Processing for judging whether a face is included in a frame is performed, in a predetermined interval, on each of frames included in a moving image of a subject, displayed on a monitor, until the judgment becomes positive. If it is judged that a face is included in a frame, the facial position is detected in the frame, and stored. Then, judgment is made as to whether a face is included in the next frame after predetermined time. If the judgment is positive, the facial position is detected. The previously stored facial position is replaced by the newly detected facial position, and the newly detected facial position is stored. These processes are repeated until photographing operation is performed by operating a release unit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a photographing apparatus, such as a digital camera, for obtaining image data by taking a photograph and storing the obtained image data in a storage means such as a memory card. The present invention also relates to a photographing method for the photographing apparatus and a program for causing a computer to execute the photographing method.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, when a photograph of a person is taken using a strobe (an electronic flash), there is a problem that the person's eyes glow red or gold in the photograph. This is a so-called red-eye phenomenon. The red-eye phenomenon occurs when strobe light passes through the pupils of the eyes, is reflected at the retinas of the eyes, and the reflected light is captured in a film.
Various systems for automatically detecting and correcting the red-eye as described above have been proposed. Particularly, various photographing apparatuses such as digital cameras have been proposed, which correct the red-eye in image data obtained with the digital cameras, by performing correction processing in the digital cameras, (for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10(1998)-233929, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 11(1999)-127371, and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-305141).
However, red-eye correction processing requires detection of a human face in an image, represented by the image data, first, and further detection of the positions of the eyes in the detected face. The red-eye correction processing also requires correction processing for changing the color of the eyes from red to black. Since the digital cameras have much lower processing capacity than personal computers, a long time is required for the red-eye correction processing. Hence, there is a problem that the wait time becomes long until performing a next operation, such as displaying an obtained image on a liquid crystal monitor of a digital camera after photographing, or getting the digital camera ready to take a next photograph.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Photographing apparatus, method and program


An indoor navigation method of a handheld terminal, which includes: after receiving an instruction, obtaining an image within a scope of a lens, performing analysis on a barcode of a barcode label in the image, obtaining identifier information of each barcode label, selecting color blocks from at least two barcode labels; calculating coordinates of each of the color blocks in a pixel coordinate system according to a position of each selected color block in the image; and calculating coordinates corresponding to each of the color blocks in a coordinate system on the basis of association data of identifier information of the barcode labels and coordinates of the color blocks in the coordinate system according to a barcode label at which each selected color block is located, and calculating coordinates of the handheld terminal in the coordinate system according to a coordinate calculation rule.

At present, when a user uses a handheld terminal, some indoor places are large and a distribution condition of regions is relatively complicated, so that it is difficult to find out a target area or position after the user enters into these places. Currently, although there are some solutions for handheld terminal navigation in indoor places, these solutions have high requirements on hardware and software in these places. In addition, these solutions cannot quickly and accurately calculate a precise real-time position of handheld terminals, resulting in lower navigation precision.

Indoor navigation method of handheld terminal, handheld terminal, and storage medium


Novel BPI deletion analogs are provided that consist of amino acid residues 10 through 193 of mature human BPI wherein the cysteine residue at BPI amino acid position 132 is replaced by another amino acid. Fusion proteins comprising these analogs are also provided, as are polynucleotides encoding these products, materials and methods for their recombinant production, compositions and medicaments of these products, and therapeutic uses for these products.

