A golf ball comprising a layer made from a liquid rubber composition is disclosed. A castable liquid polybutadiene is the preferred principal rubber component. The molecular weight of the castable liquid polybutadiene is at least about 1,000 and the castable liquid polybutadiene is in a liquid state at room temperature. The castable liquid rubber layer can be a cover layer, a casing layer, an intermediate layer or a core layer.

Conventional solid golf balls have primarily two functional components, i.e., the core and the cover. The primary purpose of the core is to be the "spring" of the ball or the principal source of resiliency. The primary purpose of the cover is to protect the core. Solid golf balls include two-piece balls and multi-layer balls. Two-piece solid balls are made with a single-solid core, which is usually a cross-linked polybutadiene rubber encased by a hard cover material. The resiliency of the core can be increased by increasing the cross-link density of the core material. As the resiliency increases, however, the compression may also increase making the balls stiffer. Stiffness is a physical attribute defined by load per unit of deflection. In the golf ball art, stiffness is commonly measured using Atti and Rheile "compression" gauges; however, other methods can be used. Multi-layer solid balls generally include multi-layer core constructions or multi-layer cover constructions, and combinations thereof.
Different covers vary in the types of protection they provide, and different cores have different protection requirements. For example, polybutadiene cores in solid balls can be adversely affected by moisture, and their covers should have good moisture barrier properties and should be applied to the cores soon after their formation. On the other hand, if a wound core is exposed to air, the windings may oxidize rapidly and lose their resiliency. As a result, wound balls require covers that protect them from oxidation.
A correlation has been observed between the stiffness of the cover and the resiliency of the ball. Stiff or hard thermoplastic ionomer covers can function as a hoop-stress layer providing both core protection and improved resilience. However, high hoop-stress layer may cause the ball to have a hard feel and to perform less well in greenside play. Ionomers are commercially available as SURLYN® produced by E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co. of Wilmington, Del., among others, and are commonly used as golf ball covers.
Other polymers can also be used as cover materials. U.S. Pat. No. 6,132,324 discloses a method of making a golf ball having polyurethane cover. This patent is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Polyurethanes have been long recognized as useful materials for golf ball covers. Polyurethane compositions are the product of a reaction between a curing agent and a polyurethane prepolymer, which is itself a product formed by a reaction between a polyol and a diisocyanate. The curing agents are typically diamines or glycols. A catalyst is often employed to promote the reaction between the curing agent and the polyurethane prepolymer.
Since 1960, various companies have investigated the usefulness of polyurethane as a golf ball cover material. The first commercially successful polyurethane covered golf balls were the Titleist® Professional®, which was released in 1993, and the Spalding® Executive. Subsequently, the Titleist® Pro-V1® ball was introduced successfully in 2000 with a solid resilient solid polybutadiene core, a hard ionomer casing and a polyurethane cover. The Pro-V1 ball provided both professional and amateur players with long distance off of drivers and better control for greenside play.
A drawback from using polyurethane as the cover layer is that aromatic polyurethane lacks color stability when exposed to ultraviolet light. On the other hand, as discussed above ionomer resins can be too rigid as a cover layer, which can negatively affect greenside play. Compression molded solid polybutadiene had been used in one-piece golf balls, and offered good surface durability. This polybutadiene surface also retained its appearance and durability after long term play. However, one-piece golf balls are unable to achieve the performance characteristics required in high performance balls. Furthermore, the surface finish of compression molded polybutadiene is less aesthetically pleasing as polyurethane or ionomer covers.
For golf ball cores, the most common polymer used is solid polybutadiene, and more specifically, polybutadiene having a high cis-isomer concentration. In one example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,302,808 B1 discloses a ball comprising a core encased by an intermediate layer made from a three-layer composite and a cover. The core and the multi-layer intermediate layer are made from solid polybutadiene and provide improved playing characteristics such as spin and overall driving distance. Liquid polybutadiene has been used as a component in core or cover formulations. U.S. Pat. No. 5,096,201 discloses a golf ball composition, which includes solid rubber and a premix of co-crosslinking agents. The premix contains a liquid polymer, e.g., butadiene rubber, and an unsaturated fatty acid. U.S. Pat. No. 5,215,308 discloses a golf ball formulation that includes a base rubber, a co-crosslinking agent and an organic peroxide. The base rubber includes at least 40% of solid polybutadiene cis-1,4 isomer and a liquid polybutadiene and/or liquid polyisoprene. U.S. published patent application no. 2003/0073517 discloses a cover formulation, which includes an ionomer resin, a urethane material and a rubbery elastomer. The rubbery elastomer includes an elastomer and an optional polar-bearing compound, which can be liquid polybutadiene, among many other polymers.
However, the prior art does not disclose a golf ball having a layer, such as cover or casing layers, made from castable liquid polybutadiene.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Castable liquid rubber compositions for golf balls


A disk apparatus has an equalizing unit which performs PR equalization for the read signal from the disk based on a plurality of tap coefficients, a decoding unit which performs a decoding process for the equalized read signal, a calculating unit which obtains an ideal signal of the decoded read signal, and compares the ideal signal with the decoded read signal, thereby calculating an error signal E, and a control unit which groups the tap coefficients into at least a first and second coefficient groups which are groups of tap coefficients at symmetrical locations each, and determines tap coefficients of the first coefficient group in a range of a first limit value K1 according to the calculated error signal, determines tap coefficients of the second coefficient group in a range of a second limit value and supplies the determined tap coefficients to the equalizing unit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a disk device and a disk reproducing method, and more particularly, to a disk apparatus and a disk reproducing method concerning limitation on coefficient control of a waveform equalizing circuit of a reproducing system.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, an optical disk recording and reproducing apparatus such as a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) has been widely known, and research and development of a variety of schemes have been made and a plenty of products have been commercially available.
In particular, in recent years, in the field of optical recording and reproduction as well, recording with high density has been underway, and the recording density in a linear direction has been significantly increased. Since a laser wavelength is reduced, and a degree of aperture of a lens is increased, deterioration of a reproducing signal quality due to a tangential tilt becomes significant. Therefore, in order to solve these problems, development of a PRML (Partial Response and Maximum Likelihood) signal processing scheme is actively made.
The PRML signal processing system achieves a reproducing system which does not require a high bandwidth component by applying a PR scheme for intentionally adding waveform interference in a reproducing system in which an amplitude of the high bandwidth component deteriorates and a signal to noise ratio increases due to an increase of the recording density in a linear recording direction. In addition, this scheme improves a quality of reproducing data by using a likelihood decoding technique for estimating the most probable sequence by probability calculation considering the waveform interference. In this PRML scheme, a plenty of PR classes are produced from the shape of given waveform interference. In particular, in an optical disk apparatus, there is used a PRML scheme which corresponds to a response such as PR(1, 1), PR(1, 1, 1), PR(1, 1, 1, 1), PR(1, 2, 2, 1), PR(3, 4, 4, 3), or PR(, 2, 2, 2, 1).
In patent document 1 (Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2001-195830), a PRML signal processing scheme in the above-described optical disk apparatus is disclosed in detail.
In the meantime, in the case of utilizing the PRML signal processing scheme, it is necessary to carry out a waveform equalizing process called PR equalization in order to eliminate a waveform distortion of a reproducing waveform and make it close to an equalization characteristic of a target PR class. In general, an adaptive equalizer having a learning function is used for this waveform equalizing process.
In non-patent document 1 (Journal of the Institute of Electronics, Information Communication Engineers, Vol. 81. No. 5, pp. 497 to 505, May, 1998), adaptive equalizers are described in detail. Among them, in particular, an adaptive equalizer using an LMS (Least Mean Squares) algorithm for updating a tap coefficient so as to minimize a square average value of an equalization error is practically used for an optical apparatus as a scheme which can be achieved with a simple configuration.
However, in the above-described prior, it cannot be considered that adequate countermeasure is taken in view of divergence of a tap coefficient and prevention of error convergence in the optical disk apparatus. That is, the divergence of an adaptive leaning or incorrect convergence that the adaptive leaning incorrectly converges at a point which is different from a target equalization characteristic occurs for the reasons stated below.
First, in an optical disk recorded with high density, in response to a channel rate of a reproducing signal, a high bandwidth component in a bandwidth of the reproducing signal is greatly eliminated with an MTF (Mutual Transfer Function) characteristic. Thus, pseudo convergence may occur at a point close to the target PR class characteristic while this high bandwidth portion is forcibly emphasized. In the view of a circuit, since the value of each coefficient cannot be changed infinitely, a limitter is applied to any coefficient anywhere. Then, convergence occurs in a state in which an equalization error is reasonable or divergence occurs, making it impossible to return to an intrinsic characteristic. In actuality, such a state exists in plurality.
Secondly, in the case where a nonlinear factor or a disturbance factor such as a tangential tilt, asymmetry, a phase error, or defect has been temporarily inputted greater than expected, a learning operation advances so as to correct this factor, and a coefficient learns in a direction in which such a factor is eliminated. As a result, there is a danger that pseudo convergence occurs in a characteristic which is not an intrinsic target characteristic, and an original state cannot be returned again. In addition, it is not unusual that the weighting of a tap which should be essentially central is reduced, a characteristic is produced with only another tap, or convergence occurs around another tap.
Thirdly, in the case where the PRML signal processing is composed of a plurality of loops, another loop such as gain control, offset/asymmetry control, or phase control exists at the outside of a loop of an adaptive equalizer. Thus, there is a case where an adaptive leaning operation becomes unstable due to an operating collision.
As has been described above, in an adaptive equalizer, a problem with divergence of leaning or incorrect convergence can occur due to a variety of factors. As an approach for solving such a problem, there is conventionally known a method for limiting a degree of freedom of a tap coefficient. For example, there is used a method for fixing a central tap coefficient to be present to a stable value obtained by experimentally calculating the central tap coefficient, or alternatively, disabling learning of some tap coefficients. Further, there is proposed a method for carrying out leaning while maintaining symmetry of tap coefficients in order to retain a linear phase characteristic.
In patent document 1, there is disclosed an example for preventing divergence while providing a degree of freedom by providing a margin to limitation on updating between symmetrical tap coefficients in the optical disk apparatus.
Further, patent document 2 (U.S. Pat. No. US6,618,740B1) exists.
However, in a prior art of patent document 1, if limitation is thus strictly applied to a leaning operation, a degree of freedom corresponding to a target characteristic is also lost. Therefore, there is a possibility that an equalization error quantity at a convergence point cannot be sufficiently reduced. In addition, as in a prior art of patent document 2, an attempt has been made to increase a degree of freedom while providing a limitation on updating between symmetrical tap coefficients. However, this attempt is not always considered to have a high degree of freedom because limit values between all the tap coefficients are identical to each other. Further, there has been a problem that a sufficient result can be obtained in the case where an attempt has been made to correct a specified amount of a tangential tilt or asymmetry etc. by an adaptive equalizer. In addition, in the case of an optical disk apparatus, there exist a plurality of standards for optical disks with different recording densities. In the case where reproduction is carried out by a single apparatus in accordance with these standards, there has been a problem that the specified amount must be changed according to the characteristics of their respective reproducing disks.

