded into the gripping carriers at the leading edge thereof. The clamping arms automatically open (swing-up) at an upper loading station adjacent the tail end of the conveyor whereat a crab is loaded beneath the clamping arms which then automatically close into clamping position. A star wheel, located at the head end of the conveyor engages and removes the mandible, carapace and attached tail. Sets of water jets then clean the gut and then the gills from the conveyed crab as it moves upside down in the return bottom run of the conveyor toward the loading end (tail end) of the conveyor. Next a rotary cutter at a fixed central position beneath the conveyor splits the cleaned crab into sections. The sections are then released when the clamping arms are reopened by a cam preliminary to returning to the loading station.
The described machine, although having advantages over the prior art did not operate consistently on varying sizes of crabs, particularly in the removal of carapace, mandible and tail. Furthermore, since it is unlikely that the live crabs will be perfectly centered when loaded between the pairs of clamping arms on the gripping carriers, the described prior art machine has the shortcoming of not accurately bisecting the crabs. Also, the gripping carriers are not easy to load for high speed operation of the machine and did not adapt to varying crab sizes.


A system controller (102) generates and transmits a radio signal having long messages in data frames (370), and short and long messages in control frames (360). A set of selective call radio addresses is included at the beginning of a control frame (360), each selective call radio address including a subvector which indicates the starting position of a short message or a vector packet within the control frame (360). Vector packets indicate starting positions of long messages within the control frame (360), within other control frames (360), and within data frames (370). A selective call radio (106) receives the radio signal and recovers and processes the short and long messages, using the subvectors and vectors to identify the positions of the short and long messages.

A known technique of organizing information for communication to selective call radios such as pagers in a radio communication system is to arrange the addresses of selective call radios for which message information is included in a predetermined portion of a transmission cycle, such as a frame, at the beginning of the predetermined portion of the transmission cycle in an address field, separated from the message information intended for the selective call radios. This has the advantage of improving the battery life of the selective call radios, because a radio which has no information in the predetermined portion of the transmission cycle can quickly revert to a low power mode as soon as it determines its address is not in the address field.
When the addresses are positioned at the beginning of the predetermined portion of the transmission cycle, the position of the message information intended for the selective call radios must be determined by the selective call radios in order for them to recover the message information. A technique for determining the position of the information is used in the well known FLEX.TM. protocol of Motorola, Inc. of Schaumburg, Ill. In this protocol a starting position of message information within the predetermined portion of the transmission cycle is indicated by a vector which has a length and position determined on a one for one basis by the length and position of the address associated with the vector. While this protocol works quite well, it has limitations. One limitation is that, as channel arrangements have become more sophisticated, the amount of information required in a vector requires a longer vector than the associated address. Another limitation is that the message information must be within the same predetermined portion of the transmission cycle. This other limitation arises partly from the limitation on the length of the vectors due to their correspondence to the length of the addresses in the FLEX.TM. protocol.
Thus, what is needed is an improved technique for organizing message information in a radio communication system.

Method and apparatus for organizing and recovering information communicated in a radio communication system


In a database management method, a first database management apparatus comprises a list which holds storage location information indicating a write destination in a second database for data which is added to a first database, the method comprising a first step whereby, when optional data is added to the first database, the first database management apparatus appends the storage location information from the first list to the data, a second step whereby the first database management apparatus transmits the data to which location information has been appended to second database management apparatus and issues a request to add the data to the second database management apparatus, and a third step whereby the second database management apparatus adds the data to the location in the second database indicated by location information appended to the data in response to the data addition request.

Conventionally, in order to provide a high-speed response to an access request, an in-memory database (hereinafter called an "in-memory DB") affords data residency in a volatile memory, for example, so that time-consuming I/Os to and from an external storage apparatus are not performed or are limited.
By the way, in a database management system, because data disappears from a memory when a system stops, the in-memory DB backs up data to an on-disk database (hereinafter called "on-disk DB") which holds data in an external storage apparatus.
In order to back up data to the on-disk DB, data replication technology which matches the data of the in-memory DB with that of the on-disk DB is required.
In a technology of the data replication, Non-PTL4 discloses a technology which uniquely identifies a record which corresponds to each of the records in the data of the database from data of another database by using an unique index which are defined in tables of two databases to be replicated.
The unique index used in the above data replication technology may not exist in an user database design. In this case, there are problems such as an increase in a labor of the user adding the unique index to the database, an increase in the usage amount of the external storage apparatus due to storing the unique index, and an increase in processing overhead due to updating the unique index.
Against these problems PTL1 discloses a technology which obviates the need to define an unique index by creating a mapping table for physical storage location information between different databases.
Furthermore, when a record is added to the data replication source, not only the data replication source is accessed but also the data replication destination is accessed, physical storage location information, which the data replication destination acquires determined, so that the data replication of the record is completed.
As described in Non-PTL2 and 3 (Non-PTL3 is a translation of Non-PTL2 in Japanese), this is because unused area information is referenced to determine the physical storage location information which is the record addition destination in order to hold information of the unused area in the database.

