An airway epithelial cell line (CF/T43) was developed by infecting cultured cystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelial cells with the pZIPneoSV(X)1/SV40T retrovirus and selecting for Genetian (G418) resistance and ion transport properties. The distinctive chloride secretory phenotype of CF/T43 [an apical membrane chloride permeability (P.sub.cl -) activated by calcium-mediated, but not by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent agonists] was not perturbed by SV40T-induced cell transformation. Epithelial cell lines generated from CF cells with the SV40T gene can be used to test candidate CF genes, to evaluate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the CF phenotype and to test putative therapeutic CF drugs.

The present invention relates to a transformed epithelial cell line that maintains the abnormal ion transport characteristics of cystic fibrosis while extending the proliferation capability beyond that of a primary epithelial cell culture. Moreover it relates to the testing of putative therapeutic compounds on such transformed cells as well as to applying genetic complementation analysis of candidate cystic fibrosis genes on such transformed cells.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease that affects epithelia of the airways, sweat glands, pancreas, and other organs. Abnormal regulation of transport proteins in the apical cell membrane, including the conductive Cl.sup.- channel, is the direct effect of the abnormal gene.
There is a pressing need to develop treatments for CF. Based on what is presently known of the biochemical effects resulting from the genetic defect it may be possible to find compounds that are able to ameliorate the effects of the disease. In the case of many physiological defects therapeutic drugs have been identified using isolated cells for rapid mass screening of candidate drugs. Therefore it would be ideal to have such a screening system for CF.
CF abnormalities are exhibited in primary cultures of CF epithelial cells however the difficulties associated with obtaining tissue and with growing isolated cells from the tissue currently restricts the approach described above. A number of other human epithelial cell types have previously been transformed by SV40T genes in attempts to enhance the growth potential of the cell line including human bronchial epithelial cells (Reddel et al., Cancer Research 48, 1904-1909, 1988). The epithelial cell line of this invention with its expanded growth potential increases the availability of phenotypic cystic fibrosis cells making possible screening of putative therapeutic drugs and analysis of cystic fibrosis genes.

Epithelial cell line expressing a cystic fibrosis phenotype

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services


An adjustable armrest includes a housing with opposite walls. Each of the walls has a bore formed in it. The boxes support a pivot pin with a gear so that the armrest is pivotable on the pin. A ratchet with a pawl is pivotably connected to and carried by the armrest. The ratchet is also configured so that the pawl may engage the gear to define incremental ratcheting movement of the armrest on the pin when the armrest is pivoted in one direction. There is also provided a cam ring selectively movable with the armrest for rotational engagement with the gear. The cam ring has an exterior cam surface that contacts a portion of the ratchet and pivots the ratchet clear of engagement with the gear when the armrest is pivoted in another direction. The new armrest incorporates fewer components lowering cost of production, improving torsion force and load bearing capabilities, improving life of the furniture piece and strengthening armrest and furniture piece assembly.

The present invention relates to furniture and, more particularly, to an adjustable armrest device. Furniture pieces, such as chairs, lounges, sofas and the like, often include armrests that are made to pivotably adjust relative to a back support/element. Armrests may be made to move from the vertical to the horizontal. This is often desirable in aircraft, vehicle, RV, watercraft and certain other applications where space is a commodity, that is, where passengers are made to move in and out and in between tight spaces where armrests tend to protrude. Thus, armrests do not just support an individual's arms while seated. An armrest also serves as a grab handle.
This feet cuts short substantially the lifecycle of armrests that are designed to be adjustable at points between the vertical and horizontal positions so as to provide optimum comfort for their reclining occupants, i.e., incrementally adjustable armrests. Their lifecycles are approximately 10,000 cycles. Conventional armrest devices that are adjustable incrementally cannot bear up under typical grab handle loads. Load bearing on the order of 1,400-1,600 Newton (N) horizontal and 2,300-2,500 N in the vertical range is required for proper and reliable operation. Conventional armrests tend to be complex in design and have too many moving parts. The parts connecting the armrest to the back and which facilitate incremental adjustment of the armrest relative to the back support bend, wear and eventually break.
Thus, it would be advantageous to provide an improved adjustable armrest device capable of meeting load requirements greater than 2,400 N (vertical force) and 1,500 N (horizontal force). When compared with existing units, such adjustable devices should be capable of being produced without adding to the weight or manufacturing cost of those now available. The device should have fewer moving parts for easy manufacture and assembly in high volume production. It is also desirable to provide an improved adjustable armrest having a longer useful life.
It is finally highly desirable to provide a new adjustable device for connecting an armrest to a furniture piece that incorporates fewer components lowering cost of production, improving torsion force and load bearing capabilities, improving life of the furniture piece and strengthening armrest and furniture piece assembly.


A solar panel array includes a number of elongate printed circuit boards (PCBs), each PCB supporting a number of individual solar cells linearly mounted thereon and electrically connected in series to form a solar panel, and a number of hinge assemblies, each hinge assembly including two or more hinge bodies, two backing plates, one spring, and one hinge pin, the hinge assemblies mounted between adjacent solar panels using conventional hardware in a manner connecting them together such that they may be folded over one another in a fanfold arrangement or deployed out to one hundred and eighty degrees.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is in the field of solar energy collection and pertains particularly to methods and apparatus for electrically interconnecting solar cells and panels deployed in a solar panel array.
2. Discussion of the State of the Art
In the art of solar power generation, multiple solar cells are often mounted on a substrate to form a solar panel capable of high efficiency generation of solar energy (electricity). Nearly all spacecraft including solar-powered vehicles have solar cells to gather energy from the Sun. Typically speaking, solar cells used in such implementations have an efficiency rating of greater than twenty-eight percent. In most implementations, epoxies, silicone, acrylic, and or RTV-class adhesives are used to mechanically attach multiple solar cells to a substrate. Substrates are typically aluminum honeycomb-type sandwiches with electrically conductive or non-conductive pads to connect solar cells to.
Soldering and spot/laser-welding are methods, which are commonly employed to forge electrical connections to and between the solar cells. It is known to the inventor that printed circuit boards (PCBs) have been used as substrates for solar panels and are provided at a standardized thickness of approximately sixty-two thousandths of an inch. Besides the ability to forge conductive traces, PCB substrates have a multitude of vias placed vertically there through to conduct heat from one side of the solar panel to the other. The supported solar cells may be interconnected in series or in parallel topologies depending on a variety of factors, including available real estate, power system capabilities, and mission requirements. Among many challenges with efficient spacing of solar cells on a solar panel substrate is electrically interconnecting the solar cells and panels without depending on added real estate. Solar panels are typically interconnected using wiring and or cabling that can contend with real estate reserved for solar cells.
Therefore, what is clearly needed is a solar panel array and method of manufacture and assembly that enables electrical interconnection in a manner that preserves real estate on the panel for more solar cell coverage.


Improved thin film transistor array panels are provided. In one embodiment, a panel includes a plurality of gate lines, data lines, and a plurality of switching elements connected to the gate lines and the data lines. An interlayer insulating layer is formed between the gate lines and the data lines. A passivation layer covering the gate lines, the data lines, and the switching elements is also provided having a plurality of first contact holes exposing portions of the data lines, wherein the switching elements and the pixel electrodes are connected through the first contact holes. A plurality of contact assistants are formed on the passivation layer and are connected to the data lines through a plurality of second contact holes in the passivation layer. A plurality of auxiliary lines are connected to the data lines through a plurality of third contact holes in the interlayer insulating layer.

(a) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to thin film transistor array panels.
(b) Description of Related Art
Flat panel displays such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light emitting displays (OLEDs) typically include display panels having a plurality of pixels, a plurality of signal lines connected to the pixels, a plurality of drivers for driving the display panel, and a controller for controlling the drivers.
The drivers usually include a plurality of integrated circuit (IC) chips that are mounted on flexible printed circuit (FPC) films attached to the display panel or mounted directly on the display panel. The driver chips are supplied with control signals and driving voltages from a printed circuit board (PCB) having a plurality of circuit elements, including the controller and a voltage generator, mounted thereon.
When the driving chips are mounted directly on the display panel, the end portions of the signal lines extend to contact areas outside the display area where the signal lines are electrically and physically connected to output terminals. The contact areas include a plurality of conductive films and the end portions of the signal lines. The contact areas are provided between the display panel and the PCB for transmitting control signals, driving voltages, and image data.
Unfortunately, connections between the conductive films and driving chips at the contact areas are often inferior, resulting in corrosion of the conductive films by etchants used to disconnect the signal lines during the manufacture of display panels. Accordingly, there is a need for an improved approach to providing connections between signal lines and driving chips of display panels

