A security device for monitoring the radio frequency signals generated by mobile phones and similar mobile computing and communication devices. The security device employs an antennae array and computer process that are configured to detect and provide a “fingerprint” for a mobile device based on the unique identifiers contained with the radio and other wireless signals utilized by such mobile device. The “fingerprint” that is obtained can be used to keep track of mobile devices as those devices enter and leave the area of the security device. Moreover, the security device can provide an alert when any new, foreign, or otherwise unrecognized device is within range of the security device and share “fingerprints” and alerts with other security devices in its network.

Presently available security systems primarily rely on a combination of a physical human presence (i.e. a security guard), reactive alarms (e.g. motion sensor, glass break sensor, and open/close sensors), and security cameras to provide security. The primary goal of these types of systems is to deter illegal and malicious activity and to provide an alert when such activity occurs. However, these systems have a limited detection range and lack both proactive alert and enhanced tracking capabilities. Furthermore, these systems are deficient in their ability to analyze patterns and to monitor and detect an individual person by something other than by visual identification.
Therefore, there is a need in the art for a system and method that monitors and detects the presence of a person by something other than visual observation or the breach of physical barrier or sensor. Additionally, there is a need for a system and method for a security system that has an increased detection range and the ability to provide proactive alerts. These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be explained and will become obvious to one skilled in the art through the summary of the invention that follows.

System and method for a security checkpoint using radio signals


A fly fishing reel includes a casing, a spool mounted rotatably in the casing, a handle connected to the spool via a connecting rod, an arcuate plate attached to the casing and formed with a plurality of angularly spaced apart retaining-holes, a drag adjustment lever having one end pivoted to the connecting rod, a positioning unit pivoted to the other end of the lever and having a retaining pin selectively and releasably engaging one of the retaining-holes so as to position the lever, and a releasing unit for disengaging the retaining pin from the selected one of the retaining-holes.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a fly fishing reel, more particularly to a fly fishing reel with a positioning unit for positioning a drag adjustment lever of the fly fishing reel.
2. Description of the Related Art
FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional fly fishing reel that includes a casing 200, a spool 220 mounted rotatably in the casing 200, and a handle 210 connected to the spool 220 via a connecting rod 211 for winding a fishing line (not shown) on the spool 220. An arcuate plate 100 is attached to an end face 201 of the casing 200, and serves as a measuring scale for indication of the quantity of drag resistance to rotation of the spool 220. A drag adjustment lever 2 is pivoted to the connecting rod 211 so as to rotate thereabout and so as to adjust the quantity of the drag resistance to the rotation of the spool 220. A spring-biased stopper 3 extends movably out of a side edge of the casing 200 adjacent to the end face 201, and serves as an indication of an intermediate drag resistance to the rotation of the spool 220 when the drag adjustment lever 2 is moved to abut against the stopper 3. The stopper 3 releasably engages a bent end 201 of the drag adjustment lever 2 so as to stop further rotation of the drag adjustment lever 2. The stopper 3 is pressable into the casing 200 so as to permit the drag adjustment lever 2 to pass over the stopper 3. The stopper 3 can prevent undesirable movement or over-rotation of the drag adjustment lever 2. However, it is inconvenient to simultaneously press the stopper 3 and operate the drag adjustment lever 2 to pass over the stopper 3 to a desired position.
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a fly fishing reel with a positioning unit that is capable of overcoming the aforementioned drawback.
According to the present invention, a fly fishing reel comprises: a casing having an outer end face; a spool mounted rotatably in the casing; an arcuate plate attached to the outer end face and formed with a plurality of angularly spaced apart retaining-holes that serve as a measuring scale representing different quantities of drag resistance to rotation of the spool; a connecting rod transverse to and extending rotatably through the outer end face at a position radially spaced apart from the arcuate plate, the connecting rod having one end connected to the spool; a handle connected to the other end of the connecting rod for turning the spool via the connecting rod; a drag adjustment lever having a pivot end pivoted to the connecting rod between the handle and the arcuate plate, and a fixed end opposite to the pivot end and extending radially from the connecting rod to confront the arcuate plate, the drag adjustment lever being rotatable about the connecting rod relative to the arcuate plate for adjusting the drag resistance to the rotation of the spool; a positioning unit including a tubular member having opposite inner and outer ends, a retaining pin disposed in the tubular member and extending axially through the inner end to selectively engage one of the retaining-holes so as to position the drag adjustment lever at a selected position relative to the arcuate plate, and an urging member connected to the retaining pin and abutting against the outer end for urging the retaining pin to move into the selected one of the retaining-holes; and a releasing unit including an actuating member extending movably through the tubular member, and a cam mechanism disposed in the tubular member and associated with the actuating member and the retaining pin in such a manner that movement of the actuating member results in movement of the retaining pin in an axial direction between an engaging position, in which, the retaining pin is urged by the urging member to extend into the selected one of the retaining-holes, and a disengaging position, in which, the retaining pin moves out of and thus disengages from the selected one of the retaining-holes, thereby permitting rotation of the drag adjustment lever relative to the arcuate plate.

