A system uses a parallel switch/thermoelectric cooler circuit between a voltage source and a subsystem having a laser diode in thermal contact with the thermoelectric cooler. The switch opens when the temperature is above a switch temperature such that current is supplied to the thermoelectric cooler in order to cool the laser. The thermoelectric cooler uses energy which would otherwise be wasted in a voltage regulator. The subsystem includes an optical transmitter using the laser to send signals. An alternate arrangement uses a pulse width modulator to provide proportional control for more precise regulation of the laser temperature.

The present invention relates to a circuit for maintaining a laser operating relatively efficiently. More specifically, the present invention relates to such a circuit using a thermoelectric cooler.
The amplitude of light out of a laser diode is reduced as the diode heats up. Additionally, some systems have problems if laser diodes change wavelength due to heating. Accordingly, various arrangements including heat sinks and/or cooling fans have been used to prevent such semiconductor lasers from having their light output amplitude overly reduced by heat or having the wavelength of output light changed too much. If a laser diode is used for an optical transmitter, temperature change problems can adversely affect the operation of the transmitter (which may be part of an optical transceiver). The following patents are among various prior designs:
______________________________________ U.S. Pat. No. Inventor Issue Date ______________________________________ 4,288,854 Burroughs September 8, 1981 4,433,238 Adolfsson et al February 21, 1984 4,583,228 Brown et al April 15, 1986 4,733,253 Daniele March 22, 1988 5,029,311 Brandkamp et al July 2, 1991 5,043,992 Royer et al August 27, 1991 5,140,607 Paiva August 18, 1992 ______________________________________
The Daniele patent discloses feedback control of temperature in a laser diode and the use of a thermoelectric cooler 70 in a feedback arrangement for a diode 15 in FIG. 3.
The Burroughs patent discloses a temperature controller for controlling a body which is disclosed as being an injection laser for use in an optical communication system.
The Adolfsson patent discloses at the top of column 6 that a thermoelectric cooler may be used to maintain a light emitting diode at a constant voltage.
The Brown patent discloses frequency stabilization of lasers using a feedback arrangement.
The Brandkamp patent discloses a fluorescent lamp having a thermoelectric cooler 81 to stabilize temperature. The lamp is used in a document scanning system.
The Royer patent shows a laser driver having temperature compensation.
The Paiva patent discloses a laser device with an arrangement for dissipating and stabilizing heat generated by the laser diode.
Thermoelectric coolers have been used for cooling lasers, but have generally required larger, more expensive power supplies than would otherwise be used and/or such coolers are connected in such a way that a significant amount of power is wasted.
FIG. 1 shows a well known circuit for powering an optical transceiver system 10 by a voltage source 12. The transceiver system 10 includes a voltage regulator 14 and the other transceiver components simply shown as block 16. In well known fashion, the voltage regulator 14 sends a small amount of current down line 18 to bypass block 16, this allowing the voltage across block 16 to be maintained constant or essentially constant. The resistance or impedance between lines 20 and 22 is adjusted by the regulator such that the voltage drop across lines 20 and 22 of the regulator may vary to compensate for variations in source 12, thus maintaining the voltage across 16. The power used by the voltage regulator is wasted in the sense that it is simply expended to protect the useful components of block 16 from any adverse effects of supply fluctuations.
Assuming that the block 16 included a laser diode (not separately shown) and cooling of the diode is to be made using a thermoelectric cooler, FIG. 2 shows a known way of attaching the same source 12 to a second voltage regulator 24 which regulates power supplied to a thermoelectric cooler 26. The thermoelectric cooler is in thermal contact with the unshown laser which is being cooled. Again, the power used by the voltage regulator 24 is wasted in the sense that it is simply expended to stabilize the voltage across useful component thermoelectric cooler 26. Since the source 12 often is 12 volts and the thermoelectric cooler 26 should have for example about 1 volt maintained across it, the circuit of FIG. 2 wastes more energy than is put to good use.
FIG. 3 is a simplified perspective showing how the prior art includes a structure having a laser diode 28 with a monitor photodiode 30, thermoelectric cooler 32, and thermistor 34 sold as a unit within or on housing 36.
A known or prior art way of hooking up the FIG. 3 components is shown in simplified form in FIG. 4. The photodiode 30 receives a portion of the output of laser 28, which output is stabilized by feedback laser drive circuit 38 and reference adjust variable resistor 40. A temperature feedback circuit 42 uses thermistor 34 and reference adjust resistor 44 to provide feedback stabilization of the laser diode temperature. For ease of illustration, FIG. 4 doesn't show the voltage regulator and various lead and/or lag networks which would be used for improving operation.

Laser thermal control using thermoelectric cooler


A lid 12 for refuse container and lid assembly having a base 14 and side walls 16 extending upwardly therefrom and terminating at an annular rim, the lid having a generally U shaped ledge 22 extending the approximate perimeter of the lid top portion 20 and elevated reinforcement means 36 and 38, and retaining members 70 intended to secure together the container and the lid 12.

1. Field of the Invention
The subject invention relates generally to lids for refuse containers, and in particular to lids for refuse containers which may be selectively secured to the container.
2. The Prior Art
Refuse containers and lids have been well known in the sanitary maintenance applications. Typically such assemblies comprise a container and a lid. However often the container and lid assemblies do not include sufficient features to ensure that the lid remains secure to the container. When the assemblies transport medical waste it is imperative that the container and lid assemblies remain secured until it is desired to actually dispose of the contents of the container in a safe environment. Specifically, it is imperative that the container and lid do not become separated when the container or lid suffers an impact during the handling and transportation processes. Also, it is important the container and lid do not separate if the container falls off of or inside a vehicle transporting the assembly. Finally, it is important to ensure that the container and lid do not separate if the container is stacked on a like container, and the container subsequently falls from the bottom like container.
Various methods have been used to secure the container and lid during storage and transportation of the container and lid. For example, containers and lids may have apertures in their handles for receiving straps or ropes, which secure together the container and lid. However, this method of securement is very costly since the straps and ropes must be replaced after each use. In addition, a drop or impact often causes the straps or rope to break. Mechanical fasteners, such as screws and bolts, have also been used to secure together containers and lids. However, the use of these fasteners increases the time of processing and emptying the container. In addition, there is an increased expense in maintaining these additional mechanical fasteners.


A portable stair lift system, for assistance in traversing short or medium length stairways, employs a pair of spaced elongated solid metal plates extending the stairway length and supported by a pair of vertically extending end brackets attached to a block of wood at each end thereof. An axle extends through each pair of end brackets and each axle supports a roller transversely disposed at the metal plate ends. At least one of these rollers is provided with a sprocket wheel secured to the axle between split roller segments. A reversible drive gear motor, drive chain connected to the sprocket wheel, drives the roller. A heavy duty conveyor belt is positioned about the pair of rollers. A passenger support system (either a chair seat or step segments) is secured to and movable with the conveyor belt. Manual switch means for controlling motor operation and direction are provided and actuatable by the passenger at any point along the stairway. Automatic cut-off switches stop the stair lift at either end of the inclined stairway. In a modified embodiment, (FIG. 9) dual drive chains are provided for use with long stairways.

Numerous systems, ranging from complex escalators to rudimentary chair lift systems, have been devised for transporting individuals up or down inclined stairways. Most of these systems are complicated, expensive and require special skills for safe use by individuals. There is a definite need in the art for a simple, inexpensive, and portable stair lift that can be operated by disabled individuals in a safe and reliable manner.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a portable stair lift system that is safe in operation and can be self-operated by most disabled individuals.
Another object of the present invention is a reliable stair lift that may be installed on an existing inclined stairway without altering the construction of the stairway.
A further object of the present invention is a portable stair lift that may be installed on an existing inclined stairway and occupies only a portion of the stairway width to thereby permit continued normal use of the stairway while the stair lift is installed thereon.
An additional object of the present invention is a portable stair lift that provides a rotatably adjustable seat thereon for passenger convenience and safety.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a portable, inexpensive, stair lift for assisting disabled or elderly individuals in traversing an inclined stairway.


Apparatus for masking a displayed image by merging it with a second featureless image made of a narrow band of wavelengths that is introduced into a transparent screen disposed between the display and the viewer. An absorption filter matched to the wavelength of the masking light separates or blocks the masking image to permit the primary image to be viewed only by the person having the filter.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to video display security systems and more particularly to a system for optically masking a display image and selective removal of the mask for secure viewing of the display.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
The widespread use of laptop computers has enabled users to access information in also any location. Often, information is retrieved during meetings or while traveling between destinations where many other people besides the user may view the display. A problem arises where the information displayed is confidential and should be seen only by the user.
While information security systems that provide various levels of security to multiple users on a network, such as that shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,881,179, provide selected access to information, these systems do not protect unauthorized viewing of the information while it is being displayed.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,859,994 is directed to a system for providing selected viewing of a display to allow hearing impaired persons to view subtitles while others cannot see the subtitles. A liquid crystal display that produces the subtitles as polarized light can be seen only by viewers having polarized eyeglass lenses. Although selective viewing is provided, it is not secure viewing in that anyone having polarized sunglasses can see the information on the screen. In addition, the selectivity is not switchable in the event security is no longer required.
Thus, there is a need for a system for providing secure, selective viewing of information on a display that can be easily enabled and disabled by the viewer.