Disk apparatus and method using plural tap coefficient equalization


A polyamide monofilament is characterized in that the abrasion tension thereof when passed through a ceramic guide is 0.3 cN/dtex or less and in that the amount of static electricity generated at the exit of a chromium round bar guide, which is a frictional body, when the polyamide monofilament is passed through the chromium round bar guide, is 300 V or less. This polyamide monofilament and fiber package provide a gauze woven fabric for which tension is low when passing through a thread path guide when warping warp yarn, for which generation of static electricity is suppressed, and which has excellent weaving productivity.

A mesh woven product called "screen mesh" produced by weaving a monofilament has been widely used in the fast-growing field of electronics as a mesh cloth for screen printing in printed circuit boards, and also as a shaped filter used in automobiles and home appliances. Exemplary applications of the mesh woven product produced by weaving a monofilament in the application of screen printing include T shirts and flags, signboards, plates of vending machines, car panels, signs in the interior or exterior, ballpoint pens, various cards, name plates, scratch cards, braille, CDs and DVDs, printed boards, plasma displays, and liquid crystal displays. Exemplary applications in the filter applications include lint filters that prevent reattachment of lint in water to laundry, filters in the air conditioner that remove dust in the room, and shaped filters in vacuum cleaners that remove dust and trash. Exemplary applications in medical field include a filter that removes bubbles and the like in blood infusion kits or artificial dialysis circuits. The mesh woven product also plays an important role in automobile applications including use in fuel flow passages such as fuel pumps and fuel injectors as well as ABS, brakes, transmissions, and power steering, and also, for prevention of foreign substances from entering into electromagnetic valves as well as filtration and cleaning in electronic stability control and VVT and other oil hydraulic circuits that are the latest fuel consumption improving mechanisms.
Of these, in the fields of electronics and automobiles which are in rapid growth, there is a demand for the mesh woven products having a higher performance including clearer printing performance and higher filter performance. Accordingly, mesh woven products having reduced weight and reduced thickness have been developed, and these products are required to have a higher quality. This in turn means that there is a demand for a monofilament having consistent quality with no fineness inconsistency, lumps, tight picks, vertical lines or the like. In view of such a situation, many technologies have been proposed as technologies to improve the quality of monofilaments.
For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2010-222112 proposes controlling the kinetic friction coefficient of the yarn and take up width of the drum in a drum-shaped package form of polyamide monofilament.
International Publication WO 2011/086954 proposes controlling the kinetic friction coefficient of the yarn, taper angle of the package end, gradient of unwinding tension fluctuation, and shrinkage stress in wet heating of the inner layer of the polyester monofilament at 1 mm interior of the package in a package of a wound polyester monofilament.
While the method described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2010-222112 attempts to improve the quality for a defect called "tight pick" associated with the use of the weft, the problem of the quality relating to the defect called "vertical line" associated with the use of the warp has been left unsolved.
We found that vertical lines are caused by the high tension of the yarn upon passage of the yarn guide in the warping that leaves strain in the yarn and large fluctuation of the tension that unstabilizes the stretching of the yarn. Accordingly, we focused on reducing the tension upon passage of the yarn guide and also, on reducing the fluctuation of the tension. To reduce the fluctuation, the silicon-added oil described in International Publication WO 2011/086954 was applied to the polyamide monofilament.
Nonetheless, while the method described in International Publication WO 2011/086954 reduces the tension upon passage of the yarn guide in the warping, static electricity was generated between the moving yarn and the yarn guide resulting in the yarn adhesion and the like and stable warping became difficult. Under such a situation, decreases in the warping speed were required to suppress the static electricity generation, and this invited loss of weaving productivity. Accordingly, further improvement has been necessary.
It could therefore be helpful to provide a polyamide monofilament that exhibits low tension and reduces static electricity generation when the yarn is passed through a yarn guide in the warping to thereby enable production of a mesh woven product with excellent quality as well as high weaving productivity. It could also be helpful to provide its fiber package.

Polyamide monofilament and fiber package thereof


A zoom lens includes: a first lens group having a positive refractive power which is fixed while changing magnification; a second lens group constituted by two or more magnification changing groups; an aperture stop; and a third lens group having a positive refractive power which is fixed while changing magnification, provided in this order from an object side. The magnification changing groups respectively move along an optical axis while changing magnification from a wide angle end to a telephoto end. The zoom lens satisfies the following conditional formula:u′/u<0.5  (1)                wherein u is the angle of inclination of a paraxial chief ray of light that enters the lens surface most toward the object side within the first lens group, and u′ is the angle of inclination of the paraxial chief ray of light that exits the lens surface most toward an image side within the first lens group.

There are often cases in which a zoom lens is mounted in electronic cameras such as a digital camera, a video camera, a broadcast camera, a cinematic camera, and a surveillance camera. Zoom lenses having extremely wide angles of view are desired, particularly for electronic cameras such as broadcast cameras and cinematic cameras. For this reason, zoom lenses constituted by four lens groups including first through fourth lens groups that correct various aberrations and are designed to have wider angles of view have been proposed (refer to Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication Nos. 6(1994)-242378 and 10(1998)-062686).


An electrophoretic display apparatus includes a substrate, a color filter layer, an electrophoretic display film, a common electrode layer, multiple electrode patterns and multiple spacers. The color filter layer is disposed on the substrate and at least includes multiple first color filter patterns and second color filter patterns. The electrophoretic display film is disposed between the substrate and the color filter layer and includes a flexible substrate and multiple display media. The first and second color filter patterns are respectively corresponding to the display media. The electrode patterns at least include multiple first electrode patterns and second electrode patterns. The first electrode patterns receive a first voltage and are disposed respectively correspondingly to the first color filter patterns, while the second electrode patterns receive a second voltage and are disposed respectively correspondingly to the second color filter patterns. The spacers are disposed between the display media and the substrate.

Field of the Invention
The invention generally relates to a display apparatus and a driving method thereof, and more particularly, to an electrophoretic display apparatus and a driving method thereof.
Description of Related Art
In the prior art, an electrophoretic display apparatus with touch control function includes a driving array substrate (such as an active device array substrate), an electrophoretic display film adhered onto the driving array substrate and a touch device layer embedded in the electrophoretic display film. The electrophoretic display film has a display medium therein and a plurality of display particles distributed in the display medium. Taking a black-white electrophoretic display apparatus as an example, the display medium is mainly composed of a black electrophoretic liquid and multiple white charged particles blended in the black electrophoretic liquid, where voltages are applied through a driving array substrate to make the white charged particles move so that all the pixels respectively display black color, white color or grayscales. In the prior art, in order to expand the application of the electrophoretic display apparatus, a color filter film is employed and disposed on the electrophoretic display film. At the time, the colorful display effect of the electrophoretic display apparatus is the result that ambient light passes through the color filter film, the white charged particles in the electrophoretic liquid reflect the ambient light and the reflective light penetrate the color filter film so as to present the colorful effect. With such a scheme however, the electrophoretic display apparatus needs a driving array substrate and a touch device layer for the purpose of feedback to produce the touch control function, but the fabrication cost of the driving array substrate is higher so that the fabrication cost of the conventional electrophoretic display apparatus is hard to be reduced.

