The instant invention provides crystalline forms of 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-7-oxo-6-[4-(2-oxo-1 (2H)pyridinyl)phenyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-3-carboxamide and its solvates thereof; processes for the production of such crystalline forms; pharmaceutical compositions comprising such crystalline forms; and methods of treating thromboembolic disorders with such crystalline forms or such pharmaceutical compositions.

Activated factor Xa, whose major practical role is the generation of thrombin by the limited proteolysis of prothrombin, holds a central position that links the intrinsic and extrinsic activation mechanisms in the final common pathway of blood coagulation. The generation of thrombin, the final serine protease in the pathway to generate a fibrin clot, from its precursor is amplified by formation of prothrombinase complex (factor Xa, factor V, Ca2+ and phospholipid). Since it is calculated that one molecule of factor Xa can generate 138 molecules of thrombin (Elodi, S., Varadi, K.: Optimization of conditions for the catalytic effect of the factor IXa-factor VIII Complex: Probable role of the complex in the amplification of blood coagulation. Thromb. Res. 1979, 15, 617-629), inhibition of factor Xa may be more efficient than inactivation of thrombin in interrupting the blood coagulation system.
U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0191115, which is herein incorporated by reference, discloses 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-7-oxo-6-[4-(2-oxo-1(2H)pyridinyl)phenyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-3-carboxamide (hereinafter referred to as "Compound (I)"):
Compound (I) is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of coagulation Factor Xa and thus is useful in preventing or treating thromboembolic disorders.
Treatment or prevention of the foregoing disorders may be accomplished by administering a therapeutically effective amount of Compound (I) to a human or animal subject in need of such treatment or prevention. The treatment with Compound (I) may be accomplished by its use as a single compound, as a pharmaceutical composition ingredient, or in combination with other therapeutic agents. Compound (I) may be administered by oral administration, continuous intravenous infusion, bolus intravenous administration or any other suitable route such that it preferably achieves the desired effect of preventing the Factor Xa induced formation of thrombin from prothrombin.
Crystalline forms of Compound (I) have not been known to exist previously. There exists a need for crystalline forms which may exhibit desirable and beneficial chemical and physical properties. There also exists a need for reliable and reproducible methods for the manufacture, purification, and formulation of Compound (I) to permit its feasible commercialization. The present invention is directed to these, as well as other important aspects.

Crystalline forms of a factor Xa inhibitor


An image reading device includes an information storage unit that stores, in an associated manner, error information on errors occurred due to a previous scan operation and operator information on an operator who produced errors, and an error analyzing unit that determines whether an error occurred due to a scan operation of a specific operator is an operator-dependent error, based on the error information and the operator information stored in the information storage unit.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an image reading device, and an image reading system.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the conventional art, to solve errors such as a paper jam or a multiple feed occurring in an image reading device such as a copying machine or a facsimile machine, a technique of analyzing an error occurrence count and a trend thereof to displays a warning message, determine the time to perform maintenance of the device, predict and suggest the optimal countermeasure time, and requesting maintenance to a customer engineer is known (for example, see Japanese Patent No. 3,422,399 and Japanese Patent No. 4,849,254).
However, in these conventional arts, errors resulting from an operator who uses the image reading device are not distinguished from errors resulting from the state of the image reading device itself. The countermeasure methods for operator-dependent errors and device-dependent errors are different. For example, a scanner device which is an example of the image reading device has such characteristics that the occurrence frequency of the operator-dependent errors is higher than other devices since the type of sheet to be read and the sheet setting operation are likely to change from person to person. Therefore, to suggest an appropriate countermeasure method for errors occurring in the image reading device, in particular, the scanner device, it is desirable to determine the factors of the errors with high accuracy.

Image reading device and image reading system


An inline measuring device includes a vibration-type measurement pickup having at least one measuring tube, which has a medium to be measured flowing through it during operation. The measuring tube is made by means of an exciter arrangement to execute, at least at times and/or at least in part, lateral oscillations and, at least at times and/or at least in part, torsional oscillations about an imaginary measuring tube longitudinal axis. The torsional oscillations alternate with the lateral oscillations or are, at times, superimposed thereon. Also included is a sensor arrangement for producing oscillation measurement signals correspondingly representing oscillations of the measuring tube. Measuring device electronics controlling the exciter arrangement generates, by means of at least one of the oscillation measurement signals and/or by means of the exciter current, at least at times, at least one measured value, which represents the at least one physical quantity to be measured. Additionally, the measuring device electronics also determines a first intermediate value, which corresponds to the lateral current component of the exciter current serving to maintain the lateral oscillations of the measuring tube and/or to a damping of the lateral oscillations of the measuring tube, as well as a second intermediate value, which corresponds to a torsional current component of the exciter current serving to maintain the torsional oscillations of the measuring tube and/or to a damping of the torsional oscillations of the measuring tube. With the goal of producing the measured value at high accuracy, such value is determined also taking into consideration these two intermediate values. The measured value obtained in this way is distinguished especially by high accuracy also in the case of media of two, or more, phases.