Thin film transistor array panel including assistant lines


An output circuit device has an output circuit connected between a first power supply line and a second power supply line via a control circuit having at least one isolating transistor. A control voltage held at a constant level is applied to a control electrode of the isolating transistor, and the control voltage is a voltage at a level that works to attenuate high-frequency components contained in a voltage supplied from the first or the second power supply line.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a signal transmission technology for enabling high-speed signal transmission between a plurality of LSI chips or a plurality of devices or circuit blocks within a single chip, or between a plurality of boards or cabinets, and more particularly to an output circuit device to be used for clock signal distribution in high-speed signal transmission, and a system constructed with such output circuit devices.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, the performance of components used in computers and other information processing apparatuses has been greatly improved. In particular, dramatic improvements have been made, for example, in the performance of processors and semiconductor memory devices such as SRAMs (Static Random Access Memories) and DRAMs (Dynamic Random Access Memories). The improvements in the performance of semiconductor memory devices, processors, etc. have reached the point where system performance cannot be improved further unless the speed of signal transmission between components or elements is increased.
Specifically, the speed gap between a memory such as a SRAM or DRAM and a processor (i.e., between LSIS), for example, has been widening, and in recent years, this speed gap has been becoming a bottleneck in a computer's performance. Further, not only the speed of signal transmission between such chips, but because of increasing integration and increasing size of chips, decreasing supply voltage levels (decreasing signal amplitude levels), etc. the speed of signal transmission between elements or circuit blocks within a single chip is also becoming a major factor limiting the performance of the chip. Moreover, the speed of signal transmission between a peripheral device and the processor/chipset also is becoming a major factor limiting the overall performance of the system.
Here, a technique for distributing a clock for accurate timing becomes important when it comes to increasing the speed of signal transmission within a cabinet or between circuit blocks or chips. That is, as the timing accuracy of the distributed clock directly affects the accuracy of receive timing and also the timing accuracy of a signal to be generated, a buffer that can minimize the occurrence of jitter must be used as a clock buffer for clock distribution. This applies not only to the clock distribution buffer, but also to various other output circuit devices that are required to operate at high speed with accurate timing.
In the prior art, it was difficult to provide an output circuit device that can operate at high speed with accurate timing by minimizing the occurrence of jitter.
The prior art and its associated problem will be described in detail later with reference to relevant drawings.

Output circuit device for clock signal distribution in high-speed signal transmission


A toy figure configured in the shape of a toy doll, or toy animal or the like is disclosed. The toy figure includes a trunk portion having a substantially hollow interior and a head and limb portions. The trunk portion has a plurality of groups of slots, with each group of slots having individual slots in communication with one another. A plurality of deformable elastic members, preferably rubber cords, are attached to the interior of the trunk. Each deformable elastic member is led through one slot of at least one group of slots. The head and each limb is attached to one of the elastic members which are under sufficient tension to hold a substantially flat mating surface of each limb in contact with the trunk. The head and each of the limbs may be repositioned relative to the trunk by moving the corresponding elastic member from one slot to another within the same group of slots.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to a toy figure configured to simulate a human being or an animal, and particularly to a toy figure having articulated head and limb portions which are positionable at the option of a player in a plurality of different positions relative to a trunk of the toy figure.
2. Brief Description of the Prior Art
Toy dolls and toy figures configured in the shape of various animals have been known for a very long time in the toy manufacturing arts. Toy dolls and toy figures having articulated head and limb members have also been known for a long time.
In several toy dolls of the prior art, the head and the limbs of the toy doll are attached to a main body or trunk portion by rubber bands, rubber cords and like elastic members. U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,611,998 and 2,966,762 describe such toy dolls. In these toys a cavity or cup is provided to receive and frictionally engage a respective male member or stud which is located on the respective head and limb portions of the toy. The rubber bands or cords are disposed within the trunk portion and are under sufficient tension to hold the attached head and limb members in engagement with the respective cavities or cups.
The above described structures permit at least a limiting pivoting movement of the head and limb members relative to the main body or trunk portion. Nevertheless, they do not permit a significant repositioning of the head and limb members relative to the trunk. More explicitly stated, these structures do not permit a temporary removal of either the head or the limb members from engagement with the trunk and a subsequent repositioning of the head or limb members in a configuration wherein they are in contact with a different portion of the outer surface of the trunk or main body portion.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,577,673 describes a toy comprising a plurality of block elements which may be arranged in a plurality of angular configurations. The block elements are provided with a plurality of slots on their several exterior surfaces and are attached to one another by a deformable elastic member such as a rubber cord. The elastic member is led or pulled through cavities or holes which are formed to penetrate through the entire body of the block elements and which are in communication with the slots. Each block element may be brought into contact with one of several exterior surfaces of another block element by placing the connecting elastic member in a different slot.
The toy manufacturing arts are constantly striving to create novel toys which appeal to the imagination and enhance the manual dexterity of the children playing with the toys. Therefore, there is a need in the prior art for a toy figure or doll having head and limb members which may be placed in a plurality of positions in contact with different portions of the outer surface of the trunk or main body member. Such a desirable arrangement allows a large freedom of movement of the head and limb members relative to the trunk, and is provided in the toy figure of the present invention.

Toy figure having repositionable head and limbs


A coil-laying head for a wire-coiling apparatus has a tubular body centered on and rotatable about an axis, a generally spiral guide tube having an inlet end at the axis and an outlet end opening generally tangentially of the axis at a radial spacing from the axis, and a helicoidal mounting plate having an inner edge fixed to the body and an outer edge secured to the tube. A helicoidal counterweight plate is fixed to the tubular body diametrally opposite the mounting plate and has radial and axial dimensions, at least one of which varies such that any section of the counterweight plate counterbalances a corresponding diametrally opposite section of the guide tube and mounting plate. The counterweight plate has a resonant frequency and the body has a nominal maximum rotation speed that is less than the resonant frequency.

Wire or rod (hereinafter termed "wire" only) is formed at high speed in a rolling or drawing mill and is delivered in straight condition to a coiler that forms it into a succession of large-diameter turns that it deposits on a surface, normally a conveyor of some type. Thence the coiled wire is moved through subsequent treatment steps such as heat treatment, descaling, pickling, or simply cooling. It is critical that the wire be deposited in uniformly shaped and spaced coils so that the subsequent treatment stage is effective.
The typical coiling system comprises a coiler head carrying a guide tube twisted in three dimensions and having an upstream end opening axially in line with an axis about which the head is rotated and a downstream end which opens at a location radially offset from the axis and directed generally tangentially. The straight wire is fed into the upstream end of the guide tube as the head is rotated about its axis so that as the wire passes through the tube it is bent into an arcuate shape and will fall in a coil when leaving the downstream end of the tube.
The guide tube is of uniform cross-section but starts at a location at the axis directed axially upstream and moves through a spiral to a location spaced well out from the axis and opening tangentially, so that it forms a complexly oriented offcenter mass between its ends. The tube is carried on the outer edge of a thin helical mounting plate having an inner edge secured on a helix on the support tube and an outer edge that diverges from the axis downstream and that is clipped to the guide tube. Obviously if the coil-laying head is rotated at high speed there will be considerable throw.
Accordingly it is standard practice to provide a plurality of counterweight blocks and/or several axially extending counterweight ribs on the support tube. Such arrangements make at best an approximation of uniform distribution of mass about the axis, creating some vibration at high speeds. Furthermore they are subject to deformation when in use and any offcenter problems are often aggravated.
In another known system a spiral rod mounted on a helical mounting plate is provided diametrally opposite the guide tube so as to offset its mass. Constructing such a counterweighted head is very difficult as the parts must be welded together and many of the seam areas are very difficult to get into. In addition this system is only partially effective since at high speeds the stiffening plates deform and allow their centers of mass to move somewhat, and the thermal expansion occurring during operation also causes deformations that displace the various centers of mass.


An agricultural baler has a shaft, a flywheel connected to the shaft, a plunger connected to the flywheel via a crank, a brake system adapted for providing a brake force for decelerating the flywheel, at least one sensor for providing sensor data indicative for at least one moving part of the baler, and a brake control system comprising a processing system, e.g. a processor provided with an algorithm for stopping the crank in a predefined launch position range, based on a mathematical model.

The vast majority of balers does not have its own engine, but is towed by a tractor, and is powered by coupling the power take-off (PTO) shaft of the tractor to an input shaft of the baler. The baler further has a flywheel connected to the input shaft, and a gearbox that drives the various mechanisms in the baler to pick-up the crop from a field, to form the crop into bales and to wrap twine and/or foil around the bales.
A one-way clutch is typically arranged between the PTO shaft and the flywheel to allow the flywheel to rotate faster than the PTO shaft. The baler input shaft can be operatively decoupled from the tractor PTO, e.g. for transportation of the baler from one field to the other.
A large and heavy flywheel is required in a baler, especially in so called "large square balers", or "high density balers" to overcome peak loads encountered by the baler gearbox, which occurs e.g. when the plunger of the baler compresses the crop material in the bale chamber when forming the bales. By using a flywheel with a high inertia and running at a high speed (e.g. 1000 rpm), peak energy for the peak loads can be delivered by the flywheel, which slightly slows down during each compression, and which is accelerated again by the tractor PTO between two compressions. However, the high inertia of the flywheel creates a problem when starting the baler. The PTO shaft when driven by the tractor engine at the speed at which it needs to turn to drive the baler during normal operation, may not be able to provide the high torque needed to bring the flywheel up to its steady speed (e.g. 1000 rpm). As a result, when the baler is hitched to the tractor and its flywheel is connected to the tractor PTO shaft, the tractor engine may stall or a safety mechanism may declutch the PTO from the tractor engine on account of the high load on the PTO shaft when the baler is started.
A solution to this problem proposed in EP1974601 is to use a hydraulic motor to supplement the torque provided by the PTO shaft when starting the baler flywheel. This solution is not entirely satisfactory because it requires a powerful hydraulic motor, with a power comparable to that of the tractor PTO.
Another solution to this problem is disclosed in WO2011060995, where a tractor with a change speed gearbox is described, which allows the baler to start-up in two phases. In the first phase the flywheel is accelerated to a first speed using a first transmission ratio of the change speed gearbox, and in the second phase the flywheel is accelerated to a second speed using a second transmission ratio of the change speed gearbox. A disadvantage of this technique is that it requires a tractor with a change speed gearbox.

