A mobile device and a control method thereof are provided. The mobile device including a detecting module (1), a determining module (2), a controlling module (3) and a storing module (4). The storing module (4) is configured for pre-storing reference data for a plurality of characteristic parameters, wherein the reference data for each of the characteristic parameters indicate types of substances, respectively; the detecting module (1) is configured for detecting one of the characteristic parameters of a substance in contact with the functional body of the mobile device so as to obtain a detection data for the one of the characteristic parameters; the determining module (2) is configured for comparing the detection data for the one of the characteristic parameters obtained by the detecting module with the reference data for the corresponding characteristic parameters pre-stored in the storing module (4), so as to determine a type of the substance in contact with the functional body of the mobile device; the controlling module (3) is configured for controlling the functional body of the mobile device to activate a corresponding working mode according to the type of the substance determined by the determining module. Thus, not only the mobile device can be protected from accidental damage, but also the user is enabled to enjoy more intelligent services of the mobile device.

In nowadays with a fast pace of life and developed science and technology, with coming of an era of smart mobile devices, more and more mobile devices employ an intelligent scientific and technological equipment, and whether a portable music listening device or a touch display product, they have come to reality; various kinds of information may be accessed anytime and anywhere by a smart mobile device; everyone is familiar with a mobile device, such as a portable computer and a smart mobile phone, and various needs of a user can be met anytime and anywhere.
With increasing demands of people, a function of the mobile device becomes more and more complex; a more beautified interface, a simpler and faster operation, a more convenient control and more intelligent perceptual processing are constantly pursued; generally, in order to realize various intelligent functions, the mobile device needs to install a sensor for perceiving all kinds of information from outside; as a tool for acquiring the information of the mobile device, the sensor is like "eyes", a "nose" and "ears" of the mobile device; a sensor technology is a key technology for realizing perception, and can realize intelligent perception, recognition and management in a function realization process of the mobile device.
The mobile device can meet a need that the user enjoys various convenient and fast functions anytime and anywhere, and therefore, the mobile device needs to work under various different external environments; however, as the mobile device cannot automatically switch its working mode, damage to the mobile device or inconvenience use can be easily caused sometimes. For example, the user puts the smart mobile phone on a wooden table or chair, if the mobile phone activates a vibration mode, the mobile phone is easy to fall off due to a vibration to cause damage. And for another example, the user uses the mobile phone in an environment with weak light, and as the mobile phone cannot perceive ambient light itself, and cannot automatically increase brightness, which causes the inconvenience in use of the user.

Mobile device comprising multiple sensors for controlling functional operations


A structure or vehicle protection system including a removable frame on the structure or vehicle, and a net within the frame and spaced from the structure or vehicle and having a mesh size designed to disarm an incoming threat.

Rocket Propelled Grenades (RPGs) and other threats used by enemy forces and insurgents are a serious threat to troops on the battlefield, on city streets, and on country roads. RPG weapons are relatively inexpensive and widely available throughout the world. There are variety of RPG warhead types, but the most prolific are the RPG-7 and RPG-7M which employ a focus blast or shaped charge warhead capable of penetrating considerable armor even if the warhead is detonated at standoffs up to 10 meters from a vehicle. A perfect hit with a shaped charge can penetrate a 12 inch thick steel plate. RPG's pose a persistent deadly threat to moving ground vehicles and stationary structures such as security check points.
Heavily armored, lightly armored, and unarmored vehicles have been proven vulnerable to the RPG shaped charge. Pick-up trucks, HMMWV's, 2½ ton trucks, 5 ton trucks, light armor vehicles, and M118 armored personnel carriers are frequently defeated by a single RPG shot. Even heavily armored vehicles such as the M1 Abrams Tank have been felled by a single RPG shot. The RPG-7 and RPG-7M are the most prolific class of RPG weapons, accounting for a reported 90% of the engagements. RPG-18s have been reported as well accounting for a significant remainder of the threat encounters. Close engagements 30 meters away occurs in less than 0.25 seconds and an impact speed ranging from 120-180 m/s. Engagements at 100 meters will reach a target in approximately 1.0 second and at impact speeds approaching 300 m/s.
The RPG-7 is in general use in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East and weapon caches are found in random locations making them available to the inexperienced insurgent. Today, the RPG threat in Iraq is present at every turn and caches have been found under bridges, in pickup trucks, buried by the road sides, and in even in churches.
Armor plating on a vehicle does not always protect the vehicle's occupants in the case of an RPG impact and no known countermeasure has proven effective.
Certain prior art discloses the idea of deploying an airbag (U.S. Pat No. 6,029,558) or a barrier (U.S. Pat. No. 6,279,449) in the trajectory path of a munition to deflect it but such countermeasure systems would be wholly ineffective in the face of a RPG.
Other prior art discloses systems designed to intercept and destroy an incoming threat. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,578,784 which discloses a projectile "catcher" launched into the path of a projectile. Many such interception systems are ineffective and/or expensive, complex, and unreliable.


The invention relates to a system, method and capsule for preparing a predetermined quantity of beverage suitable for consumption using an extractable product. The system comprises an exchangeable capsule, and an apparatus comprising a receptacle for holding the exchangeable capsule, and a fluid dispensing device for supplying a fluid to the exchangeable capsule. The capsule comprises an exit area to allow draining from the prepared beverage from the capsule there through, wherein the exit area comprises a filter layer. The filter layer comprises a layer of non-woven and/or woven fibrous material with at least one first region where the non-woven and/or woven material has been sealed to prevent egress of liquid there through and at least one second region where the non-woven and/or woven material has not been sealed to allow egress of liquid there through.

The invention relates to a system for preparing a predetermined quantity of beverage suitable for consumption using an extractable product, comprising an exchangeable capsule, and an apparatus comprising a receptacle for holding the exchangeable capsule, and a fluid dispensing device for supplying an amount of a fluid, such as water, under pressure to the exchangeable capsule, wherein the exchangeable capsule comprises a circumferential wall, a bottom closing the circumferential wall at a first end, and a lid closing the circumferential wall at a second end opposite the bottom, wherein the wall, bottom and lid enclose an inner space comprising the extractable product, wherein the bottom comprises an entrance area and the system is arranged for bringing the fluid dispensing device in fluid connection with the entrance area for supplying the fluid to the extractable product for preparing the beverage, and wherein the lid comprises an exit area and the system comprises an outlet which, in use, is in fluid communication with the exit area for draining the prepared beverage from the capsule and supplying the beverage to a container such as a cup.
Such a system using a capsule is known per se. The capsule may have an open end that, prior to use, is open to ambient atmosphere, although the open capsule may be contained in an e.g. airtight or gastight outer package. The open end of the capsule may be provided with a filter sheet or other perforate and/or porous filter. The open capsule may for example comprise roasted and ground coffee as extractable product. The capsule may be used for preparing a predetermined quantity of coffee in a suitable apparatus. A drawback of the known capsule is that the reproducibility of the beverage may be poor.

System, method and capsule for preparing a beverage


A transmission speed controlling method for multi-cast packets includes the steps of calculating a standard time, and recording an accumulated error time; transmitting one of the multi-cast packets, and calculating a transmission time of the transmitted multi-cast packet; calculating a difference between the standard time and the transmission time, recording the difference as a current error time, adding the accumulated error time and the current error time, and recording the add result as a preset sleep time; and performing the following steps when the preset sleep time is greater than an error threshold value, wherein the following steps are sleeping for the preset sleep time; being awaked from sleep, and calculating a practical sleep time; calculating a new accumulated error time by subtracting the practical sleep time from the preset sleep time; and returning to the first step to transmit the next one of the multi-cast packets.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a method for controlling transmission speed of multi-cast packets, and more particularly to a high-precision method for controlling the transmission speed of the multi-cast packets.
2. Related Art
In the field relating to the transmission technology of network packets, how to control of transmission speed is an important topic. The transmission speed of network data is obtained by calculating a ratio between a data transmission amount and a transmission time. Currently, a Microsoft Windows system uses a Sleep function to control the transmission speed of the network packet. The Sleep function does not occupy network resources during a sleep process, but the Sleep function has very low precision, and probably can only reach a precision of a millisecond (ms) level. An error in practical execution of the Sleep function may generally reach 10 ms, and therefore, the Sleep function is not suitable for applications requiring a high and stable transmission speed.
The Windows system also provides a counter with the accuracy that can be synchronized with a machine clock, and the counter can reach a precision of a nanosecond (ns) level. However, the method of using the counter for sleep requires frequent counting and confirmation of whether the sleep time is reached by the system, so that central processor unit (CPU) resources are largely occupied, and then operation of other software and the system is affected.
That is to say, during convention control of the transmission speed of network packets such as multi-cast packets, a problem of fluctuation of the transmission speed easily caused by the low sleep precision, or a defect of requiring excessive consumption of CPU resources exists.

