A vehicle video display device is installed on the armrest of a vehicle. Two arm members have one of their ends pivotally attached to two opposite surfaces of the armrest so that the two arm members extend outward from the armrest in parallel. A beam member has its two ends rotatably joined to the other ends of the two arm members respectively so that the beam member is supported across the armrest. A screen member is positioned rotatably on the beam member by an axle.

(a) Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to video display devices, and more particularly to an vehicle video display device installed on the armrest of a vehicle.
(b) Description of the Prior Art
Vehicle video display devices for the presentation of movies, electronic maps, and the images captured by bumper cameras have been widely popular in recent years. The vehicle video display device usually contains a miniature LCD screen supported by a base on the dashboard or at the front center of the dashboard.
Unless the vehicle video display device is provider as an integral part of the vehicle system by the car manufacturer, the installation of the vehicle video device usually requires some destructive means to the interior of the vehicle, which will also make the vehicle's already limited space even, more crowded. On the other hand, the usual location of the vehicle video device is either on the dashboard or in front of the dashboard, which is difficult for the rear-seat passengers to watch.


A heating element or heater for use with an automotive windshield is adapted to prevent the accumulation of ice and slush on windshield wipers. The heater is defined by a laminate having an electrical resistance member sandwiched between the first and second films forming the laminate. Contacts extend out of the laminate for connection to a source of power. The electrical resistance member, preferably, comprises a resistance wire which reaches a temperature sufficient to melt snow and ice accumulating on the windshield wipers, but which is insufficient to melt the laminate or to create a fire hazard. Optimally, the heater is powered through an automotive lighter outlet or accessory power outlet disposed within the interior of the vehicle.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention concerns automotive windshield wiper heaters. More particularly, the present invention concerns heating elements for heating automotive windshield wipers. Even more particularly, the present invention concerns windshield mounted heaters for heating the windshield wipers of automotive vehicles.
2. Prior Art
As is known to those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains during the winter months inclement weather is occasioned with precipitation such as snow, slush and the like. The snow or slush, etc. accumulates on the windshield either because of the intensity of the downfall or splatters up from the road due to other vehicles driving through it. Similarly, freezing rain accumulates on the vehicle windshield during such downpours.
Conventional automotive heaters and defrosters, while issuing heat onto the interior of the windshield distribute the heat over such a broad area or space that they do not preclude the buildup of slush and ice on the windshield wiper blade.
Simply stated, there is insufficient localized and concentrated heat directed to the windshield wiper blade to prevent the buildup of ice and/or thick slush thereon. The present invention, as will be detailed hereinafter, alleviates this situation.
In accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention there is provided a windshield wiper heater which generally comprises:
(a) a laminate, comprising:
(1) a first film;
(2) an electrical resistance member having first and second contacts,
(3) a second film, the resistance member being sandwiched between the films, the contacts projecting exteriorly of the laminate;
(b) means for transmitting electrical energy to the resistance member through the contacts; and
(c) a source of power, the means for transmitting being in electrical communication with the source of power.
The present invention may further include means for removably adhering the heater to a windshield, such as an adhesive tape or the like.
The means for transmitting electrical energy may comprise either a direct contact to the vehicular battery or may be accessed through the lighter using the well-known and commercially available plunger-type plug, which is removably insertable into the lighter outlet for the vehicle or through the auxiliary power outlet, which today is, typically, provided in a vehicle.
For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following detailed description and accompanying drawing.
In the drawing, like reference characters refer to like parts throughout the several views in which:


A system to be used inside a dialysis unit for dilating obstructed blood vessel, comprises a catheter, a device, a remote-control box, supportive components and connection cables. A catheter comprises an elongated portion, a proximal end and a distal end, extended longitudinally. A distal end of a catheter has a convectively heating tip with a heat generating element and an inflatable balloon. A device has a radiofrequency current generator to supply and control a heating process of a heat generating element of a catheter tip. A remote-control box comprises a valve assembly, a heat activation switch and a balloon inflation switch to facilitate a treatment process.

Vascular stenosis is defined as a narrowing or constriction to the body or opening of a vessel conduit. Such narrowing may range from a minimal to occlusion of an entire vessel lumen. Central venous stenosis (CVS) is commonly seen in patients receiving hemodialysis through central venous catheters (CVC).
The precise mechanism of central venous catheters (CVC)-associated central venous stenosis (CVS) remains largely undefined. It is thought that number of factors associated with the catheters themselves, the position of the foreign body against the vessel walls, as well as the uremic milieu and consequent inflammational interact to produce central venous stenosis (CVS).
Furthermore, direct physical damage from the movement of the catheter tip or body against a vessel wall can potentially result in thrombin generation, platelet activation, expression of P-selectin and an inflammatory response.
The development of central venous stenosis (CVS) in the dialysis patient is a serious issue, and it has a greater impact compared with stenosis of a peripheral vein because the central veins represent the final common pathway for blood flow from the periphery to the heart. If central stenosis is allowed to progress, the hemodialysis vascular access may eventually be lost. In addition, the development of central vein obstruction obviates the possibility of creating a new vascular access on the affected side. An unfortunate consequence of the loss of central vein patency for the patient is diminished life expectancy.
The early 1990s witnessed a move away from the subclavian vessels toward the jugular veins due to the association between subclavian vein cannulation for hemodialysis access and subsequent central venous stenosis (CVS) that was identified in the 1980s, when the subclavian approach was widely regarded as the safest and easiest method. However, the internal jugular route has not fulfilled its early promise of minimal central venous stenotic complications.
The treatment of central venous stenosis (CVS) can be divided into three clinical choices, angioplasty (PTA), angioplasty with stent placement (PTS) and surgery. It is handled by either interventional nephrologists or vascular surgeons.
So, there is a need to develop a safe, easy and efficient system to help the nephrologists to deal with central venous stenosis (CVS) within a dialysis department as a routine catheters maintenance to quickly deal with rapid stenosis progression and to early treat every significant access stenosis and occlusion. Plus, also with a relatively less cost treatment without patient's exposure to anesthesia, radiation and contrast agents.