The present invention provides preparations of novel biologically active deletion analogs of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) characterized by improved stability and homogeneity as well as by enhanced in vivo activity, and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same.
BPI is a protein isolated from the granules of mammalian polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs or neutrophils), which are blood cells essential in the defense against invading microorganisms. BPI is known to bind to lipopolysaccharide, a major component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria that stimulates a potent inflammatory response which can lead to septic shock. Human BPI protein has been isolated from PMNs by acid extraction combined with either ion exchange chromatography [Elsbach, J. Biol. Chem., 254:11000 (1979)] or E. coli affinity chromatography [Weiss, et al., Blood, 69:652 (1987)]. BPI obtained in such a manner is referred to herein as natural BPI and has been shown to have potent bactericidal activity against a broad spectrum of gram-negative bacteria. The molecular weight of human BPI is approximately 55,000 daltons (55 kD). The amino acid sequence of the entire human BPI protein and the nucleic acid sequence of DNA encoding the protein have been reported in FIG. 1 of Gray et al., J. Biol. Chem., 264:9505 (1989), incorporated herein by reference. The Gray et al. amino acid sequence is set out in SEQ ID NO: 1 hereto. U.S. Pat. No. 5,198,541, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses recombinant genes encoding, and methods for expression of, BPI proteins including recombinant BPI holoprotein, referred to as rBPI, and recombinant fragments of BPI.
A proteolytic N-tenninal fragment of BPI having a molecular weight of about 25 kD has an amphipathic character, containing alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. This N-terminal fragment of human BPI possesses the anti-bacterial activity of the naturally-derived 55 kD human BPI holoprotein. [Ooi et al., J. Bio. Chem., 262: 14891-14894 (1987)]. In contrast to the N-terminal portion, the C-terminal region of the isolated human BPI protein displays only slightly detectable anti-bacterial activity against gram-negative organisms. [Ooi et al., J. Exp. Med., 174:649 (1991).] An N-terminal BPI fragment of approximately 23 kD, referred to as xe2x80x9crBPI23,xe2x80x9d has been produced by recombinant means and also retains anti-bacterial activity against gram-negative organisms. [Gazzano-Santoro et al., Infect. Immun. 60:4754-4761 (1992).] An N-terminal analog of BPI, rBPI21, has been produced as described in Horwitz et al., Protein Expression Purification, 8:28-40 (1996).
The bactericidal effect of BPI has been reported to be highly specific to gram-negative species, e.g., in Elsbach and Weiss, Inflammation: Basic Principles and Clinical Correlates, eds. Gallin et al., Chapter 30, Raven Press, Ltd. (1992). This reported target cell specificity was believed to be the result of the strong attraction of BPI for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is unique to the outer membrane (or envelope) of gram-negative organisms. Although BPI was commonly thought to be non-toxic for other microorganisms, including yeast, and for higher eukaryotic cells, it has recently been discovered, as discussed infra, that BPI protein products, exhibit activity against gram-positive bacteria, mycoplasma, mycobacteria, fungi, protozoa, and chlamydia.
The precise mechanism by which BPI kills gram-negative bacteria is not yet completely elucidated, but it is believed that BPI must first bind to the surface of the bacteria through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between the cationic BPI protein and negatively charged sites on LPS. LPS has been referred to as xe2x80x9cendotoxinxe2x80x9d because of the potent inflammatory response that it stimulates, i.e., the release of mediators by host inflammatory cells which may ultimately result in irreversible endotoxic shock. BPI binds to lipid A, reported to be the most toxic and most biologically active component of LPS.
In susceptible gram-negative bacteria, BPI binding is thought to disrupt LPS structure, leading to activation of bacterial enzymes that degrade phospholipids and peptidoglycans, altering the permeability of the cell""s outer membrane, and initiating events that ultimately lead to cell death. [Elsbach and Weiss (1992), supra]. BPI is thought to act in two stages. The first is a sublethal stage that is characterized by immediate growth arrest, permeabilization of the outer membrane and selective activation of bacterial enzymes that hydrolyze phospholipids and peptidoglycans. Bacteria at this stage can be rescued by growth in serum albumin supplemented media [Mannion et al., J. Clin. Invest., 5:853-860 (1990)]. The second stage, defined by growth inhibition that cannot be reversed by serum albumin, occurs after prolonged exposure of the bacteria to BPI and is characterized by extensive physiologic and structural changes, including apparent damage to the inner cytoplasmic membrane.
Initial binding of BPI to LPS leads to organizational changes that probably result from binding to the anionic groups of LPS, which normally stabilize the outer membrane through binding of Mg++and Ca++. Attachment of BPI to the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria produces rapid permeabilization of the outer membrane to hydrophobic agents such as actinomycin D. Binding of BPI and subsequent gram-negative bacterial killing depends, at least in part, upon the LPS polysaccharide chain length, with long O-chain bearing, xe2x80x9csmoothxe2x80x9d organisms being more resistant to BPI bactericidal effects than short O-chain bearing, xe2x80x9croughxe2x80x9d organisms [Weiss et al., J. Clin. Invest. 65: 619-628 (1980)]. This first stage of BPI action, permeabilization of the gram-negative outer envelope, is reversible upon dissociation of the BPI, a process requiring high concentrations of divalent cations and synthesis of new LPS [Weiss et al., J. Immunol. 132: 3109-3115 (1984)]. Loss of gram-negative bacterial viability, however, is not reversed by processes which restore the envelope integrity, suggesting that the bactericidal action is mediated by additional lesions induced in the target organism and which may be situated at the cytoplasmic membrane (Mannion et a., J. Invest. 86: 631-641 (1990)). Specific investigation of this possibility has shown that on a molar basis BPI is at least as inhibitory of cytoplasmic membrane vesicle function as polymyxin B (In""t Veld et al., Infection and Immunity56: 1203-1208 (1988)) but the exact mechanism as well as the relevance of such vesicles to studies of intact organisms has not yet been elucidated.
BPI protein products (which include naturally and recombinantly produced BPI protein; natural, synthetic, and recombinant biologically active polypeptide fragments of BPI protein; biologically active polypeptide variants of BPI protein or fragments thereof, including hybrid fusion proteins and dimers; biologically active polypeptide analogs of BPI protein or fragments or variants thereof, including cysteine-substituted analogs; and BPI-derived peptides) have been demonstrated to have a variety of beneficial activities. BPI protein products are known to be bactericidal for gram-negative bacteria, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,198,541 and 5,523,288, both of which are incorporated herein by reference. BPI protein products are also known to enhance the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in gram-negative bacterial infections, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,523,288 and corresponding International Publication No. WO 95/08344 (PCT/US94/11225), which are incorporated herein by reference. BPI protein products are also known to be bactericidal for gram-positive bacteria and mycoplasma, and to enhance the effectiveness of antibiotics in gram-positive bacterial infections, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,578,572 and corresponding International Publication No. WO 95/19180 (PCT/US95/00656), which are incorporated herein by reference. BPI protein products are further known to exhibit anti-fungal activity, and to enhance the activity of other anti-fungal agents, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,627,153 and corresponding International Publication No. WO 95/19179 (PCT/US95/00498), and further as described for anti-fungal peptides in co-owned, co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 08/621,259 filed Mar. 21, 1996, which is in turn a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/504,841 filed Jul. 20, 1994 and corresponding International Publication Nos. WO 96/08509 (PCT/US95/09262) and WO 97/04008 (PCT/US96/03845), all of which are incorporated herein by reference. BPI protein products are further known to exhibit anti-protozoan activity, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,646,114 and corresponding International Publication No. WO 96/01647 (PCT/US95/08624), all of which are incorporated herein by reference. BPI protein products are known to exhibit anti-chlamydial activity, as described in co-owned, co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 08/694,843 filed Aug. 9, 1996 and corresponding International Publication No. WO 98/06415 (PCT/US97/13810), all of which are incorporated herein by reference. Finally, BPI protein products are known to exhibit anti-mycobacterial activity, as described in co-owned, co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 08/626,646 filed Apr. 1, 1996, which is in turn a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/285,803 filed Aug. 14, 1994, which is in turn a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/031,145 filed Mar. 12, 1993 and corresponding International Publication No. W094/20129 (PCT/US94/02463), all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The effects of BPI protein products in humans with endotoxin in circulation, including effects on TNF, IL-6 and endotoxin are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,643,875 and 5,753,620 and corresponding International Publication No. WO 95/19784 (PCT/US95/01151), all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BPI protein products are also known to be useful for treatment of specific disease conditions, such as meningococcemia in humans (as described in co-owned, co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 08/644,287 filed May 10, 1996 and corresponding International Publication No. WO 97/42966 (PCT/US97/08016), which are incorporated herein by reference), hemorrhagic trauma in humans, (as described in co-owned, co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 08/862,785, a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 08/652,292 filed May 23, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,756,464, and corresponding International Publication No. WO 97/44056 (PCT/US97/08941), all of which are incorporated herein by reference), burn injury (as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,494,896 and corresponding International Publication No. WO 96/30037 (PCT/US96/02349), both of which are incorporated herein by reference), ischemia/reperfusion injury (as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,578,568, incorporated herein by reference), and liver resection (as described in co-owned, co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 08/582,230 filed Mar. 16, 1998 which is a continued prosecution application of the same serial no. filed Jan. 3, 1996, which is in turn a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/318,357 filed Oct. 5, 1994, which is in turn a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/132,510 filed Oct. 5, 1993, and corresponding International Publication No. WO 95/10297 (PCT/US94/11404), all of which are incorporated herein by reference).
BPI protein products are also known to neutralize the anti-coagulant activity of exogenous heparin, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,348,942, incorporated herein by reference, as well as to be useful for treating chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid and reactive arthritis, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,639,727, incorporated herein by reference, and for inhibiting angiogenesis and for treating angiogenesis-associated disorders including malignant tumors, ocular retinopathy and endometriosis, as described in co-owned, co-pending U.S. application Ser. Nos. 08/435,855, 08/466,624 and 08/466,826, and corresponding International Publication No. WO 94/20128 (PCT/US94/02401), all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BPI protein products are also known for use in antithrombotic methods, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,741,779 and corresponding International Publication No. W097/42967 (PCT/US97/08017), which are incorporated herein by reference.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,420,019 and 5,674,834 and corresponding International Publication No. W094/18323 (PCT/US94/01235), all of which are incorporated herein by reference, discloses that the replacement of the cysteine residue at amino acid position 132 or 135 with another amino acid renders the resulting BPI polypeptide resistant to dimerization and cysteine adduct formation. It also discloses that terminating the N-terminal BPI fragment at BPI amino acid position 193 resulted in an expression product with reduced carboxy-terminal heterogeneity.
Of interest is the report in Capodici and Weiss, J. Immunol., 156:4789-4796 (1996) that the in vitro transcription/translation products of DNA encoding amino acid residues 1 through 193 (BPI1-193) and residues 13 through 193 (BPI13-193) of mature BPI showed similar LPS-dependent binding to immobilized LPS.
There continues to be a need in the art for improved biologically active BPI protein product preparations, particularly those with enhanced stability, homogeneity and/or in vivo biological activity.
The present invention provides novel biologically active BPI deletion analogs and preparations thereof characterized by enhanced stability and homogeneity, including for example, resistance to dimerization and cysteine adduct formation and reduced amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal heterogeneity of the recombinant product, as well as by enhanced in vivo biological activity, properties which render it highly suitable for therapeutic and diagnostic uses. Novel BPI deletion analogs are the expression product of DNA encoding amino acid residues 10 through 193 of mature human BPI (SEQ ID NO: 2), in which the cysteine at position 132 has been replaced with a different amino acid, preferably a non-polar amino acid such as serine or alanine. In a preferred embodiment, designated xe2x80x9crBPI(10-193)C132Axe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9crBPI(10-193)ala132,xe2x80x9d the cysteine at position 132 is replaced with an alanine.
The invention further provides novel purified and isolated polynucleotide sequences (e.g., DNA or RNA) encoding these BPI protein products; materials and methods for their recombinant production, including vectors and host cells comprising the DNA; improved stable pharmaceutical compositions comprising these BPI protein products; and improved treatment methods using these compositions, either alone or concurrently administered with other therapeutic agents. Also contemplated is the use of the BPI deletion analogs of the invention in manufacture of a medicament for treating a subject that would benefit from administration of BPI protein product.
Numerous additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon considering the following detailed description of the invention, which describes the presently preferred embodiments thereof.

Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) deletion analogs


A method and apparatus for monitoring battery life in a human input device powered by replaceable batteries includes repeatedly measuring battery charge by use of a measuring arrangement forming part of the input device. Battery charge is measured while the input device is in a relatively inactive condition and when it is in an active condition, and a time value is associated with each battery charge measurement. A usage model may be constructed based on the battery charge measurements, and calculation of an expected battery life may be based at least in part on the usage model.

The present invention relates generally to methods and apparatus for monitoring battery life in a human input device to a processing system, such as a computer; and more specifically relates to improved methods and apparatus for measuring battery charge levels and calculating expected life of input device batteries.
Wireless human input devices, such as a wireless mouse, keyboard, microphone, trackball, or the like are typically powered by removable and replaceable batteries having a standardized shape and/or dimensions, but having any one of a plurality of chemistries and other characteristics. Accurate assessment of the expected life of batteries in such devices is problematic.

Method and apparatus for monitoring battery life


In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a page miss handler to receive a full address including a linear address portion having a linear address and a key identifier portion having a key identifier for a key. The page miss handler may insert an entry including this key identifier in a translation storage. The apparatus further may include a remapping table having a plurality of entries each to store information regarding a key identifier. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

In some computing systems, information stored in memory is protected by encryption. Some such systems, particularly for cloud-based usages, provide cryptographic memory integrity by way of Multi-Key Total Memory Encryption (MKTME). These and other key-based encryption technologies have a fundamental scaling problem. Specifically, MKTME uses bits of a physical address to select cryptographic keys, and page table entries include key identifiers (KeyIDs) to identify the keys.
Typical page table entries are 64 bits, providing just enough space to encode a 64 bit physical address as a 52 bit memory page address. That only leaves 12 bits for page table permissions, memory types, present, accessed/dirty, etc., with remaining page table entry bits used by software. As such, current implementations cannot specify KeyIDs in page table entries without limiting the addressable memory space. One solution is to increase the page table entry size, but this comes at a high price, changing fundamental system software/paging kernels, among other performance and efficiency issues. Further while the physical address space issue can be mitigated non-architecturally (not exposed to software), by simply adding more physical address bits to caches and buses, or by introducing additional cached metadata, the page table encodings are architectural and exposed to software.