Electrophoretic display apparatus having colorful handwriting function and driving method thereof


In a control device 50A, an actual compression ratio calculation unit 502 calculates an actual compression ratio ε from an air supply pressure Ps, a cylinder pressure before ignition Pc and an air supply temperature Ts. A deposit deposition estimation unit 504 determines the deposit deposition state of a combustion chamber 18 from a deviation Δε between the actual compression ratio ε and a design compression ratio ε′. When the deviation Δε exceeds a threshold value, ignition timing or air-fuel ratio being operation conditions of an internal combustion engine is corrected based on a correction map 508 so as to suppress deterioration of exhaust gas.

In an internal combustion engine, generally, deposit such as the carbon deposit being residue of fuel or lubricant oil is accumulated inside the combustion chamber with the prolonged operation. For instance, the deposit is accumulated on the piston surface, the fuel injection valve, and the like. As a result, the compression ratio increases, causing NOX, CO, HC, etc in the exhaust gas to show an increasing trend. FIG. 12 is a diagram of a relation between deposition of the deposit inside the combustion chamber (travel distance) and NOX in the exhaust gas in an internal combustion engine provided for an automobile. As shown in FIG. 12, the amount of NOX increases with the deposit deposition, and NOX in the exhaust gas decreases by cleaning inside the cylinder and removing the deposit. The same trend can be observed for CO and HC in the exhaust gas.
Conventionally, a variety of methods have been employed for combustion control of the internal combustion engine and monitoring of the combustion state. For instance, as disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, there are combustion control methods of monitoring the cylinder internal pressure of the internal combustion engine. These methods merely detect the combustion state based on the pressure waveform inside the cylinder and correct the fuel supply amount, the fuel supply timing, and the injection timing based on the detected result. Thus, the existence of the deposit is not detected. Therefore, even if some abnormality has occurred for a certain cylinder and the deposit is markedly increased, such abnormality cannot be detected promptly, which may lead to troubles such as damage to the internal combustion engine.
Further, in the case where tuning is performed upon installation for operation of the internal combustion engine, the exhaust gas property needs to be set with a margin in anticipation of the change due to aging, because the deposit deposition state can be detected only by opening the engine (or checking with a fiberscope while the engine is stopped). Accordingly, it is not always possible to provide an operation setting with high efficiency.
Further, conventionally, maintenance for removing the deposit is automatically set to be performed at a certain interval of the operation period. Thus, unnecessary maintenance is performed for an internal combustion engine with the operation conditions that produce a small amount of deposit even for the engine of the same type, causing extra maintenance cost. In contrast, for an engine with the operation conditions that produce a large amount of deposit (such as an engine often performing low-load operation), there is a possibility that the timing for removing the deposit is delayed and the exhaust gas exceeds the regulation value.
On the other hand, Patent Document 3 discloses a means to determine whether there is any deposit accumulated inside the cylinder. In the presence of deposit, the fuel is absorbed by the deposit. Thus, this determination means focuses on the increased number of injection by the injectors compared to the normal state being required before a rich signal is outputted by the oxygen level sensor provided for the air discharge pipe. That is, the injector of a certain cylinder is stopped for a certain period of time and then restarted, and then existence of deposit is determined based on the number of injection performed by the injector before a rich signal is outputted from the oxygen level sensor therein.
Further, patent Document 4 discloses a means for estimating the deposit deposition amount accumulated mainly on the fuel injection valve and the like. This estimation means estimates the deposit deposition amount from a correlation map between the deposit deposition amount and the operation state amount (such as net mean effective pressure and rotation speed) obtained in advance by experiment and the like.

Combustion control device and control method for internal combustion engine


A method of forming a capacitor on a substrate includes forming a first polysilicon layer overlying the substrate to define a floating gate. A second polysilicon overlying the first polysilicon layer is formed to define a control gate and a first electrode of the capacitor. A dielectric layer is formed over the second polysilicon layer. A third polysilicon layer is formed over the dielectric layer. The third polysilicon layer is etched to define a second electrode of the capacitor. Thereafter the dielectric layer is etched.

The present invention relates to a method of fabricating an integrated circuit, and more particularly, to a method of fabricating capacitors for analog flash memory devices.
Industry has used or proposed a variety of memory devices. An example of such a memory device is an erasable programmable read-only memory (xe2x80x9cEPROMxe2x80x9d) device. The EPROM device is both readable, writable, and erasable, i.e., programmable. The EPROM is implemented using a floating gate field effect transistor, which has certain binary states. That is, a binary state is represented by the presence or absence of charge on the floating gate. The charge is generally sufficient to prevent conduction even when a normal high signal is applied to the gate of the EPROM transistor.
A wide variety of EPROMs is available. In a traditional form, EPROMs are programmed electrically and erased by exposure to ultraviolet light. These EPROMs are commonly referred to as ultraviolet erasable programmable read-only memories (xe2x80x9cUVEPROMxe2x80x9ds). UVEPROMs can be programmed by running a high current between a drain and a source of the UVEPROM transistor while applying a positive potential to the gate. The positive potential on the gate attracts energetic (i.e., hot) electrons from the drain-to-source current, where the electrons jump or inject into the floating gate and become trapped on the floating gate.
Another form of EPROM is the electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (xe2x80x9cEEPROMxe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cE2PROMxe2x80x9d). EEPROMs are often programmed and erased electrically by way of a phenomenon known as Fowler-Nordheim tunneling. Still another form of EPROM is a xe2x80x9cFlash EPROM,xe2x80x9d which is programmed using hot electrons and erased using the Fowler-Nordheim tunneling phenomenon. Flash EPROMs can be erased in a xe2x80x9cflashxe2x80x9d or bulk mode in which all cells in an array or a portion of an array can be erased simultaneously using Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, and are commonly called xe2x80x9cFlash cellsxe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cFlash devices.xe2x80x9d
The flash memory devices generally include two polysilicon layers: a first polysilicon layer which defines a floating gate, and a second polysilicon layer which defines a control gate. The first polysilicon is lightly doped, and the second polysilicon is heavily doped. These polysilicon layers are appropriate for use as the electrodes of charge-storage capacitors since the lightly doped first polysilicon layer provides stable capacitance.
However, the lightly doped polysilicon layer is not suitable as an electrode of an analog capacitor because of its insufficient linearity. Analog circuits require linear analog capacitors for precision circuits such as switched capacitor filters, op-amps, and comparators. Such linear analog capacitors, therefore, require polysilicon layers which are highly doped as their electrodes. In addition, highly doped polysilicon layers are necessary to avoid the possible degradation of capacitor voltage coefficient due to the parasitic depletion of capacitance inside the polysilicon films. The voltage coefficient of the analog capacitors must be very low (on the order of 30 PPM/Volt) to reduce signal distortion to acceptable levels.
For these and other reasons, there is a need for an improved method of fabricating capacitors in an analog flash memory.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method of forming a capacitor on a substrate includes forming a first polysilicon layer overlying the substrate to define a floating gate. A second polysilicon overlying the first polysilicon layer is formed to define a control gate and a first electrode of the capacitor. A dielectric layer is formed over the second polysilicon layer. A third polysilicon layer is formed over the dielectric layer. The third polysilicon layer is etched to define a second electrode of the capacitor. Thereafter the dielectric layer is etched.

Capacitor fabrication process for analog flash memory devices


An adjustable shelving unit that may be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the width or depth of the unit and may be adjusted to be in either a horizontal orientation or a forward sloping orientation. The adjustable shelving unit may include a central shelf unit and at least one extension shelf unit. The extension shelf unit may be oriented in a sliding manner with respect to the central shelf unit to permit the adjustment of the width or depth of the shelf by extending or retracting the extension shelf unit with respect to the central shelf unit. Attachment members extending from the central shelf unit allow the shelf to be mounted in either a horizontal or a forward sloping orientation.

Retailers may desire to use shelving units adaptable into a variety of configurations for displaying product.
The floor plans of convenience stores and other retail establishments may vary widely from location to location. Consequently, the space available for a particular product display will also vary widely. In such circumstances, it may be desirable to provide a product display or other type of shelving system that can be adapted quickly, easily, and/or inexpensively to fit the available space. Shelving systems including shelves with adjustable widths and/or depths may be used as product displays that are quickly, easily, and/or inexpensively tailored to fit the unique location where they will be used.
Adjustable shelving systems may also be useful when it becomes necessary to rearrange shelving in a particular location in response to changing needs, desires, or available space. For instance, convenience store operators may wish to rearrange product displays from time to time. Such rearrangement may be needed or desired in response to changing inventory, the installation of new equipment, rollout of a new product, or other changes affecting the amount of space available for a particular display. By using an adjustable shelving system, store operators may simply adjust the width and/or depth of the adjustable shelves to maximize the shelving area available for displaying product while avoiding the extra time and expense required to reconfigure a non-adjustable system, add additional product to the display, or purchase or obtain a new product display.
Previous adjustable shelves, such as the ones disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,332,548 and 6,142,321 both to West and both entitled 'Adjustable Shelving Apparatus,' may be formed from two halves, slidably joined together by a number of interlocking channel and groove structures. The channel and groove structures permit the shelf halves to slide relative to one another such that the widths of the shelves may be increased or decreased as desired. These previous shelf structures are limited in several ways, however, because the shelf structures cannot be adjusted without also modifying or reconfiguring accompanying structure supporting the shelf structures. Because both halves of the shelves move during adjustment, adjustment of the shelves may not be accomplished without disconnecting the shelves from the accompanying support structure or modifying the shelf or the support structure. Moreover, because both halves of the shelves slide relative to each other, adjustment of the shelves may not be done without disturbing product displayed on the shelf. Also problematically, previous adjustable shelves do not provide structures for the placement of advertisements, pricing information, product identifiers or other information on the shelf that does not have to be removed or repositioned during or after adjustment of the shelf width.
Cantilevered display shelves are also a popular and convenient way to display merchandise in a retail store environment. Typically, a vertical set of supports allows the shelves to be selectively positioned in a variety of heights and spacings.
Retailers may prefer to display different types of products in different orientations. Some products, for example, appear more enticing and are better displayed on a forward sloping shelf so that a perspective view of the product is available to the customer. Other products may preferably be displayed on a flat horizontal shelf due to varying marketing strategies or logistical requirements, for example due to product packaging configuration. Therefore, having an adjustable shelf would allow a retailer to accommodate both display styles with a single shelving unit. An adjustable shelf unit would also permit retailers to use the shelf unit in different configurations at different times to best suit the product being displayed.
Many existing adjustable display shelves involve complex or intricate structures to allow the adjustment of the display shelf, including numerous parts. Such designs make the adjustable shelves more difficult to produce and use. For example, special tooling may be required to manufacture the adjustable shelf, and if the manufacturer desires to change the slope angle of the shelf, the tooling may need to be readjusted. These tooling and design considerations add to the expense of such adjustable shelving units.
Existing adjustable shelf units may be difficult to use. A retailer desiring to switch a display shelf from a horizontal position to a forward sloping position may have to make laborious adjustments in order to do so. This causes increased labor costs for the retailer who must allot employee hours to make the appropriate adjustments. Alternatively, the retailer may simply forego the advantage the adjustable shelf attempts to provide in order to avoid making the adjustments.