Method for controlling transmission speed of multi-cast packets


A method of substantially permanently providing or enhancing ultra violet reflectance in materials suitable for use in making fishing lures materials and the resulting fishing lures so provided.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to a method of adding or enhancing the ultra violet reflectance capability of natural and synthetic fishing lure making materials. More specifically the present invention relates to a method of dyeing natural and synthetic fishing lure materials to provide permanently bonded UVR substances to said natural and synthetic fishing lure materials. Further, the present invention relates to utilizing the instant invention on fishing lure materials that are untreated, pre-color dyed, pre-UV fluorescence dyed, and pre-color and pre-fluorescence dyed. The present invention also relates to said UVR enhanced fishing lure materials so produced.
2. Description of the Related Art
Color is an interpretation of light waves having a particular wavelength. While it is an organism's eye that receives light waves, it is the organism's brain that interprets those light waves and "sees" colors.
A transparent lens called the cornea is at the front of the eye to allow light waves into the eye. Behind the cornea is the iris, which gives the eye its color. By changing size, the iris regulates the amount of light entering the pupil, which is the orifice defined by the iris. Located behind the iris is a crystalline lens which focuses the light rays entering the eye onto the retina. The retina is the inner most layer of the eye and is covered with photo receptor cells. Light waves enter the eye though the cornea, pass through the pupil are focused by the lens and strike the photo receptors on the retina.
There are two types of photo receptors, rods and cones, which are named for their relative shapes. Rod type photo receptors perceive the intensity of light and enable an organism to see at night and other low light conditions. Cone type photo receptors perceive the wavelengths of various light waves and enable the organism to distinguish colors.
Humans are among the minority of mammals that have color vision. In the human eye, rods are found at the peripheral regions of the retina but are nearly absent from the center of the visual field, known as the fovea, where the cones are concentrated. The human eye has about 150,000 cones (color receptors) per square millimeter of fovea area. Humans' eyes have three variants of photo-receptive cones (known as red cones, blue cones, and green cones) and that reason humans are classified as trichromic organisms. Each variant of photo receptive cone carries a unique protein, called an opsin, which reacts when struck by light waves having wavelengths that correspond to the opsin's light sensitivity. It is unknown whether the reaction is physical, chemical, or both. The reaction of the opsins is communicated to the brain allowing the organism to distinguish between red, blue, and green colors. Thus, the world visually perceived by humans is dominated by light having wave lengths ranging from 400-750 nanometers or blue to red respectively.
In contrast to humans, bony fish, birds, and some other mammals have tetra-chromic vision. The eyes of tetra-chromic organisms have four variants of photo receptive cones. In addition to having three variants of cones with opsins sensitive to red, green and blue light, these organisms have a fourth variant of cone with an opsin that is sensitive to ultra violet (UV) light which presumptively enables the organism to perceive ultra violet light that is invisible to humans. The UV range of interest is from about 200-to about 385 nanometers with the peak sensitivity of the opsin on this fourth variant of photo receptive cone is about 358 nanometers which is known as Ultra Violet A (UVA) light.
As noted above, while a human eye has about 150,000 cones per square millimeter of fovea area, the eyes of bony fish and crustaceans, for example, have more than one million cones per square millimeter of fovea area. This large difference is the number of cone type photo receptors in the fovea presumptively provides bony fish and crustaceans with greater visual acuity than humans, as well as an ability to perceive UV light that is invisible to humans.
Ultra violet light penetrates more deeply into water than visible light and ultraviolet light is abundant in near surface marine ecosystems. It is estimated there is sufficient UV light for UV vision down to a depth of approximately 200 meter in clear ocean water, while visible light penetrates clear ocean water to a depth of only approximately 20-40 meters. The current prevailing hypothesis is that UV vision is primarily used by fish and crustaceans to improve detection of prey.
The instant invention reflects UV light off of surfaces created using the ultra violet light reflectance (UVR) using materials of applicant's claimed invention making baits and lures more perceptible to bony fish in particular and theoretically more likely to cause the fish to attempt to eat the so created bait or lure.
For example, U.S. Patent Application Publication Number 2006/0121166 issued Jun. 8, 2006 to Jeckle teaches a spray-on ultra violet light reflective composition for application on natural and synthetic baits and lures used in fishing activities. Said composition made in three separate phases and thereafter combined. When this three phase mixture is sprayed onto a natural or artificial bait or lure it creates a polymeric coating thereon containing said ultra violet light reflective composition. This reference fails to disclose, teach, or fairly suggest the "dyeing" a ultra violet reflective composition substantially permanently to natural and synthetic materials suitable for use in the construction of fishing lures.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,528,187 issued May 5, 2009 to Jeckle teaches a spray-on ultra violet light absorbing composition for application to bird decoys and related bird hunting and bird watching apparatus, said composition absorbing at least a portion of the ultra violet impinging on the article coated therewith to more closely reflect similar amounts of ultra violet light as the surrounding habitat. This reference teaches the polar opposite of applicant's claimed invention in that it is designed to absorb at least of the ultra violet light impinging on it instead of reflecting it. Thus, this reference does not disclose, teach, or fairly suggest applicant's claimed invention.
It is known that many aquatic insects reflect ultra violet light from only portions of their anatomies creating UVR patterns or signatures similarly to the visual color, size, and shape of an aquatic insect for bony fishes to key on during feeding periods. Likewise aquatic insects, such as for example, caddis flies (sedges) reflect practically no UVR from most of their anatomies, and this too may be a feeding key factor to fish.
The prior references instead create a substantially uniform UVR over the complete anatomy of baits and lures covered with them via spray application over the completed baits or lures.
Likewise U.S. Pat. No. 8,220,379 issued Jul. 17, 2012 to Curry teaches composition which may be removably applied to an object or clothing to absorb at least a portion of the ultra violet light impinging on the object so coated by said composition.
This ability to provide UVR in fishing lures increases the length of time during the day when fish can "see" a fishing lure. This is especially true during the early dawn and pre-dawn hours and the twilight hours of the day. Additionally, the ultra violet reflectance tends to mimic the natural fishing foods "light print" thereby increasing the likelihood of a fish taking the fishing lure.
Thus, there remains a need for a composition and method of substantially permanently applying an ultra violet light reflective composition to natural and synthetic fishing lure materials that may also be dyed a color and/or dyed with a fluorescing composition.

Method of adding or enhancing the UVR capability of natural and synthetic fishing lure materials and the resulting enhanced fishing lure materials


A flexible superabsorbent binder polymer composition including a monoethylenically unsaturated polymer, such as carboxylic acid, sulphonic acid, or phosphoric acid, or salts thereof, and an acrylate or methacrylate ester that contains an alkoxysilane functionality, or a monomer capable of co-polymerization with a compound containing a trialkoxysilane functional group and subsequent reaction with water to form a silanol group wherein the flexible superabsorbent binder polymer composition has a residual monoethylenically unsaturated monomer of less than about 1000 ppm. The flexible superabsorbent binder polymer composition is particularly suitable for use in manufacturing absorbent articles. A method of making the flexible superabsorbent binder polymer composition includes preparing a monomer solution, adding the monomer solution to an initiator system, and activating a polymerization initiator within the initiator system.