Agricultural baler with flywheel brake control


A method for conducting a media consumption study, includes at a processor of a position marker placed in a study site in a vicinity of a fixed media device; receiving a signal broadcast from a personal measurement device; determining signal information of the received broadcast signal, the signal information including identification information of the personal measurement device, and one or mora signal characteristics; comparing the one or more signal characteristics to threshold values; and based on the comparison, determining the personal measurement device is in proximity to the fixed media device.

Media consumptions studies attempt to estimate population behaviors based on observed activities of a population sample. A panel operator designs a panel, which consists of volunteers (known typically as panelists) who agree to be monitored white engaging in specific activities, such as watching television. The panelists' behaviors are recorded and analyzed, and then extrapolated to the larger population.
Assembling such a panel may be time consuming and expensive. Furthermore, errors in the data collection efforts will adversely affect the validity of any analysis and extrapolation. Finally, panelists may find the monitoring process to be cumbersome and inconvenient.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Personal measurement devices for media consumption studies


A temperature-dependent base desired value for the opening angle is determined in a method for precontrolling the opening angle of a throttle flap during the idle engine-speed control of an internal combustion engine. This temperature-dependent base desired value is then modified within a start-time duration. The modification takes place in that, during start, a temperature-dependent angle increase is determined which is multiplied by a time-reduced multiplier factor and the product is additively superposed on the base desired value. With this procedure, and notwithstanding the simple method sequence, it is ensured that the start phase of a warm internal combustion engine takes place without engine-speed increases. It is especially advantageous to modify additional engine-speed base desired values in a corresponding manner. In this case, hardly any additional measures must be undertaken which go beyond those which must be undertaken to modify the base desired value for the opening angle of the throttle flap. For cold starts, an increase of the engine speed is obtained in the start phase without the danger being present that the increase takes place for warm engines.

In conventional methods, a coarse adjustment of the angle takes place with the aid of the mentioned precontrol while the fine adjustment takes place via an engine-speed closed-loop control. One such conventional method will be explained in greater detail with reference to FIG. 2.
The throttle flap (DK) 10 has an opening angle which is to be adjusted and is arranged on an internal combustion engine 11. An actuator element (not shown) is assigned to the throttle flap 10 and is driven by the output signal of an idle controller 12 in order to adjust the throttle flap angle to a desired value DK.sub.-- SOLL. For this purpose, a first subtraction point 13 receives the above-mentioned desired value DK.sub.-- SOLL as well as the actual value DK.sub.-- IST in order to form the difference between the two values. The position controller 12 controls based on this difference, that is, based on the control deviation in the opening angle.
The desired value DK.sub.-- SOLL for the throttle flap angle is made up of two components, namely, a precontrol value DK.sub.-- VOR and a control value DK.sub.-- REG which are combined additively in a precontrol point 14. The value DK.sub.-- REG is the output signal of an engine-speed controller 15 which forms this output signal in dependence upon the control deviation between an engine-speed desired value N.sub.-- SOLL and the engine-speed actual value N.sub.-- IST with the control deviation being generated in a second subtraction point 16. The desired engine speed N.sub.-- SOLL is read out from an engine-speed characteristic field 17 in dependence upon the engine temperature. The precontrol value DK.sub.-- VOR is the second value supplied to the precontrol point 14 and is the result of a multiple modification of a basic desired value DK.sub.-- SOLL for the opening angle of the throttle flap. Base desired values are read out from an opening-angle characteristic field 18 in dependence upon the engine temperature. A modification then possibly takes place in a multiplier point 19 which will be discussed further below. Thereafter, a multiplicative or additive combining with correction variables takes place in a combining point 20. The correction variables are supplied from a correction component 21. Load-dependent corrections are of concern here. For example, to maintain the desired idle engine speed, the throttle flap angle must be increased if an air conditioner is switched on.
The correction in the multiplier point 19 is essential in connection with the following. A start phase correction is of concern here having a time-reduced multiplier factor FAKSTA represented by block 8 and which is set to a maximum value such as the value two when the engine is started and then decays to the value one within several seconds. The start of the engine is indicated via the signal of an ignition lock 22. As a result of the foregoing, the temperature-dependent base desired value DK.sub.-- GRUNDSOLL for the opening angle of the throttle flap is modified to increase this angle during the starting phase to ensure that the engine 11 is supplied with more air and more fuel in this time duration.
It is noted that for an actual idle control still further correction values are effective and that an adaption is especially present. Details of this kind are, however, without significance with respect to the subject matter at hand.
The known method described above with respect to FIG. 2 has the disadvantage that the start factor FAKSTA is always operative in the start phase. This leads to the condition that even during starting of an engine which is warm, a throttle value DK.sub.-- SOLL occurs which is relatively high and which causes an unwanted increase in engine speed for this operating condition. This disadvantage has up until now been accepted in order to maintain, when starting a cold engine, the increase of the opening angle of the throttle flap which is required during starting.
The problem has long existed to provide a method and an arrangement for precontrolling the opening angle of a throttle flap to permit, for a simple operation, an increase of the opening angle of the throttle flap in the starting phase of a cold engine which, however, does not lead to this kind of increase for a warm engine.

Method and arrangement for the idle closed-loop control of an internal combustion engine


A countertop appliance for automatically making a plurality of disk-shaped edibles comprising a dough maker for mixing and kneading the desired dough ingredients, the dough maker having a discharge valve that releases a portion of the mixed dough onto one of four circular platens of a transfer carousel. The platens rotate in a circular plane, so that once a dough portion is dropped to the platen, the transfer carousel rotates the platens, and in the next position a shaper plate flattens the dough portion on a platen. When a dough portion is properly shaped, the platen is rotated to a position where it inverts and the dough is dropped onto a conveyor. The conveyor moves the dough portions along a path, past heating elements that cook the dough, until the finished cooked dough products are dropped from the conveyor.