Secure viewing of display units using a wavelength filter

International Business Machines Corporation


A triturate tablet machine for molding wet powder tablets which has five processing stations which respectively supply wet powder, mold the wet powder into openings in a mold plate, lubricate both ends of the tablets, bevel each end of the tablets and eject the tablets so as to continuously and automatically manufacture wet powder tablets.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates in general to tablet manufacturing machines and in particular to a triturate tablet machine.
2. Description of Related Art
A "triturate" is a pharmaceutical solid dosage form that is molded from a semi-wet powder and then dried. It is desirable to form a dosage when very quick dissolution is required such as a sublingual (under the tongue) type medication such as a nitroglycerin heart medicine. In the prior art, since the "triturate" is formed as a semi-wet powder tablet which is dried, all triturates have been molded in a true cylindrical shape. Since the semi-wet powder tends to stick to molding punch faces, it has always been accepted that only cylindrical shapes could be produced. Triturate tablets are always quite fragile and the sharp edges of the cylinder tend to break off. See also U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,047,866, 5,017,122, 308,508, 3,158,111, 3,461,195, 2,735,380 and 3,029,752.


The disclosure concerns an attaching mechanism for attaching and detaching the inking device of a portable label printing machine, or the like. The attaching mechanism includes a supporting device which is attached to the machine body of the label printing machine. An ink applicator having an inking roller is detachably secured to the supporting device. Stoppers are formed on the supporting device. The stoppers are each comprised of a guide section for guiding emplacing motion of the ink applicator, a stopper section for determining the extent of ink applicator insertion and a retaining section for supporting a portion of the ink applicator and for preventing its leaving the supporting device. The ink applicator is brought into engagement with the supporting device.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an attaching mechanism for the inking device of a portable label printing machine, or the like.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In a conventional inking device of a portable label printing machine, the ink applicator carrying an inking roller is detachable from the machine in order to facilitate changing of the inking rollers which apply ink to the surfaces of types in a printing head. In the attaching mechanism for the ink applicator, projections or ribs are formed on one of either the machine body and the applicator and these projections or ribs are brought into engagement with holes or grooves which are formed in the other of the machine body and applicator. However, the known mechanisms are not satisfactory because their structures are complicated and their operation is troublesome.

Attaching mechanism for inking device of portable label printing machine or the like


A method for desilvering an imagewise exposed and color development processed silver halide color light-sensitive material comprising processing the imagewise exposed and color developed silver halide color light-sensitive material with a processing solution exhibiting bleaching ability which contains at least one of hydrogen peroxide and a compound capable of releasing hydrogen peroxide, wherein the silver halide color light-sensitive material has an emulsion layer comprising a light-sensitive silver halide with at least 90 mol % silver chloride and substantially no silver iodide, the processing solution exhibiting a bleaching ability contains at least one water-soluble chloride, the color developed silver halide color light-sensitive material contains 1 mmol/m.sup.2 or less of a color developing agent in the light-sensitive material when introduced into the processing solution exhibiting a bleaching ability and the desilvering is completed within 30 seconds. The desilvering proceeds rapidly in a stable manner without causing environmental pollution.

Photographic processing of silver halide color photographic materials basically comprises development (in the case of color reversal materials, color development is preceded by black-and-white first development), desilvering, and washing. Desilvering comprises bleaching and fixing or combined bleach-fixing (blix). The processing further includes supplementary steps, such as stabilization, prebath processing preceding each step, and stopping. In color development, an exposed silver halide is reduced by a color developing agent to form silver and halogen ions. Simultaneously, the oxidized color developing agent reacts with a coupler to form a dye. The developed silver is re-halogenated by bleaching and removed by fixing (or blix) together with undeveloped silver.
Bleaching agents which have been mainly used include red prussiate (potassium ferricyanide) and aminopolycarboxylic acid ferric salts. Potassium ferricyanide is an excellent bleaching agent exhibiting a sufficiently high rate of bleaching but releases cyanide ion on photolytic degradation causing environmental pollution. Therefore, a countermeasure should be taken to make the waste liquid completely harmless. On the other hand, aminopolycarboxylic acid ferric salts are now being used widely because of they cause less environmental pollution and they can be regenerated easily (a ferrous salt is easily oxidized to a ferric salt by contact with air). Nevertheless, if it remains in a light-sensitive material due to insufficient washing, the white background of an image shows increased stain with time. Therefore, a light-sensitive material after bleach or blix should be washed with a sufficient amount of water for a sufficient time. Also with respect to environmental conservation, even an aminopolycarboxylic acid ferric salt is not perfect (e.g., it has a high BOD or COD). Hence, a demand exists for an oxidizing agent having a rapid bleaching power without causing environmental pollution.
Hydrogen peroxide is an ideal oxidizing agent which decomposes into water and does not cause environmental pollution. Various bleaching solutions using hydrogen peroxide have hitherto been proposed. For example, the latest proposals include a bleaching solution or a bleaching method for desilvering using hydrogen peroxide under a neutral to acidic condition (pH 2 to 6) under which a dye image is not substantially formed as disclosed in JP-A-53-23633, JP-A-53-75932, and JP-A-54-1027 (the term "JP-A" as used herein means an "unexamined published Japanese patent application"), and a hydrogen peroxide bleaching solution containing an organic metal complex salt to obtain enhanced bleaching power as disclosed in JP-B-61-16067 and JP-B-61-19024 (the term "JP-B" as used herein means an "examined Japanese patent publication"). However, a hydrogen peroxide bleaching solution has a problem in that bleaching power and liquid stability are not simultaneously achieved. That is, a bleaching solution having increased stability has weak bleaching power, while stability of the hydrogen peroxide in a solution having increased bleaching power is not maintained. In addition, it is extremely difficult to accomplish desilvering within a short time of 30 seconds while maintaining liquid stability.
In order to accelerate bleaching, bleaching or bleach-fix solutions containing hydrogen peroxide together with a compound capable of forming a soluble silver salt with a silver ion under a neutral to alkaline condition have been proposed as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,454,224, 4,717,649, and 4,737,450. These solutions, however, still require a long time for bleaching and are not sufficient to achieve rapid bleach. Moreover, JP-A-53-75932 describes that processing with a bleaching or blix bath containing hydrogen peroxide tends to result in the formation of bubbles which results in a blister phenomenon, particularly on abrupt initiation of the bleaching reaction with silver. That is, in achieving rapid desilvering, compatibility of rapid bleaching reaction with inhibition of blister has been an important subject to consider.
Stability of hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution can be increased by addition of a stabilizer, such as sodium pyrophosphate and sodium stannate, as taught, e.g., in Research Disclosure, No. 11660 or W.C. Schump, Hydrogen Peroxide, pp. 515-547, Reinnold (1955), but the stability attained is still insufficient. Addition of an organic phosphonic acid to an intensifier to improve stability of hydrogen peroxide as disclosed, e.g., in JP-B-56-45131 has been proposed in carrying out intensification of a dye image using hydrogen peroxide. Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is, in general, catalytically accelerated in the presence of a trace amount of a metal and, as a result, oxygen is released. It is therefore considered that the stability of hydrogen peroxide may be improved by addition of a certain type of sequestering agent (chelating agent). However, even when the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is inhibited by using such a stabilizer, the formation of bubbles in the liquid on silver bleaching cannot be inhibited, and under certain processing conditions, blisters are easily formed.
Where a light-sensitive material after color development is processed with a hydrogen peroxide-containing solution having a pH of neutrality or higher (e.g., pH 8 or higher), it has turned out that intensification reaction of the dye image preferentially takes place due to a color developing agent which has been carried over by the light-sensitive material. As a result, bleaching of the image silver is retarded and, in particular, an area of low image silver amount (e.g., on a 10 mg/m.sup.2 level) is not completely bleached.
Further, bleaching by a hydrogen peroxide-containing bleaching solution is considerably inhibited when the solution is contaminated with even a trace amount of halogen ions dissolved from a light-sensitive material. In actual processing, since as halogen ions are accumulated through continuous running, desilvering insufficiency develops despite a sufficient concentration of hydrogen peroxide being present.
As stated above, many problems remain awaiting solution in using hydrogen peroxide as a practical bleaching agent.

Method for processing silver halide color photographic material


In one example, a connector includes: first and second pins protruding from opposite sides of a panel or a frame; first and second receivers on opposite sides of the other of the panel or the frame to receive the first and second pins; a first distance between the receivers shorter than a second distance between the protruding ends of the pins such that the first pin may be inserted into the first receiver and then the second pin inserted into the second receiver but both pins may not be inserted simultaneously into the receivers; and a movable retainer integral to the panel and the frame to retain the pins in the receivers. The retainer is movable between a first position to limit axial travel of the pins in the receivers and a second position to not limit axial travel of the pins in the receivers.

Some large format printers include a window that allows the user to see the print zone or other areas inside the printer housing. Often these windows are connected to the housing with hinges so the window can be opened to access components inside the printer housing.
The same part numbers designate the same or similar parts throughout the figures.

