A therapeutic bed mattress. In one embodiment, the bed mattress includes a mattress frame (1A), rope elements (26) are secured substantially to an upper surface of the bed frame. The rope elements are secured between at least two sides of the bed frame. At least one vibration member (16) is attached to and below the rope elements. The vibration member includes a shaft (12), a pulley (13) attached axially to one end of the shaft, and a counterweight (11) attached to the shaft. At least one motor (10) including an output shaft (12) and a motor pulley (14) axially attached to the output shaft vibrates the rope elements. At least one belt (9) is secured between the pulley of the vibration member and the motor pulley of the motor, such that when the motor is powered, the output shaft of the motor rotates the motor pulley which rotates the belt such that the pulley of the vibration member is rotated to rotate the shaft of the vibration member and the counterweight, in order to vibrate the rope elements. In another embodiment, the vibration member (16) is replaced by a vibrator (23). In yet another embodiment, the bed mattress is a recliner.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a therapeutic bed and more particularly, to a bed with one or more vibrating member(s) that provide massaging function to a user.
2. Description of the Related Art
Therapeutic bed are well known in the art which use air bags or water containers. However, since air and/or water is displaced when pressure due to the weight of the user is applied on such mattresses, the pressure force is generally not concentrated at the desired regions of the body such as joints, bones, or muscles of a human body that require therapeutic massaging to relieve stress.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,769,864 issued to the present inventor discloses a therapeutic bed including a plurality of parallel wires for defining a bed floor.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,958,627 also issued to the present inventor discloses an improved therapeutic bed including a plurality of parallel rubber wires placed on a bed frame, and a vibrating motor and an intermittent hitting plate operatively associated with the rubber wires for massaging the human body.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved therapeutic bed for massaging specific regions of the human body, which eliminates the above problems encountered with conventional therapeutic beds.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved therapeutic bed with rope elements secured to an upper surface of the bed frame, with one or more vibrating members attached to the rope elements to more effectively vibrate desired portions of the user""s body.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a therapeutic bed in which the vibrating members is part of a system in which the vibrating members are connected to the central motor via belts and pulleys.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a therapeutic bed in which vibrating members are individually powered, each including an individual motor and vibration elements.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a therapeutic bed in which the therapeutic bed is in the form of a chair in which vibrating members are individually powered, each including an individual motor and vibration elements.
Other objects and further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.


A local oscillation FET has a source connecting pad, a drain connecting pad and a gate connecting pad. The source connecting pad occupies one corner of a substrate, and the drain and gate connecting pads are placed at the neighboring corners so that the three connecting pads form an L shape on the substrate. As a modification to this configuration, another source connecting pad is placed at the remaining corner of the substrate so that the drain and gate connecting pads are shielded from each other by the two source connecting pads. These device configurations contribute to size reduction of the local oscillation FET.

1. Field of the Invention:
The invention relates to a compound semiconductor device employed in a device operating at high frequency, specifically to a compound semiconductor device with reduced size and improved high frequency characteristics.
2. Description of the Related Art:
The demand for high frequency devices has been rapidly increasing due to the expanding market for portable telephones and digital satellite communication equipment. Many of such devices include field effect transistors (referred to FET, hereinafter) employing a gallium arsenide (referred to GaAs, hereinafter) substrate because of its excellent high frequency characteristics. A typical device in this field is a local oscillation FET.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional GaAs FET. The GaAs substrate 151 is initially undoped, and has an n type channel region (or a channel layer) 152 formed by doping with n type dopants beneath its surface. A gate electrode 153 is placed on the surface of the channel region 152, forming a Schottky contact, and a source electrode 154 and a drain electrode 155 are placed on both sides of the gate electrode 153, forming ohmic contacts to the surface of the channel region 152. In this configuration, a voltage applied to the gate electrode 153 creates a depletion layer within the channel region 152 beneath the gate electrode 153 and, thus, controls the channel current between the source electrode 154 and the drain electrode 155.
FIG. 2 shows a conventional local oscillation FET employing a GaAs substrate. A channel region 62 is formed on a GaAs substrate and has therein a source region and a drain region. A first layer made of ohmic metal layer (AuGe/Ni/Au) 60 is formed on the source and drain regions to provide the source electrode and the drain electrode of the FET. A second layer made of a gate metal layer (Ti/Al) 70 is formed simultaneously when a gate electrode of the FET is formed. The second layer is denoted by the broken line in FIG. 2. A third layer made of a pad metal layer (Ti/Pt/Au) 80 provides connecting pads 81, 82, 83 for the drain electrode, the source electrode and the gate electrode. The source connecting pad 82 prevents signal leakage between the drain connecting pad 81 and the gate connecting pad 83, occupying a space between the two connecting pads 81, 83. Broken circles in FIG. 2 denote wire bonding positions on the connecting pads. Four bonding wires are bonded to the source connecting pad 82, and two bonding wires are bonded to each of the drain connecting pad 81 and the gate connecting pad 83. All the bonding wires are bonded to the respective connecting pads by applying pressure and heat to the contact region. The source connecting 82 is connected to a ground terminal GND via a capacitor C.
In FIG. 2, the channel region 62 is the rectangle denoted by the unevenly broken line. The two strips of the pad metal layer 80 extending from the drain connecting pad 81 are the drain electrode. The drain electrode made of the ohmic metal layer 60 is placed underneath the drain electrode made of the pad metal layer. The comb like structure with three teeth extending from the topside of the device is the source electrode made of the pad metal layer 80. The source electrode made of the ohmic metal layer 60 is placed underneath the source electrode made of the pad metal layer 80. The gate electrode is placed between the strips of the drain electrode and the teeth of the source electrode. The gate electrode is made of the gate metal layer and formed on the channel layer 62. In this configuration, the gate width Wg of the FET is defined as the summation of the lengths of the gate electrode within the channel layer 62 of the FET. Accordingly, in this FET, the total length of the four portions of the gate electrode between the strips and the teeth within the channel region 62 provides the gate width Wg. The FET of FIG. 2 has a gate width of 400 xcexcm.
The pad metal layer 80 and the gate metal layer 70 do not intersect. In other words, this FET does not have a multi layer wiring structure. This is an important feature to avoid deterioration of high frequency characteristics of the GaAs FET due to parasitic capacitance. When the pad metal layer 80 and the gate metal layer 70 intersect each other, an insulating layer such as nitride film needs to be placed between the two layers. Such a design creates parasitic capacitance and induces leakage of the signals.
Thus, the conventional local oscillation FET is typically as large as 0.44xc3x970.39 mm2 because of the design constraint on the use of single layer wiring and the connecting pad alignment. However, size reduction of local oscillation FETs is required to reduce the cost of such devices.
The invention provides a compound semiconductor device including a compound semiconductor substrate having a substantially rectangular shape and a channel region formed on the surface of the substrate. A drain electrode, a gate electrode and a source electrode are each formed on the channel region. A drain connecting pad, a gate connecting pad and a source connecting pad are each connected to the respective electrodes. The drain connecting pad and the gate connecting pad are disposed substantially at respective corners of a first diagonal of the substrate and the source connecting pad is disposed substantially at a corner of a second diagonal of the substrate. The other corner of the second diagonal is not occupied by any other connecting pad. In this configuration, the first and second diagonals define the surface of the substrate on which the channel region is formed.
The invention also provides a compound semiconductor device including a compound semiconductor substrate having a substantially rectangular shape and a channel region formed on a surface of the substrate. A drain electrode, a gate electrode and a source electrode are each formed on the channel region. A drain connecting pad and a gate connecting pad are each connected to the respective electrodes. A first source connecting pad and a second source connecting pad are each connected to the source electrode. The drain connecting pad and the gate connecting pad are disposed substantially at respective corners of a first diagonal of the substrate and the first and second source connecting pads are disposed substantially at respective corners of a second diagonal of the substrate. In this configuration, the first and second diagonals define the surface of the substrate on which the channel region is formed. The angle made by the first and second diagonals of the substrate is between 30 and 60 degree. The gate electrode is substantially disposed in the direction of the first diagonal of the substrate.
The invention further provides a compound semiconductor device including a compound semiconductor substrate and a channel region formed on a surface of the substrate. A drain electrode, a gate electrode and a source electrode are each formed on the channel region. The drain, gate and source electrodes form a field effect transistor. A drain connecting pad and a gate connecting pad are each connected to the respective electrodes. A first source connecting pad and a second source connecting pad are each connected to the source electrode. The drain connecting pad and the gate connecting pad are disposed approximately symmetric to each other with respect to the channel region as the center of symmetry and the first and second source connecting pads are disposed approximately symmetric to each other with respect to the channel region as the center of symmetry. The gate electrode is disposed in the direction connecting the drain connecting pad and the gate connecting pad.