In the technology of process measurements and automation, the measurement of physical parameters of a medium flowing in a pipeline, parameters such as e.g. the mass flow rate, density and/or viscosity, such inline measuring devices, especially Coriolis mass flow measuring devices, are used, which bring about reaction forces in the medium, such as e.g. Coriolis forces corresponding to the mass flow rate, inertial forces corresponding to the density, or frictional forces corresponding to the viscosity, etc., by means of a vibratory measurement pickup inserted into the course of the pipeline carrying the medium and traversed during operation by the medium, and by means of a measurement and operating circuit connected therewith. Derived from these reaction forces, the measuring devices then produce a measurement signal representing the particular mass flow rate, the particular viscosity and/or the particular density of the medium. Inline measuring devices of this type, utilizing a vibratory measurement pickup, as well as their manner of operation, are known per se to those skilled in the art and are described in detail in e.g. WO-A 03/095950, WO-A 03/095949, WO-A 03/076880, WO-A 02/37063, WO-A 01/33174, WO-A 00/57141, WO-A 99/39164, WO-A 98/07009, WO-A 95/16897, WO-A 88/03261, US 2003/0208325, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,691,583, 66 51 51 13, 6,513,393, 6,505,519, 6,006,609, 5,869,770, 5,796,011, 5,616,868, 5,602,346, 5,602,345, 5,531,126, 5,301,557, 5,253,533, 5,218,873, 5,069,074, 4,876,898, 4,733,569, 4,660,421, 4,524,610, 4,491,025, 4,187,721, EP-A 1 291 639, EP-A 1 281 938, EP-A 1 001 254 or EP-A 553 939.
For guiding the medium, the measurement pickups include at least one measuring tube with a straight tube segment held in a, for example, tubular or box-shaped, support frame. For producing the above-mentioned reaction forces during operation, the tube segment is caused to vibrate, driven by an electromechanical exciter arrangement. For registering vibrations of the tube segment, particularly at its inlet and outlet ends, the measurement pickups additionally include an electrophysical sensor arrangement reacting to movements of the tube segment.
In the case of Coriolis mass flow measuring devices, the measurement of the mass flow rate of a medium flowing in a pipeline rests, for example, on having the medium flow through the measuring tube inserted into the pipeline and oscillating during operation laterally to a measuring tube axis, whereby Coriolis forces are induced in the medium. These, in turn, effect that the inlet and outlet end regions of the measuring tube oscillate shifted in phase relative to one another. The magnitude of this phase shift serves as a measure of the mass flow rate. The oscillations of the measuring tube are, to this end, registered by means of two oscillation sensors of the above-mentioned sensor arrangement separated from one another along the length of the measuring tube and are transformed into oscillation measurement signals, from whose phase shift relative to one another the mass flow rate is derived.
Already the above-mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 4,187,721 mentions, further, that the instantaneous density of the flowing medium can also be measured by means of such inline measuring devices, and, indeed, on the basis of a frequency of at least one of the oscillation measurement signals delivered from the sensor arrangement. Moreover, usually also a temperature of the medium is directly measured in suitable manner, for example by means of a temperature sensor arranged on the measuring tube. Additionally, straight measuring tubes can, as is known, upon being excited to torsional oscillations about a torsional oscillation axis extending essentially parallel to, or coinciding with, the longitudinal axis of the measuring tube, effect that radial shearing forces are produced in the medium as it flows through the tube, whereby significant oscillation energy is withdrawn from the torsional oscillations and dissipated in the medium. As a result of this, a considerable damping of the torsional oscillations of the oscillating measuring tube occurs, so that, additionally, electrical exciting power must be added, in order to maintain the torsional oscillations. On the basis of the electrical exciting power required to maintain the torsional oscillations of the measuring tube, the measurement pickup can also be used to determine, at least approximately, a viscosity of the medium; compare, in this connection also U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,524,610, 5,253,533, 6,006,609 or 6,651,513. It can, consequently, assumed, without more in the following, that, even when not expressly stated, modern inline measuring devices using a vibratory measurement pickup, especially Coriolis mass flow measuring devices, have the ability to measure, in any case, also density, viscosity and/or temperature of the medium, especially since these are always needed anyway in the measurement of mass flow rate for the compensation of measurement errors arising from fluctuating density and/or viscosity of the medium; compare, in this connection, especially the already mentioned U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,513,393, 6,006,609, 5,602,346, WO-A 02/37063, WO-A 99/39164 or also WO-A 00/36379.
In the application of inline measuring devices using a vibratory measurement-pickup, it has, however, become evident, as also discussed, for example, in JP-A 10-281846, WO-A 03/076880, EP-A 1 291 639, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,505,519 or 4,524,610, that, in the case of inhomogeneous media, especially two, or more, phase media, the oscillation measurement signals derived from the oscillations of the measuring tube, especially also the mentioned phase shift, can be subject to fluctuations to a considerable degree and, thus, in some cases, can be completely unusable for the measurement of the desired physical parameters, without the use of auxiliary measures, this in spite of keeping the viscosity and density in the individual phases of the medium, as well as also the mass flow rate, practically constant and/or appropriately taking them into consideration. Such inhomogeneous media can, for example, be liquids, into which, as is e.g. practically unavoidable in dosing or bottling processes, a gas, especially air, present in the pipeline is entrained or out of which a dissolved medium, e.g. carbon dioxide, outgasses and leads to foam formation. As other examples of such inhomogeneous media, emulsions and wet, or saturated, steam can be named. As causes for the fluctuations arising in the measurement of inhomogeneous media by means of vibratory measurement pickups, the following can be noted by way of example: the unilateral clinging or deposit of gas bubbles or solid particles, entrained in liquids, internally on the measuring tube wall, and the so-called "bubble-effect", where gas bubbles entrained in the liquid act as flow bodies for liquid volumes accelerated transversely to the longitudinal axis of the measuring tube.
While, for decreasing the measurement errors associated with two, or more, phase media, a flow, respectively medium, conditioning preceding the actual flow rate measurement is proposed in WO-A 03/076880, both JP-A 10-281846 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,505,519, for example, describe a correction of the flow rate measurement, especially the mass flow rate measurement, based on the oscillation measurement signals, which correction rests especially on the evaluation of deficits between a highly accurately measured, actual medium density and an apparent medium density determined by means of Coriolis mass flow measuring devices during operation.
In particular, pre-trained, in some cases even adaptive, classifiers of the oscillation measurement signals are proposed for this. The classifiers can, for example, be designed as a Kohonen map or neural network, and the correction is made either on the basis of some few parameters, especially the mass flow rate and the density measured during operation, as well as other features derived therefrom, or also using an interval of the oscillation measurement signals encompassing one or more oscillation periods. The use of such a classifier brings, for example, the advantage that, in comparison to conventional Coriolis mass flow/density meters, no, or only very slight, changes have to be made at the measurement pickup, in terms of mechanical construction, the exciter arrangement or the operating circuit driving such, which are specially adapted for the particular application. However, a considerable disadvantage of such classifiers includes, among others, that, in comparison to conventional Coriolis mass flow measuring devices, considerable changes are required in the area of the measured value production, above all with regards to the analog-to-digital transducer being used and the microprocessors. As, namely, also described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,505,519, required for such a signal evaluation, for example, in the digitizing of the oscillation measurement signals, which can exhibit an oscillation frequency of about 80 Hz, is a sampling rate of about 55 kHz or more, in order to obtain a sufficient accuracy. Stated differently, the oscillation measurement signals have to be samples with a sampling ratio of far above 600:1. Beyond this, also the firmware stored and executed in the digital measurement circuit is correspondingly complex. A further disadvantage of such classifiers is that they must be trained and correspondingly validated for the conditions of measurement actually existing during operation of the measurement pickup, be it regarding the particulars of the installation, the medium to be measured and its usually variable properties, or other factors influencing the accuracy of measurement. Because of the high complexity of the interplay of all these factors, the training and its validation can occur ultimately only on site and individually for each measurement pickup, this in turn meaning a considerable effort for the startup of the measurement pickup. Finally, it has been found, that such classifier algorithms, on the one hand because of the high complexity, on the other because of the fact that usually a corresponding physical-mathematical model with technically relevant or comprehensible parameters is not explicitly present, exhibit a very low transparency and are, consequently, often difficult to explain. Accompanying this situation, it is clear that considerable reservations can occur on the part of the customer, with such acceptance problems especially arising when the classifier, additionally, is self-adapting, for example a neural network.
As a further possibility for getting around the problem of inhomogeneous media, it is proposed, for instance, already in U.S. Pat. No. 4,524,610 to install the measurement pickup such that the straight measuring tube extends essentially vertically, in order to prevent, as much as possible, a deposition of such disturbing, especially gaseous, inhomogeneities. Here, however, one is dealing with a very special solution which cannot always be implemented, without more, in the technology of industrial process measurement. On the one hand, in this case, it can happen, namely, that the pipeline, into which the measurement pickup is to be inserted, might have to be adapted to the measurement pickup, rather than the reverse, which can mean an increased expense for implementing the measurement location. On the other hand, as already mentioned, the measuring tubes might have a curved shape, in which case the problem cannot always be solved satisfactorily by an adapting of the installation orientation anyway. It has, moreover, been found in this case that the aforementioned corruptions of the measurement signal are not necessarily prevented with certainty by the use of a vertically installed, straight measuring tube anyway.


A catheter system comprising a delivery catheter with distal and proximal ends; a handle attached to the proximal end of the delivery catheter; the delivery catheter having an electrode deployment means where said electrode deployment means includes a retractable tip section comprising a plurality of deployable parallel electrodes. The tip section has a non-deployed state when it is positioned in the delivery catheter. On the other hand, the tip section has a distended deployed state when it is advanced out of the distal end of said delivery catheter; wherein the deployed electrodes on the tip section has a preformed shape in a parallel manner. This catheter is particularly useful for treating the patient having tachycardia as a result of its more effective electrodes arrangement for intimate tissue contact.

Symptoms of abnormal heart rhythms are generally referred to as cardiac arrhythmias, with an abnormally rapid rhythm being referred to as a tachycardia. The present invention is concerned with the treatment of tachycardias which are frequently caused by the presence of an "arrhythmogenic site" or "accessory atrioventricular pathway" close to the inner surface of the chambers of a heart. The heart includes a number of normal pathways which are responsible for the propagation of electrical signals from upper to lower chamber necessary for performing normal systole and diastole function. The presence of arrhythmogenic site or accessory pathway can bypass or short circuit the normal pathway, potentially resulting in very rapid heart contractions, referred to here as tachycardias.
Treatment of tachycardias may be accomplished by a variety of approaches, including drugs, surgery, implantable pacemakers/defibrillators, and catheter ablation. While drugs may be the treatment of choice for many patients, they only mask the symptoms and do not cure the underlying causes. Implantable devices only correct the arrhythmia after it occurs. Surgical and catheter-based treatments, in contrast, will actually cure the problem, usually by ablating the abnormal arrhythmogenic tissue or accessory pathway responsible for the tachycardia. It is important for a physician to accurately steer the catheter to the exact site for ablation. Once at the site, it is important for a physician to control the emission of energy to ablate the tissue within the heart.
Of particular interest to the present invention are radiofrequency (RF) ablation protocols which have proven to be highly effective in tachycardia treatment while exposing a patient to minimal side effects and risks. Radiofrequency catheter ablation is generally performed after conducting an initial mapping study where the locations of the arrhythmogenic site and/or accessory pathway are determined. After a mapping study, an ablation catheter is usually introduced to the target heart chamber and is manipulated so that the ablation tip electrode lies exactly at the target tissue site. Radiofrequency energy or other suitable energy is then applied through the tip electrode to the cardiac tissue in order to ablate the tissue of arrhythmogenic site or the accessory pathway. By successfully destroying that tissue, the abnormal signal patterns responsible for the tachycardia may be eliminated.
The tip section of a catheter is referred to herein as the portion of that catheter shaft containing at least one electrode. In one embodiment, a catheter utilized in the endocardial mapping and/or radiofrequency ablation is inserted into a major vein or artery, usually in the neck or groin area. The catheter is then guided into an appropriate chamber of the heart by appropriate manipulation through the vein or artery. The tip of a catheter must be manipulatable by a physician from the proximal end of the catheter, so that the electrodes at the tip section can be positioned against the tissue site to be mapped or ablated. The catheter must have a great deal of flexibility in order to follow the pathway of major blood vessels into the heart. It must permit user manipulation of the tip even when the catheter body is in a curved and/or twisted configuration.
The tip section of a conventional electrophysiology catheter that is deflectable usually contains a plurality of electrodes in series. Several regions of the endocardial surface are relatively rough. When the tip section of a catheter is placed against the endocardial surface, some electrodes on the catheter shaft at the tip section do not contact the endocardial surface. Instead, portion of the catheter shaft at the tip section lies at the ridge of the trabecula. It is one object of the present invention to have a plurality of electrodes not in series on the tip section of a catheter to improve the electrodes contact.
Therefore, while an electrophysiology procedure using an existing catheter has had promising results, the tip section of a known catheter usually has a plurality of electrodes in series. There is a clinical need for an improved catheter and methods comprising a plurality of parallel electrodes for making an intimate contact of the electrode with the target tissues.

