Disclosed is a mobile communication terminal with an integrated camera having multidirectional adjusting capabilities to allow changes in orientation and position of the camera without altering the position and orientation of the terminal. The terminal comprises of a body, a display, and one or more input devices to enter terminal and photographic commands. A camera is affixed to the terminal, and a device for manipulating the position and orientation of the camera is included. One or more shafts operationally connect the camera to an adjusting plate so that forces applied to the adjusting plate correspond to movement and changes in orientation of the camera. Alternatively, a rotation member can be installed so that rotation of the adjustment plate results in the rotation of the camera.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mobile communication terminal with an integrated camera, and more particularly, to a mobile communication terminal with an integrated camera having multidirectional adjusting capabilities.
2. Description of Related Art
In general, mobile communication terminals include cellular phones or Personal Communication Systems (PCS) having wireless communication capabilities. As the need for video/image communication emerges along with voice communication, several types of mobile communication terminals with an integrated photographic apparatus have been suggested to satisfy this demand.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a conventional mobile terminal is shown with a camera mounted on the terminal. The mobile terminal comprises a main folder 10, a subfolder 20, a hinge connection element 30 for pivotally connecting the folders 10 and 20, which are to be opened at a predetermined angle, and a digital camera 40 mounted on the hinge connection element. The digital camera 40 is fixedly mounted on a right or left hinge portion of the main folder 10 or a hinge portion of the subfolder 20. A lens 41 of the digital camera 40 is directed towards a subject to be photographed. An image of the subject is reproduced on a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel 21.
Referring to FIG. 3, the lens 41 is enclosed within the digital camera 40 by a lens holder in which a light aperture 42 is formed. A transparent filter 44 is disposed in front of the lens 41, thereby protecting the lens without preventing light from passing through the lens. An image sensor 45 is disposed behind the lens 41 to convert incident optical signals from the lens 41 to electrical signals. In addition, other electronic parts are disposed within the digital camera 40. Furthermore, a shutter button 46 is provided at one side of the main folder in the mobile phone 1, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, to operate the camera 40.
When photographing subjects with a conventional mobile terminal 1 having a camera mounted on the terminal, the mode of the mobile phone is converted into a digital camera mode by means of a mode conversion (not shown). Next, the user directs the lens 41 to the subject and sets the imaging angle and focus upon viewing the image displayed on the LCD panel 21. Afterwards, the user photographs the image by pushing the shutter button 46 and stores the image as image data to a memory device in the mobile phone 1. The user may then perform various desired operations such as reproducing, editing, transmitting and deleting operations on the image data.
However, in this conventional mobile terminal 1 having a camera mounted on the terminal, it may be inconvenient for a user to correctly set the imaging angle in some photographing environments. The lens 41 of the digital camera and the screen of the liquid crystal display panel are fixedly directed to the subject and, in some cases, the user himself when the mobile phone 1 is opened. Thus, when a user photographs a particular object, the user must tilt the lens 41 and the display panel in the direction of the object being photographed. Consequently, the position and angle of the screen 21 of the LCD panel relative to the user is altered along with the position and angle of the lens 41. This makes it inconvenient and difficult for the user to correctly see the image displayed on the LCD panel 21.
Accordingly, a solution is needed to allow or facilitate a user's viewing the display while photographing an object when using a mobile communication terminal with an integrated camera.

Angle control device for camera in a mobile communication terminal


A first accommodating position and a second accommodating position differing in the extent of insertion of an SD card are set; and there are provided a first terminal section to be into contact with a group of external connection terminals of the SD card in the first accommodating position and a second terminal section to be in contact with the group of external connection terminals of the SD card in the second accommodating position. This makes it possible to place a shorter SD card in the first accommodating position and a longer SD card in the second accommodating position with the extent of outward protrusion of the card substantially reduced. If matching terminal pieces of the first and second terminal sections are electrically connected to each other by forming them as integrated units made of metal sheets or otherwise, the task of their fitting to an electronic apparatus per se can be simplified.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a card connector unit for accommodating a small memory card or what is known as an SD card and connecting a group of external connection terminals provided on this card to an electronic circuit provided in an electronic device, such as a personal computer (PC) and more particularly to a card connector unit compatible with two types of cards differing in length from each other.
2. Description of the Related Art
Cards that can be freely inserted or withdrawn from an electronic device such as a PC or an electronic camera and permits writing or reading of information (hereinafter referred to as SD cards) are already known according to the prior art. This kind of card is substantially rectangularly shaped, and at one end of one side are arrayed a plurality of external connection terminals. The electronic device to accommodate such SD cards is provided with a circuit board on which are mounted required electronic circuits and a card connector unit for connecting the group of external connection terminals mounted on the SD card to the electronic circuits.
Such a card connector unit is provided with a housing having an accommodating space into which the SD card is to be inserted through an inlet, a plurality of terminal pieces fixed to this housing and exposed in the accommodating space, and a discharging mechanism for discharging an accommodated SD card.
The housing is usually configured by combining a frame made of an insulating material and a cover made of a metallic material or an insulating material, and an SD card accommodating space is formed between the frame and the cover. Each terminal piece is provided with a contact exposed within the accommodating space to be able to come into contact with the connection terminals of an SD card and a soldering portion to be soldered onto an electronic circuit provided in an electronic apparatus such as a personal computer (PC). It is so designed that, when an SD card inserted into the accommodating space is placed in a prescribed position, the group of its external connection terminals come into contact with the contact of each terminal piece.
A discharging mechanism of a known configuration, for instance, comprises a slider capable of reciprocating in engagement with an SD card, coil springs elastically energizing this slider in the direction of discharging the card, and engaging pins guided along a heart-shaped cam groove. When the operator presses with fingers the SD card placed in a prescribed position, on the edge toward him or her (rear edge), this configuration, by causing the slider and the engaging pin to work in conjunction, enables the card to move together with the slider outward to the operator""s side to be readily discharged. Another known configuration is such that, by operating a member for discharging action to release the SD card engaged in a prescribed position, the card can be discharged.
Incidentally, in connection with a recently rising call for the usability of an SD card not only as a mere recording medium but also as a communication device by providing it with a transmitter/receiver circuit or the like, the emergence of a new type SD card extended in length but the same in terminal specification as the conventional SD card is expected.
However, since the conventional card connector unit does not have a structure to accommodate such a long SD card, if the SD card is inserted for intended electrical connection, the SD card will substantially protrude outward from the inlet of the accommodating space of the housing, but it will be impossible to insert the SD card more deeply. Thus, if it is tried to adapt a conventional card connector unit to a longer than usual SD card, not only will the appearance of the unit holding such an SD card be awkward but also it will result in serious inconvenience for use because the electronic apparatus such as a laptop PC will have to be carried with the SD card kept inserted in the connector unit.
The present invention has been attempted to obviate these disadvantages of the prior art, and to provide a more convenient card connector unit allowing ready placement of either of two types of SD card differing in length from each other.
In order to achieve the object stated above, a card connector unit according to the invention comprises a housing having an accommodating space into which a card (SD card) provided with a group of external connection terminals is inserted from a side of an inlet, and a first terminal section and a second terminal section fixed to the housing and arranged in the accommodating space with positional discrepancy between them in a depthwise direction, wherein a first accommodating position and a second accommodating position differing in an extent of insertion of the card into the accommodating space are set, wherein the group of external connection terminals are in contact with the first terminal section when the card is placed in the first accommodating position, and wherein the group of external connection terminals are in contact with the second terminal section when the card is placed in the second accommodating position.
A connector unit of such a configuration, if, for instance, the second accommodating position is set farther inward than the first accommodating position, can not only use a shorter SD card placed in the first accommodating position but also a longer card placed in the second accommodating position. Thus, for the longer SD card, there is available an accommodating position in which the card can be inserted deeply to be used, so that the SD card, when in place, does not significantly protrude outward, and accordingly there is no fear of ruining the external appearance or the portability of the connector unit.
If, in the above-described configuration, the first terminal section and the second terminal section have an equal number of terminal pieces arranged along a widthwise direction of the card inserted into the accommodating space, and the respectively matching terminal pieces of these first and second terminal sections are electrically connected to each other, it will suffice to connect terminal pieces on only one side to an external circuit (an electronic circuit provided on the electronic apparatus per se), and the task of fitting the connector unit to the electronic apparatus per se can be simplified. In this case, if respectively matching terminal pieces of the first and second terminal sections comprise mutually connected, integrated units made of metal sheets, and part of these integrated units has soldering portions for soldering onto an external circuit, the first and second terminal sections can be easily formed by pressing, and their fixing to the housing can be easily accomplished by insert molding, resulting in facilitated manufacturing of connector units.
Further, if, in the above-described configuration, the first and second accommodating positions are set so that, for two types of the SD cards differing in length in an inserting/discharging direction, an extent of an external protrusion of a shorter one of the SD cards out of the inlet when placed in the first accommodating position is made substantially equal to an extent of an external protrusion of a longer one of the SD cards out of the inlet when placed in the second accommodating position, the two states will look similar and accordingly neater in external appearance, resulting also in enhanced convenience for use.
Further, if, in the above-described configuration, there are provided a first discharging mechanism for shifting the card placed in the first accommodating position in the discharging direction and a second discharging mechanism for shifting the card placed in the second accommodating position in the discharging direction, each of the first and second discharging mechanisms being provided with a sliding member capable of reciprocating in the depthwise direction, an engaging pin shifting along a heart-shaped cam groove along with shifting of the sliding member, and an energizing member for elastically energizing the sliding member in the discharging direction of the card; wherein, when the card is placed in the first accommodating position or the second accommodating position, the engaging pin of the matching one of the discharging mechanisms is engaged with a pin engaging portion of the heart-shaped cam groove to inhibit shifting of the sliding member, and wherein by pressing the card deeper in the accommodating space in such a state and thereby disengaging the engaging pin from the pin engaging portion, the card is shifted in the discharging direction along with shifting of the sliding member, then the operator can discharge the SD card merely pressing the card, placed in either the first accommodating position or the second accommodating position. Therefore, the operating ease is enhanced when the card is to be discharged, and there will be no need to provide a special operating member for discharging use.

