A jet-flow heat exchanging device for transferring heat from or to one or more heat transfer surfaces comprises one or more orifice groups, each for directing a heat carrier medium onto the heat transfer surface with at least one of the orifice groups including a main orifice for generating a main jet-stream, and at least two control orifices associated with the main orifice and configured to generate control jet-streams for interacting with the main jet-stream, so as to cause the heat carrier medium of the main jet-stream to swirl.

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for transferring heat between one or more heat transfer surfaces and a heat carrier medium in either a liquid or two-phase state, particularly for cooling of electronic devices.
Heat dissipation in technical devices, particularly in electronic devices such as power electronic devices, microprocessors or lasers, imposes serious issues regarding the design of technical systems, particularly with respect to system integration and performance. To avoid overheating of these devices, cooling measures are commonly applied. Owing to the increasing power density of such devices, cooling methods have steadily developed.
Most technical systems, in which cooling of a high-power density device is required, utilize a cooling medium that is forced to stream over a cold plate of a device or a surface coupled thereto, so that heat dissipated by the high-power density device is transferred to the cooling medium.
In contrast to air as a heat carrier medium, usage of liquids requires creation and organization of passageways within enclosed volume of a heat exchanging apparatus. Hence, such apparatuses become increasingly complex as the amount of thermal energy to be transported increases. Usually increase of heat exchange efficiency is achieved by turbulization of the flow that causes higher hydrodynamic losses within a cooling device. In view of a minimum flow rate required for transporting heat away from or towards to a serviced device, these hydrodynamic losses negatively affect the system, requiring bigger, more powerful pumps, increasing system's noise level and power consumption, and decreasing its reliability and uptime.
As increasing the transfer surface between the cooling liquid and the device to be cooled turned out not to be sufficient in high-power density devices, new techniques have been developed recently to cope with managing high heat densities of devices to be cooled. For instance, synthetic jets have been developed which are based on piezoelectric vibrations applied to the cooling liquid.
Furthermore, impingement jets are used which include jet streams of a cooling medium that are directed to a heat transfer surface. The cooling medium experiences a significant turbulization in the vicinity of the heat transfer surface which might result in an uneven heat transfer from the heat transfer surface, so that localized hot spots with reduced heat transfer characteristics will occur. This effect is even more dominant for higher jet velocities and/or inlet pressures.
For lower velocities, impingement jets have a more laminar flow with no or a low swirling tendency and therefore only a low heat transfer rate to the cooling medium due to the formation of a boundary layer between the jet and the heat transfer surface is obtained.
Artificial turbulization of the flow inside heat exchanger allows to achieve heat transfer rates common for turbulent flow at much lower velocities, and therefore with much less energy and much higher reliability. To achieve such an effect the swirling of a jet is essential. In document US 2011/0042041 A1, this has been achieved by directing jets with opposite flow directions over a heat dissipation surface in an interleaved, i.e. in a comb-shaped manner, so that the jets pass side by side with neighboring jets having transverse flow directions. Between two neighboring jets, vortices are generated which destroy the boundary layers between the jet and the heat dissipation surface and thereby improve the heat dissipation. However, the hydrodynamic losses are high due to alternating streams and a complex structure requiring low tolerance is necessary for generating those interleaved jets.
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide a heat transfer from or to a heat transfer surface by means of a heat carrier medium in a liquid or a two-phase state flowing along the heat transfer surface while providing low hydrodynamic losses and uniform heat flow rate, i.e. by avoiding local hot spots.