Catheter system having parallel electrodes


A method and system for performing optical proximity correction (OPC) on an integrated circuit (IC) mask design is disclosed. The system and method of the present invention includes identifying a feature in the IC mask design, generating an isofocal contour for the identified feature, wherein the isofocal contour is a continuum of isofocal points corresponding to points on an edge of the identified feature, and utilizing the isofocal contour to estimate an amount of correction needed to produce a resist image significantly identical to the identified feature.

The minimum feature sizes of integrated circuits (ICs) have been shrinking for years. Commensurate with this size reduction, various process limitations have made IC fabrication more difficult. One area of fabrication technology in which such limitations have appeared is photolithography.
Photolithography involves selectively exposing regions of a resist coated silicon wafer to a radiation pattern, and then developing the exposed resist in order to selectively protect regions of wafer layers.
An integral component of photolithographic apparatus is a "reticle" which includes a pattern corresponding to features at one layer in an IC design. The reticle typically includes a transparent glass plate covered with a patterned light blocking material such as chromium. The reticle is placed between a radiation source producing radiation of a pre-selected wavelength and a focusing lens which may form part of a "stepper" apparatus. Placed beneath the stepper is a resist covered silicon wafer. When the radiation from the radiation source is directed onto the reticle, light passes through the glass (regions not having chromium patterns) projects onto the resist covered silicon wafer to produce photo-generated acid. The resist is typically baked to undergo chemical changes that alter its dissolution properties. Subsequent development process is needed to obtain the relief image on wafer. In this manner, an image of the reticle is transferred to the resist.
As light passes through the reticle, it is refracted and scattered by the chromium edges. This causes the projected image to exhibit some rounding and other optical distortion. Furthermore, resist processing effects during the bake process, such as nonlinear diffusion of the photo-generated acid, exacerbate the pattern distortion on the wafer. Subsequent pattern transfer processing effects, such as etch bias, further degrade the pattern fidelity. While such effects pose relatively little difficulty in layouts with large feature sizes (e.g., layouts with critical dimensions above about 1 micron), they cannot be ignored in layouts having features smaller than about 1 micron. The problems become especially pronounced in IC designs having feature sizes near the wavelength of light used in the photolithographic process.
To remedy this problem, a reticle correction technique known as optical and process corrections (OPC) has been developed. Optical and process corrections involve adding dark regions to and/or subtracting dark regions from a reticle design at locations chosen to overcome the distorting effects of diffraction and scattering. Typically, OPC is performed on a digital representation of a desired IC pattern. First, the digital pattern is evaluated with software to identify regions where optical distortion will result. Then the optical proximity correction is applied to compensate for the distortion. The resulting pattern is ultimately transferred to the reticle glass.
In addition, a technique related to OPC, which improves the depth of focus, involves the use of modified subresolution assist features (SRAFs). FIG. 1 is an top plan view of a test pattern on a mask utilizing SRAFs. Typically, SRAFs 10 are located near open-ended edges 12a of features 12, although they can be utilized wherever corrections are necessary. SRAFs 10 reduce proximity effects without projecting an image onto the resist.
The degree of correction or the location of a SRAF for a given feature is determined largely by empirical methods. That is, experiments are conducted with reticles having "test" patterns to determine the illumination pattern produced on a wafer by light shown through the test pattern. The deviation between the actual illumination pattern and the desired feature pattern is used to determine how much correction is required for a reticle used to produce the desired feature pattern.
Each correction applies only to the pattern having the exact size and geometry as that tested. If the width of a feature or the separation between features changes, the correction also changes. Thus, given the huge range of IC feature variations, a potentially infinite number of test reticles would have to be produced to account for every pattern that might be encountered. To avoid this cumbersome task, exposure-latitude-based image intensity characteristics, such as image slope, maximum intensity, and minimum intensity, have been utilized to estimate the correction necessary for a particular feature.
While this approach provides some starting point, those skilled in the art will appreciate that lithography process performance is governed by depth-of-focus characteristics as well as exposure latitude. By utilizing only exposure latitude based image intensity characteristics, an undesirably large set of data values is required to ensure adequate modeling. Moreover, exposure latitude based image intensity characteristics provide no guidance as to where to locate SRAFs.
Accordingly, what is needed is an improved system and method for accurately estimating the degree of optical and process correction necessary for a given feature. The system and method should take into consideration exposure latitude and depth of focus characteristics. The present invention addresses such a need.

Method and system for utilizing an isofocal contour to perform optical and process corrections


An organic light emitting device comprises: one or more first transflective members disposed on the substrate; one or more pixel electrodes disposed on the respective one or more first transflective members; one or more first organic light emitting members disposed on the respective one or more pixel electrodes; one or more second transflective members disposed on the respective one or more first organic light emitting members; one or more second organic light emitting members disposed on the respective second transflective members; and a common electrode disposed on the one or more second organic light emitting members. Other embodiments are also provided.

(a) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an organic light emitting device.
(b) Description of the Related Art
Because an organic light emitting device is self-emissive, it does not require a separate light source, and therefore lower power consumption is achievable. In addition, organic light emitting devices can provide a high response speed, a wide viewing angle, and high contrast ratio.
An organic light emitting device includes a plurality of pixels, and may include red, blue, and green pixels to display color images by mixing red, blue and green light.
Each pixel of an organic light emitting device includes an organic light emitting element. The organic light emitting elements are driven by thin film transistors.
An organic light emitting element includes an anode, a cathode, and an organic light emitting member disposed therebetween. Each organic light emitting member emits light of a respective one of three primary colors such as red, green, and blue, or alternatively emits white light. The organic light emitting member is made of materials suitable for emitting the desired color. If white light is desired, the organic light emitting member can be made of a stack of red, blue and green emitting materials which together provide white light. Of note, a non-white pixel can be obtained by using a white organic light emitting member with a color filter.
The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and may therefore contain information that is not prior art with respect to the present application.

Organic light emitting diode displays with transflective members


An engine equipped with an air-intake device for a personal watercraft, includes a cylinder head cover attached to an upper surface of a cylinder head, a plug cap with ignition coil configured to protrude upward from an upper surface of the cylinder head cover; and an air box for the air-intake device that is disposed above the cylinder head cover and is provided on a lower surface thereof with an air inlet that opens to be opposite to the upper surface of the cylinder head cover. The air box is disposed in such a manner that the lower surface of the air box is opposite to the upper surface of the cylinder head cover and a gap is formed between the lower surface of the air box and the upper surface of the cylinder head cover so as to form an air flow in the vicinity of the plug cap with ignition coil that is directed to the air inlet of the air box.

In recent years, high-performance engines such as four-stroke engines and multi-cylinder engines for use with personal watercraft have been developed for the purpose of, for example, environmental friendliness. As such an engine, for example, an engine including plug caps with ignition coils is disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3363747.
The plug caps with ignition coils have a structure in which each ignition coil for applying a high voltage to an ignition plug in response to an ignition command from a controller such as an ECU (electric control unit) is integral with the corresponding plug cap. In fields of automobiles and motorcycles, it has been demonstrated that the plug caps with ignition coils can achieve high power efficiency and correct ignition and can contribute to space saving.
When the plug caps with ignition coils are incorporated into the personal watercraft, the following problem arises.
For example, the personal watercraft has a construction in which the engine is disposed in an internal space of a body, namely, an engine room formed of a fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP), and thus has a substantially closed structure to inhibit water entry from the outside. The plug caps with ignition coils cannot radiate heat sufficiently by natural cooling, because the ignition coils are tightly contained in a limited space. In addition, temperature in the internal space of the body tends to increase because of its closed structure. This may further increase the temperature of the plug caps with ignition coils.