System, apparatus and method for providing key identifier information in a non-canonical address space


A slide-wire assembly has a first and a second separately movable contact arranged to engage a semicircular wire-wound resistance element or slide-wire. Clam shell halves of a molded case enclosing the slide-wire assembly are arranged to support the resistance element and a motor drive for one of the slide-wire contacts. The first slide-wire contact is supported on a separately movable element coaxial with a motor drive output shaft but restrained from movement therewith while providing a respective contact adjustment capability. A flexible coupling between the motor output shaft and the driven slide-wire contact enables the molded case to align the contact to apply a contact pressure in a first direction to the second slide-wire contact. Concurrently, molded ears on the concentric support for the first slide-wire contact cooperate with an adjacent inside surface of the clam shell case to provide a pressure on the second slide-wire contact in a second direction to maintain its engagement with the slide wire element.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to electrical transducers. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a slide wire assembly.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A slide-wire assembly which function as a rheostat or voltage divider to vary an electrical resistance or to provide a variable output signal from a resistance element, i.e., slide-wire, contacted by a slide-wire brush or sliding contact have been used to provide electrical measurements of mechanical displacement, e.g., the slide-wire transducer shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,866,877. Such measuring, or transducer, slide-wire elements have been actuated or driven by a measuring network which includes a motor drive for the slide-wire brush to rebalance the slide-wire while concurrently driving a recording pen for recording the reblance operation, e.g,, the measuring and recording system shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,792,542. In order to provide accurate performance under widely varying adverse physical conditions there is a need for a slide-wire assembly which is capable of operating with precision under vigorous environmental conditions while still affording an economical structure capable of being produced by an assembly line manufacturing process at a low cost whereby a device such as a recorder incorporating such a slide-wire assembly may also have an ultimate low cost. The slide-wire assembly, therefore, must be compact and use a minimum number of parts, require a minimum of space while at the same time functioning with the required degree of precision that is normally encountered in typical slide-wire service. Such conditions include temperature variations, mechanical shocks, high frequency vibrations and other deleterious conditions. In order to attain the degree of precision required, the contact or brush which slides over a wire wound resistor of the slide-wire assembly must maintain continuous contact therewith a substantially uniform contact pressure to have a uniform and predictable variation in the output of the slide-wire assembly. Further, the assembly and adjustment of such a slide-wire assembly must be simple and require a minimum of parts in order to maintain the aforesaid low cost product characteristic. Additionally, inasmuch as the usual application for such a slide-wire assembly includes the need for a separately adjustable set-point potentiometer or rheostat, a greater saving in the product cost can be effected if the set-point slide-wire is incorporated in the same assembly with the aforesaid measuring slide-wire. Such a combined assembly must exhibit the same performance characteristics and manufacturing economies discussed above in order to produce a lost cost and acceptable ultimate product, e.g., a recorder.


The present invention relates to a battery management apparatus of a high voltage battery for a hybrid vehicle, in more detail, a battery management apparatus of a high voltage battery for a hybrid vehicle which includes: a plurality of battery packs including a plurality of unit cells; slave battery management modules measuring and monitoring temperature and voltage of the unit cells in the battery packs; temperature/voltage measurement wires connecting the unit cells with adjacent unit cells for the slave battery management modules to measure temperature and voltage between the unit cells and the adjacent unit cells; a master battery management module connected with the slave battery management modules; and communication wires connecting the modules.

Vehicles equipped with an internal combustion engine generally using gasoline or heavy oil as fuel have a serious influence on environmental pollution and air pollution. Therefore, a great of effort has been made to develop electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles in recent years to reduce the air pollution.
Recently, high-output rechargeable batteries using non-aqueous electrolyte with high energy concentration have been developed. The high-output rechargeable battery are connected in series to implement a large-capacity rechargeable battery, in order to be used in apparatuses requiring a large amount of power for operating a motor, such as the electric vehicles.
As described above, one large-capacity rechargeable battery (hereafter, referred to as battery") is commonly composed of a plurality of rechargeable batteries connected in series. In the battery, particularly a battery for HEVs, several or tens of rechargeable batteries are alternately charged and discharged, such that it is required to manage the batteries such that they maintain appropriate operation by controlling the charging and discharging.
For this configuration, a BMS (Battery Management System) that manages the general states of the battery is provided. The BMS estimates SOC by detecting voltage, current, and temperature etc. of the battery and performing calculation, and controls the SOC to make the fuel efficiency of vehicles best.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a battery management system according to the related art.
As shown in FIG. 1, the existing management system includes a battery pack formed by laminating battery unit cell in a line, a battery management system is disposed apart from the battery pack, and each unit cell of the battery pack is connected with the battery management system. Therefore, each of n unit cells are connected by two wires, such that information on the n unit cells is sensed and the operation is controlled. In this configuration, the battery cells should be connected to one battery management system such that the battery management systems senses voltage and temperature of the unit cells; therefore, the wire harness become necessarily complicated.
Therefore, the length of the wires connecting the battery management system with the battery pack increases, such that the cost increases and a large volume is required. Further, since the battery management system is disposed apart from the unit cells, spaces for them should be ensured.
Further, the lengths of the wires from the unit cells to the battery management system are different for each wire, such that it is difficult to expect accurate sensing because voltage drops due to wire resistance are different.
Further, it is required to redesign the battery pack case protecting the unit cells, the wires for sensing cell voltage, connectors that connect the wires with the slave battery management modules, and the cell voltage and temperature sensing circuit, in order to change the number of unit cells due to change of voltage of the battery pack.

Battery management apparatus of high voltage battery for hybrid vehicle


Technologies are described herein for providing contextually-aware location sharing services for computing devices. In some configurations, the techniques disclosed herein can involve a number of computing devices configured to select and utilize location data from one or more resources based on one or more factors. An analysis of contextual data including, but not limited to, the capabilities of the individual devices, a status of one or more components, or the availability or cost of data, allows individual devices to dynamically select and utilize location data or a source of location data to accommodate a range of scenarios. Techniques disclosed herein can also detect the presence of a changed scenario and take one or more actions based, at least in part, on data defining the changed scenario.

Computer-aided map navigation tools have achieved widespread acceptance. For example, global positioning system ("GPS") devices have provided rudimentary road navigation for years. More recently, map navigation software for cellular telephones and other mobile computing devices have been developed. Although such existing systems can provide location information for some computing devices, such systems can use a significant amount of power with adverse effects on, among other resources, battery life.
It is with respect to these and other considerations that the disclosure made herein is presented.

Contextually-aware location sharing services


A nonlinear amplitude detector generates signal amplitude from the signal's inphase and quadrature components based on a Binomial series expansion. The amplitude detector significantly reduces the processing requirement from an ideal square root operation and yet provides much improved error performance over a conventionally used linear amplitude detector. In operation, the inphase and quadrature signal components are compared for relative magnitude and the smaller magnitude signal component is squared and divided by the large magnitude signal component. The quotient from this operation is multiplied by a coefficient that is selected to provide desired amplitude error deviation characteristics. Signal amplitude is then determined by summing this product with the larger magnitude signal component.

This invention relates to radars and other systems employing electronic signal processing and in particular to means for determining signal amplitude from the inphase and quadrature signal components utilized in such systems.
An amplitude detection is usually required in the radar and sonar signal processing to recover the signal amplitude from its inphase (I) and quadrature (Q) components. Theoretically, the signal amplitude may be obtained by forming the square root of the sum of the squares of the I & Q components. To circumvent the square root operation which demands an extraordinary amount of processing hardware, the amplitude is conventionally approximated by a linear detector. In a linear amplitude detector, the magnitude of the I and Q components are first compared to determine which one is larger. The larger magnitude is then summed with a fraction of the smaller magnitude to obtain an estimate of the signal amplitude. This approach is described in detail by G. H. Robertson, A Fast Amplitude Approximation for Quadrature Pairs, Bell System Technical Journal Vol. 50, pp 2849-2853, October, 1971 and by Morio Onoe, Fast Amplitude Approximation Yielding Either Exact Mean or Minimum Deviation for Quadrature Pairs, proceedings of the IEEE, July 1972. A fraction value of 0.5 is used in the Robertson Technique and other fraction values have been considered by Onoe.
Despite its simplicity in implementation, however, the linear detectors are beset with large estimation errors. For instance, the Robertson approach yields an error of 8.7 percent in the estimation of mean and a maximum deviation of 11.8 percent.
Accordingly there currently exists the need for an amplitude detector that can be implemented with substantial savings in digital processing hardware over square root operations and that also provides improved error performance over linear detectors. The present invention is directed toward satisfying that need.

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Air Force


Provided are a network access system and method. The system comprises a control plane node which is connected with a UE via a radio interface, connected with an MME via an S1 interface, and configured to process control plane data; and a user plane node, connected with the UE via a radio interface, connected with an SGW via an Ss interface, and configured to process user plane data. It is solved the problem in the related art that a core network is impacted because of frequent information interaction among nodes due to the fact that a user switches among cells, and then achieves the effects of reducing the information interaction among the nodes and reducing the impact on a core network signalling.