System for its use in the treatment of vascular stenosis and occlusions


The present invention is related to a hot-electron photo transistor. By applying the combination of quantum dots or quantum wires with sizes, the wide spacer layers, and the blocking layers to the electron injecting barrier of the emitter, the wide range of infrared detection can be attained and the resolution of detected infrared wavelength can be increased. And by introducing the resonant tunneling quantum well structure to the base layer the selection, amplification and processing of the specific infrared frequency is possible and the reduction of the dark current is induced. Therefore, the present invention is applicable to ultra-high speed tunable infrared detectors and amplifiers, ultra-high speed switching and logic devices, high speed infrared logic devices with new features, new high-speed infrared logic devices which can reduce the number of logic devices.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a heterostructure infrared hot-electron transistor (HET), specifically to a hot-electron photo transistor (HEPT) which has a wide-range infrared detection feature by applying combination of quantum dot or quantum wire arrays of various sizes as an emitter electron injecting barrier (emitter barrier), and which has an increased resolution of detected infrared wavelength, and which selectively amplifies and processes infrared signal of specific frequencies using a resonant tunneling quantum well structure, and which induces reduction of dark currents.
2. Description of the Related Art
Semiconductor devices utilizing heterostructure have been actively developed as semiconductor growth technologies such as the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), the metal organic compound vapor deposition (MOCVD) are being advanced. Active researches are in progress on the phenomena of absorbing or emitting lights in the range of infrared caused by electron transitions between quantum-confined states of electrons or holes in the structures of quantum wells, quantum wires, or quantum dots of GaSb/InAs, InAs/ZnTe, GaAs/Al(Ga)As, InGaAs/InAlAs/InP etc, due to the energy band line-up of the semiconductor hetero junction structures, and on the resonant tunneling effect of electrons through quantum-confined states, and on the significantly rapid electron moving effect of hot-electrons in the heterostructure. Also in progress are researches to integrate the ultra-high speed infrared photo detection and generation utilizing inter-subband transitions of electrons and the ultra-high speed electron effect utilizing the significantly short transit time of hot-electrons in transistor structures.
The utilization of the quantum resonant tunneling effect and the significantly short transit time of hot-electrons can make tera-hertz operation of the devices possible. Devices like hot-electron transistors (HET), resonant tunneling hot-electron transistors (RHET), resonant tunneling diodes (RTD) etc, can be operated in tera-hertz range (far infrared range). A lot of interests are focused to tunable voltage-controlled photodetectors which can absorb, detect and generate infrared ray utilizing the heterostructure quantum well, quantum wire, quantum dot structures, and to hot-electron photo transistors utilizing the significantly rapid transit time of hot-electrons in the base area. In particular, the utilization of the electron resonant tunneling through quantum-confined states with ultra-high speed and the electron transition between quantum-confined states has technological significance in the applications to ultra-high speed switching devices and logic devices.

Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute


Disclosed herein is a method for data communication between a wireless-communication system and one or more wireless-communication devices. The wireless-communication system broadcasts a standard pilot signal over a pilot channel. The method comprises (a) the wireless-communication system transmitting a first broadcast-mode message in a coverage area of the wireless-communication system, wherein the first broadcast-mode message indicates that the wireless-communication system will be operating in an alternative broadcast mode, and (b) the wireless-communication system operating in the alternative broadcast mode. Operating in the alternative broadcast involves (i) generating a modified pilot signal comprising the standard pilot signal and a data message inserted in the standard pilot signal and (ii) broadcasting the modified pilot signal via the pilot channel, which enables a wireless-communication device receiving the modified pilot signal to extract the data message therefrom.

To provide wireless service, a wireless carrier typically operates a number of radio access networks, each of which is controlled by a switching entity such as a mobile switching center. The mobile switching center generally includes or connects with one or more base station controllers, which in turn connect with one or more base transceiver stations. Each base transceiver station conventionally includes a cell tower with one or more antennas that radiate to define an air interface in which wireless-communication devices can operate.
To indicate that service is available, a base station sends out a pilot signal that can be picked up by nearby wireless-communication devices. Typically, the pilot signal is a simple, single-frequency signal. To track available base stations, a wireless-communication device maintains an active set of the base stations that are available to the device. Specifically, if the strength of a given pilot signal is above a predetermined threshold, the wireless-communication device may add the base station to the active set.
Wireless-communication devices such as cellular phones, laptops, and personal digital assistants (PDAs) are evolving to provide increasingly complex and data-intensive services to users. As a result, the extent to which users are relying on such wireless-communication devices is increasing rapidly. Users expect their mobile devices to quickly and reliably provide them information in every aspect of their lives.