This invention is directed to a flexible superabsorbent binder polymer composition, and a method of making the flexible superabsorbent binder polymer composition and absorbent binder or coating composition including the superabsorbent polymer composition.
Adhesives, or binders, are a necessary element of many absorbent products. While adhesives beneficially hold products together, adhesives may also have a tendency to interfere with the absorbency of fluids in absorbent products. Adhesives are typically hydrophobic and therefore are not conducive to absorbency or liquid transfer functions. Furthermore, most adhesives are non-absorbent and thus serve no liquid retention function.
Hydrophilic adhesives are known, such as adhesives formulated from water-soluble polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl methyl ether), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(ethylene oxide), or cellulose derivatives such as hydroxypropyl cellulose. Dextrans, starches and vegetable gums have been used to provide hydrophilic adhesives. These materials provide adhesion under dry conditions. However, upon exposure to aqueous fluids, these materials lose bonding capability because they are substantially soluble in aqueous fluids.
A known approach for making hydrophilic adhesives more functional upon exposure to aqueous fluid is to crosslink the water-soluble polymers. As a result of crosslinking, the material becomes swellable, and no longer soluble, in aqueous fluid. However, since crosslinked polymers are thermosets, they are difficult to apply to substrates or to establish intimate contact with surfaces because the crosslinked polymers are solid materials and have little or no ability to flow. Usually crosslinked polymers are hard, rigid and brittle. These polymers do not have flexibility that many absorbent products need for end uses of the polymers.
What is therefore needed is a flexible superabsorbent binder polymer composition, which may be referred to as flexible absorbent binder or FAB herein, for use in a hydrophilic flexible binder or coating that has latent crosslinking capability. Such a superabsorbent polymer composition could be easily applied, like a water-soluble polymer, since the hydrophilic polymer solution would be capable of flow prior to crosslinking. Latent crosslinking capability would also provide a simple means of crosslinking the polymer after the polymer has established intimate contact with substrates or has formed a desired final shape or form.
Recent development efforts have provided coating materials for a variety of uses. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,054,523, to Braun et al., describes materials that are formed from organopolysiloxanes containing groups that are capable of condensation, a condensation catalyst, an organopolysiloxane resin, a compound containing a basic nitrogen, and polyvinyl alcohol. The materials are reported to be suitable for use as hydrophobic coatings and for paints and sealing compositions.
Soerens et al., in U.S. Pat. No. 6,737,491, describes an absorbent binder composition including a monoethylenically unsaturated polymer and an acrylate or methacrylate ester that contains an alkoxysilane functionality that is particularly suitable for use in manufacturing absorbent articles. Also described in Soerens et al. is a method of making the absorbent binder composition that includes the steps of preparing a monomer solution, adding the monomer solution to an initiator system, and activating a polymerization initiator within the initiator system reported an alcohol-based, water-soluble binder composition. One of the issues in preparing water-soluble polymers is the amount of the residual monoethylenically unsaturated monomer content remaining in the polymer. For applications in personal hygiene it is required the amount of residual monoethylenically unsaturated monomer content of the superabsorbent polymer composition be less than about 1000 ppm. In addition, it is desirous for the flexible superabsorbent binder composition to have a solids content of at least 24%. Also it is desirous to have a uniform and reproducible viscosity at the solids level of greater than 24%.
In addition to the foregoing, another aspect of the existing flexible absorbent binder composition is that a relatively dilute polymer solution must be used so that the solution does not begin to crosslink, wherein crosslinking is known as gelling. Since the solution is generally used by applying the solution to a substrate and then drying the solution to form the crosslinked, absorbent coating, the cost of drying a dilute solution may be more costly than desirous.
In the case of using alkoxysilane as a crosslinking agent, gelling can be explained, without this invention being limited by the following theory, as a function of the statistical probability that the alkoxysilane functional units on two polymer chains "find" each other in solution to allow condensation and formation of a crosslink. One approach is to keep this probability low by using a polymer concentration of about 20% by weight. Another approach is to reduce the probability of gellation by reducing the amount of alkoxysilane functionality incorporated into the polymer. For example, a simple approximation suggests that incorporating half as much alkoxysilane into the polymer should allow the polymer concentration to be doubled. Thus a 40% polymer solution with half the alkoxysilane incorporation should have the same stability as the current 20% solution of flexible superabsorbent binder polymer composition. However, the 40% solution requires much less energy and cost to dry the solution into an absorbent coating. Reducing the alkoxysilane incorporation, however, reduces the overall crosslink density of the absorbent coating. A "sloppy" absorbent that is too low in gel strength for functional absorbency is likely to result. As set forth in the present invention, this sloppiness can be overcome by adding a new source of crosslinking functionality just before the concentrated binding/coating solution is applied to a substrate.
What is therefore needed is a hydrophilic polymer that has latent crosslinking capability and which can be produced at an attractive cost. Such polymers could be easily applied, like a water-soluble polymer, since the hydrophilic polymer would be capable of flow prior to crosslinking. Latent crosslinking capability would also provide a simple means of crosslinking the polymer after the polymer has established intimate contact with substrates or has formed a desired final shape or form. There is also a need or desire for such a polymer which has a suitable level of flexibility.
In addition, there is thus a need within the field of absorbent products for flexible absorbent binders, adhesives, or coatings from a polymer solution wherein the superabsorbent polymer composition has a residual monoethylenically unsaturated monomer of less than about 1000 ppm, and less than about 500 ppm. In addition, it is an objective of the present invention to increase the solids content of the polymer solution to at least about 24%, and at least about 30%. Another objective of the present invention is to have a viscosity after 16 hours of the superabsorbent polymer composition of less than about 10,000 cps, and in the range of from about 1,000 to about 5000 cps.
Furthermore, there is a need within the field of absorbent products for such flexible absorbent binders, adhesives, or coatings that can be prepared by post-application, moisture-induced crosslinking of superabsorbent polymers.

Flexible superabsorbent binder polymer composition


The present disclosure relates to a method for scheduling a computation graph on heterogeneous computing resources. The method comprises generating an augmented computation graph that includes a first set of replica nodes corresponding to a first node in the computation graph and a second set of replica nodes corresponding to a second node in the computation graph, wherein the replica nodes of the first set are connected by edges to the replica nodes of the second set according to dependency between the first node and the second node in the computation graph, adapting the augmented computation graph to include performance values for the edges, the replica nodes of the first set, and the replica nodes of the second set, and determining a path across the adapted computation graph via one replica node of the first set and one replica node of the second set based on the performance values.

Complexity of neural network models has been constantly increasing such that massive amount of computing power is required for neural network model training and inference. A typical machine-learning or deep-learning model may have thousands or even millions of variables and computation operations. Further, neural network model's behaviour has been diversified since its emergence. Traditional homogeneous computing architecture generally could not meet various computational needs for processing neural network models. To meet ever-growing needs for computing power and diversity and for better execution efficiency, various types of heterogeneous computing devices or accelerators for machine learning or deep learning have been developed. A heterogeneous platform including various accelerators that may not have equal processing performance has been used for machine learning applications. Therefore, how to assign computational tasks on various accelerators in a heterogeneous platform has been noted as important issues to improve neural network system's efficiency and overall performance.

Computation graph mapping in heterogeneous computer system


A zoom lens includes, in order from an object side to an image side, first to fourth lens units having positive, negative, positive and positive refractive powers, respectively. The intervals between adjacent lens units vary during zooming. The first lens is disposed nearer to an object at the telephoto end than at the wide angle end. Each of the first lens unit to the fourth lens unit includes at least one negative lens. The lens total length Lt, the focal length ft, the mean value N2an of the refractive indices of materials of negative lenses of the second lens unit, the mean value NAan of the refractive indices of materials of the negative lenses included in the entire system, and the mean value NAap of the refractive indices of materials of the positive lenses included in the entire system are appropriately configured.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a zoom lens and an image pickup device including the same, and is, for instance, suitable for an image pickup optical system of a video camera, a digital still camera, a TV camera, a monitoring camera, or a silver halide photographic camera.
2. Description of the Related Art
An image pickup optical system adopted in an image pickup device is required to have a high zoom ratio and be a small zoom lens. The system is also required to be a retractable zoom lens that contracts the intervals between lens units in a non-imaging state so as to be different from intervals in an imaging state, and allow the thickness of the image pickup device to be reduced. U.S. Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011/0234882 and U.S. Pat. No. 7,738,181 disclose four-unit zoom lenses that include, in order from an object side to an image side: a first lens unit having a positive refractive power; a second lens unit having a negative refractive power; a third lens unit having a positive refractive power; and a fourth lens unit having a positive refractive power.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,978,089 discloses a zoom lens that retracts a part of lens units away from the optical axis in a retracted state so as to reduce the thickness of the entire device during a non-imaging state.