Database management method, database management system and database management program


Frequency generators that may be programmed are utilized in a wide variety of applications. Typical applications include radio and television receivers and transmitters, and computer devices that must operate at different clock rates, or be compatible with systems that operate at different clock rates. The present technique provides for programmably generating a frequency. A ring oscillator receives at least one operating voltage through a programmable array of field effect transistors. Digitally selecting a given set of the transistors provides a given operating current for the ring, which establishes the frequency of operation. In one embodiment, the technique is implemented in a CMOS integrated circuit. This technique provides for more rapid frequency changes in a low-power circuit than can be obtained with typical prior-art techniques (e.g., a phase-locked loop).

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a digital programmable frequency generator.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Frequency generators that may be programmed are utilized in a wide variety of applications. Typical applications include radio and television receivers and transmitters, and computer devices that must operate at different clock rates, or be compatible with systems that operate at different clock rates. A typical prior-art technique for implementing a programmable frequency generator is the use of a phase-locked loop (PLL). The PLL includes a voltage-con,oiled oscillator (VCO), phase comparator, and programmable counter that are arranged in a well-known configuration. By changing the count of the counter, a desired frequency division ratio can be achieved that produces the desired output frequency from the VCO. However, a PLL has an inherent limitation as to the speed that a change in frequency can be made, which is dependent on the loop characteristics and the magnitude of the change. Furthermore, typical PLL implementations require significant power to operate, and their analog nature makes them susceptible to noise problems. In addition, many PLL designs are not readily adapted to low-voltage operation, as may occur, for example, in battery-operated potable systems where 3 volt (or less) operation is becoming common.
One technique for overcoming some of the PLL limitations is direct digital synthesis (DDS). In that technique, a digital representation of an analog waveform, for example a sinusold, is stored in read-only memory. By repetitively reading out the memory at a given ram, and applying the digital waveform to a digital-to-analog converter, an analog waveform at the desired frequency is obtained. The DDS technique typically allows for relatively rapid changes in frequency. However, DDS is overly complicated for many applications, as when only a binary clock waveform is needed, for example. It also may not lend itself to low-voltage, low-power applications. Another approach that is more oriented to digital technology involves the use of a ring oscillator with multiple inverter stages. The number of active stages is changed, in order to change the frequency of oscillation. However, that may require a large number of inverter stages to obtain a wide frequency range, especially if relatively small steps in frequency are required over the range.

Digital programmable frequency generator


An apparatus for executing loop-back tests in a key service unit (50) of a key telephone system, including an ISDN interface unit (2) connected to an ISDN (30) is disclosed. When any one of speech channels of the ISDN (30) is not used, a predetermined test pattern data is transmitted through a time slot of the down-stream speech highway (3b) allocated to the unused speech channel to the ISDN interface unit (2). Then the test pattern data is returned back in the ISDN interface unit (2) and transmitted to a time slot of the up-stream speech highway (3a) allocated to the unused speech channel. The test pattern data transmitted to the up-stream speech highway is compared with the original test pattern data for executing the loop-back test.

