A seat assembly within an internal cabin of a vehicle includes an electrical interface housing that contains a first portion of a cable that is configured to provide one or both of electrical power or electrical signals to one or more electrical components. A cable reel rotatably coupled to a body of the electrical interface housing. The cable reel is configured to rotate about an axis. The first portion of the cable includes an adjustable coil that is coiled around the cable reel. The cable reel is rotatable in a first direction to deploy the first portion of the cable outwardly from the electrical interface housing and a second direction to retract the first portion of the cable inwardly into the electrical interface housing.

Commercial aircraft typically include an internal cabin that may be divided into numerous sections. A cockpit is generally separated from a passenger cabin, which may include a first class section, a business class section, an economy section, and the like. Each section within a passenger cabin may have a different spacing or pitch between rows of seats. For example, a first class section typically has a greater pitch between rows of seats as compared to an economy section.
Between flights of an aircraft, an operator may decide to reconfigure certain seating areas to adjust the pitch between certain rows of seats. For example, an operator may decide to change a row of an economy section into an economy plus section, or vice versa. The pitch between rows of the economy section may differ from the pitch between rows of the economy plus section.
In order to change the pitch between rows of seats, the seats of at least one of the rows are completely removed and lifted from seat tracks. The seats are then moved to a new position, where they are secured to the seat tracks. Aircraft mechanics typically use tools to remove the seats from the seat tracks, reposition and align the seats in relation to the new positions, and securely lock the seats in the new positions. Moreover, any electrical connections within the seats are typically disconnected before the seats are moved, and then reconnected at the new positions.
As can be appreciated, the process of removing the seats from the seat tracks, disconnecting electrical couplings, moving the seats to new positions, reconnecting electrical couplings, and securing the seats at the new positions is time and labor intensive. If there is a relatively short time until a subsequent flight, there may not be sufficient time to adjust the seats to new positions.


A method of producing a fuel substance by separating materials in a recycling operation based on BTU component content is provided. A stream of materials including non-sorted, heterogeneous, recycled materials is shredded. The stream of materials is separated into heavy and light materials with a separator that discharges the light and heavy materials in respective light and heavy material streams. Ferrous and non-ferrous materials are magnetically separated from the heavy material stream. The non-ferrous materials are discharged to a screen for further separation. The light materials are processed through a rotary trommel and a non-ferrous metal separator to separate the light materials into fine, coarse, and non-ferrous metal materials, the coarse materials having a BTU component content of at least four thousand BTU's per ton. Low density materials are separated from the coarse materials with a low density separator, thereby increasing the BTU component content of the coarse materials.

The present invention relates to solid waste material sorting and recycling systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of producing a reusable fuel substance as well as other useful substances by separating materials in a salvage operation which receives mixed materials, such as automobiles.
Since millions of automobiles become old or unusable, automobile disposal creates an enormous problem. The scrap metal industry has attempted to alleviate this problem by designing several types of mechanized recycling systems.
At these recycling centers, complete automobile bodies (including the seats and upholstery) as well as other types of metallic (containing various amounts of contamination and non-metallic components) are shredded into smaller pieces. The goal is to separate the metallic from the non-metallic components. While the metallic materials are typically recycled, the non-metallic materials have traditionally been taken to a dump for disposal. This has primarily been due to the industry's inability to find a viable, cost-effective alternative.
In an effort to extend the life of existing landfill facilities and, as space in these facilities becomes more limited, there is renewed interest in exploring new alternatives. This is heightened by the trend in automobile design toward fewer metallic components and an increase in the number of non-metallic components. Therefore, it is necessary to develop systems for sorting and recycling as many reusable automobile components as possible. Specifically, there remains a need for improved methods whereby non-metallic materials are converted into reusable byproducts such as, for example, a fuel substance with a relatively high BTU component content.


An abnormality detection apparatus including a feature extraction circuit configured to extract a feature point and a feature value of a first image, and a feature point and a feature value of a second image, a flow calculation circuit configured to calculate, based on the feature value of the first image, a first abnormality detection circuit configured to detect an abnormality in the first image based on a first optical flow, and to detect an abnormality in the second image based on a third optical flow, and a second abnormality detection circuit configured to detect an abnormality in the first or second image based on a result of a comparison between the second optical flow and a fourth optical flow.

The present disclosure relates to an abnormality detection apparatus and a vehicle system.
An apparatus that detects an abnormality in a camera has been known. For example, in techniques disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication Nos. 2016-15638 and H11-177964, an abnormality in a camera is detected by designating or extracting an overlapped area in a plurality of images taken by respective cameras and comparing features in the overlapped area in the images. In such techniques, it is necessary that shooting ranges of at least two cameras overlap each other. Therefore, it is impossible to detect an abnormality in a camera whose shooting range does not overlap with any of the other cameras.
To detect an abnormality in such a camera, there is an abnormality detection method using continuity of an optical flow. In this method, a feature point in an image is extracted according to a predetermined algorithm (for example, an algorithm disclosed in Jianbo Shi and Carlo Tomasi, "Good Features to Track", IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1994, pages 593-600) and this feature point is tracked through temporally consecutive images. Then, by determining whether or not the continuity of the movement of this feature point is maintained, it is possible to detect an abnormality in the camera whose shooting range does not overlap with any of the other cameras.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Abnormality detection apparatus and vehicle system


A utility knife system comprises a handle assembly, a blade assembly, and a protective blade cover. The handle assembly and the blade assembly have complementary latching mechanisms for easy exchange of blades without opening the handle. The protective blade cover functions cooperatively with the handle assembly and blade assembly to ensure that a user does not touch the cutting edges of blades while exchanging them.

This invention relates to a utility knife system, which comprises a knife handle, exchangeable blades, and protective covers for the blades.
Utility knives are versatile cutting tools that feature a blade slidable in and out of a knife handle. Typically, to replace the blade of a utility knife when the blade becomes dull, a user must unscrew and open the utility knife handle to gain access to the blade.
To make the replacement of blades more convenient, various configurations for utility knives for which the blades may be replaced without opening the knife handle are known. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,577,637, filed by Braginetz on Sep. 24, 1968 and issued on May 4, 1971, a utility knife is disclosed containing a blade carrier with a resilient portion that can be moved laterally by a tab. The resilient portion contains a lug that engages certain notches on the blade.
As another example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,025,598, filed by Nissen on Oct. 13, 1958 and issued on Mar. 30, 1962, discloses a utility knife having a blade with a rounded, knob-like end. The utility knife handle contains a blade carrier having a resilient upper portion. The upper portion of the blade carrier contains a shoulder. When the blade is inserted into the handle, the rounded end of the blade exerts a downward force on the shoulder, causing the upper portion to depress. When the rounded end passes the shoulder, the upper portion springs back to its normal position, causing the shoulder to engage the rear of the rounded end. To disengage the blade, the upper portion is depressed using a tab coupled to the upper portion.
In each of the above-described known configurations for replacing blades within a utility knife handle, a risk exists that a user may cut himself or herself while replacing a blade because the cutting edge of the blade is left exposed. To date, therefore, each configuration for replacing blades within a utility knife involves a safety risk to the user.


A Bacillus cell containing a mutation in the residual protease III (rp-III) gene resulting in the inhibition of the production by the cell of proteolytically active RP-III.

This invention relates to Bacillus strains useful for the expression and secretion of desired polypeptides (as used herein, "polypeptide" means any useful chain of amino acids, including proteins).
Bacillus strains have been used as hosts to express heterologous polypeptides from genetically engineered vectors. The use of a Gram positive host such as Bacillus avoids some of the problems associated with expressing heterologous genes in Gram negative organisms such as E. coli. For example, Gram negative organisms produce endotoxins which may be difficult to separate from a desired product. Furthermore, Gram negative organisms such as E. coli are not easily adapted for the secretion of foreign products, and the recovery of products sequestered within the cells is time consuming, tedious, and potentially problematic. In addition, Bacillus strains are non-pathogenic and are capable of secreting proteins by well-characterized mechanisms.
A general problem in using Bacillus host strains in expression systems is that they produce large amounts of proteases which can degrade heterologous polypeptides before they can be recovered from the culture media. The production of the majority of these proteases occurs at the end of the exponential growth phase. At this time, conditions of nutrient deprivation exist and the cells are preparing for sporulation. The two major extracellular proteases are an alkaline serine protease (subtilisin), the product of the apr gene, and a neutral metalloprotease, the product of the npr gene. Secretion of these proteases occurs into the medium, whereas the major intracellular serine protease, Isp-I, is produced within the cells. Other investigators have created genetically altered Bacillus strains that produce below normal levels of one or more of these three proteases. These strains still produce high enough levels of protease to cause the degradation of heterologous gene products prior to purification.
Stahl et al. (J. Bact., 1984, 158:411) disclose a Bacillus protease mutant in which the chromosomal subtilisin structural gene was replaced with an in vitro derived deletion mutation. Strains carrying this mutation had only 10% of the wild-type extracellular production of protease activity. Yang et al. (J. Bact., 1984, 160:15) disclose a Bacillus protease mutant in which the chromosomal neutral protease gene was replaced with a gene having an in vitro derived deletion mutation. Fahnestock et al. (WO 86/01825) describe the construction of Bacillus strains lacking subtilisin activity by replacing the native chromosomal gene sequence with a partially homologous DNA sequence containing an inserted inactivating segment. Kawamura et al. (J. Bact., 1984, 160:442) disclose Bacillus strains carrying lesions in the npr and apr genes. These strains express less than 4% of the extracellular protease activity levels observed in wild-type strains. Koide et al. (J. Bact., 1986, 167:110) disclose the cloning and sequencing of the isp-1 gene and the construction of an Isp-1 negative mutant by chromosomal integration of an artificially deleted gene.
Sloma et al., 1990 J. Bact. 172:1024-1029, employed B. subtilis deleted for the three major proteases (apr, npr, isp) in order to identify three additional residual proteases (epr, bpr, mpr). Blackburn et al., WO 89/10976 also used sporulation competent apr-, npr- strains to isolate what they alledge to be a residual serine protease (rsp) which lacks amino terminal homology to known bacillus proteases.
Genetically altered strains which are deleted for both the major extracellular protease genes (apr and npr) and three residual protease genes (epr, bpr, mpr) produce virtually undetectable levels of protease activity in standard protease assays. However, a resorufin-labeled casein substrate, can be used to detect minor protease activities which are responsible for degradation of some heterologous polypeptides and proteins.