Method and system for embedding a data message in a pilot signal


A radiator is disclosed for mounting in an upright position to a wall, comprising a front panel and a back panel between which an interior space is provided for introducing a fluid. The back panel is made of a heat-conductive material and is provided with fluid supply and drainage fittings for supplying and draining the fluid to and from said interior space. The back panel is further provided with cooling ribs for exchanging heat with surrounding air and mounting brackets for mounting the radiator on a wall. The front panel has pre-formed canals for directing the fluid flow in a controlled way from the supply fitting to the drainage fitting. The front panel is made of a synthetic material which is substantially non-heat-conductive. A seal is provided between the panels for making said interior space substantially fluid-tight. The front and back panels are assembled with the seal in between by means of bolts.

The market of radiators, based on the input of warm water, in domestic use, is divided in 2 main groups:    a) radiators made of steel plate and mostly manufactured in a mass production;    b) so called "design radiators", made basically of different kinds of tubes, whose forms and measures are targeted to the clients' wish.
To produce them, the radiators as described in a) need main investments, starting from a plate of steel, cut in the desired forms, in which "canals" are being pressed, whereupon the radiator is formed by a specific welding process, to make them waterproof.
In most cases, several radiators are connected as a whole unit at which thermal panels are attached between those connected radiators, to become a more efficient thermal emission.
In a final phase, several pieces of water supply and drainage are attached to this unit by welding techniques.
Last but not least, the radiator is tested on waterproof, after which it's painted (degrease, primer, coating).
Such a complex production line needs high-costs investments.
A production lines just for one type of radiator, has been estimated for an investment of 800 million BEF.
The investment of a paint installation, used for several production lines (nowadays seven !) is estimated up to 200 million BEF.
As the producing techniques are well known and different patents are expired, the last few years there is a huge import of "plated forms", produced in low-cost countries.
The involved sectors are refining their production techniques to re-establish their market position. But still the technique of reforming a steel plate and welding it, is their basic element.
The so called design radiators, as specified under b), are showing a boom to other sectors such as kitchens, showrooms, offices and villa's, after their introduction for the use in bathrooms (i.e. to warm towels).
In spite off the habit of producing them in "standard measures", to produce them in a large serial to become a lower cost and so a lower price, a main share and target are the custom-made goods.
Naturally the cost of a personalized radiator is perceptively higher, compared to the standardized model.
Many welding techniques are developed to connect the steel tubes in their different kinds of forms to become a desired look.
In most cases, special colours are chosen to become a harmony with their spaces in which they will be used.
By both groups of radiators, the supply of warm water is connected to their highest point, from which it can search its way undefined through a web of canals to a main drainage tube.
Its unnatural way of free direction means several "cold zones" to the radiator and a constantly and equally changing of pressure in the radiator.
Meanwhile the produce of heat, which begins at the top of the radiator, has no optimal effect: the water becomes colder in its way down, which doesn't stimulate the circulation of air and the heat.


A hybrid drive unit for installation between an internal combustion engine and a vehicle transmission in a motor vehicle. The hybrid drive unit has an electric machine operable, alternatively, as a motor and a generator and having at least one stator and one rotor, the rotor having bearings on a transmission side and on an internal combustion engine side. One set of bearings is provided on the transmission side and, on the internal combustion engine side, the hybrid drive unit is supported on the crankshaft bearings of the internal combustion engine. A non-rotary connection can be established, for example, by means of a flexplate or a torsional vibration damper, between the rotor of the electric machine and the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. Before the rotor is connected to the crankshaft, the rotor is supported on bearings on the transmission side. A radial safety mechanism is provided on the internal combustion engine side in order to prevent the rotor from tilting around the bearing on the transmission side and from establishing contact with the stator. When the rotor and the crankshaft are not connected to each other, the radial safety mechanism prevents contact between the rotor and the stator, and thus destruction of the electric machine.

A drive used in hybrid vehicles usually consists of a combination of an internal combustion engine with an electric machine. For example, DE 199 62 507 discloses an electric machine situated between an internal combustion engine and a transmission. The rotor of the electric machine is attached directly to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, as a result of which it only needs to be mounted on bearings on the transmission sides of the rotor. This approach saves space since there is no need for bearings on the internal combustion engine side.
Synchronous machines with permanent magnets are often employed as the electric machine. Contact between the rotor and the stator is to be avoided since contact between the rotor and the stator can destroy the synchronous machine owing to the high magnetic forces.
When synchronous machines are used and also when, as described in DE 199 62 507, the rotor of the electric machine is equipped only with one set of bearings of its own and is directly connected to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, disadvantageous situations arise when the rotor is not connected to the crankshaft, for instance, prior to the assembly, especially before the rotor is connected to the crankshaft, or else when repairs have to be made that involve disconnecting the rotor from the internal combustion engine. When the electric machine or the rotor of the electric machine is not connected to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, the rotor can tilt around the bearings on the transmission side, causing contact between the metal and/or magnetic components of the rotor and of the stator of the electric machine, which would destroy the electric machine.


A computer-controlled master reproducer for depositing a master reproduction on a substrate includes a master source containing in machine-readable format one or more masters each having a shape characteristic and a color characteristic. Also included is a curable-material source, and gun structure interconnected with the curable-material source for shooting the curable material toward the substrate to deposit the master reproduction on it. The gun structure is constructed to shoot the curable material in microdroplet form to deposit discrete dots of curable material on the substrate. Orientation structure is also included for orienting the gun structure with respect to the substrate, and a computer controller is in communication with the above components. Other features of the master reproducer include master-obtaining structure which may include one or all of the following: (1) a scanner constructed for scanning an image such as a photograph and storing the scanned image in a machine-readable format, (2) a CAD device to allow for a user-designed master, and (3) a modem for communication with another master source. The master reproducer may also include a curing device, such as a pulsating UV laser, for curing the curable-material after it is deposited on the substrate. The gun structure deposits the master reproduction on the substrate in a form that allows the entire master reproduction to be removed from the substrate in one piece after the curable material has cured. Other aspects of the invention include a master reproduction with a body formed using the above-described master reproducer, and a method of depositing a master reproduction on a substrate in a form that allows for removal of the master reproduction in one piece.