Zoom lens and image pickup device including the same


A mounting assembly for a night vision system is provided which allows the night vision system to be easily and rapidly switched from one eye to the next. The night vision system has an optical portion, and a control housing affixed to the optical portion. The control housing has a first and a second mounting plate. The mounting assembly has a first and a second carriage, and each of the carriages are configured to receive a selected one of the mounting plates. The mounting assembly can then be secured to either a face mask worn by the operator, or a helmet worn by the operator. The position of the carriages can be adjusted to compensate for the inter-pupillary distance and elevation relative a normal line of sight of an operator's eyes. The carriages are carried by a threaded rod having two portions threaded in opposite directions, so that rotation of the knob moves the carriages either closer together or further apart, as desired. The carriages also pivot against a pivot rod to selectively alter the carriage's elevation.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a night vision system, and more particularly to a dual mounting assembly for a night vision system usable in either a helmet-mounted or a face mask-mounted configuration.
2. Description of Related Art
Night vision systems are commonly used by military and law enforcement personnel for conducting operations in low light or night conditions. Night vision systems are also used to assist pilots of helicopters or airplanes in flying at night. Such night vision systems either take the form of binoculars, having separate eyepieces for each eye, or monoculars, having only a single eyepiece.
A night vision system intensifies the ambient light to produce an image. These systems require some residual light, such as moonlight or starlight, in which to operate. The ambient light is intensified by the night vision system to produce an output image which is visible to the human eye. The present generation of night vision systems utilize image intensification technologies to intensify the low level of visible light and also make visible the light from the infrared spectrum. The image intensification process involves conversion of the received ambient light into electron patterns and projection of the electron patterns onto a phosphor screen for conversion of the electron patterns into light visible to the observer. This visible light is then viewed by the operator through a lens provided in the eyepiece of the system.
It is common for operators of night vision systems to desire hands-free operation, in which binocular or monocular systems can be mounted to a mask worn on the operator's face. The typical face mask mounting assembly comprises a bar or rod having a plurality of cushion plates attached thereto. The bar would partially encircle the operator's face, and the cushion plates would press against specific points on the face, such as the cheeks and the forehead. The bar is held to the face by use of a strap which wraps around the head and connects to the bar at two places. At the center of the forehead portion of the bar, a mount is provided which would engage the binocular or monocular system.
Face mask mounting is not always desirable, since the mask interferes with the wearing of a helmet. If an operator intends to wear a standard ballistic helmet, the mask must be first adjusted to the operator's face prior to putting the helmet on. The operator first adjusts the mask for alignment of the night vision system with the eyes and then tightens the mask so that it remains in the adjusted position. When the helmet is put on the operator's head, the bulk and weight of the helmet frequently interferes with the upper portion of the face mask. This forces the mask downward relative the operator's face, knocking the night vision system out of alignment with the operator's eyes. The operator must then readjust the mask to accommodate the weight and bulk of the helmet. Alternatively, the operator can readjust the helmet so that it rides higher on the head, and does not interfere with the mask. However, this usage of the helmet is dangerous for the operator, since it removes the temples, forehead and back of the head from protection by the helmet.
If the operator is wearing a monocular system, it is often necessary to switch the monocular from eye to eye. To accommodate this, one type of prior art mounting assembly utilizes a pivoting system in which the monocular is pivoted from the left eye position to the right eye position. A significant problem with this configuration is that it is time-consuming to move the monocular from one eye to the next. The monocular must be readjusted in the new position to accommodate the precise position of the operator's eye. The distance between an operator's eyes, known as the inter-pupillary distance (IPD), varies with each person. In addition, the angle formed between the operator's head and the normal line of sight of the operator's eyes, known as elevation, also tends to vary slightly with each person. Both of these dimensions must be carefully adjusted so that the operator can comfortably use the monocular system. While the time required to make the configuration change and adjustment may be slight, it could mean the difference between life and death of an operator.
Monoculars which attach to center located mounting assemblies have the additional problem of interfering with the operator's use of the unaided eye. For example, it is increasingly common for operators to use externally mounted night vision monoculars, such as provided on a weapon, in addition to the face mask mounted monocular. The operator would typically use the face mask mounted monocular for one eye, and the weapon mounted monocular for the second or unaided eye. In this configuration, a high power, or telescopic lens would typically be used on the weapon, and a unitary power lens used on the face mask mounted system. If the center mounted night vision monocular obstructs too large a portion of the operator's face, or extends too far in the direction of the unaided eye, the operator would be unable to use the weapon mounted monocular.
Another type of prior art mounting assembly avoids using a center mounting assembly by providing a horizontal bar mounted to the front of a face mask above the operator's eyes, to which a night vision monocular is attached. A locking screw holds the monocular in a position on the bar. The operator slides the monocular along the bar to move it from proximity with one eye to the second eye. This presents the same problem to the operator as experienced with the pivoting center mount, since each time the position of the monocular is changed, the operator must recalibrate the new position with his eye's IPD and elevation to effectively use the monocular.
Another problem with each of these mounting assemblies is that they can typically accommodate only the use of an individual type of night vision system. If an operator is utilizing a monocular system with a single eye, and wishes to change to dual eye or binocular usage, the operator must remove the monocular system and replace it with a binocular type system. It would not be possible to use two monocular systems simultaneously since there is only a single mounting assembly. As described above, replacement of a first type with a second type would generally require a readjustment of the mounting assembly for alignment of the replacement night vision system with the operator's eyes. It also requires the operator to have available both a binocular and a monocular night vision system.
An additional problem experienced by operators of night vision systems is the temporary storage of the night vision system when it is not in use. When removed from the mounting assembly, it is common for night vision monoculars or binoculars to be either stowed in a pocket or pouch, or suspended from a lanyard which hangs from the operator's neck. However, certain circumstances render it difficult for an operator to quickly locate the device and install it in its operational position on the mounting assembly. For example, if the operator is in a crouched or reclined position, such as during reconnaissance, the operator may not be able to retrieve the device without altering the position or making unnecessary or extraneous movements. Moreover, since a soldier's available storage space is so limited, it would be advantageous to provide alternative stowing methods for such night vision equipment.
Thus, it would be desirable to provide a night vision system which could be easily and rapidly switched between an operator's eyes. It would be further desirable to provide a mounting assembly for a binocular or monocular to be used in conjunction with either the wearing of a helmet, or in association with a face mask. It would also be desirable to provide a mounting assembly for a night vision monocular which enables rapid and accurate readjustment to accommodate an operator's individual IPD and elevation. It would also be desirable to provide a mounting assembly for a night vision monocular which leaves sufficient clearance for the simultaneous use of an externally provided night vision monocular with the unaided eye. It would also be desirable to provide a mounting assembly for a night vision system enabling the simultaneous usage of two monocular systems to simulate a binocular effect. It would also be desirable to provide a mounting assembly for a night vision system which enables the monocular to be temporarily stored when not in use.

Dual mounting assembly for night vision system


Toners comprised of a cyan toner, a magenta toner, a yellow toner, an orange toner, or a red toner, and a black toner, each of said toners being comprised of resin and pigment; and wherein the pigment for the orange toner is Orange 13, Cl 21110, Orange 34, Cl 21115, Orange 5, Cl 12075, Orange 16, Cl 21160, Orange 36, Cl 11780, Orange 46, Cl 15602, Orange 67, or Orange 69, and wherein the pigment for the red toner is Red 53:1, Cl 15585, Red 48:1, Cl 15865:1, Red 122, Cl 12370, or Red 254; and wherein said pigment for each toner is prepared by flushing said wet pigment, wherein a cyan, magenta, orange, or red and yellow pigment water wet cake is mixed with toner resin, and the water is substantially removed to generate pigmented resin, or wherein said pigment for each toner is prepared by dispersing said pigment with a polymeric alcohol.