Engine equipped with air-intake device for personal watercraft and personal watercraft


A data terminal includes a digital camera for capturing an image and data processing/storage/encoding means for processing the image information, together with an internal server for creating a web site at the terminal displaying the image. As a result high resolution image information is immediately accessible to authorized users and instantly recorded.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a portable computing device or terminal, and in particular a device arranged to link up to the Internet or a private computer network.
2. Description of the Related Art
The Internet computer network is gaining ever increasing significance in the world of science, technology, information and commerce amongst many others. The Internet will be well known to the skilled reader but, in brief summary, comprises a network of computers practically worldwide and accessible from any access point suitably linked to retrieve information contained in the Internet. Various sub-networks exist within the Internet, one of the best known of which is the worldwide web.
Information is commonly stored on the Internet in the form of "pages" often comprising a "home page" relating to a general site and providing guidance and access to the contents at that site, the contents being contained in "sub-pages". A site includes a unique Internet Protocol address or Universe Resource Locator (URL). The site can thus be accessed from any access point to the Internet by entering the relevant address and displaying the site held at that address. The user accesses the Internet via a client computer, for example a PC linked to the Internet. The link will typically be via a modem and telephone line and a service provider or server acts as intermediary, the client accessing the Internet via the server. In addition, the server allows the user to set up an Internet site. It will be appreciated that the server generally comprises a fixed station. Such an arrangement can give rise to an unnecessary level of inflexibility. In particular it is often time consuming and unnecessarily complex to have to access the fixed station server to set up or access an Internet site.
Various developments to Internet related systems have been disclosed in US patents. For example U.S. Pat. No. 5,550,984 relates to a security system for connecting computer networks, U.S. Pat. No. 5,544,162 relates to a bridge for connecting parallel processors to the external environment, U.S. Pat. No. 5,517,494 relates to a routing protocol for multicast messages across the Internet, U.S. Pat. No. 5,416,842 relates to message transmission between firewall servers, U.S. Pat. No. 5,410,754 relates to an interface between a wire line carrier and a remote host on a Local Area Network (LAN), U.S. Pat. No. 5,400,335 relates to an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)—LAN connection terminal, U.S. Pat. No. 5,353,283 relates to packet transmission across a series of modes in a network, U.S. Pat. No. 5,351,237 relates to a network of LAN's connected to an ISDN including a plurality of routers/sub-routers. U.S. Pat. No. 5,309,437 relates to a bridge-type device for coupling segments of an extended LAN, U.S. Pat. No. 5,289,468 relates to a terminal adapter for connecting a LAN and a Wide Area Network (WAN) using an Internet Standard Protocol, U.S. Pat. No. 5,276,789 relates to graphically displaying computer network topology, U.S. Pat. No. 5,229,988 relates to a system for classifying duplicate source address replies, U.S. Pat. No. 5,185,860 relates to a system for determining the nodes connected to a computer network and U.S. Pat. No. 5,166,931 relates to a system for an inter-network arranged to simplify the network addressing system. U.S. Pat. No. 5,442,633 relates to a method for routing a data packet between a mobile host and a destination host via a wireless link between the mobile host and a base station. The base station acts as a physical location of the mobile host and is linked to the network via a LAN sub-network.
The mechanism of file name translation across a distributed network are known, for example, from U.S. Pat. No. 5,483,652, incorporated herewith by reference.
A range of products have been developed by Spyglass Inc. enhancing the Internet connectivity of existing devices. In particular these products are designed to connect electronic products to the worldwide web such as cellular phones, cable T.V. set-top boxes, televisions, personal digital assistants and pagers, providing the infrastructure, applications and services to allow these devices browsing capability across the Internet. One such product is available under the trade mark REMOTE MOSAIC which converts browsing into a client service operation in which lightweight "viewers" are custom-integrated into devices which connect to a "proxy browser" on a remote server. The proxy browser handles applications demanding excessive process or memory capabilities such as caching and connects the device to other servers.
In another aspect there are numerous situations in which an instantaneous image of a scene or object is of considerable use and importance, for example in insurance claims documentation where it is vital to document as accurately and completely as possible the circumstances against which the insurance claim is made. Conventionally details are documented either in writing or by taking photographs using a film camera. This information is then subsequently entered with all other information relating to the insurance claim. Such a system is time consuming and error-prone, in particular because of the subsequent re-entry of information and transfer of the physical photograph to the relevant file. Similar problems arise, for example, in news coverage of an incident, police or other authorities' incident reports and so forth.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,583,994 relates to a multimedia information delivery network system. A wide area transmitter transmits the multimedia programs which are received by a plurality of network servers for re-transmission to downstream network servers or a user. The programs are cached at the network servers as determined by a scheduler for efficient delivery of the multimedia program to each user.
In another aspect, data terminals connected to the Internet are conventionally required to download applets in an appropriate agent implementation language from a host which is a complex and slow process.

Data capture and relay terminal with temperature sensor


A toner particle image made up of toner particles having a mean particle diameter of less than 7 microns and transfer-assisting particles strongly adhering to the surfaces of the toner particles having a mean particle diameter between about 0.01 microns and about 0.2 microns is electrostatically transferred to an intermediate. An intermediate has a base having a Youngs modulus of 10.sup.7 Newtons/m.sup.2 or less and a thin overcoat or skin which has a Youngs modulus of 5.times.10.sup.7 Newtons/m.sup.2 or more. The toner image is then electrostatically transferred from the intermediate image member to a receiving sheet. The surface of the intermediate image member receiving the toner image preferably has a roughness average equal to 20% of the mean diameter of the toner particles or less.

The transfer of very small, dry toner particles from a photoconductor or other image member to a receiving sheet is extremely challenging. Conventional dry toner transfer is accomplished using an electrostatic field. However, studies on the forces which move small particles indicate that, as the particle becomes smaller, the effect of the electrostatic field is less on a particle compared to the effect of ordinary adhesive forces. This has made conventional transfer using an electrostatic field more difficult the smaller the particle.
Because it has been considered not possible to electrostatically transfer particles as small as 3.5 microns in diameter with reasonable efficiency, other transfer means have been investigated. For example, particles as small as 3.5 microns in diameter are transferred by heating them to a temperature which causes them to sinter at least where they touch the surface to which they are to be transferred and to each other; see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,089,363, Rimai et al.
The use of intermediates in electrostatic imaging has also been known for many years and has been used commercially in recent years. Typically, the toner image is formed on a primary image member, for example, a photoconductive member. The image is transferred from the primary image member to an intermediate image member and then from the intermediate to a receiving sheet. Although this approach has some advantages in single-color imaging, it has its greatest advantages in multicolor imaging where the intermediate can be used to receive a number of single-color images in registration to form the multicolor image.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,084,735 discloses the use of particular materials which enhance intermediate transfer of dry toner images made up of particles having a mean particle size of less than 15 microns, including examples in which toners having a mean particle size of 7 microns were effectively transferred to 20 pound bond paper. Especially spectacular results were achieved with an intermediate roller having a relatively soft polyurethane base having a Youngs modulus of about 10.sup.6 Newtons/m.sup.2 with a very thin skin or overcoat of a harder material having a Youngs modulus of about 10.sup.8 Newtons/m.sup.2. Although skins of 1 mil were effective, best results were obtained when the skin was less than 10 microns in thickness.
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 843,587, filed Feb. 28, 1992 in the name of McCabe, describes a toner comprising very small particles of pigmented thermoplastic resin having on their surfaces a coating of small particles which are applied to an aqueous dispersion in a uniform distribution and are strongly adhered to the toner particles. This application discloses extremely small particles of colloidal silica, aluminum oxide or a latex polymer or copolymer of a size less than 0.2 microns which, when properly adhering to the toner particles, can assist in the transfer of such particles.
U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 843,664 and 843,666, filed Feb. 28, 1992 to Aslam et al, disclose examples of the transfer of toners prepared by the methods disclosed in the McCabe application, which toners have a mean particle diameter of 3.5 microns. The transfer is accomplished by a combination of heat and electrostatic field from a photoconductive surface to a conductive intermediate, for example, a metal sheet. The toner is then transferred to a receiving sheet utilizing heat and fused in the same step. Transfers as high or higher than 99% efficiency were obtained with this process to high quality receiving paper.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,084,735 and U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 843,587; 843,664 and 843,666 are all incorporated by reference in this application.

Method of electrostatic transferring very small dry toner particles using an intermediate


The present invention automatically sets an optimum combination for efficiently picking up parts. A plurality of possible combinations of parts to be picked up when the parts are picked up by a plurality of heads, are input to a RAM 4 in the form of a table as quantity conditions and pick up conditions represented by identifiers and part symbols, and are sequentially provided to a CPU 1. The CPU 1 assigns the parts to be actually placed, which are included in the part table, to the part symbols; generates an evaluation table; registers an optimum combination whose evaluation is the highest to the RAM 4; removes that combination from the part table; reassigns the remaining parts in the part table after the removal operation to the part symbols of the search conditions; and repeats the generation of the evaluation table, registration of the optimum combination, and the removal of the combination from the part table. As a result, the CPU 1 sequentially extracts all of the parts included in the initial part table as the optimum combinations, and sequentially registers these combinations to the RAM 4. Consequently, data (parameters) of optimum combinations of parts to be picked up can be automatically obtained based on the part table. This data is used for a part mounting program instead of manually input combination data.