Card connector unit provided with first accommodating position and second accommodating position


A mobile device includes a main antenna and a hairpin element. The hairpin element is disposed adjacent to the main antenna, and substantially has a U-shape. The hairpin element is configured to increase bandwidth and antenna efficiency of the main antenna.

1. Field of the Invention
The subject application generally relates to a mobile device, and more particularly, relates to a mobile device for improving antenna bandwidth and antenna efficiency.
2. Description of the Related Art
With the progress of mobile communication technology, mobile devices, for example, portable computers, mobile phones, multimedia players, and other hybrid functional portable devices, have become more common To satisfy the demand of users, mobile devices usually perform wireless communication functions. Some devices cover a large wireless communication area, for example, mobile phones using 2G, 3G, LTE (Long Term Evolution) and 4G systems and using frequency bands of 700 MHz, 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz, 2100 MHz, 2300 MHz, and 2500 MHz. Some devices cover a small wireless communication area, for example, mobile phones using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WLAN (Wireless Local Area Networking), and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) systems and using frequency bands of 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and 5.8 GHz.
Inside small mobile devices, since wireless communication antennas are disposed adjacent to other metal components, interference occurs therebetween, thus, negatively affecting their performance.

Hairpin element for improving antenna bandwidth and antenna efficiency and mobile device with the same


Methods and receiver circuits are provided for correlating an incoming signal with PN codes. An embodiment of the method includes receiving I/Q baseband samples in the I/Q domain; converting the I/Q baseband samples to phase baseband samples; generating a pseudonoise (PN) code; converting the PN code to PN phase data; performing a correlation on the phase baseband samples using the PN phase data to generate correlated I/Q values; performing an adding operation on the correlated I/Q values to generate demodulated I/Q values; converting the demodulated I/Q values into demodulated phase values; performing a frequency correction operation on the demodulated phase values to generate frequency correction data; converting the demodulated I/Q values into demodulated magnitude values; and performing signal decoding and synchronization on the magnitude values to generate output data. The operation of performing correlation on the phase baseband samples using the PN phase data is accomplished using scalar subtraction.

In a wireless data transmission scheme, in order to demodulate and decode an incoming signal it is generally necessary to synchronize the clock of an incoming signal with a local clock on the receiver. This requires the receiver to first determine a frequency offset of the incoming signal with respect to the local clock before it can begin demodulating in decoding the signal.
One way of determining a frequency offset involves performing autocorrelation on samples of the incoming signal and looking for maximum points. Based on the location of these maximum points, the receiver can determine a frequency offset value between the clock of the incoming signal and the receiver's local clock.
Once the frequency correction value is determined, the receiver can then proceed to a demodulation and decoding operation. During this operation, the receiver will perform correlation of the incoming signal with a known PN code to identify where the symbols (i.e., chips) are.
Conventional frequency offset estimation and demodulation/decoding operations are performed on I/Q data. When I/Q data is used, both correlation and autocorrelation require the receiver to perform complex multiplication. This complex multiplication is a complicated operation that requires significant circuitry to implement. Furthermore, as the amount of circuitry required increases, so too does the amount of power that circuitry uses, and the space required on a chip to form that circuitry.
In addition, conventional frequency offset estimation requires that multiple autocorrelation values be generated to determine a frequency offset estimate. Also, each autocorrelation value that must be calculated requires additional time and additional power.
Furthermore, conventional frequency offset estimation and demodulation/decoding operations are implemented using separate circuitry for each of these tasks. This serves to further increase the power requirements for a signal demodulator, as well as the required surface area of a chip required to contain the signal demodulator.
It would therefore be desirable to provide a signal demodulation circuit and method that is relatively simple in design, may require lower power than conventional demodulation circuits, may operate more quickly than conventional demodulation circuits, and may take up less space on a chip than conventional demodulation circuits.

System and method for demodulating an incoming signal


A method and apparatus for synchronizing the secondary side to the primary side of a transformer circuit are presented. A preamble which consists primarily of data pulses and inverted power pulses is used initially to obtain the parameters for and to set up a phase locked loop. For example, an edge-triggered one-shot circuit can be used to generate a reference clock from the preamble until lock is detected. Once the phase lock loop locks onto the clock, normal communication between the primary and secondary commences. The phase lock loop, which is in the secondary, is kept in phase during normal communication using valid Manchester edges from the transmit signal.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the field of electronic communications. More specifically the invention relates to synchronizing communication between the secondary and primary sides of a transformer circuit used as an isolation barrier.
2. Background
An isolation barrier is generally used in applications in which it is desired to keep voltage potentials in one portion of a circuit isolated from voltages in another portion, e.g., to prevent relatively excessive and/or harmful voltages from entering a relatively low voltage or voltage sensitive circuit. Such applications may include, for example, telephony, medical, industrial, and other similar applications.
For example, in a telephony application, it may be necessary to protect communication circuitry from high voltages on the telephone line by placing an isolation barrier between the communication circuitry and the telephone line. However, while it is desirable to prevent harmful voltages from crossing from one side of an isolation barrier to the other, it is also desirable to facilitate signal communication between circuits on both sides of the barrier. In telephony applications, the isolation requirement is generally imposed by some governmental requirement (e.g., FCC part 68 in the US).
The transformer is one of several types of electrical devices that may be used as an element of an isolation barrier. However, in the prior art, digital communication across a transformer generally requires either a pulse transformer for each direction of communication, or time domain multiplexing of a pulse transformer (i.e., half-duplex communication). Prior art systems are incapable of full-duplex digital communication across a single transformer.
Half-duplex communication reduces communication bandwidth as each direction of communication must wait its turn to use the one-way signal channel. However, the use of multiple transformers to achieve two-way communication is expensive in terms of cost and space. A full duplex, single-transformer solution is therefore desired.
Unfortunately, the electrical characteristics of a transformer make it difficult to simultaneously drive a transmit signal onto, and detect a receive signal from, the same port of a transformer. For example, a transmit voltage signal driven across one port of a transformer gives rise to a load current component and a magnetizing inductance current component. The load current is proportional to the transmit voltage signal divided by the load impedance across the second port of the transformer. The magnetizing current on the other hand is generated by the inductance of the transformer coil being driven, and is proportional to the integral of the transmit voltage signal that appears across the first port of transformer. The value of the magnetizing current is thus dependent upon the history of the transmit signal.
For full-duplex signaling, it would be desirable and advantageous to have a system that can detect a receive signal across the same port of the transformer that is being used simultaneously to drive the transmit signal, in the presence of the load current and magnetizing current associated with the transmit signal.

Method and apparatus for synchronization of data in a transformer circuit


The invention relates to a hydraulic system (1) for providing pressures and volumetric flows in a dual clutch transmission, in particular for providing a first volumetric flow for cooling and lubricating a first clutch (2) and for providing a second volumetric flow for cooling and lubricating a second clutch (3). The hydraulic system is distinguished by the fact that at least one switching valve (4), which in a first position guides a lubricating flow onto the first clutch (2) and a cooling flow onto the second clutch (3) and in a second position guides the lubricating flow onto the second clutch (3) and the cooling flow onto the first clutch (2), is connected upstream of the first clutch (2) and the second clutch (3). The cooling flow is preferably variable.