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


A gas sensor including: a gas detection element; a metal shell extending in an axial direction; and a metal cylinder extending in an axial direction, wherein a leading end portion of the metal cylinder surrounds a base end portion of the metal shell and is fixed to the metal shell via a circumferential welded portion. The metal shell includes: Fe in an amount equal to or more than 50.0 mass %; C in an amount of 0.02 mass % to 0.15 mass %; Cr in an amount of 11.5 mass % to 18.0 mass %; and Nb in an amount equal to or more than twice amount of C in mass %.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a gas sensor, in particular to a gas sensor including a metal shell welded to a metal cylinder, the welded portion having excellent corrosion resistance.
2. Description of the Related Art
A gas sensor provided with a gas detection element configured to change its electrical characteristics depending on concentration of a specific gas component in exhaust gas is used for controlling the air fuel ratio of an automobile. There are various sensors such as an oxygen sensor, an NOx sensor and a HC sensor. The gas sensor includes a gas detection element coaxially inserted into a metal shell. A leading end portion of the gas detection element protrudes from a leading end portion of the metal shell and is exposed to a gas to be measured, such as exhaust gas, so as to detect a specific gas component such as oxygen in the measurement gas.
A sensor output lead wire is connected to a base end portion of the gas detection element protruding from a base end portion of the metal shell via a pair of sensor terminal metal fittings, and a heater lead wire is connected to a ceramic heater inserted into the interior of the gas detection element from a base end side via a pair of heater terminal metal fittings. In order to protect these portions, a metal cylinder is fixed to the base end portion of the metal shell so as to surround their periphery. The metal shell and the metal cylinder are fixed by: fitting a leading end portion of the metal cylinder so as to surround a periphery of the base end portion of the metal shell; and subjecting these portions to circumferential welding. The circumferential welding forms a welded portion in which metal components of the metal cylinder are molten into the metal shell. The welded portion ensures air tightness between the metal shell and the metal cylinder.
The gas sensor is generally used under a severe environment. More specifically, the gas sensor is attached to an exhaust gas pipe of an automobile. Therefore, the gas sensor is heated to a high temperature due to heat from the exhaust gas pipe. Also, the gas sensor is attached to the exhaust gas pipe at a mounting thread portion formed at a leading end side of the metal shell. Consequently, a portion of the gas sensor is exposed to an outside of the exhaust gas pipe. The exposed portion is closer to the base end portion than the mounting thread, which includes a tool engagement portion and the metal cylinder fixed to a base end portion of the metal shell. Therefore, corrosive substances such as a snow melting agent, e.g. calcium chloride or the like, used in cold climate districts easily adheres to the exposed portion.
Since the gas sensor is used under the severe environment described above, the metal shell and the metal cylinder exposed to the outside a r e formed of stainless steel having excellent corrosion resistance. For example, the metal cylinder is formed from SUS304 having excellent corrosion resistance, and the metal shell is formed from SUS430 having cold forgeability although its corrosion resistance is slightly inferior (see JP-A-208165, for example)


A capsule mixing device which comprises a motor suitable for powering a vibrating mixing arm with vibrating device connected to the motor having at one end thereof an arm for holding a capsule in place during mixing, and card actuator suitable for activating and controlling the motor at a predetermined speed for a predetermined length of time whereby materials contained within the capsule are mixed to a predetermined desired state by action of the vibrating device on the arm.

The present invention relates to an automatically controlled capsule mixing device, and more specifically to a device having utility for mixing the contents of dental capsules.
In the dental field, mixing devices for dental materials such as for example, amalgamators, have generally been produced with mechanical rather than microprocessor controls. Therefore, key parameters such as mixing speeds and times are subject to variation and change from batch to batch and material to material, causing the operators to change mixing times and/or speeds. Often, the result is a setting outside the prescribed amount and a mix or a resultant product that does not have the described or optimum handling properties. U.S. Pat. No. 3,198,502 illustrates a device of this type in which the mixing time and speed are controlled by varying control elements on a machine manually under the control and direction of the operator.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,531,839, which is incorporated herein by reference, is directed to an automatic dispenser mixer having utility for mixing and forming a dental amalgam using a predetermined program and electronic control unit in which the key elements comprising the silver powder and mercury are tapped and selectively metered from respective reservoirs with the system in process controlled by the actuation of the conveyors for the material and the mixer through a display and the entry of various parameters to form the desired mixture.
The present invention is directed to improvement over the mechanically controlled mixers and amalgamators such as those illustrated by the 3,198,502 patent and to provide an automatically controlled unit which mixes capsules having a predetermined amount of dental material in order to provide constant performance which enhances the overall quality and use of the product contained therein.
The present invention is directed to a card coded dental mixing device whereby magnetic strip coded cards automatically feed product information to a dental mixing device which automatically mixes the contents of a dental capsule accurately to the desired time and speed necessary to provide products having consistent quality from batch to batch.


Apparatus is disclosed for the separation of admixtures from contaminated thermoplastic materials. The apparatus has a distributor screw, a retainer chamber and return flow holes for contaminated materials to pass from the retainer chamber into an annular space formed between the distributor screw and the screening element within the pressure chamber. The materials circularly travel around saw-like teeth of the distributor screw and back through the flow holes into the retaining chamber. The retainer chamber and the annular space are openly connected to each other at the inlet side of the pressure chamber. Purified materials exit through one outlet exit and admixtures exit through a second exit.

In the processes and equipment known to date, the thermoplastic material contaminated by admixtures was heated and squeezed through a screen by means of a piston. Other methods are known also. The disadvantage of all of these methods is always that it is difficult to transport the admixtures away. The material to be processed must be subjected to pressure and heat but its viscosity is high, and in the course of the reprocessing the percentage of admixtures becomes greater and greater and the percentage of the thinly liquid material smaller and smaller, which necessitates higher and higher processing pressures. This results in much wear of the machinery, e.g. of the screens and the pistons, and the process itself becomes rather uneconomical because it cannot be carried out continuously as screens have to be cleaned constantly, admixtures removed separately, causing long processing interruptions. Accordingly, the known methods with their equipment are not very economical overall because the equipment wears quickly, is subject to very high compressive stresses and, in relation to the material to be reprocessed, the yield is not high enough, i.e. the contaminations to be discarded still contain a relatively large amount of usable material.

Apparatus for the separation of admixtures from contaminated thermoplastic materials


Systems, apparatus, and methods are disclosed for controlling internet-connected devices having embedded systems with dedicated functions. A lightweight software that protects the internet-connected devices from security breaches and security threat is installed on the internet-connected devices. The lightweight software sends network traffic data to a management server via one or more rendezvous servers. The management server analyzes the network traffic data and generates a security update. The security update is posted on a blockchain. The lightweight software obtains the security update in the form of a blockchain transaction.

The market for Internet of Things (IoT) is growing at a fast pace (today's 6.4 billion of IoT devices is expected to become 20 billion by 2020). IoT is rapidly being adopted by consumers and enterprises, ranging from WiFi cameras, to baby monitors, to HVAC systems in buildings, etc.
Although IoT devices offer convenience and control, these devices are not protected from malicious actors. A major threat to IoT device proliferation is the lack of security and privacy. For example, in October 2016, Dyn™, a network intelligence firm that manages traffic for Twitter™, Reddit™, and Facebook™ was attacked and forced major websites to be offline for over 30 minutes. Dyn™ was attacked by compromised unsecured IoT devices, including DVRs, baby monitors, and toasters. These unsecured IoT devices were infected by malicious botnets and were remotely controlled to launch a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack on Dyn™. It is expected that two-third of all enterprises will experience at least one IoT security breach by 2018.

Methods, apparatus, and systems for controlling internet-connected devices having embedded systems with dedicated functions


A finger mechanism includes a first bone member and a second bone member, a first rotation core that rotatably couples the first bone member and the second bone member at end portions in a direction of a length thereof, an extensor tendon that is disposed on a side where the second bone member extends with respect to the first bone member and extends in the direction of the length of the first bone member and the second bone member, a first extensor tendon guide that is provided on both of the first bone member and the second bone member and guides the extensor tendon so that the extensor tendon is in contact with a part of a surface of the first rotation core, an extensor that is connected to the extensor tendon and extends and flexes the extensor tendon, a flex tendon that is disposed on a side where the first bone member flexes with respect to the second bone member and extends in the direction of the length of the first bone member and the second bone member, a first flex tendon guide that is provided on both of the first bone member and the second bone member and guides the flex tendon so that the flex tendon is in contact with another part of the surface of the first rotation core, and a flexor that is connected to the flex tendon and extends and flexes the flex tendon.

In recent years, robot hands imitating a function of a human hand and industrial robots equipped with the robot hands are proposed in order to grasp an object and perform some work (for example, refer to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-32140, No. 2011-245575, No. 2015-221469, No. 2011-67936, and No. 2004-42214).
However, in the conventional robot hand and the conventional industrial robot equipped with the robot hand, it was difficult to grasp and work on an indefinite soft object such as a soft object or an object whose shape is not fixed.