A method for the reverse signaling of a transmission service is used during a call from a first telecommunication network. A mobile terminal is called in the supply range of a target switchboard of a digital mobile radio network from the first telecommunication network, and the information completely describing the transmission service which is to be used is exchanged between the mobile terminal and the destination mobile switchboard of the digital mobile radio network, is stored in the destination mobile switchboard and is transported by at least one signaling message ADDRESS COMPLETE, ANSWER to at least one access mobile switchboard involved in the call which to be made, whereupon it is made available.

The present invention relates to a method for backward-signaling of a transmission service which is to be used for a call which is to be set up from a telecommunication network, where the call enters a mobile radio network. When a telecommunication terminal sets up a call to another telecommunication terminal, with the called telecommunication terminal being in the service area of a mobile radio network and the calling telecommunication terminal being in the service area of another telecommunication network, it is generally possible that a transmission service which the calling telecommunication terminal requires cannot be clearly identified in the mobile radio network of the called telecommunication terminal. Accordingly, the selection of a specific transmission service is down to the called telecommunication terminal or the relevant subscriber. On the basis of the related art, the transmission service selected by the called telecommunication terminal is not transmitted to all network nodes which are involved in a call which is to be set up or in a data transmission which can be performed. In a mobile radio network, this particularly means that the access mobile switching centers involved in a call which is to be set up, such as a "Gateway MSC" (Mobile Switching Center) or a "Gateway MSC Server", which act as connecting network nodes between the mobile radio network and other telecommunication networks, receive no information about the transmission service which is actually to be used for a call entering the mobile radio network, that is to say an "MTC" (Mobile Terminated Call). Accordingly, the access mobile switching centers, such as the "Gateway MSC" and the "Gateway MSC Server", cannot execute any transmission-service-specific functions. Examples of such transmission-service-specific functions are blocking of particular transmission services, either generally or just for selected connected telecommunication networks, or provision of information about the selected transmission service at this access mobile switching center or at this connecting network node, such as billing information for subscriber or intermediate-network billing.
To date, the calling telecommunication terminal specifies a transmission service it requires by setting particular values in a "Bearer Capability" information element (BC). In addition, bearer services can be described using a "Low Layer Compatibility" information element (LLC) and teleservices can be described using a "High Layer Compatibility" information element (HLC). While LLC and HLC are transmitted unchanged between the telecommunication terminals by transmission networks involved in the transmission or in the call which is to be set up, the BC is valid only in the respective transmission network and is converted, if appropriate, at the network boundary between the transmission networks in question. For this reason, a distinction is also drawn between a PLMN-BC for the mobile radio network and an ISDN-BC for an ISDN landline network as a further telecommunication network. Mobile-radio-specific parameters, including message types, for example, are specified in 3GPP TS 24.008 and 3GPP TS 48.008. ISDN-related parameters and values and also message types can be found in ITU-T Q.760-769 and ITU-T Q.931.
In the case of a call from a landline network to a mobile radio network, as is to be considered here, these parameters are to date transmitted in an "IAM" message (Initial Address Message) when the call is set up, as defined for the "ISUP" in ITU-T Q.760-769. Generally, these parameters are not complete or are missing entirely. However, one cause of this may be that the calling telecommunication terminal provides information about the parameters only incompletely, for example. The quantity of parameters required for describing a transmission service is defined in different ways for different networks. Whereas the GSM standard in a mobile radio network is very restrictive and requires a multiplicity of parameters (3GPP TS 27.001), there are no specific stipulations in an ISDN network using the "ISUP" control mechanism. In addition, there are also different products which set the parameters in different ways. It is also conceivable for a transmission network which is likewise involved in the call setup to transmit the information regarding the parameters possibly only in part or not all. Furthermore, it is possible that the call comes from an analog landline network (PSTN). In this case, the transmission service is not signaled when a call is set up. In analog networks, a call is set up and then the transmission service is flagged at the start of the transmission. To this end, the telecommunication terminals interchange signal tones such as can be heard for a fax transmission, for example. When changing from an analog to a digital telecommunication network, a BC is then often produced which then contains only the information "3.1 kHz Audio", for example. The BC is therefore incomplete.
A mobile radio network, such as a GSM or UMTS network, for example, in which a call is incoming is already aware of various methods for identifying a transmission service required by a calling telecommunication terminal. First, there is a "multi-numbering method" for this. This involves the transmission service being identified by an appropriate call number, since in this case each transmission service which the telecommunication terminal or the relevant subscriber is authorized to use is assigned its own call number in the mobile radio network. A "Home Location Register (HLR)" in the mobile radio network manages the call numbers associated with the respective transmission services and stores PLMN-BCs belonging to these. The PLMN-BC belonging to the call number associated with a particular transmission service is transmitted to the called telecommunication terminal. That is to say that the PLMN-BC associated with the identified transmission service is communicated to the called telecommunication terminal via a destination mobile switching center, known as a "Visited MSC", or via a "Visited MSC Server". The access mobile switching centers through which it passes, namely a "Gateway MSC" or a "Gateway MSC Server", can in this case optionally be informed about the respective transmission service. In this context, they are supplied with a code which is specific to the respective transmission service. This practice is described in 3GPP TS 29.002, for example. However, this code does not describe the relevant transmission service sufficiently accurately to be able to provide transmission-service-specific functions on the "Gateway MSC" or the "Gateway MSC Server". The code is therefore too inaccurate, since it makes no statements about a resource allocation in the mobile radio network as requested by the call which is to be set up. In addition, various transmission services need to be distinguished which bear the same code. Examples which may be mentioned in this context are a general synchronous transmission service and a synchronous transmission service for multimedia—both bear the code for BS30, as defined in 3GPP TS 22.002 and 3GPP TS 29.002.
In addition, there is a "single-numbering method", which attempts to map a PLMN-BC from an ISDN-BC. This procedure is not always successful, however, for example because the ISDN-BC is incomplete or too inaccurate. The called telecommunication terminal then receives no information about the required transmission service, with the exception of a possible incomplete backup BC, as explained in 3GPP TS 24.008 and 3GPP TS 29.007. The transmission service to be used for the call which is to be set up is then ultimately selected by the called telecommunication terminal.
In both methods described, however, the situation is that parameters which define the transmission service to be used are negotiated between the "Visited MSC" or the "Visited MSC Server" and the called telecommunication terminal. This is described in 3GPP TS 27.001 and 3GPP TS 29.007. Following receipt of the "assignment complete" message, the "Visited MSC" or the "Visited MSC Server" contains the information about the transmission service which is to be used. Hence, on the basis of the related art, the complete information about the transmission service to be used is available only in the "Visited MSC" or the "Visited MSC Server" following receipt of the "call complete" message from the called telecommunication terminal and following receipt of the "assignment complete" message from the "BSS" (Base Station System).
In addition, at the TSG CN-#-21 standardization meeting from Sep. 17.-Sep. 19, 2003, a document NP-030431 about "internetwork accounting for BS30-based services such as video" presented a solution which can be used to provide billing information to a network boundary between a mobile radio network and a landline network. This solution makes use of apparently unused bits of an "Optional Backward Call Indication" parameter contained in the "Address Complete Message (ACM)" or "Answer Message (ANM)" ISUP messages. This solution can be used only conditionally, however, since the 4 free bits of the "Optional Backward Call Indication" parameter are insufficient to be able to provide all requested transmission-service-specific functions on a "Gateway MSC" or a "Gateway MSC Server". In addition, these bits are already used in some national applications and are therefore not available without restriction.

Method for reverse signalling for a transmission service which is to be used during a mobile terminated-PSTN/ISDN originated-call