The present inventions are generally directed to the use of five process color toners, and developer compositions thereof, and more specifically, the present invention is directed to developer and toner compositions with certain pigments, or mixtures thereof, wherein full color and HiFi, where true process colors are selected, developed images with excellent resolution can be obtained, and wherein high quality pigment dispersions are generated by flushing the pigments or by the use of dispersing agents during processing. In embodiments, the toners of the present invention contain flushed pigments, and wherein there is selected a wet pigment, or wet cake for each colored toner followed by heating to melt the resin or render it molten and thereafter shearing, and wherein water is removed or substantially removed from the pigment and there is generated in embodiments a polymer phase around the pigment enabling, for example, substantial, partial passivation of the pigment. A solvent can be added to the product obtained to provide a high quality dispersion of pigment and resin, and wherein the pigment is present in an amount of from about 25 to about 50, and preferably from about 30 to about 40 weight percent. Subsequently, the product obtained is mixed with a toner resin, which resin can be similar, or dissimilar than the resin mixed with the wet pigment, to provide a toner comprised of resin and pigment, and wherein in embodiments the pigment is present in an amount of from about 2 to about 20, and preferably from about 2 to about 15 weight percent based on the weight of the toner components of resin and pigment. In embodiments, there is formed one toner with five different pigments, or five toners with different pigments. There is provided in accordance with the present invention five colored toners with the colored pigment dispersed to a high quality state. The quality of the pigment dispersion as measured by Projection Efficiency is preferably between 70 percent and 98 percent as indicated herein. With the present invention, there is enabled a combination of toners with a large color gamut, especially in reflection developed images and with transparencies, and wherein with transparencies a substantial amount of scattered light, and embodiments most of the scattered light is eliminated allowing, for example, about 70 to about 98 percent (high quality pigment dispersion) of the transmitted light passing through a fused image on a transparency to reach the screen from an overhead projector. The toner and developer compositions of the present invention can be selected for electrophotographic, especially known xerographic imaging and printing processes, and more especially, full color processes.
Of importance with respect to the present invention in embodiments are the economical and environmentally friendly pigments, or mixtures of pigments selected for each toner, and the combination set, or gamut of toners, such as the cyan toner, the magenta toner, the orange or red toner, the yellow toner, and the black toner, as it is with these pigments that there is enabled the advantages of the present invention illustrated herein and including excellent stable triboelectric characteristics, acceptable stable admix properties, superior color resolution, the capability of obtaining any colors desired, that is a full color gamut, for example thousands of different colors and different developed color images, substantial toner insensitivity to relative humidity, toners that are not substantially adversely affected by environmental changes of temperature, humidity, and the like, the provision of separate toners, such as black, cyan, magenta, orange or red, and yellow toners, and mixtures thereof with the advantages illustrated herein, and which toners can be selected for the multicolor development of electrostatic images. The specific selection of colored toners together with having the pigments exceptionally well and substantially dispersed, and the image fused so that the image surface is smooth enables a large color gamut which assures that thousands of colors can be produced. The toner compositions of the present invention usually contain surface additives and may also contain charge additives, waxes, such as polypropylene, polyhydroxy compounds, such as the UNILINS.RTM. available from Petrolite Chemicals.
In embodiments of the present invention there are provided HiFi color processes wherein the color gamut refers to a range of colors that an imaging system can generate. One way of quantifying the color gamut is in terms of the number of pantone colors that the imaging device can produce. For example, there are about 1,000 standard pantone colors used in the graphic arts and about half of them can be produced by a typical four-color printing process, however, the remainder are outside of its color gamut. The specific HiFi toners and methods of the present invention in embodiments thereof involve the use of one or more additional process colors, such as orange or red, in addition to the usual cyan, magenta, yellow and black process colors. In HiFi color, the additional colors used are true process colors. In the image processing stage, the image is screened into the process color separations which are printed over each other. All possible mixtures (overprints) of the process colors can exist in the image. Thus, this method can produce all of the image colors that are between the 4-color gamut and the additional process color, such as orange. In contrast, in graphics arts pantone colors are traditionally printed by highlight color methods (four process colors plus a spot color). This requires hundreds of spot color inks. When pantone colors by the HiFi color method are generated in accordance with embodiments of the present invention, each additional process color, preferably orange, can produce many pantone colors by combinations with the other process colors. Thus, a single HiFi process color, such as red or orange, can generate up to 70 additional pantone colors.
Combination or set refers, in embodiments of the present invention, to separate toners that are not mixed together, rather each toner exists as a separate composition and each toner is incorporated into separate housings containing carrier in a xerographic machine, such as the Xerox Corporation 5775. For example, the cyan toner is present in one developer housing, the magenta toner is present in a second separate developer housing, the yellow toner is present in a third separate developer housing, the black toner is present in a fourth separate developer housing, and the orange or red toner is present in a fifth separate developer housing; and wherein each developer housing includes therein carrier particles such as those particles comprised of a core with a coating thereover.
Certain toner and developer compositions are known, including toners with specific pigments, such as magenta pigments like 2,9-dimethyl-substituted quinacridone and anthraquinone dye identified in the Color Index as Cl 60710, Cl Dispersed Red 15, diazo dye identified in the Color Index as Cl 26050, Cl Solvent Red 19; cyan pigments such as copper tetra-4-(octadecyl sulfonamido) phthalocyanine, X-copper phthalocyanine pigment listed in the Color Index as Cl 74160, Cl Pigment Blue, and Anthrathrene Blue, identified in the Color Index as Cl 69810, Special Blue X-2137; yellow pigments such as diarylide yellow 3,3-dichlorobenzidene acetoacetanilides, a monoazo pigment identified in the Color Index as Cl 12700, Cl Solvent Yellow 16, a nitrophenyl amine sulfonamide identified in the Color Index as Foron Yellow SE/GLN, Cl Dispersed Yellow 33, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-sulfonanilide phenylazo-4'-chloro-2,5-dimethoxy acetoacetanilide, and Permanent Yellow FGL; and black pigments such as REGAL 330.RTM. carbon black. Moreover, toners with certain colored pigments are illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,262,264, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference.
Developer compositions with charge enhancing additives, which impart a positive charge to the toner resin, are also known. Thus, for example, there is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,893,935 the use of quaternary ammonium salts as charge control agents for electrostatic toner compositions; U.S. Pat. No. 4,221,856 discloses electrophotographic toners containing resin compatible quaternary ammonium compounds in which at least two R radicals are hydrocarbons having from 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, and each other R is a hydrogen or hydrocarbon radical with from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and A is an anion, for example sulfate, sulfonate, nitrate, borate, chlorate, and the halogens such as iodide, chloride and bromide; and similar teachings are presented in U.S. Pat. No. 4,291,112 wherein A is an anion including, for example, sulfate, sulfonate, nitrate, borate, chlorate, and the halogens. There are also described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,986,521 reversal developer compositions comprised of toner resin particles coated with finely divided colloidal silica. According to the disclosure of this patent, the development of electrostatic latent images on negatively charged surfaces is accomplished by applying a developer composition having a positively charged triboelectric relationship with respect to the colloidal silica.
Further, there are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,338,390, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, developer compositions containing as charge enhancing additives organic sulfate and sulfonates, which additives can impart a positive charge to the toner composition. Moreover, there are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,298,672, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, positively charged toner compositions with resin particles and pigment particles, and as charge enhancing additives alkyl pyridinium compounds. Additionally, other patents disclosing positively charged toner compositions with charge control additives include U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,944,493; 4,007,293; 4,079,014; 4,394,430 and 4,560,635, which illustrates a toner with a distearyl dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate charge additive.
Moreover, toner compositions with negative charge enhancing additives are known, reference for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,411,974 and 4,206,064, the disclosures of which are totally incorporated herein by reference. The '974 patent discloses negatively charged toner compositions comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, and as a charge enhancing additive ortho-halo phenyl carboxylic acids. Similarly, there are disclosed in the '064 patent toner compositions with chromium, cobalt, and nickel complexes of salicylic acid as negative charge enhancing additives.
There is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,404,271 a complex system for developing electrostatic images with a toner which contains a metal complex represented by the formula in column 2, for example, and wherein ME can be chromium, cobalt or iron. Additionally, other patents disclosing various metal containing azo dyestuff structures wherein the metal is chromium or cobalt include 2,891,939; 2,871,233; 2,891,938; 2,933,489; 4,053,462 and 4,314,937. Also, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,433,040, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, there are illustrated toner compositions with chromium and cobalt complexes of azo dyes as negative charge enhancing additives. Further, of interest are U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,262,264 and 5,437,949, the disclosures of which are totally incorporated herein by reference.

Colored toner and developer compositions


A method for detecting defects in a thinned die, the method may include inspecting the thinned die with a two-dimensional inspection module, to find suspected defects that appear as non-reflecting regions that fulfill a size condition; measuring, using a depth measurement module, a depth of the suspected defects; and defining a suspected defects as a defects when the depth parameter exceeds a depth threshold.

As mobile phones and other handheld devices continue to be a key driver of semiconductor innovation, chips often go into systems that demand a small footprint and minimum height. Since wiring dimensions of a chip are much smaller than that on a board, a chip cannot be mounted directly on a board.
Instead, a substrate is typically used to spread and map the wiring between the chip and the board. With multiple chips, a larger substrate or even multiple substrates are needed, as in the current 2.5-D integrated packaging, or three dimensional integrated circuit (3-D-IC) packaging. On the other hand, new chip packages such as InFO (meaning, Integrated Fan-Out) wafer-level packaging allows chip(s) (in the form of a die) to be mounted directly on a circuit board using wafer molding and metal. This eliminates the substrate and therefore reduces the height of the mounted chip.
In addition, multiple dies can be packaged together in one InFO package without the use of a traditional substrate between the dies and the printed circuit board (PCB) that the package is mounted on. This reduces not only the height, the footprint as well—allowing mobile devices to be thinner, lighter and more cost-effective.
According to some die producers, such new packaging technology offers up to twenty percent reduction in package thickness, a twenty percent speed gain and ten percent better power dissipation. Compared to other solutions, the much smaller footprint and cost structure of the InFO wafer-level packaging technology makes it an attractive option for mobile, consumer, automotive and internet of things (IoT) applications.
InFO technology is based on a wafer molding and fine pitch (5/5 um) metal process without substrate and this enables reduces thickness, optimized performance and lower costs for mobile computing programs.
For any package technology, integrity, reliability and cost are three major vectors that need to be optimized. Optimizing and ensuring the integrity and reliability of a chip (at a die-level) in the context of its respective package, board and system is very complex, even for the brightest engineers using most advanced AOI systems, especially when the chip uses advanced process nodes. The same analyses become even more complex when multiple dies are used as in a 2.5-D or 3-D-IC package such as InFO. The same is true when ensuring chip-aware system-level integrity and reliability.
The newer the process technology, the higher the opportunity for failure, and even greater is the cost of design mistakes. Failure of the chip may cost tens of millions of dollars. New rules, parameters and requirements for the seven nanometers process must be applied. Therefore, effective inspection of the new packages is required.