Finger mechanism, robot hand and robot hand controlling method


An image-forming apparatus includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a spacer that defines the spacing between the first substrate and the second substrate. The spacer has a portion ruggedized with grooves on the surface thereof exposed in the space between the first substrate and the second substrate. The grooves extend in a striped fashion substantially parallel with the first substrate and the second substrate. The ruggedized portion includes a plurality of regions, which are different from each other, in the ruggedized configuration. The image-forming apparatus thus controls an electron beam with a high accuracy, with no disturbance caused by the spacer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electron beam apparatus having an electron source for emitting electrons, and used as an image-forming apparatus, and a spacer for internally supporting an enclosure device arranged in the electron beam apparatus, and more particularly to an electron beam apparatus having a surface-conduction electron emitter device working as an electron source, and a spacer.
2. Description of the Related Art
Two types of electrode emitters, a hot-cathode type electron source and cold-cathode type electron source, are known. The cold-cathode type electron sources include a field emission (FE) device, metal/insulator/metal (MIM) device, surface-conduction electron emitter (SCE) device, etc.
The surface-conduction electron emitter device uses the phenomenon that electrons are emitted if a current flows through the surface of a small-sized, thin film formed on a substrate in a direction parallel with the surface of the thin film. Among such surface-conduction electron emitter devices, there is one device proposed by Elinson employing an SnO2 film, and another device proposed by employing an Au thin film, an In2O3/SnO2 thin film, or a carbon thin film.
Since the surface-conduction electron emitter device from among the cold-cathode devices is simple in construction and easy to manufacture, a number of devices can be formed over a wide surface area. The application of the surface-conduction electron emitter device as an image-forming apparatus such as an image display device, or an image recording device, or a charged beam source has been extensively studied.
One application example of the image display apparatus includes a spacer substrate, a faceplate as a second member having a fluorescent material, and a rear plate as a first member having an electron source. The space between the faceplate and the rear plate is maintained in a vacuum.
There is a potential difference between the faceplate and the rear plate with the faceplate set at a potential higher than that of the rear plate. Arranged on the rear plate are an electron emitter that emits electrons, a driving circuit that drives the electron emitter, and wiring electrodes that connect the electron emitter to the driving circuit. When the electron emitter is driven by the wiring electrodes, electrons are emitted from the electron emitter toward the faceplate, and the fluorescent material on the faceplate forms a desired image.
The spacer substrate interposed between the faceplate and the rear plate maintains the gap between the faceplate and the rear plate against the atmospheric pressure. The spacer substrate must have a sufficient mechanical strength to withstand the atmospheric pressure. It is also important to make sure that the spacer substrate does not affect the trajectory of electrons traveling between the rear plate and the faceplate.
The charge accumulated in the spacer substrate greatly affects the trajectory of electrons traveling between the rear plate and the faceplate. Some of the electrons emitted from the electron emitter or electrons reflected off the faceplate enter the spacer substrate, causing secondary electrons to be emitted from the spacer substrate. Also, ions caused as a result of the collision of electrons sticks to the surface of the spacer substrate. As a result, the spacer substrate is charged.
If the spacer substrate is positively charged, electrons flying within a close range therefrom are attracted by the spacer substrate. These electrons are deflected from a trajectory thereof to form a desired image. The resulting image on the faceplate is thus subject to distortion. The attractive force acting on the electrons becomes large as the electrons fly near the spacer substrate. The nearer the electrons are to the spacer substrate, the larger the distortion of the image on the faceplate. In such an image display apparatus, the electron trajectory is deviated more when the electrons reach the faceplate as the spacing between the rear plate and the faceplate is increased. The distortion in the image becomes pronounced.
To control the distortion of the image, an electrode for correcting the electron trajectory is conventionally formed in the spacer substrate, or the spacer substrate is conventionally coated with a resistive film having a high resistance for conduction, thereby allowing a slight current to flow and thereby to remove a charge therefrom.
In another method, spacer electrodes are arranged on the spacer substrate at the contact points thereof with each of the faceplate and the rear plate to apply a uniform electric field to a coating material of the spacer substrate. This arrangement prevents the spacer substrate from being damaged by poor contacts or concentration of current.
As disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 2000-311632, the surface of the spacer substrate is ruggedized, and is then coated with a high-resistance material to control the amount of charge in the spacer substrate.
Using the above-mentioned techniques, the conventional electron apparatus controls the electrons traveling close to the spacer from being attracted by the spacer, and corrects the distortion in the image.
A high definition requirement on the image display apparatus is currently mounting, and there is a need for an electron beam apparatus that controls the electron beam with a high accuracy.


An apparatus for processing data includes a processor configured to acquire size information on a size of first result data from a first node. The first result data is generated in first distributed processing executed by the first node on a first part of first input data for the first distributed processing executed by a plurality of nodes. The processor is configured to acquire data arrangement information for second distributed processing executed by the plurality of nodes. The processor is configured to generate a data arrangement instruction on basis of the size information and the data arrangement information. The data arrangement instruction defines an arrangement pattern of second result data generated in the first distributed processing executed by the plurality of nodes and stored in the plurality of nodes as the second input data. The processor is configured to transmit the data arrangement instruction to the plurality of nodes.

As the cloud computing is actively distributed, a distributed processing system is being used, which distributes big data among a plurality of servers, and executes processing on the distributed big data. The big data is a large amount of data stored on a cloud. This system is also used to analyze the big data for use in various services. For example, customers' taste on purchasing products may be analyzed by analyzing point card attribute information and Point of Sale (POS) system data.
As an example of such a distributed processing system, Hadoop® is known, which adopts Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and MapReduce as basic technologies. HDFS is a file system which distributes and stores data in a plurality of servers. MapReduce is a mechanism for distributing and processing data on HDFS in units called tasks, and executes a Map process, a Shuffle sort process, and a Reduce process. As an analysis process, for example, Message Passing Interface (MPI) is known, which is a communication library for parallel calculation.
For example, a distributed processing system that executes a MapReduce process and an MPI process has a master server operated as a name node and a job tracker, and a slave server operated as a task tracker and a data node as well as executing the MPI process. In the MapReduce process, each slave server executes the Map process, the Shuffle sort process, and the Reduce process on an input file in the comma separated value (CSV) format, converts the input file into a binary format, and writes the binary format file in a local file of each slave server. The data written in each local file is combined on the HDFS. Each slave server reads the binary data from the HDFS in the MPI process and executes a principal component analysis.
Related techniques are disclosed in, for example, Japanese National Publication of International Patent Application No. 2013-545169 and Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2011-150503.
However, with the above technique, the amount of communication tends to be large when reading data in the MPI process. Therefore, an overall processing efficiency tends to be deteriorated.
For example, each slave server of the distributed processing system writes an execution result of the MapReduce process in a local data node in accordance with an instruction of the name node. Each slave server combines the data written in the local file of each slave server on the HDFS. Thus, when a slave server executes the MPI process, an event occurs in which the slave server acquires data to be processed via a network. The data acquisition via the network is greatly affected by a bandwidth and load of the network, which may lead to a processing delay.

Apparatus and method for processing data


The core of a ski includes a layer of viscoelastic material positioned at the neutral axis thereof at every point therealong. An upper constraining layer is positioned above the viscoelastic material, and a lower constraining layer is positioned below the viscoelastic material. The core also includes an upper layer of low modulus of elasticity material placed above the upper constraining layer and a lower layer of low modulus of elasticity material placed below the lower constraining layer. A torsion box member constructed of high modulus of elasticity material surrounds the core to serve as the primary load carrying structural member of the ski. A cosmetic top layer is disposed above the box member while a bottom or running surface is disposed below the box member.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to skis, and in particular to a new vibration damped, composite snow ski.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Many recently designed skis have been constructed from a composition of several types of materials in an attempt to maximize desired characteristics such as lightness of weight, flexibility, and durability. The different materials have been positioned at various cross-sectional locations in the ski to attempt to influence these characteristics advantageously. Ski designers have recognized that a highly vibration damped ski has desirable characteristics. Efforts have even been made to construct skis which dampen the high frequency vibration or flutter that occurs during high speeds and on icy slopes thus increasing the proportion of the time the ski is actually in contact with the snow. The larger the percentage of the time a ski in contact with the snow, the easier it is to control, especially when turning. In the past, the search for means to damp vibration of a ski has been focused upon multi-layer types of skis which have an inherent damping capability as compared with skis employing an internal structural torsion box design. Torsion box skis are formed by wet wrapping fiberglass around the core of a ski. The use of a wet wrapped box, with its structural fiberglass side walls, produces a more vibration prone ski than the multi layered type ski, the resin side walls of which function primarily to seal the ski core rather than structurally strengthen the ski.
One type of known vibration damping ski incorporates a core of foamed plastic material. An example of this type of ski is disclosed in Grossauer, U.S. Pat. No. 3,372,943, wherein a foam core is encased within a top and bottom metal cover sheet and within side edge strips made from resilient material. The foamed plastic core material is said to partially dampen the resiliency of the skis.
Another ski utilizing foamed plastic in the core region is disclosed in Molnar, U.S. Pat. No. 3,861,699. In Molnar the core of the ski consists of a honeycomb structure having longitudinal cavities which are filled with foamed plastic. The honeycomb portion of the core is made from fiber reinforced, resinous plastic. The core is bonded to the bottom surface of the ski through the use of an elastic bonding medium such as an epoxy or phenolic. The particular bonding medium used is said to determine the dampening characteristics of the ski.
A second type of vibration damped ski, as disclosed by Allain, U.S. Pat. No. 3,414,279, utilizes an antivibratory member constructed from rigid plastic material formed in the shape of a downwardly open channel member. Spongy elastic strips of gummed neoprene material are used to attach the flanges of the antivibratory member to the lower portion of the ski.
A third type of vibration damped multi-layer ski utilizes viscoelastic material disclosed by Schultes, U.S. Pat. No. 3,844,576 and Boehm, U.S. Pat. No. 3,901,522. In the Schultes '576 patent, the ski includes a stretch resistant constraining layer of metal which is imbedded in a thicker and wider layer of viscoelastic material, thus isolating the constraining layer from the rest of the ski. The viscoelastic layer is positioned between the central core of the ski and the bottom surface of the ski thereby ensuring that the viscoelastic layer is positioned as far as possible from the neutral axis of the ski.
The ski in the Boehm '522 patent is constructed identically to the ski shown in the Schultes '576 patent with the exception that the constraining member of the vibration damping laminate is sandwiched below a layer of viscoelastic material and above a layer of rubber. The layer of rubber isolates the constraining layer from the bottom or running layer of the ski. The viscoelastic layer in turn isolates the constraining layer from the core and upper surface of the ski. As in the '576 patent, the constraining layer is substantially narrower than the width of the viscoelastic layer and the vibration damping laminate is again positioned as far from the neutral axis of the ski as possible.
Another example of a type of ski utilizing viscoelastic material is disclosed in Caldwell, U.S. Pat. No. 3,537,717, wherein two parallel strips of viscoelastic material are positioned longitudinally along the top surface of the ski between the bindings and tip of the ski. A constraining layer of aluminum, stainless steel or fiberglass material is positioned on top of each dampening strip.
A fourth type of ski incorporating viscoelastic material is disclosed in Head, Canadian Pat. No. 680,647. This particular ski is said to permit its bending to be independently varied from its torsional rigidity characteristics. The ski essentially includes an upper laminate, a central core and a bottom running surface. The upper laminate has a metallic top facing, an intermediate layer of rubber, and a metallic lower layer. This particular laminate construction is said to reduce the overall sheer stiffness of the ski, while not affecting the overall bending stiffness of the ski, thereby increasing the ability of the ski to absorb vibration.
Also of interest are Legrand et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,071,264, which discloses a ski constructed from a reinforced core formed from synthetic resinous material, and Seawall, U.S. Pat. No. 3,612,556 which discloses sandwiching a longitudinal strip of neoprene material below an aluminum plate and above the ground-engaging bottom strip of a ski. Holman, U.S. Pat. No. 3,635,482, discloses a ski which has a polyurethane foam core interposed between upper and lower sheets of glass reinforced thermoplastic material.