The present invention relates generally to the display, advertising and sign industries, and to related processes of forming display lettering such as that process known as a vinyl transfer process. More particularly, the invention concerns a novel computer-controlled master reproducer for depositing a master reproduction on a substrate.
The display, advertising and sign industries presently utilize a vinyl-transfer method for generating desired patterns and forms such as lettering. The process is a labor-intensive one that involves placing or stamping a desired pattern into a sheet of dry, adhesive-backed vinyl film that is positioned on a substrate. After stamping the pattern in the sheet, and then cutting the same from the sheet, an arduous process known as weeding is performed. Weeding involves manually removing undesired areas of the sheet that do not form part of the now-present pattern. Next, the cut and weeded pattern is transferred to a desired surface and positioned by rolling or other suitable methods to produce the desired display.
Using such a process, desired vinyl lettering is applied to, for example, an office or vehicle door to identify a business name.
In addition to labor and time limitations, the conventional vinyl-transfer process is limited generally to solid-color applications, and to size and material specifications of commercially available sheets of vinyl stock.
Until now, there has not been proposed a system that overcomes the above drawbacks of the conventional vinyl-transfer method.
Accordingly, it is a principal object of the present invention to provide a system for depositing a desired pattern which overcomes the drawbacks of prior-art proposals.
Another object is to provide such a system that allows for deposition of a desired colored film on a surface in a tightly controlled location and a uniform thickness.
Yet another object is to provide such a system that does not require the steps of cutting and weeding that are required by the conventional vinyl-transfer method.
Another important object of the invention is to provide such a system that is capable of producing final desired shapes or forms on carrier material to be placed on and bonded to a desired surface location such as an office door.
It is also an object of the invention to provide such a system that can be cost-effectively manufactured.
In brief summary, one aspect of the invention includes a computer-controlled master reproducer for depositing a master reproduction on a substrate. The invention includes a master source containing in a machine-readable format one or more masters each having a shape characteristic and a color characteristic. Also included is a curable-material source, and gun structure interconnected with the curable-material source for shooting the curable material toward the substrate to deposit the master reproduction on it. The gun structure is constructed to shoot the curable material in microdroplet form to deposit curable material on the substrate, preferably in the form of discrete dots of that material.
The master reproducer aspect of the invention also includes orientation structure for orienting the gun structure with respect to the substrate, and a computer controller in communication with the master source, the curable-material source, the gun structure, and the orientation structure. The computer controller includes a set of control instructions for (1) reading the master and, based upon that reading, (2) for transfering the curable material from the curable-material source to the gun structure, and (3) for causing the gun structure to shoot the curable material at the substrate to deposit the master reproduction on such substrate.
Other features of the master reproducer include master-obtaining structure in communication with the master source. The master-obtaining structure may include one or all of the following: (1) a scanner constructed for scanning an image such as a photograph and storing the scanned image in a machine-readable format, (2) a CAD device to allow for a user-designed master, and (3) a modem for communication with another master source.
The master reproducer of the invention may also include a curing device, such as a pulsating UV source, for curing the curable-material after it is deposited on the substrate. Preferably, the UV source is a UV laser. There may also be plural containers of curable material, each containing a different colored curable material, and the gun structure would then include plural nozzles, one nozzle for each container. For that version, the computer controller includes a set of control instructions for color-specific transfering of curable material to the appropriate nozzle based upon the reading of the color characteristic of the master, thereby to deposit a preselected color of the master reproduction on the substrate.
The gun structure deposits the master reproduction on the substrate in a form that allows the entire master reproduction to be removed from the substrate in one piece after the curable material has cured.
The master reproducer may also include an adhesive source and adhesive-conduit structure for connecting the adhesive source to the gun structure. In that way, adhesive may be delivered to the gun structure via the adhesive-conduit structure, and shot at the substrate to adhere the to-be-deposited master reproduction to the same.
Other aspects of the invention include a master reproduction with a body formed using the above-described master reproducer, and a method of depositing a master reproduction on a substrate in a form that allows for removal of the master reproduction in one piece.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood from a consideration of the accompanying drawings and the following description of the preferred embodiment.

Computer-controlled master reproducer for depositing a master reproduction on a substrate, method for depositing the same, and master reproduction


Deblocking filtering is provided in which an 8×8 filtering block covering eight sample vertical and horizontal boundary segments is divided into filtering sub-blocks that can be independently processed. To process the vertical boundary segment, the filtering block is divided into top and bottom 8×4 filtering sub-blocks, each covering a respective top and bottom half of the vertical boundary segment. To process the horizontal boundary segment, the filtering block is divided into left and right 4×8 filtering sub-blocks, each covering a respective left and right half of the horizontal boundary segment. The computation of the deviation d for a boundary segment in a filtering sub-block is performed using only samples from rows or columns in the filtering sub-block. Consequently, the filter on/off decisions and the weak/strong filtering decisions of the deblocking filtering are performed using samples contained within individual filtering blocks, thus allowing full parallel processing of the filtering blocks.