Heat exchanging apparatus and method for transferring heat


When a communication speed of CPU 104 can be increased, a procedure of automatic phase adjustment involves setting phase shift amount CLK_DLY=n immediately after a vertical synchronization signal interrupt is generated, and reading video detection data VIDEO_DATA(n) after setting phase shift amount CLK_DLY=n+1 when the next vertical synchronization signal interrupt is generated. When CPU 104 is limited in the communication speed, the automatic adjustment is performed by an automatic adjusting circuit which has phase control data memory 107, video detection data memory 109, and a trigger input served by vertical synchronization signal S102.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an automatic adjusting method and circuit.
2. Description of the Related Art
In one approach used for an automatic adjustment for a video sampling clock phase in a liquid crystal display device, phase control data is transmitted from a CPU, and then the CPU receives video detection data detected from an image sampled and displayed at a set phase value. This processing is repeated while the value is varied to determine an optimal phase value based on the received video detection data. The automatic phase adjustment requires a wait time which is the sum of a period taken for transmitting phase setting data, and period taken for displaying one screen of sampled image with a set phase value.
A prior art example of automatic phase adjustment will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.
FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary circuit configuration for performing a conventional automatic phase adjustment; FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary flow chart of the conventional automatic phase adjustment; and FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary timing chart for the conventional automatic phase adjustment.
The illustrated circuit comprises A/D converter 101 for sampling analog video input signal V101 generated by a personal computer or the like with sampling pulse S107 to convert signal V101 to digital video signal V102; digital video signal processor 102 for performing a color correction and scaling processing on digital video signal V102; display unit 103 for displaying processed digital video signal V103; clock pulse generator 105 for generating clock pulse S105, with which an analog video signal is sampled from horizontal synchronization signal S101; phase controller 106 for controlling the phase of clock pulse S105; CPU 104 for controlling respective peripheral circuits, such as supplying clock pulse frequency control data S103 and phase control data S104; video detector 108 for calculating video detection data S106 from digital video signal V102 for use in an automatic adjustment, and for supplying video detection data S106 when triggered by vertical synchronization signal S102; and video detection data memory 109 for holding video detection data S106 and supplying video detection data S106 in response to a read operation of CPU 104.
Now, description will be made on the operation of the conventional automatic phase adjusting circuit. Assume in the following description that phase shift amount CLK_DLY has maximum value DLY_MAX, and the phase shifted by DLY_MAX+1 corresponds to a full one-cycle shift of the phase.
At step F701, phase shift amount CLK_DLY is set to zero. CPU 104 supplies phase controller 106 with phase control data S104 (CLK_DLY=0).
At step F702, CPU 104 waits for an interrupt of vertical synchronization signal S102 which serves as a trigger pulse. The flow proceeds to step F703 when an interrupt is generated.
At step F703, CPU 104 waits for an interrupt of vertical synchronization signal S102 which serves as a trigger pulse. The flow proceeds to step F704 when an interrupt is generated.
At step F704, CPU 104 confirms whether phase shift amount CLK_DLY has reached maximum value DLY_MAX. When the phase shift amount has reached the maximum value, the flow proceeds to step F707. Conversely, when the phase shift amount has not reached the maximum value, the flow proceeds to step F705.
At step F705, CPU 104 reads from video detection data memory 109 video detection data S106 (VIDEO_DATA(0)) when CLK_DLY=0. Read video detection data S106 is held in RAM, not shown, in CPU 104 as optimal phase determination data at each phase set value.
At step F706, CPU 104 supplies phase controller 106 with phase control data S104 (CLK_DLY=CLK_DLY+1=1). As step F706 terminates, the flow returns again to step F702. This loop of processing is repeated until the condition at step F704 is satisfied.
At step F707, CPU 104 reads from video detection data memory 109 video detection data S106 (VIDEO_DATA(DLY_MAX)) when CLK_DLY=DLY_MAX. At this time, CPU 104 acquires optimal phase determination data at each of phase set values from CLK_DLY=0 to DLY_MAX.
At step F708, CPU 104 analyzes the acquired optimal phase determination data at the respective phase set values to calculate an optimal phase value.
At step F709, CPU 104 supplies the calculated optimal phase value to phase controller 106 as phase control data S104. Phase controller 106 controls a phase delay amount for clock pulse S105 in accordance with phase control data S104, and supplies A/D converter 101 with phase-controlled clock pulse S105 as sampling pulse S107. Subsequently, the processing is performed in a manner similar to that in a normal display state to display a video sampled at the optimal phase on display unit 103.
A wait time required for the sequence of processing is calculated as (vertical synchronization period×(DLY_MAX+1)×2)).
The prior art example described above ensures a period for displaying one screen of image sampled at a set phase value by first setting phase shift amount CLK_DLY to zero and waiting for two interrupts of vertical synchronization signal S102 which serves as a trigger pulse, thereby giving rise to a problem of failing to reduce the wait time and requiring an excessive amount of time for the automatic adjustment.
In an approach used in the automatic adjustment for the phase of a video sampling clock in a liquid crystal display device for displaying a sampled analog video output signal generated by a personal computer or the like, phase control data is transmitted from a CPU, and then the CPU receives video detection data detected from an image sampled and displayed at a set phase value. This processing is repeated while the value is varied to determine an optimal phase value based on the received video detection data. A method of determining an optimal phase value may integrate luminance difference values between adjacent pixels for one screen, and utilize the integrated value. Any of conventional methods requires a wait time which is the sum of a period taken for transmitting phase setting data and a period taken for measuring one screen of image sampled at a set phase value. Generally, the vertical synchronization signal is used as an interrupt signal, and the wait time extends over two interrupts, so that a problem arises in that a lot of time is taken until the automatic adjustment is completed.

NEC Mitsubishi Electric Visual Systems Corporation


Provided are a method and device for calling in a mute mode. The method includes that: when a terminal receives an incoming call, a current mode of the terminal is detected; and in the case where the terminal is in a mute mode, a call ring tone and/or vibration of the terminal are/is enabled according to a pre-set condition, so as to prompt a user to answer a call.

At present, most of communication terminals support the mute mode (that is, a no-disturbing function). Thus, in some occasions (for instance, in a conference or sleep), a user is protected from disturbance of a call ring. However, on the other hand, it is also possible that some emergency or important calls are missed.
In the conventional art, when a telephone is in a mute mode, a terminal user may miss some emergency or important incoming calls, thereby reducing the user experience.

Method and device for calling in mute mode


A pushbutton switch array is proposed which provides an illuminatable operating surface and manages with only few light sources without requiring any separate optical waveguide structures. The pushbutton switch array has a frame which is covered by a transparent film and includes recesses which have actuating elements accommodated therein for displacement. The actuating elements are configured to have light-guiding and light-coupling structures. A shared light source is, or only few shared light sources are, optically coupled to the light-coupling structures of the actuating elements which, for their part, are optically coupled to each other by adjoining light-coupling structures. The light-guiding structures guide the light coupled into the actuating elements to the actuating surface adjacent to the film. The actuating elements may be provided with symbols on their actuating surface adjoining the film, the symbols being visible through the film. Preferably, however, it is the film itself which is provided with symbols and/or legends which are assigned to the actuating elements arranged therebehind. These symbols are then illuminated by the actuating elements.

The present invention relates to a pushbutton switch array which is specially suited for use as an operating panel in a motor vehicle.
Switch arrays which are built into a faceplate or a frame and are composed of illuminatable switch units are known. Each switch unit has its own source of illumination. It is also known to use an optical waveguide structure to illuminate a plurality of switch units, the optical waveguide structure distributing the light from a shared light source or few shared light sources to a plurality of switch units. Both solutions are relatively complicated.

Group of momentary-contact switches as control panel which can be illuminated in motor vehicles