Fly fishing reel with a positioning unit

11F-6, No. 333, Sec. 2, Hua-Mei W. St., Hsi-Tun Dist.


Microelectromechanical (MEMS) switches are used to implement a flying capacitor circuit transferring of electrical power while preserving electrical isolation for size critical applications where transformers or coupling capacitors would not be practical. In one embodiment, the invention may be used to provide input circuits that present a programmable input impedance. The circuit may be modified to provide for power regulation.

The present invention relates to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and in particular to MEMS for transferring electrical power while maintaining electrical isolation between the points of transfer.
MEMS are extremely small machines fabricated using integrated circuit techniques or the like. The small size of MEMS makes possible the mass production of high speed, low power, and high reliability mechanisms that could not be realized on a larger scale.
Often in electrical circuits, it is desired to transfer power between two points while maintaining electrical isolation between those points. Isolation, in this context, means that there is no direct current (DC) path between the points of transfer. Isolation may also imply a degree of power limiting that prevents faults on one side of the isolation from affecting circuitry on the other side of the isolation.
Conventional techniques of power transfer with electrical isolation include the use of transformers or capacitors such as may provide alternating current (AC) power transfer while eliminating a direct DC path.
There are drawbacks to these conventional techniques. First, when DC power must be transferred, additional circuitry (chopping) must be used to convert the DC input power to AC to be transferred by the transformer or capacitor. After transfer, further circuitry (rectification) must be used to convert the AC power back to DC power. This additional circuitry adds considerable expense. Second, the volume occupied by the capacitor or transformer may preclude its use in certain applications where many independently isolated circuits must be placed in close proximity or isolation is required-on a very small mechanical scale, for example, on an integrated circuit.


A secondary battery includes a pouch case provided with an accommodation part accommodating an electrode assembly and a gas pocket part collecting a gas generated in the accommodation part by the electrode assembly, and a clamp device coupled between the accommodation part and the gas pocket part to seal a gap between the accommodation part and the gas pocket part.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a secondary battery and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a secondary battery that is improved in sealability between an electrode assembly accommodation part and a gas pocket part and a method for manufacturing the same.
Description of the Related Art
In general, secondary batteries refer to chargeable and dischargeable, unlike primary batteries that are not chargeable. The secondary batteries are being widely used in the high-tech electronic fields such as mobile phones, notebook computers, and camcorders.

Secondary battery having a clamping device and method for manufacturing same


A method for metalizing at least one blind via formed in at least one substrate, including: a) arranging at least one solid portion of electrically conductive material in the blind via, b) performing a thermal treatment of the solid portion of electrically conductive material, making it melt in the blind via, cooling the electrically conductive material, solidifying it in the blind via, and wherein, before carrying out step a), at least part of the walls of the blind via is covered with a material able to prevent wetting of said part of the walls of the blind via by the melted electrically conductive material obtained during the performance of step b), the solidified electrically conductive material obtained after carrying out step c) being able not to be secured to said non-wetting part of the walls of the blind via.