An image forming apparatus includes a first image forming unit that forms toner images based on image data on first image carriers; a second image carrier, on which the toner images formed on the first image carriers are transferred; a second image forming unit that transfers the toner images transferred on the second image carrier onto a transfer medium; a test pattern generating unit that generates a test pattern group with a predetermine length in a moving direction of the second image carrier; and an adjusting unit that determines a method to adjust an image formation condition for the first image forming unit using the test pattern group, based on a relationship between the predetermined length and a length of an image area, in which a print image based on the image data is formed, in a sub-scanning direction corresponding to the moving direction of the second image carrier.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus that forms an image with toners of multiple colors and to an image forming apparatus control method.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, there is a known image forming apparatus that forms electrostatic latent images on photoreceptors through optical writing, temporarily transfers toner images developed from the electrostatic latent images onto an intermediate transfer member, such as an intermediate transfer belt, for each of colors such that the toner images of the respective colors are superimposed on the intermediate transfer member, transfers the toner images of the respective colors from the intermediate transfer member to a sheet of paper, and fixes the toner images to the sheet of paper to thereby form a color image.
In such an image forming apparatus, image adjustment, such as color misregistration correction or density correction, on an image to be formed is generally performed by forming a test pattern on the intermediate transfer belt and detecting the test pattern by a sensor. However, normal image formation on the sheet of paper cannot be performed while the above-described image adjustment is being performed. Therefore, if the image adjustment is frequently performed, downtime increases, during which the image formation on the sheet of paper is interrupted. Consequently, it becomes difficult to efficiently form images.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2006-293240 discloses a technology in which, in an image forming apparatus where the maximum image width available for image formation in the main-scanning direction is smaller than a sum of the maximum width of an available recording material in the main-scanning direction and the lengths of pattern images formed at two portions for density correction or misregistration correction in the width direction of the recording material, an area where the pattern images are to be formed is changed depending on whether the width of a recording material to be actually used is equal to or smaller than a threshold or whether the width of the recording material is greater than the threshold. More specifically, if the width of a recording material to be used is equal to or smaller than the threshold, the pattern images are formed in an image area through which a sheet of paper does not pass, and, if the width of the recording material is greater than the threshold, the pattern images are formed in an inter-sheet area between the trailing end of a preceding recording material and the leading end of a following recording material. According to Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2006-293240, it is possible to prevent an increase in the size of the image forming apparatus in the sheet width direction due to formation of the pattern images for density correction or misregistration correction in an area outside the maximum sheet width, and it is also possible to prevent a decrease in the throughput due to formation of the pattern images in the inter-sheet area.
Meanwhile, in the conventional image adjustment method in which a test pattern is formed in an area outside a printing area in parallel with printing of the image, an execution condition is set such that the size of a printing image in the main-scanning direction is smaller than a predetermined size in order to prevent overlapping of the printing image and the test pattern, but the size of the printing image in the sub-scanning direction is not set in the execution condition.
An example will be described below, in which images are sequentially formed on a page-by-page basis. In this case, an image formation condition for a next page following a current page is set after completion of the image formation of the current page is detected. When a test pattern is formed in parallel with the printing image, settings for the test pattern are set at the same time settings for the next page are set.
When the test pattern is formed in parallel with the printing image without taking into account the image size in the sub-scanning direction, a timing at which formation of the printing image is completed and a timing at which formation of the test pattern is completed cannot be distinguished. Therefore, in the conventional operation for setting image settings for a next page after detecting the completion of the image formation of a current page, the image settings may be set even before formation of the test pattern is not completed. In this case, there is a problem in that a formation condition for the test image may be changed while the test pattern is being formed.
In the technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2006-293240, because only a sheet size in the main-scanning direction is set as a determination condition, if the test pattern is formed without taking into account the image size in the sub-scanning direction, a timing of completion of the formation of the test pattern cannot be distinguished. Therefore, even with the technology of Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2006-293240, it is difficult to set the image settings for a next page at an appropriate timing, so that it is difficult to solve the problem in that the formation condition for the test image may be changed while the test pattern is being formed.
Therefore, there is a need for an image forming apparatus capable of executing image settings at an appropriate timing when a test pattern is formed in an area outside a printing area in parallel with printing of the image.

Image forming apparatus and image forming apparatus control method


A drive assembly has a transmission arrangement including a plurality of portions and a wire connecting the portions in the longitudinal direction while allowing limited pivotal movement of the portions transversely to the longitudinal direction. A guide tube guides the transmission arrangement around a curve, A drive motor pushes the transmission arrangement along the guide tube to cause the transmission arrangement to extend from the guide tube to apply a thrust drive force. The drive assembly can be used in a bath aid unit.

Disabled and elderly people often encounter some difficulty in taking a bath, more specifically in climbing into and out of the bath. Physical difficulties may frequently require a disabled or elderly person to be assisted by a helper and, if that person is not readily available, the disabled or elderly person cannot take a bath or may be able to do so only at the cost of such severe physical exertion that it is almost impossible to bathe.
One form of such a bath aid unit or bath lift involves a support structure which rests on the bottom of the bath and a seat which is displaceable between a raised and a lowered position relative to the part of the bath aid unit which is supported on the bath. The seat is displaceable between its raised and lowered positions by a drive arrangement, for example a manually operable drive or a powered actuating unit comprising an electric motor which can be energised to raise the seat in the bath. The actuating unit may include a rigid screw rod member which bears against the bottom of the bath in such a way that, when the electric motor is powered, the actuating unit lifts the seat by pressing downwardly on the rod member. However, as the rod member is rigid, when the seat is lowered into the downward position where it is adjacent the bottom of the bath, the rigid rod member projects upwardly beyond the top of the seat by a considerable distance and can thus constitute a serious obstacle to free movement of the person sitting on the seat. For example, when the person using the bath aid unit is sitting on the seat, in its lowered position, that person cannot lie back in the water in the bath or indeed cannot readily wash his or her back because of the presence of the rigid rod.


A programming interface provides functions for generating applications, documents, media presentations and other content. These functions allow developers to obtain services from an operating system, object model service, or other system or service.

Very early on, computer software came to be categorized as "operating system" software or "application" software. Broadly speaking, an application is software meant to perform a specific task for the computer user such as solving a mathematical equation or supporting word processing. The operating system is the software that manages and controls the computer hardware. The goal of the operating system is to make the computer resources available to the application programmer while at the same time, hiding the complexity necessary to actually control the hardware.
The operating system makes the resources available via functions that are collectively known as the Application Program Interface or API. The term API is also used in reference to a single one of these functions. The functions are often grouped in terms of what resource or service they provide to the application programmer. Application software requests resources by calling individual API functions. API functions also serve as the means by which messages and information provided by the operating system are relayed back to the application software.
In addition to changes in hardware, another factor driving the evolution of operating system software has been the desire to simplify and speed application software development. Application software development can be a daunting task, sometimes requiring years of developer time to create a sophisticated program with millions of lines of code. For a popular operating system such as various versions of the Microsoft Windows® operating system, application software developers write thousands of different applications each year that utilize the operating system. A coherent and usable operating system base is required to support so many diverse application developers.
Often, development of application software can be made simpler by making the operating system more complex. That is, if a function may be useful to several different application programs, it may be better to write it once for inclusion in the operating system, than requiring dozens of software developers to write it dozens of times for inclusion in dozens of different applications. In this manner, if the operating system supports a wide range of common functionality required by a number of applications, significant savings in applications software development costs and time can be achieved.
Regardless of where the line between operating system and application software is drawn, it is clear that for a useful operating system, the API between the operating system and the computer hardware and application software is as important as efficient internal operation of the operating system itself.
When developing applications, developers use a variety of tools to generate graphical items and other content. Additional tools are available to arrange graphical items and other data to be displayed or rendered. These tools are typically created by different entities or different tool developers. As a result, the tools do not provide a consistent programming environment. Thus, a developer using these different tools needs to learn how to utilize each of the tools and attempt to make them communicate with one another. These activities can be tedious and time consuming, taking time away from the actual development task at hand.
Over the past few years, the universal adoption of the Internet, and networking technology in general, has changed the landscape for computer software developers. Traditionally, software developers focused on single-site software applications for standalone desktop computers, or LAN-based computers that were connected to a limited number of other computers via a local area network (LAN). Such software applications were typically referred to as "shrink wrapped" products because the software was marketed and sold in a shrink-wrapped package. The applications utilized well-defined APIs to access the underlying operating system of the computer.
As the Internet evolved and gained widespread acceptance, the industry began to recognize the power of hosting applications at various sites on the World Wide Web (or simply the "Web"). In the networked world, clients from anywhere could submit requests to server-based applications hosted at diverse locations and receive responses back in fractions of a second. These Web applications, however, were typically developed using the same operating system platform that was originally developed for standalone computing machines or locally networked computers. Unfortunately, in some instances, these applications do not adequately transfer to the distributed computing regime. The underlying platform was simply not constructed with the idea of supporting limitless numbers of interconnected computers.
To accommodate the shift to the distributed computing environment being ushered in by the Internet, Microsoft Corporation developed a network software platform known as the ".NET" Framework (read as "Dot Net"). Microsoft® NET is software for connecting people, information, systems, and devices. The platform allows developers to create Web services that will execute over the Internet. This dynamic shift was accompanied by a set of API functions for Microsoft's .NET™ Framework.
As use of the .NET™ Framework has become increasingly common, ways to increase the efficiency and/or performance of the platform have been identified. The inventors have developed a unique set of API functions to allow for such increased efficiency and/or performance.

Programming interface for a computer platform


A fuel cylinder mounting structure of a motorcar wherein a fuel cylinder can be attached together with suspensions and a spare tire easily so that productivity is improved, the vehicle can be made small and light, and reduction of cost can be attempted is provided. The fuel cylinder mounting structure comprises a fuel cylinder for storing compressed fuel gas; a chassis frame having a rectangular frame-like shape, supporting the fuel cylinder and attached to a car-body frame from the bottom; a protection plate fixed to the chassis frame for covering the fuel cylinder from the bottom; suspensions attached to both sides of the chassis frame and modularized with the chassis frame; and a spare tire rack attached under a rear car-body and supporting a spare tire laid down so as to be hung in rear of the protection plate.