Invention and use of devices to aid in food production is known to the public. Currently available is a whole array of automated mixing, flattening, and cooking devices designed to simplify the production process of flat dough products such as tortillas, puri, papadam and chapati.
Commonly known mixing devices include beaters, blenders, and food processors. While these devices are capable of mixing together a wide variety of various ingredients, they are often incapable of appropriately mixing and kneading ingredients in the fashion necessary to produce dough. To fulfill this need, several special mixing devices are designed specifically to produce dough.
One such dough mixer is detailed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,630,930 by Samuel O. Seiling in 1986. This invention mixes the desired ingredients at a high rate of speed in a first chamber. The blending of ingredients is performed by a helical shaped agitator without a central shaft which rotates to force the mix toward one end of the chamber. A common hatchway between the chambers is opened and the agitator spirals to force the mix toward one end of the chamber. A common hatchway between the chambers is opened and the agitator spirals to force the mix through the opening into the second chamber for further development of the mix. After the completion of the developing cycle, the fully prepared dough is exhausted from the chamber by two rotating roller bars which substantially pulls the entire mass from the chamber leaving limited waste behind. Each segment of the cycle is performed continuously so that a new fully developed dough batch is readied every one-half cycle time. U.S. Pat. No. 4,504,152 to Moller et al. in 1985 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,465,700 to Kenneth Ball in 1984 detail similar dough mixing devices.
While these devices are convenient for mixing dough ingredients, and are a substantial improvement over manual kneading, they are limited to merely mixing ingredients, and thereby still require the user to manually flatten the dough with a rolling pin or the like. Since this flattening process can be rather time consuming and strenuous, several dough flatteners have been invented.
An example of a flattening device is detailed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,806,090 issued to Patrick Finlay in 1989. This device comprises a turntable defining a planar surface and a conical roller means adapted to cooperate with the turntable and define a rolling line in the region of the roller close to the planar surface. The turntable is rotatable to permit effective movement between the rolling line and the turntable. The apparatus further includes a means to cause the roller and turntable to move from a relative spaced apart position to an operative position with a reduced spacing for a predetermined operational period of time.
Other flattening device embodiments include U.S. Pat. No. 4,683,813 issued to George Schultz in 1985, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,972,672 issued to Thomas Luke in 1976. Schultz' device flattens portions of dough by pressing them between a rotatable disc and a press plate, while Luke's invention flattens dough portions by means of a band that passes through two or three pulleys, thereby squeezing the dough between the pulleys.
While these, and other similar devices can effectively flatten dough, they often have several disadvantages. First of all, these devices can often only accommodate small dough portions for buns or the like, and cannot flatten a portion large enough to be formed into larger products, such as tortillas. In addition, many of these devices do not include means for adjusting the thickness of the flattened dough. Thus, all dough products to be flattened must be of a singular thickness, which is not always desirable in the production of several different products. And finally, all such flatteners are limited in that they are capable only of flattening pre-kneaded dough. As such, while these devices effectively eliminate the need for manual rolling-pin flattening, they still require that the user manually knead the dough ingredients before employing the use of the flattener.
To remedy the lack of device capability and capitalize on the advantages of both mixing devices and flatteners, Minoru Kageyama et al. introduced an apparatus capable of both mixing ingredients and flattening the resulting dough into a single sheet in U.S. Pat. No. 5,272,962 issued in 1993. In this device, the dough ingredients are mixed with particles of ice, such that the particles of ice do not melt, thereby making a dough mixture. This mixture is then pressed from the machine, onto a conveyor belt and formed into a continuos belt-like dough mixture having a uniform width and thickness. When the ice particles are melted, the dough mixture is hydrated and stretched so that a continuos sheet of dough having a gluten network is provided. However, a substantial disadvantage of this apparatus is that again the thickness of the flattened dough cannot be adjusted, thereby necessitating that all dough products be of the same thickness. In addition, unless the dough is to be made into a product requiring long sheets of dough, such as some pizza crusts or pastas, the resulting sheet of dough must be reshaped and additionally flattened or thickened in accordance with its particular manifestation.
The invention of simultaneous flattening and baking devices has eliminated the need for these flatteners in the production of tortillas and the like, as they accept a ball of dough. One such device, issued in U.S. Pat. No. 3,880,064 to Maria Navar Martinez in 1975, functions similarly to commonly used waffle irons and the like. This invention allows dough balls to be placed on an electrically heated base plate. A lid plate is hinged to the base plate and includes an extending handle bar which serves as a lever in raising and lowering the lid plate to disengage or engage with the base plate. As downward pressure is applied to the lid plate, the dough ball is flattened between the two plates. The two plates are held together until the desired cooking of the flattened dough is achieved. This invention is especially designed to flatten and cook tortillas, crepes and wafers.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,281,025 issued to John Longenecker in 1981 details a method for shaping and precooking tortilla dough that allows a portion of dough to be inserted into a region between the arcuate outer surface of a heated rotatable drum and the arcuate surface of a heated compression plate. The plate is pivotally mounted and swung into position parallel to the surface of the drum to compress the dough while the drum is in a stop-phase of step motion. Thereafter, the plate is swung out of position and the dram is then rotated to cause the compressed dough to pass under the pivotally fixed end of the plate and out of the region.
Another device that allows for simultaneous flattening and cooking of dough portions is detailed by Robert Escamilla et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 5,095,813 in 1992. This invention includes a pair of cooperating heating and pressing plates that are mounted between vertical side frames of a supporting frame structure. The one heating and pressing unit is fixedly mounted at an angle to the horizontal sufficient to insure the gravitational discharge of the baked tortilla. The movable plate is shifted by a manually operable cam.
These and other like devices provide a convenient means for shaping, flattening and cooking tortillas and other similar food products. However, many of these devices are limited in their capabilities. For example, the above mentioned devices are only able to produce one tortilla at a time. Thus, a new ball of dough cannot be placed in the device until the previous tortilla is completed. This is inconvenient for quick use, and especially undesirable in meal preparation, as it results in the initial tortillas being cold by the time the entire batch of dough has been shaped and cooked. In addition, these devices are not convenient for producing a large batch of dough, as the user must be present at all times to monitor the device, remove cooked products, and add new dough portions to the apparatus. And finally, these devices face drawbacks in that they are only capable of accepting pre-mixed dough, thus necessitating manual kneading of the dough prior to use.
Thus, for maximum ease and convenience, a user would have to employ the use of both a mixing device and a flattening/cooking device. Not only is this expensive and space ineffiecient, but by using two independent devices, the system of producing a food product is limited by the disadvantages of both devices.
The present invention allows all these functions to be accomplished through one integrated machine that provides all of the advantages and none of the disadvantages of the prior art. The present invention provides further related advantages as described in the summary below.

Countertop appliance for making disc-shaped edibles

10 Sai Kripa Soc., Watertank, Anandnagar


A connector structure includes a printed board (4), a connector (1) having a frame (11) in which terminals (3) are engaged and a mechanism member (2) being assembled to the connector (1). The mechanism member (2) is provided with a mechanism part (21) to draw a mating connector into the mechanism member (2). The mechanism member (2) and the connector (1) are constituted in different bodies. The mechanism member (2) is provided with a hood part (22) for engagement with the frame (11) of the connector (1). In assembling, the mechanism member (2) is assembled to the connector (1) after soldering the terminals (3) to the printed board (4).

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a connector structure having a mechanism member for mutually engaging multi-polar male and female connectors with each other and a method of assembling the male and female connectors to each other.
2. Description of the Related Art
It is known that the use of a mechanism member for drawing one connector into another connector is one way in view of improving the operability in engaging the multi-polar connectors having many terminals with each other. Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (kokai) No. 6-267610 and Japanese Unexamined Utility Model Publication (kokai) No. 6-5148 discloses the conventional connector structures adopting the mechanism member.
In the former publication, there is shown a mechanism member of a general U-shaped cross section, which is provided, on upper and lower opposing faces thereof, with a plurality of cam grooves and attachment ribs. According to the disclosed structure, it is possible to assemble the above mechanism member to a male connector by sliding the member with respect to the male connector while respectively inserting the attachment ribs into grooves formed on top and bottom faces of the male connector.
While, a female connector shown in the publication has a plurality of terminals partially drawn out of a body of the female connector. The terminals are soldered to a printed board, so that the installation of the female connector on the board can be completed. In assembling, the male connector equipped with the mechanism member is temporary engaged with the female connector on the printed board and thereafter, the mechanism member 60 is slid in the longitudinal direction of the male connector 64. In this way, with the respective engagement of cam projections on the female connector with the cam grooves of the mechanism member, the male connector is fitted into the female connector.
In the latter publication, a female connector is provided, at the interior of a housing thereof, with upper and lower accommodation spaces into which a mechanism member is to be inserted. Similarly to the former publication, the mechanism member has a general U-shaped cross section and is provided, in opposing faces thereof, with cam grooves formed. In order to assemble the female connector to a male connector, the opposing faces of the mechanism member are inserted into the accommodation spaces through the side face of the female connector, so that the mechanism member is assembled to the female connector temporarily.
After assembling of the mechanism member, the female connector is integrated with a printed board by soldering terminals drawn out of the female connector to the printed board. On installation of the female connector on the printed board, the male connector is fitted to a front opening of the female connector temporarily. Subsequently, the depression of the mechanism member into the female connector in the lateral direction allows the mechanism member to draw the male connector, whereby the female connector and the male connector can be fitted to each other.
In common with the above-mentioned conventional structures, however, it is necessary that the connector being assembled to the mechanism member has a wide portion overlapping with the mechanism member due to the arrangement where the whole mechanism member is to be overlapped with the connector, thereby causing a depth of the connector to be lengthened. Furthermore, due to a large sliding area of the mechanism member with the connector, there is a problem of large sliding resistance, so that the smooth sliding of the mechanism member is obstructed.
In addition, there is a possibility that due to the structure where the connector is integrated with the printed board by soldering the terminals, the connector housing and the mechanism member are deformed by heat at the time of soldering. In such a case, the deformation may cause the sliding resistance in fitting to be increased, thereby causing the difficulty in fitting the male and female connectors to each other.

Connector structure and assembling method for connectors


An information handling system includes a memory to store a configuration file, a provisioning server, and a server. The provisioning server detects a new server within the information handling system, and provides the configuration file new server. The server includes a controller to communication with the provisioning server, the controller to receive the configuration file from the provisioning server, to resolve a sticky attribute in the configuration file based on a type of the sticky attribute, to update the configuration file in response to resolving the sticky attribute, and to apply the updated configuration file to the server to configure components within the server.

As the value and use of information continues to increase, individuals and businesses seek additional ways to process and store information. One option is an information handling system. An information handling system generally processes, compiles, stores, or communicates information or data for business, personal, or other purposes. Technology and information handling needs and requirements can vary between different applications. Thus information handling systems can also vary regarding what information is handled, how the information is handled, how much information is processed, stored, or communicated, and how quickly and efficiently the information can be processed, stored, or communicated. The variations in information handling systems allow information handling systems to be general or configured for a specific user or specific use such as financial transaction processing, airline reservations, enterprise data storage, or global communications. In addition, information handling systems can include a variety of hardware and software resources that can be configured to process, store, and communicate information and can include one or more computer systems, graphics interface systems, data storage systems, networking systems, and mobile communication systems. Information handling systems can also implement various virtualized architectures. Data and voice communications among information handling systems may be via networks that are wired, wireless, or some combination.
An information handling system can include multiple servers that can be added individually to the information handling system. Each of the servers can be configured via a controller of the server based on attributes and components defined in a configuration file.
The use of the same reference symbols in different drawings indicates similar or identical items.