The present invention relates generally to a data error detecting apparatus for a key telephone system and the detecting method therefor, and more specifically to an apparatus and a method of detecting data errors generated in a key telephone system connectable to an Integrated Service Digital Network (referred to as ISDN, hereinafter).
With the development of the ISDN recently, an ISDN interface unit is usually provided in a key service unit of a key telephone system for connection between the ISDN and the key telephone system. The above-mentioned ISDN interface unit transmits digitalized speech signals or data signals given through a telephone office line (i.e. digital outside line), without conversion into analog signals, to the key service unit, to which a plurality of terminal devices (e.g. key telephone sets) are connected. In addition, the ISDN interface unit can transmit digitalized speech signals or data signals given from the terminal devices through the key service unit to the office line without conversion into analog signals.
In case an error is detected in the data transmitted to the key service unit, a test (referred to as a loop-back test) is made for each transmission line in the system, in order to locate the position at which the data error occurs within the key service unit and peripheral devices thereof, as described in further detail below. In the loop-back test, a tester (referred to as a loop-back tester) is first connected to a location to be tested of the key service unit; secondly, random data (e.g. 511 random pattern data) is transmitted from the loop-back tester to the test location; the random data transmitted to the test location is compared with that returned from the test location by the loop-back tester; and the occurrence of data error at the test location is detected when the data do not match with each other.
In the conventional data error detecting method, however, the locations to be loop-back tested are limited to locations to which the loop-back tester can be connected from the outside of the key service unit, for instance such as terminals of the ISDN interface unit. In more detail, when the loop-back tester is connected to a terminal of the ISDN interface unit from the outside of the key service unit, it is possible to detect the occurrence of data error generated in a transmission line between the loop-back tester and a return point in the ISDN interface unit (from which a test data transmitted from the tester is returned). In the conventional test method, however, there exists a problem in that it is impossible to detect the occurrence of data error generated due to trouble at locations other than the ISDN interface unit within the key service unit, for instance such as an up-stream speech highway, a down-stream speech highway, etc. In addition, whenever the conventional loop-back test is made, since it has been necessary to stop the service or operation of the key telephone system, there exists another problem in that it is impossible to perform the loop-back test at any time when required.

Data error detecting apparatus for key telephone system and the detecting method therefor


A traction assembly including a directional backing plate and threaded nut for securing a traction device relative to a flexible rotatable track. The backing plate and nut define curvilinear peripheries defined by a major axis and a minor axis, wherein the major axis is greater than the minor axis. The backing plate and T-nut cooperatively engage the stud relative to the track, such that the major axis is substantially perpendicular to the direction of rotation of the track, and the minor axis is substantially parallel to the direction of rotation. One of the T-nut and the backing plate include prongs for partially penetrating the track in the region of the traction assembly.

Vehicles driven over adverse riding surfaces, such as snow, ice, or mud employ traction devices to improve operating performances. The traction devices include a substantially cylindrical stud having either a conical or wedge shaped bit. The conical bit defines a circular cone having a circular cross section transverse to the direction of penetration into the riding surface. The tip of the cone penetrates the riding surface to improve traction. The wedge shaped bit defines a planar wedge which penetrates the riding surface to improve traction.
The bit is either affixed to the stud or integrally formed with the stud. The stud includes a threaded portion and a peripheral flange defining wrench flats.
A washer and T-nut are used to affix the stud to the track. The washers have either a circular or a square periphery. The washer includes a concentric aperture sized to receive the cylindrical portion of the stud. The portion of the washer adjacent the aperture is convex forming a domed portion defined by a spherical radius of approximately 2 to 3 inches. The T-nut is a planar circular piece having a threaded sleeve projecting from one side. Three prongs extend from the same side. The prongs are equally spaced approximately 120.degree. apart about the periphery. The stud is passed through the washer so that the wrench fiats contact the convex side of the washer. The threaded portion of the stud is then disposed through an aperture in the track so that the threaded portion extends towards the inside of the track. The T-nut engages the stud and draws the wrench flats against the washer, thereby drawing the washer against the track, and the prongs of the T-nut into the back side of the track.
Due to the tremendous forces exerted upon the traction device, it is desirable to have the contact area between the washer, T-nut, and the track as large as possible. The large surface area minimizes damage to the track as forces are exerted on the traction device. However, the large contact surface area has specific drawbacks. The edges of the large surface area introduce excessive wear as the track passes over the idler wheels. The flexing of the track over the idler wheels causes the edges of the washer and T-nut gouge the track. Therefore, there are benefits to reducing the contact area. In addition, as the T-nut rotates past the idler wheels, the prongs temporarily disengage the track, and then re-engage as the T-nut passes beyond the idler wheel. The repeated withdrawal and insertion of the prongs into the track locally weakens the track.
In an attempt to provide a balance between increased contact area and track wear, transverse cleats have been used across the width of the track. The cleats extend perpendicular to the direction of rotation. A plurality of traction devices may be cooperatively engaged with the track along the width of the track. However, the cleats require a plurality of traction devices, and add significant weight to the track which weight also introduces extra wear.
Traditionally, the tracks have included a plurality of longitudinal reinforcing fibers extending along the direction of track, or belt travel. The reinforcing fibers provide additional strength to the track. However, the fibers increase the resistance of the track to rotation, thereby increasing horsepower requirements.
New track constructions are formed without the longitudinal reinforcing fibers. The lack of fibers reduces rolling resistance and horsepower requirements. However, without the longitudinal fibers, the aperture in the track through which the stud, or shaft of the traction device passes tends to substantially deform. The deformation may be sufficient to permit one of the inner plate (T-nut) or outer plate (washer, backing plate) to pass through the deformed aperture, thereby causing complete failure of the traction assembly. Therefore, a need exists for precluding catastrophic deformation of the aperture.