The present invention relates to a fuel cylinder mounting structure of a motorcar running by a gas fuel such as natural gas.
Such a fuel cylinder is constructed strong so as to be durable against pressurizing because it stores a natural gas compressed at a high pressure and therefore the fuel cylinder is larger and heavier compared with a conventional gasoline tank.
Usually, the fuel cylinder is mounted in a car body at a place in rear of a rear seat and between right and left rear wheel houses as shown in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei 7-186741. In this prior art, the fuel cylinder is supported on a rear floor through a chassis frame and a spare tire is placed on the rear floor within a trunk, separately from the fuel cylinder. Rear suspensions under the rear floor are also attached to the car body separately from the fuel cylinder.
In case of the gasoline tank lighter than the fuel cylinder, there is an example in which the tank is attached to the car body from the bottom as shown in Japanese Utility Model Publications No. Sho 62-42863 and No. Sho 50-41627. In this example, the spare tire is also hung on a lower surface of a rear car-body.
According to the above-mentioned Japanese Publication No. Hei 7-186741, when the fuel cylinder is mounted, firstly the chassis frame is attached to the car body at a predetermined position, then the fuel cylinder is brought in through an opening with a rear window removed, placed on the chassis frame and fixed by a fixing band. Therefore, there is required much trouble to attach the fuel cylinder. Moreover, the spare tire and the rear suspension must be attached each separately so that man-our for fitting work increases to lower productivity.
Because package of respective members are also arranged separately and require respective attachment parts, the weight is increased, the cost is raised and the vehicle comes to be large-sized.
In the latter example having the gasoline tank hung, the fitting work is somewhat easy because the gasoline tank and the spare tire are attached to the rear car-body from the bottom. However, rear suspensions must be attached separately, therefore, so much reduction of man-hour of fitting work cannot be expected.
In this example, besides, the gasoline tank has a inclined lower surface projected under the car-body, so that when the spare tire is pushed forward by an external force acting from the rear, the spare tire falls along the inclined lower surface of the gasoline tank to protect the gasoline tank. However, in case of the fuel cylinder which is cylindrical in general, it is difficult to form the lower surface in a inclined surface, moreover it is necessary to protect the fuel cylinder from a flying stone or the like.

Fuel cylinder mounting structure in motorcar


An outboard motor having a multi-cylinder four-cycle, internal combustion engine as a power plant. An improved crankcase ventilating system is provided wherein the crankcase ventilating gases follow a circuitous path through the crankcase chamber, camshaft chambers and then to the intake system through an extended conduit passing over the exhaust manifold so as to reduce the emissions of hydrocarbons. The intake system is designed to preclude uneven distribution of the ventilating gasses.

This invention relates to a crankcase ventilation arrangement for a four cycle engine and more particularly to a crankcase ventilation for an outboard motor.
It has been proposed to employ four cycle engines as the power plant in an outboard motor to replace the more conventionally utilized two cycle engine. One reason for this is the more environmentally friendly nature of a four cycle engine caused by the fact that the lubricant for such engine is recirculated rather than discharged along with the combustion products of the engine.
However, four cycle engines present some problems in connection with adaptation to outboard motor application. This is particularly true with respect to the feature which makes them advantageous over two cycle engines. That is, the recirculating lubricating system for a four cycle engine presents some problems in connection with placement, operation and location within outboard motors. This is primarily due to the extremely compact nature of an outboard motor.
It is also known to employ a crankcase ventilation arrangement for engines wherein the blowby gases from the cylinders are utilized to not only ventilate the engine but also are returned to the induction system rather than being discharged to the atmosphere. This minimizes the number of hydrocarbons that are emitted to the atmosphere.
However, in connection with the return of the crankcase blowby gases to the induction system, this must be done in such a way that it is ensured that any oil in the crankcase gases can be condensed and returned back to the lubrication system rather than deliver to the engine induction system. With the space available in the power head of an outboard motor, this means that it may be difficult to provide the effective separation of the oil from the crankcase blowby gases before it is introduced to the engine through its induction system.
It is, therefore, a principal object of this invention to provide an improved crankcase ventilation arrangement for an outboard motor.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an outboard motor crankcase ventilating arrangement that provides a long flow path to ensure good separation and nevertheless permits the gases to be delivered to the engine through its intake system.
In connection with the delivery of the crankcase gases to the engine combustion chambers for further combustion of any hydrocarbons therein, the return should be such that the crankcase gases are delivered substantially uniformly to each cylinder of a multiple cylinder engine. This is desirable to ensure that each cylinder experiences substantially the same combustion characteristics. This presents another problem that is unique to outboard motors.
In outboard motors, it is the general practice to position the engine so that the crankshaft rotates about a vertically disposed axis. This means that in multi-cylinder engines, the cylinders are placed one vertically above the other. This presents unique problems in ensuring that the crankcase ventilating gases that are returned to the engine through its induction system are uniformly distributed.
The hydrocarbons which may be present in the crankcase ventilating gases can cause the crankcase ventilating gases to have a greater density that the atmospheric air. Thus, the vertical disposition of the cylinders might tend to cause an arrangement wherein the lowermost cylinders receive a higher proportion of the crankcase ventilating gases in the uppermost cylinder.
It is, therefore, a still further object of this invention to provide an improved crankcase ventilating system for an outboard motor wherein the crankcase ventilating gases are distributed equally to the cylinders of the engine for further combustion of hydrocarbons therein.

Crankcase ventillation for outboard motor


A clamping apparatus for use in clamping a fitting to a pipe or other fitting. The apparatus may be used without supporting the outer surface of the pipe on the opposite side of the fitting, and in the case of a buried pipe, only a portion of the pipe needs to be excavated. The apparatus comprises a clamping plate for engaging an outer surface of the fitting with an adjusting stem threadingly engaged with the clamping plate. A locking bar is pivotally and rotatably attached to an end of the adjusting stem. A weight differential between long and short ends of said locking bar and a cable are used to pivot the locking bar between a first position thereof wherein the locking bar and a portion of the stem may be inserted through aligned openings in the fitting and pipe and a second position. In the second position, the clamping bar may be clampingly engaged with an inner surface of the pipe by rotation of the adjusting stem which also results in the clamping plate being clampingly engaged with an outer surface of the fitting. A lock nut locks the apparatus in the clamping position. The fitting may then be permanently attached to the pipe, such as by an electrofusion process, after which the apparatus may be unclamped and removed. A method of attaching a fitting to a pipe using the apparatus is also disclosed.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to apparatus for clamping a fitting to a pipe such as during an electrofusion process, and more particularly to a clamping apparatus which is installed from only one side of the pipe and does not require support on the opposite side thereof.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Plastic pipe and fittings are now widely used in a great variety of applications. Such fittings and pipe are frequently connected using adhesives. However, adhesives may not seal completely if not carefully applied, and in some cases, the adhesives themselves may be hazardous.
A recent development is the use of electrofusion fittings. Such fittings comprise a body of thermoplastic material having an electrical resistance heating or fusing element molded into the fitting adjacent to a surface of the body. In operation, an electric current is supplied to the electrofusion element which causes it to heat so that the thermoplastic material in the pipe is melted or softened and thereby the fitting is fused or welded to the pipe or another fitting. Electrofusion has the advantages of eliminating adhesives and providing a satisfactory, consistent connection between the plastic components. This reduces the likelihood of bad connections and the resultant leakage.
One known fusing procedure is to attach a saddle joint to a length of pipe. The saddle joint can comprise one or more connections so that another line may be connected and tapped into the original pipe. Also, other elements, such as valves, etc., may be connected to the pipe in this way.
In attaching a fusion saddle joint, a known clamping apparatus is typically positioned around the pipe. This clamping apparatus has a mechanism for clamping the fitting to one side of the pipe and clamping against the opposite side of the pipe so that the fitting is held in place during the fusion process. That is, such prior art clamping devices require support of the pipe on the opposite side from the saddle fitting to be attached.
Such a clamping apparatus have worked well, but in some applications, it is not convenient to use because it requires support on the opposite side of the pipe. For example, the location of the pipe may prevent the positioning of a support thereunder. Also, in the case of buried pipe, to use such clamping apparatus, it is necessary to totally excavate around the pipe so that the apparatus can be positioned under the pipe.
Therefore, there is a need for an apparatus which does not require a support on the opposite side of the pipe and which can be installed from only one side of the pipe. The clamping apparatus of the present invention meets this need and can be installed from one side of the pipe. It clamps the fitting and an inner surface of the pipe, thus being usable in situations where a support under the pipe is not practicable or would add additional costs, such as where a pipe portion is buried.

Clamping apparatus for an electrofusion joint


A circuit breaker for high and medium tension including insulation by means of a dielectric gas and puffer arc blasting, the circuit breaker comprising a gastight insulating casing, containing:. a fixed assembly comprising, in particular, a fixed main contact and a fixed arcing contact; PA0 a moving assembly driven by a drive rod and including, in particular, a moving main contact and a moving arcing contact; PA0 a first blast volume extended by a blast nozzle; PA0 a blast piston; and PA0 first and second secondary contacts disposed inside a second volume and designed to strike a secondary arc; PA0 wherein the first secondary contact is fixed relative to the fixed assembly, the second secondary contact being semi-moving relative to the moving assembly, possessing its own source of energy for displacing it during a circuit breaker disengagement operation, and being provided with means for conferring a shorter stroke thereto than the stroke of the moving assembly.