A plug connector assembly having a first plug connector and a second plug connector, wherein the plug connectors each have at least two contact elements, wherein the contact elements of the first plug connector make contact with the contact elements of the second plug connector at contact points in the plug-connected state of the plug connector assembly, such that the contact elements of the two plug connectors are designed in the form of contact lugs which project into a free space and can be elastically deflected.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a plug connector assembly with a first and a second plug connector. In particular, the invention relates to a multiple plug connection for the electrically conductive connection of two circuit boards for the transmission of radio frequency signals.
2. Description of Related Art
Circuit board plug connector assemblies should ensure, as far as possible, loss-free transmission of radio frequency signals, within a defined tolerance range in terms of the parallel alignment and the spacing between the two circuit boards. Other requirements of such contact elements include economic, manufacture, and simple assembly.
It is known for a simple connection (i.e., forming a radio frequency signal path) between two circuit boards to be established by two coaxial plug connectors firmly connected with the circuit boards and an adapter connecting both coaxial plug connector assemblies, the so-called "bullet". This adapter makes possible an axial and radial tolerance compensation, as well as the compensation of tolerances in terms of parallel alignment. Typical coaxial plug connectors used for this purpose are sub-miniature push-on connectors (SMP), Mini-SMP, or a connector for field-programmable gate array (FMC).
Alternatively, electrical connections between two circuit boards are also realized via spring-loaded contact pins, so-called "pogo pins", in single-conductor or multiple-conductor configurations. Such spring-loaded contact pins comprise a sleeve and a head guided partially within the sleeve as well as a helical spring supported between the head and the sleeve. The properties required of the helical spring in terms of spring force and block length demand relatively long spring lengths, which have a corresponding effect on the axial construction height of the spring-loaded contact pins. In addition, the use of spring-loaded contact pins in the single-conductor configuration requires that these need to be arranged in a particular pattern as signal and ground pins in order to achieve a satisfactory electrical output. On the other hand, because of their complicated structure, multiple conductors are susceptible to faults and are expensive.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH & Co. KG


A racemic mixture can be optically resolved by liquid chromatography, using a packing of the compound: ##STR1## wherein at least one group selected from among Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2 and Y.sup.3 represents silica gel and/or a siloxane bond moiety therewith and others represent each a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having one to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having six to 20 carbon atoms, an arylalkyl group having seven to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group having one to 20 carbon atoms or a combination thereof; X represents a spacer having one to 20 carbon atoms; and R represents a metallic slat of optically active t-leucine or tryptophane.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a novel resolving agent. More particularly it relates to a packing for liquid chromatography with which a racemic mixture can be optically resolved. The resolving agent proposed by the present invention comprises silica gel as a support, a spacer moiety which introduced by reacting a silane treating agent with said support and a metallic salt of optically active D- or L-tryptophane, or D- or L-tert.-Leucine, chemically bonded to said spacer.
2. Statement of Prior Arts
Conventional packings for optical resolution wherein optically active proline or hydroxyproline is bonded to silica gel include those reported by G. Gubitz et al. (cf. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. and Chromatogr. Comm., 2, 145 (1979)), K. Sugden et al. (cf. J. Chromatogr., 192, 228 (1980)) and V. A. Davankov et al. (Angew, Chem. and Ed. Engl., 21, 930 (1982)). Each packing as described above has a carboxyl group bonded to a copper ion via a coordinate or ionic bond and resolves a racemic mixture by taking advantage of the difference in the free energy of interaction between enantiomers of a racemic amino acid capable of coordinating with said carboxyl group.
However optically active groups which are known as available in these packings for optical resolution are limited in number, i.e. 2-azetidinecarboxylic acid, proline, hydroxyproline, allohydroxyproline, valine, histidine, cysteinic acid, aspartic acid, serine, threonine, tyrosine, alanine and isoleucine.
We have studied to further improve the properties of these conventional packings for optical resolution and consequently achieved the present invention.
That is, each of known optically active groups is effective in resolving only limited amino acids so that it is very difficult to optically resolve some amino acids therewith.


An approach to downloading content to a mobile device based on predicted service disruptions to avoid a loss of access to content. The service disruptions to wireless network connectivity can occur due to network dead spots, such as those occurring on a highway, in a tunnel, under a bridge or in a building. Embodiments monitor current and historical mobile device usage and historical wireless service data to form a history and generate a predictive model that makes predictions regarding anticipated dead spots and the types and quantity of content that will be requested during the dead spots. Decisions based on the predictive model can be made automatically by embodiments, such as when to start downloading content prior to entering a dead spot and how much content and what types of content will be downloaded based on predicted user requests.

The present invention relates generally to the field of mobile service disruptions, and more particularly to content prefetching based on predicted dead spots.
Interruptions to cellular service, known as dead spots, can occur for mobile device users when entering a zone where cellular service is out of range of a cellular data transmitter (i.e., a cell tower), or where some material in the environment is interfering with the signal transmitting the data. In order to avoid a loss of accessibility to content, such as data available from the internet, the content can be retrieved and stored in local memory prior to the loss of cellular service so that a mobile device user can have uninterrupted access to the content even while in a dead spot.

Mitigating service disruptions using mobile prefetching based on predicted dead spots

International Business Machines Corporation


A container (10) for a filter (12) has a cylindrical housing (16) receiving the filter (12) and permitting replacement of the filter (12) from an open end. An enlarged diameter fitting (22) is secured about the open end of the cylindrical housing (16) and has retaining lugs (30) for retaining a removable end cap assembly. The removable end cap assembly has an anchor plate (40) with projections (46) that are received within arcuate slots (32) of the end fitting (22). The anchor plate (40) is coupled to an end cap (42) for rotation to position the projections (46) beneath the lugs (30) to restrain outward movement of the anchor plate (40). A single bolt (44) through the end cap (42) is threaded to the anchor plate (40). Rotation of the bolt draws the anchor plate (40) tightly against the lugs (30). The end cap (42) is simultaneously forced against an O-ring (36 ) disposed on the outer end (50) of fitting (22) for sealing the end cap to the container. An embodiment of FIG. 5 has an adaptor (25A) removably connected to a flange (22A) on the cylindrical housing (16A) to provide a retrofit. An embodiment of FIGS. 6-9 provides visible external indicia on the cap assembly to indicate when the cap (42B) is in fully engaged position with the housing (16B).

Filters in refrigeration and air conditioning systems as well as refrigerant recycling and recovery systems, are utilized for the filtering of Freon (a DuPont trademark), gas and/or liquid ammonia, and other refrigerant gases and/or liquids. A filter to be replaced is normally saturated or at its breakpoint capacity with contaminates which are detrimental to the performance of refrigerant fluids system. Such contaminates include water, solid particulates, acids, varnish, oil, etc., entrained with the refrigerant fluid. Such filters are normally mounted or received within a cylindrical housing. A removable end cap for the cylindrical housing is normally removed for replacement of the used filter with a new unused filter.
Heretofore, it has been common for cylindrical housings receiving replaceable filters for filtering refrigerant gases or liquids to have an outer flange at one end with a removable cap secured to the flange by a plurality of fasteners, such as screws or nuts and bolts. The plurality of fasteners are spaced at arcuate intervals about the flange with the number of fasteners dependent on the size of the flange. It is time consuming to remove a plurality of fasteners, such as four (4) to ten (10), spaced about the perimeter of the flange for removal of a used filter, and then to remount the fasteners and end cap after replacement of the filter.