FIG. 1 is an overall architecture diagram of a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system in the related art, as shown in FIG. 1, and the architecture comprises a Mobility Management Entity (MME) and a Serving GetWay (SGW). A UU interface is between User Equipment (UE) (or called a terminal) and a eNodeB (eNB), an S1-MME interface is between the eNB and the MME, an S1-U interface is between the eNB and the SGW, and an X2 interface is between the eNBs. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a protocol architecture of a control plane and a user plane among the UE and the eNB and a core network (MME and SGW), at the left side of FIG. 2, interfaces between the UE and the eNB in the LTE are divided into the following several protocol layers from bottom to top: a Physical (PHY) layer, a Media Access Control (MAC) layer, a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer and a Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer. At the right side of FIG. 2, the user plane protocol stack of the interface between the UE and the eNB in the LTE are divided into the following several protocol layers from bottom to top: the PHY, the MAC, the RLC and the PDCP. The PHY layer transmits information to the MAC or a higher layer mainly by a transmission channel; the MAC layer provides data transmission and is responsible for radio resource allocation mainly by a logical channel, so as to complete functions such as Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), Scheduling (SCH) and priority processing and Multiplexing (MUX) and De-multiplexing; the RLC layer mainly provides services for sectioning and retransmitting user plane data and control plane data; the PDCP layer is mainly provided for transmitting the user plane data to the RRC layer or an upper layer of the user plane, and the RRC layer mainly completes at least one of the following operations: Broadcast, Paging, wireless resource control connection management, radio bearer control, mobile function and terminal measurement reporting and control.
In order to provide a higher rate data for a mobile subscriber, a Carrier Aggregation (CA) technique is proposed in the Long Term Evolution Advance (LTE-A) system, of which the purpose is to provide a larger broadband for UE with a corresponding capacity so as to improve the peak rate of the UE. In the LTE, the maximum downlink transmission bandwidth supported by the system is 20 MHz, after entering a connected state, the UE may communicate with a network side through a cell. The carrier aggregation technique is a technique in which two or more Component Carriers (CC) are aggregated to support a transmission bandwidth which is larger than 20 MHz and is not larger than 100 MHz. Through the carrier aggregation technique, the UE with a corresponding capacity may receive and send dada on a plurality of cells under the same base station at the same time. The differences of the interface protocol stack between the UE and the base station is mainly reflected on the MAC layer and PHY layer. The PHY layer is specialized for the CC, which is different from the MAC layer, in the MAC layer, the HARQ is specialized for the CC, and the scheduling, the priority processing and multiplexing and de-multiplexing are public for the CC.
Due to lack of spectrum resources and the sharp increase of mass flow service of mobile subscribers, the requirement of using a high frequency point, such as 3.5 GHz, for hot-point covering is increasingly obvious. A node with low power becomes a new application scenario, so as to increase the user throughput and enhance the mobile performance. However, because a signal with a high frequency point attenuates strongly, the coverage area of a new cell is relatively small, moreover, the new cell does not share the same station with the existing cell, when a user moves among these new cells or moves between the new cell and the existing cell, it will certainly lead to a frequent switching process, so that user information is frequently transferred among base stations, thus leading to a great signalling impact to the core network.


The present invention deals with a plurality of transceivers which are programmable. The plurality of transceivers functions to permit, for example, a hearing impaired individual or a visually impaired individual to receive communications which indicate the source of the communication through the programming of one or more of the transceivers.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to devices which aid differently abled individuals such as those that are hearing-impaired or visually impaired to receive communications.
2. Description of the Art Practices
U.S. Pat. No. 6,359,550 to Brisebois, et al. Mar. 19, 2002 discusses an array of stimulators associated with a personal communications device for providing the user with tactile messaging respecting call processing or call network status. The array is positioned on the device so as to be in contact with the user while the terminal is carried or worn, on a wrist, for example. The stimulators of the array are activated independently so as to provide the user with an encoded message of call processes such as alerting, dial tone, busy signal, etc. Preferably each status is associated with one of a set of unique patterns of operation of the stimulators recognizable by the user as tactile image or pattern of operation, rather than necessitating tactile sensation of individual sequences of each stimulator. Advantageously audio and haptic signaling is synchronized to provide a tactile warning to alert user to impending audio signal, and thereby allow a lower level, i.e. quieter, audio signal to be used, because the user is primed by the tactile signal to expect the audio signaling. Thus the audio threshold for effective signaling is reduced and obtrusiveness of audio signaling in public places may be reduced when used in combination with tactile messaging.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,236,319 issued May 22, 2001 to Pitzer, et al. describes a body worn transmitter periodically transmits a coded RF signal from a rolling code generator, which is received by a base unit at the location where a person is confined, which base unit has a rolling code generator synchronized to produce the same random code signal for comparison. If proper coded signals are not received, a report is sent via telephone to a remote monitoring station. The body worn transmitter is designed to detect and defeat attempts at removal. The body worn transmitter is also used to detect the presence of a person at a particular location. By programming the time of RF transmissions, a large number of body worn transmitters can be monitored at a given location.
Kanor, et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 6,384,728 issued May 7, 2002 relates to a personal care monitoring system having at least one condition detecting sensor and a corresponding condition indicator. The condition detecting sensor may indicate detection of wetness, such as caused by enuresis. Alternatively, or additionally, the condition detecting sensor may indicate that the physical position of the wearer of the device has not been adjusted for over a predetermined amount of time after which the likelihood of the development of bedsores increases. The indicator may be any desired type of indicator, preferably alerting one of the senses that the monitored condition has been detected. For instance, the indicator may be a light, an audible alarm, or a vibrating device. A processing means preferably is provided to control operation of the various components of the monitoring system. Moreover, the processing means may be programmed to store information pertaining to the operation of the components of the monitoring system. For example, the time at which a condition has been detected as well as the time at which a care giver has attended to the condition may be recorded. Such information may be retrieved to determine the frequency of care given to the wearer of the monitoring system as well as the amount of time elapsed between occurrence of the monitored condition and attendance to such condition by the care giver.
Powell in U.S. Pat. No. 6,118,979 issued Sep. 12, 2000 suggests a method of communicating an incoming call through a telephone receiver having an incoming call circuit and an audible signal system operatively connected to the circuit. The incoming call is communicated to a person remotely located from the receiver. The method comprises disconnecting the audible signal system, and placing on the person a pager having a receiver circuit capable of sensing the existence of an incoming call destined for the incoming call circuit of the telephone receiver. The pager having a silent announcer thereon operatively connected to the receiver circuit of the pager. Thus, the presence of an incoming call can be transmitted to the receiver circuit of the pager to actuate the vibrator without actuating the audible signal system of the telephone receiver.
French-St. George, et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 6,463,131 Oct. 8, 2002 relates to a system and method for providing multisensory signaling capabilities enables a user to manage the receipt of incoming communication events, after an initial notification sequence, using multiple media options. Specifically, a remote device notifies a user of incoming communication events and offers real-time coupling of the notifications with communication management options. The message is delivered or otherwise processed according to the option selected.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,424,251 which issued to Byrne Jul. 23, 2002 describes systems and methods for alerting users of personal electronic devices. In a first aspect these systems and methods alert a user to the occurrence of an event in one or more of the devices by receiving a wireless transmission from the device(s) and then by providing an acoustic, optical, electrical, or mechanical stimulus to the user. In a second aspect these systems and methods may also provide a quiet mode control mechanism through which personal electronic devices are automatically put into a low volume or silent alert operation mode so as not to disturb persons in the vicinity of the devices. This control mechanism may use a wireless transmitter to transmit a signal to any personal electronic device within a given area.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,377,823 issued to Higuchi, et al. Apr. 23, 2002 suggests a cellular mobile telephone apparatus including a main body, and an alarm device which is provided separately from the main body, the main body including: receiving/transmitting unit for receiving and transmitting radio frequency signals between a base station; modulating/demodulating unit for modulating and demodulating between the radio frequency signals, and a conversation signal and a control signal; telephone receiver unit for reproducing audible conversation voice in response to the demodulated conversation signal from the modulating/demodulating unit; telephone transmitting unit for converting conversation voice into the conversation signal; a controller for controlling operation of the main body of the cellular mobile telephone apparatus in accordance with the control signal; and an alarm device for providing an alarm signal which includes an identification information and is transmitted through the radio frequency, when a call is terminated at the main body; and the alarm device including: receiving unit for receiving the alarm signal of radio frequency; a discriminatory for discriminating the alarm signal assigned to itself from others by the identification information included therein; and an alarm unit for alarming call termination in response to the identification by the discriminator.
Adler in U.S. Pat. No. 6,424,252 issued Jul. 23, 2002 relates to a paging system for washers and dryers including a transmitter adapted for coupling with a washer and dryer. The transmitter can detect an end of a cycle of the washer and dryer. The transmitter includes a plurality of function buttons. A receiver is provided that is adapted for being worn by the person. The receiver is in communication with the transmitter whereupon the transmitter detecting the end of the cycle, the receiver will be sent a signal. The receiver includes an alarm that is activated upon receiving the signal. The receiver includes a plurality of function buttons.
Burnette in U.S. Pat. No. 6,299,345 Oct. 9, 2001 describes providing a chess player with a pager so that the chess player can leave the chess board and still be notified when it is time for the chess player to make his move. A conventional chess timer has a switch to indicate when an opponent has made a move. The device of Burnette is stated to activate a radio frequency transmitter by the switch to send a signal to a pager tuned to receive the signal sent by the transmitter. When the pager receives the radio frequency signal, the receiver generates a vibration and/or turns on a light, and/or less preferably generates a sound whereby a player can be notified at a remote location that an opponent has made his move.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,150,927 issued to Nesbitt Nov. 21, 2000 discusses an anti-vandalism detection and alarm system is disclosed for detecting and reporting the scratching of relatively hard materials such as glass and plastic which generate characteristic sound or vibration frequencies during scratching, and for detecting and reporting the cutting and slashing of relatively soft materials such as fabric, leather and plastic.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,064,309 dated May 16, 2000 and issued Sellers, et al. describes a swimming pool drowning prevention safety system. The swimming pool drowning prevention safety system comprises: an article wearable by a person, a radio frequency transmitting device coupled to the article for transmitting a radio frequency signal, a microprocessor controlled radio frequency receiving station for receiving the radio frequency signal from the radio frequency transmitting device when the radio frequency transmitting device is within a user adjustable radio reception range of the radio frequency receiving station, and an alert signaling device coupled to the radio frequency receiving station for signaling when the person wearing the article has come within the user adjustable radio reception range of the radio frequency receiving station. The swimming pool drowning prevention safety system is further comprised of an adjustable gain control for varying the RF sensitivity of the radio frequency receiving station, and an RF sensitivity trigger circuit coupled to an audio messaging system for broadcasting at least one selected alert message. The swimming pool drowning prevention safety system further comprises telephone circuitry connection equipment for automatically connecting to a telephone system and transmitting the selected alert message. The swimming pool drowning prevention safety system further comprises a microprocessor that controls and integrates operation of the radio frequency receiving station.
To the extent that the foregoing patents are relevant to the present invention they are herein incorporated by reference.