TRW Automotive Electronics & Components GmbH


A discharge nozzle of a jet engine has lobes, tubes or deflectors for promoting mixing of the engine discharge flow with ambient air to reduce jet noise. By providing the lobes, tubes or deflectors at only the upper portion of the discharge nozzle, jet noise perceived below the engine is reduced substantially without shifting the noise spectrum to include a higher proportion of piercing and irritating high frequency noise components. Additionally, in a turbofan, the fan or secondary flow is discharged below the primary exhaust flow to further reduce noise perceived below the turbofan.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to noise-suppressing jet engine nozzles and methods.
2. Prior Art
A principal component of the noise produced by a jet engine is jet noise, that is, noise from the turbulent mixing of a high velocity stream of gas flowing from a gas discharge nozzle of the engine into the ambient atmosphere.
One way to promote rapid mixing of a discharge flow with ambient air is to provide a multitube discharge nozzle, such as the nozzle shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of U.S. Pat. No. 3,612,212. Alternatively, a multilobe nozzle, such as the nozzle shown in FIG. 3 of that patent, can be used. An asymmetrical, multilobe mixing nozzle is shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 of U.S. Pat. No. 3,174,282. A nozzle having a notch to promote mixing is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,968,853.
Another way to promote mixing is to provide a deflector for directing ambient air toward the flow. Such a deflector can be in the form of an annular "aspirator ring", as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,174,282, or in the form of swingable "doors", as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,583,640.
In a conventional turbofan, jet noise can be reduced by mixing the primary or exhaust flow, that is, the stream of combustion gas discharged from the combustor and turbine, with the fan or secondary flow of air bypassing the jet engine compressor through the fan duct. According to the McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, combining the primary exhaust and secondary fan flows results in a jet noise reduction of from 5 to 10 dB (see Vol. 1, page 207). Further noise reduction can be accomplished by promoting rapid and complete mixing of the combined flow with the ambient atmosphere.
One problem with suppressing jet noise by mixing a high temperature, high velocity flow with ambient air or a cooler flow of lesser velocity is that mixing changes the noise spectrum or "signature" to include a greater proportion of high frequency noise. Since high frequency noise can be more irritating than low frequency noise, the overall noise level may be reduced without a corresponding reduction in the number of complaints to the noise produced by a jet engine.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,618,701 discloses another method of jet noise suppression which includes ejecting a "gaseous shield" below a jet engine discharge flow. However, this method requires complicated additional mechanism adding to the weight of an aircraft without appreciably increasing thrust.
Yet another method of suppressing jet noise is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,393,518 in which the high temperature primary exhaust flow of a turbofan
is discharged from the engine beneath at least the greater part of the stream of air which is passed through the fan, so that the noise in the stream of air tends to be refracted and/or reflected upwardly by the turbine exhaust gases.
See the abstract of U.S. Pat. No. 3,393,518. This patent is concerned with suppressing fan noise, whereas the present application is concerned with suppressing jet noise. As pointed out in U.S. Pat. No. 3,527,317, different methods must be used to suppress the different types of noise (see the paragraph beginning at column 1, line 47).