Container for a refrigerant system filter


The hydrotreating of petroleum feedstock is improved by using a layered transition metal catalyst, a mixture of such catalysts or a stocked bed of transition metal catalysts that has a selected ratio of edge to rim sites sufficient to provide a product having a predetermined sulfur and nitrogen content.. In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for selecting a transition metal catalyst system for use in hydrotreating nitrogen and sulfur containing feedstocks to provide a hydrotreated product having a predetermined nitrogen and sulfur content and at a predetermined reaction residence time, which method comprises: selecting the amount of sulfur and nitrogen to be removed from a given feedstock by hydrotreating to obtain a product having a predetermined nitrogen and sulfur content; determining the variation in the reaction kinetics for sulfur and nitrogen removal of the given feedstock by hydrotreating with a transition metal catalyst of varying edge to rim ratios; selecting, for a predetermined reaction residence time, that ratio from the varying edge to rim ratios of the transition metal catalyst that provides the requisite sulfur and nitrogen removal to provide the product of predetermined sulfur and nitrogen content.

Layered catalysts, such as transition metal catalysts, are well known catalysts that have a wide range of applications. For example, transition metal catalysts are useful in hydrotreating petroleum feedstocks to remove heteroatoms in the feed, like sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen, and transition metal catalysts can be used in hydrogenation processes, alcohol synthesis from syngas, hydrodemetallization of heavy crudes, catalytic hydrovisbreaking and the like.
The activity and, indeed, the selectivity of transition metal sulfide catalysts vary widely. However, achievement of multiple product targets can cause problems. For example, there has been a wide variety of sulfur containing molybdenum and tungsten catalysts that have been reported as useful in hydroprocessing petroleum feedstocks containing heteroatoms such as sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen. Because these catalysts display differences in selectivity, it has been generally necessary in hydrotreating these heteroatom containing petroleum feedstocks to overtreat the feedstock in order to obtain a treated product having a predetermined sulfur and nitrogen content. For example, it may be necessary to remove more nitrogen than is necessary to obtain a product with the desired sulfur content. This is particularly disadvantageous because it does not permit precise control over the sulfur and nitrogen levels in the treated product. It is also economically undesirable because of the excess hydrogen consumed in overtreating the feed, as well as the increased time and energy expended in achieving the desired product composition. Thus, there remains a need to improve transition metal catalyzed hydrotreating processes whereby a predetermined level of reduction of sulfur and nitrogen in the feedstock can be achieved with greater efficiency and/or less hydrogen consumption.


A desk system utilizing a plurality of stanchions that extend into and support overhead cabinets. The system includes a support structure comprising a plurality of support panels to which the stanchions are mounted. The stanchions extend through openings in the work surface and through openings in the lower panel of the overhead cabinet. The stanchions are mounted by means of fasteners to the inside rear corners of the overhead cabinet. The support structure also includes a lower raceway for running electrical and communication wiring, and this raceway is in communication with raceways defined within the stanchions by means of removable cover plates.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to modular desk systems for offices. More specifically, the field of the invention involves supporting structures for overhead storage cabinets in such desk systems.
2. Description of the Related Art
Modular desk systems are used in offices to allow flexibility in office arrangement and facilitate the interconnection of office equipment. Such modular desk systems provide wiring to the various types of equipment--telephones, computers, dictation machines, etc. Typically, work surfaces, cabinets, panels, and wiring raceways are interconnected with support structures to form the desk system. The panels extend from the floor, the work surfaces may be mounted at intermediate positions, and cabinets may be located at either the floor level or overhead, i.e., above the work surfaces.
Stanchions are used in such desk systems as support structures. The stanchions are typically made of sheet metal which are longitudinally bent to form a triangular or rectangular space in cross-section. The stanchion provides structural support for work surfaces, cabinets, and panels. The stanchions provide a rigid structure on which other components of the modular system may be attached to in order to support and interconnect the desk system.
In the prior art, the overhead cabinets typically attach to the stanchions by means of brackets supported by the stanchions and which are fastened to the underneath surface of the overhead cabinet. This increases the complexity of the mounting system, and results in support for the overhead cabinets, that is not as rigid as is desireable.
What is needed is an improved stanchion support system for mounting overhead cabinets.

Desk system having stanchion supported overhead storage cabinet


A filter having a substantially cylindrical or slightly tapered body design which has a plurality of elongated apertures formed therethrough. Each aperture is defined side to side by a pair of elongated, wedge-like rib members disposed one on each side of each aperture, and top to bottom by a pair of cross members which present a substantially square top side and an angularly declining bottom side. The end effect is a substantially rectangular entry aperture for fluid flow with the exception of the declining bottom side which promotes smooth, low resistance entry flow. The present invention is also directed to a method of manufacture of filters having the above-described characteristics. In particular, the preferred method involves an injection molding process in which a molten plastic (such as high-density polyethylene, HDPE) is injected into a two-part mold. The mold generally comprises a smooth, substantially cylindrical cavity and a notched and grooved core which is inserted into the cavity in a partial surface to surface contact relationship to complete the filter mold. Due to the extremely close tolerances required by a such a core and cavity surface to surface relationship, unique mold alignment modifications were also developed.

Fluid filters come in many shapes and sizes depending primarily on their intended usage. For example, filters positioned at the inlet to a pipe or tubing system are often also tubular in form. Conical and tapered cylindrical forms are alternatives used in these situations as well. Aperture size and quantity may also drive the ultimate geometric shape chosen for use. So too may the fluid to be filtered.
An example of a fluid system having special requirements which can be significantly impacted by filter shape is a blood flow system outside the body, i.e., an extracorporeal blood system. Poor flow patterns can create problems for blood flowing through an extracorporeal blood system. Excessively turbulent or unduly slowed or stagnated blood flow may activate the blood's clotting processes causing the formation of blood clots and strands in the blood. Clotting of blood in an extracorporeal blood system may result in occlusion of the tubing lines or in injury to the patient.
Extracorporeal blood systems usually include devices commonly known as drip chambers or bubble traps (referred to herein generally as bubble traps). One purpose of such devices is to capture and remove potentially harmful elements (such as air bubbles or blood clots) from the blood prior to treating the blood or returning it to the patient. Filters are often used to assist in this removal, particularly for catching blood clots and other particulates. A typical filter of this type is a conical or cylindrical device having numerous perforations formed therein. Examples of such filters can be found used in the bubble traps disclosed in the U.S. Patents to Brugger (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,503,801 and 5,591,251) and Raabe et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,489,385). A bubble trap with a filter of this type is also commonly incorporated into and thereby forms a distinct part of a cartridge cassette of an extracorporeal blood tubing and cartridge set such as those disclosed in the U.S. Patents to Heath et al. (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,666,598 and 4,770,787), inter alia.
It is believed that numerous filter designs may promote blood clotting because, among other possible detriments, they present an inherent resistance to ordinary blood flow. Resistance in a blood flow path slows the blood's progress which, in turn, allows the blood to initiate clotting. Such clotting can occur at points of stagnation or along surfaces presenting a high degree of frictional resistance. Resistance may also cause turbulence in blood flow filters and is thus sought to be avoided here as well. Turbulent blood flow may lead to clotting or the formation of air bubbles in the blood. If returned to the patient in the blood, either of these present a risk of adverse health consequences to the patient.
Though still operable for passing blood, filters of the prior art nevertheless suffer geometric inefficiencies which present friction, stagnation and/or general slowing of the blood flow; any of which conditions possibly leading to blood clotting. For instance, the filters in the bubble traps of Brugger '801 and '251 (referred to above) present a plurality of substantially square, right-angled entry windows (in cross-section) which force the generally downwardly flowing blood in those bubble traps to make right-angled turns in order to enter the respective filters. Such right-angled turns can have the effect of slowing the blood flow as well as creating stagnation points at the lines of flow divergence. The filter designs of Raabe et al. '385 suffer similar geometrical, flow-impairing drawbacks. The filters shown in Raabe have external projections which also force substantially right angled flow redirections for entry of blood into those filters. It is thought that such redirections cause slowing and stagnation which may promote clotting and thereby, flow restrictions.
Thus, it is apparent that there remains a distinct need for continued improvements in blood flow filters which effectively remove solids from the blood yet provide unhindered passage of the blood therethrough. It is toward this end that the present invention is directed.