Detection of pits using an automatic optical inspection system


A DRAM and its application to a mobile telephony circuit with a control circuit including a first refreshment controller controlled by a first clock signal and a second refreshment controller controlled by a second clock signal having a frequency less than that of the first one and used to synchronize events of the GSM network.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to dynamic memories (DRAMs) which are volatile memories requiring refreshment of the cells to maintain the information that they contain. The present invention more specifically applies to battery-supplied mobile systems, for example, cell phones or cellular terminals of 3G/EGPRS/GSM type.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
DRAMs are generally formed of an array of memory cells with which are associated addressing and input/output circuits as well as a refreshment circuit. The refreshment circuit is used to periodically address all the memory cells to preserve the information that they contain.
In a cell phone application, such DRAMs are generally used in circuits (screen, camera, GSM—A-GPS assisted satellite position finding system, . . . ) peripheral to the basic telephony circuit (modem).
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a conventional embodiment of a simplified architecture of the digital circuits of a GSM-type cell phone. For simplification, only the digital circuits have been shown, although the telephone of course comprises radio-frequency transceiver circuits to communicate with the GSM network and its stations.
The main element of the telephone is a digital baseband processor (DBP) circuit 1 forming the telephony circuit and comprising the modulation-demodulation elements necessary for communications with the GSM network. Inside of the telephone, circuit 1 is connected by one or several data exchange, address, and control and supply signal buses 2 to the other mobile phone elements. Among the circuits connected to buses 2, there is a power management circuit 3 (PW), application circuits 8 (CAMERA), for example, for a video or photographic camera, satellite position finding circuits 9 (A-GPS), a unit 10 (for example, an arithmetical and logic unit—UART) of asynchronous communication with the outside (for example, with a PC), and different memories, for example, a non-volatile memory (ROM), a DRAM 5, a flash-type memory 6 (FLASH), and a SRAM 7. Other components are present in the telephone, especially to manage the elements of keyboard type, etc.
The present invention more specifically applies to circuit 1 forming the telephony circuit which, unlike the other application circuits contained in the telephone, must keep on operating in stand-by mode of the mobile phone, especially to periodically communicate with the GSM network and be woken up on reception of an incoming call.
FIG. 2 very schematically shows in the form of blocks an example of a conventional architecture of telephony circuit 1 of a GSM terminal. All the elements illustrated in FIG. 2 are integrated on a same chip.
Circuit 1 essentially comprises:
an external memory controller 11 for communicating with bus 2;
a microprocessor 12 (ARM926EJ-S Core) associated with two cache memory elements 13 (I Cache) and 14 (D Cache);
a circuit 15 (ARM peripherals and Modem) containing peripherals of the microprocessor as well as a modem for communicating with analog radio-frequency transceiver circuits (not shown);
a SRAM 18;
a boot ROM; and
an internal bus system 16 (AMBA bus system) dedicated to microprocessor 12 and to which are especially connected circuits 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, and 18.
Most often, a telephony circuit also comprises:
a signal processor (DSP) 21 (ST122 Core) associated with an SRAM-type data memory 22;
a program memory extension circuit 23 comprising a ROM circuit 24 (Program ROM) for containing programs dedicated to processor 21, an SRAM circuit 25 (Patch RAM) for containing updates of these programs during the circuit lifetime, and a cache memory circuit 26 dedicated to processor 21; and
a bus management system 20 (DSP bus system) to which are connected the circuits dedicated to processor 21 and which is itself connected to main bus 16.
For simplification, the different connections between the elements inside of circuit 1 have not been shown and only the connection to buses 2 from controller 11 has been illustrated.
The operation of such a telephony circuit is known and does not need to be further detailed for the discussion of the present invention.
Conventional telephony circuits suffer from several disadvantages linked to the used memory circuits. In particular, on the side of signal processor 21, the use of a ROM 24 to contain the programs adversely affects the flexibility of the signal processor and the necessary updates of its content.
It has already been devised to replace this memory with flash memory, but flash memories have the disadvantage of not being programmable on the fly, that is, by communications with the GSM network to modify applications in the telephone lifetime.
As for SRAMs, they pose problems of size and power consumption during their operation. It is accordingly conventionally attempted to minimize the size of circuits 18 and 25 which are SRAMs.
The use of SRAMs or ROMs is linked to their non-volatile character generating no power consumption to keep the information in stand-by periods of the telephone.
On the size of microprocessor 12, the presence of an SRAM circuit 18 adversely affects the system size and power consumption.
Further, the capacities of the memories required by mobile phones and more generally GSM terminals become greater and greater. This capacity increase conventionally performed by means of SRAMs is not desirable.
Such problems are essentially present for telephony circuit 1. Indeed, the other GSM terminal circuits are less sensitive since they are not active in stand-by periods of the telephone.
The use of DRAMs would be a solution. However, such memories are volatile and require permanent refreshment to preserve the information that they contain. They thus have been discarded up to now due to the large power consumption required by such a refreshment.
FIG. 3 schematically shows in the form of blocks an example of a conventional architecture of a DRAM circuit 40. Such a circuit essentially comprises an array network 41 (MEM ARRAY) of memory cells connected by input/output circuits 42 (I/O DRIVERS) to an input data bus 43 (DATA IN) and to an output data bus 44 (DATA OUT). Circuit 40 comprises a address bus input 45 (ADD) connected, by a selection multiplexer 55, to a control interface 46 (CTRL INTERF). A second input of the multiplexer receives addresses automatically generated by a refreshment controller 48 (NRC) periodically generating all the addresses of network 41 to preserve the information that they contain. Circuit 48 receives a clock signal CKIN from the outside of circuit 40 which is also directly sent to control interface 46. Selector 55 is controlled by a signal originating from a control circuit not shown of the memory. Interface 46 provides addresses to an address decoder 47 (ADD ROW DEC) for selecting the addressed memory cells in network 41 and to a precharge of the bit lines. Finally, circuit 40 integrates a linear regulator 49 receiving a supply voltage Vdd from the outside and providing a regulated supply voltage Vc, among others, to one of the electrodes (in practice, the common electrode) of all the capacitive elements of network 41. For simplification, FIG. 4 only shows the elements and connections useful for the refreshment. Memory 40 of course comprises other circuits used for the data transfer and the user mode as well as a general control circuit. Further, circuit 40 may exchange other signals with the outside, for example, over a control bus.
The architecture of FIG. 4 for example corresponds to that of memory 5 (FIG. 1).
The integration of a memory such as illustrated in FIG. 3 in a telephony circuit is incompatible with the low power consumption needs of this circuit in standby period.
Indeed, when the mobile phone is at standby, the telephone processor only operates with limited functions and under a reduced supply voltage. These limited functions especially are the periodic interrogation of the base stations of the GSM network to detect a possible incoming call as well as a circuit waking function by the user himself. At standby, the internal circuits of generation of a high-frequency clock (several tens of MHz) for the operation of the processors and the refreshment of the DRAMs (signal CKIN) are deactivated.
Now, the memory cell refreshment requires on the one hand a clock frequency and on the other hand a sufficient supply voltage. The greater the memory capacity, the higher the clock frequency must be to enable a refreshment compatible with the cell retention capacity. Typically, the retention time of a DRAM is of several tens of milliseconds.
Another difficulty is that the supply voltage provided to the telephony circuit is different in the standby mode and in the active mode. Typically, in GSM-type telephony circuits, this voltage falls from on the order of 1.2 volt in operation to approximately 0.95 volt at standby.
Such constraints result in that conventional DRAMs are unadapted.


A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes an exhaust gas recirculation unit; an intercooler that is provided in the intake passage, at a position downstream of a position to which the exhaust gas is recirculated back; a bypass passage through which an intake air flow bypasses the intercooler. When it is determined that the pH of the condensed water obtained from the exhaust gas is at the level at which the intercooler corrodes in the state where the exhaust gas is recirculated back by the exhaust gas recirculation unit, the control apparatus executes a control for cutting off an intake air flow toward the intercooler to direct the intake air flow only to the bypass passage. Thus, it is possible to ensure reliability of the intercooler.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a control apparatus for an internal combustion engine, which includes an exhaust gas recirculation passage through which exhaust gas is recirculated back from an exhaust passage to an intake passage, and a method for controlling the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
There has been suggested an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system for an internal combustion engine, for example, a diesel engine. The exhaust gas recirculation system recirculates a portion of exhaust gas back from an exhaust passage to an intake passage to decrease the combustion temperature in the engine, thereby suppressing generation of NOx. For example, an EGR system that recirculates exhaust gas back to an intake system from an exhaust passage at a portion downstream of a catalyst (hereinafter, referred to as a "low-pressure loop EGR system") has been suggested. Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-146919 (JP-A-2005-146919) describes a technology related to a low-pressure loop EGR system. According to the technology, a control for supplying gas into a passage, through which a gas flow bypasses an intercooler, is executed during the transitional state, whereby the amount of exhaust gas contained in the gas taken into a combustion chamber is promptly adjusted to a desired amount. According to this technology, the bypass passage passes close by the engine.
However, the technology described in JP-A-2005-146919 has a disadvantage that the intercooler may corrode if the condensed water, which is obtained from the exhaust gas and recirculated by the low-pressure EGR system, is supplied to the intercooler. Such corrosion may occur if strongly acidic condensed water is supplied to the intercooler.

Control apparatus for internal combustion engine and method for controlling the same


A cistern outlet valve mounting bracket assembly (10). The assembly includes first and second bracket members (12, 14) adapted for positioning about an outlet valve (20) in engagement with each other and the valve (20). The members (12, 14) also have means (28, 32) to allow fixing of the engaged members (12, 14) to a cistern (38). A method of installing an outlet valve (20) in a cistern (38) is also disclosed.

Outlet valves must be installed in cisterns in such a manner as to allow their removal for service and repair. In a toilet suite that has a separate cistern and pan, the outlet valve has a threaded tail which passes through an opening in the bottom of the cistern and is fastened thereto by an external nut. A seal is placed in the potential leak path between the cistern interior and the valve. When the nut is unscrewed from the tail, the outlet valve can be removed from the cistern.
In a one piece toilet suite the underside of the cistern is concealed by a shroud that extends from the cistern to the pan. The shroud makes access to the underside of the cistern very difficult, particularly after the suite has been grouted to a bathroom floor.
One known arrangement which avoids having to access the underside of the cistern to remove the outlet valve uses the previously described nut to instead clamp a stainless steel mounting plate to the valve tail, with a seal therebetween. A second seal is then placed on the underside of the mounting plate. The mounting plate, and thus the outlet valve, is then fixed to the cistern via two captive bolts in the base of the cistern that pass through holes in the mounting plate.
This known arrangement has several disadvantages. Firstly, an additional potential leak path is introduced at the second seal between the mounting plate and the cistern. Secondly, the stainless steel plate is expensive to manufacture and time consuming to install. Thirdly, the addition of the mounting plate and the second seal increases the overall height of the outlet valve, which can limit the range of cisterns to which it may be fitted.

Cistern outlet valve mounting bracket assembly and a method of installing an outlet valve in cistern


A portable unitary kit for dental care comprises a toothbrush having a handle provided with a hollow interior for storing toothpaste, a brush head which communicates with the hollow interior, a device for impelling toothpaste from the hollow interior to the brush head, and a cover for the brush head including a compartment containing dental floss and from which a desired length of the floss is withdrawable through an opening.