1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to block-based parallel deblocking filtering in video coding.
2. Description of the Related Art
The Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) of ITU-T WP3/16 and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 is currently developing the next-generation video coding standard referred to as High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). Similar to previous video coding standards such as H.264/AVC, HEVC is based on a hybrid coding scheme using block-based prediction and transform coding. First, the input signal is split into rectangular blocks that are predicted from the previously decoded data by either motion compensated (inter) prediction or intra prediction. The resulting prediction error is coded by applying block transforms based on an integer approximation of the discrete cosine transform, which is followed by quantization and coding of the transform coefficients. While H.264/AVC divides a picture into fixed size macroblocks of 16×16 samples, HEVC divides a picture into largest coding units (LCUs), of 16×16, 32×32 or 64×64 samples. The LCUs may be further divided into smaller blocks, i.e., coding units (CU), using a quad-tree structure. A CU may be split further into prediction units (PUs) and transform units (TUs). The size of the transforms used in prediction error coding can vary from 4×4 to 32×32 samples, thus allowing larger transforms than in H.264/AVC, which uses 4×4 and 8×8 transforms. As the optimal size of the above mentioned blocks typically depends on the picture content, the reconstructed picture is composed of blocks of various sizes, each block being coded using an individual prediction mode and the prediction error transform.
In a coding scheme that uses block-based prediction and transform coding, discontinuities can occur in the reconstructed signal at block boundaries. Visible discontinuities at block boundaries are known as blocking artifacts. A major source of blocking artifacts is the block-transform coding of the prediction error followed by coarse quantization. Moreover, in the motion compensated prediction process, blocks from the previously coded pictures are used to form predictions for blocks in the current picture. Since predictions for adjacent blocks in the current picture might not come from adjacent blocks in the previously coded pictures, this process creates discontinuities at the block boundaries of the prediction signal. Similarly, when applying intra prediction, the prediction process of adjacent blocks might be different causing discontinuities at the block boundaries of the prediction signal. For example, one block is predicted from its neighboring block to the left and the adjacent block is predicted from its neighboring block above.
Two approaches to reduce blocking artifacts are post-filtering and in-loop filtering. Post-filtering is not specified by the video coding standard and can be performed, e.g., in the display process. In-loop filters operate within the encoding/decoding loop. Therefore, such filters need to be normative to avoid drift between the encoder and the decoder. There are three main in-loop filters defined by the emerging HEVC standard: a deblocking filter, a sample adaptive offset filter (SAO), and an adaptive loop filter (ALF). These filters may be applied sequentially, and, depending on the configuration, the SAO and ALF loop filters may be applied to the output of the deblocking filter.
The deblocking filter in HEVC is being designed with consideration of both subjective quality improvements and complexity reduction. The latter criterion was considered seriously since the deblocking filter of the H.264/AVC standard constitutes a significant part of the decoder complexity with up to one third of decoding time spent on deblocking filtering. These considerations have resulted in an evolving HEVC deblocking filter design that is less complex than the H.264/AVC deblocking filter while still having the capability to improve subjective and objective quality of a decoded picture.

Block-based parallel deblocking filter in video coding


The present invention relates to a method of administering progesterone to a normogonadal or a functionally agonadal human female undergoing an assisted reproduction technique. The invention further provides a method of hormone replacement for a human female. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, progesterone is provided by intravaginal administration of a progesterone-containing polysiloxane ring.

Assisted reproduction techniques include in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET). In IVF-ET, an oocyte is surgically removed, fertilized in vitro, and placed in the uterus or Fallopian tube of the same woman. In oocyte donation, the oocyte is recovered from a donor and after IVF it is transferred to an infertile recipient as in ET. This procedure requires synchronization between the donor and the recipient, which is generally achieved by administering steroid hormones to the recipient.
In regular IVF-ET, the treatments given to induce multiple follicle growth often lead to insufficient luteal function. Therefore progesterone supplementation is required for implantation and initial maintenance of pregnancy. OD-IVF-ET is performed in functionally agonadal females and thus there is no source of endogenous progesterone until the eighth to tenth week of pregnancy when the placenta assumes this function. Thus, progesterone supplementation is always required in OD-IVF-ET, and is required for longer periods of time.
Thus, exogenous progesterone supplementation is well-established in IVF and ET, as well as in the treatment of other ovulatory dysfunction. In addition, exogenous progesterone is an essential part of the hormonal replacement therapy required by the agonadal women to maintain pregnancy after oocyte donation.
The prior art methods of administration of exogenous progesterone to women undergoing assisted reproduction techniques suffer from significant disadvantages. Oral administration of progesterone is ineffective due to rapid clearance by the liver, resulting in low bioavailability in the circulation. Intramuscular administration is the most widely used form of progesterone replacement in agonadal women undergoing oocyte donation. This route, however, requires daily administration of high doses of progesterone (50 to 100 mg/day) for up to 100 days. The high serum concentration of progesterone and daily i.m. injections produce severe patient discomfort. Intravaginal progesterone administration has been used to prepare the endometrium for implantation, but may require insertion of progesterone tablets or suppositories into the vagina twice a day for approximately one hundred days.
Polysiloxane carriers have been used for delivery of progesterone as a contraceptive for lactating women (Croxatto et al., 1991, in "Female Contraception and Male Fertility Regulation. Advances in Gynecological and Obstetric Research Series", Reinnebaum et al., eds.) and for delivery of estradiol in postmenopausal women (Stumpf et al. (1982), J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 58:208).
Simon et al. (1986), Fertility and Sterility, 46:619 disclose 17.beta.-estradiol and/or progesterone-impregnated polysiloxane vaginal rings and cylinders for endometrial priming in functionally agonadal women. The ring and cylinder system was used to achieve serum levels of 17.beta.-estradiol and progesterone within the normal range for an entire menstrual cycle. U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,257 discloses the use of polysiloxane rings containing 17.beta.-estradiol or 17.beta.-estradiol and progesterone to mimic normal steroid hormone levels in a functionally agonadal human female. To stimulate a normal human menstrual cycle, a sequence of rings and tampons of different formulations was required. Ring I, containing 200 mg 17.beta.-estradiol, was administered intravaginally on day one, and removed and replaced by Ring II, containing 400 mg 17.beta.-estradiol on day fourteen. On day nineteen, Ring III, containing 400 mg 17.beta.-estradiol and 1000 mg progesterone, was substituted for Ring II. One day twenty-five, Ring I was substituted for Ring III. On days fifteen to twenty-eight, a polysiloxane tampon containing 2000 mg progesterone was added to the regimen. Accordingly, the use of intravaginal rings to stimulate a normal menstrual cycle as disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,257 is complex and inconvenient.
The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art by providing a convenient and efficient method of administering progesterone to a functionally agonadal human female undergoing assisted reproduction.