It is known to make electrical interconnects or electrical contact pick-ups in a substrate by forming vias, i.e. holes or cavities, in that substrate, then performing a metallization of these vias, i.e. by filling them with an electrically conductive material such as metal.
Such a metallization of vias formed in a substrate can be obtained by implementing traditional vacuum deposition methods, for example PVD (physical vapor deposition), PECVD (plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition), electrolysis, etc. These methods are adapted to metalize vias with small diameters, for example smaller than about 100 μm, and small depths. The document "New Front to Back-side 3D Interconnects Based High Aspect Ratio Through Silicon Vias" by Mohamed Saadaoui et Al., 10th EPTC, Singapore, describes a method in which the vias are metalized by an electrolysis done in an ascending manner, i.e. of the "bottom-up" type.
However, these methods become inappropriate when one wishes to metalize vias with larger depths, for example in the case of through vias made in the entire thickness of a silicon substrate whereof the standard thickness is equal to about 720 μm, and even for vias comprising patterns with large dimensions, i.e. comprising a diameter larger than or equal to about 200 μm, due to the extremely long implementation times necessary, and therefore the cost to perform such metallization.
In order to reduce this cost, it is also known to perform metallization of vias by serigraphy: the electrically conductive material is arranged on the substrate in the form of a paste then, using a scraper, that paste is introduced into the vias.
However, such a metallization by serigraphy poses problems in the case of so-called "blind" vias, i.e. non-through vias that emerge at a single face of the substrate and that include a bottom wall. The more frequent flaws then encountered are the imprisonment of air bubbles in the vias, under the electrically conductive material, and/or partial filling of the vias preventing the subsequent realization of electrical contact pick-up formed by the vias on the side of the bottom walls of the vias. Moreover, serigraphy is also not suitable for metalizing vias having a substantial shape factor (ratio of the depth over the diameter of the via), for example greater than 2.
To offset these problems, document JP 2002/144523 A proposes to perform a metallization of the vias by the implementation of vacuum serigraphy. However, the drawbacks related to the implementation of such vacuum serigraphy are numerous:                the modifications that need to be made to the serigraphy material to perform such vacuum serigraphy are very expensive,        the time necessary to vacuum the substrate before proceeding with the serigraphy is significant,        the serigraphy material used to metalize the vias must be compatible with vacuuming, which requires the use of a polymer/metal composite as metallization material,        the quality of the electrical interconnect obtained for example between the serigraphed metallization material and the electrically conductive walls of the via is random.

Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives


The present invention relates to a ground milling machine, in particular a road milling machine, a recycler, a stabilizer or a surface miner, comprising a milling drum with a milling drum width (a) extending along its rotational axis and with at least two chiseling devices, each of which comprises a chisel and a chisel holder, and a sensor device for determining wear on the at least two chiseling devices in a contactless manner, said sensor device comprising a sensor for measuring a wear parameter of the at least two chiseling devices, the sensor being movable at least over a part of the milling drum width (a) in order to set an identical measurement angle (α) and an identical position of the sensor relative to the at least two chiseling devices in order to measure the wear parameter of the at least two chiseling devices. The present invention further relates to a method for determining wear on the at least two chiseling devices of the ground milling machine in a contactless manner.

Generic ground milling machines include a machine frame, several crawler tracks, a drive motor which usually is a combustion engine, for example, a diesel engine, a work device, in particular a milling drum housing comprising a milling drum, and frequently also a discharge conveyor for transporting the milled material. Generic ground milling machines are known, for example, from EP 24 23 384 A2 for a stabilizer/recycler, and from DE 10 2010 014 529 A1 for a road milling machine.
The milling drums each are equipped with a plurality of chiseling devices which, in addition to a work tool, in particular may comprise a chisel as well as a chisel holder and/or quick-change tool holder systems. Due to a rotational movement of the milling drum, these chiseling devices will be driven into the ground during the working operation, and thereby cause the milling of the ground substrate. The processed grounds, according to the field of application of the ground milling machine, for example, can be road surfaces, stone grounds, forestal or earth grounds, etc.
Depending on the hardness of the processed ground, considerable stress on the chiseling devices may result. Due to the continuous stress on the chiseling devices, in particular on the chisel and the chisel holder, they are particularly subjected to substantial wear on heavily stressed parts. Thus, preferably, at least parts, or components, of worn-out chiseling devices will be replaced at a certain extent of wear to maintain both the performance of the ground milling machine and the quality of the milling outcome, as well as to avoid damage on other machine components such as the milling drum.
Up to now, the time point for replacing the chiseling devices usually is determined by the operator of the ground milling machine in that the operation is interrupted, the drive motor of the milling drum is deactivated and optionally uncoupled, and the chiseling devices will be checked for wear by visual inspection. This manner of checking wear, however, is time consuming, labor-intensive and, in addition, depends on a subjective assessment of the condition of the chiseling devices.
To facilitate and objectify the assessment of wear on the chiseling devices, in the prior art, furthermore, methods are known which measure the condition of the chiseling devices via sensors, and thus permit an operator-independent assessment of the degree of wear on the chiseling devices. Such a method is known, for example, from EP 2 161 375 A2, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Therein, options are described to determine the position of one or more points on the surface of a chiseling device via a sensor system. In this manner, an unbiased quantification of the degree of wear on the chiseling devices can be performed. However, in the said document, for this purpose a fixed sensor is used which is to detect, from its fixed position, all chiseling devices over the entire milling drum width. In the case of a wide to very wide milling drum, it can be necessary to use several sensors which augments the production cost of the system considerably.
However, even when using a system comprising several sensors, variations in the results arise at the edge of the respective measuring range due to the different angles between the sensor and the chiseling devices. Owing to the unequal placement of the respective chiseling devices relative to the sensor, the degree of wear on various chiseling devices is detected with varying accuracy. With a different stress on individual chiseling devices, especially, significant differences in the assessment of the condition of the chiseling devices may result for this reason.