The invention relates to a hydraulic system for providing pressures and volumetric flows in a dual clutch transmission, in particular for providing a first volumetric flow for cooling and lubricating a first clutch and for providing a second volumetric flow for cooling and lubricating a second clutch. In addition to cooling and lubricating the clutches, the hydraulic system also performs further tasks in dual clutch transmissions which are known from the prior art. By way of example, the hydraulic system can automatically actuate the two clutches, and gears of the dual clutch transmission are also engaged/released automatically by means of a plurality of shifting actuators.
EP 1413803 has described a method for cooling the two clutches of a dual clutch transmission in a motor vehicle. Carrying out the method requires a hydraulic system which provides a volumetric flow of oil for each clutch. The method provides for there to be a volumetric flow for the respective clutch which is dependent on an oil sump temperature, on the temperature of the oil flowing out of the respective clutch and on the power which is being transmitted by the clutches. Accordingly, a control valve or the like has to be provided for every volumetric flow in order to be able to control the volumetric flows as a function of the factors listed above.
DE 103 06 895 likewise describes a method for cooling a dual clutch of a motor vehicle; in this case, the two clutches are acted on by a single volumetric flow of a coolant together. This simplifies the structure of the corresponding hydraulic system compared to cooling with two volumetric flows. However, it is not possible for one clutch of the dual clutch transmission to be individually cooled and lubricated. Therefore, it is proposed in DE 103 06 895 that the total volumetric flow for cooling and lubricating be interrupted in particular at low temperatures, in order to reduce the drag torque caused by the coolant in the clutch and thereby to simplify the engaging of a gear. In this case, it would be sufficient to interrupt only the volumetric flow for the clutch which is assigned to the partial transmission of the dual clutch transmission in which a gear is to be engaged.
The provision of volumetric flows for in each case one clutch thereby allows targeted cooling and lubrication of the two clutches with more degrees of freedom. However, this generally leads to a greater number of hydraulic components and in particular to a greater number of expensive control valves. Moreover, when designing the hydraulic system, it needs to be ensured that at least emergency operation of the dual clutch transmission should be possible in the event of one or more of its components failing.

Hydraulic system for providing pressures and volumetric flows in a dual clutch transmission


The present invention discloses an optical device able to luminesce, whereby the optical device comprises, inter alia, a luminescent source that is directly or indirectly mechanically coupled to a low-order mode waveguide, such that light emitting from the luminescent source is optically coupled into the low-order mode waveguide. In embodiments of the invention, the distance D between point sources of the luminescent source and the waveguide is about equal to or smaller than the decay length of the exponential tails of the modes supported by the waveguide, thereby obtaining an optical coupling efficiency of at least 3%. Additional and alternative embodiments are claimed and disclosed.

Using organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) as monolithically integrated luminescent source in integrated optical devices might be beneficial in many applications for the following reasons: First, OLEDs can be fabricated by purely additive low-temperature processes such as ink-jet printing and can thus be easily integrated onto almost any substrate. Second, they are ultra-thin and thus offer the potential for substantial space saving. Third, via chemical modification of the OLED's light emitting molecule(s) the emission spectrum can be tuned over a wide range of the optical spectrum. Fourth, they are compatible with flexible polymeric substrates. Finally, due to their simple device architecture and processing scheme they hold the promise for low-cost fabrication and integration.
A major challenge pertaining to OLEDs is the coupling of the light emitted therefrom into a low-order mode (less than 20 modes) supporting waveguide. Various publications teach how light emitted from an OLED may be optically coupled into a waveguide. However, implementations of these publications are not suitable for the coupling of light into a waveguide in low-order modes.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,907,160 for example, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, discloses a thin film organic light emitting diode with edge emitter waveguide comprising, in sequence, a substrate, a waveguide, an anode, a hole transport layer, an electroluminescent layer, and a cathode. Voltage applied between the anode and cathode causes the electroluminescent layer to emit light through the hole transport layer and the anode into the waveguide where the light is internally reflected within the waveguide and propagates through the length of the waveguide to be emitted through the edge of the waveguide.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,472,817, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, discloses an organic light emitting device having a first electrode and a transparent electrode with an organic light emitting layer therebetween; characterized by a waveguide provided on the opposite side of the transparent electrode compared to the organic light emitting layer. In addition, U.S. Pat. No. 6,472,817 also discloses a device incorporating at least two such organic light emitting devices so as to provide a pulsed modulation output or a multi-color output.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,704,335, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, discloses an edge-emitting type light-emitting device that comprises an organic light-emitting layer, a pair of electrode layers for applying an electric field to the organic light-emitting layer, and an optical waveguide which transmits light emitted from the organic light-emitting layer to the edge. The optical waveguide disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,704,335 further comprises a core layer mainly transmitting light, and cladding layers having a refractive index lower than that of the core layer. The core layer may be a layer different from the organic light-emitting layer or may comprise the organic light-emitting layer. A grating is formed in the core layer or in the boundary area between the core layer and the cladding layer. A light-emitting device may comprise an optical fibre section. Another embodiment may comprise a defect and a grating having a one-dimensional periodic refractive index distribution and constituting a photonic band gap. However, implementations of teachings disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,907,160, 6,472,817 and 6,704,335 induce waveguide losses caused by the presence of the OLED itself. Accordingly, implementations of the above-mentioned US patents fail to couple light emitted from the OLEDs into a low-order mode waveguide.
Further, Y. Ohmori et al. disclose in the publication "Realization of Polymeric Optical Integrated Devices Utilizing Organic Light-Emitting Diodes and Photodetectors Fabricated on a Polymeric Waveguide, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 10, p. 70, No. 1, 2004", which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, a 45° cut mirror at one end of a waveguide of 70 μm core size to reflect the light from the OLED on top of the waveguide into the core. However, since the optical power that can be coupled scales with the core size of the waveguide, the approach disclosed by Y. Ohmori et al. yields insufficient power in the case of low-order mode waveguides.
Y.-Y. Lin et al. disclose in their publication "Integration of polymer light-emitting diodes and polymer waveguide on SI substrate", Applied Physics Letters 89, 063501, 2006", which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, the introduction of a diffuser layer into the waveguide to couple light from an OLED into a coplanar waveguide. However, diffuser particles are difficult to integrate into low-order mode waveguides of thicknesses equal to the wavelength of the light they guide. Furthermore, multiple scattering events constitute a major problem in the case of low-order mode waveguides and limit the achievable coupling efficiency considerably.

Optical device and system and method for fabricating the device

CSEM Centre Suisse D'Electronique Et De Microtechnique SA


The present disclosure relates general to devices, systems, and methods of using such devices in creating and handling hanging drops of fluid. The present disclosure also relates to cell culture devices, methods and/or systems of using such devices as well as the use of cell culture devices, for example, for research and high throughput screening.

In vitro cellular and tissue models for various drug testing and screening experiments are often central to the development of novel therapeutics in the pharmaceutical industry. Currently, however, most in vitro studies are still performed under conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems, which are often not physiological models for functional tissues and tumors. Therefore, drug studies involving such models may not produce accurate readouts. To obtain more meaningful results, in vivo studies involving animals are often utilized. However, one obvious drawback of in vivo studies is the time-consuming and expensive nature of these experiments. To bridge this gap between the non-physiological conventional 2D models and in vivo experiments, three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models that provide more therapeutically predictive and physiologically relevant results for drug testing and screening in the pharmaceutical industry are needed. One way to create 3D cell culture models is through the formation of spheroids, or 3D clusters or aggregates of cells.
Scaling up of spheroid culture in a manner suitable for certain applications such as high-throughput screening and testing has several drawbacks. Traditional spheroid formation involves cultivation of suspended cells in hanging drops on the underside of a Petri dish lid. This process requires inverting of the lid following placement of the drops. As a result, the drops are susceptible to perturbation, resulting in falling, spreading, and merging with neighboring drops. Although inexpensive, this method is labor-intensive, does not permit efficient scalable production, and is not compatible with automated instruments for high-throughput screening. Because it is difficult to perform media exchange without damaging the spheroids, this method usually requires another labor-intensive step of transferring the spheroids manually, one by one, to a multi-well culture plate for longer-term culture, treatment, analysis, and harvest.
An alternative is to induce the formation of spheroids under continuous agitation of cell suspension in bioreactors, such as spinner flasks and rotary culture vessels. This method requires the consumption of large quantities of culture media. It also requires specialized equipment and the size and uniformity of the spheroids are hard to control. The high variability in spheroids prohibits their use in many applications.
Methods are also available to produce spheroids using 3D microwell structures and planar micropatterns. However, these methods require specialized and expensive equipment for generating the microwell structures and micropatterns. Moreover, since a plurality of spheroids is cultured within one fluid compartment, the spheroids cannot be individually monitored, manipulated, and treated with testing compounds. The difficulty of performing analysis on individual spheroids before and after treatment also makes these methods unsuitable for certain applications, for example, drug testing and screening applications.
Other recent advances include microfluidic devices designed to generate and manipulate spheroids. However, these devices are expensive to design and produce. In addition, these devices are not suitable for long-term culture of spheroids, not chemically compatible with certain drugs, and not compatible with automated instruments for performing high-throughput screening.
To address problems in the art, there is a need for the devices, methods and/or systems disclosed herein.