An apparatus for pulling or extracting ts brush, plants and the like. The apparatus has a frame for attachment to the standard three-point hitch mechanism of a tractor and a puller assembly pivotally attached at an elevated end to the frame. The apparatus and method uses the leverage principle to extract plants while the tractor is driven forward. The apparatus has a back member, a foot portion including toe and heel sections, a movable jaw, a sharpened engagement plate, plant guide tangs, and meshing fingers. The apparatus and method imparts both vertical and horizontal forces to the plant during the extraction process.

This invention relates to an agricultural implement and method, more particualrly to an attachment for tractors and the like for mechanically pulling woody plants having extensive root systems from the ground, and even more specifically for extraction of the extended tap root of the Huisache and other plants.
Improved pastureland may become heavily invaded by the woody, throny, Huisache and Mesquite plants which grow generally vertically with a long tap root extending into the ground. The Huisache and Mesquite create not only problems for grazing animals, but also rob the soil of precious moisture necessary for the proper growth of pastureland grasses. Further, the Huisache is thickly branched and often shades out the grass. All of these problems are amplified in regions where there is minimal rainfall or where drought conditions exist.
There have been a number of methods and apparatuses utilized to remove or eliminate the Huisache and Mesquite plants, all of which are costly either in terms of money, labor, or environmental impact. One current method of removal employs the use of a D-8 caterpillar tractor with a root plow. The plow digs into the ground and severs the tap root beneath ground level, the plow continues to disturb the soil and the plant is turned over. A root rake then is employed to rake and stack the plants for subsequent burning. The technique is costly monetarily and results in excessive damage to the grass turf.
Another technique used is hand or mechanical grubbing. A grubbing hoe or small grubbing plow is used to cut the tap root below the ground and may be only effectively used when the plants are small and the soil is sufficiently moist. Unfortunately, the tap root is usually not fully extracted and the plant later reemerges thicker and more troublesome. The hand grubbing technique is incredibly time and labor intensive and must be done when the plants are small. Mechanical grubbing greatly disturbs the soil, and, like hand grubbing, leaves root remnants to re-emerge. Oftentimes acreage is heavily infested with the Huisache plant at the time it is converted to pastureland, making the hand grubbing technique unacceptable.
Yet another method which is gaining popularity is the use of herbicides. This technique has the disadvantages of being monetarily costly and environmentally unsatisfactory.
While many brush and tree pullers have been developed, none has been as suitable as the present invention for use in extracting the Huisache and Mesquite plants. U.S. Pat. No. 2,505,923 discloses a tree or brush puller with gripping jaws which are engagable around a tree trunk. The tractor is driven forward and a horizontal pulling force is applied to the tree. With the Huisache plant use of the puller of U.S. Pat. No. 2,505,923 is not effective because there is no initial vertical lift on the plant to initiate the dislodgement of the long tap root found in the Huisache plant. Further, the jaws of the '923 device generally apply clamping forces to the sides of the tree, or in a direction perpendicular to the movement of the pulling tractor. This arrangement of forces results in considerable slippage of the jaws upwardly along the sides of the tree during removal.
Another tree or bush pulling apparatus is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,057,599. With such an apparatus the to be removed tree is grasped by gripping jaws and a hydraulic cylinder is actuated to cause linkages to lift the tree vertically. The arms of the apparatus of U.S. Pat. No. 3,057,599 are pivotally attached to the lower frame of the tractor and the hydraulic cylinder must exert sufficient force to lift the tree creating an opposing force tending to lift the front end of the tractor.
Many other pullers are known but they are much more complicated, costly to build, and require excessive maintenance. Examples of such pullers may be seen in the following U.S. Pat. Nos.: 2,535,099; 2,535,054; 3,427,640; 3,208,726; 3,311,350; 4,706,935; 3,823,916; 3,958,613; 2,436,510; 4,067,369; and 3,802,663. Despite the existence of these devices and such efforts aimed at extraction of trees and brush, the problems of removing the Huisache and Mesquite plants have continued to plague farmers and ranchers.
The present invention offers an inexpensive and easy-to-use solution to this long-standing problem.

Apparatus for extracting brush with a tractor


A method and apparatus for binding a plurality of folded sheets together by assembling the folded sheets with their fold lines in registration, clamping the assembled sheets together at the registered fold lines thereof, applying adhesive to the fold lines, and controlling the penetration of the adhesive into the areas between the clamped together registered folded edges. This permits controlling of the opening of the individual folded sheet units as well as the sheets of adjacent folded sheet units.

In the past, Applicant has developed sheet binding systems wherein folded sheets are bound together along the fold line by means of exposed pre-applied adhesive. Applicant has received two patents covering certain aspects of this concept, to wit U.S. Pat. No. 4,525,116, issued Jun. 25, 1985 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,975,011, isssued Dec. 4, 1990. One of these systems (U.S. Pat. No. 4,525,116) discloses a system for attaching a plurality of folded sheet units along the fold lines by means of a pre-applied ribbon of heat responsive adhesive and the other system (U.S. Pat. No. 4,975,011) attaching the folded sheets along the fold line by means of a solvent activated adhesive pre-applied along the fold line thereof.
In both of these prior systems, a ribbon of adhesive is pre-applied to a double sheet unit which is then folded to bisect the ribbon of adhesive and expose the same along the marginal edge portion of the fold line. This folded sheet unit forms a pair of adjacent sheets which are then connected to other similarly folded assembled sheet units by activating the exposed pre-applied adhesive, either by means of heat or by means of a solvent.


Workflow test case generation may include receiving an intermediate output of a workflow. The intermediate output of the workflow may reference a plurality of workflow building blocks that provide a specified functionality at each step of the workflow. Workflow definitions of the intermediate output of the workflow may be analyzed to generate a graph structure that represents the workflow. Building block attributes that include an identification of attributes for the plurality of workflow building blocks, and the graph structure may be analyzed to generate building block and attribute information for the workflow. The building block and attribute information and the graph structure may be analyzed to generate test paths for the workflow. The building block and attribute information, the test paths, and a plurality of test case templates may be analyzed to generate test artifacts that include testing to be performed for the workflow.

A workflow may include a plurality of steps needed to complete a task. For example, a workflow may include an orchestrated and repeatable pattern of activity provided by the systematic organization of resources that transform materials, provide services, and/or process information. Workflow management may include management of each step of a workflow, for example, for compliance with workflow requirements, quality standards, etc.


Polypropylene compositions having high ignition resistance, flex modulus, and impact resistance are obtained by blending polypropylene homopolymer, a propylene/ethylene copolymer, an EPM or EPDM elastomer having an ethylene content of about 50-65 weight percent and a Mooney viscosity of 35-80, mica, a commercial chlorinated fire retardant, and antimony trioxide in defined proportions. These compositions are particularly suitable for electrical wire insulation and other applications where toughness, stiffness, and ignition resistance are important.

This invention relates to novel polypropylene compositions characterized by high stiffness, good toughness, and high ignition resistance.
Polypropylene, which is readily available at a reasonable cost, has found many industrial uses because of its desirable physical properties such as ease of fabrication by all conventional methods; high melting point of stereoregular, e.g., isotactic, polypropylene; and compatibility with many other commercial resins, which permits a large number of blends having specific properties. Isotactic polypropylene is inherently brittle, that is, it has a low impact resistance. Brittleness can be reduced either by copolymerizing propylene with ethylene to form block copolymers or by blending homopolypropylene with rubber, for example with EPM or EPDM elastomers. These elastomers are well known to the art. They are copolymers of ethylene with propylene and in the latter case, one or more diene monomers, at least one of which has double bonds that polymerize at different rates.
These copolymers or blends have found many applications, including automobile parts and electric wire insulation. However, one of the problems encountered in applications where fire hazards may be encountered is the lack of ignition resistance of such copolymers or blends. Where sufficient amounts of flameproofing ingredients have been added, those compositions usually have unsatisfactory mechanical properties in that either their impact resistance or stiffness are too low for their intended application.
Accordingly, it is highly desirable to provide a polypropylene composition which would not suffer from such drawbacks.