The present teaching relates to vital sign detection and monitoring based on channel state information (CSI). In one example, an apparatus for vital sign detection is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a receiver, a processor and a memory communicatively coupled with the processor. The receiver is configured for receiving at least one wireless signal from a multipath channel that can be impacted by a vital sign of at least one living being. The processor is configured for: extracting a time series of channel state information (CSI) for the multipath channel from the at least one wireless signal, obtaining one or more periodic fluctuations based on a spectral analysis of the time series of CSI, and determining whether the vital sign is present based on the one or more periodic fluctuations.

Vital signs are important indicators of a person's health and wellbeing as well as predictors of acute medical conditions and chronic disease states for a person. Breathing rate is one of the most important vital signs, which can be measured by the number of exhalation and inhalation a person takes per minute. In addition, the breathing pattern may highly correlate to psychological conditions of a human being, such as stress and anxiety.
Most traditional approaches for breathing monitoring are invasive in that they need physical contact of the human bodies. For instance, in hospitals, the patients are required to wear oxygen masks, Nasal cannulas, chest straps, or wearable sensors such as thermistors and pressure sensors. Another example is Polysomnography (PSG) used in sleep medicine, which typically requires a minimum of 22 wire attachments to the patient. These dedicated devices are often costly and bulky, create discomfort to the human bodies, and are limited only to clinical settings.
Currently existing non-invasive (contact-free) breathing monitoring solutions can be categorized as below.
(1) Radar-based breathing monitoring: Doppler radars are often used in breathing monitoring. They are operated by transmitting a signal and receiving a signal with a Doppler shift due to a periodic motion of objects. The breathing rates can be extracted from the Doppler shift. As a drawback, these systems use high transmission power, rely on sophisticated and expensive hardware, and use extremely large bandwidths. A vital sign monitoring system was disclosed utilizing frequency modulated continuous radar (FMCW). It used Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) as the RF front-end to transmit a frequency-sweeping signal. But the additional cost and complexity of the dedicated hardware limited a large-scale deployment of FMCW radar.
(2) Wireless-sensor based breathing monitoring: The received signal strength (RSS) measurements from 802.15.4 compliant sensors on multiple 802.15.4 channels were also used for breathing detection and breathing rate estimation. Dense deployment of wireless sensors is required in these methods as additional wireless infrastructures. In addition, the specific design of frequency-hopping mechanism is required to support multiple channel measurements.
(3) Wi-Fi-based breathing monitoring: RSS is commonly used in the Wi-Fi-based breathing monitoring due to its availability on most commercial Wi-Fi network interface controllers (NICs). Measurements were also used with Wi-Fi devices for breathing estimation. Yet, this method is accurate only when the users hold the Wi-Fi-enabled devices in close proximity to their chests.
In addition to the drawbacks mentioned above, methods (1) and (2) require design and manufacturing of special devices such as specialized radar devices or sensor network nodes; while method (3) has very low accuracy and sensitivity.
Therefore, there is a need for methods and apparatus for vital sign detection and monitoring to solve the above-mentioned problems and to avoid the above-mentioned drawbacks.

Methods, apparatus, servers, and systems for vital signs detection and monitoring


A method and system for vessel enhancement and artifact reduction in a 3D time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography brain image. An intensity-based threshold is used to extract structures of interest in the brain image. Vessels are isolated in the structures of interest by filtering the structures based on a vesselness measure. The vessels are then enhanced by multiplying the filtered image by a coefficient map based on intensities of the original brain image. The scalp is detected in the enhanced image, and the scalp is removed from the enhanced image to generate a noise-reduce enhanced image.

The present invention relates to three-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography, and more particularly, to vessel enhancement and artifact reduction in 3D TOF MR angiography of the brain.
Three dimensional (3D) time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography is a well-known technique for imaging vessels that has been adopted for routine assessment of stenosis and occlusions of intracranial blood vessels. 3D TOF MR angiography images blood vessels based on the phenomenon of flow-related enhancement of spins entering into an imaging slice. As a result of being unsaturated, these spins give more signal than surrounding stationary spins, thus enhancing blood vessels based on the blood flow in the vessels. With 3D TOF, a volume of images is obtained by simultaneously phase-encoding in the slice-select direction. An angiography appearance for visualizing vessels can be generated using maximum-intensity projection (MIP), as is typically done with 2D TOF. Multiple 3D TOF volumes can be combined in order to visualize longer segments of vessels.
Although 3D TOF MR angiography can allow a greater resolution in the slice-select direction than 2D TOF, loss of signal may be seen with the 3D TOF method in thick volumes with slow flowing blood. Accordingly, a method for providing increased vessel enhancement in 3D TOF MR images is desirable.

Method and system for vessel enhancement and artifact reduction in TOF MR angiography of brain


Disclosed is a system for reducing the demand of wastewater volume flowing through a wastewater collection piping system and thereby increasing the effective capacity of the system. A portion of the wastewater is diverted from a sewer main. The solids are separated from the liquid, for example, by a vortex separator. The recovered liquid can be treated and made available for local reuse. The concentrated solids are reintroduced into the main sewage line in a portion that adjusts the wastewater loading in the sewer main to a predetermined amount or predetermined range. Also disclosed is a system capable of reintroducing the concentrated solids into the sewer main in a portion that adjusts the solids loading in the sewer main to a predetermined amount or predetermined range.

Wastewater occurs whenever a foreign substance is added to water that is not considered to add positive value to the water. The water is the carrier for these undesirable components, such as silt, dirt, ionic species, chemicals and sanitary fecal material. The water can be re-purified, removing the contaminants by mechanical, chemical or biological means.
Sanitary wastewater as it enters a biological treatment plant contains 1.5%-2.0% of suspended solids that are mostly consumed by bacteria in the reaction vessel. The remaining solids, or sludge is carried off and disposed of. The wastewater suspended solids are often referred to as the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). This number is roughly 250-mg/liter for raw sanitary wastewater. A four member household can typically produce 550-750 liters per day of sanitary wastewater. In addition to the suspended solids (BOD), 125-150 mg/liter of total dissolved solids (TDS) are added. As an illustrative example, if water were to enter a household with 300 mg/liter of TDS, the same water will leave the household at 425-450 mg/liter TDS. Therefore, the water leaving the home is "carrying off" human waste, soap and other materials from the shower, laundry, kitchen, and other drainage pipes carrying household wastewater.
The wastewater from residential homes and other dwellings as well as restaurants, hotels, schools, and other commercial buildings finds its way to a wastewater or sewage treatment plant via forced (pumped) or gravity piping systems. This wastewater collection piping system is often referred to as a sewer main.
The wastewater treatment plant can be configured in numerous ways with strainers, settling basins, biological reactors and filters. The primary goal is to reduce the BOD to less than <5 in the treated wastewater. The water is then further treated and often used for irrigation, or returned to deep wells, rivers or other bodies of water.
Municipal wastewater treatment plants at the time of their construction are often designed for projected future urban growth. Years after their construction, they are often expanded, as required, to satisfy actual urban growth demand. Similarly, wastewater collection piping systems are designed to handle a given quantity of wastewater based on projected demand. For the purpose of this disclosure, the term "wastewater loading" is defined as a quantity of wastewater flowing through a sewer main per unit time. Also for the purpose of this disclosure, the term "solids loading" is defined as a quantity of solids (i.e. matter with specific gravity greater than one) contained in the wastewater in a sewer main.
In growing cities and suburbs, many of the wastewater collection piping systems are overloaded or will be overloaded in the future with not enough capacity to handle the demand for wastewater flow. Those skilled in the art have devised several ways to remedy this situation. One solution is to lay parallel pipes or replace the current pipes with larger pipes to accommodate the additional wastewater loading. Another solution is to build additional waste treatment facilities to handle the additional loading. Both solutions can be expensive to implement. In addition, replacing or adding new pipe can be disruptive to a large portion of the neighborhoods and roads where the new pipes are being laid.
For the forgoing reasons, there is a need for a method, system or apparatus that can adjust the wastewater loading in a wastewater collection system in order to increase the system capacity.