These objects are achieved, for example, by providing the circuit breaker with a pair of additional contacts capable of generating a secondary arc during circuit breaker opening.
For example, a circuit breaker of this type is described in published German patent application No. 2 349 263.
A drawback of the prior art circuit breaker is the increase in the weight of the moving equipment due to the presence of one of the secondary contacts. This increase in weight means that the circuit breaker must be provided with a more powerful control mechanism, thereby increasing the cost of the apparatus.
An object of the invention is to provide a circuit breaker having secondary contacts, but in which the weight of the moving equipment is not increased.
Another object of the invention is to provide a circuit breaker which is compact, and therefore cheap to build and having low maintenance costs.
Document DE-A-2 403 300 describes a circuit breaker provided with secondary contacts. One of them, the secondary contact farther from the blast nozzle, is fixed to the moving equipment, while the other one of them is semi-moving relative to the fixed equipment. Such a circuit breaker suffers from a drawback: the length of the secondary arc is not necessary limited; as a result, the arc may lengthen excessively during a circuit breaker opening operation, thereby overheating the surrounding gas; such overheating may prevent the circuit breaker from performing a rapid open-close-open (OCO) cycle since the gas does not have time to cool down sufficiently after the first open; consequently the medium remains highly ionized and the second open operation may fail since the secondary arc does not extinguish during the current zero crossing.
Another drawback of excessively lengthening the arc is that the arc may damage the parts surrounding it.
An additional object of the present invention is to provide a circuit breaker which does not have the above-mentioned drawbacks.


A transmission type screen including a fly-eye lens having a convex shape on one side thereof and a light-shielding layer provided on an opposite side of a lens surface of the fly-eye lens and having a plurality of openings provided near each focus of lens unit cells, wherein if uniform light perpendicular to an optical axis of the lens unit cell is incident upon the lens surface, luminance on an emission side of the screen when the screen is observed from a direction inclined against the optical axis of the lens unit lens by a predetermined angle in a horizontal direction when the screen is used is larger than luminance when the screen is observed from a direction inclined by the same angle as that in the horizontal direction in a vertical direction when the screen is used.

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/516,698, filed Nov. 3, 2003, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a transmission type screen. More, particularly, the present invention relates to a transmission type screen including a fly-eye lens.
2. Description of the Related Art
In prior arts, as a transmission type screen for projecting an optical image from an optical engine, one in which the viewing angle luminance distribution is widened by using a fly-eye lens (or microlens) having a lens unit cell of a rotation axis object has been proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-131506.
Moreover, the range of an observation angle to a screen is often different between horizontal and vertical directions at the time of observation. Accordingly, U.S. Pat. No. 4,666,248 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-111708 have proposed to individually control the viewing angle luminance distribution in the horizontal and vertical directions by forming the shape of the lens unit cell to be anamorphic or to have an arbitrarily curved surface, where it is asymmetrical in the horizontal and vertical directions.
Meanwhile, although the viewing angle luminance distribution is widened by enlarging the lens power of the lens unit cell, the luminance of a screen viewed from the front decreases. Moreover, while the observation angle to a screen is supposed to have a considerably wide range in the horizontal direction, it isn't so in the vertical direction. Consequently, for the shape of the lens unit cell, there is a proper range with respect to each of the horizontal and vertical directions. In the prior arts, however, any specific shapes of a lens unit cell are not present or suggested, and there is a problem that it is not always possible to obtain a screen of which the optical characteristics are ideal with respect to each of the horizontal and vertical directions.

Transmission type screen using a fly-eye lens


The silicone composition for sealing a semiconductor, comprises: (A) 100 parts of a polyorganosiloxane having one or more alkenyl groups, obtained by reacting (a1) 60 to 99 parts of an organosiloxane containing at least a trifunctional siloxane unit not taking part in a hydrosilylation reaction, with (a2) 40 to 1 parts of an organosiloxane containing a bifunctional siloxane unit having an alkenyl group and/or a monofunctional siloxane unit having an alkenyl group; (B) an amount of a polyorganohydrogensiloxane having two or more hydrogen atoms having a viscosity at 25° C. of 1 to 1000 mPa·s so that an amount of the hydrogen atoms is 0.5 to 3.0 mol per mol of the alkenyl groups; and (C) a platinum-based catalysts, wherein a decrease in storage modulus of a cured product thereof from 25° C. to 50° C. is 40% or more.

An LED lamp known as the optical semiconductor device has a structure in which an LED die-bonded to a support substrate is sealed with a sealing material composed of transparent resin. As the sealing material, a composition mainly containing an epoxy resin has been conventionally used.
However, in use of an epoxy resin-based sealing material, due to an increase in heat generation and reduction of the wavelength of light in accordance with the recent increase in luminance of LED, cracking and yellowing have been likely to occur to cause a decrease in reliability. Hence, a composition containing silicone (polyorganosiloxane) as a main component is increasingly used because of its excellent heat resistance. In particular, an addition reaction type silicone composition is excellent in productivity because it cures in a short time by heating, and is thus suitable as the sealing material for LED. Further, a silicone cured product with high hardness is free from surface tack and thus has advantages such as capability of preventing adhesion of debris, adhesion between LEDs and the like.
However, the silicone cured product with high hardness is more fragile than the epoxy resin and generates cracks or peelings from the substrate during curing or in a reliability test of moisture absorption reflow.
As an adhesive, a potting agent, a protective coating agent, or an underfiller for the semiconductor element, there is proposed a curing silicone composition containing: (A) a solvent-soluble organopolysiloxane obtained by subjecting an organopolysiloxane having at least two alkenyl groups per molecule represented by an average composition formula: R1aSiO(4-a)/2 (where R1 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group and 0.1 to 40 mol % of all of R1s are alkenyl groups, a is a positive number satisfying 1≦a<2) to a hydrosilylation reaction, with diorganopolysiloxane represented by a general formula: HR22Si(R22SiO)nR22SiH (where R2 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group containing no aliphatic unsaturated bond, n is an integer of 0 to 1,000); (B) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane represented by an average composition formula: R2bHcSiO(4-b-c)/2 (where R2 is as described above, b and c are positive numbers satisfying 0.7≦b≦2.1, 0.001≦c≦1.0, and 0.8≦b+c≦2.6); and (C) a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst (refer to JP-A 2009-242627 (KOKAI), for example).
However, a cured product obtained from the silicon composition described in JP-A 2009-242627 (KOKAI) is not so large in decrease in modulus due to heating, and thus cannot sufficiently relax the stress caused by thermal expansion of the cured product itself and has difficulty in preventing generation of cracks. Further, the solvent-soluble organopolysiloxane being the (A) component is prepared by the hydrosilylation reaction using a catalyst of the same kind as the hydrosilylation reaction catalyst being the (C) component and thus has a disadvantage that the stability after mixed with the (B) component degrades because of a remnant of the catalyst used for the preparation of the (A) component.

Silicone composition for sealing semiconductor

Abstract: Specifically the polyorganosiloxane (A) is prepared by block or graft polymerization and equilibration reaction of three specific, different, organosiloxanes including a branched siloxane, a linear siloxane and a cyclic siloxane.

MOMENTIVE PERFORMANCE MATERIALS JAPAN LLC


There is provided a recording control device including a recording control section which controls data recording to a recording medium by irradiating laser light to the recording medium, and a division section which divides the sequential recording range of a prescribed recording layer, near a boundary of two mutually adjacent sequential recording ranges of the recording layer on a back side of the prescribed recording layer when viewed from a laser incident surface of the recording medium, in a case where data is not recorded to an area of one of the two sequential recording ranges, by setting, as a division position in the prescribed recording layer, a position separated by only a prescribed distance, from a position identical to a position of the boundary, on the other side of the two sequential recording ranges in a direction connecting a center and outer peripheral of the recording medium.

The present disclosure relates to a recording control device and method, and more specifically relates to a recording control device and method which can improve the reliability of data recording to a multilayered optical disk.
In the related art, optical disk recording mediums (hereinafter, simply called optical disks), such as a CD (Compact Disc), a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), or a BD (Blu-ray Disc: registered trademark), for example, have been widespread as optical recording mediums to/from which recording and reproduction of signals are performed by irradiation of light (For example, refer to "Universal Disk Format Specification Revision 2.50" OSTA, 2003, and JP 2009-123331A).
In such optical disks, a large storage capacity is achieved by attempting to improve the information recording density. Specifically, techniques have been adopted which improve the recording density in the radial direction by reducing the pitch for forming tracks as pit columns or mark columns, or which improve the recording density of the direction orthogonal to the radial direction by reducing the size of the pits or marks.
On the other hand, when attempting to increase the recording capacity, techniques which increase the number of recording layers (layers) have also been effective, and two-layered disks or multilayered disks having three or more layers have been proposed and put into practice under the present conditions.