The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method of determining a display mode from a plurality of display modes for a display device that displays an image, each display mode relates to an inputted signal from a signal source that includes an analog signal and an H/V synchronization signal, the method including determining at least one display mode corresponding to the inputted H/V synchronization signal; converting the inputted analog signal to a digital signal according to a sampling signal corresponding to each of the at least one determined display mode; and displaying the image using a display mode from the at least one determined display mode that most closely relates to the signal source.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a display and control method thereof, and more particularly, to a display to display an image of inputted video signal from a video signal source, according to the most suitable display mode and a control method thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
A display apparatus generally displays a video signal having a predetermined display mode inputted from a video signal source such a computer, a TV broadcasting system, or the like. The display apparatus may be either a CRT display or a flat-panel display, such as an LCD.
The flat-panel display generally uses a digital mode wherein an analog video signal inputted from a video signal source is converted into a digital video signal and an image is displayed on the basis of the converted digital video signal. A display apparatus in which a digital video signal is directly inputted from a video signal source and processed has recently been developed.
The video signal inputted from the video signal source, such as the computer or the TV broadcasting system, has a variety of display modes. For example, a computer graphic card supports a variety of display modes, such as video graphics array (VGA), extended graphics array (XGA), super video graphics array (SVGA), ultra super video graphic array (USVGA) and the like. Displays are now being used as both a computer monitor and as a TV monitor, which may support a variety of display modes for a TV signal. Thus, the display apparatus supports a variety of resolutions, such as 640×480 60 Hz, 640×480 75 Hz, 800×600 60 Hz, 1024×768 60 Hz, 1600×1200 60 Hz and 1920×1200 60 Hz. The display apparatus determines the display mode on the basis of an H/V synchronization signal inputted from a video signal source and converts an analog video signal into a digital signal according to a sampling signal corresponding to the determined display mode.
However, the conventional display apparatus may not cover the variety of display modes described above. If the display mode has the same frequency of the H/V synchronization signal but a different resolution, the conventional display apparatus cannot recognize the difference and displays an image according to a display mode that is different from the inputted video signal and that the image does not correspond to the inputted video signal.


A golf club face position detection system incorporates a light beam reflected off the face of a golf club as the face strikes the ball which activates a circuit to capture the image of the reflected light beam against a target area thereby indicating horizontal and vertical angulation of the face at or near the time of ball contact.

It is well appreciated that successful mastery of the game of golf is dependent upon clubface attitude at the moment of impact between the clubface and the ball. While many systems have been proposed to determine the positioning of the clubface (face attitude) at various points during the swing of the club, including at the point where impact with the ball will, or should, occur. Such devices and methods have often been awkward or difficult to use, expensive and prone to misinterpretation or error.
Such devices have often used photography, including video photography, and some have employed laser light sources, light reflection and other techniques for attempting to instantaneously or over time provide an indication of clubface attitude.
Among the various proposed devices are those employing reflective light from the club head, either by means of photo detectors such as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,251,077 or using laser devices such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,452,897. Such devices generally assume the position of the club head at the moment of striking a ball either by requiring the club head to be held in a fixed position relative to the light beam or by assuming that the ball would be struck as the club head passes a fixed point. Other devices utilizing laser light sources, such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,117,020 require that the laser device to be fixed to the club head. Such club head attachments would be undesired if the club face attitude is to be indicated as a result of a normal swing since such devices would affect the weight and feel of the club. Devices which are restricted to fixed position club heads, attempting to determine the attitude of the club head at the normal address of the ball position would not accurately reflect deviations encountered during the golfer's normal swing.
It would therefore be an advance in the art to provide a club head attitude detecting device which did not require any substantial modification to the club or club head, did not interfere with the users normal swing, was relatively simple to use and inexpensive to operate.

Golf club face position detection system


A shear resistant structural panel assembly for use in framed buildings comprising a facing of finish material bonded and having a lower tensile strength to a usually thinner, structural membrane having a higher tensile strength and directly fastened to structural framing elements by a series of shouldered fasteners applied through the shear panel along both its edges and within the field of the panel, said fasteners securing said structural membrane to the face of the structural framing elements at the bearing face of the shoulder to resist shearing and separation forces on said assembly. The preferred embodiment is a nail with a cone shaped ridge located below the surface of the nail's head at a depth sufficient to pin the sheet metal to the supporting structural frame. The bevel indents the sheet metal providing a broad bearing surface sa as to increase the tearout strength as well as preventing the sheet metal from lifting free of the framing element. Under cycled loading conditions the fastener provides a highly ductile joint which absorbs energy and dampens building oscillations reducing the loads on the building's structure.