Certain features relate to improving the link-fault tolerance in a distributed antenna system (DAS) by utilizing a series of synchronous Ethernet frames. A receiving remote unit or a head-end unit in the DAS can predict the start of incoming Ethernet frames based on frame information extracted from previously received Ethernet frames. For example, a remote unit can be configured to receive one or more Ethernet frames, each of the one or more Ethernet frames including a start-of-frame field. After a period of time corresponding to the frame repetition rate, the remote unit can search for an additional start-of-frame field, indicating the receipt of the next Ethernet frame. The remote unit can extract the payload data from the next Ethernet frame based on the predicted value for the additional start-of-frame field.

A telecommunications system, such as a distributed antenna system (DAS), can include one or more head-end units and multiple remote units coupled to each head-end unit. A DAS can be used to extend wireless coverage in an area. Head-end units can be coupled to one or more base transceiver stations that can each manage wireless communications for different cell sites. A head-end unit can receive downlink signals from the base transceiver station and distribute downlink signals in analog or digital form to one or more remote units. The remote units can transmit the downlink signals to user equipment devices within coverage areas serviced by the remote units. In the uplink direction, signals from user equipment devices may be received by the remote units. The remote units can transmit the uplink signals received from user equipment devices to the head-end unit. The head-end unit can transmit uplink signals to the serving base transceiver stations.
A head-end unit and a remote unit of a DAS can communicate using a digital link by an Ethernet link. In some environments, the link performance of an Ethernet link can be degraded due to a number of external factors. For example, in 10 GBASE-T Ethernet, external RF signals can induce errors in the Ethernet frames being transmitted between a head-end unit and a remote unit. The errors induced on the links can cause the Ethernet frame to contain errors. Errors in the received Ethernet frames can cause disruption in the transport channel and delays in data transmission.

Link-fault tolerance in a distributed antenna system


A vibration motor is provided in the present disclosure. The vibration motor includes a housing providing an accommodating space, a magnet assembly accommodated within the accommodating space, and a coil assembly for driving the magnet assembly. The magnet assembly includes a first magnet module and a second magnet opposite to each other, the coil assembly includes a coil and a coil support for supporting the coil. The coil support includes a support body and a plurality of supporting legs. The supporting legs extend from the support body and are fixed to the housing. The coil is supported by the support body between the first magnet module and the second magnet module.

With development of mobile electronic technology, mobile devices, such as mobile phones, handheld game players, navigation devices, handheld multimedia entertainment apparatuses, or the like, become more and more popular. Generally, the mobile devices use vibration motors to provide system feedback, such as incoming call or message prompting in a mobile phone, or vibration feedback in a potable game player.
In a related vibration motor, a magnet is provided at one side of a coil, and a magnet circuit is provided at the other side of the coil. With this configuration, however, a magnetic field generated by the coil in the vibration motor is incapable of provide sufficient driving force to drive the vibration motor to perform necessary vibration.
Accordingly, it is necessary to provide a new vibration motor to overcome the aforesaid drawbacks.


An optical device may include an optical subassembly and a digital signal processor (DSP). The optical device may include a radio frequency (RF) interconnect that electrically connects the optical subassembly and the DSP. The optical device may include a passive RF filter on one or more transmission lines of the RF interconnect.

Formats used for data transmission may vary among telecommunication systems, or even within a particular telecommunication system. Such formats include, for example, dual polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK), 8 quadrature amplitude modulation (8QAM), or 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM), or the like. Each format has a specific algorithm of modulation, and may be implemented with a different clock rate, a different sampling rate, and/or a different optical channel spacing. Many formats utilize phase-amplitude modulation with coherent detection. Both modulation and demodulation are performed digitally using, for example, an ultra-fast specialized digital signal processor (DSP). There is a demand to increase baud rate and optical channel spacing density in order to increase overall network bandwidth. Ideally, a given transmitter-receiver optical subassembly (TROSA) would be used for each possible network configuration. However, designing such a TROSA is impractical and, therefore, broad bandwidth TROSAs typically need to be accommodated in different networks and used for different formats.

Integration of passive microwave stop-band filter into a radio frequency (RF) interconnect printed circuit board for opto-electronic module RF bandwidth control


Disclosed are an image capturing system and method. In the image capturing system and method, a light path is changed by controlling a reflection angle of a mirror surface using a rotating mirror so that a single camera obtains consecutive images at various angles or at a wide photographing width.

Generally, cameras for obtaining images include lenses and image sensors. Line scan cameras or area scan cameras are used to photograph moving objects. For example, in order to photograph an object moving thorough a mobile table such as a conveyor belt, light is applied to the object and then a line scan camera or an area scan camera detects the light reflected by the object to obtain image data.
Image obtaining technology using a line scan camera or an area scan camera may be applied to automation such as logistics, factory automation (FA), inspection processes, or the like according to the purpose of use, and the technology may have various applications such as inspection of a position, size, and shape of an object, reading of recognition marks or characters, defect inspection, and the like.
However, when a range to be photographed by a camera should be wide or an angle of the camera should vary, it is necessary to install multiple cameras. A camera body, a lens, and a mount are required in order to install one camera. A back-end image server is required in order to recognize an object or perform a post-processing. In the case of a camera with a frame rate that is a higher than necessary, when the camera is used for a place where frames do not overlap using remaining frames, economic efficiency may be increased.

Image capturing system with wide field of view using rotation mirror


The present invention relates to the establishment of a cultivation condition that is suitable for the large-scale production of pharmacologically active filtrates from a culture of A. camphorata, in particular, by optimizing the agitation rate and/or pH value during the cultivation. The present invention also relates to a process for obtaining pharmacologically active compositions from a culture of A. camphorata through a series of fractionation. This invention is further directed to the uses of the above compositions in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions.

The present invention relates to the establishment of a cultivation condition that is suitable for the large-scale production of pharmacologically active filtrates from a culture of A. camphorata, in particular, by optimizing the agitation rate and/or pH value during the cultivation. The present invention also relates to a process for obtaining pharmacologically active compositions from a culture of A. camphorata through a series of fractionation. This invention is further directed to the uses of the above compositions in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions.
A. camphorata [(Zang and Su) S.-H. Wu, Ryvarden and T. T. Chang], also known as xe2x80x9cniu-chang-chihxe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cniu-chang-kuxe2x80x9d in Taiwan, was recently reported as a new fungus species characterized by the cylindrical shape of its basidiospores appearing in fruit bodies, weakly amyloid skeletal hypha, bitter taste and light cinnamon resupinate to pileate basidiocarps, as well as chlamydospores and arthrocnidia in pure culture. The detail characterization and taxonomic position of A. camphorata were described in Chang, T. T. et al., A. cinnamomea sp. nov. on Cinnamomum kanehirai in Taiwan, Mycol. Res. 99(6): 756-758 (1995) and Wu, S. -H., et al., A. cinnamomea (xe2x80x9cniu-chang-chihxe2x80x9d), New combination of a medicinal fungus in Taiwan, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 38: 273-275 (1997), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
In Taiwan folk medicine, A. camphorata is believed to have certain medical effects on conditions caused by poisoning, diarrhea, abdominal pain, hypertension, skin itches and liver cancer. However, because of the stringent host specificity and rarity in nature, as well as the failure of artificial cultivation, xe2x80x9cniu-chang-chinxe2x80x9d is very expensive in local market. Undoubtedly, there exists a great industrial value in developing a cost-effective process for artificial cultivation of this fungus on a large scale.
Recently, the inventors have found that A. camphorata, when subjected to submerged fermentation, exhibits desired pharmacological activity, in particular an anti-tumor activity. As disclosed in U.S. Ser No. 09/566,834, A. camphorata were successfully cultivated on a small scale in a natural medium, namely potato dextrose broth (PDB), and a synthetic medium containing fructose as the major carbon source. The resultant cultures expressed a color appearance of deep dark red with a redness index axe2x89xa73 as measured using Hunter""s coordinate system, which has been shown to coincide with a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of certain tumor cell lines. More importantly, the active substances functioning to the tumor cells, though not identified, were found secreted from the fungal mycelium into the liquid phase of the culture, so that a pharmacologically active composition can be easily harvested from the culture for industrial use.
Accordingly, it would be desirable if such an advantageous process is optimized for large-scale production of the fungal culture. More preferably, the crude filtrate is further fractionated over a desired pharmacological activity so as to obtain useful compositions enriched with the desired activity.
An extensive investigation has been conducted to fulfill the industrial requirements as indicated above. It has now been unexpectedly found that an optimal condition for the industrial-scale cultivation of A. camphorata can be accomplished by carefully setting certain parameters within particular ranges. In this invention, pH value and agitation speed are found to be critical during cultivation.
Accordingly, the first aspect of the present invention is to provide a process for producing an Antrodia camphorata culture having pharmacological activity, comprising:
(a) inoculating a mycelial inocutum of an isolate of Antrodia camphorata into a medium suitable for growth of said isolate to result in a first culture;
(b) subjecting the first culture cultivated from step (a) to a first stage of agitation which is set at a first predetermined rate and for a first period of time to allow further growth of the inoculated isolate, so as to obtain a second culture proliferation with mycelium; and
(c) subjecting the second culture obtained from step (b) to a second stage of agitation which is set at a second predetermined rate different from the first predetermined rate, so as to subject the isolate under physiological stress.
According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is to provide a process for producing an Antrodia camphorata culture having pharmacological activity, comprising:
(a) inoculating a mycelial inoculum of an isolate of Antrodia camphorata into a medium suitable for growth of said isolate; and
(b) cultivating the culture resulting from step (a) by adjusting the pH value of the culture to a range from 4.5 to 5.4 throughout step (b).
Preferably, the pH value of the A. camphorata culture is adjusted within a range of 4.6 to 5.3, and more preferably 4.7 to 5.2, throughout the step (b).
The present invention also provides a process for obtaining a series of liquid fractions, which are separated from a culture of A. camphorata over a desired pharmacological activity, such as an anti-tumor activity. Therefore, the third aspect of the present invention is to provide a process for obtaining a pharmacologically active composition from a culture of A. camphorata, comprising:
(a) inoculating a mycelial inoculum of an isolate of A. camphorata into a medium suitable for growth of said isolate;
(b) cultivating the culture resulting from step (a);
(c) removing a major portion of insoluble substances from the culture, whereby a pharmacologically active solution is harvested; and
(d) processing the solution from step (c) so as to obtain a pharmacologically active composition containing fungal molecules having a molecular weight of no more than about 10 kDa.
Preferably, the obtained composition contains fungal molecules having a molecular weight of no more than about 3 kDa, more preferably of no more than about 1 kDa.
The fourth aspect of the present invention is to provide a process for obtaining a pharmacologically active composition from a culture of A. camphorata, comprising:
(a) inoculating a mycelial inoculum of an isolate of A. camphorata into a medium suitable for growth of said isolate;
(b) cultivating the culture resulting from step (a);
(c) removing a major portion of insoluble substances from the culture, whereby an aqueous solution is harvested;
(d) processing the aqueous solution from step (c) so as to obtain a fraction containing fungal molecules having molecular weights of no more than about 1 kDa: and
(e) passing the fraction from step (d) through a water-immiscible phase from which the pharmacologically active composition is obtained.
The water-immiscible phase in the above step (e) is preferably a stationary phase containing an effective amount of an absorbent capable of selectively adsorbing hydrophobic fungal molecules. The stationary phase is eluted so that the pharmacologically active fraction is obtained.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the eluate from step (e) is further subjected to reverse-phase partition chromatography, such as on a Lichrosorb(copyright) RP-18 column (Merck), to obtain a number of fractions with pharmacological activity.
The present invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of cancer or tumor diseases, which contains a product obtained from any one of the processes according to the present invention.
The present invention further provides a method for the treatment of cancer or tumor diseases in patients in need of such treatment by prescribing the patients with a composition containing a product obtained from any one of the processes according to the present invention.