A method, system, and computer program product for enabling dynamic detection of anomalies occurring within an input graph representing a social network. More specifically, the invention provides an automated computer simulation technique that implements the combination of Social Network Analysis (SNA) and statistical pattern classification for detecting abnormal social patterns or events through the expanded use of SNA Metrics. The simulation technique further updates the result sets generated, based on observed occurrences, to dynamically determine what constitutes abnormal behavior, within the overall context of observed patterns of behavior.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to evaluation of social networks and in particular to computer-implemented evaluation of social networks. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to a method, system and computer program product for providing automated anomaly detection within social networks.
2. Description of the Related Art
Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a technique utilized by anthropologists, psychologists, intelligence analysts, and others to analyze social interaction(s) and/or to investigate the organization of and relationships within formal and informal networks such as corporations, filial groups, or computer networks.
SNA typically represents a social network as a graph (referred to as a social interaction graph, communication graph, activity graph, or sociogram). In its simplest form, a social network graph contains nodes representing actors (generally people or organizations) and edges representing relationships or communications between the actors. In contrast with databases and spreadsheets, which tend to facilitate reasoning over the characteristics of individual actors, graph-based representations facilitate reasoning over relationships between actors.
In conventional analysis of these graphs most analysts search and reason over the graphs visually, and the analysts are able to reason about either the individual actors or the network as a whole through graph-theoretic approaches. Social Network Analysis (SNA) was developed to describe visual concepts and truths between the observed relationships/interactions. In conventional social network analysis, most graphs are analyzed by visual search and reasoning over the graphs. Analysts are able to reason about either individual actors or the network as a whole through various approaches and theories about structure, such as the small-worlds conjecture. Thus, SNA describes visual concepts and truths between the observed relationships and actors.
Analysts use certain key terms or characterizations to refer to how actors appear to behave in a social network, such as gatekeeper, leader, and follower. Designating actors as one of these can be done by straightforward visual analysis for static (i.e., non-time varying graphs of past activity). However, some characterizations can only be made by observing a graph as the graph changes over time. This type of observation is significantly harder to do manually.
Thus, SNA metrics were developed to distill certain aspects of a graph's structure into numbers that can be computed automatically. Metrics can be computed automatically and repetitively for automated inspection. Decision algorithms, such as neural networks or hidden Markov models may then make the determination if a given actor fills a specific role. These algorithms may be taught to make the distinction with labeled training data.
With conventional SNA techniques, there is presently no convenient way to (a) determine the functional roles of individuals and organizations in a social network (e.g., gatekeepers, leaders, followers) and (b) diagnose network-wide conditions (e.g., too much centralization of authority, inefficient communication paths, etc.). These processes and others have not been addressed with conventional SNA techniques and SNA systems, which typically rely on manual observations by the analyst with no application to anomalies within the data.
Also, where traditional metric analysis fails is when there either is (a) no labeled training data or (b) not an accurate enough model to determine what is normal or abnormal. Thus, the present invention recognizes that a need exists for a more robust and automatic method for enabling analysts to computationally analyze social networks to determine anomalies within data, even when there is no pre-established norm with which to compare the data.

Dynamic SNA-based anomaly detection using unsupervised learning


The technology disclosed relates to selecting among devices room to interact with. It also relates operating a smart phone with reduced power consumption. It further relates to gesturally interacting with devices that lack gestural responsiveness. The technology disclosed also relates to distinguishing control gestures from proximate non-control gestures in a pervasive three dimensional (3D) sensory space. The technology disclosed further relates to selecting among virtual interaction modalities to interact with.

The subject matter discussed in this section should not be assumed to be prior art merely as a result of its mention in this section. Similarly, a problem mentioned in this section or associated with the subject matter provided as background should not be assumed to have been previously recognized in the prior art. The subject matter in this section merely represents different approaches, which in and of themselves may also correspond to implementations of the claimed technology.
There has been a growing interest in developing natural interactions with electronic devices that facilitate intuitiveness and enhance user experience. For instance, a user might want to control the music volume while cooking with a free-form gesture in the air, or change the song playing on an entertainment system in the living room while cooking, or turn up the thermostat while in bed, or switch on a lamp while sitting on a couch.
Existing home automation techniques utilize conventional motion capture approaches that rely on markers or sensors worn by the occupant while executing activities and/or on the strategic placement of numerous bulky and/or complex equipment in specialized smart home environments to capture occupant movements. Unfortunately, such systems tend to be expensive to construct. In addition, markers or sensors worn by the occupant can be cumbersome and interfere with the occupant's natural movement. Further, systems involving large numbers of cameras tend not to operate in real time, due to the volume of data that needs to be analyzed and correlated. Such considerations have limited the deployment and use of motion capture technology.
Consequently, there is a need for improved techniques to capture the motion of objects in real time without attaching sensors or markers thereto and to facilitate ambient intelligence in pervasive computing environments.

Systems and methods of gestural interaction in a pervasive computing environment


A laminated core of a rotor includes an inner core portion and a plurality of outer core portions. The inner core portion axially extends in a cylindrical shape in a region located more radially inward than magnets. The outer core portions are arranged in a circumferential direction in a region located more radially outward than the inner core portion. The plurality of outer core portions and a plurality of the magnets are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. Accordingly, magnetic flux generated from a pair of magnetic pole surfaces of the plurality of magnets can be effectively used. In addition, the laminated core includes caulking portions in each of the inner core portion and the plurality of outer core portions. Accordingly, a plurality of thin plate cores are firmly fixed.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a rotor and a motor.
2. Description of the Related Art
A so-called inner rotor type motor in which a rotor is disposed inside an armature is known. The types of rotors used in the inner rotor type motor are mainly classified into an SPM (Surface Permanent Magnet) type rotor in which a plurality of magnets are attached to the outer circumferential surface of a rotor core and an IPM (Interior Permanent Magnet) type rotor in which magnets are buried in a rotor core.
When the SPM type rotor is used, the armature and the magnets can be placed in proximity to each other. Therefore, the magnetic force of the magnets can be effectively used. However, in the SPM type rotor, measures to prevent the magnets from escaping outward due to a centrifugal force during high-speed rotation need to be prepared. On the other hand, when the IPM type rotor is used, there is no concern of the magnets escaping due to the centrifugal force. Therefore, recently, the IPM type rotor has been the mainstream type of rotor used.
However, in general, in any of the SPM type and IPM type rotors, each of the magnets is disposed so that a pair of magnetic pole surfaces are respectively directed radially outward and radially inward. Therefore, only the magnetic pole surface on the radial outside of the magnet contributes to motor driving. Here, recently, in order to effectively use the pair of magnetic pole surfaces of the magnet, a rotor structure in which magnets and cores of magnetic bodies are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction has been proposed.
A conventional rotor in which the magnets and the cores are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Publication no. 6-245451. The rotor in the Japanese Patent Application Publication no. 6-245451 includes six permanent magnets arranged at substantially equal intervals around a rotating shaft and six laminated core members which are respectively arranged between the respective permanent magnets and respectively forming magnetic poles (See, for example, the abstract and FIG. 1 of Japanese Patent Application Publication no. 6-245451).
As described in Japanese Patent Application Publication no. 6-245451, in a rotor core formed of laminated steel plates, a plurality of thin plate cores are bonded by a caulking operation (See, for example, the abstract and FIG. 3 of Japanese Patent Application Publication no. 6-245451). In addition, in order to further enhance the rigidity of the rotor core, it is preferable to provide a cylindrical core inside a plurality of cores arranged in the circumferential direction. However, when the cylindrical core is provided, it is difficult to firmly fix the plurality of thin plate cores only by performing caulking of the plurality of cores on the outside.
In particular, recently, an oil pump or a cooling fan has been reduced in size. Accordingly, a need for reduction in size of the inner rotor type motor used in such equipment has also increased. When the inner rotor type motor is to be reduced in size, it is more difficult to secure a region for performing caulking in the rotor core.


A method of controlled centrifugation including automatic determination (before or during a centrifugation run) of the time to reach "completion" (within specified limits, depending on the criteria adopted) of a centrifugal separation. By simulation, the sample solute concentration distributions are determined and examined periodically. Centrifugation completion is deemed to have been reached based on certain predetermined criteria relating to spatial changes in the sample solute concentration distributions between successive examinations. The positions of the end points of the concentration distributions or band edges of the sample solutes (transitions from regions of sample solutes to regions of no sample solutes) are determined to facilitate resolving spatial changes of the concentration distributions. The position of an end point or band edge is characterized by a specific location along the centrifuge tube where an imaginary boundary exists at which no more than a specific % of the total mass of the solute in the band lies outside said boundary. In order to avoid premature termination of centrifugation before actual equilibrium has been reached as a result of excessive frequent checks of the motion of the concentration distribution because of relatively long time scale in sedimentation, an estimate is provided of a characteristic periodic interval between successive checks of sample solute concentration distributions.