Hanging drop devices, systems and/or methods

The Regents of The University of Michigan


An electrical connector comprising an insulative housing defining a mating surface adapted to support an IC package, at least four passageways defined in region within the mating surface and each passageway associated a clapboard arranged between every two adjacent passageways; at least four contacts received in corresponding passageways respectively, each contact including a contact engaging portion extending upwardly above the mating surface and toward the IC; wherein the clapboard has protrusions extending upwardly therefrom along a direction perpendicular to a bottom surface of the IC package seated on the mating surface, the protrusions comprising first protrusions and second protrusions higher than the first protrusions; the first protrusions being arranged between every two adjacent contacts, allowing the engaging portion of the two adjacent contacts without interference when the IC is seated on the mating surface of the housing.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electrical connector, and more particularly to an electrical connector for electrically connecting an IC packaged and a printed circuit board (PCB).
2. Background of the invention
Land Grid Array (LGA) electrical connectors are widely used for electrically connecting two electrical interfaces such as an electrical substrate, e.g. a PCB, and an integrated circuit (IC) package, e.g. a central processing unit (CPU).
Typical conventional LGA connectors are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,504,105, 4,621,884, 4,692,790, 5,302,853, and 5,344,334. Each of these connectors generally comprises an insulative housing embedded with a plurality of electrical contact.
FIG. 1 disclosed an electrical connector 6 relates to the present invention, comprising an insulative housing 60 that is generally of a rectangle shape and a number of electrical contacts 61. Each of the electrical contacts 61 connects a contact carrier 610. The insulative housing 60 has two first sidewalls 62 opposite to each other and two second sidewalls 63 opposite to each other and adjacent to the first sidewalls 62. Said four sidewalls define a receiving cavity for receiving an IC package (not shown), and the insulative housing 60 defining a mating surface 64 adapted to support an IC package, a number of passageways 65 defined in the region with the mating surface 64. The insulative housing 60 defines a plurality of protrusions 640 seated around the mating surface 64. The two first sidewalls 62 each defines an incline plane (not labeled)) having a certain angle with regard to the mating surface 64. After the electrical contacts 61 be inserted into the passageways 65, the contact carrier 610 can be moved out of the insulative housing 60 along the incline plane.
Generally, as electronic systems that have said electrical connector 6 become more sophisticated, the systems require an increasing number of electrical contacts, so density of the contact is increased. When the electrical contacts 61 contacts with the IC package under an external force, two adjacent electrical contacts may interfere with each other because the contact of an LGA connector each have a resilient arm extending upwardly toward the IC package. Additionally, the protrusions 640 seated around the mating surface 64 are used to reduce or cancel said external force, the middle of the IC package may curved toward the mating surface 64 and the contacts 61 under the external force. As the external force big enough, the IC package and the electrical contacts may be destroyed and the electrical connection becomes unsteady.
Therefore, a new electrical connector to resolve the above-mentioned problems is desired.

LGA socket connector having housing with upward protective protrusion adjacent contact terminal


A catalytic process for the synthesis of aromatic primary amines, reagent compositions for effecting the process, and transition metal complexes useful in the process, are provided.

The aromatic amine moiety is a structural component in a variety of many useful organic compounds. Such compounds are useful in their own right, or as intermediates in the preparation of, for example, dyes, herbicides, insecticides, and pharmaceuticals. Aromatic primary amines are of particular interest and may be converted though derivatization to a wide variety of derivatives, for example via alkylation (to form secondary or tertiary amines), acylation (to form amides) or sulfonylation (to form sulfonamides).
New methods of synthesizing aromatic primary amines are needed. Many of the classical methods of preparing such compounds suffer from problems such as requiring harsh reaction conditions and are therefore lacking compatibility with other functional groups or selectivity, or being of limited scope.
A well-known procedure for the synthesis of aromatic primary amines involves nitration of an aromatic ring with an electrophilic nitrating agent, followed by reduction of the resulting aromatic nitro compound. The usefulness of the procedure may be limited by the lack of selectivity or inappropriate selectivity of the nitrating agent (typically nitric acid). Selectivity requires the reagent to attack one C—H bond selectively in the presence of other C—H bonds in the compound and other reactive functionalities in the substrate. For example, in substrates containing an activating group—a group that donates electrons to the aromatic ring—a mixture of nitrated products may be obtained wherein the nitro group is introduced ortho and/or para to the activating group. Further, activated substrates (electron rich aromatic groups) may be over-nitrated to give di- or tri-nitro derivatives. The nitrating agents are powerful oxidants, and therefore not compatible with all substrates. In addition, in order to effect conversion to the primary amine, selective reduction of the nitro group must be achieved.
Other methods of synthesizing aromatic amines involve substitution of existing functional groups. For example, nucleophilic substitution reactions of electron-deficient aromatic compound is efficient for certain substrates. See Hattori, et al., Synthesis, 1994, 199; and Bunnett, Acc. Chem. Res., 1978, 11, 413. The usefulness of such reactions is generally limited to substrates that are activated to substitution via an SNAr mechanism, where an electron withdrawing group stabilizes the intermediate resulting from nucleophile addition to the position of the aromatic ring bearing a leaving group. A suitable electron withdrawing group disposed in a 1,2- or 1,4-position relative to the leaving group activates substrate to nucleophilic displacement by the SNAr mechanism by stabilizing the transition state to the intermediate in which the nucleophile is added to the aromatic ring. In suitable substrates, displacement can be achieved using an amine or ammonia as the nucleophile.
In nucleophilic substitution substrates that lack a suitable activating (i.e. electron-withdrawing) group, displacement of a leaving group can sometimes be achieved with powerfully basic anionic metal amides. However, rather than occurring via the SNAr addition-elimination mechanism, such displacements may occur via an elimination-addition mechanism proceeding via base-induced elimination of H—X (wherein X is the leaving group) to form an "aryne" intermediate, followed by addition of the amide to the C≡C bond of the aryne. Since the amide addition to the aryne may occur at either of the carbon atoms of the C≡C bond of the aryne, the amino group may be introduced either at the carbon at which the leaving group was located, or at an adjacent position (the latter being referred to as "cine substitution"). Thus, even if a substrate is compatible with the powerfully basic conditions for displacement with a metal amide, the substitution reaction may result in a mixture of products.
A very useful variation on the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction has been the use of organometallic catalysts in catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of substituted aromatic compounds with amino compounds. Such reactions typically involve an aromatic substrate having a halide or sulfonate leaving group reacted with an organic amine in the presence of an organometallic catalyst. The organometallic catalyst is typically a palladium catalyst comprising a phosphine ligand (usually a chelating phosphine ligand such as 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl, or a sterically hindered monophosphine such as biphenyl-2-yldi-t-butylphosphine). The reaction is typically performed in the presence of a base such as sodium t-butoxide. Such reactions achieve an equivalent result to the nucleophilic displacement of the leaving group of the aromatic substrate with the amino compound. For references, see, e.g., J. Louie and J. F. Hartwig, Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 36, 3609; A. S. Guram, et al., Angew. Chem, Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 1348; J. F. Hartwig, Synlett, 1997, 329; J. F. Hartwig, Pure Appl. Chem., 1999, 71, 1417-1423; S. L. MacNeil et al., Synlett, 1998, 419; J. F. Hartwig, Angew, Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1998, 37, 2046-2067; J. F. Hartwig, Acc. Chem. Res., 1998, 31, 852; J. P. Wolfe, et al., Acc. Chem. Res., 1998, 31, 805-818; B. H. Yang and S. L. Buchwald, J. Organomet. Chem., 1999, 576 (1-2), 125-146; S. L. Buch wald, Top. Curr. Chem., 2002, 219, 131-209; J. F. Hartwig, "Palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl halides and related reactions" in "Handbook of Organopalladium Chemistry for Organic Synthesis" by E.-i. Negishi, et al., Wiley-Interscience (2002), pp. 1051-1096; L. Jiang and S. L. Buchwald, "Palladium-Catalyzed Aromatic Carbon-Nitrogen Bond Formation" in "Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions" by A. de Meijere, et al., Wiley-VCH (2004), pp. 699-760; U.S. Pat. No. 5,576,460; U.S. Pat. No. 5,977,361; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,235,938. The catalyzed amination reaction is believed to involve a catalytic cycle involving oxidative addition of the aromatic compound to a palladium (0) complex, ligand exchange wherein the leaving group of the aromatic compound is exchanged for the amine to form a palladium-nitrogen complex, followed by reductive elimination of the aromatic amine compound.
In spite of the advance represented by the catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of substituted aromatic compounds with amino compounds, a significant limitation of the process is that prior to the present invention, no method for directly cross-coupling ammonia or metal amides (containing an NH2− anion) with an aromatic compound to form aromatic primary amines has been reported. Such a method, if available, would be a very convenient method of preparing aromatic primary amines, particularly in view of the fact that ammonia is a very readily available, and cheap, bulk chemical.
Instead of using ammonia, previous syntheses of aromatic primary amines using the cross-coupling methodology have employed ammonia surrogates that require deprotection in order to give the primary amine. Such approaches thus give the primary amine only indirectly. Examples of references describing such approaches using ammonia surrogates are: S. Jaime-Figueroa, et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 1313; G. Mann, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 827; J. P. Wolfe, et al., Tetrahedron Lett., 1997, 38, 6367; J. P. Wolfe, et al., J. Org. Chem., 2000, 65, 1158; G. A. Grasa, et al., J. Org. Chem., 2001, 66, 7729; S. Lee, et al., Org. Lett., 2001, 3, 2729; X. Huang, et al., Org. Lett., 2001, 3, 3417; J. Barluenga, et al., Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 2004, 43, 343. Jaime-Figueroa, et al. (Tetrahedron Lett., 1998, 39, 1313-1316) described the use of allyl amines as ammonia equivalents in the cross-coupling methodology, in a process that required subsequent deallylation of the resulting allylamine to prepare the desired primary amine. Wolfe, et al. (Tetrahedron Lett., 1997, 38, 6368) described the use of benzophenone imine as an ammonia surrogate in cross-coupling reactions in which the cross-coupling proceeds initially to give an N-substituted benzophenone imine, which undergoes acid-catalyzed hydrolysis to give the desired aromatic primary amine. In another approach, lithium hexamethyldisilazide has been used in cross-coupling reactions, with the resulting aromatic N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)amine yielding the aromatic primary amine upon hydrolysis. S. Lee, et al., Org. Lett., 2001, 3, 2729; X. Huang, et al., Org. Lett., 2001, 3, 3417.
In view of the disadvantages of traditional methods of synthesizing aromatic primary amines, and the convenience and efficiency of the transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions to form amines, it would be very desirable to have available a process in which cross-coupling of ammonia or a metal amide could be used in a cross-coupling reaction to prepare primary amines directly, without having to use ammonia surrogates.
Such a reaction would be useful for the synthesis of a wide variety of compounds. Compounds that could be prepared by such a process include compounds that are useful, for example, as pharmaceuticals, agricultural products (e.g., herbicides, pesticides), organic materials such as anti-oxidants, or ligands for use in catalysts, as well as intermediates in the synthesis of such products.