System and method to replicate server configurations across systems using sticky attributions


A generally tubular device (e.g., a stent or catheter) for placement in a lumen of a patient's body is made by forming a depressed pattern in an external surface of a mold. The depressed pattern corresponds to a desired shape of the generally tubular device. A material is deposited in the depressed pattern for the material to form the generally tubular device conforming to the depressed pattern. The generally tubular device is separated from the mold.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention pertains to tubular intraluminal devices (such as stents or catheters) for placement in a lumen of a patient's body. More particularly, this invention pertains to a method for manufacturing such devices.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Intraluminal devices for placement in a lumen of a patient are widely used. For example, stents are commonly used to treat obstructed coronary arteries. Typically, such stents are reticulated tubular structures. The stents are placed on a balloon tip catheter and advanced through the patient's blood vessels to an occluded artery. At the occluded site, the balloon is expanded to enlarge the stent's diameter. With the stent so enlarged, the balloon is deflated and the catheter is removed from the patient leaving the enlarged stent in place with the intent that the formerly occluded site is held patent by the stent.
In addition to advancing stents as described above, catheters are used in a wide variety of applications. Accordingly, catheters are available in a wide variety of designs. Many such designs require extremely small diameter and flexible catheters. For example, in neurological applications, catheters must be extremely narrow and flexible in order to be advanced through the patient's vasculature to a desired site.
To achieve the small diameters and desired flexibility as well as other properties, stent, catheters and other tubular intraluminal devices may include hollow tubes fabricated with a plurality of openings formed through the walls of the tube. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,573,520 dated Nov. 12, 1996 teaches a catheter with a tube having a plurality of apertures to increase flexibility.
Since intraluminal devices have such small diameters, it is extremely difficult to fabricate these devices. For example, prior art stents would be formed by laser-machining a solid-walled metal tube. Through accurate control of the laser, the laser would be axially and circumferentially moved relative to the stent and selectively energized to form highly detailed holes through the wall of the tube and, hence, form a stent of desired intricate lattice pattern.
Laser machining is very costly as well as presenting other problems. As a result, the art has developed other techniques for forming reticulated intraluminal devices. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,421,955 to Lau et al. dated Jun. 6, 1995 describes a process for forming stents from a hollow metal tube. The tube is coated with a coating resistant to chemical etching. Using a laser, portions of the coating are removed to expose a pattern on the tube corresponding with a pattern of tube material to be removed in a desired stent design. With the coating so removed, the tube is chemically etched to remove tube material exposed by reason of the selective removal of the coating. Subsequent to such etching, the remainder of the coating is removed to finish the stent forming process. Even though the laser is not being used to remove metal, the use of a laser is still required to remove the coating. Such a use is complicated, costly and difficult to control.
Commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,741,429 issued Apr. 20, 1998 permits the formation of reticulated intraluminal tubular devices such as stents and catheters in a chemical etching process not requiring the use of lasers and their disadvantages. In this patent, a chemical resistant coating is applied to a tube. Using a photo-mask, portions of the coating are exposed to a light source. The exposed portions are removed in a developing process to expose a pattern on the surface of the tube. The tube is then chemically etched to remove tube material exposed through the developed pattern. Following such etching, the remainder of the coating is removed.
While the '429 patent represents a significant advance in the production of stents and catheters, chemical etching presents certain challenges. For example, when a chemical etchant is applied to a limited exposed area on the exterior of a tube, the etchant does not dissolve perfectly radially toward the center of the tube. This tendency precludes certain stent pattern geometries which can be formed in a chemical etching process. For example, intricate, narrow corners are difficult to form in stents and catheters made by chemical etching. Further, the non-radial etching path can result in the formation of stent or catheter walls being non-radial relative to the tube's axis. These non-radial walls intersect with the interior cylindrical surface of the stent tube in such a manner that sharp knife edges can be formed. Such edges are undesirable and require further process.

Method for manufacturing intraluminal device


A biphasic process for rapid screening of organic reactions comprising monitoring relative rates of parallel organic reactions. The screening process is suitable to determine the efficacy of different reactants, process conditions, and process enhancers such as catalysts or promoters. The biphasic process also allows multiple samples to be analyzed/monitored simultaneously. In addition because enzymes are used to monitor the reaction product in this invention, when that product is chiral and an enantio-discriminating enzyme is used to monitor the product, in addition to the relative rates, enantioselectivities of a set of parallel organic reactions can also be determined. The monitoring is done in situ and thus removal of aliquots for separate testing is unnecessary

The discovery of new and improved catalysts is a fundamental goal in chemistry, and in particular in the field of combinatorial catalysis. There is also a need to improve chemical reactions generally, including those without catalysts. Chemists in academia and industry have responded to constant pressures to make reactions more efficient and more practical by developing techniques to screen organic reactions to determine the efficacy of various catalysts of interest and optimize various reaction parameters. These screening techniques are designed to identify the effectiveness of a catalyst or other variable in a reaction by monitoring a certain parameter or aspect of a reaction. Of particular convenience are screening systems that allow for the continuous monitoring of a series of reactions, without the need to withdraw aliquots and work these up prior to analysis.
Gas and liquid chromatography have frequently been employed in conjunction with time-point detection systems. Although chromatography-based methods (i.e. GC or HPLC) are among the most common catalyst screening tools used they do not conveniently give kinetic profiles of the reaction being screened. This is because these are time-point assays so each [product] vs. time data point requires taking an aliquot out of the reaction working it up, then quantitating the product. Steven J. Taylor and James P. Morken in Catalytic Diastereoselective Reductive Aldol Reaction: Optimization of Interdependent Reaction. Variables By Arrayed Catalyst Evaluation, J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1999) 121: 12202, investigated the efficacy of transition metal catalysts in catalyzing the stereoselective reductive coupling of α,β-unsaturated esters and aldehydes. The reactions were allowed to proceed for 16 hours and analyzed by GC and compared to an internal standard to determine relative conversion and stereoisomer ratios. Although relative conversion and stereoisomer ratios could be determined and compared for all of the reactions at the completion of the reaction, the relative rates at which the reactions proceeded during the 16 hours were not determined, because to do so would have required physically taking multiple time point quenches of each reaction and analyzing each one by GC or HPLC. In Ti-Catalyzed Region-and Enantioselective Synthesis of Unsaturated a-Amino Nitriles, Amides, and Acids. Catalyst Identification through Screening of Parallel Libraries, J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2000) 122: 2567, Porter, James R. et al. investigated the titanium catalyzed enantioselective addition of cyanide to α,β-unsaturated aryl imines. The enantioselectivity and conversion were determined by chiral HPLC. However, this determination was made only at the completion of the reaction. The procedure as described by the authors does not provide a means for comparison of the kinetics of the reactions. Thus, while the yield and enantioselectivity of reactions can be determined using gas or liquid chromatography with a chiral stationary phase, relative rate kinetic information for the reactions is not readily available.
Another such screening method is IR thermography. In Thermographic Selection of Effective Catalysts from an Encoded Polymer-Bound Library (Science (1998) 280:267-70), Steven J. Taylor and James P. Morken, developed a method for the evaluation of multifunctional catalysts bound to polymers for the catalysis of a simple esterification reaction. Parallel to this work, the group of Manfred Reetz developed a similar technique for examining kinetic resolutions of alcohols by lipase-mediated acylation and resolution of epoxides by ring-opening using Jacobsen-like catalysts (M. T. Reetz, M. H. Becker, K. M. Kühlung, A. Holzwarth Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2647-2650). Utilizing the phenomenon that most chemical reactions have a measurable heat of reaction ΔHro, the effectiveness of catalysts in a library of catalysts was evaluated using a parallel library assay. The most active catalyst was identified by the greatest temperature change, utilizing IR thermography. This method, however, suffers from the limitation that there is no direct evidence of product formation and there is certainly no readily available means of identifying the nature of the product formed. Thus, undesired reactions often are exothermic and would lead to "false positives" in this screen. The Reetz group later showed that endothermic reactions might also lend themselves to IR thermographic screening (M. T. Reetz, M. H. Becker, M. Leibl, A. Fürstner, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1236-1239). Here the most active catalyst is to produce the greatest heat uptake. In the reaction studied, ring-closing metathesis, evaporation of a volatile byproduct, ethylene, was also endothermic. While this turned out to enhance the signal in this case, it points to another potential source of "false positives" in such a screen.
More elaborate methods of screening have used fluorescence or color changes of substrates to screen for catalysts and optimize variables in chemical reactions. In High-Throughput Screening of Heterogeneous Catalysts by Laser-Induced Fluorescence Imaging, J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2000) 122: 7422, Hui Su and Edward S. Yeung use laser-induced resonance-enhanced fluorescence imaging (LIFI) as a screening method for heterogeneous catalysts for a reaction. This is a high throughput in situ screening method providing micrometer scale spatial resolution and millisecond temporal resolution. LIFI is only applicable to fluorescent species and appears to be most useful for reactions producing volatile products. This method cannot be directly employed for most reactions of interest to the organic chemist, as most reactants do not contain a fluorophore or lead to a fluorescence change.
In A Fluorescence-Based Assay for High-Throughput Screening of Coupling Reactions. Application to Heck Chemistry, J. Am. Chem. Soc.(1999) 121:2123, a screening procedure was followed whereby a substrate possessing an attached fluorophore was reacted with a second molecule that is attached to a solid support. Authors K. H. Shaughnessy et al. employed the fluorescence based screening method to discover new phosphines for Heck chemistry. An acrylate containing an attached coumarin was reacted with an aryl halide supported on a cross-linked polystyrene resin in the presence of a transition metal catalyst. The calorimetric assay was able to be conducted in a high throughput fashion and took significantly less time to conduct than the gas chromatography used by the authors to confirm that their fluorescence based technique was accurate in identifying the most active ligands for the Heck coupling of aryl bromides and chlorides. Thus, in most instances, the substrate for a reaction of interest will have to be modified by the installation of a chromophore in order to employ this method. Screening results obtained for this significantly modified substrate, often containing a highly conjugated appendage, will not necessarily be valid for more typical, non-fluorescent substrates. Of course, additional synthetic chemistry is also often required to synthesize requisite "chromophore-tagged" substrates.
In Reactive Dyes as a Method for Rapid Screening of Homogeneous Catalysts, (1998) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120: 9971, Alan C. Cooper et al. describe the use of reactive dyes to assess the activity of various catalysts. Potential catalysts for alkene and imine hydrosilation were screened by modifying the substrates of the reactions by incorporation of reactive dyes, which are "bleached" or change color upon undergoing a catalytic reaction. There is, in fact, a significant change or alteration of the dye color due to the saturation of a reactive functionality which disrupts conjugation between an electron donating and an electron accepting functional group. The authors identify an inherent limitation in the procedure described in their article on page 9972 "The bleaching process indicates a change has taken place, such as loss of conjugation between A and D groups, but does not prove that hydrosilation is the cause." The authors confirmed that the color change was due to the hydrosilation of the dye by analyzing the dye through the use of a conventional reaction in which the hydrosilation of the dye was known to occur and analyzing the dye by NMR spectroscopy. However, in at least one case, a false positive was detected, wherein the presumed hydrosilylation product was, in fact, a hydrogenation product (Pure Applied Chemistry 2001, 73, 119-128). In Discovery of Novel Catalysts for Allylic Alkylation with a Visual Colorimetric Assay, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., (1999) 38, 3163, Olivier Lavastre and James P. Morken describe a calorimetric technique for parallel analysis of catalysts for allylic alkylation. The technique utilizes the phenomenon that colorless 1-naphthol will undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution with a diazonium salt to give a bright red orange azo dye product. Thus, the release of 1-naphthol as an allylic leaving group can be followed by monitoring azo dye formation. Although active catalysts could be identified by simple visual inspection, parallel UV analysis was employed to assess catalysts possessing similar activity. These methods, too, though of utility, require substantial substrate alteration and assume that the results obtained for "chromophore-tagged" substrates will be valid for more typical substrates. The latter experiment has a further complication in that the diazonium salt itself is quite reactive toward nucleophiles and so, in this case, was actually added only after the allylic substitution reaction had taken place. For this technique to provide for a continuous assay of product formation versus time, reactions will have to be found that are compatible with the presence of diazonium salts.
The move from the more deliberate, traditional approach to catalyst discovery to combinatorial approaches, has spurred great interest in the development of parallel screening methods. As Crabtree recently put it, ideally one seeks "an appropriate chemical sensor in a rapid parallel assay to detect rate and perhaps selectivity." There is currently great interest in "combinatorial catalysis," especially that involving transition metal (TM) catalyzed reactions, for which reaction discovery and optimization often involve varying (i) the metal; (ii) the ligand (type, structure and stoichiometry) and (iii) the substrate structure.
The present invention overcomes some of the limitations possessed by the prior art processes. The process of the present invention provides for direct evidence of product or expected stoichiometric byproduct formation that is not available with some prior art techniques such as the IR thermography method. The present invention also provides for relative rate profiles that are not readily provided by time-point detection systems employing gas or liquid chromatography for product separation. Furthermore, the monitoring process of the present invention does not require altering the substrate by installing a chromophore or a fluorophore as fluorescence assays and calorimetric assays involve. Such alterations may be cumbersome and time-consuming and may lead to screening results that are not applicable to the actual (e.g., non-fluorescent) substrate of interest.