Method and apparatus for injection molding a fluid filter


A voice component effectiveness judging section takes as input voice parameters from a voice component extraction section and determines whether or not an effective voice component is present that is sufficient for transmission to base stations. The output from the voice component effectiveness judging section is sent to a control section. If this output indicates that an effective voice component is present, the controller controls a modulator, transmitter, and synthesizer such that voice transmission is carried out in the transmission time slot. If the output indicates that an effective voice component is not present, the controller effects control such that in the transmission time slot, the synthesizer tunes to the radio frequency of the control channel of the adjacent base stations and the receiver and demodulator measure received fields.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a digital time division mobile communication system having separate time slots for transmission and reception at a mobile station, and more particularly to an adjacent cell monitoring method.
2. Description of the Related Art
As described for example in Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 327139/89, this type of adjacent cell monitoring is performed with the object of realizing a mobile communication method that enables constant optimum connection with a base station without deterioration in transmission quality as a mobile station moves from one zone to another.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the channel switching method in mobile communication of the prior art. Mobile communication exchange 61 is connected to public switch telephone net work 60, and base stations 62, 63, and 64 each having radio zones 65, 66, and 67, respectively, are each connected to mobile communication exchange 61.
While communicating with base station 63, mobile station 68 sequentially scans the control channel signals of base station 63 with which it is currently communicating as well as of adjacent base stations 62 and 64 at times other than during the time slots assigned to mobile station 68, receives signals, measures the reception quality of these signals, selects the optimum base station based on these measurement results, and transmits optimum base station information to base station 63 with which it is communicating. Based on this optimum base station information that it receives by way of base station 63, mobile communication exchange 61 then switches the base station connected to mobile station 68.
The above-described prior art has a disadvantage that a certain amount of time is required before the optimum base station is selected.
This delay arises from the necessity of measuring the reception quality of adjacent base stations before the optimum base station can be selected. Reception quality is found from the base station having the highest received signal strength after measuring the received signal strength of adjacent base stations. In order to eliminate the influence of fading, the measurement of received signal strength generally requires taking a plurality of measurements, for example, five measurements, spaced out by measurement intervals and calculating the average value. The number of received signal strength measurements required is therefore the product of the number of base stations in the vicinity and the number of received signal strength measurements per base station. Carrying out received signal strength measurements equal in number to this product in the time intervals outside the time slots assigned to the mobile station is time consuming.

Adjacent cell monitoring method and mobile station


A structure for attaching to a support a protective member having a rib comprises a single-piece clip with a rib-fastening section and a support-fastening section. The rib-fastening section has a pair of walls defining a space into which the rib is inserted, and the walls have respective resilient pawls that engage opposite sides of the rib to resist withdrawal of the rib from the space. The walls have reinforcing braces outside the space. The support-fastening section has a tube with a tapered lead-in member for receiving a stud projecting from the support.

This invention relates to a structure for attaching a protective member (e.g., a footrest or a tibia pad) to a support. The protective member may be made of a soft impact-absorbing material, and the support may be a vehicle body panel forming a base for the protective member.
Various structures are known for attaching a protective member or other member, such as a tibia pad, to a support, such as a floor panel of a vehicle. As examples of the prior art, see Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2005-14522A, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2005-145286A, U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,272, International Publication No. WO 2003/071904 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,605,424. In general, the prior art is deficient or disadvantageous in one or more respects, including the need for multiple attaching pieces, the need for a mounting hole or through-hole, and the need for structures that are complex in their configuration or mode of operation.

Structure for attaching protective member to a support


In one aspect the invention is a lead-acid cell of the type having a container. The container has a jar and a lid. The jar has an upper perimeter defining an opening matingly engaging and closed by the lid. The container houses at least one positive electrode plate, at least one negative electrode plate, a separator interposed between the electrode plates, acid electrolyte absorbed in the electrode plates and separator, and electrical connections from the electrode plate(s) through the container to an output terminal location. The lid is sealed to the jar. The cell is improved by the lid and the jar including a mechanical means for retaining the mating relationship of the lid and with the jar, when the lid is placed upon the upper perimeter, of the jar.

(1) Field of The Invention
This invention relates to lead-acid cells or batteries and particularly to the provision of a battery container (or case) in which the jar and lid are sealingly joined without the need for placement of the combination in a fixture for curing or hardening of the substance affixing the lid to the jar.
Battery cases are commonly made of engineering plastic material which is resistant to sulfuric acid, including Noryl.RTM. (polyphenylene oxide), ABS, polypropylene, and the like; and they include at least a jar where the plates, separators, and acid reside and a lid which is sealingly joined to the jar. Typically, sulfuric acid resistant epoxy is used to join the lid to the jar. The epoxies that are adequately effective at maintaining the joint are slow cure epoxies that typically take 4-6 hours to cure to a handling state and 16-20 hours for a full cure.
During cure, the hydraulic force produced by the epoxy, as well as other forces, are enough to cause the lid to partially separate from the jar, disrupting the seal. Even when the battery is left to cure inverted with the entire weight of the jar and all components contained within weighing upon the joint, the seal maybe disrupted by separation caused by the hydraulic and other forces.
(2) Description of The Prior Art
To overcome this problem the battery container is typically placed in a fixture, after the epoxy is applied to the region to be joined, and allowed to stand undisturbed until an adequate state of cure is reached that allows safe handling of the battery. Such fixturing adds expense in the production of the battery by requiring more equipment in the production line (the fixture and any equipment used in applying and removing the fixture), increasing complexity of assembly and increasing either labor or machine time during production.


A method of manufacturing a laminated coil component is a method of manufacturing a laminated coil component provided with a laminate obtained by laminating a coil conductor forming a spiral coil and an insulator layer. The method of manufacturing a laminated coil component includes a step of providing a conductor pattern configured to become a coil conductor on a green sheet configured to become an insulator layer, and a step of laminating a plurality of green sheets provided with the conductor pattern. The conductor pattern includes a pair of first side surfaces opposed to each other in an orthogonal direction orthogonal to a laminating direction of the green sheet. At the step of laminating a plurality of green sheets, a depression is formed on at least one of the pair of first side surfaces.

Known laminated coil components are provided with laminates obtained by laminating a plurality of insulator layers and inductor conductors interposed between the insulator layers in a laminating direction (for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-070172). A method of manufacturing the laminated coil component includes a step of laminating a plurality of green sheets provided with a conductor pattern to burn.

Method of manufacturing laminated coil component


In the present invention, an electrophysiology (EP) mapping or recording device for obtaining and recording information on a patient connected to the EP system includes a central processing unit (CPU), a display connected to the CPU, a cable lead connected to the CPU and configured to supply a physiological signal to the CPU from an electrode disposed on a patient, such as an electrocardiogram (ECG) surface electrode. A signal quality indication system includes a CPU capable of determining the EC signal quality and a light source disposed on the cable lead in close proximity to the patient. The light source is operated by the CPU to emit light in varying colors and/or in varying intensities or configuration corresponding to the quality of the physiological signal to visually represent the presence and quality of the physiological signal on the cable lead.

The invention relates generally to indication systems for cable leads, and more particularly to identification systems that enable the signal strength or quality for cable leads to be visually represented on the cable leads during studies or monitoring of patients.
Electrocardiography (ECG) studies record the electrical activity and pathways of a heart to identify, measure and diagnose arrhythmias. In particular, such studies measure electrical changes caused by the depolarization of the heart muscle during each heartbeat. To accomplish this, ECGs utilize electrodes that are combined into combinations, the output of which are referred to as a lead.
ECG leads are used in electrophysiology (EP) studies, which assess electrical activity through the use of catheters placed in the heart through veins or arteries. More specifically, surface ECG leads attached to the patient are used as the reference for the intra cardiac signals from the catheters. That is, they provide a voltage reference to the patient for measurement by other leads.
For EP recorder devices in general there is a strong reliance for the signal formation on the surface leads relative to the Wilson Central terminal. Thus, any degradation in the quality of the signal from the patient from the electrode, through the lead wire, the block and trunk cable can affect the intra-cardiac channels negatively with the imposition of noise on the wanted signal. An important mitigation for this is to ensure good electrode contact thus good signals from the electrode to the EP device.
In this context, ECG leads may encounter noise from a variety of sources such as power lines and wireless electrical devices. Moreover, EP studies are typically combined with ablation therapy in which a catheter employs radiofrequency energy, for example, to treat arrhythmias. Various medical devices may also attached to a patient during an EP study potentially creating noise. In addition, ECG leads have to measure relatively small electrical signals from the patient, less than 20 uV in some instances. As will be appreciated, given the above considerations, achieving acceptable study recordings may be challenging.
One significant problem in the utilization of the ECG in EP studies is physician awareness of the quality of the electrode site relative to the surface leads, and more importantly their impact on the intracardiac lead formation. While error messages on the screen of the monitoring device to which the surface leads are attached are a very logical solution to address this, the physician work space by necessity is already complex. Thus, any warning messages on the monitor screen, and additional demands on the user can be counterproductive.
Further, typically degradation of the electrode site occurs over a long period of time. Whereas loss of contact happens quickly, i.e., a bad lead, or disconnect from the electrode tab, which can be readily apparent either on the patient (disconnect) or on the monitor (warning of loss of signal from bad lead) intermittent signal behavior is not as readily noticeable and can easily be overlooked.
In addition, this challenge increases exponentially with complex patient studies such as performed in cardiac electrophysiology where catheter/lead sets of up to 250+ individual catheters/leads are possible, such as when using complex mapping catheters. In these situations, it is often difficult to locate a non-functional or reduced functioning lead which can cause significant issues, including a misdiagnosis of the patient.
There are many pre-existing solutions to electrode quality determination such as PCT Application No. WO/2008/056309A3, entitled ECG Electrode Contact Quality Measurement System. However, while references of this type can determine the quality of the signal received by the electrode, the manner in which these determinations are conveyed to the physician remain the same, i.e., a warning or error message on an EP recorder screen, which is often lost in the midst of all other information being displayed on the screen, or an audible alert, which can often be thought or as distracting and can be lost in other sounds provided by the EP recorded or other devices within the area in which the procedure is being performed. As such, any conveyance of an error message related to the signal quality needs to be done in a more direct and readily-assimilated manner.
In one prior art attempt to solve this issue, U.S. Pat. No. 5,042,498, entitled Intelligent Electrocardiogram System, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes, discloses an electrode for use with an ECG system or instrument that includes an LED incorporated within the electrode structure. The LED is operably connected to the device, such that when a difference in the impedance between the patient and the electrode is detected, the system activates the LED to identify the faulty electrode.
While capable of identifying the particular electrode that is malfunctioning, the LED utilized on this electrode provides only rudimentary information concerning the electrode function, and nothing concerning the quality of the cable lead or the signal from the patient being transmitted via the cable lead.
Accordingly, it is desirable to develop a visual indication system and method for the indication of the quality of a signal from an ECG lead at the patient, with the indication providing visual information regarding the signal as well as changes in the signal during the study utilizing the indication system.