Cryotherapeutic systems configured for refrigerant recompression and associated devices, systems, and methods are disclosed herein. A cryotherapeutic system configured in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a high-pressure line, a low-pressure line, a recompression unit, and a cryo-catheter. The recompression unit increases the pressure of refrigerant from the low-pressure line to the high-pressure line to a treatment pressure sufficient for cryogenic alteration of tissue. The high-pressure line and the low-pressure line include, respectively, a first connector and a second connector. The cryo-catheter includes a shaft, a supply lumen in the shaft that is coupled to the first connector, an exhaust lumen in the shaft that is coupled to the second connector, and a cryo-applicator attached to the shaft having a cooling chamber configured to receive refrigerant from the supply lumen and to return refrigerant via the exhaust lumen to the low-pressure line.

Many cryotherapeutic procedures include introducing a cryo-catheter into a patient (e.g., into the vasculature of a patient) and cooling a cryo-applicator of the cryo-catheter using refrigerant. In some cases, refrigerant introduced into the cryo-catheter is chilled and circulated through the cryo-applicator without expanding significantly. For example, the cryo-catheter can be thermally insulated proximal to the cryo-applicator such that chilled refrigerant circulated through the cryo-catheter does not readily absorb heat from nearby tissue until it reaches the cryo-applicator. In other cases, refrigerant, which can be chilled or not chilled, expands significantly within the cryo-catheter and drops in temperature and/or absorbs heat from nearby tissue due to the Joule-Thomson effect alone or in combination with increasing latent heat. For example, refrigerant can enter the cryo-catheter partially or entirely in liquid phase at high pressure, expand and/or vaporize by passing through an orifice within the cryo-applicator, and then exit the cryo-catheter in gas phase at low pressure. Cooling via refrigerant expansion can be particularly useful in relatively long and narrow cryo-catheters (e.g., most intravascular cryo-catheters). In such cryo-catheters, for example, refrigerant cooling potential in the form of high refrigerant pressure can usually be maintained more readily than refrigerant cooling potential in the form of low refrigerant temperature while refrigerant is en route to a distal cryo-applicator.
In conventional cryotherapeutic systems configured for cooling by refrigerant expansion, resulting expanded refrigerant is typically exhausted to the atmosphere or collected for disposal. For example, a conventional cryotherapeutic system can be configured to be connected to a hospital scavenging system that transports expanded refrigerant to a centralized location for disposal. Both releasing expanded refrigerant into the atmosphere and transporting expanded refrigerant to a centralized location deplete the supply of refrigerant available to the system. Accordingly, conventional cryotherapeutic systems are typically configured to be connected to refrigerant supply tanks that must frequently be replaced or recharged. Replacing or recharging refrigerant supply tanks, however, can be logistically challenging and costly. Furthermore, although larger refrigerant supply tanks often require replacement or recharging less frequently than smaller refrigerant supply tanks, larger refrigerant supply tanks are also typically more obtrusive and cumbersome to handle than smaller refrigerant supply tanks.
Conventional cryotherapeutic systems are usually only compatible with certain types of refrigerants. For example, many conventional cryotherapeutic systems are configured for use with nitrous oxide, which can be released into the atmosphere or collected for disposal with little or no concern for toxicity or environmental impact. While nitrous oxide is a useful refrigerant, other refrigerants can have more advantageous thermodynamic properties (e.g., greater latent heats of vaporization) than nitrous oxide. These other refrigerants, however, are potentially more harmful to the environment than nitrous oxide. Intentionally and non-incidentally releasing and/or disposing of such refrigerants is, in many cases, prohibited by regulations, inconsistent with accepted medical protocols, or both. Thus, many potentially useful types of refrigerants are not available for use in conventional cryotherapeutic systems configured to release expanded refrigerant into the atmosphere or to collect expanded refrigerant for disposal. This can limit the performance of such systems.
For the reasons stated above and for other reasons, whether or not expressly disclosed herein, there is a need for innovation in the field of cryotherapy. For example, there is a need for innovation with regard to devices, systems, and methods that reduce the need for replacing or recharging refrigerant supply tanks, that facilitate the use of additional types of refrigerants, and/or that have other advantages relative to conventional devices, systems, and/or methods.