This invention relates to metal shear panel fasteners, specifically nails and screws used to fasten shear resistant diaphragms to framing elements in the construction of framed buildings and the like and to joints and structures created therewith.
All buildings require shear resistant structural elements in order to resist lateral forces produced by winds and earthquakes. In general, there are three types of structural systems used in framed buildings to resist lateral shear forces: moment resistant frames, diagonal bracing, and shear resistant diaphragms. A typical shear wall assembly consists of three structural elements: a frame bounds the shear panel and provides intermediate elements to inhibit panel buckling and increase tensile and compressive strength; shear panels are applied over the frame to provide shear resistance; and a fastening system which connects the shear membrane to the frame elements.
Typically shear panels are constructed from sheets of plywood or Oriented Strand Board (OSB), thin sheet steel, or other composite materials (such as reinforced plastics) applied to wood or steel studs or joists by means of nails or screws. These panels are then usually covered with sheets of Gypsum Wall Board (GWB) or some other finish materials to provide a cosmetically attractive surface. When the anticipated loads are low enough the Gypsum Wall Board has sometimes been used by itself to provide the structural membrane.
Until recently, the laboratory structural testing used to certify the strength of shear resisting systems has employed a gradually applied, one directional, load (so called monotonic loading). However, as more experience with failures in actual earthquake conditions has been acquired, monotonic certification has come into question. Brittle materials have been determined to perform poorly under cyclical, shock loading conditions. Pending the development of more realistic testing methodology the allowable strengths of GWB has been halved in the Uniform Building Code.
The use of GWB, plywood, or OSB for shear walls pose structural problems for design engineers and installers:
(a) Plywood and OSB have a lack of uniformity in strength due to variations in wood properties and manufacturing processes. Variations i n construction conditions such as overdriven nails and exposure to moisture also reduce the strength of assembled shear walls. PA1 (b) GWB panels are very brittle and the paper covering has very little tearthrough strength. Under cycled loading conditions the screws or nails pull though the face paper and the gypsum surrounding the fasteners fractures at relatively low loads. PA1 (c) The hardened steel screws sometimes used as fasteners also perform poorly compared to nails when used with high strength membranes such as plywood. The hardening process reduces ductility and the threads introduce stress concentrations. Under cyclical loading conditions the screws fatigue and fail near the surface of the framing elements. PA1 a! to provide a fastener which bears directly on the structural membrane to increase tear-through strength PA1 b! to provide a fastener bearing face close to the framing element so as to reduce fastener bending stresses PA1 c! to provide a fastener bearing face close to the framing element so as to reduce fastener withdrawal loads PA1 d! to provide ductile fastener PA1 e! To provide a fastener that can be rapidly installed using a pneumatically actuated nail gun or electrically operated screw gun PA1 f! to provide an increased bearing area in the structural membrane to increase its lateral load capacity and energy capacity PA1 e! to provide increased joint ductility and energy absorption so as to reduce building loads by hysteretic damping PA1 f! to provide a self gauging means of fastener installation and inspection PA1 g! to allow the use of a smaller diameter lower portion of the shaft for the fastener so as to reduce splitting in wooden framing elements when large numbers of fasteners are required for high load conditions
In 1977, U.S. Gypsum was granted U.S. Pat. No. 4,016,697 for gypsum wall board clad with sheet steel on one face for use in buildings. That patent shows the attachment of the composite panel to the framing elements by means of conventional screws, nails, and clips. The patent discusses the use of the panels as bending or compression elements but makes no mention of shear capability. Recently a structural panel identical to U. S. Gypsum's patented system has been marketed by Cemco for use as a shear panel in steel framed buildings. Cemco's panel consists of a sheet of GWB bonded to a sheet of either 22 gauge or 25 gauge sheet metal. This panel is designed to be screwed to a steel frame and eliminates the need for a separate lateral bracing system. Panels of the foregoing type suffer from structural limitations under conditions of earthquake loading due their employment of conventional fasteners. Under cycled loading conditions the screws' heads tend to pull through the paper facing of the GWB under the influence of out-of-plane loads. When the structural membrane begins to lift free of the face of the studs the resulting increased bending load on the screws, combined with the screw's fatigue problem, result in a premature structural failure. Nails could be substituted for the screws but the tear-through problem remains. Screws could be driven completely through the gypsum wall board so as to bear directly on the steel but the fatigue problem remains and inspection is difficult. Both nails and screws provide limited bearing area to resist tearout/bearing failure in thin structural membranes. At present there is no fastener available that fully utilizes the structural capabilities of thin, shear membranes. Conventional screws and nails as well as specialty fasteners were not designed for, nor are they suitable, for this application:
So called "duplex" nails are used in concrete form work to facilitate the subsequent reuse of wooden forming materials. Such fasteners, described in U.S. Pat. No. 451,213 to Shepley, are double headed nails to be used for the temporary erection of wood. These fasteners are not intended to be driven deeper than their lowermost head so that the upper head is readily accessible for later extraction of the form nail. Duplex nails provide no greater bearing area in shear than standard nails, are not available in appropriate head configurations for this application, and lack the proper relationship between the head's locations so as to be self gauging during installation.
So called "ring-shanked" nails are used to provided increased resistance to nail withdrawal in wood flooring systems. Such fasteners are described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,172,553 to Tripp. The annular ridges of such fasteners are of a constant diameter and would produce an unsuitably oversized hole in the structural membrane and weakening the shear and uplift strength of the connection.
A specialty nail for the installation of plaster rock of lathing disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,633,049 to Anderson has a moveable head and a conical projection on the shank intended to be driven completely through the rock layer and into the wood stud to create an oversized hole in the rock and allow subsequent movement of the rock lath. Such a fastener would produce serious structural damage to a structural membrane and would create a weak attachment.
A specialty nail for attaching metal lathing to wood studs disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 383,951 to Hegbom in 1888 has a protrusion of the nail shaft for the purpose of supporting the lath. The nail's shoulder is located well clear of the surface of the stud and would provide no structural advantage over a standard nail in this application.
If a water resistant, fire resistant, GWB panel with a structural membrane backing were provided with an easily installed and inspected fastening system which took full advantage of the strength and ductility characteristics of the structural membrane, the supporting frame, and the fastener then a marked advance in the art of framed building construction would ensue.
The improved shear resistant panel assembly forming the subject of this invention is best accomplished by a novel panel of water and fire resistant GWB bonded to a layer of galvanized sheet metal said panel attached to the framing elements by shouldered fasteners which pin the sheet metal directly to the face of the frame. The structural backing can also be thickened along the panel edges to increase its resistance to fastener tearout under high loads. The structural backing can also be constructed of other materials such as fiber reinforced resins. The GWB layer can also be replaced by other finish materials such as wood or plastic.


A system and method for selecting the number of machines from a cloud cluster needed for performing identical tasks with different inputs and outputs are disclosed. An example method receives an administrative task request from a user and determines the number of computing devices necessary to perform the request. The request may then be sharded into tasks across clusters of computing devices and the tasks may be run. The results from each computing device may be combined into a single result output and the output may be provided to a user.

Engineers working on software projects such as browsers or graphic libraries can optimize their code and test new features by running benchmarks, scripts, and other tasks on multiple computing machines using a repository of archived web pages as test data.
Conventional systems allow engineers to manually capture reusable archives of small sets of webpages to test code changes in continuous builds. However, such a small sample set has limited benefits since code changes may affect webpages differently. Expanding a small set of webpages to a massive repository with thousands to millions of webpage archives is difficult due to constraints such as disk space, processing power, and time. Additionally, deciding the number of machines necessary to perform a certain benchmark, script, or task may be problematic to determine.

Run benchmark or analysis tools against massive repository of archived webpages on machines in the cloud for continuous builds or AD-HOC requests


A method of using high temperature plasma to disintegrate waste containing titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) comprises heating a mixture of titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc), a vitrifying material and optionally selected waste soil to a temperature of 1,220° C. to 10,000° C. until the mixture becomes a molten lava. The plasma breaks down the titanyl phthalocyanine and encapsulates the benign products in the lava that is chemically very stable. Since the titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) is disintegrated completely in the process, the titanyl phtbalocyanine (TiOPc) no longer represents a threat to the environmental.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of using high temperature plasma to neutralize toxic or hazardous material, and more particularly to a method of using high temperature plasma to disintegrate organic photo-conductor material waste containing titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) to non-toxic and non-hazardous materials.
2. Description of Related Art
Plasma is a highly ionized and high temperature gas, is a combination of molecules, atoms, electrons and positive ions and is considered to be a "fourth state of matter" in addition to solid, liquid, and gas. High temperature plasma is a clean thermal-source that disintegrates large molecules without combustion. The disintegration of the waste is a process involving energy transmission and conversion. Compounds subjected to the high temperature plasma disintegrate, and energy of the compounds in the plasma is transmitted to the waste within electric arcs in the high temperature plasma. When the waste and high temperature plasma interact, electrons in the molecules and atoms of the waste are stripped away from the nucleus of the atoms, break the bonds between atoms of the waste compounds and fundamentally completely destroy the waste. Ideally, using high temperature plasma to break down waste only generates some simple molecules or atoms such as hydrogen atom, carbon oxide, carbon atom, and hydrochloride because the simple molecules or atoms can not recombine into complex molecule in the high temperature plasma.
Presently, flammable wastes are treated by incineration. However, incinerating equipment does not completely breakdown the waste and often results in the generation of some toxic products. Consequently, subsequent processes are required to treat the toxic products and are troublesome. Particularly, organic waste of organic photo-conductor (OPC), i.e. titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc), cannot be disintegrated by incineration and is classified as nonflammable material. Therefore, organic photo-conductor waste containing titanyl phthalocyanine is a significant waste treatment system problem for manufacturers.
To overcome the shortcomings, the present invention provides a method using high temperature plasma to disintegrate waste containing titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) to mitigate or obviate the problems.

Method of using high temperature plasma to disintegrate waste containing titanyl phthalocyanine

Tai Chan Environmental Technologies Ltd.


A hybridoma cell line ST03 having China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) accession number C2013187, a monoclonal antibody against aflatoxin biosynthetic precursor ST produced by the hybridoma cell line ST03, and the use of the monoclonal antibody. The hybridoma cell line ST03 can be used for preparing a high-titer monoclonal antibody against aflatoxin biosynthetic precursor ST, and the titer of mouse ascites antibody against aflatoxin biosynthetic precursor ST determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can reach 6.4×105. The monoclonal antibody against aflatoxin biosynthetic precursor ST has high sensitivity, has 50% inhibiting concentration IC50 to aflatoxin biosynthetic precursor ST of 0.36 ng/mL, has no cross reaction with all of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, and aflatoxin G2, and can be used for the content determination of aflatoxin biosynthetic precursor ST.

Sterigmatocystin, i.e., ST, as an aflatoxin intermediate, is the early-stage intermediate during the synthesis of aflatoxins. ST is mainly produced by fungi such as Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulas, and Aspergillus rugulosus, etc., may contaminate most of grains and forage grasses, and in particular severely contaminate wheat, maize, peanut and forage grasses. The basic structure of aflatoxin biosynthesis precursor ST consists of a difuran ring in connection with xanthone. The precursor has a structure similar to that of aflatoxin, and has toxicity that is second only to that of aflatoxin. Toxicity of ST includes hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cytogenetic toxicity and strong carcinogenicity. It enters into the human food chain after contaminating foods, and feeds and poses a threat to the health and safety of human. The hazard degree has a positive correlation with the intake of aflatoxin biosynthesis precursor ST. Since China is an area where there is more severe contamination with aflatoxin biosynthesis precursor ST, one of the key points to fortify the food safety is to improve detection of aflatoxin biosynthesis precursor ST in food products and feeds. Accordingly, it is necessary to determine the content of ST in cereals and finished products thereof suspected to be contaminated with the aflatoxin biosynthesis precursor ST.
Currently, methods for detecting aflatoxin biosynthesis precursor ST mainly include thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and liquid chromatography. TLC is easy to operate, and does not require complex and precise instrumentation, but has low sensitivity and low accuracy. Using TLC, a lower limit of detection of aflatoxin biosynthesis precursor ST in rice, maize, and wheat samples is 25 μg/kg and that in soybean and peanut samples is 50 μg/kg. In the recent years, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been used widely in the detection of fungal toxins and has also been reported for detecting the aflatoxin biosynthesis precursor ST. However, the application of the HPLC in detection at the basic level has been limited by tedious pre-processing, expensive instrumentation, requirements for stringent operation environment, and professional operators, etc. Therefore, there is a pressing need in the detection field in China to study and develop novel techniques for rapid detection of aflatoxin biosynthesis precursor ST, which is of importance on guaranteeing the safety in food consumption in China.
Immunological analysis techniques, which have been developed in recent years, have been increasingly the focus of rapid detection techniques for pollutants such as aflatoxin, due to advantages such as high sensitivity, short detection time, and easy to operate, etc. However, there are few reports on rapid detection techniques for aflatoxin biosynthesis precursor ST. Antigens and antibodies are the core reagents and the technological sources in immunological analysis techniques. The aflatoxin biosynthesis precursor ST has a molecular weight of 324, belongs to small molecule compounds (≦1000) and is incapable of directly stimulating an animal to produce antibodies. Only after covalently coupled to a carrier protein such as bovine serum protein (BSA), egg white albumin (OVA), and polylysine, etc., would aflatoxin be converted into an artificial antigen with both reactogenicity and immunogenicity which can stimulate an animal to produce antibodies. Currently, the artificial antigen of aflatoxin biosynthetic precursor ST is obtained mainly via preparation by sodium borohydride reduction, the sensitivity of the antibodies obtained using this artificial antigen is often not high.