This invention relates to a portable and personal unit for complete dental cleaning and, more specifically, to a toothbrush which incorporates in its structure toothpaste supply and dental floss supply.
There is not in the market, at present, a device that provides by itself, in a combined manner, a toothbrush, toothpaste and dental floss, which are necessary for buccal hygiene. At this time, toothpaste is sold either in collapsible tubes or in rigid propulsion or mechanical delivery containers but always separately and independently from a toothbrush.
The same thing can be said regarding dental floss which is sold to consumers in spools, tubes or other containers, totally independent from both the toothbrush and the toothpaste.
This is the reason why care of the teeth and gums has been restricted essentially to an operation carried out almost exclusively at home, people neglecting buccal hygiene when not at home. Therefore, when travelling or during a long absence from home one has to do without a thorough dental cleaning or one has to go to the trouble to get a tube of toothpaste, a toothbrush and a supply of dental floss, three different items which are uncomfortable and burdensome to carry.
Buccal hygiene at schools and other places is also a great problem, in view of the fact that it is difficult for a child to carry among his various school articles the aforementioned three different elements, which are easily lost and uncomfortable to carry.
To date dental hygiene implies that both the toothpaste and the dental floss are not personalized and exclusive articles. Several persons at home, work place, school, etc., obtain the toothpaste from the same tube or dispenser. When the toothpaste is placed on the toothbrush, it necessarily touches the brush bristles. If the toothbrush is contaminated with some illnesses which are transmitted through the blood (such as AIDS and hepatitis B), or the saliva or other means (air or dust), the toothpaste which appears at the mouth of the tube or dispenser could get contaminated and, in turn, transmit the illness to the following user.
A similar thing could happen with the dental floss dispenser: when one cuts the needed portion, the remaining tip could get contaminated and infect the next user.
It is, therefore, a principal object of this invention to provide a practical unit combining in a single device the three essential elements of dental care: toothbrush, toothpaste and dental floss.
Another main object of this invention is to provide a compact unit for dental care that can be easily carried anywhere.
Likewise, the invention avoids the transmission of diseases caused by the shared use of the toothpaste and dental floss among several users.

c/o Kinio Ltda., Calle 81 No. 12-44 OF.503


A front engine attachment system for an engine of an aircraft, the front engine attachment system having an engine pylon having, in its front part, a frontal part having an attachment wall that has a front face, and a front engine attachment having a beam that is fixed against the front face and to which is fixed, on either side of a median plane, a rod system, wherein each rod system is fixed to the beam in an articulated manner by at least one first connection point, and is configured to be fixed to a front part of the engine in an articulated manner by at least one second connection point. Such a front engine attachment system thus has rod systems having two rods, allowing the shape of the rods and the shape of the beam to be simplified.

An aircraft conventionally has at least one engine, in particular a jet engine. Beneath each wing, and for each engine, the aircraft has an engine pylon that is fixed to the structure of the wing and that extends below the wing, and the engine is suspended beneath the engine pylon.
The engine is fixed to the engine pylon by way of an engine attachment system comprising a front engine attachment and a rear engine attachment.
The front engine attachment has, for example, a beam that is fixed to a front face of the engine pylon and two rods that are fixed between the beam and a front casing of the engine. Each rod is equipped with ball joints that are made up of two cut off and paired balls.
Each rod and the beam define in combination a primary load path between the engine and the engine pylon, so as to withstand the loads of the engine under normal operating conditions of the engine.
Such a beam is a solid component, obtained by machining a component obtained by forging. The method for obtaining this beam is relatively long and complex.
Although such a beam is satisfactory from the point of view of its use, it is necessary to find a different architecture so as to make its manufacture and implementation easier.
The documents US-A-2014/183298, EP-A2 754 612, EP-A-1 281 615 and WO-A-93/11041 discloses attachment systems of the state of the art.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Front engine attachment system for an aircraft engine, having rod systems with two rods


A wire roll stand with roll rings mounted in a cantilevered manner onto roll shafts, wherein the roll rings can be axially clamped through spacer rings against an end of the respective roll shaft. The roll shafts are adjustable by eccentric bushings mounted in a housing and the eccentric bushings as well as the roll shafts are sealed relative to walls of the housings. The housing wall through which the roll shafts extend is equipped with openings which take into consideration the adjusting range of the roll shafts, wherein the openings are fixedly lined with sealing rings having a U-shaped profile. The spacer rings have a U-shaped profile and are composed of at least two parts with separating surfaces thereof extending within the profile yokes, wherein the sides of the spacer rings rest on the sides of the sealing rings within the adjusting range. The housing wall through which the roll shafts extend has blind-end bores for supplying pressurized water, wherein the blind-end bores are provided with outlet openings directed toward the sides of the sealing rings facing the roll.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a wire roll stand with roll rings mounted in a cantilevered manner onto roll shafts, wherein the roll rings can be axially clamped through spacer rings against an end of the respective roll shaft, wherein the roll shafts are adjustable by means of eccentric bushings mounted in a housing, and wherein the eccentric bushings as well as the roll shafts are sealed relative to walls of the housings.
2. Description of the Related Art
In addition to the seals for the roll shafts, wire roll stands of the above-described type also have seals for the eccentric bushings. These seals have the purpose of separating the oil-lubricated drive side of the roll shafts from the water-cooled roll side of the roll shaft in such a way that the cooling water which frequently contains sinter cannot reach the oil circulation and oil cannot reach the rolling stock.
However, it has been found that the service life of the seals is not satisfactory because, on the sides of the seals facing the rolls, the water used for cooling the roll frequently contains rolling sinter. The rolling sinter is deposited under the sealing lips of the seals and causes a non-uniform contact pressure and a non-uniform wear, so that the sealing effect is negatively influenced and a premature failure of the seal may occur. When the seals are defective, the sinter contained in the cooling water may reach the oil circulation for the roll shaft and may cause the bearings of the roll shafts to be destroyed. Conversely, the oil may reach the roll rings, so that the quality of the rolling stock may be negatively influenced. In addition, the seals are easily overheated, so that the service life of the seals is significantly reduced.