Noise-suppressing jet engine nozzles and method


An array of complex shaped top fibers that each include an address electrode, barrier ribs to form a plasma channel and a phosphor coating on the plasma channel create structure in a plasma display panel. The top fiber array is disposed on the plate facing the viewer and the light generated by the phosphors must penetrate through the top fibers to the viewer. The top fibers can be composed of a colored material associated with the color phosphor layer to add color purity and contrast to the plasma panel. The sustain electrodes are placed on the plate facing away from the viewer and can be included in an array of fibers containing wire sustain electrodes. The sustain electrode surface does not need to be transmissive since the generated light is transmitted through the top fiber array. Therefore, the sustain electrodes can be composed of a reflective metal and cover the majority of the surface of the bottom plate. Covering a large percentage of the bottom plate with sustain electrodes causes the maximum spreading of the electric field and generates the highest plasma efficiency. The sustain electrode bottom plate or array can also be reflective to reflect both the UV light generated by the plasma back toward the phosphor layer and the visible light generated by the phosphor layer back toward the viewer.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention pertains to the field of plasma display panels. More particularly, the invention pertains to using glass structures, such as fiber, to construct a color plasma display panel.
2. Description of Related Art
Plasma display panels (PDP) have been around for about 30 years, however they have not seen widespread commercial use. The main reasons are the short lifetime, low efficiency, and cost of the color plasma displays. Most of the performance issues were solved with the invention of the three electrode surface discharge AC plasma display (G. W. Dick, xe2x80x9cThree-Electrode per PEL AC Plasma Display Panelxe2x80x9d, 1985 International Display Research Conf., pp. 45-50; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,554,537, 4,728,864, 4,833,463, 5,086,297, 5,661,500, and 5,674,553). The new three electrode surface discharge structure, shown in FIG. 1, advances many technical attributes of the display, but its complex manufacturing process and detailed structure makes manufacturing complicated and costly.
Currently, plasma display structures are built up layer by layer on specialty glass substrates using many complex processing steps. FIG. 1 illustrates the basic structure of a surface discharge AC plasma display made using standard technology. The PDP can be broken down into two parts: top plate 10 and bottom plate 20. The top plate 10 has rows of paired electrodes referred to as the sustain electrodes 11a, 11b. The sustain electrodes are composed of wide transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes 12 and narrow Cr/Cu/Cr bus electrodes 13. These electrodes are formed using sputtering and multi-layer photolithography. The sustain electrodes 11 are covered with a thick (25 xcexcm) dielectric layer 14 so that they are not exposed to the plasma. Silk-screening a high dielectric paste over the surface of the top plate and consolidating it in a high temperature process step forms this dielectric layer 14. A magnesium oxide layer (MgO) 15 is deposited by electron-beam evaporation or sputtering over the dielectric layer to enhance secondary emission of electrons and improve display efficiency. The bottom plate 20 has columns of address electrodes 21 formed by silk-screening silver paste and firing the paste in a high temperature process step. Barrier ribs 22 are then formed between the address electrodes 21. These ribs 22, typically 50 xcexcm wide and 120 xcexcm high, are formed using either a greater than ten layer multiple silk-screening process, embossing a frit paste, or a sandblasting process. In the sandblasting method, barrier rib paste is blade coated on the glass substrate. A photoresist film laminated on the paste is patterned by photolithography. The rib structure is formed by sandblasting the rib paste between the exposed pattern, followed by removal of the photoresist layer and a high temperature consolidation of the barrier rib 22. Alternating red 23R, green 23G, and blue 23B phosphors are silk-screened into the channels between the barrier ribs to provide color for the display. After silk-screening the phosphors 23, the bottom plate is sandblasted to remove excess phosphor in the channels. The top and bottom plates are frit sealed together and the panel is evacuated and backfilled with a gas mixture containing xenon.
The basic operation of the display requires a plasma discharge where the ionized xenon generates ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This UV light is absorbed by the phosphor and emitted as visible light. To address a pixel in the display, an AC voltage is applied across the sustain electrodes 11, which is large enough to sustain a plasma, but not large enough to ignite one. A plasma is a lot like a transistor, as the voltage is increased nothing happens until a specific voltage is reached where it turns on. Then an additional short voltage pulse is applied to the address electrode 21, which adds to the sustain voltage and ignites the plasma by adding to the total local electric field, thereby breaking down the gas into a plasma. Once the plasma is formed, electrons are pulled out of the plasma and deposited on the MgO layer 15. These electrons are used to ignite the plasma in the next phase of the AC sustain electrodes. To turn the pixel off, an opposite voltage must be applied to the address electrode 21 to drain the electrons from the MgO layer 15, thereby leaving no priming charge to ignite the plasma in the next AC voltage cycle on the sustain electrodes. Using these priming electrons, each pixel can be systematically turned on or off. To achieve gray levels in a plasma display, each video frame is divided into 8 bits (256 levels) and, depending on the specific gray level, the pixels are turned on during these times.
A number of methods have been proposed to create the structure in a plasma display, such as thin and thick film processing, photolithography, silk screening, sand blasting, and embossing. However, none of the structure forming techniques provides as many advantages as using fibers. Small hollow tubes were first used to create structure in a panel by W. Mayer, xe2x80x9cTubular AC Plasma Panels,xe2x80x9d 1972 IEEE Conf. Display Devices, Conf. Rec., New York, pp. 15-18, and R. Storm, xe2x80x9c32-Inch Graphic Plasma Display Module,xe2x80x9d 1974 SID Int. Symposium, San Diego, pp. 122-123, and included in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,964,050 and 4,027,188. These early applications were focused on using an array of gas filled hollow tubes to produce the rib structure in a plasma display panel. In addition, this work focused on adding the electrode structure to the glass plates that sandwiched the gas filled hollow tubes.
Since this early investigation, no further work was published on further developing a fiber or tube technology until C. Moore and R. Schaeffler, xe2x80x9cFiber Plasma Displayxe2x80x9d, SID ""97 Digest, pp. 1055-1058. This work integrated the wire electrode(s) into glass fibers to produce the structure in a display, as shown in FIG. 2. U.S. Pat. No. 5,984,747, issued Nov. 16, 1999, entitled xe2x80x9cGLASS STRUCTURES FOR INFORMATION DISPLAYSxe2x80x9d, was granted covering this technology. Another fiber-based plasma display patent application, Ser. No. 09/299,370, filed on Apr. 26, 1999, entitled xe2x80x9cFIBER-BASED PLASMA DISPLAYSxe2x80x9d, covers many different additions to the structure in the fiber-based plasma display and is incorporated herein by reference. The manufacturing of the plasma display covered under U.S. Pat. No. 6,247,987, issued Jun. 19, 2001, entitled xe2x80x9cPROCESS FOR MAKING ARRAY OF FIBERS USED IN FIBER-BASED
DISPLAYSxe2x80x9d, and patent application, Ser. No. 09/299,371, filed Apr. 26, 1999, entitled xe2x80x9cFRIT-SEALING PROCESS USED IN MAKING DISPLAYSxe2x80x9d, allow for the manufacturing of any multiple strand arrayed plasma display and are incorporated herein by reference.
There are several advantages to creating plasma displays using arrays of fibers. The largest advantage is a reduction in the manufacturing costs of the panel of over a factor of two with a five times less capital cost requirement. These economical advantages result from manufacturing process with no multi-level alignment process steps, no need for large area vacuum deposition equipment, about xc2xd the process steps (potentially leading to higher yields), simpler process steps (hot glass extrusion, fiber draw, and phosphor spraying compared to photolithography, precision silk screening, and vacuum deposition processes) and the ability to create many different size displays using the same manufacturing equipment. Although using fibers to create the structure in a display has drastically simplified the manufacturing of the panel leading to a large reduction in manufacturing cost, there have been no advancements to the performance of the display. Plasma displays still suffer from low luminous efficiencies and poor color purity, mainly due to a lack of blue phosphor. NEC Corporation has been fabricating plasma displays using a color filter contained within the top plate and aligning the color filter with the corresponding phosphor colors in the bottom plate, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,072,276, issued Jun. 6, 2000, entitled xe2x80x9cCOLOR PLASMA DISPLAY PANEL AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAMExe2x80x9d. The addition of a color filter has created a display with a much higher color purity and higher bright room contrast. Adding color filters to plasma displays was first patented by Pioneer Electronic Corporation in U.S. Pat. No. 5,838,105, issued Nov. 17, 1998, entitled xe2x80x9cPLASMA DISPLAY PANEL INCLUDING COLOR FILTERSxe2x80x9d.
This patent describes a new fiber-based plasma display that economically incorporates a color filter and whose structure is designed to yield the maximum luminous efficiency.
The invention includes an array of complex shaped top fibers which each contain an address electrode, barrier ribs to form a plasma channel and a phosphor coating on the plasma channel to create the structure in a plasma display panel. The top fiber array is disposed on the plate facing the viewer and the light generated by the phosphors must penetrate through the top fibers to the viewer. The top fibers can be composed of a colored material associated with the color phosphor layer to add color purity and contrast to the plasma panel. The sustain electrodes are placed on the plate facing away from the viewer and can be included in an array of fibers containing wire sustain electrodes. Since the light is transmitted through the top fiber array the sustain electrode surface does not have to be transmissive. Therefore, the sustain electrodes can be composed of a reflective metal and cover the majority of the surface of the bottom plate. Covering a large percentage of the bottom plate with sustain electrodes causes the maximum spreading of the electric field and generates the highest plasma efficiency. The sustain electrode bottom plate or array can also be reflective to reflect both the UV generated by the plasma back toward the phosphor layer and the visible light generated by the phosphor layer back toward the viewer.


A method and apparatus for detecting remote network devices. In one embodiment, the method comprises detecting an event and a) transmitting a message requesting a response from one or more remote network devices, the message comprising a first network identification code, and b) determining whether a response to the message has been received, the response transmitted by a remote network device after receiving the message and determining that the first network identification code matches a second network identification code stored within the remote network device, the response comprising identification information of the remote network device. If c) a response has not been received, terminating the method for detecting remote network devices if a pre-determined time period has elapsed since transmitting the message. If d) a response has been received, storing identification information associated with the responding remote network device and repeating steps a-d until no further responses are received.