Process for producing a culture of Antrodia camphorata and product obtained thereby


A switching regulator which does not require a capacitor having large time constant as a soft start circuit, reduces variation of the soft start time and the time until a start of a power source voltage stabilizing control

In a portable audio device, a personal computer, a PHS, a portable telephone set or a portable electronic device, a power source circuit of a DC/DC converter constructed with a switching regulator for efficiently converting a power source voltage is utilized.
FIG. 4 is a block circuit diagram of an example of the switching regulator of the DC/DC converter of such kind.
A reference numeral 10 depicts a switching regulator circuit, 11 an error amplifier (Err), 12 a reference voltage generator circuit, 13 a PWM pulse generator circuit and 14 a driver. A reference numeral 15 depicts a switching circuit constructed with a series circuit of a P channel MOSFET Q and a Schottky diode D. The series circuit is provided between a power source line +Vcc (voltage of an input side DC power source) and ground GND.
A reference numeral 16 depicts an output terminal of the switching regulator circuit 10. A power capacitor Co is provided between the output terminal 16 and ground GND. An inductor L is provided between a connecting point between the transistor Q and the Schottky diode D and the output terminal 16. The inductor L is about 10 μH and the capacitor Co is about 150 μF. Further, a resistive voltage divider circuit 17 for detecting output voltage is provided between the output terminal 16 and ground GND. A voltage Vs detected by the resistive voltage divider circuit 17 is fed back to the error amplifier 11. The detection voltage Vs is compared in the error amplifier 11 with a comparative reference voltage Vref of the reference voltage generator circuit 12. An error voltage Eo (error detection signal) is generated in the error amplifier 11 correspondingly to a result of the comparison and inputted to the PWM pulse generator circuit 13. The PWM pulse generator circuit 13 is usually constructed with a comparator (COM) 13a and a triangular wave signal generator circuit 13b.
In the PWM pulse generator circuit 13, a voltage waveform generated by the triangular wave generator circuit 13b is compared in the comparator 13a with an error voltage Eo in the comparator 13a. The triangular wave signal is sliced by the error voltage Eo, which corresponds to a result of the comparison of the voltage Vs, with a comparative reference voltage Vref and a PWM pulse is generated correspondingly to a pulse width determined by the slicing and is supplied to the driver 14. The driver 14 ON/OFF controls the transistor Q correspondingly to the pulse width of the PWM pulse to generate lowered voltage (boosted voltage by a fly-back pulse when the driver 14 is of a voltage boost type) at the output terminal 16.
Incidentally, the Schottky diode D is a flywheel diode for returning a current from the inductor L to the latter when the transistor Q is turned OFF.
Therefore, the transistor Q is ON/OFF controlled in such that the voltage divided by the resistive voltage divider circuit 17, that is, the detection voltage Vs, becomes equal to the comparative reference voltage Vref. As a result, an output voltage Vo is generated at the output terminal 16 and the output voltage Vo is stabilized to an aimed constant voltage Vta.
Incidentally, the driver 14 may be deleted when the output of the comparator 13a can drive the transistor Q. In such case, the output of the comparator 13a is directly supplied to the transistor Q.
The resistive voltage divider circuit 17 is constructed with a series circuit of resistors R1 and R2. The comparator 13a has two (−) input terminals for signals to be compared and an output of a soft start circuit 18 is supplied to one of the (−) input terminals.
The soft start circuit 18 functions to gradually boost an output voltage of the driver 14 by changing duty cycle of the PWM pulse to gradually increase the pulse width of the drive pulse. Since the transistor Q is a P channel transistor in FIG. 4, the width of the drive pulse outputted by the driver 14 is gradually increased in a LOW level period correspondingly to the change of the pulse width of the PWM pulse, so that the ON period of the transistor Q is increased correspondingly.
As the soft start circuit 18, a voltage generator circuit using a CR time constant circuit having a charging voltage of a capacitor as a threshold of a triangular wave or a soft start voltage generator circuit (Patent Publication 1) which utilizes a counter and a D/A converter and generates a voltage signal rising stepwise correspondingly to a clock CLK is known.
Particularly, in the voltage generator circuit having the CR time constant circuit as the soft start circuit 18, a capacitance of a secondary side capacitor Co is large. With such soft start circuit, it is beneficial in preventing rush current in a circuit which requires large stability with respect to an output current and in controlling output timing in a multi-channel power source circuit.
By providing such soft start circuit 18, the ON state period of the switching transistor Q becomes gradually longer and the charging current of the capacitor Co is gradually increased. Thus, a large current is prevented from flowing to the capacitor Co in the non-charged state at a start time, so that the switching transistor Q is hardly broken.
Patent Publication 1: JP-2004-23948A

Switching regulator soft start circuitry using a D/A converter

Abstract: The output voltage signal of the soft start circuit is set to a step voltage signal which increases or decreases stepwise at a predetermined rate. A changing period of the step voltage signal is set to a predetermined period after a power source is turned ON. The changing period of the step voltage of the output signal of the soft start circuit is made larger than the predetermined period according to a timing of changing of the PWM pulse output from “H” to “L” or “L” to “H” after an initial period, and after the power source is turned ON by monitoring the PWM pulse output by a detection circuit.