Process for the synthesis of arylamines from the reaction of an aromatic compound with ammonia or a metal amide


A method of making a dental appliance made of an elasticized acrylic containing embedded nylon fibers including the steps of heating the thermoplastic material, forming it onto a dental cast, and cooling it to a rigid state. The fibers may be arranged in various patterns within the elasticized acrylic and it is the fibers which act on the arch through the elasticized acrylic. The appliance may be used as a tooth positioner, a retainer, a splint, or a base plate.

This invention relates to dental appliances. More specifically, it relates to a new and improved appliance comprising a unique organization and arrangement of synthetic materials. Various embodiments of the applicance are disclosed, including a tooth positioner, a retainer, a splint and a base plate.
Historically, orthodontic appliances for performing tooth movement have involved the use of metal parts such as metal bands, metal brackets and metal arch wires. Because of the inherent nature of these components, the presence of such appliances in the mouth of an individual is readily apparent in the individual's everyday activities.
In one respect the present invention is an improvement over these appliances because it avoids the prominent use of metal parts. Hence it presents a less noticeable appearance, but is nonetheless fully capable of performing tooth movement in order to achieve desired orthodontic corrections.
Further aspects of the invention are that it can be embodied in a number of ways depending upon the needs of the particular type of correction to be performed, it can be fabricated in a more efficient manner than prior appliances, and when worn by an individual, it can provide improved comfort and a better fit.
While the principal objective relates to the applicances per se, related aspects of the invention include apparatus and methods for fabricating the appliances, and to the materials used in fabricating the appliances.
A preliminary novelty search in connection with the present invention has not revealed any pertinent prior art. The only reference of any interest is U.S. Pat. No. 4,055,895. That patent discloses an appliance in which a mouthpiece is molded around tensioned bands. In practice it is believed that such an appliance is discomforting to wear because it is in the form of a mouthpiece. Likewise it has a limited degree of effectiveness because it is adapted specifically to treatment of one particular condition, and at that it is unclear how well that treatment can be performed by the appliance in practice. Such an appliance would occupy the whole mouth and therefore it is unlikely to be worn for extended periods during everyday use. It is obviously very noticeable.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,224,021 shows a rigid, transparent, plastic band which is anchored by C-clasps and special fasteners to the molars.
Thus the present invention, as will be hereinafter seen, possesses most significant advantages over the existing state-of-the-art. A presently preferred embodiment of the invention will be hereinafter prescribed with reference to the accompanying drawings which portray the best means contemplated at the present time in carrying out the invention.

Method of making an orthodontic appliance


Debris pans and debris pan assemblies are provided. A debris pan includes a bin with an open end for receiving debris and a closed interior for containing debris. A plurality of baffles protrude from a floor of the closed interior, and the plurality of baffles may be configured to slow debris flow inside the closed interior. A debris pan assembly includes a bin, a yoke attached to the bin, and an elongated shaft attached to the yoke. The debris pan assembly also includes a latch on the bin that is selectively pivotable between a first position and a second position. The first position of the latch is configured to engage the yoke such that the bin and the yoke are rigidly positioned relative to one another. The second position of the latch is configured to disengage the yoke from the bin.

Debris pans (or dustpans) are commonly used to pick up dry particles such as trash and other objects lying on the ground. Traditionally, these debris pans may allow dust particles and liquid substances to spill back onto the floor. Furthermore, traditional debris pans may swing erratically once the bin is lifted from the ground. Because the receptacle is capable of free movement without restriction, whenever a user moves the bin or decides to empty the bin, the receptacle may rotate without any control by the user. These two aspects may cause inefficiency for a user because the material, both liquid and solid, may fall out of the pan.
Accordingly, there is a need for a debris pan configured to reduce the amount of liquid and other debris that will escape from the bin during use and/or to prevent the free movement of the bin when a user lifts the pan.


An image file editing method includes an analysis step of analyzing a compression format of each of a plurality of images included in a plurality of image files, a display step of displaying analysis results together with thumbnail images each of which corresponds to one of the plurality of images, a selection step of selecting images based on the thumbnail images, a determination step of determining, based on the results obtained in the analysis step, whether or not a compression format of each selected image is changeable, a compression step of applying a changed compression format, and an output step of collectively outputting selected images as a single image file.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a technique for compressing and editing image data files.
2. Description of the Related Art
One of known techniques for separating multi-valued document image data into image areas and compressing the image areas is to separate a document image into a character portion and a figure portion and compress the character portion and the figure portion using the modified read (MMR) and Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) formats, respectively.
However, it is difficult to reconstruct image files, once created, using image objects having different compression formats. Thus, for example, if a plurality of image files are combined to create a single image file, there is a problem in that the file size of a multipage image file created by combining files becomes too large depending on the number of files combined or the file size of each file.
Further, in general, in a situation where multipage image files such as Portable Document Format (PDF) files, lossy compressed files such as JPEG files, and uncompressed files such as Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) files exist, each image file or page is separated into a character region and a background region. In this case, it is not possible to reconstruct image files using image objects having different compression formats and combine the files to create a multipage image file.
Further, as known in the art, a method of displaying, in a thumbnail image, information indicating whether or not an image file has text data added thereto to allow a user to easily recognize attribute is implemented as software. However, information indicating whether or not a character region and a background region, which are separated from each other, are composed of image objects having different compression formats is not displayed. Thus, a problem occurs in that a user is not able to easily recognize the compression state of images.

Image file editing apparatus and method, and program


A water soluble dermal treatment film for dressing burns, surface wounds, cuts, scrapes, rashes or other dermal wound or lesion comprises a flexible sheet-like dressing made of polyalkyloxazoline. The dressing can have a structural layer and a pressure sensitive adhesive layer. The structural layer can be made of a polyalkyloxazoline composition formulated to obtain a flexible structural sheet. The pressure sensitive adhesive layer can be formulated to obtain pressure sensitive properties, maintaining the treatment film in position during its use. At such time the treatment film is to be removed, it can be removed without harsh scrubbing methods with a warm aqueous spray or soak. The sheet-like treatment means can be reinforced or impregnated with medicinal compositions to induce healing, reduce infection or stabilize the skin surface.