An antibody is produced, which will bind effectively with the antigen Campath-1, and which has at least one complementarity determining region of rat origin, as identified in FIG. 2, which may be combined with a range of different foreign variable domain framework regions as desired, including framework regions of human origin.

This invention relates to antibodies.
Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, comprise two heavy chains linked together by disulphide bonds and two light chains, each light chain being linked to a respective heavy chain by disulphide bonds. The general structure of an antibody of class IgG (i.e. an immunoglobulin (Ig) of class gamma (G)) is shown schematically in FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings.
Each heavy chain has at one end a variable domain followed by a number of constant domains. Each light chain has a variable domain at one end and a constant domain at its other end, the light chain variable domain being aligned with the variable domain of the heavy chain and the light chain constant domain being aligned with the first constant domain of the heavy chain. The constant domains in the light and heavy chains are not involved directly in binding the antibody to antigen.
The variable domains of each pair of light and heavy chains form the antigen binding site. The domains on the light and heavy chains have the same general structure and each domain comprises four framework regions, whose sequences are relatively conserved, connected by three complementarity determining regions (CDRs) (see reference 11). The four framework regions largely adopt a beta-sheet conformation and the CDRs form loops connecting, and in some cases forming part of, the beta-sheet structure.
The CDRs are held in close proximity by the framework regions and, with the CDRs from the other domain, contribute to the formation of the antigen binding site.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided an antibody having at least one CDR which is foreign with respect to the constant region of the antibody, said at least one foreign CDR being selected from CDRs substantially as identified in FIG. 2, namely residues 31 to 35 (SEQ ID NO:1), 50 to 65 (SEQ ID NO:2) and 95 to 102 (SEQ ID NO:3), of the heavy chain and residues 24 to 34, 50 to 56 and 89 to 97 of the light chain, the antibody being capable of binding effectively to the antigen Campath-1.
The term xe2x80x9cforeignxe2x80x9d is used in relation to the CDR(s) and constant region to mean of different origin.
In FIG. 2 and elsewhere in the specification amino acid residues are identified by the conventionally used one letter symbols, as follows:
In this specification, effective antibody-antigen binding is used to mean that antibody effects 50% binding to antigen at antibody concentrations of less than or equal to 70 ug/ml, preferably at concentrations of less than or equal to 7 ug/ml. Binding affinity may be tested by assay procedures such as are described in Example 1 herein, eg using Campath-1 antigen obtained from a glycolipid extract from human spleen. (ug=microgram)
Thus, a standard procedure for the extraction of glycolipids can be applied to the extraction of the Campath-1 antigen from human spleens. This standard extraction procedure involves the treatment of 1 volume of homogenised human spleen tissue with 3 volumes of water, 11 volumes of methanol and 5.4 volumes of chloroform. After mixing precipitated material is discarded and a further 3.5 volumes of water are added, followed by further mixing. The mixture is then allowed to separate into two phases, the lower chloroform-containing phase is discarded and the upper aqueous phase is concentrated to provide a crude extract of the Campath-1 antigen, which can if desired be purified further by affinity chromatography, for example using the YTH66.9 antibody referred to hereinafter.
The antibody of the present invention desirably has a light chain with at least one CDR selected from CDRs substantially as identified in FIG. 2 and a heavy chain with at least one CDR selected from CDRs substantially as identified in FIG. 2.
As a further possibility, the antibody of the present invention preferably has three heavy chain CDRs substantially as identified in FIG. 2, or three light chain CDRs substantially as identified in FIG. 2. More preferably, the antibody has all six heavy and light chain CDRs substantially as identified in FIG. 2.
Hence, in a preferred aspect the present invention provides an antibody having heavy and light chain CDRs which are foreign with respect to the constant region of the antibody, said CDRs being substantially as identified in FIG. 2, namely residues 31 to 35, 50 to 65 and 95 to 102 of the heavy chain and residues 24 to 34, 50 to 56 and 89 to 97 of the light chain, the antibody being capable of binding effectively to the antigen Campath-1.