Hybridoma cell line ST03, monoclonal antibody against aflatoxin biosynthetic precursor sterigmatocystin and use thereof

OILCROPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURE SCIENCES


A rotary grinder for sharpening mulcher blades. A grinding wheel is rotatably mounted atop a work support surface. A platform removably mounted to the work support surface includes a first upwardly facing blade supporting surface and a second upwardly facing blade support surface. The second blade supporting surface is obliquely arranged relative to the first blade supporting surface. The first blade supporting surface contacts the outer portion of the blade positioning the outer edge against the grinding wheel. The method includes moving the blade in a direction so that the outer edge of the blade moves past the grinding wheel with the blade moving off of the first upwardly facing blade supporting surface and onto the second upwardly facing blade supporting surface thereby positioning the obliquely arranged second cutting edge adjacent and against the grinding wheel. Further movement of the blade moves the second cutting edge past the grinding wheel until the blade is positioned again atop the first upwardly facing blade supporting surface thereby positioning a third cutting edge adjacent the grinding wheel.

1. Field of the Invention
This is invention is in the field of devices for use in grinding blades.
2. Description of the Prior Art
It is the practice when sharpening a metal blade to move the blade past a rotary grinding wheel. For example, a lawn mower blade includes a pair of cutting edges located on the opposite sides and ends of the blade. A standard blade grinder includes a rotatably driven grinding wheel with a platform provided adjacent to the wheel to support the lawn mower blade as the blade is pushed past and against the grinding wheel.
Many blades include a plurality of cutting edges all of which are not located in the same plane. For example, a mulching blade used on a rotary lawn mower may include two or more cutting edges located at each end of the mulching blade. One such blade includes three cutting edges at each blade end with one cutting edge located between and obliquely arranged relative to the other two cutting edges. The bevel width or cutting angle of each cutting edge should be approximately the same. As a result, it is quite difficult to sharpen or grind each separate cutting edge. Typically, the work support surface and grinding wheel remain fixed necessitating the operator to hold the blade at a different angle relative to the grinding wheel for sharpening each edge. Disclosed herein is a platform for automatically positioning the particular cutting edge to be sharpened relative to the grinding wheel as the blade is moved against and past the wheel. The platform may be originally built into the grinding apparatus or may be added to an existing grinding apparatus.

Mulcher blade grinder and method thereof


Disclosed is a control system for a variable frequency generator including a main stator winding for providing a generator output, excited by a main rotor winding, and a main exciter rotor winding for energizing the main rotor winding, excited by a main exciter field winding. The control system includes: a plurality of inputs adapted to receive respective signals corresponding to respective generator operating parameters; an output adapted to drive the main exciter field winding; and a plurality of negative feedback loops between the output and the inputs. Each loop includes a respective stability compensation network operable to process a feedback signal corresponding to one of the generator operating parameters.

The present invention relates to a control system for a variable frequency generator. Such a system may be used with an aircraft generator driven, for example, by a gas turbine engine.
A known type of generator for use with an aero-engine is disclosed in GB 1 596 291. The generator comprises three stages, each of which has a rotor and a stator with the rotors being attached to a common drive shaft. The first stage or pilot exciter comprises a permanent magnet generator having a permanent magnet rotor co-operating with three phase stator windings. The stator windings are connected via a rectifier and voltage regulator to the main exciter winding forming the stator of the main exciter. The rotor of the main exciter comprises three phase windings which are connected via a rectifier to a rotor winding of the main generator stage, which has three phase stator windings connected to the generator output. This arrangement is also applicable to variable frequency machines and DC output machines where the main generator stator winding is connected via a rectifier to give a DC generator output.
The output voltage of the generator is regulated by comparing the output voltage with a reference and controlling the voltage regulator in order to control the main exciter field. The generator must be designed to maintain the nominal output voltage for the full electrical load throughout the operating speed range which may typically be 380 to 780 Hz.
A particular problem experienced in the operation of generators of the above-mentioned type driven at variable speed, is the maintenance of stability of control systems which are provided to facilitate maintaining the transient and steady state voltages within permissible levels as the load and the drive speed varies. A known control system of this type has been used to regulate generator operating parameters relating to average generator output voltage, high phase take-over and generator output current. Signals corresponding to each of these parameters are passed through a highest wins circuit, and the winning signal is subject to stability compensation. Stability compensation is provided by a negative feedback signal from the output of the main exciter field drive, the signal being fed back through a stability compensation circuit.
In accordance with the invention, there is provided a control system for a variable frequency generator of the type comprising a main stator winding for providing a generator output, excited by a main rotor winding, and a main exciter rotor winding for energising the main rotor winding, excited by a main exciter field winding, the control system comprising: a plurality of inputs adapted to receive respective signals corresponding to respective generator operating parameters; an output adapted to drive the main exciter field winding and a plurality of negative feedback loops between the control system output and the inputs, each loop including a respective stability compensation network operable to process a feedback signal corresponding to one of said operating parameters. This facilitates appropriate tailoring of the stability compensation network characteristics to process each type of signal in an optimal manner.
An operating characteristic of at least one of the stability compensation networks may be adaptively controllable in accordance with a present operating frequency of the generator.
Conveniently, the or each of the adaptively controllable networks may be adaptively controllable in accordance with a predetermined frequency range in which the present operating frequency falls.
The control system may include sensing means operable to sense a plurality of generator operating parameters and to provide to the respective inputs respective signals corresponding to the operating parameters.
The sensing means may be operable to provide signals representing average generator output voltage and/or high phase take-over and/or generator output current.
At least one of the networks may include a switch operable by a frequency dependent input signal. The arrangement may be such that, in use, one of said signals corresponding to a generator operating parameter is directed along a first route through the network until the switch is operated so as to cause the signal to be redirected along a different route through the network. In this manner, the signal corresponding to a generator operating parameter can be caused to pass through a selected arrangement of network components appropriate for providing a desired level of stability compensation in accordance with the present operating frequency. Improved stability control is thereby facilitated across a range of operating frequencies.
The, or each switch may be arranged to operate at a respective predetermined operating frequency.
Each said network may be provided with a respective said switch, the switches being arranged to operate at a common predetermined operating frequency.
The control system may be operable to provide signals respectively corresponding to the average voltage of each phase of the generator output and to provide to one of said control system inputs a high phase take-over signal corresponding to the highest of the sensed average voltages. This is advantageous over the use of a peak voltage sensing circuit for HPT regulation, as described for example in GB-A-2293704, since the discharge rate of a peak sensing circuit can give different values of ripple on the sensed voltage at different frequencies causing changing levels of regulated voltage as the load increases. Also, variations in the peak to RMS ratio of the generator output waveform can occur over the full load and power factor range in a variable frequency control system, and the regulation level is required to remain constant under different operating conditions. Regulators operating on peak sensing give varying RMS levels of regulation as the ratio varies.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a control system for a variable frequency generator of the type comprising a main stator winding for providing a generator output, excited by a main rotor winding, and a main exciter rotor winding for energising the main rotor winding, excited by a main exciter field winding, the control system comprising an input adapted to receive a signal corresponding to a generator operating parameter; an output adapted to drive the main exciter field winding and a negative feedback loop between the control system output and the input, the loop including a stability compensation network operable to process the signal, an operating characteristic of the stability compensation network being adaptively controllable in accordance with a present operating frequency of the generator.

Control system for variable frequency generator


The present invention provides a flexible film antenna. The flexible film antenna includes a radiating element comprising a conductive trace on a flexible film. Flexible film is mounted on a core. The core comprises at least two parts that are releasably coupled together in snap or sliding relation. A feed post extends out a base of the core to connect to a power feed. Finally, a protective housing can be molded over the antenna.