Active ECG lead quality indication at the point of care


An improved shower apparatus is provided where a two-way selector valve is placed between a pre-existing shower head and a pipe to selectively allow water to flow between the shower head and a flexible rubber hose connected to a substantially cylindrical member. The member has a plurality of holes disposed along its length to create a horizontal triangular water spray. The bottom end of the member is removably attached to a wall of the shower and the rubber hose is looped around a retainer housing to provide vertical height adjustment.

Showers typically include a single shower head at an elevated position, pointing downward in a tiled enclosure. Some improvements exist in the prior art in the forms of elongated shower pipes and multiple shower heads.
Taylor, U.S. Pat. Nos. 432,712, and 439,793 purport to disclose a shower system providing a number of water sources directed to different parts of the body and under separate control.
Clifford, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 475,754 purports to disclose a system similar to Taylor, but has two wing sections which can fold out of the way when not in use.
Newton, U.S. Pat. No. 819,582 purports to diclose another shower system similar to those of Taylor and Clifford et al., but which is removably mounted on the rim of a bathtub.
Dimond, U.S. Pat. No. 924,602, and Holmes, U.S. Pat No. 944,611 purport to disclose shower systems with three, vertical sources of spray adjacent a flat tub wall above the tub""s nozzle.
Ejchorszt, U.S. Pat. No. 3,858,252, purports to disclose a shower attachment with a multi-position valve to direct water to various portions or sections of the attachment.
Ejchorszt, U.S. Pat. No. 3,984,879, purports to disclose a xe2x80x9cbuilt inxe2x80x9d multiple spray shower.
Bowden, U.S. Pat. No. 4,809,369, purports to disclose a portable shower with a plurality of linear tubular sections which can be connected together to form a single elongated spray head of desired length.
Daunt, U.S. Pat. No. 4,927,083, purports to disclose a variation of the spacing and location of spray apertures to provide different volumes of water from a spray head to different locations.
Jendis, U.S. Pat. No. 615,486, purports to disclose a vertical spray pipe that can have its jets cut off whole, or in part.
Smith, U.S. Pat. No. 3,724, 760 purports to disclose a vertical pipe with spray apertures surrounded by a moveable, water-tight sleeve having pre-determined cut out areas to provide for turning the spray on and off.
Davison, U.S. Pat. No. 5,909,969 purports to disclose a full body shower system with three generally horizontal water dispensing portions.
An improved shower apparatus is provided comprising a substantially cylindrical member with an upper and lower end. The upper end has means for removably attaching to a water source and the lower end has means for removably attaching to a stationary structure. A plurality of holes are disposed along the length of the member in a predetermined pattern constructed and arranged to create a horizontal, triangular water spray so that the water spray strikes an object at a substantially right angle.
In a second embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of cylindrical members are positioned along the perimeter of a shower with their resultant water spray converging in the center of the shower.


Aspects of the subject technology relate to a system configured to receive a request for data associated with a key, identify the key in a first pre-filter in a set of cascading pre-filters for the cache memory, wherein the set of cascading pre-filters is arranged in an order, and store, in response to the key being in the first pre-filter, the key in a second pre-filter in the set of cascading pre-filters, wherein the second pre-filter is next in the order after the first pre-filter.

A storage tier is a collection of different types of storage media. Each storage media in the storage tier may have different characteristics that include speed, throughput, size, cost, performance, etc. Various forms of storage tiers are used across the field of computer technology to reduce total storage costs, improve performance, and/or as a requirement of performing certain tasks. The storage media found in a storage tier, depending on the type of storage tier, may include, for example, cache memory, random access memory, solid state drives, hard disk drives, tape drives, local memory, network or cloud storage (e.g., a web server).
Caching is used to store certain data so that subsequent requests for that data may be served faster or more efficiently. In particular, the data may be stored in a cache or cache memory, which may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination. The cache memory is typically faster or more efficient to retrieve data from than other components in a storage tier. When a requestor (e.g., a cache client) requests data, it may first check the cache for the data. If the data is in the cache (a situation known as a cache hit), the data in the cache is retrieved and provided to the requestor. If the data is not in the cache (a situation known as a cache miss), the requestor retrieves the data from another storage media in the storage tier and stores the retrieved data in the cache for subsequent requests.

Cascading pre-filter to improve caching efficiency


An electric guitar (10) is disclosed as including spacers (50,52,54) and connector straps (56,58) that cooperate to provide mounting of the electric guitar on an acoustic guitar (12) in a spaced and fixed relationship. Three of the spacers are preferably utilized with one being an adjustable spacer (50) and two being end spacers (52,54) between which the adjustable spacer (50) is located in a central and rearwardly spaced position that also accommodates for adjustment of the guitar faces with respect to each other. In one embodiment, the connector straps (56,58) have a resilient construction and in another embodiment incorporate adjustable clamps (84,86).

Playing of guitar music often requires switching from one guitar to another which has been accomplished in the past by multiple neck instruments such as disclosed by U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,222,959 Stathopoulo which involves an electric guitar having a pair of necks that extend parallel to each other and face in the same direction; 3,636,309 Ezaki which involves an acoustic guitar having a pair of necks that extend parallel to each other and face in opposite directions; and 4,343,217 Brody which involves an electric guitar having a pair of necks that extend parallel to each other and extend in opposite directions from a body that is pivotally mounted so as to permit convenience in switching from one neck to the other. Also, U.S. Pat. No. 4,785,705 Patterson discloses flexible connectors for hanging one electrical guitar from another. None of these prior types of guitars has found widespread acceptance by guitar players who often still use a stand for holding an electric or acoustic guitar and will wear only the other guitar while playing short compositions on the guitar held by the stand.

Electric guitar mountable upon acoustic guitar


A water container cap including a push button for closing and opening a cap member is provided. A nipple disposed in the cap body is pulled up by the cap member when it is opened, by pushing the push button inward within a recess formed in the cap body. The nipple is connected with a soft flexible sucking tube fluidly communicating with the interior of a water container to which the cap is coupled. In this manner, the liquid stored in the water container may be withdrawn by sucking through the nipple.

A conventional water container for children to carry, such as canteens, etc. generally has a threaded cap for engagement with a threaded top of the water container. This is not ideal, having the disadvantage that the cap must be screwed open to use, and screwed shut when not in use. Further, the cap is likely to be dropped or lost and the container nipple can become filthy.

No. 31-13, Nung 55, Lane 274, Chung-Cheng South Road


Techniques are disclosed for generating an ensemble model from multiple data sources. In one embodiment, the ensemble model is generated using a global validation sample, a global holdout sample and base models generated from the multiple data sources. An accuracy value may be determined for each base model, on the basis of the global validation dataset. The ensemble model may be generated from a subset of the base models, where the subset is selected on the basis of the determined accuracy values.

Data mining is an application of computer databases to extract useful information from large volumes of data. Extracting the useful information may include processing the large volumes of data, identifying the most significant and/or meaningful patterns, and presenting the identified patterns as knowledge for achieving the goals of a user. For a data mining application to be widely applicable, a user should be able to supply the data mining application with data specific to a problem domain, without having to inform the data mining application about the nuances of the problem domain. The data mining application may then identify patterns with respect to the supplied data.

Generating a predictive model from multiple data sources


There is described a process for synthesizing 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine wherein 3-amino-4-cyanopyrazole is reacted with formamidine or a salt of formamidine at a temperature in the range of from about 85.degree. C. to about 125.degree. C.

This application relates generally to a chemical process and, more particularly, to a process for synthesizing 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine.
Processes for preparing 4-substituted pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidines are known in the art. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,772,294 discloses a process for forming such compounds wherein a pyrimidine compound is reacted with hydrazine or hydrazine hydrate. An article by R. K. Robins in Jour. Amer. Chem. Soc. 78, 784-790 (1956), discloses a process wherein 3-amino-4-cyanopyrazole is reacted with formamide to give 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine.
In the chemical synthesis art there is continuing interest in the discovery of new techniques for the synthesis of known materials. The present application is directed to a novel process for preparing 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine.

Process for preparing 4-aminopyrazolo-(3,4-d)pyrimidine