1. Field of the Invention
Conventionally, there is a component pick up and mounting devices (simply referred to as "mounter" hereinafter) for placing electronic parts (simply referred to as "parts" hereinafter) on a circuit board (simply referred to as a "board" hereinafter). The mounter is classified into two major types. One type is implemented by a number of (for example, 16) operating heads (simply referred to as "heads" hereinafter) which circulate, rotate, pick up and place parts. This type is generally called a rotary type. The other is implemented by one or a plurality of heads (normally 2 to 7) arranged on one move support, which pick up and place parts on a board while moving forward and backward, to the right and to the left, and upward and downward. This type is normally called a one-by-one type.
2. Description of the Related Arts
To efficiently place parts on a board with the above described one-by-one type mounter, the amount of movement of a head must be reduced to a minimum. Upward and downward movements for mounting among the movements of the head are intended to pick up and place parts, and essentially arise. Also the forward and backward (in the direction of the Y axis) movements of the head for placing parts are movements between a part supply device and a board placing position, and essentially arise. Since these movements are also essential, it is difficult to reduce the amounts of the movements.
In the meantime, the amounts of movements of a plurality of heads to the left and right (in the direction of the X axis) for picking up parts are affected depending on the positions of parts to be supplied to a head. Additionally, the positions of the parts exactly match the head pitches of the plurality of heads, they can be simultaneously picked up and the amounts of the upward and downward movements of the heads can be reduced. Therefore, supply devices such as a part cassette, a part stick, a part tray etc., are arranged at the optimum positions, so that the amounts of movements to the left and right and also movements of the upward and downward by the plurality of heads must be reduced to a minimum. At the same time, parts must be simultaneously picked up as much as possible. To optimally set the positions of the supply devices, the pick up combination of parts, which allows a plurality of heads to pick up the parts efficiently, must first be determined.
The operations for determining the pick up combination of parts is implemented as follows. That is, all possible combinations of parts to be picked up by nozzles of a plurality of heads are first considered. Then, a combination which seems to be optimum is selected by examining which combination can perform the pick up operations in the shortest time. Supply devices are arranged according to the selected combination so that parts can be picked up. The selected and determined pick up combination of parts must be included into a part mounting program for use in a mounter.
For the above described selection and determination of the pick up combination of parts, actual parts are assigned to possible combinations of parts, and their pick up operations are estimated. Then, a combination which seems to be faster is repeatedly selected. The operations for optimally making a pick up combination of parts were performed manually and were extremely troublesome and complicated. This is because they were performed by trial and error. Since the operations for considering (searching for) a pick up combination of parts were troublesome and time consuming, they impeded improvement of operating efficiency of an entire process in which a new board was designed, a pick up combination of parts was finally determined based on the design of the board, supply devices were arranged based on the determined combination, and a new mounting process was ready to start up on a production line. The present invention was developed so as to overcome such a problem where the improvement of the operating efficiency is impeded. It aims at providing a parameter generating device for a part mounting program, which automatically makes an optimum combination that can efficiently pick up parts to be placed.

Parameter generating device for part mounting program and storage medium


A storage carrier for use with a tailgate of a vehicle. The storage carrier includes a hinge mechanism attachable to an outer face of the tailgate. The storage carrier includes a cabinet including first, opposing second and rear sides. The first side has a resting surface. The cabinet is attached a hinge mechanism adjacent the second and rear sides. The cabinet pivots between stored and deployed positions. In the stored position the first side is disposed adjacent the outer face and generally disposed in a vertical orientation with the tailgate in a closed position. In the deployed position the first side is generally disposed in a horizontal orientation with the resting surface being exposed away from the outer face with the tailgate in a closed position. The storage carrier further includes a cabinet recess formed in the cabinet.

The invention relates generally to a carrier system, and more particularly to a tailgate storage carrier and resting surface used with a pickup truck.
Pickup trucks have a tailgate at the rear of the vehicle which rotates from a closed secure position perpendicular to the ground to an open resting position parallel to the ground. When the tailgate is in the open position parallel to the ground it is possible to access the pickup truck cargo bed from the rear of the vehicle. When the tailgate is in the closed position perpendicular to the ground it prevents cargo in the cargo bed from sliding out of the cargo bed as a result of forces that are generated during normal driving conditions.
When using a pickup truck for any number of functional purposes it can be very beneficial to have a storage carrier or storage carriers mounted on the vehicle which can be used to store and carry gear, equipment, tools, paperwork, files, plans or any number of things. When using a pickup truck for any number of functional purposes it can also be very beneficial to have an external resting surface or working surface mounted on the vehicle which can be used to assist in any number of tasks.
There are several difficulties that develop when selecting a location on a pickup truck to mount a storage carrier or resting surface. A first difficulty when selecting a location on a pickup truck to mount a storage carrier or resting surface is finding a location that does not limit the space, access, and usability of the cargo bed of the pickup truck. Most storage carriers are mounted somewhere inside the cargo bed of the pickup truck which restricts the available space within the cargo bed for other cargo, restricts access to the cargo bed, and limits the full usability of the cargo bed.
A second difficulty when selecting a location on a pickup truck to mount a storage carrier or resting surface is finding a location that does not increase the total height of the pickup truck. Many times storage carriers can be mounted on the roof of the pickup truck. However, rooftop carriers can significantly increase the total height of the pickup truck which can limit the usability of the pickup truck. A third difficulty when selecting a location on a pickup truck to mount a storage carrier or resting surface is finding a location that very quick, easy, and simple to access. Many times storage carriers mounted in the cargo bed area of the pickup truck or the roof of the pickup truck are difficult and time consuming to access which greatly restricts the usability of the storage carrier. It adds tremendous utility and functionality to the storage carrier if it is possible to quickly and easily access the storage carrier because speed of access and ease of use are a huge benefit to the operator.
A fourth difficulty when selecting a location on a pickup truck to mount a storage carrier or resting surface is finding a location that does not interfere with the normal functionality of the vehicle. Many times, a storage carriers presence can interfere with the normal operating functionality of the vehicle which can therefore limit the full functionality of the vehicle.
For the purposes of this application, a pickup truck is used to refer to any manner of vehicle that includes a cargo bed and a rear tailgate or door, and may include pickup type trucks, cargo trucks, vans, minivans, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), hatchbacks, delivery vans, utility vehicles, work trucks, and station wagons are just a few examples of vehicles with cargo beds and that may include a rear tailgate. Cargo beds are also similarly present in many non-motorized vehicles, such as trailers and haulers, that may include a rear tailgate.
In view of the foregoing, there is a need in the art for a improved storage carrier or resting surface to be integrated for use with a pickup truck.

Pickup truck tailgate storage carrier and resting surface


A method is provided for content subscription in content network. A content requesting node in the content network receives a first interest packet comprising a content identifier through a first port from a first user device, creates a subscription entry comprising the content identifier and an identifier of the first port, sends the first interest packet to the content providing node, receives a second interest packet through a second port from a second user device; adds an identifier of the second port to the subscription entry, receives multiple data packets provided by the content providing node according to the first interest packet, and sends the multiple data packets through the first port and the second port respectively to the first user device and the second user device according to the subscription entry.

A change in a manner of generating, populating, obtaining, and using information and content is a most significant change which the Internet brings to people's life. Various Internet-based applications come out one after another, most of which are related to the "content". According to a statistics report of China Internet Network Information Center, online music, online news, search engine, instant messaging, online video, blog application, and social network are the most significant types of network applications at present. In fact, all these applications may be regarded as content sharing. As a result, content sharing becomes a more and more important function of the Internet. Although the "content" was not placed in a key position when the Internet came out, the "content" actually is playing a key role in the Internet. A main task of a conventional network is to transfer content from one place to another; however, information in a network is more likely used for sharing and cooperation at present. Therefore, a novel network architecture, that is, a content-centric network (Content Centric Network, CCN) is proposed. This network can run in parallel with the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol, Transmission Control Protocol)/IP (Internet Protocol, Internet Protocol) or run independently without affecting existing networks.
A content-centric network, for example, an NDN (Named Data Networking) network, primarily includes two types of packets, an interest packet (Interest Packet) and a data packet (Data Packet). An interest packet may be used to subscribe to a data packet. At present, one interest packet can be used to subscribe to only one data packet. As a result, when there are a large number of subscription requirements, a large number of interest packets need to be sent in a network, causing large network signaling overhead.

Method, device, and system for supporting content subscription in content network


Methods and apparatus for compressing webpage text are provided. According to a webpage-opening request of a mobile terminal browser, a current language environment of the terminal is obtained. According to the language environment, a character container corresponding to the language environment is initialized. Requested webpage data are received. The received webpage data are parsed. The webpage data are merged and stored using the corresponding character container. During the initializing of the corresponding character container according to the language environment, it is determined whether the language environment belongs to Latin languages. When the language environment belongs to Latin languages, the character container is initialized to store utf-8 encoded data. Otherwise, the character container is initialized to store utf-16 encoded data. The present disclosure can intelligently determine a storage method according to the language environment, optimize and adapt stored content, and effectively reduce the browser memory occupied by the webpage data.