The CDRs identified in FIG. 2 are of rat origin and may be combined with a range of different variable domain framework regions, as desired, including, eg, framework regions of rat or human origin.
In a further aspect the present invention provides an antibody having heavy and light chain variable domains as identified in the lower lines of sequence information in FIG. 2, namely residues 1 to 113 (SEQ ID NO:7) of the heavy chain and residues 1 to 108 (SEQ ID NO:8) of the light chain, the CDRs and constant region of the antibody being foreign with respect to one another, the antibody being capable of binding effectively to the antigen Campath-1.
Such an antibody comprises CDRs and framework regions of rat origin.
The invention also provides an antibody having heavy and light chain variable domains as identified in the upper lines of sequence information in FIG. 2, namely residues 1 to 113 (SEQ ID NO:9) of the heavy chain and residues 1 to 108 (SEQ ID NO:10) of the light chain, and that will bind effectively to the antigen Campath-1.
Such an antibody comprises CDRs of rat origin in framework regions of human origin.
Such an antibody may be modified by having a phenylalanine group at residue 27 of the heavy chain in place of serine, and possibly also by having a threonine group at residue 30 of the heavy chain in place of serine. A Ser(27) to Phe mutation is found to increase antibody-antigen binding significantly. However, the mutation of Ser (30) to Thr (in the human framework with the Ser (27) to Phe mutation) has little effect on binding affinity. This illustrates that point mutations in the antibody may have a major effect or little effect on the affinity of the antibody for the antigen. Although the two changes Ser (27) to Phe and Ser (30) to Thr are located within the framework region as defined in reference 11, they lie within the hypervariable loop Hl as defined in reference 18. It is accordingly believed that some changes in the CDRs may similarly be made without necessarily having an adverse effect on antibody-antigen affinity. References to CDRs substantially as identified in FIG. 2 are accordingly intended to include within their scope not only CDRs identical to those identified in FIG. 2 but also variants of such CDRs, subject to the requirement of the antibody binding effectively to Campath-1.
The antibody is preferably in biologically pure form, desirably being at least 95% (by wt) free of other biological materials.
The remainder of the antibody, namely the heavy and light chain constant domains and possibly also variable domain framework regions and one or more CDRs, can be based on antibodies of various different types as desired including, eg, rat and human antibodies of different classes. Thus, the constant domains can be selected to have desired effector functions appropriate to the intended use of the antibody. For example, for therapeutic purposes, human IgG1 and rat IgG2b are currently favoured isotypes. Further, of the human IgG isotypes, IgG1 and IgG3 appear to be the most effective for complement and cell mediated lysis, and therefore for killing tumour cells. For other purposes other isotypes may be favoured, eg, rat IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2c, human IgG2, IgG4 etc. For human therapy it is particularly desirable to use human isotypes, to minimise antiglobulin responses during therapy.
The Campath-1 antigen is strongly expressed on virtually all human lymphocytes and monocytes, but is absent from other blood cells including the hemopoietic stem cells, the antigen being described by Hale et al in Blood, 1983, 62, 873-882 (reference 6). That paper describes the antibody YTH66.9 which is specific for the Campath-1 antigen, this antibody being available from Serotec of 22 Bankside, Station Approach,. Kidlington, Oxford, England, under the designation YTH 66.9 HL. A further series of antibodies to Campath-1 have been produced, including rat monoclonal antibodies of IgM, IgG2a, and IgG2c isotypes (reference 7) and more recently IgG1 and IgG2b isotypes have been isolated as class switch variants from the IgG2a secreting cell line YTH 34.5HL (reference 8). All of these antibodies with the exception of the rat IgG2c isotype are able to efficiently lyse human lymphocytes with human complement.
In addition, the IgG2b antibody YTH 34.5HL-G2b, but not the other isotypes, is effective in antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) with human effector cells (reference 8). These rat monoclonal antibodies have found important application in the context of immunosuppression, for control of graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplantation (reference 6); the management of organ rejection (reference 9); the prevention of marrow rejection and in the treatment of various lymphoid malignancies (reference 10). For in-vivo use, the IgG2b antibody YTH 34.5HL-G2b seems to be the most effective at depleting lymphocytes, but the use of any of the antibodies in this group is limited by the antiglobulin response which can occur within two weeks of the initiation of treatment (reference 10).