A great deal of attention has been directed to developing sheet-like dressings, for the treatment of body surfaces, using a variety of materials. Curtis et al, U.S. Pat. No. 2,579,367 teaches using a coagulated proteinaceous solution or paste, and forming a soluble, semi-permeable, artificial bandage. Anderson, U.S. Pat. No. 3,328,259 teaches a film prepared from a cellulose derivative such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, glycerol, and water. The cellulose derivative is described as a composition that will cause the coagulation of blood plasma. Catania et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,969,498 teaches a flexible wound dressing formed primarily from a water soluble dextran polymer. Mason, Jr. et al, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,391,799 and 4,393,048 teach a protective gel composition for treating white phosphorous burn wounds containing water soluble hydrogels of alkali metal alginate and glycerine. Murray, Canadian Pat. No. 1,180,622 teaches forming a laminate comprising two sheets of a water soluble material having a layer of a mendicament.
In the treatment of dermal lesions, significant problems can arise in contacting lesions with treatments in general and with sheet-like dressings in particular. The application of a dressing can often disturb injured tissues. Portions of dressings can often be included in the formation of new skin during the healing of abrasions, cuts, and other skin injury. The removal of many dressings can cause significant pain and often can re-open at least portions of partially healed wounds. More particularly, in the treatment of other wounds such as burns and other more serious injuries or surface lesions that involve a significant area of the skin, simply applying many available sheet-like dressings to the wound can cause severe pain and discomfort. Further, the removal of such dressings after a period of a few days can cause additional pain and suffering. Further, sheet-like dressings need to be formulated such that the dressings can include antibiotic compositions, compositions that can promote wound healing, pain killers, and other treatment agents.
Accordingly, a substantial need exists for dressings that can be applied and removed from the skin surface with minimal pain and discomfort while at the same time providing a vehicle for the application of beneficial treatments to the skin surface.


The present invention is directed to a positioning apparatus which is used to position work pieces in a work piece securing mechanism during a computer controlled machining operation. The apparatus includes an arm which is slidably mounted on a graduated shaft so that the position of the arm from a zero reference point can be determined. The apparatus may also include a second graduated shaft slidably mounted in the arm so that the position of a work piece inside a work piece securing mechanism can be determined in relation to a zero reference point. The apparatus of this invention can repeatedly position work pieces within about 0.0005 inch (0.0013 cm) of a desired position, or better.

In a machining operation such as, for example, cutting, drilling, milling, shearing, etc., it is frequently necessary to machine a large number of similar or different work pieces. A work piece is typically held during the machining operation by a work piece positioning device such as, for example, a vice with a pair of opposing gripping jaws. For such operations, each work piece is positioned at a desired location in relation to the machining device to ensure that each work piece is machined properly. The same work pieces are typically positioned at the same location. When the machining process is computer controlled, the computer often controls the machining of each work piece relative to a zero reference point programmed into the computer controls.
The prior art includes various stop gauge assemblies, each having a stop surface against which a work piece is positioned in order to locate the work piece for machining. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,197,721 to Ruberg discloses a device attachable to a milling machine vise for positioning a work piece between a pair of vise jaws. The device described in the Ruberg patent includes a bar clamped to a top surface of a vise and an intermediate member connected to the end of the bar. The intermediate member has a leading end mounting a work piece contacting rod. The contacting rod has a contact or stop surface and is adjustable so as to secure its stop surface at a desired location, relative to the machining device. The work piece is positioned against the stop surface, gripped in the vise jaws and then machined. If the work pieces are relatively identical, once the position of the stop surface is set, all of the work pieces can be machined similarly with a high degree of consistency between the work pieces. If the work piece changes, then the position of the stop surface typically needs to be repositioned.
One problem with the device described in the Ruberg patent is that the contacting rod, and therefore the stop surface, cannot be positioned at a desired location and repositioned to a different location with a high degree of precision. The inability to position the stop surface of the Ruberg device, and therefore the work piece, with a high degree of precision makes it more difficult and time consuming, if not impossible, to machine a work piece with a high degree of precision, in particular by computer control.
Accordingly, there is a need for a stop gauge assembly which can position a work piece to a desired location and reposition the work piece to a different location with a high degree of precision.

High precision adjustable stop gauge assembly


A common message header bearer method for converting a SOAP API into a REST API includes: determining a REST API common message bearing field, where the common message bearing field is a field in a REST API message header and complies with a following format: one header field name+one header field value+multiple attribute-value pairs (10); and bearing a relevant content of a SOAP message header in the common message bearing field in a format of the attribute-value pairs (11). Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide an apparatus for converting a SOAP API into a REST API.

A Simple Object Access Protocol Application Programming Interface (SOAP API, Simple Object Access Protocol Application Programming Interface) is an interface for implementing interconnection and interworking between application software systems based on a Web service mechanism. The SOAP API allows application software developed by using different operating systems and different languages to easily implement interworking. A complete SOAP API message includes a message header (header bearer) and a message body (body bearer). The message header is used to bear common information for common processing such as authorization. The message body is used to bear service-related information for service-related processing.
A Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface (REST API, Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface) is a common interoperable interface between Internet-based WEB application capabilities, that is, an API complying with the REST style. A system corresponding to the API complying with the REST style is a REST-style system. Features of the REST-style system include the followings: externally open information is a resource, where the resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI, Uniform Resource Identifier) of conventional WEB technologies; only four operations are allowed for the externally open resource, including add, modify, delete, and get, which respectively correspond to Post (add), Put (modify), Delete (delete) and Get (get) in the Hyper text Transfer Protocol (HTTP, Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) of conventional WEB technologies.
With the fast development of the Internet, it is expected that all capabilities may be open to the Internet. For example, a conventional application system using Web services starts to open to the Internet. Therefore, it is necessary to open the SOAP API as a corresponding REST API (that is, convert the SOAP API into the REST API). When the SOAP API is opened as the corresponding REST API, contents of the service part will be abstracted into resources, and the SOAP common message header part requires a common bearer point in the new REST API interface. Because WEB technologies use the HTTP protocol, HTTP message headers of the HTTP protocol of WEB applications mainly bear fields related to negotiation between HTTP protocol clients and servers, and HTTP message bodies mainly bear service messages. As a result, when the SOAP API is converted into the REST API, it is necessary to find an appropriate position in HTTP to carry the relevant content of a SOAP message header.
A prior art 1 provides a solution for converting the SOAP API into the REST API, which is extending HTTP message header fields by adding contents which are to be carried by SOAP header and prefixed with X, as follows:
POSThttp://www.example.com/sms/1.0/smsmessaging/outbound/100860001/requests HTTP/1.1Authorization: Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ==Accept: application/xmlContent-Type: application/xml; charset=UTF-8Host: example.com:80X-Partner-Id:3500001X-Service-Id:35000010001
This extension results in too many header field names in HTTP protocol fields, which is confusing. In addition, the extension of HTTP protocol fields is normally related to a bottom-layer negotiation mechanism between HTTP protocol clients and servers, and this extension reduces the processing speed of bottom-layer negotiation between the clients and the servers.
A prior art 2 provides a solution for converting the SOAP API into the REST API, which is carrying a SOAP message header in an HTTP message body.
However, because an HTTP message body mainly bears service messages, the inclusion of message header contents in an XML file of every service message results in strong association between service messages and message headers, and weak independence in file and program processing. In addition, during program processing, the whole service message body must be parsed to complete authorization required by the message header, which results in a low processing speed.
As a result, the prior arts for converting the SOAP API into the REST API have the problem of redundancy and slow message processing.

Common message header bearing method and apparatu for converting soap API into rest API


In one embodiment, a service receives radar data regarding usage of one or more wireless channels by a radar. The service populates a database of radar features with the received radar data. The service trains, using the database of radar features, a machine learning-based model to predict channel usages by the radar. The service causes a wireless access point to change to a different wireless channel, based on the predicted channel usages by the radar.

As wireless devices become more and more prevalent, channel congestion is also rapidly increasing. Notably, many countries allow different types of devices to use the same frequency band. For example, in the United States of America, the 2.4 GHz band is shared by Wi-Fi devices, cordless phones, baby monitors, garage door openers, and the like. In more recent times, Wi-Fi has expanded to the 5 GHz band, portions of which have been used for years for radar applications, such as weather radars, naval radars, etc. While typically less congested than the 2.4 GHz band, radar usage of the 5 GHz band still presents a potential cause for congestion to Wi-Fi devices.

Radar shield client assurance in wireless networks


To make an object image to be displayed on an image processing apparatus that executes bidirectional communication, for example, an optimum display image according to types of information of a display unit, an object, a viewer, and the like. A display area information acquisition unit acquires display area information of the display unit, and an image acquisition unit acquires an input image including the object to be displayed on the display unit. Further, an image information analysis unit executes input image analysis processing, and a display mode determination unit determines a display mode of the object to be displayed on the display unit, applying an analysis result, and displays an output image generated according to the determined display mode on the display unit. Processing for a missing portion of the object in the case of performing full-size display, correction of a line of sight position, and the like are executed.