Progesterone vaginal ring for treatment of infertility


An electric vehicle is proposed which can achieve early detection of abnormal short-circuit of motor coils, thus avoiding various driving problems. The electric vehicle includes a motor unit configured to drive a wheel. The motor unit includes a synchronous motor with three-phase motor coils. The three-phase motor coils include a first motor coil, a second motor coil and a third motor coil of different phases. One end of the first motor coil, one end of the second motor coil and one end of the third motor coil are connected with each other at a neutral point in a star connection. The electric vehicle also includes an abnormal short-circuit monitor configured to detect an abnormal short-circuit of the motor coils, and also includes an abnormalities-responsive disconnection unit configured to electrically disconnect the motor coils from the neutral point.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electric vehicle, such as an in-wheel motor vehicle, that is equipped with motor(s) to drive wheels and that may be battery-powered or fuel cell-powered. The present invention also relates to an in-wheel motor drive system that may be associated with a drive wheel of a vehicle that may be an electric vehicle. The present invention also relates to a method of controlling a motor unit.
2. Description of Related Art
An electric vehicle may experience degradation in performance or malfunctions of a motor serving as a drive for the vehicle. This can significantly affect the travel performance or travel safety. Reliability of a motor, a wheel bearing and a reducer is an urgent concern for an in-wheel motor drive system which, due to its smaller size, has less materials used, involves rapid rotation of the motor, and etc.
A battery-powered electric vehicle may include a drive system which may be in the form of an in-wheel motor drive system. The drive system may employ an IPM (e.g., Interior Permanent Magnet synchronous motor). Such an IPM may include a neodymium magnet to provide a highly efficient performance, thus increasing the maximum travel range that is possible with a limited battery capacity.
In the past, in the attempt to ensure such reliability, an in-wheel motor drive system has been proposed in which the temperature of components such as a wheel bearing, a reducer and a motor may be measured and monitored for overload, with features to limit a drive current in/to the motor or a rotational frequency of the motor according to the temperature measurements (see the Patent Document 1 listed below).    [Patent Document 1] JP Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2008-168790

Electric automobile, in-wheel motor drive device, and motor control method


A memory device includes a package substrate and at least one stack of a plurality of semiconductor dies disposed on the package substrate. The plurality of semiconductor dies can be stacked in a shingled configuration. Each semiconductor die includes a plurality of slits disposed in a first direction. An offset direction defining the shingled arrangement is in-line with the first direction. Each semiconductor die can include a die substrate and a plurality of memory planes disposed on the die substrate with each memory plane having a memory cell array. Each slit can divide and separate each memory plane into at least one of logic blocks or sub-logic blocks. The semiconductor die can include a plurality of bond pads linearly aligned in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction.

Semiconductor devices, such as memory devices, are widely used to store information related to various electronic devices such as computers, wireless communication devices, cameras, digital displays, and the like. Memory devices are frequently provided as internal, semiconductor, integrated circuits and/or external removable devices in computers or other electronic devices. There are many different types of memory, including volatile and non-volatile memory. Volatile memory, including random-access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), and synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), among others, may require a source of applied power to maintain its data. Non-volatile memory, by contrast, can retain its stored data even when not externally powered. Non-volatile memory is available in a wide variety of technologies, including flash memory (e.g., NAND and NOR) phase change memory (PCM), ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM), resistive random access memory (RRAM), and magnetic random access memory (MRAM), among others. Improving memory devices, generally, may include increasing memory cell density, increasing read/write speeds or otherwise reducing operational latency, increasing reliability, increasing data retention, reducing power consumption, or reducing manufacturing costs, among other metrics. In addition, to provide additional capacity, more than one semiconductor die can be added to a memory device.
A memory device typically includes one or more semiconductor dies mounted on a substrate and encased in a plastic protective covering or covered by a heat-conducting lid (also referred to herein as a "package"). Each semiconductor die can include active circuits (e.g., providing functional features such as memory cells, processor circuits, and/or imager devices) and/or passive circuits (e.g., capacitors, resistors, etc.) as well as contact pads (also referred to herein as "bond pads") electrically connected to the circuits. The bond pads can be electrically connected to terminals outside the protective covering via corresponding bondfingers to allow the semiconductor die to be connected to higher level circuitry.
One approach to mounting multiple semiconductor dies in a single package involves stacking the semiconductor dies over a substrate. FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate simplified block diagrams of a package for a memory device 10 with semiconductor dies A and B that are stacked in a shingled arrangement where semiconductor die A is stacked on top of semiconductor die B in an offset pattern similar to that of shingles on a roof. The semiconductor dies A and B have a substrate 12 and the components (e.g., memory cell arrays and controllers) are disposed in a layer 14 on top of the die substrate 12. Each semiconductor die A, B is configured such that the respective bond pads are disposed parallel to the slits 20 of the planes. Thus, when stacked, the semiconductor dies A and B are offset in the bitline direction to facilitate the electrical connections between the dies and between the dies and the package substrate. That is, each semiconductor die is offset in the bitline direction from the semiconductor die below so that the exposed bond pads of each semiconductor die A and B can be bonded (e.g., with a wirebond) to each other and/or to the corresponding bondfingers on the package substrate. However, in related art memory devices, the shingling arrangement causes stresses due to bending forces in the semiconductor dies during the manufacturing process. Because of the slits 20, the stresses can cause failure of the semiconductor dies and thus the memory device 10. To keep the failure rate of the memory device down so as to meet industry standards (e.g., a standard in which 99.5% of the semiconductor dies must pass a 3-point and/or 4-point bending test at 200 MPa), the thickness of the substrate of the semiconductor die is typically about 50 μm or greater. To increase the amount of memory in the memory device, additional semiconductor dies can be added to the package. However, the semiconductor dies will need to be thinner in order to keep the size of the package the same. It is believed that, with current packaging techniques, semiconductor dies cannot be made thinner and still meet industry standards such as having a 99.5% success rate when performing the 3-point and/or 4-point bending test at 200 MPa.