I. This application claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/214,116, filed on Aug. 19, 2011 entitled, "ROBUST COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL FOR HOME NETWORKS", assigned to the assignee of the present application.
II. Field of Use
The present application relates to the field of remote management and control of electric or electro-mechanical devices. More specifically, the present application relates to a method and apparatus for network device detection in home networks.
III. Description of the Related Art
Network technology has proliferated over the years, thanks to the ubiquitous nature of the Internet. Millions of home and business networks have been set up to access network resources, such as printers, computers, and other peripheral devices on the network. Such networks typically rely on a router and one or more remote network devices each possessing the necessary hardware, software, and/or firmware to enable communications to the router.
The most familiar type of routers are home and small office routers that simply pass data, such as web pages and email, between the home computers and the owner's cable or DSL modem, which connects to the Internet (ISP). However more sophisticated routers range from enterprise routers, which connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers that forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone.
When a new network is set up, a router is generally installed first. They are typically programmed during the manufacturing process to include a pre-assigned IP address, the most commonly one used today being 192.168.1.1. Wireless routers are additionally pre-programmed with a service-set identifier (SSID) that uniquely identifies the router and, thus, a particular local-area network (LAN). Users must generally change the default SSID to avoid interference with other wireless routers that may be operating nearby.
After a router has been set up, peripheral devices may then be connected to it. In the case of a wireless network, peripheral devices must generally detect the SSID and often be supplied with a password if data signals from the router are encrypted. Users of the network must generally have some knowledge of how to connect their peripheral devices wirelessly to the router.
In some networks, hardware may not take the form of the typical router and peripheral devices. This may be the case, for example, with custom automated outdoor home lighting systems. In this case, the router may take the form of a central control device and peripheral devices may take the form of a slave controller device that is able to communicate wirelessly with the central control device. In these custom networks, traditional ways of slave setup may be non-existent. However, it is still imperative that the central control device detect slave devices in the network.
Thus, it would be desirable to provide a method and apparatus for automatically detecting slave devices in a network.

Method and apparatus for network device detection


A method for realizing ring back tone in communication system, enabling that the calling user can only hear the ring back tone triggered by the primary called user no matter whether the call is forwarded or how it is forwarded. In the present invention, service control unit sets a mark indicating not to request ring resource in Invite message initiated to the forward user, and indicating the backward service control unit not to request triggering the ring resource. Optionally, service control unit only sends ringing message forwardly when it receives the backward ringing message and succeeds to request ring resource, and when it receives the backward ringing message, if service control unit has ever initiated call forward, then it deactivates backward ring resource. Optionally, each service control unit requests ring resource respectively, and forwards it when it receives 200 OK, where a mark indicating it coming from ring resource is set; service control unit deactivates backward ring resource, if it finds the mark in the backward 200 OK.

With the current rapid development of telecommunication technologies, new projects of mobile value-added services for both mobile and fixed phones have emerged continuously to meet increasing personalized demands of mobile users. For instance, Multimedia Message Services (MMS), Interactive Voice Response (IVR), voice short message, etc. have emerged as value-added services for mobile phones. Moreover, the color ring back tone service established since 2003 has brought a further increased Average Revenue Per Unit (APRU) to telecommunication operators.
The color ring back tone service, also referred to as a personalized ring back tone service, is such a service that can be subscribed to by a user for providing a caller user with a segment of musical song or another audio record instead of an ordinary ring back tone. With subscription to the color ring back tone service, a customer can set a personalized ring back tone freely, and while this user is being called, a musical song or another audio record subscribed to in such a personalized way, instead of an ordinary ring back tone, can be played for the caller user. Specifically, a personalized ring back tone can be any segment of music, song, audio record, video, etc. In the case of video, a terminal of the caller user is required to be capable of playing video media for the purpose of proper experience, and the service is also referred to as a multimedia color ring back tone or color video service. Essentially, an ordinary ring back tone and a color ring back tone including a multimedia color ring back tone each are a controlled media resource in a packet domain, and thus in the present specification, are collectively called a "ring back tone", and their corresponding media resources are collectively called a "ring tone resource".
On the other hand, in value-added services for fixed phones, call forwarding is a common service which was early put into use, and specifically refers to that for a subscriber to this service, an incoming call, which has not been answered by the subscriber (original called user), can be forwarded to another user (forward-to user) or a voice mail. The call forwarding service includes but is not limited to Call Forwarding Unconditional, Call Forwarding on Busy, Call Forwarding on No Reply, etc. The Call Forwarding on No Reply refers to that any incoming call for a subscriber to the service, which has not been answered within a specified time limit, is forwarded automatically to a pre-specified number. The Call Forwarding on Busy refers to that an incoming call for a subscriber to the service on busy can be forwarded automatically to another specified number. Such a service allows an incoming call for a subscriber to be forwarded to another number. The Call Forwarding Unconditional refers to that any incoming call for a subscriber to the service can be forwarded automatically to a pre-specified number despite the status of the called subscriber. The call forwarding service can satisfy the requirement of a user for flexible processing of an incoming call, and thus increasingly win the favor of various users.
In the present specification, a destination user called by a caller user will be referred to as a "called user" regardless of whether call forwarding occurs during the call. A forwarding destination user for the called user with which the call forwarding occurs and a further forwarding destination user for the forwarding destination user with which further call forwarding occurs will be collectively referred to as a "forward-to user".
However, some problems may arise from the combination of the call forwarding service with a new value-added service, for instance, the combination of the call forwarding service with a color ring back tone service. By way of example, a caller user A calls a called user B who has subscribed to a color ring back tone service and for whom a call forwarding service has been activated, and thus the call from the caller user A is forwarded to a forward-to user C who has also subscribed to a color ring back tone service. The forward-to user C accepts the call, and consequently his terminal rings. In such a case, both the called user B and the forward-to user C have subscribed to a color ring back tone service, resulting in a problem that a color ring back tone subscribed to by which of the users shall be played for the caller user A.
At present, a simplest solution to this problem is that a caller user is made to always hear a color ring back tone subscribed to by a final forward-to user despite how a call has been forwarded. In other words, in the above example, the caller user A hears a color ring back tone subscribed to by the forward-to user C.
In practical operation, however, an operator may require that a caller user hear a color ring back tone subscribed to by an original called user despite how a call has been forwarded. In other words, in the above example, the call user A shall hear a color ring back tone subscribed to by the called user B. Even if the called user B has not subscribed to the color ring back tone service, but the forward-to user C has subscribed to the color ring back tone service, the caller user A will hear an ordinary ring back tone instead of a color ring back tone subscribed to by the forward-to user C.
The operator has such a requirement because the color ring back tone service is a subscribed service which serves a called user, but it is a caller user that experiences the service. The caller user calls a familiar called user, and during connecting of the call, he is generally not aware that the call has been forwarded. When hearing a color ring back tone subscribed to by a final forward-to user, the caller user may be puzzled or even think that he has dialed a wrong number and hence hang up. Additionally, in the case that the activated call forwarding is the Call Forwarding on No Reply, the terminal of the original called user actually have been connected and thus rung, and the caller user may have heard a color ring back tone (or an ordinary ring back tone) triggered by the original called user. Only when there is no reply after the terminal of the original called user has rung for a period of time, the call will be forwarded. If the caller user is made to hear a color ring back tone subscribed to by the final forward-to user, such a switching of color ring back tone may bring an unpleasant service experience to him/her.
As can be seen, a good service experience can be provided for the caller user in the event that "regardless of how a call has been forwarded, when the call is put through, that is, a terminal of a forward-to user rings, the caller user can always hear a color ring back tone or an ordinary ring back tone triggered by the original called user until the call is answered for a talk or fails", as desired by the operator.
However, in a current packet core network using the SIP as call control signaling, there is no standard call flow available for such a service. Thus there is a need for development of a solution to this service in a packet core network using the SIP as call control signaling.