Antibodies in accordance with the invention, particularly those based on human isotypes, thus have good therapeutic potential. In particular, the availability of a reshaped human antibody with specificity for the Campath-1 antigen should permit a full analysis of the in vivo potency and immunogenicity of an anti-lymphocyte antibody with wide therapeutic potential. Such reshaped antibodies have been used in the treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, as well as in the treatment of some cases of autoimmune disease. Further trials with organ graft patients, particularly kidney graft patients, are proposed. Even if anti-idiotypic responses are eventually observed, considerable therapeutic benefit could be derived by an extended course of treatment. In addition an antiglobulin response restricted to idiotype should be circumvented by using a series of antibodies with different idiotype (reference 20). In principle, the idiotype of the reshaped Campath-1 could be changed by altering the hypervariable regions or the framework regions: evidence from a reshaped antibody specific for the hapten nitrophenyl acetate suggests that the recognition by anti-idiotypic antisera and anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies is influenced by residues in the framework region (reference 5). Thus recycling the hypervariable regions on different human framework regions should change the idiotype, although ultimately it could focus the response directly onto the binding site for Campath-1 antigen. Although such focussing would be undesirable for Campath-1 antibodies, it could be an advantage for the development of anti-idiotypic vaccines.
In a further aspect, the invention thus provides a method of treating patients, particularly humans, with cancers, particularly lymphomas, or for immunosuppression purposes, comprising administering antibodies in accordance with the invention.
Antibodies in accordance with the present invention may be formulated for administration to patients by mixing antibody purified in conventional manner with a physiologically acceptable diluent or carrier, possibly in admixture with other therapeutic agents such as other antibodies. In one example, purified antibody was reconstituted in a commercially available human plasma protein solution (minus gamma globulin). The formulation was administered by intravenous infusion at the rate of 5 mg antibody per day for at least 10 days.
Antibodies in accordance with the invention can be produced in various different ways, as will be described in greater detail in the Examples following.
Heavy and light chain variable domains are conveniently produced separately and assembled with the remainder of an antibody of desired origin, eg desired human isotype.
Genes encoding the variable domains of an antibody of desired structure may be produced, and attached to genes encoding the constant domains of an antibody of desired isotype. Genes encoding variable domains can be derived from hybridoma cDNA or from the chromosome. Genes encoding the variable domains are also conveniently constructed by gene synthesis techniques or by site directed mutagenesis using long synthetic oligonucleotides. Expression is conveniently effected by transforming a cell line, eg an immortalised mammalian cell line such as a myeloma cell line, with expression vectors including DNA coding for the variable domains and for the remainder of the antibody and culturing the transfomed cell line to produce the desired antibody.
In another aspect the invention provides a process for the preparation of an antibody having at least one CDR (complementarity determining region) which is foreign with respect of the constant region of the antibody, said at least one foreign CDR being selected from CDRs substantially as identified in FIG. 2, that is amino acid residues 31 to 35, 50 to 65 and 95 to 102 of the heavy chain as shown in FIG. 2a, and amino acid residues 24 to 34, 50 to 56 and 89 to 97 of the light chain as shown in FIG. 2b, the antibody being capable of binding effectively to the antigen Campath-1, which process comprises culturing a cell capable of expressing the antibody in order to effect express-ion thereof.
It will be appreciated that the antibody may be used in a form which retains the CDRs but lacks other parts of the whole molecule not essential to its binding efficacy, in particular a F(abxe2x80x2)2 fragment, and the word antibody is used herein to include such materials.