In situ screening to optimize variables in organic reactions


A system and method for botmaster discovery are disclosed. The system and method may be used in a network that has a plurality of known malicious domains, a plurality of servers each having a known malicious internet protocol (IP) address in which each server is associated with one or more of the plurality of domains, a plurality of hosts associated with one or more of the plurality of servers wherein the host is one of a bot which is compromised host and involved as a part of resource for cyber-crime purpose and a botmaster which involves bots for cyber-crime purpose. The system and method generate a plurality of clusters of known malicious entities, the known malicious entities being one or more known malicious IP addresses, one or more known malicious domains and a known malicious domain and a known malicious IP address, perform flow matching of each IP address in each cluster of known malicious entities between a plurality of source IP addresses and a plurality of destination IP addresses to identify a plurality of host flows wherein each host flow has a source IP address or a destination IP address matched a particular IP address in a cluster of known malicious entities and detect a bot master of each cluster of known malicious entities from the plurality of host flows corresponding to each cluster of known malicious entities by analyzing difference of flow features between the bot and the botmaster.

Botnets are known and consist of a plurality of computer systems that are working in a coordinated manner. Botnets can exist for legal purposes, but are often use for nefarious purposes in which each computer resource of the botnet may be infected with malicious code. A botmaster is a computer that is controlling the other plurality of computer system that are part of the botnet. It is desirable to be able to discover the attacked groups of the plurality of computer systems and the botmaster.


A new and distinct variety of apple, fruit and tree called xe2x80x9cStella Minnesotaxe2x80x9d provides a fruit having improved taste and crispness, resistance to browning, characteristic white star marks in the fruit skin and in the tree, shows large green leaves.

The invention relates to a new and distinct variety of an apple fruit and apple tree (Malus domesticus) called xe2x80x9cStella Minnesotaxe2x80x9d. Growers, marketers, and consumers are continually looking for new apple species to provide heretofore unavailable qualities. Among desirable qualities are eating qualities such as crispness, sweetness, flavor and skin texture. Utility in salads, cooking, sauces and other apple products benefits from early development and taste and color stability. A need has existed for some time for apples that resisted browning, once cut, apples that have excellent eating qualities, early ripening and other desirable properties.
The Malus domesticus apple variety of the invention is an early season apple, excellent for fresh eating, salads, sliced applies, dried apples, sauce, pie and desserts. The claimed plant is a chance seedling discovered growing from composted apple pomace in the garden at Cox Apple Orchard near Cleveland, Minn. Parentage of claimed plant is unknown, whereas seeds could have sprouted from any one of twenty-five named varieties, or three unnamed seedlings in the orchard. The variety has been grafted to known root stock.
Some characteristics of the claimed plant are somewhat similar to well known named cultivars such as Cortland, Paulared, Famuse (Snow Apple), State Fair, and Haralson, but similarities only match one or two characteristics with differences in at least three traits of each of the above-named cultivars.
There is resemblance to Cortland in two respects, as both have some fruit set on terminals. The white flesh of the fruit is somewhat similar, but the flavor and texture are different. Other obvious differences are the leaf shape and size, the growth habit of the tree, and the coloration of the fruit.
The resemblance to Paulared is the season of maturity of the fruit. The differences are in the growth habit of the tree. The leaf pattern of Paulared clusters more with more blind wood between clusters and fruiting spurs. The leaf shape of Paulared is more enlongated and typically smaller. The color of mature Paulared fruit is a different shade of red versus red-orange. The flavor and texture of the fruit is different in that the Paulared fruit is generally milder, softer, less crisp and breaking, with having less shelf life.
Similar to Famuse is the strikingly white flesh of the fruit and a hint of the same flavor. The differences are in coloration of the fruit exterior, the season of maturity, tree growth habit, and leaf structure.
There is a resemblance of the claimed plant to the Haralson cultivar in that the bare wood in dormant season has a reddish caste particularly on two to four year old wood. The texture of the fruit is similar in crispness, but the flavor of the Haralson is much more tart versus sweet, and Haralson""s season of maturity is later in the fall. Haralson fruit (some strains) has white dots upon a red coloration, but the claimed plant""s fruit has fewer but larger star-shaped white dots upon a red-orange color. The two differ also in tree growth habit and leaf shape.
The resemblance to State Fair is also limited to two traits; the season of maturity and the extraordinary amount of leaf surface due to large leaf size and abundance. The most obvious differences include leaf shape and coloration, the tree form and growth habit, and the color and flavor of the fruit. State Fair parentage of the claimed plant is unlikely because there were no State Fair trees in the orchard previous to growth of the seedling.
The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of apple, fruit and tree, called xe2x80x9cStella Minnesotaxe2x80x9d. This tree provides a fruit having improved taste and crispness, resistance to browning, characteristic white star marks in the fruit skin. The fruit ripens early in the season, has long storage life, excellent flavor, crisp, juicy texture, and a utility in common apple products. The tree shows large green leaves and combines the characteristics of having a compact form with vigorous growth, angled branches, and annual fruit production.