The most important encoding of a webpage is the encoding that is used when the webpage file is stored. If the webpage file is a static HTML (HyperText Markup Language) file, a web server directly sends the webpage file to a browser of a client, i.e., a client browser. If the webpage file is a dynamically-generated HTML file, the web server can generate corresponding encoded data according to the encoding that is stored in a dynamic script file, and such data become an HTML file to be sent to the client browser.
Due to features of a webpage file itself and characteristics of different methods for encoding, if different methods for encoding are used for storing the same webpage file, bytes that are occupied are likely to be different. For example, in a PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) script stored as GBK (i.e., "Guojia Biaozhun Kuozhan" in Chinese, meaning 'national standard Extension') encoding, when echo  (i.e., Chinese characters meaning 'I love you') is used, six bytes of data 'GE D2 B0 AE C4 E3' are generated. The six bytes of data are the GBK encoding of ''. However, in a PHP script stored as utf-8 encoding ('utf' stands for 'UCS Transformation Format' or 'Universal Character Set Transformation Format'), when echo '' is executed, nine bytes of data 'E6 88 91 E7 88 B1 E4 BD A0' are generated. The nine bytes of data are the utf-8 encoding of ''.
For an end user, encoding of an HTML file transmitted over from server-side is determined mainly by the encoding for storage of the HTML files or script files at server-side. The encoding that is used when a browser submits user data depends only on the encoding currently used by the browser during the viewing of a webpage, and does not have any relationship with the encoding of the HTML webpage's own file.
In existing technology, a fixed encoding method is usually used for processing during the browsing of a webpage via a mobile phone browser (or mobile browser). A user can only passively use a predetermined encoding method to process all of the webpage data, and are not able to intelligently choose an appropriate encoding method. Thus, there can often be a situation of "overkill" or "putting fine timber to petty use". As a result, a mobile browser occupies relatively significant amount of memory, and wastes the memory of the mobile phone. For the type of mobile terminals having limited hardware conditions, such as a mobile phone, the limited memory often cannot tolerate such waste. Such fixed encoding method that "blindly" occupies memory can significantly affect user experience. The problems of such situations are especially obvious on low-end mobile phones. Very often, when the user opens 1-2 windows, a memory explosion may occur and the webpage(s) may not be opened. User experience is thus seriously affected.

Method and apparatus for compressing webpage text

GUANGZHOU UCWEB COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD


An electronic control unit calculates a rotation variation amount ΣΔNE as a cetane number index value of the fuel supplied to an internal combustion engine and executes fuel injection control in a first execution mode corresponding to the rotation variation amount ΣΔNE (S407, S408). In a mixing period in which the cetane number of the fuel supplied to the internal combustion engine is changed due to the fuel feed into the fuel tank (S401: YES), the fuel injection control is executed in a second execution mode such that, compared with the first execution mode, stable operation of the internal combustion engine is given more importance (S402:YES, S403). When calculation of the rotation variation amount ΣΔNE is executed during the mixing period (S404: YES), fuel injection control is executed while limiting the reflection of the rotation variation amount ΣΔNE (S405, S406).

A property of fuel that is fed into a fuel tank (such as the cetane number of diesel fuel, the octane number of gasoline fuel, or concentration of alcohol fuel, for example) is not necessarily uniform and changed greatly depending on a country or a region. Thus, it can be said that the property of the fuel supplied to an internal combustion engine is not uniform either and that such a variation in the fuel property can be a cause to inhibit stabilizing a combustion state of the fuel.
Conventionally, it has been practiced to estimate the property of the fuel supplied to the internal combustion engine and to execute combustion control for combustion of the fuel on the basis of the estimated fuel property.
For example, Patent Document 1 describes an apparatus that estimates an alcohol fuel mixing rate of fuel supplied to an internal combustion engine on the basis of a detected signal from an air-fuel ratio sensor and that executes air-fuel ratio control on the basis of the estimated alcohol fuel mixing rate in the internal combustion engine for which either one of gasoline fuel and alcohol fuel or mixed fuel thereof can be used. In the apparatus described in Patent Document 1, when the fuel is fed, an estimated value that is estimated and stored before feeding of the fuel is adapted to be used for the air-fuel ratio control in a period until the entire fuel in a fuel pipe for supplying the fuel from a fuel tank to the internal combustion engine is consumed,

Control apparatus for internal combustion engine


A control method and system for information delivery in a mobile communications network in which, as a mobile terminal moves from a communication area to another, a cache node in a delivery channel which delivers cache information to the mobile terminal is switched to another cache node in another delivery channel to reduce information traffic in the network utilizing the cache function of the cache nodes. After a portion of cache information is delivered by a cache node to the mobile terminal, only the remaining portion of cache information is delivered by another cache node.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a control method and a control system for delivering information to mobile terminal through mobile communication network. The present invention further relates to an information storage method which is performed at each node in the mobile communication network where information is delivered in accordance with the control method.
2. Description of the Related Art
A control method for delivering information using the cache function of the fixed communication network is defined in the standards, RFC2186 (Internet Cache Protocol, Version 2) and RFC2187 (Application of Internet Cache Protocol, Version 2). In the mobile communication network where the control method for delivering information complying with the standards, the existence of a cache node along the route through which data is transferred is checked before a mobile terminal downloads the data. If a cache node exists in the delivery channel, the information delivery is performed through the cache node.
A communication system in which the information delivery is performed in compliance with the control method for delivering information to fixed terminals are configured as shown in FIG. 1, for example. The Internet Cache Protocol is utilized as the control method for delivering information.
In FIG. 1, the communication network includes communication nodes N1–N6 each functioning as a router and communication nodes 21, 22, 31, and 41 each functioning as a router and a cache (hereinafter referred to as "cache nodes"). The local cache node 21 (LC-1) is connected to the parent cache node 31 (PC-1) through the communication node N3 and the subsidiary cache node 22 (SC-1) through the communication node N2. The parent cache node 31 is connected to the grand parent cache node 41 (GC-1) through the communication nodes N4 and N5. The grand parent cache node 41 is connected to the internet INT where a host server 50 (SVR) exists, through the communication node N6.
Client terminals 101(C1), 102(C2), 103(C3) are connected to the local cache node 21 through the communication node N1. They receive information delivery service from the communication network where the local cache node 21, the parent cache node 31, and the grand parent cache node 41 each having a cache function are arranged in a hierarchy.
In the network system described above, information "D" stored in the host server SVR is transferred to the client terminal 101(C1), for example, in the following manner.
A request for delivery of the information D sent by the client terminal 101 is transferred to the local cache node 21 through the communication node N1. The local cache node 21 checks whether it stores the information D, and if it does not store the information D, it transfers the request for delivery toward the communication node N3. In response to the reception of the request for the delivery, the parent cache node 31 checks whether it stores the information D, and if it does not store the information D, it further transfers the request for delivery toward the communication node N4. The request for delivery is transferred to the grand parent node 41 through the communication nodes N4 and N5. As described above, if no cache node stores the information D which is requested by the client 10, the request for delivery is transferred to the communication nodes (including cache nodes) sequentially.
The request for delivery of the information D is finally transferred to the host server 50 in the internet INT. The host server 50 delivers the information D toward the client terminal 101 through the internet INT. The information D delivered by the host server 50 is delivered to the client terminal 101 through each communication nodes (including cache nodes).
As shown in FIG. 2, in the process in which the information D is delivered from the host server 50 to the client terminal 101, the cache nodes, the local cache node 21 and the parent cache node 31 for example, near the client terminal 101 stores (or caches) cache information D′ identical to the information D.
If one of the client terminals 101, 102, 103 issues another request for delivery of the information D, the cache information D′ corresponding to the information D stored in the local cache node 21 is delivered to the client terminal requested for the delivery. Accordingly, the traffic within the communication network is reduced.
Mobile terminals, however, move while receiving the delivery of information, that is, downloading data. Therefore, it is necessary to switch delivery channel while receiving information. Since the switching of the communication channel degrades the efficiency of information delivery, it is not practical to apply the abovementioned method for delivering information complying with the Internet Cache Protocol designed for the fixed communication network to the mobile communication network. For example, while receiving the delivery of cache information from a cache node in the mobile communication network, a mobile terminal, as it moves, switches its connection to cache nodes. That is, the delivery channel between the mobile terminal and the host server is switched. If a new delivery channel does not include a cache node which stores cache information, the cache function of the cache nodes do not work effectively.

Control method and system for information delivery through mobile communications network


Provided are ophthalmic devices comprised of a reaction product of a composition comprising: (i) a crosslinked substrate network containing covalently bound activatable free radical initiators; and (ii) a grafting composition containing one or more ethylenically unsaturated compounds. Also provided are processes for making ophthalmic devices.