An apparatus for measuring a tension (T) of a belt in a spanned state includes a vibration detector (1A) for detecting a vibration of the belt, a vibration frequency arithmetic unit (2A) for arithmetically determining a vibration frequency on the basis of the vibration as detected, and a tester (3) equipped with a display device (35). The tester (3) includes an information processor (32) for arithmetically determining a tension (T) of the belt on the basis of the vibration frequency supplied from the vibration frequency arithmetic unit (2A) and information about the belt read out from a storage medium (9), and the display device (35) for displaying the result of the arithmetic operation performed by the information processing means. The storage medium (9) is constituted by an external memory unit capable of being detachably connected to the tester (3). The tension measuring apparatus can profitably be used for detection of a tension (T) of a belt of a belt transmission mechanism employed in a motor vehicle with high accuracy and flexibility.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a belt tension measuring apparatus for measuring a tension of a belt spanned under tension. More particularly, the invention is concerned with a belt tension measuring apparatus for measuring tension of a belt employed in a power transmission mechanism such as a belt spanned under tension between pulleys of a belt/pulley transmission mechanism of an internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle, although the invention can find other applications.
2. Description of Related Art
For having better understanding of the present invention, description will first be made in some detail of the background techniques thereof. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for illustrating a conventional method known heretofore for measuring a tension of a belt constituting a part of a power transmission mechanism of an internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle. Referring to the figure, a belt 43 is spanned over and around pulleys 42a, 42b and 42c. For measuring a tension of the belt 43, the belt 43 is pushed downwardly under a predetermined pressure applied by means of a pressure gauge (or manometer) 44 disposed so as to bear against the belt 43 at a predetermined position thereof, whereby the belt 43 is deflected downwardly by a predetermined distance or deflection .DELTA.L. The pressure P.sub.1 applied to the belt 43 at that time point is measured by using the pressure gauge 44 itself.
Now, the belt tension measuring method will be elucidated. It is practically impossible to measure straightforwardly or directly the tension of the belt in the state spanned between and around the pulleys 42a and 42b. Accordingly, in order to measure the tension of the belt 43 spanning the pulleys 42a and 42b, the pressure gauge 44 is pressed against the belt 43 approximately at a mid or center position thereof under a preset pressure to thereby deflect the belt 43 by a predetermined magnitude. In this state, deflection .DELTA.L of the belt 43 as well as a pressure P.sub.1 read from the pressure gauge are recorded.
Subsequently, the tension T of the belt 43 is estimated in accordance with an expression defining a relation between the pressure P.sub.1 and the deflection .DELTA.L, which relation has previously been determined experimentally by a bench test or the like process.
Further, as an applied technique of the tension measurement for a flexible member such as the belt employed in association with a power transmission such as that of the engine of a motor vehicle, there is known, for example, a string tension measuring technique adopted in a process for tuning a string instrument. FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing schematically an apparatus for measuring a string tension of a musical instrument. A sound generated by vibration of a string of concern is collected by a microphone 1 which converts the sound as caught into an electric acoustic signal which is then outputted to a signal processing unit 2 which serves for processing the acoustic signal supplied from the microphone 1 to thereby measure a natural oscillation or vibration frequency of the string and display the natural (vibration) frequency (also known as the characteristic or proper frequency) in the form of numerical values.
To this end, the signal processing unit 2 is comprised of an input signal shaping circuit 21 for shaping waveform of the acoustic signal inputted from the microphone 1 to thereby eliminate noise components, a frequency counter 22 for sampling or quantizing the acoustic signal outputted from the input signal shaping circuit 21 to thereby convert the input signal into a digital signal for the purpose of frequency measurement thereof, a CPU (abbreviation of Central Processing Unit) 23 for processing the frequency data as measured for the numerical display thereof, and a display drive circuit 25 for displaying the frequency data as processed on a display device 24.
Operation of the string tension measuring apparatus will be explained briefly. When a string of a musical instrument such as violin is caused to vibrate under frictional sweeping of a bow, the string vibrates at a frequency intrinsic to the string, whereby a vibration sound is generated, which sound is collected by the microphone 1 to be converted into an electrical acoustic signal. In the signal processing unit 2, the acoustic signal undergoes the waveform shaping processing effected by the input signal shaping circuit 21 for the purpose of noise elimination. The acoustic signal outputted from the signal input shaping circuit 21 is then inputted to the frequency counter 22 to be converted into a corresponding digital signal, from which frequency data is generated by counting the pulses contained in the digital signal.
The frequency data is then processed by the CPU 23 to a form suited for a numerical display to be subsequently displayed on the display device 24. In this conjunction, it will readily be appreciated that the technique for measuring the natural vibration frequency of the of the string of a musical instrument can be applied to measurement of the natural vibration of a belt employed in the engine for the motor vehicle by collecting the vibration sound generated by the belt by applying a vibration and collecting it by the microphone 1 and processing the acoustic signal by the signal processing unit 2 for displaying the natural vibration frequency of the belt and/or the tension arithmetically determined on the natural vibration frequency in terms of a numerical value.
However, because the hitherto known belt tension measuring method for estimating the tension of the basis of a relation between the deflection of the belt as brought about by applying a pressure by means of the pressure gauge is essentially of mechanical nature, it is necessarily required that there has to be available a relatively large space for accommodating or installing the pressure gauge as well as an instrument for measuring the deflection. In other words, the hitherto known method is imposed with spatial limitation and thus encounters great difficulty in carrying out the tension measurement in the environment where the available space is restricted. Additionally, the mechanical tension measuring method known heretofore suffers a problem that the tension as measured is susceptible to error involved due to error in reading the values as measured.
Furthermore, in conjunction with the procedure for determining the tension of the belt employed in the motor vehicle by vibrating it for reading the natural vibration frequency thereof, it is noted that the natural vibration frequency of belts may vary from one to another belt in dependence on the sizes of the belts as well as the span length thereof even when the belts are made of a same material. Consequently, there has been required a frequency-to-tension conversion look-up or reference table containing proportional constants for conversion of the natural vibration frequency to the tension by taking into account the sizes of the belts, the states in which the belts are spanned between or among the pulleys and other conditions. To say in another way, the belt spanning condition may differ from one to another motor vehicle. Thus, because the frequency-to-tension conversion table has to be renewed or updated every time the belt spanning condition or state varies or changes, there arises an additional problem that the belt tension measurement can not be effected with reliability immediately after the exchange of the belt with a fresh one.


A switching mechanism provides sequential switching of first and second circuit breakers to enable switching between a primary power supply and a backup power supply. The switching mechanism comprises a first actuator plate to operate a first circuit breaker connected to a primary power supply, a second actuator plate to operate a second circuit breaker connected to a secondary power supply, and an actuator. The first and second actuator plates are independently movable between on and off positions. The actuator is operatively connected to the first and second actuator plates so that the actuator moves the first actuator plate to an on position and the second actuator plate to an off position when the actuator is moved in a first direction, and moves the first actuator plate to an off position and the second actuator plate to an on position when the actuator is moved in a second direction. An override enables movement of the first and second actuator plates from the on position to the off position when the other actuator plate is in the off position. The switching mechanism can be installed in an existing distribution panel in a home of building.

The present invention relates to transfer switches for switching between alternate power sources, such as commercial power supply lines and a local generator.
Many residents now have a stand-by power supply such as a gas-powered generator for use in homes and other buildings during power outages. Power from the local generator can be supplied to a main distribution panel or sub-panel through a transfer switch when a power outage occurs. The transfer switch disconnects the home or building from the commercial power supply lines and connects the home or building to the local generator.
The installation of a transfer switch typically requires the replacement of the main distribution panel in the home or building with a larger distribution panel to accommodate the transfer switch, or the installation of a separate sub-panel containing the transfer switch and additional circuit breakers. The cost of parts and labor to install a transfer switch can be prohibitively expensive to many persons. Another potential problem that can occur during installation is lack of space to accommodate an additional distribution panel if one is required.
A transfer switch that can be accommodated in an existing distribution panel of a home or building would eliminate much of the cost of installing a transfer switch in an existing home or building, and would not be precluded by space constraints.

Switching mechanism with mechanical interlocking and manual override


Adaptive normal profiles are generated at a hierarchical scope corresponding to a set of endpoints and a process. Abnormal endpoint activity is detected by verifying whether event data tracking activity on the set of endpoints conforms to the adaptive normal profiles. False positives are reduced by verifying alarms correspond to normal endpoint activity. Abnormal event data is forwarded to a causality chain identifier that identifies abnormal chains of processes for the abnormal endpoint activity. A trained threat detection model receives abnormal causality chains from the causality chain identifier and indicates a likelihood of corresponding to a malicious attack that indicates abnormal endpoint behavior.

The disclosure generally relates to the field of information security, and to modeling, design, simulation, or emulation.
In the context of monitoring a device or network of endpoint devices (hereinafter "endpoints"), malicious entities will exploit vulnerabilities in common system processes to deliver one or more stages of an attack. Examples of known attacks that exploit processes running in an operating system (OS) include process hollowing, doppelganger attacks, code injection, and using known process names. Often the attack can exploit a zero-day vulnerability, meaning that the network of endpoints is oblivious to the vulnerability being exploited while the attack is carried out.

Context informed abnormal endpoint behavior detection


A variable bandwidth, sampled analog filter can be programmed to have a variety of responses. A variable bandwidth, sampled analog filter is preferably a sampled analog resonator based filter that receives a bandwidth control input and a sample clock input. The sampled analog resonator units can include clock delay circuits and reversible (loss/gain) attenuators.

High performance radio frequency (RF) circuits are utilized in communication equipment, sensing equipment, and other RF circuits. Generally, such circuits often utilize band pass filters. The band pass filters can be employed as intermediate frequency (IF) filters used in RF circuits. Multi-band digital radios often utilize multi-chip module receivers and exciters that require band pass filters. Such multi-band digital radios can be utilized in joint tactical radio systems (JTRS).
According to one particular application, conventional multi-band digital intermediate frequency (IF) radio systems require two to three programmable RF translations to establish the received signal in a fixed frequency (pre analog-to-digital conversion (ADC)) with minimal in band distortion. On the receive side of the radio, the signal is often received by at least one IF analog filter with minimal in bandwidth distortion before analog-to-digital conversion (ADC). On the transmit side of the radio, the signal is often transmitted through an IF analog filter after digital-to-analog conversion (DAC).
Multi-band and multi-signal-type operation of radio systems generally require quality programmable IF filters. Quality programmable IF filters should be highly integratible into single multi-chip module receivers and exciters, should be highly linear with low noise figure, should have accurate tuning control including temperature and tolerance factors, and should have step programmable bandwidth control with a robust shape factor. Such high quality programmable IF filters are typically too expensive and require excessive size and weight. Heretofore, the size and cost of the RF and IF translations is relatively large for highly integrated multi-chip-module receivers and exciters. The size and cost is often due, at least in part, to the size and cost of the band pass filters required for IF band pass filtering.
Therefore, there is a need for a method of filtering that is programmable in bandwidth and/or frequency and is highly integratible in IC technology. Further, there is a need for a method of achieving a programmable IF filter that can reduce the number of RF translations required (preferably to one). Further, there is a need for a programmable IF filter that can reduce RF communication circuitry, sensing circuitry, or other equipment size and cost. Further still, there is a need for a programmable IF filter that can be combined with a variable data converter clock rate to reduce radio size and cost. Further, there is a need for a programmable IF sampling band pass filter that has at least one or more of the following characteristics: 1) it is highly linear with low noise figure potential, 2) it is coherently sample rate matched to the data converter, 3) it has a programmable sample clock rate that provides accurate frequency control that has symmetrical (about the center frequency) programmable bandwidth step control and has constant Q with respect to frequency, 4) it has a cascadable configuration for performance flexibility, 5) it supports harmonically sampled single translation options, 6) it has data converter performance enhancement potential, and 7) it is highly integratible into single MCM receivers and exciters. Yet further, there is a need for a programmable IF filter combined with a variable data converter clock rate for reducing the size and cost of virtually any radio architecture.