Refrigerant supply system for cryotherapy including refrigerant recompression and associated devices, systems, and methods


A seat pad is made of a flexible polyurethane foam, wherein when the seat pad is divided into five equal parts in a direction of a thickness and the five equal parts are termed from a first layer, to a fifth layer, starting from a front surface side, the equal parts are ranked in the following order of decreasing hardness: the fifth layer, the fourth layer, the third layer, and the second layer. The hardness of the fourth layer is set larger than the hardness of the first layer. A midportion of the seat pad that is a portion other than the front surface and an underside surface is set at a density of 45 to 55 kg/m3.

Flexible polyurethane foam-made seat pads used for seats mounted on vehicles and conveyances, such as boats, ships, and aircraft, furniture chairs, and the like may give users a sense of lateral wobble. For example, a seat pad may be deformed by vibrations in a low-frequency band (for example, about 1 Hz) input when a vehicle goes around a mild curve or makes a lane change, resulting in production of a sense of wobble, such as sideslip or lateral rocking about a roll axis. Such a sense of wobble is a factor affecting the steering stability. There is a technique for setting the hardness of a seat pad in order to reduce such a sense of wobble (Patent Literature 1).


An electronic endoscope has a video-scope with an image sensor, a light source, a signal reading processor, a shading member, a driver, and a driving controller. The signal reading processor alternately reads odd-line image-pixel signals and even-line image-pixel signals over one-frame reading interval, when forming a still image on the basis of one frame worth of image-pixel signals generated by a one-time exposure. The shading member blocks the illuminating light. The driver selectively arranges the shading member at a non-shading position that enable the illuminating light to pass and at a shading position that blocks the light. The driving controller controls the driver by a sequence of pulse signals so as to position the shading member at the shading position for a shading-interval in the one-frame reading interval, and so as to position the shading member at the non-shading position for a remaining reading-interval.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electronic endoscope having a video-scope and a video-processor, especially, it relates to a shading or blinding member that is used when displaying or recording a still image.
2. Description of the Related Art
In an electronic endoscope, an interline-transfer CCD (IT CCD) is used to display a movie image on a monitor, wherein odd field image-pixel signals and even field image-pixel signals are alternately read from the CCD for one-field reading interval. When displaying or recording a still image generated by a one-time exposure, a shading or blind member is driven so as to shade the light that is directed to an object for one-field reading interval. Thus, odd-line image-pixel signals and even-line image-pixel signals are read from the CCD in order, for one-frame reading interval, so that a high-quality still image is obtained without a blur. The shading member is driven by an actuator, such as a DC motor.

Electronic endoscope having an apparatus for controlling a shading member


The present disclosure provides a backlight module and a liquid crystal display using the same. The backlight module includes a light guide plate, a light source and a plurality of light extraction gratings. The light source is disposed at an end of the light guide plate. A plurality of light extraction gratings are disposed on a light emission surface of the light guide plate, and are arranged in an array. The plurality of light extraction gratings are divided into a plurality of regions arranged at equal intervals in a direction from the end of the light guide plate near the light source to another end of the light guide plate away from the of the light source, a gap between adjacent columns of two adjacent regions is a+b, where a is a gap between adjacent columns in the same region and b is a width of one light extraction grating.

With the continuous development of liquid crystal display technology, the application field of liquid crystal displays (LCD), especially color liquid crystal displays are constantly expended. As driven by the liquid crystal display market, the backlight source industry presents a prosperous trend.
A backlight source is a light source located behind a liquid crystal display, light-emitting effect of which will directly affect visual effect of a crystal display module (LCM). This is because the liquid crystal display itself may not emit light, and it shows a pattern as a result of its light modulation.
Therefore, the technical problem currently to be solved in the light display technical field is how to improve light intensity of the backlight source.