Apple tree called xe2x80x98Stella Minnesotaxe2x80x99


The present invention is directed to a weight sensing apparatus (10) for a vehicle seat (22). The weight sensing apparatus (10) includes a differential capacitor (150) including a first capacitor (152) and a second capacitor (176). The first capacitor (152) includes first and second opposed plate assemblies (154 and 156). The second capacitor (179) includes a third plate assembly (180) and the second plate assembly (156). Each plate assembly (154, 156, and 180) includes a plurality of electrically conductive elongated members that extend in an axial direction. The second plate assembly (156) is interposed between the first and third plate assemblies (154 and 180) and is movable in an axial direction relative to the first and third plate assemblies (154 and 180) in response to a load being applied to a vehicle seat. A source of alternating current supplies electrical energy to the differential capacitor (150) and an output circuit is electrically connected with the differential capacitor (150).

It is desirable to determine the weight of a vehicle occupant of a vehicle seat. Upon the occurrence of a crash event, for example, an occupant restraint device may utilize an individual's weight to determine an appropriate amount of restraining force. One common type of weight sensor which may be mounted to a vehicle seat is a strain gauge sensor. Various other types of weight sensing devices have been proposed.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,968,031 to Higa discloses an electronic micrometer which measures rotational displacement by monitoring a tuned resonant circuit. The displacement of a movable member is detected by detuning the resonant circuit with a three element capacitive pick-off. An output voltage has a magnitude which is a function of both the magnitude of the input signal and the amount of displacement. In order to obtain accurate results, this circuit requires balancing the resonant circuit to the zero condition prior to each measurement.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,804,885 to Cadwell discloses a displacement measuring device which includes a variable capacitor. The variable capacitor provides a DC output signal having an amplitude which is proportional to displacement. The output signal is fed back to the variable capacitor to automatically re-balance the electrodes which form the capacitor. The feedback provides a measure of the force being transduced.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,384,496 to Gladwin similarly discloses a variable capacitor for measuring a load applied to a housing. The variable capacitor is connected within the housing and provides an output signal having an amplitude which varies according to the movement of the housing.


The present application discloses a method, an apparatus and a terminal for detecting a malware file. One embodiment of the method comprises: obtaining a file to be inspected; determining an entropy vector of the file; and inspecting the entropy vector of the file using a trained inspection model to determine if the file is a malware file, wherein a file type of the file is identical to the file type corresponding to the inspection model. This embodiment extracts the entropy vector of the file and determines if the file is a malware file based on the entropy vector of the file. Therefore, the technical problems existed in the art, such as a low speed, a poor capacity and a low efficiency of detecting and destroying the malware file, are addressed and the efficiency of detecting and destroying the malware file is enhanced.

The continuous development of the computer technology has led to the widespread use of computers in daily life at the present time. The computer, with its ever increasing functionalities, has become an indispensable tool for one's leisure and work. However, sophisticated attack techniques have been utilized by individuals and organizations to persistently attack particular targets over networks. The attack may execute malicious codes and lead to the disclosure of sensitive information, and threaten the network security.
There are two existing methods for detecting a malware file, a static detection method and a dynamic detection method. The static detection method is used more often, and includes two approaches: detecting an abnormal file a) through a file type abnormality, and b) through characteristics associated with a software fault utilizing file. The dynamic detection method is a heuristic detection method. A file is executed under a more advanced heuristic condition in a simulated environment to detect behaviors not associated with a regular file. If the file triggers a shellcode (filled data belonging to a bug code), it will show behaviors that cannot be contributed to the file, for example, a network connection, a program execution, or a process injection.
However, the static detection method can easily be bypassed by constructing the file structure and modifying the shellcode. Therefore, the static detection method has a dismal ability to heuristically detect and destroy malware files, and is incapable of detecting and destroying newly emerged malware files. For the dynamic detection method, there are various ways of detecting the virtual dynamic execution environment to not trigger relevant viral codes, leading to the failure in detection. Therefore, although the dynamic detection method has limited heuristic ability, the efficiency and the detection speed are relatively low and the heuristic ability is not as high as desired.

Method, apparatus and terminal for detecting a malware file


According to one configuration, a monitor circuit monitors a delivery of power supplied by one or more switch devices to a dynamic load. Based on an amount of power delivered to the load as measured by the monitor circuit, a control circuit produces a voltage control signal. A gate bias voltage generator circuit utilizes the voltage control signal to generate a switch activation voltage or bias voltage. A switch drive circuit uses the switch activation voltage as generated by the bias voltage generator to activate each of the one or more switch devices during a portion of a switching cycle when a respective switch device is in an ON state, and the respective switch device conducts current from a voltage source through the switch device to the load. The control circuit adjusts the voltage control signal to modify a level of the switch activation voltage depending on the dynamic load.

It is known that a conventional voltage regulator (VR) can be used to regulate a DC voltage supplied to a load such as a microprocessor. A VR can include a power converter, such as a DC-DC converter, and may include other components such as a controller for controlling operation of the power converter.
An example of a DC-DC converter is a synchronous buck converter, which has minimal components, and therefore is widely used in VR applications. In an example application, the input voltage to the buck converter is typically 12VDC. An output voltage produced by the VR may be 5.0VDC, 3.3 VDC, or even lower.
Conventional multiphase interleaved VR power supply topologies can include two or more power converter phases that operate in parallel with each other to convert power and supply power to a corresponding load. Implementation of a multiphase voltage converter topology (as compared to a single voltage converter phase topology) can therefore enhance the output current capability of a power supply system.
A typical configuration of a VR such as a so-called synchronous buck converter includes an inductor, a high side switch, and a low side switch. A controller associated with the buck converter repeatedly pulses the high side switch ON to convey power from a power source through the inductor to a dynamic load. The controller repeatedly pulses the low side switch ON to provide a low impedance path from a node of the inductor to ground in order to control an output of the buck converter. Thus, the energy stored in the inductor increases during a time when the high side switch is ON and decreases during a time when the low side switch is ON. During switching operation, the inductor transfers energy from the input to the output of the converter.
Today's microprocessors and high performance ASIC chips can operate on low voltages and require a wide range of currents such as less than 1 Ampere and over 100 amperes. A load can operate at these extremes of current for long periods of time.

Power supply circuit with dynamic control of a driver circuit voltage rail


[Object] To provide a DC power transmission device capable of supplying properly a previously agreed amount of power between the power transmission side and the power reception side when customers supply power to each other.

There is known an uninterruptible power supply device provided with a storage battery for continuously supplying power from the storage battery to equipment connected thereto during a predetermined time without causing power failure even if power from an input power source is interrupted. Techniques are developed for furnishing each customer with such a power supply device and supplying consumers with power when an abnormality occurs in supplying power due to power failure, shortage in remaining capacity of storage battery, or other reasons (see Patent Literatures 1 and 2).

DC power transmission device, DC power reception device, and DC power transmission system

Abstract: [Solution] Provided is the DC power transmission device including: a power supply request acquisition unit configured to acquire a power supply request from a DC power reception device, the DC power reception device being configured to receive DC power from a DC bus line; and a transmission power decision unit configured to decide a parameter of DC power to be outputted to the DC power reception device via the DC bus line based on the power supply request and a characteristic of a power storage device, the power storage device being configured to supply DC power to the DC bus line. The parameter includes power transmission time of DC power that reflects a power transmission loss occurred until DC power reaches the DC power reception device.


A display device includes an insulating substrate on which a display element is disposed, a resin layer disposed on the display element and having a depressed portion formed along an edge of the insulating substrate, and a sealing layer formed on the resin layer, with a portion of the sealing layer extending into the depressed portion of the resin layer. A method of manufacturing a display element includes disposing a display element on an insulating substrate, disposing a resin layer on the display element, and partially curing the resin layer. A depressed portion in the resin layer is formed using a pressurizing member and a sealing layer is disposed on the resin layer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a display device and a manufacturing method thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to a display device that may minimize infiltration of oxygen and moisture, and a manufacturing method thereof.
2. Discussion of the Background
The use of organic light emitting diode (OLED) technology in flat panel displays has been spotlighted recently because it provides for flat panel displays that have low driving voltages, are lightweight and thin, have wide viewing angles, and have high speed response times. An OLED device includes thin film transistors, each of which includes a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode, pixel electrodes connected to the thin film transistors, a wall partitioning the pixel electrodes, light emitting layers disposed on the pixel electrodes between the walls, and a common electrode disposed on the light emitting layers.
A light emitting layer is a self-emissive element that may be made of an organic material. Moisture and oxygen have a great effect on the performance and durability of an organic light emitting layer. That is, the light emitting layer is susceptible to deterioration caused by moisture and oxygen. To prevent such deterioration of the light emitting layer, an insulating substrate, on which light emitting layers are disposed, may be bonded to a cover substrate. This may prevent the introduction of moisture and oxygen and is referred to as a sealing process. In addition, when the substrates are bonded together, a sealing resin, such as a sealant, is interposed between the insulating substrate and the cover substrate to prevent the introduction of moisture and oxygen.
However, sealing resins may still permit a relatively high amount of infiltration of moisture and oxygen, and thus, it may be difficult to effectively prevent moisture and oxygen from being introduced between the insulating substrate and the cover substrate.