Method for realizing ring back tone in communication system


An injection molded thermoplastic holder for a metal measuring scale has an elongate tubular body of rectangular cross-section, a very slender internal scale pocket precisely sized to receive and protectively store and release the scale in a slip-fit relationship, air vent apertures at the bottom and along the length of the pocket, an integral molded plastic spring detent for frictionally holding the scale in the pocket, and a funnel to guide the scale into the pocket. An optional writing instrument is provided under the funnel and alongside the pocket. A new method of molding the unique scale holder with its elongate slender pocket is provided.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention pertains to a new and improved injection molded plastic holder for a metal measuring scale, and to a method of molding such a holder.
2. The Prior Art
The common 6 inch flat metal measuring scale is commonly carried by engineers, designers, draftsmen, machinists, and all of the trades that work with machines and structures.
These scales are typically carried in a chest level pocket in a fabric shirt or apron. The scales have quite sharp corners and will usually poke through the fabric pockets and will also soil the pockets during use.
There are two commonly used scale holders. The first is a leather holder having a crimped metal bead around its edges. The second is a heat or sonic welded flexible sheet plastic pocket liner which is seen in both narrow and full width versions. The full width version is also used for pencils and pens.
None of these are a high quality product, but merely are a functional necessity and are the least costly protection available.

Injection molded thermoplastic measuring scale holder


A gravity self-adapted chassis of chair has the first plug pin, second plug pin, third plug pin, forth plug pin, tilting plate, first connecting rod, and the second connecting rod of the chassis form into a four-point connecting rod mechanism so as to form the conduction of the force, the backrest is fixedly connected with the tilting plate to offer the driving force of the four-point connecting rod mechanism, the gravity applied onto the seat by the users forms into the reset force applied onto the four-point connecting rod mechanism through the third plug pin hinged with the bracket, and the driving force and the reset force of the four-point connecting rod mechanism form into the confrontation relationship.

A chassis of a swivel chair, also named as a tray of a swivel chair, is an important part arranged under a seating washer of the swivel chair, and the lift of the seating washer as well as the tilt angle of a backrest is adjusted thereby.
In the prior art, the chassis of the swivel chair usually consists of many parts such as an upper tray, a lower trimming beam, a rotating shaft and a spring device, wherein after an upper turn plate is fixed with the back side of a seat of the swivel chair, the swivel chair can be properly tilted around the rotating shaft and can reset automatically, so that users feel comfortable. For example, the Chinese patent discloses a tray (patent number is: 02287885.8), mainly comprising a base plate, a movable seat, a tapered pipe and an adjusting device, wherein the movable seat is movably connected onto the base plate, and the middle of the movable seat is connected with the tapped pipe of an air pressure stick, and the movable seat is welded onto the movable seat with the tapped pipe by the tapped pipe fixing plate; the adjusting device comprises an adjusting lever, an adjusting plate, a torsion spring a and a torsion spring a fixing plate, wherein the adjusting lever is inserted into the movable seat, the adjusting plate is fixedly connected onto one end of the adjusting lever, which is inserted into the movable seat, one side of the adjusting plate is contacted with the air pressure stick, and the other side thereof is connected with the torsion spring a; a rotation stopping sheet of the adjusting plate is arranged on the other side of the adjusting plate.
The adjusting device of the tray of the swivel chair is completely adjusted by the torsion spring, while for the users with different weight, the needed force of the torsion spring should be different, so that the product is not very good in universality. Aiming at the problem, the Chinese patent with the patent number of '201020264417.6' discloses a rolling shaft-adjusted tray of a swivel chair, wherein the gravity applied onto the surface of the chair is conducted into the reset force of the backrest, so that the swivel chair can be basically used for the users with different weight without being adjusted. However, when users sit on the chair provided with the tray and backwards tilt, as a part of the human gravity is supported by the backrest and the proportion is gradually increased, the gravity applied onto the surface of the seat is gradually reduced, and the reset force conduced by the gravity to the backseat is reduced along therewith, so that the reset force of the backseat is insufficient when the tilt angle is maximum, and the reset force excessively depends on the elastic recovery of an elastic reset device, therefore, the chair in the prior is limited in the target people scope, the users with light weight are hard to tilt, or the users with heavy weight are hard to reset to get up after titling, thus the most reasonable matched reset force can not be achieved.