Cellular telephone, PDA, and other wireless devices send and receive data using radio frequency ("RF") transmissions. The RF transmissions are sent and received through an antenna. One currently useful antennal is a flex film antenna, which are commonly used in the art.
Conventionally, flex film antennas are constructed using one of two ways. The first methodology involves a snap together antenna. The second methodology involves an overmolded single core. Neither of these designs is satisfactory. Using these designs, the following and other problems still exist with flex film antennas:                A single piece core component is required in existing simplified overmolded flex film antenna designs to facilitate the plastic molding process. This design excludes the internal volume of core component as a possible location for the flex film radiator element.        Existing overmolded flex film antenna radiators antenna systems have a limited usable radiator surface typically limited to the radial surface area of the single piece core component.        The electrical connection of the flex film to the metallic threaded connector (radio interface) on existing designs use solder or axial compression. Soldering is expensive and introduces variation in the amount of solder deposited, thus variation in antenna performance from antenna to antenna. Axial compression interface (used on "snap together" designs) relies on a component of the antenna to apply compressive load to the flex film. This component is typically the outer sheath that is susceptible to the external environment and possible damage from drop. Additionally the sheath is typically a polymer which overtime will lose its material properties as it is under constant tensile load in these designs. As the sheath weakens, the compressive load diminishes thus increasing the likelihood of intermittent flex film to metallic connector electrical connection.        Flex film tears easily when a load is applied to the material. A unique assembly interface is needed to accomplish a consistent interface and a manufacturable design.
Thus, it would be desirous to develop a flex film antenna that addressed these and other problems.

Multi piece puzzle-lock antenna using flex film radiator


The present disclosure relates to a method for locating a service, to be performed in a device belonging to a network of communication devices. According to an embodiment, the method includes checking an availability of the service on the network, when the service is not available on the network, obtaining an installation requirement representative of a capacity required from a candidate device for an installation of the service on the candidate device, sending the obtained installation requirement on the network, receiving an indication of a compliance, of a candidate device of the network, to the installation requirement, sending an order of installation of the service to the candidate device according to the indication of compliance. The present disclosure relates to corresponding proposing method, devices, system, computer readable program products and computer readable storage mediums.

Network communication end-devices, for instance smartphones, tablets, personal computers, connected watches, or peripherals like printers, have become widely used nowadays. They can exchange data with other communication devices inside a network, for instance a wireless local area network (WLAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN).
The number of electronic devices comprised in a home environment is increasing significantly. Furthermore, communication end-devices offer more and more features to a user. These features often require complex calculation or large collection of data. As a consequence, the software applications used for monitoring these devices are becoming more complex and are built upon numerous software services (like text to speech or speech to text services, facial recognition, instantaneous translation, and others). These software services are themselves often very intensive in terms of CPU use, memory, reaction time, and can require particular operating conditions to be filled. For instance a particular operating system can sometimes be needed in order to execute a service.
However, not all communication devices in a home environment are very powerful. The home environment often comprises small and cheap devices. Thus, all the needed resources may not be always available on a single device (notably when the device is a simple and cheap device).
A solution to these drawbacks, for running a software application in a non-powerful device, is the use of web services, located on a distant server and called by the software application, instead of using locally located services. However, this solution introduces new drawbacks. Notably, the user has often no control over the server. In particular, the access to the service offered by the distant server may involve the communication of sensitive data to the distant server (like bank account, identification or authentication data, and so on). The user has no guarantee about the way those sensitive data will be exploited, especially by those that should not have access to this data in the first instance.
One other drawback of such a solution is that when the server is accessed by many software applications, its response time may be very long.
So, there's a need to provide a solution that improves, compared to prior art solutions, the experience of a user of a communication device when a software application is executed on the communication device in a home environment.

Method for locating a service and method for proposing a service and corresponding communication network devices, system, computer readable program products and computer readable storage mediums


A laser target reflector assembly for mounting upon spacecraft having a long-range reflector array formed from a plurality of unfiltered light reflectors embedded in an array pattern upon a hemispherical reflector disposed upon a mounting plate. The reflector assembly also includes a short-range reflector array positioned upon the mounting body proximate to the long-range reflector array. The short-range reflector array includes three filtered light reflectors positioned upon extensions from the mounting body. The three filtered light reflectors retro-reflect substantially all incident light rays that are transmissive by their monochromatic filters and received by the three filtered light reflectors. In one embodiment the short-range reflector array is embedded within the hemispherical reflector.

The present invention relates generally to targets for light detection and ranging ("LIDAR") systems. More particularly, this invention pertains to laser targets for laser guidance sensors used in rendezvous, docking and station keeping of mobile vehicles such as spacecraft. Even more particularly, this invention pertains to short range and long range laser targets used with advanced video guidance sensors ("AVGS") employed in rendezvousing, docking and station keeping of mobile vehicles, such as spacecraft.
One AVGS known in the prior art enables a chase (active) vehicle and a target (passive) vehicle to rendezvous and dock with only the automatic piloting of the chase vehicle. When the AVGS operates in a 'range and bearing' mode, the AVGS on the chase vehicle searches for and illuminates two hemispherical long range laser targets attached to the target vehicle. The AVGS then detects the resulting reflected laser light and determines a range and bearing from the chase vehicle to the target vehicle.
When controlling docking or short range station keeping maneuvers, the AVGS shifts to tracking a separate three-point reflective docking target (short range docking target) mounted to the target vehicle. This short range docking target may be mounted away from the long range hemispherical laser target. A visual tracking sensor, such as a monochrome video camera, on the chase vehicle is used to detect the returns of the various laser targets and produce a video image of the detections. Software driven differential imaging techniques are used in determining the relative position and attitude of the vehicles.
Current reflector art used with the AVGS teach separate long range and short range arrays. Where this art is practiced on spacecraft such as the International Space Station ("ISS"), the need for multiple laser targets contributes to the potential confusion of laser targeting sensors such as the AVGS. The AVGS must 'swap' targeted arrays when handing off between long range and short range arrays. This requires searching for the short range sensor in an area of the processed detection image that is different than the area already identified as containing the reflections of the long range array. Also, additional hemispherical reflectors are needed for rangefinder style proximity sensors used for approaching and maneuvering around the ISS. These multiple reflectors arrays result in: additional sensor confusion; greater expenditures to design, build, transport and mount such arrays on the ISS; a greater number of astronaut extravehicular activities ("EVA" or 'space walk'). For spacecraft not yet in orbit, this approach of using multiple reflectors arrays results in: more spacecraft surface area dedicated to the mounting the reflector arrays; greater spacecraft weight and greater spacecraft cost.
What is needed then, is a novel reflector assembly that can support rangefinders, AVGS long range tracking, and AVGS short range tracking from the beginning of a long range rendezvous approach through to final spacecraft docking.
Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in, or apparent from, the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention.

Short-range/long-range integrated target (SLIT) for video guidance sensor rendezvous and docking

The United States of America as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration


A method and apparatus for capturing and using design intent within an IC fabrication process. The design intent information is produced along with the design release by a design company. The design release and design intent information are coupled to an IC manufacturing facility where the design release is used for producing the layout of the integrated circuit and the design intent information is coupled to the equipment, especially the metrology equipment, within the IC manufacturing facility. As such, the design intent information can be used to optimize processing during IC fabrication to achieve optimization of the critical characteristics intended by the designer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to integrated circuit (IC) fabrication processes and techniques. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for capturing and using design intent in an IC fabrication process.
2. Description of the Related Art
Modern integrated circuit (IC) design and fabrication processes are complex and require the input of many entities. Generally design companies prepare integrated circuit designs that are then released to an IC manufacturing facility that uses integrated circuit fabrication equipment in a manner defined by the design release to fabricate the integrated circuit. In many instances the design release, although it captures the specific layout of the integrated circuit, does not capture the design intent of the designer. This is because design intent may encompass a variety of parameters beyond merely the physical layout of circuit elements; for example, design intent can include guidelines drawn to criteria such as circuit yield, speed and power consumption, timing closure, among others. Thus, even if the physical layout of circuit elements appears to translate correctly from design to fabrication, this does not necessarily confirm that the fabricated IC embodies all parameters of the designer's intent. As such, critical aspects of the integrated circuit that were considered by the designer are not tested nor considered as critical by the IC manufacturing facility during IC fabrication. Consequently, the IC may not operate as intended by the designers.
FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of an IC fabrication process. The process 100 is divided into a circuit design phase 102 and a circuit fabrication phase 104. Equipment 106 is provided to the circuit fabrication phase 104 to facilitate fabrication of the IC. In the circuit design phase 102, the design company 108 utilizes electronic design automation (EDA) tools 110 and component macro modules 112 to design the integrated circuit. The EDA tools rely on technical files 114 and the component macro modules 112 rely on technical files 116. The component macro modules 112 comprise a plurality of macros, where each macro defines a particular type of integrated circuit such as static random access memory, memory management unit (MMU), and other standard logic circuitry. The technical files 114 or 116 that are used to support the design are augmented with circuit and transistor models and model parameters that are supplied by the IC manufacturing facility 122. The models are developed and tested using transformations that ensure that the physical device will theoretically have the desired electrical characteristics. These models are generated using physics derivations and empirical analysis to correlate a measurable, physical feature to a design or performance requirement. One such model type for modeling transistors is a SPICE model. Other models may be used for modeling photolithography, interconnect structures and the like. The facility 122 supplies this information such that macros are developed to be optimized for a particular facility's equipment. As such, the component macros are developed and supplied to the design companies without charge. The macro developers are not paid directly for their component macros, but are paid on a royalty basis as each integrated circuit that uses the macro is produced by the IC manufacturing facility. Alternatively, access fees are charged for the component macros.
The ultimate design release is a layout that utilizes a plurality of component macros and other logic that interconnect the components to form an integrated circuit. The design release is sent to the IC manufacturing facility 122 along path 120.
The IC manufacturing facility 122 comprises EDA tools 124 that use the design release to produce masks for fabricating the integrated circuit and a wafer fabrication center 126 that uses the masks and the equipment supplied by the equipment manufacturer 130 along path 128 to fabricate the integrated circuit. Alternatively, the EDA tools 124 may be used in a separate facility from the IC manufacturing facility. The equipment manufacturer 130 supplies fabrication tools 132, methods 134 of using the tools 132, and various metrology equipment 136 that are used together for fabricating and testing wafers and circuits. The test results can be used to optimize the integrated circuit fabrication process performed by the tools 132.
The IC manufacturing facility 122 uses the equipment supplied on path 128 to fabricate masks and ultimately to fabricate the integrated circuit.
As mentioned above, various transistor models and parasitic capacitance models and model parameters are supplied from the IC manufacturing facility 122 to the circuit design phase 102 as components of the technical files 114, 116. Such feedback of the models and model parameters enables the design company to produce transistor designs that can be fabricated by the IC manufacturing facility 122.
The integrated circuits produced by the IC manufacturing facility should meet the design specifications that the design company was striving to achieve in the design release. However, the IC design assumes the IC dimensions are absolute and invariant, while the physical characteristics of an integrated circuit are generally statistical in nature such that the design company never achieves the exact physical characteristics that had been designed. The statistical nature of the physical characteristics (e.g., the layout) will result in a statistical variation in the electrical characteristics of the integrated circuit. Furthermore, the design company may have had critical characteristics (e.g., critical regions or critical pathways) around which the integrated circuit was designed and the manufacturing facility does not know of, nor consider, these critical characteristics when fabricating the IC. Consequently, the IC manufacturing facility ultimately produces an integrated circuit that is not optimized for these critical characteristics.
Therefore, there is a need in the art to capture and use the design intent of a designer such that the integrated circuit produced by a foundry is optimized using the design intent.

Method and apparatus for capturing and using design intent in an integrated circuit fabrication process


Fibroblast growth in a healing wound, and the consequent formation of scar tissue, may be inhibited by application of a macrophage monokine product, the macrophage monokine having a molecular weight of no more than about 10,000 Dalton. The macrophage monokine appears to be generally effective across species of mammals, and also exhibits the characteristic of stimulating hair growth on skin cells to which it is applied.

This present invention relates to a new therapeutic product which has been found to inhibit fibroblast growth in a healing wound or the like, which has the effect of suppressing scar formation in the healing wound, whether surgically or accidentally formed. Additionally, it has been found that the same therapeutic product has a tendency to stimulate hair growth when applied to skin cells, which may be of value with respect to the healing of scalp injuries, or it may be used for the stimulation of hair growth per se without the presence of an injury.
In the prior art, there are various techniques which have been used in attempts to minimize scarring during the healing of the wound, whether the wound is an accidental wound or a surgically created incision. Corticosteroids have been used topically and systemically as anti-inflammatory agents, and to prevent keloid formation. However, the use of corticosteroids to minimize scarring can have significant disadvantages. Itching, dryness, secondary infection and skin atrophy can occur. Also, systemic absorption is possible, leading to additional adverse effects such as impaired wound healing, fragile skin, bruising, ecchymoses and subcutaneous fat atrophy. Other adverse effects may result from particularly the systemic dosage of corticosteroids which are well known, including adverse affects on the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system.
Another technique for minimizing scarring is the use of surgical staples, but they are not practical for the use in cosmetic surgery requiring small incisions. Furthermore, the application of surgical staples, or the suturing that goes with plastic surgery, is a highly skilled procedure.
In accordance with this invention, a new anti-scarring therapeutic product has been discovered which, as stated, has the added characteristic of stimulating the growth of hair at least in some circumstances. The anti-scarring agent of this invention may be applied topically, or it may be administrated in other desired ways such as by localized injection in the vicinity of a wound.
Without wishing to be limited to any one theoretical explanation for the action of the therapeutic product of this invention, it appears to suppress the multiplication of fibroblasts in a healing wound, with the consequential .result that the formation of scar tissue in the healing wound is suppressed.

Method for decreasing the formation of scar tissue using a purified mammalian monokine product

The Curators of the University of Missouri


The invention provides a sealant film that is less likely to adsorb components formed of various types of organic compounds, has excellent heat sealing characteristics at 140° C., while having low heat sealing strength at 100° C. and being less likely for heat sealing layers to adhere to each other even when the film is used as a packaging bag and the content thereof is warmed in boiling water. The sealant film has at least one heat sealing layer consisting of a polyester component, wherein a heat sealing strength of the heat sealing layer being heat sealed to another heat sealing layer at 100° C. and 0.2 MPa for 2 seconds is 0-5 N/15 mm and at 140° C. and 0.2 MPa for 2 seconds is 8-30 N/15 mm, and a film density including all layers is 1.20 or more and less than 1.39.

Conventionally, sealant films are used as packaging materials for many articles on the market represented by foods, pharmaceuticals, and industrial products. The innermost layer of a packaging material constituting a packaging bag, a lid member, or the like, is provided with a sealant layer made of a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, an ionomer, or a copolymer resin such as EMMA which exhibits high sealing strength. These resins are known to be capable of achieving high adhesion strength through heat sealing.
However, an undrawn sealant film made of a polyolefin resin as described in Patent Document 1 easily adsorbs a component made of organic compounds such as fat or oil and flavor material, and accordingly, a packaging material using a sealant film as the innermost layer, namely, a layer to be brought into contact with content, has a disadvantage that the aroma or taste of the content is easily changed. In a case where a sealant layer made of a polyolefin resin is used as the innermost layer of a packaging bag for a chemical product, a pharmaceutical, a food, or the like, it is necessary to take such a measure to include a larger amount of active ingredient of content beforehand, and thus, a sealant layer made of a polyolefin resin is not suitable for the use, in many cases.
On the other hand, a sealant film made of a polyacrylonitrile resin as described in Patent Document 2 has the feature of being less liable to adsorb an organic compound contained in a chemical product, a pharmaceutical, food, or the like. However, a polyacrylonitrile film sometimes fails to obtain good sealing strength because the film has poor heat sealing at 140° C.
In view of such problems, Patent Document 3 discloses a polyester film for sealant use with non-adsorptivity against organic compounds. However, high heat sealing strength at 100° C. of the polyester film of Patent Document 3 facilitates the innermost layer to stick to each other which resulted in a problem that a packing bag made of the polyester film has difficulty opening the bag when the content of the bag is warmed with hot water.
Besides, the applicant of the present application has disclosed in Patent Document 4 a polyester film having a non-adsorbing property for an organic compound used for a sealant. However, in recent years, the speed of automatic filling packaging has been increased to increase productivity, but it has been found that the polyester film of Patent Document 4 cannot adapt to high-speed automatic filling and packaging. The high-speed automatic filling packaging has a short heating time resulted in rising the temperature of the sealant film to only around 120° C. even if the temperature of the heat seal bar is set to 140° C. However, the polyester film of Patent Document 4 has insufficient heat sealing strength at 120° C., which resulted in a problem that the sealed portion of the film has peeled off after heat sealing processing.