1. Field Of the Invention.
The present invention relates to centrifugation and more particularly to the execution of centrifugation in a controlled manner by simulation analysis.
2. Description of Related Art
Essentially, centrifugation is a process for separating particles suspended in a solution. In biological applications, the particles are usually macromolecules, cells, DNA fragments, etc. The device used for centrifugation is a centrifuge which includes a rotor that supports several containers (e.g. centrifuge tubes) of sample solution for rotation about a common axis. As the rotor spins in the centrifuge, centrifugal force is applied to each particle in the sample solution and each particle will sediment at a rate which is proportional to the centrifugal force applied. The viscosity of the sample solution and the physical properties of the particle also affect the sedimentation rate of each individual particle. The sedimentation speed of the particle is proportional in part to its shape and size (molecular weight), and to the ratio of the particle and solution densities.
One of the many methods of centrifugal separation is by density gradient centrifugation, which permits the complete separation of several or all of the components in a mixture according to their buoyant densities. The density gradient method involves a supporting column of "density gradient" fluid whose density increases toward the bottom of the tube. The density gradient fluid consists of a suitable low molecular weight solute dissolved in a solvent in which the sample particle mixture can be suspended.
In using the centrifuge to purify circular DNA plasmids, geneticists and molecular biologists frequently use an isopycnic separation technique. In this technique, both circular (desirable) and non-circular (non-desirable contaminant) DNA plasmids are saturated with ethidium bromide and then suspended in a concentrated solution of cesium chloride (CsCl). High speed centrifugation of the suspension results in the formation of a CsCl concentration gradient (and hence density gradient), and separation of the relatively dense circular DNA from the relatively light non-circular DNA/ethidium bromide complexes in the density gradient. Each particle will sediment or float toward a position in the centrifuge tube at which the gradient density is equal to its own buoyant density, and there it will remain in equilibrium. The isopycnic technique, therefore, separates particles into zones or bands on the basis of their buoyant density differences.
An important consideration in designing and executing such centrifugation separations is the need to prevent excessive sedimentation of the dissolved CsCl, which can lead to CsCl crystallization at the tube bottom and consequent excessive local rotor stress levels. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,171,206 (assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated by reference herein), and also in "Computer Derived Rotor Speed Protocols for in situ Control of Local Solute Concentration during Centrifugation", Proceedings of the 112th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, BED-Vol. 21, Bioprocess Engineering Symposium, Book. No. H00726-1991, pp. 9-13, a method of obtaining optimal centrifugal separation subject to the CsCl crystallization constraint is disclosed. Such method can be used in plasmid separations and allows a computer on board the centrifuge to calculate the solute distributions and the rotor speed vs. time protocol that absolutely maximizes rotor speed, subject to the constraint that CsCl crystal formation is forbidden. The method involves the numerical integration of the partial differential equation of sedimentation-diffusion (the Lamm equation) for three solutes (CsCl, circular DNA and non-circular DNA) while the simulated rotor speed is subject to the constraint that there be no change in the CsCl concentration at the tube bottom upon reaching saturation (i.e., the solubility limit). The aforementioned numerical integration gives, as outputs, the optimized rotor speed as a function of time, and the solute concentrations as a function of space and time. A characteristic of the aforementioned simulation method is that it has no natural simulation endpoint. Left to its own device, it will continue indefinitely to determine solute concentrations as functions of space and time, and rotor speed as a function of time, even though the concentrations and rotor speed asymptotically approach limits. For the optimization method to be practical, therefore, some other method needs to be invoked concurrently that periodically checks the status of the simulated run and tells the computer when the simulated DNA separation is complete, at least within specified limits.

Terminating centrifugation on the basis of the mathematically simulated motions of solute band-edges


A shift register circuit includes an input terminal, a reset terminal, a first scan voltage terminal, a second scan voltage terminal, a first reference voltage terminal, a second reference voltage terminal, a clock terminal, an output terminal, an input circuit, a first control circuit, a second control circuit, and an output circuit. The first control circuit is configured to supply a second reference voltage applied at the second reference voltage terminal to a first node and bring the second reference voltage terminal into conduction with the output terminal in response to a second node being at an active potential. The second control circuit is configured to supply a first reference voltage applied at the first reference voltage terminal to the first node and bring the first reference voltage terminal into conduction with the output terminal in response to a third node being at an active potential.

A gate driver that includes a plurality of cascaded shift register units is operable to generate and supply gate drive signals to a pixel array of a display panel. In certain existing gate drivers, one or more of the transistors in the shift register unit may be in a direct current (DC) biased state during operation, resulting in a threshold voltage drift and a reduced lifetime of the transistor. This may further cause anomalies in the generated gate drive signal.

Shift register circuit, driving method thereof, gate driver and display panel

HEFEI BOE OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.


A respirator for a compressed air breathing apparatus including a lung machine controlled by a control membrane and an expiratory valve with an air outlet. The air outlet of the expiratory valve and the control membrane of the lung machine are covered by a common lid spaced from the expiratory valve and control membrane, with there being at least one air discharge opening on the lid that forms a purging space around the control membrane through which air from the air outlet passes so as to move against the control membrane and to the at least one discharge opening.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a respirator mask for a compressed air breathing apparatus with a lung machine controlled by a control membrane and an expiratory valve with an air outlet.
2. Background Art
Respirator masks, when combined with a compressed air respirator, are typically operated with a lung machine that is connected to the facepiece by a screwed or plug-in connection. The air supply from a pressure reducer via a medium-pressure line is controlled by a control membrane operated by the mask wearer's inhaling that mechanically acts on a control valve which in turn releases the medium-pressure line as required. The thin membrane made of an elastic material is of course highly sensitive to environmental conditions involving extreme temperatures and aggressive media. The functioning of the membrane may be impaired, for example, by reduced elasticity in low temperatures which adversely affects resistance to breathing and sensitivity, or if the membrane material is penetrated, destroyed, or severely mechanically damaged by aggressive gases such as hydrogen sulfide or phosgene.

Respiratory protection mask for a compressed air breathing apparatus


The present application discloses a natural gas compressor, a natural gas compressor assembly, a system for compressing natural gas, and a method of compressing natural gas. In certain embodiments, the natural gas compressor comprises a housing, a plurality of cylinder piston assemblies disposed within the housing, and a drive system for moving the pistons of the cylinder piston assemblies to compress natural gas within the cylinders of the assemblies. Each cylinder piston assembly comprises a piston for compressing natural gas within a cylinder of the assembly. The plurality of cylinder piston assemblies are fluidly connected in sequence such that each assembly forms a compression stage of the compressor.

Natural gas compressors for refueling vehicles are often too large to be installed within an automobile and may introduce lubricants such as oil or grease into the compressed gas which may harm the vehicle. Such compressors also often require significant service and maintenance, sometimes as often as every 8 hours. Further, the product life cycles of these compressors are often short as major service is required to overhaul complicated cranks, yokes, and sliders within the compressor that wear or fail.


An access-point node to a first network cell of a radio access network, to an access-center node and to a radio access network enable local service providers in rural areas to provide mobile telecommunication at low cost for end users. The access-point node of the invention is configured to establish, maintain, and release a local user-data radio channel, which consists of a first local channel section having as endpoints a first terminal device located in the network cell and the access-point node, and of a second local channel section having as endpoints the access-point node and a second terminal device located in the network cell. The access-point node is configured to exchange packetized user data and control data with an assigned superordinate access-center node for establishing, maintaining and releasing communication between the first terminal device and a third terminal device located outside the network cell. Link cost between the radio access network and the core network may be strongly reduced.