Described is a method, performed by at least one apparatus, that includes obtaining a plurality of radio fingerprints, the radio fingerprints including information on radio nodes or signals from radio nodes observed by mobile devices and corresponding location estimates; and identifying, among said radio nodes, those radio nodes which are mobile radio nodes and which belong to a respective public transport vehicle, at least by relating movement information of a respective mobile radio node. The movement information is determined based on said obtained radio fingerprints, with public transport route information.

The advertisement landscape is experiencing major changes. Whereas today's advertisement can be considered as an area wide broadcasting (e.g. nation-wide newspaper ads or TV commercials), the target for advertisers is to understand both, to whom advertisements are targeted and in which context. The former one, on the one hand, requires understanding consumers and their behavior at ever more granular levels. The latter one, on the other hand, requires understanding where the consumer is, what the consumer is doing and where the consumer is going. Location technologies play a key role in each of these.
While novel positioning technologies are already available, as will be described in the following, they have mainly been developed for navigation purposes. This can render the respective technology only partly useful for other scenarios or use cases, such as for the advertising use case, described above.
Such novel positioning systems and solutions are specifically developed (and if necessary also deployed) mainly for the purpose of navigation. The traditional positioning technologies, which are mainly used outdoors, i.e. satellite and cellular positioning technologies, cannot always deliver the desired performance that would enable seamless and equal positioning experience at all time, particularly indoors or in vehicles. As examples, required positioning accuracy (2-3 m), coverage (˜100%) and height detection are challenging to achieve with satisfactory performance levels with the systems and signals that were not designed and specified for every use case in the first place. For instance, in case of indoor or underground situations, satellite-based radio navigation signals simply do not penetrate through the walls and roofs for the adequate signal reception and the cellular signals often have a too narrow bandwidth for accurate ranging by default. But also in certain outdoor scenarios, there may be the case of insufficient coverage of e.g. satellite-based radio navigation, for instance in case of bad weather, in urban street canyons or in tunnels.
Several dedicated solutions have already been developed and commercially deployed during the past years e.g. solutions based on technologies like pseudolites (GPS-like short-range beacons), ultra-sound positioning, Bluetooth or Bluetooth LE signals and WLAN fingerprinting. What is typical to these solutions is that they require either deployment of totally new infrastructure (such as beacons or tags) or manual exhaustive radio-surveying of the streets and buildings including all the floors, spaces and rooms. This is rather expensive and will take a considerable amount of time to build the coverage to the commercially expected level, which can in some cases narrow the potential market segment to only a very thin customer base e.g. for health care or dedicated enterprise solutions. Also, the diversity of these technologies makes it difficult to build a globally scalable indoor positioning solution, and the integration and testing will become complex if a large number of technologies needs to be supported in the consumer devices, such as smartphones.
For a positioning solution to be commercially successful in various use cases and situations it needs to be globally scalable, have low maintenance and deployment costs, and offer acceptable end-user experience. This can best be achieved, if the solution is based on an existing infrastructure in the buildings and on existing capabilities in the consumer devices. Accordingly, such a positioning is preferably based on technologies like Wi-Fi- and/or Bluetooth (BT)-technologies that are already supported in almost every smartphone, tablet, laptop and even in the majority of the feature phones. It is, thus, required to find a solution that uses such cellular or non-cellular radio signals in such a way that makes it possible to achieve 2-3 m horizontal and vertical positioning accuracy with the ability to quickly build the global coverage for this approach.
Modern global cellular (GSM, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, LTE, LTE-A, CDMA) and non-cellular (primarily WiFi, but also BT, BTLE, Zigbee, etc.) positioning technologies are based on collecting large global databases containing information on the cellular and non-cellular signals emitted from respective radio nodes, the "collecting phase" or "training phase". A large portion of this data typically originates from the users of these positioning technologies, naturally with the end-user consent. It could also be possible to use volunteers to survey the sites in exchange of reward or recognition and get the coverage climbing up globally in the places and venues important for the key customers. While automated crowd-sourcing can enable indoor localization in large amount of buildings, manual data collection using special tools may be the best option, when the highest accuracy is desired.
In any case, the collected data is typically in the form of so called (radio) fingerprints, which contain a location estimate (e.g. GNSS-based or WiFi-based) and the measurement(s) taken from the radio interface(s) (cellular or non-cellular). In case of a cellular positioning technology, such measurements may contain global and/or local identifiers of the cellular network cells observed, signal strength estimates, pathloss estimates and/or timing measurements (such as Timing Advance or Round-Trip Time). In case of a non-cellular positioning technology, such measurements may contain an identifier of the non-cellular radio node (e.g. the BSSIDs, typically the MAC address of the air interface of a respective WiFi access points observed and/or the SSIDs), signal strengths estimates (e.g. received signal strength index, physical Rx level in dBm ref 1 mW, etc.), pathloss estimates and/or timing measurements (e.g. Round-Trip Time).
This data gets uploaded to the server or cloud server, where algorithms are run to generate models of wireless communication nodes for positioning purposes based on the collected fingerprints received from the multitude of the users. Such models may be coverage areas, node positions, radio propagation models, Rx fields, etc. In the end, these models are transferred back to the user terminals for use in position determination, the "positioning phase".
Note that although the end user terminal had GNSS-capability, the end user can still benefit from using cellular/non-cellular positioning technologies in terms of time-to-first-fix and power consumption. Also, not all applications require highly accurate GNSS-based position (e.g. for local weather application it suffices to use cell-based location estimate). Also, cellular/non-cellular positioning technologies work indoors, which is generally a challenging environment for GNSS-based technologies.
Due to the increasing coverage with communication networks (e.g. using cellular telecommunication networks or WiFi networks) such radio nodes or often also deployed in mobile scenarios (e.g. being installed on buses and trains) leading to mobile radio nodes, e.g. moving WiFi access points. Additionally, such moving WiFi access points may also be (temporarily) established by mobile devices, such as mobile phones of end users (so called "personal hot spots"), for sharing an internet connection with other people or devices.
In the training or collecting phase, such moving radio nodes (e.g. WiFi access points) are considered highly poisonous to the positioning service because due to their constant movement no location information can be inferred from them. Collecting radio fingerprints with measurement information on signals from such moving radio nodes can cause significant damage to the position service, so that they are typically blacklisted from the positioning database.
However, such blacklisting also leads to a loss of potentially valuable information, in particular in view of the aims of the advertising industry and technology, which require an understanding where the consumer is, what the consumer is doing and where the consumer is going, as set out above. As explained, when considering the above moving radio nodes, there remains the problem that they would impair the quality of the positioning database when they are added to the positioning database and, moreover, that it is still difficult to differentiate between different kinds of moving radio nodes, i.e. for instance the radio node installed on a bus and e.g. the temporary personal hot spot of a user accidentally passing by.