A container device comprises a blood-collecting bag, a platelet conserving bag, and a plasma bag. These bags are connected each other by tubes. Anticoagulant agent is contained in the blood-collecting bag, and the other bags are empty. The blood-collecting bag is formed of flexible polyvinylchloride. The blood-collecting bag is autoclaved after containing anticoagulant. The other bags are formed of polyolefin such as EVA, and radiation- or gas-sterilized in an empty state.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a medical container device having a plurality of bags containing blood and its components, and a method for manufacturing the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
In blood transfusion, for effective use of blood and reduction of an acceptor's load, there has been recently carried out a system in which blood withdrawn from a donor is separated into components by centrifugation or the like and only the components necessary to an acceptor are transfused. By the introduction of the component transfusion, blood has been effectively used as compared with the conventional whole blood transfusion.
In the above component transfusion, a container device (multiple bag) comprises a blood-collecting bag and one or more other bags.
Among the multiple bag, for example, a triple bag consists of the blood-collecting bag, a platelet conserving bag (hereinafter called PC bag) and a plasma conserving bag (hereinafter called plasma bag) which are connected to each other by a tube. Blood collected in the blood-collecting bag is separated into three components, that is, erythrocyte, platelet rich and platelet poor plasma by at least one centrifugal separation (PRP method). Then, these components are contained and conserved in the blood-collecting bag, PC bag, and plasma conserving bag, respectively.
Each bag of such a multiple bag is formed by overlying sheets made of flexible polyvinylchloride and fusing the edge portions. The reason why the sheet material of flexible polyvinylchloride is used is that a sheet made of the material has suitable permeability, suitable preservation of cells such as hemocyte and blood platelet, high heat resistance to autoclaving, and flexibility that bears a centrifuging operation, as well as easy fusion-bonding, easy manufacturing, and low cost of material. Particularly, regarding the blood-collecting bag, there is an advantage in that plasticizer (DEHP and the like) is suitably eluted from the sheet material, and conservation or preservation of erythrocyte in the blood-collecting bag is improved.
However, regarding the PC bag and the plasma bag, the use of a sheet made of flexible polyvinylchloride has the following disadvantages:
Regarding the PC bag, unless the capacity (surface area) of the bag is enlarged or the thickness of the sheet is small, sufficient oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability cannot be obtained, so that the preservation of blood platelet is worsened. Moreover, the plasticizer eluted from the sheet material exerts unfavorable influence on blood platelets. In other words, an activation index (low osmotic pressure shock recovery factor and aggregation) of blood platelet in vitro is lowered.
Moreover, plasma in the plasma bag is normally frozen and preserved. However, the strength of flexible polyvinylchloride is originally low at a low temperature. If there is a shock such as dropping of the plasma bag in a frozen state, fragile breakage is generated in the plasma bag.
In order to solve the above problems, U.S. Pat. No. 4,222,379 discloses a container device wherein the material of the PC bag or plasma bag is different from that of the blood-collecting bag.
However, since the whole body of such a container device is autoclaved, the material of the PC bag and plasma bag must have heat resistance that can resist autoclaving in addition to the above-required properties. Due to this, there is a disadvantage in that the selection of the material is limited. For example, in the case that ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (hereinafter called EVA) is used, crosslinking thereof must be performed by radioactive irradiation or a chemical method using peroxide or the like in order to obtain heat resistance that can resist autoclaving (110.degree. C. or more).
Placing emphasis on the above-mentioned heat resistance, various properties necessary to the PC bag, the plasma bag, for example, flexibility, transparency, strength at low temperature, facility of manufacture, economical advantage, or safety, are lost.

Medical container device and method for manufacturing same


Methods to convert biobased oils, oil derivatives, and modified oils to highly functionalized esters, ester polyols, amides, and amide polyols. The products can be used to make polyurethane and polyester films and foams.

The invention provides for methods to convert vegetable and/or animal oils (e.g. soybean oil) to highly functionalized alcohols in essentially quantitative yields by an ozonolysis process. The functionalized alcohols are useful for further reaction to produce polyesters and polyurethanes. The invention provides a process that is able to utilize renewable resources such as oils and fats derived from plants and animals.
Polyols are very useful for the production of polyurethane-based coatings and foams as well as polyester applications. Soybean oil, which is composed primarily of unsaturated fatty acids, is a potential precursor for the production of polyols by adding hydroxyl functionality to its numerous double bonds. It is desirable that this hydroxyl functionality be primary rather than secondary to achieve enhanced polyol reactivity in the preparation of polyurethanes and polyesters from isocyanates and carboxylic acids, anhydrides, acid chlorides or esters, respectively. One disadvantage of soybean oil that needs a viable solution is the fact that about 16 percent of its fatty acids are saturated and thus not readily amenable to hydroxylation.
One type of soybean oil modification described in the literature uses hydroformylation to add hydrogen and formyl groups across its double bonds, followed by reduction of these formyl groups to hydroxymethyl groups. Whereas this approach does produce primary hydroxyl groups, disadvantages include the fact that expensive transition metal catalysts are needed in both steps and only one hydroxyl group is introduced per original double bond. Monohydroxylation of soybean oil by epoxidation followed by hydrogenation or direct double bond hydration (typically accompanied with undesired triglyceride hydrolysis) results in generation of one secondary hydroxyl group per original double bond. The addition of two hydroxyl groups across soybean oil's double bonds (dihydroxylation) either requires transition metal catalysis or stoichiometric use of expensive reagents such as permanganate while generating secondary rather than primary hydroxyl groups.
The literature discloses the low temperature ozonolysis of alkenes with simple alcohols and boron trifluoride catalyst followed by reflux to produce esters. See J. Neumeister, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., Vol. 17, p. 939, (1978) and J. L. Sebedio, et al., Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, Vol. 35, p. 21 (1984). A probable mechanism for the low temperature ozonolysis discussed above is shown in FIG. 1. They have shown that a molozonide is generated at relatively low temperatures in the presence of an alcohol and a Bronsted or Lewis acid and that the aldehyde can be captured by conversion to its acetal and the carbonyl oxide can be captured by conversion to an alkoxy hydroperoxide. In the presence of ozone the aldehyde acetal is converted to the corresponding hydrotrioxide at relatively low temperatures. If the reaction temperature is then raised to general reflux temperature, the hydrotrioxide fragments to form an ester by loss of oxygen and one equivalent of original alcohol. At elevated temperatures, and in the presence of an acid such as boron trifluoride, the alkoxy hydroperoxide will eliminate water to also form an ester in essentially quantitative yields. This overall process converts each olefinic carbon to the carbonyl carbon of an ester group so that two ester groups are produced from each double bond.

Methods for production of polyols from oils and their use in the production of polyesters and polyurethanes


A phase contrast x-ray imaging system generates an absorption image and a phase shift image of an object under study. The absorption image represents a measurement of the imaged object's attenuation of radiographic energy, and the phase shift image represents a measurement of the imaged object's phase shifting of the radiographic waves passing through the object. The two images may be used to improve soft tissue discrimination in radiographic imaging.

The subject matter disclosed herein relates to phase contrast imaging (PCI), in particular, to PCI imaging techniques to improve soft tissue discrimination using x-rays.
Material differentiation is an important task in the field of diagnostic medical imaging. Discriminating between two or three materials, sometimes more, may be required to reconstruct a 3D material morphology of a scanned object. There are numerous biomedical applications where material differentiation is necessary. For example, material identification may be necessary for: identification of contrast materials in cardiovascular imaging, such as iodine or other contrast agents, e.g., gold nanoparticles; identification of cancerous tumors or assessment of breast density in digital mammography; and identification of kidney stones in renal imaging, among others.
A dual energy x-ray technique is one known method that is used to provide such material differentiation. Such a method requires a plurality of x-ray exposures for the object being imaged. At least one of the exposures is taken at a lower energy of the x-ray beam and another identical exposure is taken at a relatively higher energy setting. In another method, a single x-ray scan uses a photon-counting energy-resolving detector, where the measurement of the emitted x-ray energy spectrum is logically separated by the detector's electronic comparator circuits into energy bins, which is often referred to as spectral measurement. Since it is desirable to minimize the number of x-ray exposures experienced by patients and because photon-counting energy-resolving detectors are not yet readily clinically accessible, there remains a need for the development of a single PCI exposure method, technique and/or apparatus capable of reliably differentiating between two, three, or more, scanned materials using charge integrating flat panel detectors.
The discussion above is merely provided for general background information and is not intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the presently claimed subject matter.

Material decomposition technique using x-ray phase contrast imaging system


The invention relates to a process for producing cast wearing parts of high-carbon alloy steels having the composition expressed in weight % of:. carbon 0.6 to 2% manganese 0.5 to 6% chromium 1 to 6% silicon 0.4 to 1.5%. the balance being iron with the usual impurity contents, showing as structure selected from the group consisting of:. a non-equilibrium structure of fine pearlite, containing between 1 and 1.5% by weight of carbon with a hardness lying between 47 and 54 RC; PA1 a high carbon austenitic structure with a hardness lying between 15 and 30 RC; PA1 a high carbon martensitic structure with a hardness lying between 60 and 65 RC, comprising the steps of subjecting steel of the indicated composition, after casting and complete solidification, to a cooling from a temperature of at least 900.degree. C. at a cooling rate lying between 7.5 and 1.0.degree. C./sec down to 500.degree. C. and a cooling rate lying between 2.degree. C. and 0.4.degree. C./sec from 500.degree. C. to room temperature.