In the manufacture of a multilayer polymer film, the thickness and degree of orientation are simultaneously measured. A beam of infrared radiation having predetermined wavelengths is either transmitted through or reflected by the polymer film to be measured and received by a photodetector. The photodetector provides an electrical output signal which can be analyzed to determine the thickness and degree of orientation.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to the measurement of films and more specifically to the simultaneous determination of the gauge and orientation of polymer films.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The present trend in the production of flexible packaging is toward multilayer polymer structures that contain a number of materials. The reason is that, quite often, no single material has the combination of physical and chemical properties required for the application. Furthermore, there is a trend away from the use of foil and paper, both of which require large amounts of energy to manufacture, and are consequently expensive. Polymer films are being used in their place.
Multilayer structures utilizing polymer films can be produced by lamination, coating or coextrusion processes. In coextrusion, a number of films are simultaneously extruded through a common die. This coextrusion process allows very thin layers of high performance, expensive polymers to be coextruded along with less expensive materials, to produce low cost, yet high performance, flexible packaging materials.
Coextrusions are used to make trash bags, meat wraps, shipping sacks, cheese and snack packaging, cereal liners and bakery overwrap, among other things. As an example, polyethelene (PE) and nylon are often used in combination in snack food bags, because nylon has good strength and toughness and is a good oxygen and carbon dioxide barrier, while PE is a good moisture barrier. In addition, PE carries printing ink and other coatings well.
In the manufacture of any multilayer polymer film, the thickness or gauge of the individual layers as well as the total thickness will vary as a function of process parameters. Thus, in order to manufacture a multilayer structure with adequate thickness in each layer, the average layer thickness will be made to exceed the minimum required so that thickness variations do not result in regions of inadequate thickness. If, however, thickness could be controlled, then less polymer would be required, on average. In lamination applications, individual layers exist prior to being integrated into the final multilayer structure, and therefore may be gauged independently by appropriate methods. In coating applications, layers are added one at a time, and may therefore be gauged by measuring the increased thickness of the product after each coating operation. However, this is not the case in coextruded structures. The polymer films are combined in the coextrusion die, and do not exist individually. Therefore, it is necessary to gauge the different materials simultaneously, in the presence of one another. It is desirable that such gauging be conducted on-line to minimize down time and reduce on-line waste. On-line gauging also facilitates closed-loop control of the process. It is also desirable that such gauging require little or no calibration by an operator because of time waste and the subjective nature of most operator intervention. In the same regard, it is desirable to gauge the thickness of a particular coextrusion under various conditions of overall gauge and relative composition without recalibration. The gauging method should be nondestructive and non-contact, of course.
There are three common on-line gauging methods: caliper, nuclear and infrared (IR). Caliper gauges are of contact and non-contact types. The majority of caliper gauges operate on the principles of magnetic reluctance or inductance. These methods are insensitive to compositional variations in the coextrusion, and, therefore, are unable to distinguish individual materials in a co-extrusion.
Nuclear gauges are non-contact. They operate by passing radiation (usually .beta. particles) through the film being gauged. Again, they are relatively insensitive to compositional variations, and are capable of measuring only total gauge. They are not appropriate for co-extrusions.
IR gauges (here inclusive of radiation of wavelength 1-50 microns) are non-contact. They operate by passing IR radiation through the sample. In contrast to the other methods, the IR technique can distinguish individual materials, since the transmission of IR radiation of given wavelength is a function of the material through which it passes. In general, the infrared transmittance of a film is given by EQU T(.lambda.)=e.sup.-.alpha.(.lambda.)d ( 1)
where d is the film thickness, .alpha.(.lambda.) is the absorption coefficient, and .lambda. is the wavelength of the infrared radiation. This simple relationship is known as Beer's Law. (See, for example, G. Barrow, "Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy", McGraw Hill, N.Y. 1962). A more common mathematical form is found by taking logarithms of equation (1) to get EQU A(.lambda.)=.alpha.(.lambda.)d (2)
where A(.lambda.) is the absorbance, or the negative logarithm of transmittance T(.lambda.). For multilayer films, e.g. coextrusions, Beer's Law can be applied n times for n materials if the absorption bands do not overlap in the n materials. Such a situation rarely exists in practice. A more sophisticated and realistic approach accounts for spectral overlap by solving simultaneously for the absorptions of each of n materials at the n wavelengths. This multivariate form of Beer's Law is given by: ##EQU1## Here, n is the number of materials, .lambda..sub.i is the wavelength chosen that is most sensitive to changes in thickness of the i.sup.th material, .alpha..sub.i (.lambda..sub.j) is the absorption coefficient of the i.sup.th material at the j.sup.th wavelength, and d.sub.i is the thickness of the i.sup.th material. In equation (3), the absorbances A(.lambda..sub.i) are measured and the absorption coefficients .alpha..sub.i (.lambda..sub.j) are known. The equations are then solved for the thicknesses d.sub.i. It should be noted that often the absorbance A(.lambda..sub.i) is replaced by an absorbance difference .alpha.(.lambda..sub.i)-A(.lambda..sub.i ') in order to account for baseline variations.
The absorption of IR radiation by polymer molecules results from the interaction between changing dipole moments in the material and the electric vector of incident radiation. In fact, the absorption coefficient is proportional to the square of the dot product of the change in dipole moment d.mu. and the electric vector E of the electromagnetic radiation. This dot product is given by EQU d.mu..multidot.E=(d.mu.)(E) cos .phi., (4)
where .phi. is the angle between them. In an isotropic medium, the absorption coefficient .alpha..sub.i (.lambda..sub.j) is independent of the direction of propagation of the radiation. In the case of anisotropic media, however, .alpha..sub.i (.lambda..sub.j) is more properly designated as .alpha..sub.i.sup.k (.lambda..sub.i).sub.k=x, y z where x, y and z are the measurement axis directions. Additionally .alpha..sub.i (.lambda..sub.j) can change if the orientation of the medium is changed as a result of applied stresses. This orientation results in alignment of the long macromolecular chains that comprise the polymer film. The chains tend to line up in the direction of applied stress. Groups that are part of the chain backbone and pendant on the backbone will move along with the chain without serious deformation, at least to a first approximation. Thus, the position, relative to the measurement axis system, of the dipoles responsible for the vibrational transitions that give rise to absorption of infrared light will change. The interaction between these changing dipoles and the electric vector of incident radiation will, of course, also change and thus the absorption coefficient will change.