Low adsorption sealant film, laminated body, and packaging bag


A semiconductor resistor, method of making the resistor and method of making an IC including resistors. Buried wells are formed in the silicon substrate of a silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer. At least one trench is formed in the buried wells. Resistors are formed along the sidewalls of the trench and, where multiple trenches form pillars, in the pillars between the trenches by doping the sidewalls with an angled implant. Resistor contacts are formed to the buried well at opposite ends of the trenches and pillars, if any.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is related to on-chip resistors for Integrated Circuit (IC) chips and more particularly to on-chip discrete resistors in Ultra-Thin SOI (UTSOI) ICs.
2. Background Description
Integrated Circuits (ICs) are commonly made in the well-known complementary insulated gate Field Effect Transistor (FET) technology known as CMOS. Typical high performance ICs include CMOS devices (FETs) formed in a number of stacked layers (e.g., wiring, via, gate and gate dielectric) on a surface semiconductor (silicon) layer of a Silicon On Insulator (SOI) chip or wafer. CMOS technology and chip manufacturing advances have resulted in a steady decrease of chip feature size to increase on-chip circuit switching frequency (circuit performance) and the number of transistors (circuit density). In what is typically referred to as scaling, device or FET features are reduced to shrink corresponding device minimum dimensions, including both horizontal dimensions (e.g., minimum channel length) and vertical dimensions, e.g., channel layer depth, gate dielectric thickness, junction depths and etc. Shrinking device size increases device density and improves circuit performance (both from increased device drive capability and decreased capacitive load). Scaling also entails thinning the surface device layer to control device threshold roll off. Especially in Ultra-Thin SOI (UTSOI), thinning the surface device layer has resulted in devices with fully-depleted bodies (i.e., in what is known as Fully-Depleted SOI or FD-SOI). Scaled FD-SOI devices can have substantially higher series resistance, as well as substantially higher capacitance in some aspects.
Frequently, a circuit requires a fixed resistance. Doped semiconductor, typically, has a relatively well-defined sheet resistance (ρ). The sheet resistance of a particular layer is given as a number of ohms per square (Ω/) that depends upon dopant concentration and layer depth. So, normally, CMOS resistors are formed by defining doped region in a chip surface or surface layer, e.g., a doped rectangle in the silicon surface layer of a SOI chip with contacts at opposite ends. The resistance for such a resistor can be determined by dividing the distance between the contacts (length) by the other rectangle dimension (width) to arrive at the number of squares and multiplying that number by the sheet resistance. Unfortunately, with the thinner layers in UTSOI, sheet resistance varies with electrical field in doped semiconductors, whether doped polysilicon or doped surface layer.
While for thicker surface layers this variation had been neglectable, UTSOI surface layers may be so thin and the sheet resistance may be so high, that a voltage on an adjacent conducting layer fully depletes the surface layer shape intended to act as resistor. Thus, although a doped silicon structure may be a planar resistor by design, it may be voltage varying or naturally free of mobile charge due to low dopant charge and surrounding built-in fields. This is because the front or top gate workfunction (from overlying structures) and the back gate (substrate) workfunction, the thinness of the channel, and the dopant limits on the thin resistor body channel, may combine to fully deplete the channel (resistor body under the gate) of mobile charge. So, the workfunction of adjacent structures to a planar resistor creates electric fields such that the planar resistor is fully-depleted even under normal bias conditions and, therefore, very high resistance.
Consequently, depending upon placement with other circuit shapes such a doped silicon shape may have a time varying (and unpredictable) resistance and under some circumstances (e.g., a doped silicon surface layer shape that is biased by adjacent bulk silicon), be so high as to act as an open circuit. Moreover, the above mentioned combination of dopant solid solubility limits and low volume may result in unusably high resistance even in moderately to highly doped regions of the UTSOI surface layer.
Thus, there is a need for well behaved on-chip resistors in UTSOI with well-defined resistance that is not voltage or time varying.

International Business Machines Corporation


A method including determining a combined data set including query data files that are to be classified, clean data files that are known to be free of malware, and malicious data files that are known to include malware; calculating respective compression functions for each of the query data files, each of the clean data files, and each of the malicious data files; individually comparing each respective compression function with each other respective compression function to determine degrees of similarity between contents included in the data files; determining a plurality of clusters based on the degrees of similarity between contents included in the data files; and classifying each query data file as a file that is likely free of malware or as a file that likely includes malware based on analyzing the combination of the query data files, the clean data files, and the malicious data files in each cluster.

A data file may include a computer resource for recording data in a computer storage device, primarily identified by a file name. The data file may typically be organized in a file system, which may track the file location on the computer storage device and may enable user access. Different types of data files may be designed for different purposes. A data file may be designed to store data of a wide variety of data types. Certain data files may store multiple data types in a single file. A data file may be shared with and/or transferred by communicating the data file between computers over a network (e.g., Internet), by utilizing data cables, copying and moving the data file by utilizing. By way of one or more computer programs, the data file may be opened, read, changed, saved, and/or closed. Generally, the data file may be reopened, modified, and/or copied an arbitrary number of times.


A mobile computing system for providing a high-security execution environment is provided. The mobile computing system separates execution environments in the same mobile device on the basis of virtualization technology and manages user-specific execution environments using the same hardware security module, thereby facilitating protection of personal privacy.

1. Field
The following description relates to mobile computing technology, and more particularly, to a mobile computing system for providing a high-security execution environment.
2. Description of the Related Art
Mobile devices have been personally used by their owners, but the frequency of use of high-performance mobile devices including smart phones by third persons such as family members, friends, and colleagues other than the owners is also increasing recently.
For example, in a home, young children enjoy several types of entertainment such as games, photography, and music using smart phones of their parents, and thus the frequency of use of mobile devices by third persons is increasing.
Here, when a third person uses a mobile device and returns it to its owner, unexpected problems may occur and trouble the owner with a change in an execution environment, unlike when the owner lends the mobile device to the third person, as well as a change or partial deletion of a basic environment, a setting, etc. of the mobile device such as deletion of a phone number or a message.
In addition, when a third person uses a mobile device of an owner, the third person can know the owner's call history, message contents, messenger contents, current social network state, etc., and thus the problem of personal privacy exposure may exist. When a third person uses a mobile device out of malice, important data including personal information may leak out, and also greater damage including monetary damage may occur.
Thus, the present inventor has researched a technique for readily protecting personal privacy by separating execution environments in the same mobile device on the basis of virtualization technology and managing user-specific execution environments using the same hardware security module.

Mobile computing system for providing high-security execution environment

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute


A method to reconstruct an image by utilizing a plurality of projection data items acquired with X-rays that pass through the same pixel location in the same scan field while being transmitted along different paths with a scanner gantry set at the same view angle or an opposite view angle. A helical scan is performed in order to acquire projection data. Two or more projection data items acquired with X-rays that pass through a pixel location Q in the scan field while being transmitted along different paths with the scanner gantry set at the same view angle are synthesized in order to produce reconstruction projection data. A CT image is reconstructed based on the reconstruction projection data.

The present invention relates to an X-ray computed tomography (CT) image production method and an X-ray CT system. More particularly, the present invention is concerned with an X-ray CT image production method and an X-ray CT system that reconstruct an image by utilizing a plurality of projection data items acquired with X-rays which pass through the same pixel location in the same scan field while being transmitted along different paths with a scanner gantry set at the same view angle or an opposite view angle.
Conventionally, X-ray CT systems are known (refer to, for example, Patent Document 1) to be such that: projection data is acquired while an X-ray tube and a multi-channel detector are rotated about a subject and a tabletop on which the subject lies down is rectilinearly moved; projection data items acquired with X-rays that pass through a pixel location in a scan field are sampled in order to produce a data set that is used to reconstruct a CT image expressing the scan field; and a CT image is then reconstructed based on the data set.
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2003-159244.
When a helical scan is performed using a multi-channel detector, a plurality of projection data items is acquired using X-rays that pass through the same pixel location in the same scan field while being transmitted along different paths with a scanner gantry set at the same view angle.
However, the conventional X-ray CT system does not utilize the plurality of projection data items but samples one projection data instead of projection data items that are acquired with the scanner gantry set at a certain view angle, and uses the sampled projection data to reconstruct an image.

X-ray CT image production method and X-ray CT system

GE Medical Systems Global Technology Company, LLC


The present invention relates to a heparin fraction comprising constituents having molecular weights of from about 2,000 to about 4,000 daltons, wherein from about 1% to about 100% of hydroxyl residues of the constituents are oxidized. The present invention also relates to methods of inhibiting angiogenesis and treating an angiogenesis-mediated disorder in a subject by administering a heparin fraction comprising constituents having molecular weights of from about 2,000 to about 30,000 daltons, wherein from about 1% to about 100% of hydroxyl residues of the constituents are oxidized. Another aspect of the present invention relates to compositions including the heparin fractions of the present invention.