In the mining industry, it is necessary to release potentially valuable minerals from their rock gangue for the purpose of concentrating them and extracting them.
In order to achieve this release, the ore must be crushed and finely ground.
In the grinding step alone, it may be estimated that 750,000 to 1 million tonnes of grinding media, in the form of spherical balls or cylpebs (frustoconical or cylindrical pebbles), are consumed annually in the world.
In grinding media, the following materials are mainly encountered:
1) low-alloy martensitic steels (0.7 to 1% carbon and alloy elements less than 1%) shaped by rolling or forging and then heat-treated in order to obtain a surface hardness of 60-65 RC; PA0 2) chromium-alloy martensitic cast iron (1.7 to 3.5% carbon and 9 to 30% chromium) shaped by casting and heat-treated in order to obtain a hardness of 60 to 68 RC throughout the cross-section; PA0 3) low-alloy pearlitic white cast irons (3 to 4.2% carbon and alloy elements less than 2%) not treated and having a hardness of 45 to 55 RC, obtained by casting.
Each of the current solutions has drawbacks which are specific to each of them:
for forged martensitic steels, the capital costs for forging or rolling machines, the heat-treatment plants and the energy consumptions are high; PA1 as regards chromium-alloy cast irons, there are additional costs related to the alloying elements (mainly chromium) and to the heat treatments; PA1 finally, for low-alloy pearlitic white cast irons, the manufacturing costs are generally quite low but the performance characteristics in terms of wear resistance are markedly inferior to the previous solutions. In addition, only grinding media of a size less than 60 mm are generally produced industrially. PA1 a non-equilibrium structure of fine pearlite, containing between 1 and 1.5% by weight of carbon with a hardness lying between 47 and 54 RC; PA1 a high carbon austenitic structure with a hardness lying between 15 and 30 RC; PA1 a high carbon martensitic structure with a hardness lying between 60 and 65 RC. PA1 between 1.3 and 1.7% as regards the steels consisting of fine pearlite; PA1 between 1 and 1.6% as regards the steels consisting of austenite; PA1 between 0.6 and 1% as regards the steels consisting of martensite.
More particularly, in the case of ores where the gangues are highly abrasive (for example: gold ore, copper ore, etc.), the current solutions are not entirely satisfactory for the users, since the contribution of the products and materials subjected to wear (balls and linings) remains large in the production costs of these potentially valuable metals.

Process of the production of high-carbon cast steels intended for wearing parts


A ball bat comprising a cast metal barrel region with uniform thickness adjoining a carbon handle and a carbon end cap.

The current bat designs are generally made either of metal, composites or some combination of the two. The bats are monolithic (single material) in the barrel region or are multiwall designs made up of multiple materials.
Current bat designs are designed to maximize rebound velocity and there are varying methods designers use to achieve the same. Recent changes have been implemented by the various governing bodies for bats (such as the NCAA) limiting rebound velocity (or performance) under the guise of safety. For college players, this new BBCOR (Batted-Ball-Coefficient-Of Restitution) requirement went into effect Jan. 1, 2011. The requirement for most high school players goes into effect Jan. 1, 2012. This new BBCOR standard replaced a BESR (Ball-Exit-Speed-Ratio) requirement that had been in place for many years.
The history of metal bats is significant and can be traced to the early 1970's when the aluminum bat was first developed and commercialized. The NCAA approved aluminum bats in 1974 and aluminum has been the dominant metal bat material for decades.
Aluminum has been so integral to bat development that aluminum engineers at Alcoa and Kaiser credit baseball bats with much of the driving force behind high strength alloy development. A summary of the basis for this relates to the physics of the bat-ball collision and although not detailed herein, the accepted "norm" is that if you make the bat impact region "thinner" the rebound velocity will increase. A graph of various materials is attached to this application as FIGS. 1 and 2.
As described herein, the new "performance limiting" standards (BBCOR and ABI-Accelerated-Break-In) relate to the present invention and related features and benefits. Aluminum bats have improved steadily over the years as a direct result of advances in alloys. Stronger alloys allow bat designers to "thin-out" the impact zone (without the bat denting) and have resulted in higher and higher performance. These higher strength alloys are generally more expensive so there was a direct correlation between high strength alloy bats, high cost and high performance results (i.e., more rebound velocity). However, as noted earlier, the new BBCOR requirement has severely hampered 40 years of "conventional innovation" (better alloys or creative and complex multi-wall construction) all aimed at more rebound (i.e., "hotter" bat) velocity.
Composite bats also are a part of the high performance bat market. The materials and lay-up designs can be manipulated to produce barrel sections that are "softer." A peculiar aspect of composite bats is that as they "wear out," or the various layers begin to delaminate for separate), the barrel region actually gets even softer, and thus the rebound velocity at impact actually improves. There is a point of diminishing returns, but players have been known to strategically "break-in" their composite bats to secure added initial performance. This practice lead to the NCAA to ban composite bats a few years back and now they have implemented an "ABI" procedure as part of the qualification process to try and eliminate composite designs that "change" (i.e., get softer through delamination) over time. This has hampered the advantage composite bats have/had over aluminum. Composite bats (and their materials) are more expensive than aluminum.
These composite bats also must meet the new BBCOR requirement which means that designers must use "more" of this expensive composite material to ensure the right stiffness for "BBCOR" and enough strength for "ABI." This adds little value and appears to be a carry-over from the marketing benefit of composites.
Thus, in summary, current bats must use expensive aluminum alloys, available only in "wrought" raw material conditions, in attempts to obtain performance standards that used to be "strength and weight" driven. This high strength to weight ratio is called "specific strength" and whether it was aluminum, titanium or composites, this was the "preferred" choice and selection. The performance standard was also either rebound velocity or maybe a derivative called "finding a larger sweet spot" which also dealt with velocity.
Future "high-performance" bats need to find a new parameter besides rebound velocity (for safety) and are preferably made of less costly materials and processes, and further and deliver features and benefits not solely focused on materials and/or construction.


A readout circuit, for at least one sensing element, includes an amplifier including an input node for receiving charges from the sensing element or elements and an output node, a first feedback loop comprising a feedback capacitor, and at least one second feedback loop comprising another feedback capacitor, between the output and input nodes of the amplifier, for defining different gains. The at least two feedback capacitors being each connectable to a reference voltage supply via respective switches, for pre-loading the feedback capacitors with a predetermined charge different from the charge obtainable from the at least one sensing element, for sampling signals at a reset level before charge transferal. The loops comprising a respective switch between their capacitors and the output node, for operatively connecting and disconnecting each loop, for obtaining reset voltages at two different gains and signal voltages at two different gains.

Sensors generate detectable signals upon interaction with a magnitude to be sensed. The signal level is representative of the sensed magnitude, in order to have a good readout. Usually signals are obtained from charges generated in the sensing element as a response to the sensed magnitude. For example, photocharges are generated in radiation sensors (such as infrared, optical, UV sensors . . . ) when radiation impinges on the sensing element or elements in the sensor. These charges need to be measured, for example by converting the charge to a readable signal such as voltage, which is easy to extract and manipulate. Many circuit configurations with different elements exist for performing this conversion. For example, some circuits including amplifiers, such as the capacitor transimpedance amplifier (CTIA), are used in sensing applications for charge-to-voltage conversion.
However, these circuits are typically optimized for obtaining a good signal at either high levels or low levels of the magnitude to be sensed (high levels or low levels of radiation). If a sensor including a circuit for a predetermined range of measurement levels is exposed to different levels outside of this range, the accuracy of the readout drops, so the results will not be exact. For example, a radiation sensor optimized for low levels of radiation will saturate and stop giving meaningful readout of the signal, because the saturated signal level is not representative of the sensed magnitude anymore. On the other hand, a radiation sensor optimized for high levels of radiation will present a readout with a high noise level if the radiation levels are low.
Thus, it would be desirable to obtain a sensing element with good tolerance against saturation, and still presenting good response to low radiation levels.

High dynamic range capacitor transimpedance amplifier


A face recognition system for recognizing face in two stages includes a processor and a camera. The camera captures a face image. The processor includes a image locating unit, an image recognition unit, a first feature extraction unit, a second feature extraction unit, and a comparison unit. The image locating unit locates a face in the face image. Facial landmarks are recognized by the image recognition unit and the first feature extraction unit extracts a deep-learning based facial feature. The second feature extraction unit extracts a hand-crafted facial feature. The comparison unit compares the deep-learning based facial feature and the hand-crafted facial feature with a predetermined facial samples library to output a result of facial comparison. A face recognition method is also provided.

Conventional face recognition systems adopt approaches based on global features which compare the spatial histograms of local binary patterns (LBP) feature between an image of a subject face and images of multiple training faces. Such a system can effectively recognize a subject face with a frontal face. However, it fails to recognize a subject face image with non-frontal face or if the subject face is a non-training face with unusual facial expression.

Cloud Network Technology Singapore Pte. Ltd.


A process of forming a decorative jewelry stone wherein a photographic film image, created by photographing positive artwork and being essentially transparent except for the image thereon, is utilized as the mold for receiving an uncured plastic resin in substantially liquid form. The resin is permitted to cure, the resultant partially formed article with the film portion attached thereto reversed in position such that a second amount of similar resin can be applied thereto to essentially embed the film portion therein. Since the film portion is essentially transparent except for the image thereon, the remaining portions of the film visually merges with the resin segments on either side thereof such that only the image is readily observable.