It is well known that the blown-film extrusion process imparts stresses to the film. Starting in the die, the molten plastic undergoes shear forces upon extrusion through the die lips. Upon being blown into a tube, the film walls have a force applied to them in a direction transverse to the direction of motion of the film. The magnitude of this force determines the diameter of the tube and hence the width of the film web. Additionally, the film experiences a force in the longitudinal or machine direction, exerted by the take up rollers. The film is stretched in the machine direction, thereby determining its gauge. Finally, the tube is slit or collapsed to form a web. These transverse and longitudinal stresses induce strain in the layers comprising the coextrusion. The stresses result in orientation of the long chain macromolecules. It is also important to note that the coextrusion is under stress even after being cut from the roll. Each layer is in intimate contact with two other layers, except for the outer layers which are contacted on one side only. These sandwich layers serve to keep the inner layer rigid. More importantly, the stress and corresponding strain are not fixed when the film is cut from the roll. The coextruded film undergoes stress relaxation and this relaxation changes the orientation of the macromolecules in each layer of the film. The film does not simply mechanically recover from the stress since stress is still being applied, as indicated above. Consequently, absorbances at the chosen wavelengths will change in time. Also, physical properties such as material strength and chemical properties such as permeability to gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and liquids such as water, are related orientation. As the film relaxes, these properties change. It is therefore important that the manufacturer examine the product before shipment.
The fact that polymer films are oriented complicates the on-line gauging of such films. The infrared gauging technique requires knowledge of the absorption coefficient at each wavelength. Since the absorption coefficient varies with orientation, the standard infrared gauging techniques as expressed in equations (2) and (3), become inadequate because they incorrectly assume the constancy of .alpha..sub.i (.lambda..sub.j). It is also important to note that since orientation of polymer films affects their physical and chemical properties, it is also useful to be able to measure degree of orientation by an on-line, non-contact method.
There are a number of infrared techniques that have been used for measuring the gauge of polymer films. The simplest technique involves the measurement of the infrared absorption at a single wavelength (or wavelength pair), and calculation of thickness according to Beer's Law. Williams and Pugh (U.S. Pat. No. 4,027,161) describe a method of minimizing interference effects in such an instrument. Fumoto and Sawaguchi describe another solution to this problem (U.S. Pat. No. 4,429,225). A means of modulating the photodetectors in a infrared film gauging system is described by Ruskin (U.S. Pat. No. 3,825,755). An infrared sensor designed to measure coextruded films is described by B. Burk, in an article entitled "Infrared Sensors Control Thickness of Film-Coextrusion Plies," Modern Plastics, January 1984, pp. 84-8. This technique utilizes multiple wavelengths, but relies on non-overlap of absorption bands. This is a very restrictive technique, only applicable to a few special cases. Furthermore, it does not account for absorption coefficient changes resulting from orientation. The use of multiwavelength measurements with overlapping absorption bands is described in an articles entitled "New Sensors Tackle The Tough Jobs: Coextrusions, Foam, Filled Material", Modern Plastics, September 1979, pp. 88-91. Simultaneous equations are used in a multivariate analysis to measure the gauges of different polymers in a coextrusion. This technique does not account for orientation. The use of the multivariate approach in near IR instrumentation is described by R. Rosenthal, in "An Introduction to Near Infrared Quantitative Analysis," presented at the 1977 Annual Meeting of the American Association of Cereal Chemists. Reference is made to the measurement of the thickness of the layers in coextruded films. This technique, as stated previously, does not account for polymer orientation.
Two well-known techniques used to determine polymer orientation are dichroism and birefringence. The dichroic ratio is defined as the ratio of absorption of light polarized in a given direction to that polarized in the perpendicular direction (H. W. Siesler and K. Holland-Moritz, "Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Polymers," Marcell Decker, Inc. N.Y. (1980) p. 229). Dichroism requires anisotropy of absorption which in the IR region requires anisotropy of d.mu. for vibrational motion. Dichroism measurements on polymer films (Zbinden, "Infrared Spectroscopy Of High Polymers" Academic Press, N.Y. (1964), p. 212) are extremely useful for the determination of molecular orientation in polymers. However, the dichroic ratio, which is independent of thickness, cannot simultaneously determine orientation and film gauge.
Birefringence is defined as the difference between the refractive indices of a material as measured in two mutually perpendicular directions (Shurcliff "Polarized Light," Harvard University Press (1962), Chapter 7). Birefringence is associated with the anisotropy of the polarizability of the molecules comprising the material. Birefringence can be determined by placing the material between two polarizers whose major transmission axis are mutually perpendicular (crossed) and measuring the intensity of light that exits the crossed polarizers. If the material is not birefringent, no light exits the second polarizer. If it is, it renders the incident linearly polarized light elliptical by retarding the phase of one component of light relative to the other. This introduces a component of light perpendicular to that incident on the material. This perpendicular component exits the second polarizer. Birefringence measurements are used extensively to determine molecular orientation in polymer films (R. J. Samuels, "Structured Polymer Properties," John Wiley and Sons, N.Y. (1974) pp. 41-74). Since the birefringence is measured by using phase retardation, and phase retardation is proportional to thickness as well as birefringence, birefringence measurements themselves require independent means of determining sample thickness. Obviously, then, birefringence measurements alone cannot be used to determine film gauge.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a method of measuring the gauge of polymer films with infrared radiation, independent of the degree of orientation of the films. It is a further object of this invention to measure, simultaneously, the thickness of multiple polymer materials in a laminated, coated or coextruded structure, independent of the degree of orientation of each of the materials.
It is a further object of this invention to measure simultaneously, both the thickness and degree of orientation of polymer films.
It is a still further object of this invention to measure the degree of orientation of polymer films, independent of their thicknesses.
It is a still further object of this invention to measure, simultaneously, the thicknesses and degrees of orientation of polymer films, without the need for experimentally determining, for each production run, the value of the absorption coefficients.
It is a still further object of this invention to provide an on-line, non-contact method of measuring both the thickness and degree of orientation of polymer films.

Method of simultaneously determining gauge and orientation of polymer films


A control unit of an aircraft includes a computer that predicts the current position of a wingman aircraft based on a temporal change in wingman-aircraft position information indicating the position of the wingman aircraft; an antenna selector that selects, from among multiple antennas, an antenna with which the elongation φt with respect to the center axis of the antenna at the predicted current position of the wingman aircraft predicted by the computer falls within a coverage angle θ; and a beam controller that executes communication with the wingman aircraft via the antenna selected by the antenna selector. Thus, the control unit of the aircraft can select an optimal antenna for communication with the wingman aircraft from among the multiple antennas.

There are cases where aircrafts that are capable of shooting, searching for, and tracking targets shoot the targets being searched for and tracked.
As an example of this type of aircraft, Patent Literature 1 describes an aircraft that searches for, tracks, and shoots a target by way of the integrated use of an active target searching and tracking device and a passive target searching and tracking device that is capable of searching for and tracking a target without radiating electromagnetic waves.

Aircraft-antenna controlling device, aircraft, aircraft-antenna selecting program, and aircraft-antenna controlling method