Wireless telecommunication services are today offered to a large fraction of the world's population. To this end, access networks have been installed, which allow an end user equipped with a terminal device for wireless communication making use of voice and data communication with other end users throughout the world. The currently most widespread technology standard used for wireless communication is the global system for mobile communication, short GSM.
In the following, the GSM architecture will be shortly summarized with reference to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 shows the essential components of a GSM public land mobile network (PLMN) 10 serving terminal devices TD1, TD2 and TD3. The terminal devices TD1 and TD2 are located in a first network cell 12 formed by the radio area coverage of the first base transceiver station (BTS) 14. A second and third BTS 16 and 18 cover second and third network cells 20 and 22. As can be seen from FIG. 1, several BTSs together are controlled by one base station controller (BSC) 24. Similarly, a second BSC 26 controls the first transceiver station 14. The combined traffic of terminal devices TD1 to TD3 in their respective network cells is routed through a mobile switching center MSC 28. Connections originating from or terminating in a fixed network such as a public switched telephone network (PSTN) or an integrated services data network (ISDN) are handled by a gateway mobile switching center (GMSC) 30.
The MSC 28 is connected to a number of databases for call control and network management. A home location register (HLR) 32 stores permanent data such as a user profile for users registered with a network operator. The HLR is accessed first, when a user's current location has to be determined in the case of a call. A visitor location register (VLR) 34 stores the data of users who are currently in a certain area. The VLR may also assign and store local data's such as a temporary identification. An authentication (AUC) 36 generates and stores security-related data such as keys used for authentication and encryption. An equipment identity register (EIR) 38 registers equipment data.
The base transceiver stations and the base station controllers for a base station subsystem of a GSM radio access network. The MSC, GMSC, HLR and VLR form components of a switching and management subsystem (SMSS).
Next, the functionality of a MSC is explained in more detail. The MSC forms a switching node of a GSM PLMN. In addition to providing all functionalities known from a switching node of a PSTN, an MSC further assigns and manages wireless resources and the mobility of terminal devices. Therefore, an MSC registers the current location of terminal devices and provides handover functionality for continued communication during the change of a terminal device from one network cell to another.
In establishing a call between terminal devices TD1 and TD2 located within identical network cells according to the GSM standard, both control data used for establishing the connection and user data, which form the actual user information to be transferred between the terminal devices, are routed from an originating terminal device, say TD1 to the BTS 14, BSC 26 and MSC 28, and back from MSC 28 to BSC 26, BTS 14 and TD2. The term control data is used herein with a general meaning to include both control requests or commands and control parameters related to a request or a command.
WO 2004/002177, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, describes a method, in which the transmission path just described for a regular call between terminal devices can be switched to a shorter path for the transmitted user data, which involves only the base station subsystem (BSS) and does not access a core network.
The proliferation of wireless access networks typically ends in regions, where the majority of the population cannot afford to use wireless telecommunication services offered at a cost, which at least compensates the capital expenditure for installing and operating the access network. For this reason, wireless telecommunication services are not widely available in rural areas with a population that has too small an income to justify the investment of installing and operating a wireless access network.
Prototype systems are being given a trial in various markets, which provide wireless access through wireless local area networks based on IEEE 802.11 standards. Voice calls are enabled by using a voice-over-internet-protocol (VoIP)-technology. However, providing mobile coverage for rural environments is not economically feasible with this solution due to the dispersed population in rural areas and the low area coverage per access point. Efforts are being made to increase the area coverage and the transmission speed. However, the ability of the corresponding technologies based on IEEE 802.11 standards to provide high-speed access and large area coverage implies high power requirements and a higher cost for the chipset, which translates into higher overall system costs for a feature, which in the market under consideration is not of much relevance. For a rural market, low power consumption for both mobile devices and network nodes is an important requirement.

Low-cost radio access network enabling local switching


A method of marking fibers, wherein the method includes providing a plurality of fibers; depositing a marker onto at least a portion of the fibers, the depositing being performed with a delivery mechanism comprising one or more outlets; and thereby marking the fibers. Also provided is a device for marking fibers, including a transport system adapted to transport fibers in a direction of a marker delivery apparatus positioned along the transport system; the delivery apparatus includes one or more outlets, adapted to deposit a solution of the marker through the outlets onto at least a portion of the fibers; and thereby marking the fibers. Authentication of a fibrous material using the marking method of the invention followed obtaining a sample of the marked fibers and assaying the sample for the presence of the nucleic acid marker; and thereby determining whether the fibrous material is authentic or counterfeit.

Cotton is an essential cash crop throughout the world. Many parts of the cotton plant are useful; however, cotton is particularly important in forming a variety of goods, for example, fabrics, clothing and many household items such as towels and tablecloths, etc. The use of cotton to generate fabric begins with processing of bales of cotton to liberate cotton fibers. Bales of cotton are typically opened by automated machinery to remove unprocessed lint. The lint can then be further cleaned by, for example, using a blower to separate short components of the lint from cotton fibers. The cotton fibers can then be woven into longer strands sometimes referred to as cotton yarn. The woven cotton fibers are useful in the manufacture of many different items, for example, fabrics, clothing and household items.
A single pound of cotton may yield many millions of cotton fibers. However, the lengths of individual cotton fibers vary according to the species or cultivars of the cotton plant from which the fibers originated. The quality of fabrics produced from cotton fibers vary according to the length of the individual cotton fibers. Relatively short cotton fibers are commonly harvested, for example, from the cotton species G. hirsutum, G. herbaceum, and G. arboreum. The relatively short fibers are generally considered of lower quality than longer cotton fibers harvested from the cotton species G. barbadense. G. barbadense-derived cotton fibers are commonly referred to as Extra Long Staple (ELS) cotton. ELS cotton is generally considered to produce higher quality and higher value fabrics, clothing, household items, and related products. Types of ELS cotton include, for example, American Pima, Egyptian, and Indian Suvin. Products carrying an ELS label, such as the aforementioned, American Pima, Egyptian, Supima, or Indian Suvin labels will generally command a higher price than products lacking such a designation.
Variability in cotton quality has lead to concerns over the authenticity of and accurate identification of quality cotton products. Once raw cotton or products containing cotton enter into the stream of commerce, which may include worldwide trade, it is often difficult to reliably determine whether cotton advertised as ELS cotton is, in fact, authentic or is blended or is composed entirely of short fiber cotton. It also may be difficult to determine whether a particular cotton product originated from a particular location, region or manufacturer. For example, counterfeit products manufactured from short fiber cotton may be inappropriately or fraudulently labeled as ELS, American Pima, Egyptian, or Indian Suvin cotton. Cotton products may also be fraudulently labeled as originating from a particular region of the world (e.g., as Egyptian cotton). There is an unmet need for a method of determining whether a particular article of cotton is entirely composed of authentic ELS cotton, or is a counterfeit article that includes significant amounts of or is in fact entirely composed of short staple cotton.
Counterfeiting and blending of high-end products with cheaper material has become a major liability problem for major brand names. The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) reported that in 2008, counterfeited goods resulted in a loss of $650 billion in revenues and 2.5 million jobs. The ICC projected that the loss in revenues will exceed $1.7 trillion in 2015, which is equivalent to 2% of the world economy. In addition to the revenue losses, certain counterfeit products were linked directly to serious health and safety issues. The counterfeit goods have infiltrated most industries from textiles to microchips, and even pharmaceuticals.

Method and device for marking fibrous materials


A hydraulic draw-works comprises several hydraulic cylinders of mixed orientation, such that some hydraulic cylinders actuate upwards and some hydraulic cylinders actuate downwards. These cylinders are connected by a plurality of braces mounted along a guide rail, and the drill head is mounted on a carriage along the guide rail and actuated by the upwards-oriented cylinders. The use of mixed orientation cylinders allows the effective vertical stroke length required to raise and lower the drill head to be halved. In a preferred embodiment, through-rod porting of the downwards-oriented cylinders supplies hydraulic fluid to the remainder through a manifold, and digitally controlled directional valves allow precise control of the drill head.

In the oil and gas industry, and water well industry, a draw works is an apparatus by which a drill head or a top drive is raised and lowered along a vertically positioned derrick or mast to facilitate downward, vertical, and/or lateral drilling. Such drilling can be achieved by utilizing oil country tubular goods (OCTG) or tubulars and all related tooling, instruments and mechanical devices that are driven by the draw works, in a downward vertical direction to bore a hole. Thereafter, the tubular can be detached and the drill head can be moved upward to receive another tubular for connection to the previous tubular and downward movement into the well bore for continued vertical and/or lateral drilling.
Furthermore, the draw works can be used to remove tubulars and related tooling, instruments, and mechanical devices from the bore hole. During the removal process, the draw works lifts and withdraws the uppermost tubular of a tubular string, allowing the tubular to be detached. Once detached, the draw works can lower the tubular where it can be removed for storage. Lastly, the draw works can be attached to the next uppermost tubular extending from the bore hole and lifted to withdraw a subsequent section of the tubular string from the bore hole.
Draw works is a required apparatus for the vertical and/or lateral drilling and must be able to lift and position tubulars vertically above the bore hole. The hydraulic draw works of the present disclosure can replace prior draw works, which may contain rack and pinion devices, cable devices, combined cable and hydraulic devices, wire line winches with stationary sheave, or travelling sheave and wire line assemblies
One or more embodiments are described below with reference to the listed Figures.


Aspects of the present disclosure involve systems and methods for performing operations comprising receiving, with a messaging application, user input to access a graphical image modification feature of the messaging application; in response to receiving, causing display of a video; accessing a first configuration rule of a plurality of configuration rules that associates a first device property rule with the graphical image modification feature of the messaging application; determining that the first configuration rule is satisfied by a first property of the client device; and in response to determining that the first configuration rule is satisfied by the first property of the client device, causing display of a first plurality of graphical image modification options each associated with performing a different modification to the video.

As consumption of content on mobile devices continues to grow, application developers seek new ways to engage users. Application developers constantly release new versions of their applications that have additional features to keep their users interested. Application developers, though, often fail to consider the capabilities of the hardware devices used to run the applications, which can negatively impact the new application releases.

Automated graphical image modification scaling based on rules