The development of polymer materials prepared from individual components that contribute desirable properties is an ongoing goal in many product areas. For instance, polymer materials displaying oxygen permeability and hydrophilicity are desirable for a number of applications within the medical devices field, such as in ophthalmic devices.
A commonly encountered challenge when forming polymeric materials that attempt to combine properties is that in many cases, the individual components from which the final material is made are not readily compatible. For instance, in the contact lens field, silicone hydrogels have been found to provide lenses with significantly increased oxygen permeability and therefore are capable of reducing corneal edema and hyper-vasculature, conditions that may sometimes be associated with conventional hydrogel lenses. Silicone hydrogels have typically been prepared by polymerizing mixtures containing at least one silicone-containing monomer or reactive macromer and at least one hydrophilic monomer. However, silicone hydrogel lenses can be difficult to produce because the silicone components and the hydrophilic components are often incompatible.
New technologies for creating polymer materials are desirable in many fields, including ophthalmic devices.

Ophthalmic devices derived from grafted polymeric networks and processes for their preparation and use


A system including a first electrode embedded in tread of a tire. The first electrode is configured for electro-statically indicating movement of the tread.

Consumers and law makers continue pushing for improvements in vehicle safety, fuel economy, and pollution control. In response, manufacturers continue developing and integrating systems, such as anti-lock braking systems (ABS), electronic stability control (ESC), vehicle stability control (VSC), active steering, active suspension control, and tire pressure monitoring (TPM), into their vehicles. To more fully achieve the benefits of these systems, information is needed about the interaction between the tires and the road or driving surface.
Typically, a tire includes an inner liner that lines the inside of the tire, multiple ply layers over the inner liner, and one or more steel belts over the ply layers. A cushion layer and a base layer are situated over the steel belts and a cap layer, also referred to as the tread layer, is situated on the outside of the tire over the base layer. The tread interacts with the road surface to provide traction.
Some tire monitoring systems have been attached to the inner liner of the tire, which avoids integrating sensing elements directly into the harsh mechanical and chemical environment experienced by the tread. These tire monitoring systems obtain information about global deformations of the tire, such as tire pressure. However, they do not obtain information about local deformations in the tread and the interaction between the tread and the driving surface.
For these and other reasons there is a need for the present invention.

System for electro-statically indicating movement of tread


A mobile wireless system (10) includes a transmitter such as a satellite (18) that broadcasts wireless signals such as boundaries for specific areas to a mobile receiving device (22). Mobile receiving device (22) may include an antenna (26) and a mobile receiving device (28). A locating receiver (50) is used to generate locating signals so that a determination may be made to the location of the mobile receiving device. When the location is outside an area of interest the area of interest may be extended to provide services to the mobile device. Emergency information is broadcast to a first area. An emergency announcement indicator is also broadcast into a first area and an area outside the first area. The location of the mobile receiving device is compared to the first area and the emergency information is displayed when the location is within the first area.

Satellite television has become increasingly popular due to its wide variety of programming. Entertainment in automobiles such as DVD players has also become increasingly popular. It would be desirable to provide a satellite television system for a vehicle so that the wide variety of programming may be enjoyed by the rear passengers.
Federal regulations have specific boundaries enclosing specific areas for which satellite systems are allowed to display rebroadcast local channels. A satellite system located within one boundary may only display video for all channels associated with that region. Current satellite systems do not include a means for determining a location.
Television system operators can generate emergency messages to all users. Although the information may not be relevant for the entire broadcasting area, at least the emergency message is broadcast. Cable systems include a similar method broadcast for an entire system.
It would therefore be desirable to provide a system that allows emergency messages to be received and displayed in a mobile system that is specifically relevant to the user of the mobile receiving device.

Method and apparatus for providing emergency information to a mobile receiving device


A guidance system for tape in a tape cartridge includes two corner guides and an optional third guide. The two corner guides may be angled or tapered to produce a bow or slope in the tape, and to steer the tape. If provided, the third guide is readily adjustable during manufacture to an exact predetermined distance from the two corner guides, thereby avoiding problems due to build-up of manufacturing tolerances. A method of constructing such a system provides an interference fit ferrule on a pin or a nail-like pin as the third guide, such that the position of the ferrule or nail head of the pin can be adjusted to the exact position desired during manufacture.

1. Technical Field
The present invention involves the guidance and positioning of a magnetic tape to assure its travel in a precisely determined tape path past writing or reading transducers.
2. Description of the Related Art
A widely used medium for the storage of magnetically recorded data is the data cartridge. Data cartridges typically have an enclosure containing first and second tape reels, a length of tape wound onto the reels and extending between the two reels, and an opening through which a tape drive can apply one or more transducers to the tape while transporting it between the two reels, so as to record data onto the tape or read data from the tape. A typical mechanism for transporting the tape from one reel to the other includes the use of a transport belt to the outer peripheries of the reels of tape, as disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 3,692,255 (Von Behren).
It is common practice to write digital data onto recording tapes in rows, or tracks, running in the longitudinal, or tape transport, direction. Improvements in magnetic recording media and in magnetic recording apparatus, particularly improvements in magnetic writing and reading transducers, or heads, have created a trend toward writing data onto tapes in ever narrower and more closely spaced tracks. This has placed increased demands on the apparatus used to find and follow the data tracks, since as data tracks are made narrower and more closely spaced, the increased level of precision required to position a read transducer relative to a data track requires that the path followed by the tape as it passes the head also be more precisely and reproducibly determined.
One arrangement for achieving increased precision in positioning a moving magnetic tape relative to a read or write head is disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 4,534,523 (Zarr), wherein several guides and wrap pins are used to guide the tape past the head. Each guide and/or wrap pin contacts a major tape surface and has a shoulder which contacts an edge of the tape. The shoulders contact alternating edges of the tape, at longitudinally spaced apart locations, so that the tape is not contacted by two shoulders directly across from one another, on opposite edges, at any one point along the tape. As a result, the spacing between a line passing through any two adjacent edge guide shoulders on one edge of the tape and the edge contacting surface of the guide shoulder intermediate between these two guides on the opposite edge of the tape can be slightly less than the width of the tape, without crushing or otherwise damaging the tape, since the tape is able to negotiate the path between the guide shoulders by traveling in a slightly weaving, or what Zarr calls a "somewhat sinusoidal," path. It has been found that this arrangement for tape guidance, called alternate edge guidance, constrains the tape to travel over a highly reproducible path, while reducing the risk of edge damage to the tape.
Since the spacing between the line through any two edge guiding shoulders on one edge of the tape and the intermediate edge guiding shoulder on the opposite edge of the tape is preferably only slightly less than the width of the tape, the spacing between this line and the intermediate guide must be closely controlled. Zarr does this by press fitting a pin in the base plate of the cartridge, and providing the top edge guide shoulders in the form of split rings which are positioned a fixed distance above the base plate and then crimped or compressed onto the guide pins. The guide pins themselves, along with the bottom guide shoulders, can be produced from solid rod material by screw machine operations. Alternatively, the bottom guide shoulders can be washers or disks captured between the guide pin and the base plate.
While crimped split rings can provide an effective means for edge guidance of magnetic tapes, they suffer from certain limitations, among them difficulty of assembly and limited choice of suitable materials. Installing a split ring onto a guide pin and holding it in a precisely located position while crimping it is a difficult task. The crimping operation involves a significant amount of deformation of the ring, as well as perhaps other parts of the assembly, which can in turn cause movement of the surface of the ring contacting the edge of the tape, thereby increasing risk of variability in the spacing between the edge guiding shoulders between which the tape must pass. The net result is a problematic build-up of tolerances.
An additional complication in installing a split ring onto a tape guide pin is that the split ring must be properly oriented on the guide pin so that the split portion does not contact the edge of the tape, since the split portion may contain burrs or other deformations which could damage the edge of the tape.
A further limitation encountered in the use of crimpable split rings as edge guides is that only a relatively few materials exhibit a suitable combination of mechanical and other properties for use in such an application. In particular, materials used in split rings must be sufficiently malleable to be crimpable without excessive springback, while at the same time exhibiting adequate strength.
Disadvantages also occur in the use of guide pins and shoulders produced by screw machining methods. In particular, producing such parts by screw machine methods places limitations on the materials which can be used, due to the quantity of stock material consumed by screw machine operations. In addition, machining operations are time consuming, and therefore costly. Further, since magnetic tape is sensitive to the surface quality of any surfaces which it contacts, the screw machining operation must be closely controlled in order to assure adequate surface quality, in particular surface smoothness which is in a suitable range. A further disadvantage of tape guides produced by screw machine methods is that they are not readily adjustable after machining. Therefore, the level of precision achievable in an assembled data cartridge will be dependent upon the accumulation of errors in the various components making up the tape guiding assembly.
Alternate edge guidance can also be achieved with only two tape guides, as disclosed in Japanese published patent application JP-130123, wherein two tape guides are slightly offset, so that a straight line path between the two guides is slightly narrower than the width of tape being transported, thereby providing a slight interference. Tape guiding by this means suffers, however, from difficulty of manufacture, since the amount of offset is very small relative to the overall width of the tape, and the two guides must be parallel to within a very small degree of error. This necessitates exceedingly precise insertion and orientation of the guides.
Tape guidance by means of edge contacting guides can produce an additional problem, namely that of variations in tape tension transverse to the tape transport direction. The quality of writing and reading of magnetic tapes depends upon intimacy of contact between the tape and the head, which in turn depends upon the tape tension. It is therefore desirable that the tape tension be uniform across the tape, so as to assure that the tape contacts the head uniformly across its width. When a tape path is modified even slightly by the application of guiding forces applied to the tape edges, transverse variations in tape tension can result in writing or reading errors.
Not only is it desirable to guide recording tape past read and write transducers in a precisely reproducible manner, it is also desirable to precisely guide the tape as it is wound onto the reels, so as to superimpose each strand of tape precisely over the previous strand as it is wound onto the tape pack, thereby producing an evenly wound tape pack which is less likely to cause edge damage to the tape. Evenness of tape guiding may be enhanced by providing additional guides, such as wrap pins 20 and 24 in U.S. Pat. No. 4,534,523 (Zarr). While useful for providing additional tape guidance, these wrap pins add frictional load to the tape drive, as well as adding to the cost of the cartridge.
There is therefore a clear need for precision tape guide components which can be more easily and precisely installed, which present a smooth surface of easily controlled quality to the edges and major surfaces of the tape, and which can be economically produced from materials known to be preferred for tape contacting and guiding applications. Additionally, there is a need for reduced cross-tape variations in tape tension. Finally, there is a need to reduce the number of tape guides or wrap pins contacting the tape, so as to reduce manufacturing cost and frictional drag on the tape.