Backlight module comprising a plurality of light extraction gratings arranged in an array on a light emission surface of a light guide plate and liquid crystal display using the same


A nail magazine for a power nailer is disclosed which includes an elongated housing formed from a pair of parallel side walls which have a plurality of opposed elongated channels formed therein cooperating to define a plurality of guide tracks which receive the heads of a strip of nails fitting between the side walls. The side walls have a discharge end from which nails in the strip are discharged. The nails are biased towards the discharge end of the strip by a spring pusher arrangement including a flat plate received between the side walls.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to nail magazines for power nailers and more particularly to a magazine adapted to accommodate a plurality of different length nails.
Power nailers, both of the electric and pneumatic type, have been known for many years. These nailers typically include a magazine that is adapted to hold a strip of nails which can be driven one at a time as the strip is advanced through a drive head and engaged by a reciprocating knife or hammer. Typically these magazines are adapted to hold a single size nail, therefore their flexibility is limited. While some power nailers have been provided with nail magazines that can hold different size nails, these have been generally quite bulky and expensive to manufacture. They are also sometimes difficult to use.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a nail magazine for a power nailer which can accommodate several different size nails.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a nail magazine for a power nailer which is relatively simple in construction.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a nail magazine for a power nailer which is relatively inexpensive in construction yet provides smooth and jam-free operation.


A remote control apparatus capable of communicating with a control apparatus of an autonomously running work vehicle via a communication apparatus, the remote control apparatus comprising a communication apparatus, a control apparatus, a display apparatus, and cameras for obtaining images of the front and rear, wherein the display apparatus is provided with at least a remote control region for controlling the autonomously running work vehicle, a peripheral image region for displaying images captured by the cameras, and a work status display region, wherein the peripheral image region is provided with a frontal view and a rear view.

Conventionally, an art in which a work machine attached to a tractor and working and a mobile phone are provided, the work machine has a receiving part receiving a wireless operation signal from the mobile phone and a control part controlling an output instrument based on the received operation signal, and operation buttons and an operation screen are provided in the mobile phone so that operation can be performed by the operation buttons is known (for example, see the Patent Literature 1).


Described is the use of acoustic data to improve grapheme-to-phoneme conversion for speech recognition, such as to more accurately recognize spoken names in a voice-dialing system. A joint model of acoustics and graphonemes (acoustic data, phonemes sequences, grapheme sequences and an alignment between phoneme sequences and grapheme sequences) is described, as is retraining by maximum likelihood training and discriminative training in adapting graphoneme model parameters using acoustic data. Also described is the unsupervised collection of grapheme labels for received acoustic data, thereby automatically obtaining a substantial number of actual samples that may be used in retraining. Speech input that does not meet a confidence threshold may be filtered out so as to not be used by the retrained model.

Grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) conversion is directed towards automatically generating pronunciations (or phoneme sequences) from word spellings (or grapheme sequences). Grapheme-to-phoneme is a widely used component in large-scale voice-dialing systems.
Many grapheme-to-phoneme systems are based on statistical models, which are trained using hand-authored pronunciation lexicons. However, the grapheme-phoneme relationships that occur in pronunciation lexicons, which are usually authored by linguists, often do not reflect how people pronounce words in practice, or may not cover enough variations. This makes such a grapheme-to-phoneme model less than ideal for speech-related tasks.
By way of example, consider recognizing names. One challenge is referred to as domain mismatch; some grapheme-phoneme relationships that occur in names may be lacking from a pronunciation lexicon. Although some names and their pronunciations may be added into the lexicon, it is unrealistic to do so at a large scale, as there may be an enormous number of unique names, and it is often the rare names that have irregular pronunciations.
Another challenge is speaker variability. People from different geographic regions and ethnic groups may pronounce the same name in different ways. A hand-authored pronunciation lexicon cannot reasonably capture such variations.

Grapheme-to-phoneme conversion using acoustic data


A floor system for a vehicle is provided. The floor system includes at least one floor panel having a top surface, a bottom surface and a first recess extending through the top surface, at least one primary coil device having at least one primary coil and a connection line, and at least one cover plate. The at least one primary coil device is positioned inside the first recess and the at least one cover plate is located in the recess above the at least one primary coil device so as to close the first recess flush with the top surface. It is possible to provide the at least one floor panel made from a carbon fiber reinforced material as it cannot electrically shield the at least one primary coil to a space above the top surface, when the at least one cover plate is made from a non-conductive material.