This invention relates to decorative jewelry articles and particularly to a novel process of forming such.
It is known to embed actual objects including photographs within clear or partially clear plastic material such as commerically available epoxy or acrylic resins. In order to accomplish this, a first segment of the article is usually cast within a mold and, after hardening to a sufficient extent, the object placed directly thereupon. Thereafter, further identical or at least compatible resin material is added to the mold and on top of the object so as to completely embed such within the resultant article. The article then can be reshaped to its final form and, if necessary, polished or otherwise mounted or supported for its appropriate use. Such methods, although generally practiced, include serious drawbacks including the expense and often the unavailability of substantially identical actual objects to be embedded in those cases where substantial conformity is desired, such as in mass production. Another drawback is the obviousness and resultant cheapened effect of utilizing a photograph when the intent is to create the impression of having used original artwork or objects for embedding.

Method of making ornamental jewelry stones

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An ultrasonic diagnostic equipment of linear electric scanning type includes a plurality of pulse generators for supplying electric pulses to a plurality of ultrasonic transducers disposed on a plane, gate circuits for driving the pulse generator, a plurality of analogue switching circuits for selecting the reflected ultrasonic pulse signals received by the ultrasonic transducers, and a control circuit for controlling these pulse generators and switching circuits. The control circuit synchronizingly controls the operations of the gate circuits and analogue switching circuits in order to operate a given number of ultrasonic transducers of the plural of the ultrasonic transducers. The pulse generator and switching circuit are provided corresponding to each transducer.

The present invention relates to an ultrasonic diagnostic equipment and, more particularly, to the one of linear electronic scanning type for electronically moving in parallel the ultrasonic beam.
An ultrasonic scanning type diagnostic equipment has a plurality of ultrasonic transducers. Any selected one of the transducers emits an ultrasonic beam to a living body. The equipment receives pulses reflected from the living body and displays an image of the living body based on the reflected pulses. Such an equipment is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,789,833 and 3,881,466. The specifications of these U.S. patents, however, do not describe in detail a scanning circuit for driving and switching the ultrasonic transducers of the equipment. In the conventional linear electronic scanning type diagnostic equipment, the ultransonic transducers are switched on and off one after another. To drive any one of the transducers a switching circuit is employed to control not only the voltage of the pulses reflected from a living body but also the voltage of the input pulses to the transducer.
Generally, input pulses to drive an utlrasonic transducer have a relatively high voltage, e.g. tens to hundreds of volts. A switching circuit applied with such a high voltage will inevitably generate pulses each time it is operated. The unnecessary ultrasonic pulses thus produced will result in a virtual or ghost image of the living body. Of course, the switching circuit is made to withstand a high voltage and a great current. As a result, it cannot detect input signals at the best possible signal/noise (S/N) ratio. Such a switching circuit is indispensable to the conventional ultrasonic scanning type diagnostic equipment. This is why the equipment has a complicated circuit construction and is very costly.


A method for stimuli-based authentication includes presenting one or more stimuli to a person. The method includes measuring a brainwave response of the person to the one or more stimuli, and authenticating the person based on the measured brainwave response.

Authenticating a person for access to a computer system, a building, or the like may involve confirming the person's identity in various ways, such as by use of a password, a security question, an identity card, a security token, a signature, a fingerprint, a retinal pattern, and/or additional factors. An unauthorized person may attempt to access a system by using, copying, or imitating the credentials of an authorized person.

LENOVO ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS (SINGAPORE) PTE. LTD.


An image forming apparatus having a transport device including a pair of timing rollers, operable to cause a leading edge of a recording sheet to abut a nip portion of the non-rotating timing rollers, and then initiate rotation to transport the sheet toward a transfer position, the transport device comprising: a motor transmitting rotational force to the timing rollers via a power transmission mechanism such that the timing rollers rotate; and a control unit controlling motor rotation, wherein the control unit activates the motor, causes the timing rollers to transport a first recording sheet at a first speed, and stops the motor once transportation is complete, and when a second recording sheet is to be subsequently transported at a different second speed, the control unit causes the timing rollers to execute an idle rotation at the second speed or at another speed, and then stopping, before beginning second sheet transportation.

(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention pertains to a image forming apparatus such as a printer or copier, and specifically to technology for the transportation of a recording sheet by a pair of timing rollers.
(2) Description of the Related Art
In an image forming apparatus forming images through electrophotography, for example, the transportation of a recording sheet is temporarily stopped when a leading edge of the recording sheet abuts a nip portion formed in a pair of timing rollers, which are not rotating, in order to transfer a toner image formed on a photosensitive drum to the recording sheet at a correct position. The recording sheet is then transported by starting the rotation of the timing rollers with such timing that the leading edge of the toner image (including whitespace therein) formed on the photosensitive drum and the leading edge of the recording sheet meet at a transfer position. The toner image is then transferred to the recording sheet at the correct position.
The rotation drive source for the pair of timing rollers is frequently a motor that also drives the rotation of the photosensitive drum and other components. Rotational force is transmitted from the motor to the timing rollers via a power transmission mechanism. Also, the starting and stopping of rotation by the timing rollers is controlled by the motor, via a clutch provided immediately before the timing rollers in the power transmission mechanism that is switched ON and OFF.
In recent years, the system speed has been increased in order to improve the number of images formed per unit time, and the gap for transporting the recording sheet (i.e., the paper gap) has been made smaller. Thus controlling the starting and stopping of the rotation by the timing rollers by controlling the clutch has thus become difficult to execute while still having the timing rollers handle the recording sheet with precision.
Conventional technology having a common motor driving the photosensitive drum and the pair of timing rollers has progressed by providing a motor for the timing rollers that is separate from the motor for the photosensitive drum, and removing the clutch from the power transmission mechanism. In such a system, the start and stop of rotation by the timing rollers is controlled by switching the separate motor ON (activation) and OFF (stopping).
In such a configuration, a situation may arise where, after one set of image formation operations (hereinafter, a job), a job (hereinafter, later job) using a different system speed (i.e., the transport speed for the recording sheets) than the first job (hereinafter, earlier job) is executed. A relative discrepancy was then observed to arise in terms of image formation position between the first page and subsequent pages of the later job.
Upon research into the discrepancy, the inventor has identified backlash in the power transmission mechanism as the cause. The power transmission mechanism between the motor and the timing rollers is made up of a plurality of components, such as gears, for transmitting rotational force. Each of these components has a degree of slack in the direction of rotation, or in other words, has backlash.
Thus, due to inertia, the components rotate within the range of the backlash after the motor is stopped. The rotation of the components caused by inertia after the motor is stopped is hereinafter termed momentum-driven rotation.
Accordingly, when the motor is restarted, the timing rollers begin to rotate only after the motor has rotated by an amount equivalent to the momentum-driven rotation. That is, a lag occurs between the activation of the motor and the beginning of rotation by the timing rollers, corresponding to the extent of the momentum-driven rotation (this lag is hereinafter termed rotation delay time).
The momentum-driven rotation is greater when the rotation speed of the motor is fast (i.e., when the transport speed for the recording sheets is fast), and is smaller when the rotation speed is slow (i.e., when the transport speed for the recording sheets is slow). Accordingly, the rotation delay is greater for jobs at a fast transport speed and is smaller for jobs at a slow transport speed.
As such, when, for example, an image formation job on a thick sheet at a slow transport speed is followed by an image formation job on a regular sheet at a fast transport speed, the image formation position for the first recording sheet of the later job is further upstream in the sheet transport direction than the image formation position for subsequent recording sheets.
In order to solve this problem, an approach has been devised that involves narrowing the range of tolerance for the component dimensions, so as to reduce the backlash for each component.
However, this approach reduces the yield rate of the components, and decreases manufacturability as a result of greatly reduced tolerances during assembly. Also, a certain degree of backlash between gears and the like is indispensible for the ensuring smooth rotation of engaged gears. Backlash can thus never be completely removed.
The above-discussed problem is not restricted to situations where a stop occurs at the conclusion of a job and the system speed (i.e., the transport speed for the recording sheets) is changed for a subsequent job. The problem also occurs when the transport speed for the recording sheets is changed during a single job.

Image forming apparatus and rotation control method for motor driving rotation of timing rollers


This invention relates to (1) process of making 7-Cyclopentyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid dimethylamide and salt(s) thereof; (2) novel salt(s) of 7-Cyclopentyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid dimethylamide; (3) pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same; and (4) methods of treatment using the same.

The compound 7-Cyclopentyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid dimethylamide of Formula (I)
and its synthesis is specifically described in WO 2010/020675 A1, Example 74. WO2010/020675 discloses that compound of Formula (I) has valuable pharmacological properties and can be used, for example, (1) as inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinases, (in particular, cyclin dependent kinases selected from CDK1, CDK2, CDK3, CDK4, CDK5, CDK6 and CDK9); and (2) as modulators and/or inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3).
WO2010/020675 does not disclose or suggest the succinate salt of 7-Cyclopentyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid dimethylamide.

Salt(s) of 7-cyclopentyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid dimethylamide and processes of making thereof