Heparin is sulfate-containing polysaccharide which on a large scale is isolated from intestinal mucus from swine or lung from cattle. The average molecular weight for standard bovine heparin is more than 9,000 daltons and for standard porcine heparin more than 12,000 daltons. Traditionally, the clinical use of heparin has been associated with its anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties (Jorpes, Heparin in Treatment of Thrombosis, 2nd Ed. Oxford Medical Publications (1946)). Although the exact mechanism for heparin's antithrombotic properties is not known, it is believed to act by binding to antithrombin III. The heparin-antithrombin III complex inhibits the activity of numerous enzymes in the clotting cascade, including factors II (thrombin), IX/IXa, X/Xa, XI/XIa, and XIII (Carter et al., Ann. Pharmacotherapy, 27:1223-30 (1993); Buckley et al., Drugs, 44:465-97 (1992)). In addition, heparin induces release of other endogenous antithrombotic substances, such as tissue factor pathway inhibitor and tissue plasminogen activator. Heparin has also been found to accelerate coronary collateral development in dogs (Fujita et al., Japanese Circulation Journal, 51: 395-402 (1987)) and to improve collateral circulation in patients with effort angina (Fujita et al., Circulation, 77:1022-1029 (1988)). Other effects such as the "anti-complementary power of heparin" recognized by Ecker et al. in J. Infect. Dis. 44:250-253 (1929) and the finding by Clowes et al. in Nature 265:625-626 (1977) that heparin infusion following experimental injury suppressed the proliferation of smooth muscle cells, have not led to any widespread use of heparin for the treatment of diseases related to inflammation or to arteriosclerosis, which are associated with complement activation and smooth muscle cell proliferation respectively. The risk of hemorrhage is considered to be the main limitation for the clinical use of heparin in non-antithrombotic indications.
Angiogenesis is the development of new blood vessels from preexisting blood vessels (Mousa, In: Angiogenesis Inhibitors and Stimulators: Potential Therapeutic Implications, Landes Bioscience, Georgetown, Tex.; Chapter 1 (2000)). Physiologically, angiogenesis ensures proper development of mature organisms, prepares the womb for egg implantation, and plays a key role in wound healing. On the other hand, angiogenesis supports the pathological conditions associated with a number of disease states such as cancer, inflammation, and ocular diseases.
The development of vascular networks during embryogenesis or normal and pathological angiogenesis depends on growth factors and cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix (Breier et al., Trends in Cell Biology 6:454-456 (1996); Folkman, Nature Medicine 1:27-31 (1995); Risau, Nature 386:671-674 (1997)). Blood vessels arise during embryogenesis by two processes: vasculogenesis and angiogenesis (Blood et al., Bioch. Biophys. Acta 1032:89-118 (1990)). Vascular endothelial growth factor ("VEGF"), basic fibroblast growth factor ("bFGF" or "FGF2"), interleukin 8 ("IL-8") and tumor necrosis factor alpha ("TNF-α") are some of the growth factors that play a role in pathological angiogenesis associated with solid tumors, diabetic retinopathy, and rheumatoid arthritis (Folkman et al., Science 235:442-447 (1987)). Angiogenesis is generally absent in adult or mature tissues, although it does occur in wound healing and in embryogenesis (Moses et al., Science 248:1408-1410 (1990)).
Angiogenesis or "neovascularization" is a multi-step process controlled by the balance of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. The latter stages of this process involve proliferation and the organization of endothelial cells (EC) into tube-like structures. Growth factors such as FGF2 and VEGF are thought to be key players in promoting endothelial cell growth and differentiation. The endothelial cell is the pivotal component of the angiogenic process and responds to many cytokines through its cell surface receptors and intracellular signaling mechanisms. Endothelial cells in culture are capable of forming tube-like structures that possess lumens. Therefore, endothelial cells are not only a prerequisite for neovascularization, but appear to be the basal structural requirement as well.
It has been proposed that inhibition of angiogenesis would be a useful therapy for restricting tumor growth Inhibition of angiogenesis can be achieved by inhibiting endothelial cell response to angiogenic stimuli as suggested by Folkman et al., Cancer Biology 3:89-96 (1992), where examples of endothelial cell response inhibitors such as angiostatic steroids, fungal derived products such fumagilin, platelet factor 4, thrombospondin, alpha-interferon, vitamin D analogs, and D-penicillamine are described. For additional proposed inhibitors of angiogenesis, see Blood et al., Bioch. Biophys. Acta 1032:89-118 (1990), Moses et al., Science 248:1408-1410 (1990), and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,092,885, 5,112,946, 5,192,744, and 5,202,352.
Native heparin or heparin fractions have also been proposed for use in the inhibition of angiogenesis. However, such use has not been widely accepted due to the high anticoagulant activity of such native heparin and heparin fractions. In particular, as described above, the risk of bleeding complications is considered to be the main limitation for the clinical use of heparin in non-antithrombotic indications.
The present invention is directed to overcoming these and other deficiencies in the art.

Oxidized heparin fractions and their use in inhibiting angiogenesis


The present application relates to a nonsymmetric freeform surface optical system including a primary reflecting mirror, a secondary reflecting mirror, and a tertiary reflecting mirror. A light beam from an object is reflected on the primary reflecting mirror to form a first reflected light beam, the first reflected light beam irradiates the secondary reflecting mirror and is reflected to form a second reflected light beam, the second reflected light beam irradiates the third reflecting mirror and is reflected to form a third reflected light beam, and the third reflected light beam reaches an image surface to form an image. The nonsymmetric freeform surface optical system has no rotational symmetry and no meridional symmetry.

The coaxial optical system and off-axis meridian symmetric optical system are currently the main design objects in the field of optical technology, and there are now mature products and design methods. The coaxial optical system and the off-axis meridian symmetric optical system can meet most of the requirements in the imaging field. However, for some occasions where space is limited or the shape of the space is limited, sufficient space cannot be allocated to the coaxial optical system. In addition, the coaxial reflection system also has defects, such as a central obstruction, a usable central field of view with good image quality is small. The common way to solve the above two deficiencies is to use an off-axis system. Furthermore, if the space for accommodating the optical system is limited and the shape of the space is not symmetrical, it is difficult to fit the common coaxial optical system and off-axis meridian optical system into the space.
Therefore, how to improve the design freedom of optical systems, and how to design a new optical system to make full use of the limited physical space, are urgent problems in the field of optical technology.
Therefore, there is room for improvement in the art.

Nonsymmetric freeform surface optical system


In an apparatus for making plastic bags or the like from a continuous film of material comprising a sealing drum having at least one seal bar for imparting transverse seals to the film at regularly spaced intervals and a perforator having a rotatable perforator blade for imparting transverse perforations to the film at regularly spaced intervals, the film comprising print marks appearing thereon at regularly spaced intervals, an apparatus and method are disclosed for tracking the positions of each print mark and each perforation and comparing the difference between these positions to a desired difference and thereafter adjusting the angular position of the perforator blade until the difference between the positions of each print mark and each perforation is equal to the desired difference to thereby maintain a desired spacing between each print mark and each perforation.

1 . Field of the Invention
This invention relates to machines for making plastic bags or the like from a continuous web of material and, more specifically, to machines comprising a radially adjustable sealing drum and means for adjusting the sealing drum to maintain a desired spacing between the seals imparted to the web by the sealing drum and any preprinted matter appearing on the web. More particularly, the invention relates to a machine which further comprises means for perforating the web to enable individual bags to be subsequently separated from the film and means for automatically maintaining a desired spacing between the seals and the perforations.
2. Description of Related Art
In existing bag making machines, a continuous film is drawn from a source, such as a roll of plastic tubing, and is fed into a sealing drum and blanket assembly where transverse seals are imparted to the film to define individual plastic bags. The film then travels through various optional stations, such as a handle punching station and a folding board assembly, where further operations are performed on the film. Finally, the film is conveyed through a perforator, which perforates the film transversely of the direction of travel so that the individual bags can be subsequently separated from the film. The perforations are placed adjacent the seals and, to avoid wasting material, the distance between the perforation and the seal, which is referred to as the "skirt", should be kept at a desired minimum. Also, in twin seal bags, which are open transverse to the direction of travel and have a seal defining each side, the perforation is located between the seals defining adjacent sides of consecutive bags. In order to avoid wasting material in the production of this type of bag, the adjacent seals should be located a minimum distance apart and, therefore, care must be taken to consistently locate the perforation between the seals.
In many applications it is desired that printed matter appear on the individual bags. In these instances, the source of the film may comprise a continuous roll of tubing having preprinted matter imparted thereon at spaced intervals corresponding to the desired size of the bags. Furthermore, it is typically required that the printed matter appear at the same location on the individual bags from bag to bag. This requirement is usually addressed by maintaining a fixed distance from the printed matter to the seal on each bag. However, since the locations of the preprinted matter on the tubing may vary due to certain factors in the production and printing of the tubing, it is often difficult to maintain a fixed distance between the seal and the printed matter.
Apparatus for automatically varying the placement of the location of the seals to maintain a fixed distance between the seals and the printed matter is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,934,993, issued to Gietman, Jr. In Gietman, Jr., the film contacting surface of the sealing drum comprises a number of slats and one or more seal bars. The diameter of the drum is variable in response to a motor located within the drum which is connected through a series of gears and chains to a number of threaded rods supporting the ends of the slats and seal bars. A first detector detects a registration mark appearing on the film at regular intervals in spaced relation to the printed matter and a second detector generates a signal representative of one revolution of the sealing drum. A CPU then compares the relationship between these signals with certain preset conditions and, if necessary, activates the sealing drum motor to vary the diameter of the sealing drum and thereby change the relationship between the seals and the printed matter until a desired constant is arrived at and maintained.
However, in Gietman, Jr. and other prior art bag making machines, the perforator is driven by the sealing drum and the location of the perforation relative to the seal is dependent upon the diameter of the sealing drum. Thus, while the distance between the seal and the perforation can be initially manually set, automatically varying the diameter of the sealing drum to maintain a desired relationship between the seal and the printed matter will consequently alter the distance between the seal and the perforation. In prior art bag making machines, the operator is required to manually adjust the perforator to maintain the proper distance between the seals and the perforations if any changes have occurred. For example, Gietman, Jr. discloses using a hand-operable variator to do this. However, since automatically adjusting the location of the seals in relation to the printed matter can result in repeated changes in the location of the seals, manually adjusting the perforator is not practical. To compensate for not having to continually adjust the perforator, the distance between the perforations and the seals is typically selected to be large enough to accommodate certain variations in the location of the seals. However, given the large volume of bags usually produced in a given production run, these large skirt sizes result in a great deal of material waste.