In commercial vehicles, especially in aircraft, passenger cabins are increasingly equipped with electrical and electronic devices for the purpose of increasing the comfort for passengers to make travelling more pleasant and relaxing. In particular, modern aircraft for long-haul operations are often equipped with in-flight entertainment systems (IFE), in seat power supply systems or electrical adjustment and massage systems. This requires the transfer of power and data from at least one central system in the aircraft to passenger seats or other installed equipment. It is known to transfer power and data between a first vehicle part, e.g. a floor, and a second vehicle part, e.g. a passenger seat, by means of transducers formed by primary magnetic elements and secondary magnetic elements.
For example, such a system is disclosed in DE 10 2008 024 217 A1. Here, alternating voltage is transferred from a primary coil to a secondary coil, wherein data may be modulated with a high frequency onto the alternating voltage to be transferred. Especially the floor inside the cabin of the aircraft needs to be equipped with a plurality of primary magnetic elements, while the passenger seats carry the corresponding secondary magnetic elements. It is known to provide the magnetic elements underneath the floor panels or inside seat rails.
In addition, other objects, desirable features and characteristics will become apparent from the subsequent summary and detailed description, and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and this background.

Floor system for a vehicle and a vehicle having a cabin and a floor made by such a floor system


A pixel circuit, a driving method therefor, and a display device. The pixel circuit comprises a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a fourth transistor, a fifth transistor, a sixth transistor, a seventh transistor, an eighth transistor, a storage capacitor, and a light-emitting device. The pixel circuit can avoid the influence of drifting of a threshold voltage on brightness uniformity and constancy of a display.

With the rapid progress of display technology, semiconductor element technology, as the core of display devices, has also made a leap in advancement. For known display devices, Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED for short) are being used more and more in high-performance display areas as a current-type light emitting device because of having characteristics such as self-luminescence, fast responding, wide viewing angle, and capability of being fabricated on flexible substrates. OLED may be divided into two types of Passive Matrix Driving OLED (PMOLED for short) and Active Matrix Driving OLED (AMOLED for short), AMOLED display is expected to replace liquid crystal display (LCD for short) to be a next-generation new flat panel display, for it has advantages such as low manufacturing cost, high response speed, power saving, capability of being applied to DC driving of portable devices, a wide range of working temperature etc.
However, in technical solutions of the prior art, as for a large-sized AMOLED display, a plurality of thin film transistors (TFTs for short) are disposed on an array substrate of the AMOLED display. In order to increase carrier mobility of said TFTs and reduce resistivity, and thereby lessen power consumption when the same current flows through, usually polysilicon is adopted to constitute said TFTs. However, due to manufacturing process and characteristics of polysilicon, when a TFT switching circuit is fabricated on a glass substrate of a large area, often there are fluctuations of electrical parameters such as threshold voltage Vth, mobility and so on, so that the current flowing through the OLED device not only changes with a change of on-voltage stress caused by long-term turning-on of the TFTs, but also varies depending on drifting of the threshold voltage Vth of the TFTs. In this way, luminance uniformity and luminance constancy of the display will be affected.
In summary, in displaying process of the AMOLED display, luminance uniformity may be decreased due to drifting of the threshold voltage, which may cause an image quality of the display to be lowered.

Pixel circuit, driving method therefor, and display device including the pixel circuit