Bidirectional communication systems such as video conference systems, which transmit and receive images and sounds by way of bidirectional communication via a network, are used in various fields.
In recent years, a large number of high definition large displays have been used. Further, the quality of images and sounds communicated via the network has been improved, and communication with remote users displayed on a display can be performed with a feeling as if the users were in the same conference room.
Furthermore, Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-171695) discloses a system that enables conversation with realistic feeling by displaying a life-size user when displaying the user such as a person who performs communication on a display unit (display).
The system enables a user to have conversation with a feeling as if the communication partner displayed on the display unit was on the spot by displaying the person displayed on the display unit in actual size.
However, although the technology described in Patent Document 1 performs the life-size display, the technology does not take account of the shape of the display unit (display), the place where the display is placed, and the position of a gaze of a viewer who is viewing the display unit, for example.
For example, when the same user image is displayed on a display placed on a table and on a display placed on a floor, positions of the face of the display user are greatly different.
Further, positions of the eyes of the viewing user are greatly different between the case where the viewing user is standing and the case where the viewing user is sitting.
As described above, the case where the height of the gaze of the viewing user and the height of the gaze of the display user are greatly different occurs if the height of the display unit, the position of the eyes of the viewing user, and the like are not taken into account. As a result, for example, the viewing user has to look up and see the face of the display user to have conversation, and a problem that smooth communication cannot be executed, or the like occurs.

Image processing apparatus, image processing system, and image processing method


When writing the shapes of elements of a fine pattern on a substrate by microscopically vibrating the electron beam back and forth in a radial direction of the substrate or in a direction orthogonal to the radial direction and deflecting the electron beam in a direction orthogonal to the vibration direction to scan the electron beam so as to completely fill the shapes of the elements, a proximity-effect correction is performed according to the arrangement density of the elements in which the amount of dose is adjusted by setting the deflection speed faster for the writing of an element in a densely arranged region than for the writing of an identical element in a sparsely arranged region.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electron beam writing method and a fine pattern writing system for writing a fine pattern according to a desired uneven pattern when manufacturing an imprint mold, magnetic transfer master substrate, or the like for a high density magnetic recording medium, such as a discrete track medium, bit pattern medium, or the like.
The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing an uneven pattern carrying substrate, including an imprint mold, magnetic transfer master substrate or the like, having an uneven pattern surface formed through a writing step performed by the electron beam writing method described above. The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a magnetic disk medium having an uneven pattern transferred thereto from the uneven pattern carrying substrate or imprint mold, and a method for manufacturing a magnetic disk medium having a magnetized pattern transferred thereto from the magnetic transfer master substrate.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, information patterns, such as servo patterns and the like are formed on current magnetic disk media. In view of the demand of higher recording density, a discrete track medium (DTM) in which magnetic interference between adjacent data tracks is reduced by separating the tracks with a groove pattern (guard band) has been attracting wide attention. A bit pattern medium (BPM) proposed for achieving still higher density is a medium in which magnetic substances forming single magnetic domains (single-domain particles) are physically isolated and disposed regularly, and one bit is recorded in one particle.
Heretofore, fine patterns, such as servo patterns and the like, have been formed on magnetic media by uneven patterns, magnetic patterns, or the like and an electron beam writing method for patterning a predetermined fine pattern on a master of a magnetic transfer master substrate or the like has been proposed. In the electron beam writing method, a pattern is written on a substrate applied with a resist by irradiating thereon an electron beam corresponding to the shape of the pattern while rotating the substrate as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 7,026,098 and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-184924.
The electron beam writing method described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,026,098 is a method in which when, for example, writing a rectangular or parallelogram element constituting a servo pattern extending in a tack width direction, the electron beam is deflected in a radial direction while being vibrated rapidly in a circumferential direction, thereby scanning the beam so as to completely fill the area of the element.
The electron beam writing method described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-184924 is a method in which the electron beam is vibrated back and forth in a track width direction of the pattern.
In the mean time, in the electron beam writing methods described above, a pattern shape actually exposed on a resist differs from that written on the substrate by scanning an electron beam due to proximity effect, which depends on the element density of a fine pattern and the exposed shape in a high element density area becomes larger than the written shape, and it is known that it is necessary to perform a proximity-effect correction in which the amount of dose (irradiation dose) is changed.
The proximity effect in the electron beam writing described above is exposure effect to an adjacent writing area due to scattering of the irradiated electron beam, and the impact on a writing pattern varies with the element density of the pattern. That is, when an electron beam is incident on a resist, the beam is broadened by forward scattering as it propagates in the resist toward the substrate. Further, the beam incident on the substrate is scattered, causing backward scattering in which the beam is bounced back from the bottom of the substrate with a large scattering angle. The proximity effect is caused by the fact that the resist is exposed broader than the beam irradiation area by the scattered electrons.
The fine pattern described above is an aggregation of elements, each corresponding to each recording signal, and in a densely arranged region where elements are proximally arranged successively as in the central portion of the aggregation of element arrangement, the proximity effect becomes large due to many scattered electrons involving in the writing of adjacent elements and the amount of dose tends to be excessive. On the other hand, in a sparsely arranged region where only a few elements to be written are arranged around as in a contour portion of the aggregation of element arrangement, the number of impacting scattered electrons is small and the proximity effect becomes small, so that the amount of dose tends to be insufficient. These phenomena become more significant as the resist sensitivity is increased.
If the amount of dose varies according to the element density, when a resist after writing exposure is developed, the exposed resist area to be removed differs from the writing area, whereby an error occurs in the element shape, influencing the forming accuracy of a desired pattern.
For example, as illustrated in FIG. 9A, when six elements 3a to 3c having the same signal length (line width) are written on one track by vibrating electron beam EB back and forth in an element width direction (circumferential direction of the substrate), and if the scattering involving in the writing of one element is assumed to influence two elements on each side of the element, the element arrangement density of each of elements 3a on both ends is a sparsely arranged region which is influenced by the two inner elements, that of each of elements 3b located inner side of elements 3a is an intermediately arranged region which is influenced by the one outer element and two inner elements, and that of each of central elements 3c is a densely arranged region which is affected by two elements on each side.
FIG. 9B schematically illustrates an exposed pattern as the result of the electron beam writing shown in FIG. 9A. Where each of elements 4a on both ends has the exposed shape corresponding to the writing width of FIG. 9A from the resist sensitivity and beam intensity, the exposed width of each of elements 4b in the intermediately arranged region becomes larger than the writing width by a predetermined rate, and the exposed width of each of elements 4c in the central densely arranged region becomes further larger than that of elements 4b by a predetermined rate and the element spacing is narrowed. Thus, it is necessary to perform a proximity-effect correction in which the electron beam writing is adjusted for each element so that the actually exposed pattern in FIG. 9B becomes the design pattern shown in FIG. 9A.
The proximity-effect correction in actual electron beam writing has a problem that the setting and write control is complicated.
For example, it is possible to reduce the amplitude of the back and forth vibration of electron beam EB in the circumferential direction in FIG. 9A for the writing of elements 3c so as to be written in narrower lines, whereby a proximity-effect correction may be performed. Fine adjustment of the amplitude for the writing of each element involves changes in the oscillation signal and control difficulties.
In view of the circumstance described above, it is an object of the present invention to provide an electron beam writing method capable of accurately writing a fine pattern, to be formed on a magnetic disk medium, on the entire surface of a substrate in a predetermined manner and rapidly with a constant amount of dose over the entire substrate by enabling an easy proximity-effect correction, and a fine pattern writing system for implementing the electron beam writing method.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing an uneven pattern carrying substrate, such as an imprint mold or a magnetic transfer master substrate, having a fine pattern accurately written by an electron beam, and a method for manufacturing a magnetic disk medium using the uneven pattern carrying substrate in which an uneven pattern or a magnetic pattern is transferred from the uneven pattern carrying substrate to the magnetic disk medium.

Electron beam writing method, fine pattern writing system, method for manufacturing uneven pattern carrying substrate, and method for manufacturing magnetic disk medium


Discovery, maintenance, and representation of entities in a managed system environment are described. Apparatus described herein includes one or more agents that run on respective serves that are managed within a management system, and that generate discovery data in response to a discovery rule. The apparatus also includes a management server that is adapted to transmit the discovery rules for execution by the agent, and to receive the discovery data from the agent. Methods described herein include defining the rules for discovering data about an entity on the server, and receiving the discovery data in response to the rule being executed in an environment in which the entity is deployed. Several types of user interfaces for presenting the discovery data are also disclosed.