Display device with minimized infiltration of oxygen and moisture and manufacturing method thereof


A automated, milk inclusive espresso coffee machine which includes a fully automatic coffee grinding and brewing apparatus and a steam generator for driving a venturi mixing device which draws ambient air and milk from a refrigerated source for making milk inclusive espresso beverages, all milk contacting surfaces being either refrigerated or steam cleaned with each beverage made and served. A novel microprocessor controls all operations including brewing, steam generating, water heating, refrigerating, operations parameters, measuring and monitoring, many "house-keeping" functions and others.

This invention relates generally to espresso coffee making and more particularly to a system and method for providing and serving, fully automatically, such coffee beverages as espresso, cafe latte, cappacino, and the like, from roasted whole beans.
The practice of brewing espresso and making and serving steamed milk inclusive beverages such as cappacino or latte is a relatively highly developed field; and the prior art includes devices for grinding the special beams and brewing, largely automatically, a basic espresso liquor. Significant skill is generally required, however, on the part of the operator to measure the beans, pack the precise charge of ground coffee into the brewer cylinder with a precise magnitude of compressive force, and apply water to the cylinder in the precise quantity, temperature, and pressure for a precise time period to create a desired measure of the liquor at a satisfactory serving temperature with a consistent quality of the resultant beverage. If the finished drink is to be milk inclusive, the operator then draws milk from a refrigerated source, operates a steam wand from a high temperature, pressure source to aerate and heat the milk before blending it with the coffee liquor.
Properly handling the cold milk and the dangerous steam, obviously requres a further set of skills; and a fully skilled operator with state of the art equipment can be expected to require approximately one minute to prepare and serve the drink.
It may be noted that the problem of acquiring and practicing these skills is aggravated by an observed perfection expectation characteristic on the part of expresso clientele. Restaurants and stores that make and serve espresso typically expect to provide substantial time in training and require the mastery of an extensive instruction manual, to train an espresso machine operator.
This time and labor factor often causes a restaurant to "close down" a potentially highly profitable espresso operation during rush periods because unless extra operators are hired for the period and unless there is an adequate number of brewing machines available, service congestion and customer frustration create ill will among and between service and customer personnel.
Inherent in the difficulties indicated above and the level of the skills required to master them satisfactorily is the milk safety problem. Because of the dangerous bacteria culture bed that milk provides when not refrigerated, even a microscopic quantity of warm milk must not be left in the machine. Accordingly, milk is typically poured manually from a refrigerated supply into an open glass or metal beaker where it may be treated by the steam wand. The open vessel and the wand must then be frequently thoroughly cleaned to prevent the deleterious growth of bacteria.
The problems and difficulties, and costs incumbent therewith, have severely retarded the popularity growth of espresso and its associated beverages because of profit risk and the dangers of the milk handling.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a fully automated espresso method and system that is not subject to these difficulties and limitations of the prior art.
It is another object to provide such a system and method which reliably provide consistent quality of espresso beverages.
It is another object to provide such a method and system in which temperature, quantity, pressure, and timing of water, steam, coffee beans, and milk at every significant point in the system is essentially continuously monitored and computer controlled.
It is another object to provide such a system and method in which a supply of milk is stored and refrigerated within the apparatus.
It is another object to provide such a method and system in which milk is automatically drawn from the refrigerated supply as needed for each serving and in which no residue of non-refrigerated milk is left in the apparatus after each serving.
It is another object to provide such a method and system which reliably consistently and rapidly repeatedly delivers a milk inclusive hot espresso beverage from whole roasted beans every 15 to 25 seconds.
It is another object to provide such a method and system which is fail safe in its handling of steam, hot water, electrical power, and milk.
It is another object to provide such a method and system in which the operator's only function during normal operation is to make a drink selection by pressing an appropriate button on the control panel of the apparatus.
It is another object to provide such a system which is rugged and reliable and readily and economically maintained.

Automated milk inclusive coffee apparatus


Embodiments of the disclosure provide a circuit structure for producing a full range biasing voltage including: a logic control node; first and second voltage generators, coupled to the logic control node, the first and second voltage generators configured to generate a positive voltage output at a positive voltage node and a negative voltage output at a negative voltage node; first and second multiplexer cells, coupled to the logic control node, configured to multiplex the positive voltage level received from the first or the second positive voltage node and the negative voltage level received from the first or the second negative voltage node to provide a multiplexed output; and an output node coupled to each of the first multiplexer cell and the second multiplexer cell configured to receive the multiplexed output to provide a biasing voltage range to at least one transistor having a back-gate terminal.

Transistors are critical components for implementing digital and analog circuit designs. Generally a MOS transistor has four electrical terminals: source, drain, gate, and the back-gate, also known as the body terminal. As the study of electronics has advanced, there has been an effort on implementing a Power, Performance and Area (PPA) technique that focuses on reducing the physical area and power consumption of a design while maintaining or improving performance specifications such as speed or frequency of operation. As a result, there is increased emphasis on reducing the channel length of a MOS transistor, which helps in improving the PPA of the design. Another way of improving the PPA is by applying a voltage at the back-gate terminal of the transistor.
Threshold voltage is defined as the minimum amount of voltage difference needed between the gate and source terminal of a transistor that allows an electric current to flow through the drain-source channel. In other words, as the gate to source voltage becomes equal to or greater than the threshold voltage, the transistor is said to be turned on (enabled) and current starts flowing through the channel. When the gate to source voltage drops below the threshold voltage, the transistor turns off (disabled) and ideally no current can flow through the channel. However, there may be some leakage or stand-by current flowing even when the transistor is off and this may be considered as an undesirable condition in most cases. It is well-known that any change in the threshold voltage has an impact on the PPA of the transistor device. For example, if the threshold voltage becomes smaller, the transistor can operate with smaller gate to source voltage, which may help in reducing power consumption. Also, reducing the threshold voltage helps in increasing the drive strength and frequency of the operation of the transistor, which may result in a smaller transistor device. Alternatively, increasing the threshold voltage may help in reducing the leakage or stand-by current during inactive or power-down mode.
The value of the threshold voltage is dependent on several factors. One of the factors that can decrease or increase the value of the threshold voltage is the amount of voltage applied at the back-gate terminal. The type of action in which threshold voltage is reduced by application of back-bias voltage is called forward back-biasing (FBB). Conversely, the type of action that causes the threshold voltage to increase by the application of back-bias voltage is called reverse back-biasing (RBB). Transistors having a back-gate terminal include silicon-on-insulator (SOI), such as fully depleted SOI (FD-SOI) transistors, bulk planar transistors, FinFet transistors, nanosheet transistors, and vertical transistors, to name a few. FD-SOI transistors are well-suited for such applications due to the possibility of applying full range (both positive and negative) back-bias voltage. This is due to the fact that for FD-SOI transistor, the forward and reverse back-bias voltage maximum upper range is limited only by the breakdown voltage of the reverse biased parasitic substrate diodes. This range may reach around 2-4 or higher times the maximum rated supply voltage at which the transistor device can normally operate. This maximum upper limit is much higher than many other MOS transistor types, e.g., bulk planar or FinFet transistors as their upper range is restricted in order to avoid their reverse-biased parasitic (source or drain) diffusion layer diodes becoming forward-biased. As a result, the potential variation in threshold voltage in the FD-SOI transistor type can be much higher as compared to the other MOS transistor device types. While this variation in threshold voltage is desirable and in some extreme cases, it may result in zero or twice the threshold voltage value. However, most back-gate biasing applications may need a smaller back-gate biasing voltage range that may be well below the maximum allowed upper limit, e.g., a back-gate biasing range from about −1.8V to about 1.8V may be enough for most applications. There are various approaches currently existing that attempt to supply transistors with the required voltages and properly bias transistors having back-gates.

Positive and negative full-range back-bias generator circuit structure


A method for performing a high-temperature burn-in test on integrated circuits is disclosed. A thin-film is placed on top of an integrated circuit having multiple transistors. An infra-red filter is then placed on top of the thin-film. All the transistors of the integrated circuit are radiated by an infra-red source through the thin-film and the infra-red filter when a high-temperature burn-in test is being performed.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to testing integrated circuits in general, and in particular to a method for performing reliability tests on integrated circuits. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to a method for performing a high-temperature burn-in test on integrated circuits.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) or MOS transistor has two regions in a silicon substrate, namely, a source and a drain, which are disposed at a certain distance from each other. The MOS transistor also has an insulated gate disposed between the source and the drain. The gate is characterized by a threshold voltage (V.sub.TH) that determines the boundary between an ON state and an OFF state in the drain current.
It is well-known in the art that the threshold voltage of a MOS transistor changes as a function of temperature due to the availability of mobile electrons and other factors. Specifically, the threshold voltage decreases as temperature increases. This creates a problem for most integrated circuit (IC) designs because some qualification tests, such as a burn-in test, are required to be performed at high temperatures. Because the threshold voltages of the transistors are generally lower at high temperatures, the leakage currents and on-state drain currents of the transistors become significantly higher under burn-in conditions. In the prior art, this problem is solved by biasing the body of the transistors with additional contacts to the body of the transistors. This solution results in a much larger circuit and a reduction in the overall performance of the IC. Consequently, it is desirable to provide a method to maintain the threshold voltage of transistors within an integrated circuit during a high-temperature burn-in test without compromising the integrity of the test.

Method for performing a high-temperature burn-in test on integrated circuits

International Business Machines Corporation