A windshield washer nozzle with a drain port is disclosed. In the nozzle with liquid inlet and outlet ports, a partition wall is formed in the middle portion of the passage between the two ports, thus branching a drain port from the main passage. A pressure float valve is movably positioned in the middle portion of the main passage. The valve moves upward or downward under the guide of the partition wall in accordance with the pressure of the liquid in the passage, thus selectively closing the drain port or the passage. The drain port automatically drains the liquid from the nozzle at the end of a liquid ejecting operation, thus allowing the nozzle to be free from any deposits and preventing the nozzle from being blocked or unexpectedly frozen up in cold weather.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates, in general, to a windshield washer nozzle for automobiles used for ejecting pressurized washing liquid onto a windshield glass and, more particularly, to a windshield washer nozzle with a drain port for automatically draining liquid from the nozzle at the end of a liquid ejecting operation, thus allowing the nozzle to be free from any deposits and preventing the nozzle from being blocked or unexpectedly frozen up in cold weather
2. Description of the Prior Art
As well known to those skilled in the art, a windshield washer nozzle is used for ejecting pressurized washing liquid onto the windshield glass of a car. In the operation of such a nozzle, washing liquid contained in a tank is pumped through a hose prior to being ejected onto the windshield glass through the nozzle.
FIG. 1 shows the typical position of a windshield washer nozzle of a car. As shown in the drawing, two nozzles 1 for windshield washing liquid are mounted to opposite sides of a hood 3, which are positioned in front of the windshield glass 2. The nozzles 1 eject the pressurized washing liquid onto the windshield glass 2 when a driver in the passenger compartment operates a windshield washing lever.
The construction of a conventional windshield washer nozzle is shown in FIG. 1. As shown in the drawing, the nozzle 1 is comprised of a single body with two ports, that is, a liquid inlet port 1a and a liquid outlet port 1b. In the operation of the above nozzle 1, pressurized washing liquid passes through a washer hose (not shown) and is introduced into the nozzle 1 through the inlet port 1a. The washing liquid is, thereafter, ejected from the outlet port 1b onto a windshield glass 2.
The above nozzle 1 has a simple construction with both the inlet port 1a introducing the liquid into the nozzle 1 and the outlet port 1b discharging the pressurized liquid onto the windshield glass 2. Therefore, washing liquid remains in the nozzle 1 after a liquid ejecting operation of the nozzle 1 is stopped, thus causing deposits to be formed in the nozzle 1 due to an additive or impurities in the remaining liquid. Such deposits may unexpectedly block the outlet port 1b of the nozzle 1, thus causing the port 1b to fail to eject the liquid.
The washing liquid remaining in the nozzle 1 also allows the nozzle 1 to be frozen up in cold weather, thus breaking down or causing an operational error while ejecting washing liquid onto the windshield glass 2.

Windshield washer nozzle with drain port


Methods and apparatus for an encryption processor for performing accelerated computations to establish secure network sessions. The encryption processor includes an execution unit and a decode unit. The execution unit is configured to execute Montgomery operations and including at least one adder and at least two multipliers. The decode unit is configured to determine if a square operation or a product operation needs to be performed and to issue the appropriate instructions so that certain multiply and/or addition operations are performed in parallel in the execution unit while performing either the Montgomery square or Montgomery product operation.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to network security, and more particularly, to an encryption processor for performing accelerated computations to establish secure network sessions.
2. Description of the Related Art
For Virtual Private Networks (VPN) and E-commerce applications, security is the number one concern. For VPN applications, the commonly used security protocol is Internet Protocol Security (IPSec). For E-commerce applications, the security protocol deployed is Secure Socket Layer (SSL). SSL is embedded in every web browser. Before an SSL session can be established, symmetrical keys need to be established at both the client and server. This is accomplished by the use of a public key operation by the client and a private key operation by the server. In other words, the client uses the public key of the server to encrypt a message which is then sent to the server. The message is then decrypted by the server using its own private key (only the server knows its own private key). Once the message is decrypted, both the client and server have the same message to generate a symmetrical key. They can use the symmetrical key to encrypt/decrypt any messages transmitted and received between the client and server. Thus a private SSL session is established.
The IPSec session keys are typically established using Diffie-Hellman (DH) algorithm in the Internet Key Exchange (IFE) protocol. IKE also utilizes RSA and Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) algorithms for Public Key Infra-structure (PKI). The algorithms used in SSL are RSA, DH, and DSA. RSA Is by far the most used algorithm in SSL protocol because its simplicity and its easy integration with PKI. However DH and DSA are also occasionally used in SSL. DSA is the algorithm favored by government agencies. Common to all three algorithms is the time-consuming modular exponentiation (C=Me mod N) operation. One problem with the aforementioned security protocols is the time involved in computing the modular exponentiation (C=Me mod N) operation. Typically, the values of C and N are both 1024 bits wide. The value of exponent e can also be as large as 1024 bits wide. For example, the RSA private key decryption used by a server commonly has an exponent 1024 bits wide for stronger security. This means the calculation is extremely computation intensive, often resulting in relatively long delays before a secure connection is established. This problem is further compounded by the fact that the computation is typically performed by 32 or 64 bit microprocessor(s) in a server and not a dedicated device.
The Montgomery method for modular exponentiation is a technique that provides efficient implementation of modular multiplication without explicitly carrying out the classic modular reduction step. A modular multiplication usually consists of two operations: (1) multiplication and (2) modular reduction. The classic modular reduction step typically involves long division operation. For digital systems, division is a tedious operation and takes many clock cycles to complete. Montgomery method effectively removes many division operations required in the classic modular exponentiation operation and speeds up the total execution time for modular exponentiation. Montgomery method converts the classic modular exponentiation operation to a different residue space (the step is called Montgomery reduction operation). If a residue space of 2n, where n is the length of modulus N in base 2, is chosen, the subsequent modular multiplication operations embedded in the modular exponentiation operation become two multi-precision multiplication operations followed by one right shift operation. For more information on the Montgomery method, see P. Montgomery, "Modular Multiplication Without Trial Division", Mathematics of Computation, 44 (1985), pp 519-521.
Although helpful, the use of Montgomery mathematics is still too slow when implemented by a standard microprocessor in a server. This is particularly true at a busy web site where many Internet users are seeking to establish secure communications with the server because the SSL related computations consume an inordinate amount of the microprocessors time and resources.
An encryption processor for performing accelerated computations to establish secure network sessions is therefore needed.

Encryption processor for performing accelerated computations to establish secure network sessions connections


A knife opening assist removably attached to a folding knife blade. The assist is comprised of an attachment element with a channel formed therein for positioning over a portion of any blade edge opposite to the sharp blade edge. The element is attached to the blade by attachment means through apertures formed in the attachment element sides. The top of the attachment element has a hook-shaped element hooking toward the forward end of the blade. The hook is adapted to snag a pocket, holster or other container as the pocket knife is being drawn out for use.

This invention relates to the field of folding pocket knives, and in particular, to a device removably attached to the knife blade for assisting in opening the blade when the knife is withdrawn from a holster or pocket.
Handheld folding knives have been used for many years for self defense, especially by police and military personnel for self protection and to thwart an attack by an assailant. The folded knife is particularly advantageous for self defense because it occupies a small amount of space in one's pocket and also is totally safe to handle when in folded condition as the blade is securely stored in the handle.
Opening a conventional folded knife is slow and requires two hands, one holding the knife and the other engaging the blade during opening. Slowness in opening a conventional pocket knife can be a significant hindrance in a stressful situation. Stress increases the difficulty of performing ordinary motor skills. Advanced motor skills often require extensive and dedicated training. When an individual is confronted with a situation that demands stress management and the execution of advanced motor skills, a successful outcome becomes a problem.
Using a folded knife as a weapon requires withdrawing the knife from a contained position on the user's body. Rapidly drawing the weapon from the contained position requires skill. Even with skilled training, drawing a weapon without distraction and under stress is difficult to perform consistently. Drawing a weapon while managing a physical attack is significantly stressful and severely complicates the drawing process. This in turn increases the risk of injury or death. In practice, the weapon draw is measured not in seconds, but in fractions of a second. Therefore, facilitating the weapon draw will increase survivability. A means for enabling the simultaneous drawing and opening of a folded knife during a weapon's draw will provide a one-step weapon's draw and will significantly quicken a weapon draw.
Thus, there is a need for providing a means for modifying a conventional folding knife so that the folding knife will automatically and speedily open during removal of the knife from a holster or pocket; that requires only one hand to open; and that does not require any manipulation of the knife during removal other than the simple withdrawal of the knife from a holster, pocket or similar container.
The basic concept behind a folding knife is that it can be stored in a pocket or container. When the knife is withdrawn, it is then opened for use. Historically, a folding knife blade is opened from the knife handle. Opening a folding knife has evolved from a two-handed operation to a single-handed operation.
There are several ways to open a folding knife with one hand. The most common single-hand technique is to use the thumb to engage some geometry that is designed to increase the thumb's leverage on the blade. These geometries come in many shapes and sizes. Some geometries are formed out of the blade itself while others are attachments which are fastened to the blade in various ways. It is not uncommon to provide a means for applying additional pressure with a finger or thumb directly to the blade, the means preventing injury to the user from the blade.
Another single-handed opening technique is the wrist flick method. This method is facilitated by loosening the blade tension so that a quick flick of the wrist swings the blade into an open position.
Yet another method for single-handed opening of the folding knife is the classic switch blade. By depressing a release button on the folding knife, a retaining latch is opened from the spring-loaded blade causing the blade to spring open.
The opening method of interest with the present invention is a snagging technique. This method is based upon a geometry designed to snag a container, such as a pocket or holster, while the folded knife is being drawn out. The geometry provided automatically leverages the blade open as it is drawn. The inherent characteristic of the snagging technique is speed of opening. The prior art discloses snagging geometries formed as part of the blade itself. Applicant has provided examples in his Information Disclosure. However, nothing in the prior art provides geometries in the form of a removable attachment specifically adapted for opening a blade by snagging a pocket or container while the knife is being draw.
The purpose of the present invention is to permit a folding knife to be drawn as quickly as a fixed blade knife. By attaching the present invention to a folding knife, this objective is attained.