Enterprise management systems, such as the Microsoft Operations Manager (MOM) available from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash., enable customers to manage many different components within their enterprises, including, but not limited to: servers, applications, devices, services, sites, desktops, and line of business applications. The list of managed components continues to grow and change constantly. With this growth and expansion, it becomes an increasing challenge to manage and usefully represent the state and status of each managed component. Another challenge arises in discovering, managing, and updating the many relationships between these managed elements.


Values of measured optical density are corrected by measuring a high and a low density which are known as standard densities to obtain their measured value by an optical densitometer subjected to a calibration; providing data for zero point correction based on the difference between the measured and known optical densities; storing the zero point correction data in a memory; and correcting the measured density of a subject by using the zero point correction data read out from the memory. For providing the zero point correction data, the known standard optical densities are previously set in the densitometer.

The present invention relates to a method of correcting a measured optical density by the use of standard optical density plates.
Two types of optical densitometers are well known: transmitted-light densitometers for detecting transmission densities of measured subjects, and reflected-light densitometers for detecting reflection densities of measured subjects. These densitometers are widely used in image recording such as photography, printing and so on to measure characteristics of image recording materials or images recorded on image recording materials. In scientific measurement fields, a film for measuring pressure is used together with a reflected-light densitometer. This pressure-measuring film changes color or magenta density with pressure change. The film is placed where the pressure is applied so as to be changed in color. Then, the colored film is measured to detect reflection density With reference to a conversion table of density to pressure, the pressure is obtained from the measured optical density.
Conventional optical densitometers comprise a body incorporating various elements such as operation circuits, meters, a power source and the like; and a separate measuring head connected to the body for detecting reflected or transmitted light from a subject to be measured. Such a separate measuring head is provided with a light projecting means for projecting light toward the subject, a light receiving means for receiving light from the subject, and a reference light detecting means for detecting a part of the projected light as a reference light.
Generally, when using a densitometer, it is necessary to perform a zero point correction of the densitometer prior to an actual measurement of a subject for the purpose of avoiding errors caused by extraneous factors such as temperature and conditions of ambient light, and by internal factors such as changes of lamp and light receiving elements due to aging. For the zero point correction, members having known densities are measured to compensate for a difference between a measured density and an actual density.
In practice, a low standard density member is measured by the densitometer to be corrected. According to the measured value, which is referred to as a standard value of low density, the needle of a meter of the densitometer is adjusted to register the standard value of low density. Thereafter, a high standard density member is measured by the densitometer. In the same manner, the meter needle is adjusted to register the standard value of high density The adjustment is repeated several times so as to adjust the meter needle to register the standard values of known low and high densities for zero point correction.
In the conventional zero point correction methods, several needle adjustments are needed to make a zero point correction which is quite a troublesome operation.
The conventional densitometers, because of their separate body and measuring head, are inconvenient to handle and transport. Such a measuring head has a measuring surface attached to a light shielding plate formed with a measuring aperture which is positioned on a subject to be measured Therefore, if the subject is small, it is troublesome to accurately position the measuring aperture of the subject


A new and distinct cultivar of New Guinea Impatiens plant named xe2x80x98Dueimpetlavxe2x80x99, characterized by its upright, rounded and uniform plant habit; freely branching and freely flowering habit; red purple-colored flowers that are positioned above and beyond the leaves; and dark green-colored leaves.

Impatiens hawkeri cultivar Dueimpetlav.
The present Invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of New Guinea Impatiens plant, botanically known as Impatiens hawkeri, and hereinafter referred to by the name xe2x80x98Dueimpetlavxe2x80x99.
The new Impatiens is a product of a planned breeding program conducted by the Inventor in Rheinberg, Germany. The objective of the breeding program is to develop freely branching New Guinea Impatiens cultivars that flower early and have large flowers.
The new Impatiens originated from a cross-pollination made by the Inventor in 1996 of a proprietary selection of Impatiens hawkeri identified as code number 94 152 2, not patented, as the female, or seed parent, with a proprietary selection of Impatiens hawkeri identified as code number 94 98 3, not patented, as the male, or pollen parent. The cultivar Dueimpetlav was discovered and selected by the Inventor as a flowering plant within the progeny of the stated cross-pollination in a controlled environment in Rheinberg, Germany in 1997.
Asexual reproduction of the new cultivar by terminal cuttings taken in Rheinberg, Germany since 1998, has shown that the unique features of this new Impatiens are stable and reproduced true to type in successive generations.
The following traits have been repeatedly observed and are determined to be the unique characteristics of xe2x80x98Dueimpetlavxe2x80x99. These characteristics in combination distinguish xe2x80x98Dueimpetlavxe2x80x99 as a new and distinct Impatiens cultivar:
1. Upright, rounded and uniform plant habit.
2. Freely branching and freely flowering habit.
3. Red purple-colored flowers that are positioned above and beyond the leaves.
4. Dark green-colored leaves.
Plants of the new Impatiens can be compared to plants of the female parent, the selection 94 152 2. In side-by-side comparisons conducted in Rheinberg, Germany, plants of the new Impatiens differed from plants of the selection 94 152 2 in the following characteristics:
1. Plants of the new Impatiens were more compact than plants of the selection 94 152 2.
2. Flower color of plants of the new Impatiens was less intense than flower color of plants of the selection 94 152 2.
Plants of the new Impatiens can be compared to plants of the male parent, the selection 94 98 3. In side-by-side comparisons conducted in Rheinberg, Germany, plants of the new Impatiens differed from plants of the selection 94 98 3 in the following characteristics:
1. Plants of the new Impatiens were more freely flowering than plants of the selection 94 98 3.
2. Flowers of plants of the new Impatiens and the selection 94 98 3 differed in flower color.
Plants of the new Impatiens can also be compared to plants of the cultivar Papara, not patented. In side-by-side comparisons conducted in Rheinberg, Germany, plants of the new Impatiens differed from plants of the cultivar Papara in the following characteristics:
1. Plants of the new Impatiens were larger than plants of the cultivar Papara.
2. Plants of the new Impatiens had shorter internodes than plants of the cultivar Papara.
3. Plants of the new Impatiens were more freely branching than plants of the cultivar Papara.
4. Plants of the new Impatiens had shorter peduncles than plants of the cultivar Papara.


The present disclosure relates to a method for mounting lift components of a lift system in a vertical shaft of a building with the aid of a mounting system which can be moved in the shaft, wherein the lift system has at least one cage which can travel along guide rails in the shaft. In order to develop the method to achieve shorter fitting times and less dependency upon how advanced the construction of the building is, according to the invention a mounting system is positioned in the shaft, having a support platform and a mounting platform, which are disposed one above the other, and having a lifting and pulling device, the support platform and the mounting platform being alternately fixed in position in the shaft and the platform which is not fixed in position at any one time is displaced in the vertical direction by means of the lifting and pulling device relative to the platform fixed in position. In addition, the invention relates to a mounting system for carrying out the method.

Elevator systems have a series of elevator components which are mounted in a vertical shaft of a building. Elevator systems have, for example, guide rails which are fixed to a wall of the shaft and along which at least one car can travel upward and downward in the vertical direction. In most cases, the elevator components are mounted by a plurality of mounting platforms initially being introduced into the shaft in a shaft section and being secured in the shaft. Elevator components, for example guide rails, are then mounted in a working region of the shaft, said working region being accessible from the mounting platforms, by means of the mounting platforms. The mounting platforms are then removed and again introduced into the shaft in a higher shaft section and secured. The elevator components are therefore mounted section by section with ever recurring expenditure on the installation and removal of the mounting platforms. Mounting can be carried out as early as while the building is still under construction. The expenditure on mounting increases as the conveying height increases. Significant set-up times for the mounting platforms are required for buildings with a high conveying height. This is associated with significant mounting costs for the elevator system.
It has also already been proposed to use a mounting basket for mounting elevator components in a shaft. The mounting basket is suspended from a retaining apparatus in the shaft and can be moved up and down by means of a cable drive mechanism in order to mount elevator components in the shaft. So-called "false cars" are also known, it being possible for said false cars to be suspended from a retaining apparatus which is secured in the shaft and to be moved up and down by means of a cable drive mechanism. In contrast to mounting baskets, false cars are guided on guide rails which are already mounted and usually also have a capturing apparatus. Both mounting baskets and false cars require a retaining apparatus for suspension purposes, said retaining apparatus being secured, for example, to a shaft ceiling which is already complete or to temporary supports or supporting points in the shaft. The use of temporary supports or supporting points as fixing points for the retaining apparatus allows mounting of elevator components as early as when the shaft is not yet complete. However, this requires a high degree of dependency on the progress of construction of the shaft and is likewise associated with considerable set-up times and mounting costs.

Method and mounting system for mounting lift components