Provided are heat sink BGA packages with thermally enhanced mold compounds to further facilitate heat transfer from the die out of the package. Packages in accordance with the present invention incorporate mold compounds with ceramic fillers. The ceramic filled mold compound facilitates the heat transfer between the encapsulated die and the heat sink, thereby enhancing the thermal performance of the package.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to methods and assemblies connecting semiconductor die to substrates. More particularly, the present invention relates thermal enhancements to heat sink BGA semiconductor packages.
2. Description of the Related Art
Semiconductor wafer fabrication involves a series of processes used to create semiconductor devices and integrated circuits (ICs) in and on a semiconductor wafer surface. Once the integrated circuits on the wafer are completed the wafer is sliced into sections known as die. The die are then typically packaged by mounting on substrates composed of an organic material or laminate to protect them and facilitate their electrical connection to external circuitry.
In BGA (ball grid array) semiconductor packaging, an individual semiconductor die is mounted and electrically connected to a die side of a substrate. The other side of the substrate has an array bonding pads bearing solder balls (a ball grid array (BGA)) by which electrical connection can be made to external circuitry, generally on a printed circuit board (PCB). The die is mounted on the substrate by a epoxy adhesive and electrical pads on the top of the die are then wire bonded to electrical pads on the bonding fingers of the substrate to complete the electrical connection of the die to the substrate.
Heat dissipation is a major factor in integrated circuit reliability. In order to improve heat dissipation from the die in the BGA package, a heat sink is often employed. One design incorporates an exposed drop-in heat sink. A heat sink, generally composed of a conductive metal such as copper is bonded, for example, by soldering or with a thermal adhesive, to the substrate. This drop-in heat sink is configured to at least partially surround the die, without contacting it or the wire bonds between it and the substrate.
The package is then sealed by a mold compound, or encapsulant, in a molding operation. A polymeric mold composition heated above its flow temperature is applied over the die on the substrate and molded to form a housing for the die. The sealed package protects the die from breakage, and hazardous environmental contaminants. The top of the heat sink is exposed at the top of the mold compound to facilitate heat dissipation. Upon further cooling, the mold compound cures and the package is ready for bonding to a PCB.
While such heat sink BGA packages have improved heat dissipation from BGA packages, further enhancements to BGA package heat dissipation would be desirable.

Thermally enhanced heat sink BGA package


The apparatus of the present invention uses fluid motor driven rotating hooks mounted within the rear opening of a refuse collection vehicle. These hooks grasp and lift dumpsters by their trunnion bars and pull them into the vehicle. Following the initial hook motion, a lever pivots upwardly to invert tile receptacle and empty its contents. In another feature, there is provided an accessory for attachment to the rotating hooks for grasping and dumping smaller containers. This device uses a cam-actuated mechanism that operates during initial rotation of tile hooks. The cam actuates linkage which grasps the lower handle of the container and the complete rotation of the hooks inverts the container.

Field of the Invention
This invention relates to apparatus for lifting and dumping a receptacle during trash collection. More particularly this invention relates to apparatus for efficiently dumping a container, such as a dumpster, into a refuse gathering vehicle having a rear opening.
Description of the Prior Art
Large receptacles, generally referred to as dumpsters, have been difficult to efficiently dump into refuse collection vehicles. These dumpsters present laterally extending bar members (referred to as trunnion bars) from their upper front, and these bars are used to grasp, lift and dump the container in cooperation with a lower foot member. Prior systems have generally required operator intervention to attach the dumpster to the lifting apparatus. Chains are extended from the vehicle to hook onto the trunnion bars, and retraction of the chains pulls the dumpster into the vehicle cavity.

Apparatus for lifting and dumping a receptacle


The solution introduces a method and system in a network node of a telecommunication network such as the MME. The method includes receiving, from an eNodeB, an attach request that originated from a UE, the attach request including an identifier associated with a subscriber of the UE; checking a UE blacklist to determine whether the identifier in the attach request is on the UE blacklist; in response to the UE identifier being on the UE blacklist: rejecting the attach request; updating a success rate metric to reflect the failed attach request; comparing the success rate metric to a threshold; and in response to a decrease in the success rate metric below the threshold, recognizing a malicious attack and taking mitigating steps.

The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) unites six telecommunications standards bodies, known as "Organizational Partners," and provides their members with a stable environment to produce the highly successful Reports and Specifications that define 3GPP technologies. A mobile device, also called a User Equipment (UE), may operate in a wireless communication network that provides high-speed data and/or voice communications. The wireless communication networks may implement circuit-switched (CS) and/or packet-switched (PS) communication protocols to provide various services. For example, the UE may operate in accordance with one or more radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) as part of an Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS and LTE (Long Term Evolution) are described in specification documents from 3GPP. These various radio technologies and standards are known in the art.
The Evolved Packet Core (EPC) is the latest evolution of the 3GPP core network architecture first introduced in Release 8 of the standard. In EPC, the user data and the signaling data are separated into the user plane and the control plane. The EPC is composed of four basic network elements: the Serving Gateway (SGW), the Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN GW or PGW), the Mobility Management Entity (MME), and the Home Subscriber Server (HSS). The EPC is connected to external networks, which can include the IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (IMS).
Due to the architecture of the LTE, the MME is exposed to all signaling generated in the access networks. These signaling demands may overload the capacity limits of the MME, especially in the event of malicious attacks, such as Denial of Service (DOS) attacks. Signaling overload may cause delays, packet loss, or even service outages.

System and method for detecting malicious attacks in a telecommunication network