A system and method for transmission of communication signals between a controller and a robotic device in a data storage library. The system and method include a substantially planar electrical insulator having opposed first and second sides, and first and second substantially planar oppositely charged electrical conductors on the first and second sides of the insulator for use in providing electrical power to the robotic device. The system and method also include circuitry for generating the communication signals for transmission between the controller and the robotic device on one of the first and second conductors. The width of the second conductor is less than the width of the first conductor and the second conductor is substantially centered on the second side of the insulator relative to the width of the first conductor to reduce fringing of an electromagnetic field resulting from a transmitted communication signal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to the transmission of communication signals in a data storage system and, more particularly, to a system and method for transmitting communication signals between a controller and an automated robotic device in a tape cartridge library system.
2. Background
Current automated libraries for tape cartridges typically include arrays of multiple storage cells housing the tape cartridges, as well as multiple media drives. Multiple automated robotic devices may be used to move tape cartridges between the various storage cells and media drives within a library.
The use of multiple robotic devices in automated tape cartridge libraries raises various problems concerning the distribution of power to such robotic devices. More particularly, robotic devices used in automated tape cartridge libraries require power for operation thereof. In prior art automated tape cartridge libraries, the movement of the robotic devices is restricted by wire cable connections used for providing such power. That is, such cabling can prevent the robotic devices from crossing paths, or from continuous movement in one direction around the library without the necessity of ultimately reversing direction.
Such problems can be overcome through the use of brush/wiper technology. A robotic device traveling over a given route may use a power distributor such as fixed conductive strips to supply power to the robotic device, which itself is provided with brushes or wipers that contact the conductive strips in order to conduct power to the robotic device. Multiple brushes are preferably used on each robotic device to improve robustness and reliability. The integration of such conductive strips into the automated tape cartridge library, in conjunction with brush contacts provided on the robotic devices, allows for greater freedom of movement of the robotic devices, as well as for modular and extensible power distribution to robotic devices as library configurations change, or as libraries are connected in a modular fashion to form library systems.
Advantageously, the oppositely charged conductive layers of a power strip as described above can be used for transmitting communication signals between the robotic device and a host controller. In doing so, however, electromagnetic interference and unintended signal emissions can be a problem. This can be particularly true for power conductors that are quite long. Interference from radio, television, and other radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation sources, whether or not intentionally emitted, can interfere with the communication signals modulated onto the power conductors. Such interference can cause data transmission errors and slow the maximum attainable rate of data transfer.
In that same regard, when communication signals are modulated onto a long power conductor, some of the RF energy can radiate through the air and interfere with nearby independent power conductors. If the nearby power conductors also contain modulated communication signals, harmful interference can result. The energy radiated by the modulated power conductors may also cause interference in radio and television broadcast bands, or other restricted RF bands. Such interference may be prohibited by government regulations.
Thus, there exist a need for an improved system and method for transmitting communication signals between a controller and a robotic device in a data storage library. Such a system and method would improve the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of brush and strip power distribution by the orientation of the power strip conductors. More particularly, such an improved system and method would employ positive and negative (ground) conductors preferably separated by a thin layer of insulating dielectric. The positive conductor would preferably be centered over the negative conductor, and the negative conductor would preferably be wider than the positive conductor in order to minimize fringing of the electric filed due to the modulated communication signal. The thin dielectric would minimize the xe2x80x9cloop areaxe2x80x9d of the conductors. The conductors themselves would be substantially flat and relatively thin in order to reduce their respective surface areas, thereby reducing xe2x80x9cskin effect.xe2x80x9d
Accordingly, the present invention provides an improved system and method for transmitting communication signals to and from an automated robotic device for use in a data storage library.
According to the present invention, then, in a data storage library having a plurality of cells for holding media cartridges for use in storing data, at least one media drive, a robotic device for transporting cartridges between the plurality of cells and the at least one media drive in the data storage library, and a controller for controlling the robotic device, a system is provided for transmission of communication signals between the controller and the robotic device. The system comprises a substantially planar electrical insulator having opposed first and second sides, a first substantially planer electrical conductor on the first side of the insulator for use in providing electrical power to the robotic device, the first conductor to be provided with an electrical charge and having a width, and a second substantially planar electrical conductor on the second side of the insulator for use in providing electrical power to the robotic device, the second conductor to be provided with an electrical charge opposite the electrical charge of the first conductor, the second conductor having a width. The system further comprises means for generating the communication signals for transmission between the controller and the robotic device on one of the first and second conductors, wherein the width of the second conductor is less than the width of the first conductor, and the second conductor is substantially centered on the second side of the insulator relative to the width of the first conductor to reduce fringing of an electromagnetic field resulting from a transmitted communication signal.
Also according to the present invention, in a data storage library having a plurality of cells for holding media cartridges for use in storing data, at least one media drive, a robotic device for transporting cartridges between the plurality of cells and the at least one media drive in the data storage library, and a controller for controlling the robotic device, a method is provided for transmission of communication signals between the controller and the robotic device, the method comprises providing a substantially planar electrical insulator having opposed first and second sides, providing a first substantially planer electrical conductor on the first side of the insulator for use in providing electrical power to the robotic device, the first conductor to be provided with an electrical charge and having a width, and providing a second substantially planar electrical conductor on the second side of the insulator for use in providing electrical power to the robotic device, the second conductor to be provided with an electrical charge opposite the electrical charge of the first conductor, the second conductor having a width. The method further comprises providing means for generating the communication signals for transmission between the controller and the robotic device on one of the first and second conductors, wherein the width of the second conductor is less than the width of the first conductor, and the second conductor is substantially centered on the second side of the insulator relative to the width of the first conductor to reduce fringing of an electromagnetic field resulting from a transmitted communication signal.
The above features, and other features and advantages of the present invention are readily apparent from the following detailed descriptions thereof when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.

System and method for transmitting communication signals to an automated robotic device in a data storage system


Blends of meta and para isomers of .alpha., .alpha.'-bis(t-butylperoxy) diisopropylbenzene are disclosed as well as methods of producing blends of .alpha., .alpha.'-bis(t-butylperoxy) diisopropylbenzene with desired ratios of meta and para isomers.. Additionally, blends of meta and para isomers of .alpha., .alpha.'-bis(t-butylperoxy) diisopropylbenzene and tertiary alkyl cumyl peroxides are disclosed.. The peroxides are useful for absorbing in polymers and subsequently crosslinking the polymers. The peroxide blends may be adjusted to have melt points below temperatures at which the polymers become difficult to process during the absorption step because of stickiness.

Polyperoxides are used in industry for cross linking polymers. Among the polyperoxides which have been used in cross linking polymers is .alpha., .alpha.'-bis(t-butylperoxy) diisopropylbenzene. The .alpha., .alpha.'-bis(t-butylperoxy) diisopropylbenzene has been available as a blend of the meta and para isomers where the ratio of meta to para isomers is about 2.0/1 and where the meta isomer constitutes about 68% of the blend and the para isomer constitutes about 32% of the blend. This blend, available from Hercules Incorporated, Wilmington, Del. as Vul-Cup.RTM. organic peroxide, is produced by a process as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,658,914 incorporated herein in its entirety, using di-isopropyl benzene as a starting material.
Generally, the isomer ratio of the polyperoxide is determined by the process of alkylating cumene. This process results in a meta to para isomer ratio of about 2:1.
Also, .alpha., .alpha.'-bis(t-butylperoxy) diisopropylbenzene is available either in its pure meta or para form.
While these blends are useful in the cross linking of polymers, the temperature range over which these materials melt sometimes interferes with absorption of the liquid peroxide into the polymers. If the .alpha., .alpha.'-bis(t-butylperoxy) diisopropylbenzene melts near the softening point of a polymer to be cross linked, problems frequently arise due to polymer particles sticking together during the absorption process. This is a problem with the available 2/1 blend as well as with nearly pure meta or para isomers.
It has been discovered that by selecting certain ratios of the meta and para isomers in the polyperoxide, polyperoxides having lower melt point ranges may be obtained. These polyperoxides may be produced either through selecting the desired ratio of di-isopropyl benzene as a starting material if that material is to be oxidized to its corresponding diol form or selecting di-isopropyl benzene diol with the desired isomeric ratio or through blending of meta and para isomers of the polyperoxide.
A need exists for peroxides which melt at a lower temperature than the polyperoxides described hereinabove. U.S. Pat. No. 4,450,302 discloses peroxide blends that have low melting points and which are useful in the crosslinking of polymers such as polyethylene, EPDM and copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate. However, these peroxide blends exhibit high volatility and poor scorch resistance. Scorch is known in the art as premature crosslinking of a polymer system prior to forming the polymer into desirable shapes. Poor scorch resistance of the peroxide blends of U.S. Pat. No. 4,450,302 is as a result of these peroxide blends containing dicumyl peroxide which has a scorch initiation temperature approximately 10.degree. C. below the scorch initiation temperature of the inventive peroxides blends and polyperoxides.
The peroxide blends of U.S. Pat. No. 4,450,302 discloses high amounts of t-butyl cumyl peroxide. T-butyl cumyl peroxide is a relatively volatile material and has a vapor pressure of 20 mm Hg at ambient temperature. The vapor pressure of the .alpha., .alpha.'-bis(t-butylperoxy) diisopropylbenzene is essentially 0 mm Hg at ambient temperature. It is desirable to minimize the volatility of peroxides used in crosslinking polymers because peroxide loss from polymer/peroxide blends effects the manner in which the polymer cures.