Guides for magnetic tape and method of making the same


A method and apparatus are provided for obtaining the rotational speed of a pump system or other suitable rotating equipment having a self-contained pump electrical equipment power supply. The method features, before being rectified, directing one phase of AC power through a zero crossing circuit that identifies an instant of time the AC voltage crosses from one polarity to the other polarity and triggers a square wave pulse for each instant time. In operation, the AC voltage is detected when it crosses from a negative polarity to a positive polarity, or vice versa. The method also includes steps for measuring the period of the square wave pulse and calculating the speed of the pump or other rotating equipment.

1. Technical Field
The present invention generally relates to a pump system or other rotational equipment; and more particularly to a pump system or other rotational equipment having a module or other suitable device for performing pump condition monitoring.
2. Description of Related Problem
There are several commonly employed techniques to obtain the rotational speed of a pump or other rotating equipment:
For example, a photo tachometer directs either a laser, infer red or visible light toward a reflective tape attached on the rotating shaft of a pump or other rotating equipment. A photo pickup in the photo tachometer senses the change in reflected light each time the tape passes. Speed in revolutions per minute is calculated from the period between the sensed light intensity changes.
An inductive or capacitive switch may be placed near the key or keyway or the rotating shaft of the pump or other rotating equipment. As the key or keyway moves past the switch, it causes a change of state of the switch. Again an indicator connected to the switch measures the period between change of states of the switch and calculates the speed in revolutions per second or per minute.
A sixty tooth gear may be attached to some section of the shaft of the pump or other rotating equipment. Placed near to the gear is an electromagnetic sensor that is capable of generating a voltage dependent on the proximity of metal to it. The time varying voltage signal is connected to a frequency counter. Because a 60 tooth gear is used, the frequency (hertz) counter displays speed directly in revolutions per minute.
A vibration sensor on the pump or other rotating equipment connected to a spectrum analyzer with sufficient frequency resolution can indicate the frequency of 1× vibrations of the equipment.
An older but still used way of determining the operating speed of a pump or other rotation equipment is to use a strobe light. The strobe light is pointed to the part of the rotating shaft and the strobe's flashing rate is adjusted until the shaft appears to stop rotating. The strobe's flashing rate can be the actual operating speed of the equipment.
Moreover, a magnet collar may be attached to the rotating shaft with a Hall effect sensor positioned nearby. Such is the technique employed in patent application Ser. No. 10/142,181, filed on 9 May 2002, entitled "Self contained Pump Electrical Equipment Power supply", which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. However, when attempting to measure speed using the self contained pump electrical equipment power supply device described therein, a Hall Effect sensor was embedded in the stator of the generating device and wired back to an indicator circuit. As the magnets rotated past the Hall Effect sensor, it would change state and the period of the state changes along with the number of magnets past the Hall Effect sensor per revolution were used to calculate the rotational speed of the shaft.
All of the above methods are valid techniques for obtaining the speed of a rotating piece of equipment. All have and are being employed in the art. The disadvantage for all of the above systems is that they require a sensing device and the wiring back to an indicator. The whole thrust of the present invention is to eliminate such a sensing device.
Moreover, a patentability search was conducted on the present invention and various patents were developed in the search, which are summarized as follows:
One patent discloses a solid state pump control and protection system having a power supply coupled to a pump control system for controlling the operation of a pump. The pump control system has an analog module with a current phase detector, a pressure transducer and an over/under voltage detector, for analyzing the status of the pump based on these sensed parameters. A second patent discloses a variable speed induction motor control system having a DC bridge that has its input coupled to a source of 60 Hz three phase power. This input is not directed, before being rectified, to any circuit, especially a zero crossing circuit. The DC bridge is also coupled to a Hall Effect sensor for detecting the current from the same. A third patent discloses a variable RPM submersible pump that may be controlled by a variable drive system, having a rectifier that receives inputs from a three phase power source located at the surface. Similar, to that disclosed in the above patents, no input from the three phase power source is directed, before being rectified, to any circuit, especially a zero crossing circuit. A fourth patent discloses a pump protection module or device having two input nodes for coupling to an AC power source and a motor M, which includes a voltage filter and zero-cross detection circuit and a current filter and zero-cross detection circuit both coupled to a microcontroller. In operation, the microcontroller opens and closes the switch based on a phase comparison between the voltage and current signals from these circuits depending on a determined load condition. Similar, to the above patents, the microcontroller does not use the input from these circuits to obtain the rotational speed of a pump or other suitable rotating equipment. None of these patents developed in the search disclose the whole thrust of the present invention.

Speed indication for pump condition monitoring


A digital television signal receiver (20) processes a digital television signal and auxiliary information contained in the digital television signal regardless of whether the auxiliary information is analog auxiliary information (36) or digital auxiliary information (34) and produces a television display signal (44) suitable for displaying the processed auxiliary information. In the case of the auxiliary information being closed caption information, the digital television signal receiver extracts and processes digital closed captioning information according to standard EIA-708 or extracts and processes analog closed caption information according to standard EIA-608. The television signal processing receiver thus allows the user the option of selecting a fallback method of obtaining captioning for a digital program signal if the digital program signal does not include digital closed captioning. Thus, if a digital television signal does not include digital closed caption information, the digital television signal receiver automatically processes any analog auxiliary information and provides a television signal having closed caption information suitable for display.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to television signal processing and, more particularly, to processing of auxiliary data contained in a digital television signal.
2. Background Information
Most television signal processing systems in the United States provide for the processing of auxiliary information such as closed caption (CC) data that is carried in analog television signals (e.g. NTSC). Auxiliary information such as closed caption data follows EIA-608 which establishes the standard for providing auxiliary data in analog television signals. Analog television signal processing systems extract the closed caption data from the analog television signal and generate a signal suitable for displaying the closed caption information. Other forms of auxiliary information also exist. For example, Extended Data Services (XDS) information may be included in an analog television signal for providing information such as program content rating data, program title, program duration, etc.
With respect to digital television signals (e.g. ATSC), EIA-708 establishes the standard for providing auxiliary data such as closed caption (CC) data and XDS data in digital television signals. However, with the transition from analog programming (i.e. analog television signals) to digital programming (i.e. digital television signals), television signal service providers cannot always provide digital closed caption data in the digital programming. Because of this, television signal providers may transfer the analog closed caption data to the digital programming. To support this transfer of analog closed caption data on digital programming, digital television signal service providers simply embed the analog closed caption data into the digital television program stream with specific headers. Since EIA-708B describes how to detect embedded EIA-608 closed caption data in a digital television stream, it is possible to detect and display analog closed caption data (i.e. EIA-608 CC data) from the digital television stream.
Some televisions provide a user with an option to select either digital or analog captioning for display. If the user selects analog captioning and no analog captioning is available, the television will not display any closed caption. As well, if the user selects digital captioning and no digital captioning is available, the television will not display any closed captioning. Currently, however, there is no manner of always displaying closed caption data for a digital television channel regardless of whether the closed caption data is in analog or digital form.
It is thus evident from the above discussion that what is needed is a television signal processing system for digital television signals that detects whether digital or analog auxiliary data is available in the digital television signal and then processes for display whichever auxiliary data format is available.
These needs and others are accomplished through application of the principles of the subject invention and/or as embodied in one or more various forms and/or structures such as are shown and/or described herein.

Digital/analog closed caption display system in a television signal receiver