Identifying mobile radio nodes and determining use of public transport vehicle


A double flush toilet assembly is provided including a toilet water basin defining an interior space and an open top. A bottom face of the basin has an exit for communicating with a toilet bowl. A dual flush tube has a first open end at a first elevation and a second open end at a second elevation. Each open end remains in communication with the exit of the water basin. Each open end further has a lid for allowing water to enter the same upon being opened. A pair of flushing assemblies are each connected to the corresponding lid for selectively and independently opening the same.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to low volume flush assemblies and more particularly pertains to a new toilet with dual volume flush for allowing a user to choose between two flush volumes.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of low volume flush assemblies is known in the prior art. More specifically, low volume flush assemblies heretofore devised and utilized are known to consist basically of familiar, expected and obvious structural configurations, notwithstanding the myriad of designs encompassed by the crowded prior art which have been developed for the fulfillment of countless objectives and requirements.
Known prior art low volume flush assemblies include U.S. Pat. No. 4,748,699; U.S. Pat. No. 4,485,501; U.S. Pat. No. 5,319,809; U.S. Pat. No. 5,191,662; U.S. Pat. No. 5,243,713; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,910,812.
In these respects, the toilet with dual volume flush according to the present invention substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art, and in so doing provides an apparatus primarily developed for the purpose of allowing a user to choose between two flush volumes.


4-bar hinge technology is applied to forward hinged mounting of a conventional cab high cover on a pickup truck load bed, so that the cover moves clear of the vehicle cab when raised to provide improved loading access. The hinge system may be integrated with upper and/or lower rails intermediately attached to the cover and load bed rails used as mounting interfaces in fixed cover installations. Use of these interfaces alone for system attachment supports universal application to conventional matched cab high covers and load beds with minimal component variation between applications. Resulting component dimensions accommodate compact packaging, and therefore convenient, efficient shipping and storage of adaptation hardware. The system concept accommodates use of readily available hardware suited to processes and equipment already in use within affected industries, and facilitates capture of dimensions for optimal function within hinge and intermediate rail assemblies, thereby minimizing reliance upon installer skills.

The invention pertains to adaptation of cab high load bed covers used with pickup trucks to provide improved access to the load bed for loading/unloading and also to extend functions to new uses (where "cab high" is used to distinguish covers of approximately cab height, or greater, from load bed covers having a low profile, which are usually described as "tonneaus"). A major focus is upon achieving these benefits in a manner best accommodating processes broadly in use relative to conventional fixed mount cab high covers of the prior art (also referred to as "caps" and including covers having a height approximately matching vehicle cab height or greater, as distinct from low profile load bed covers usually described as tonneaus). Applicable US classifications include 296/100.1, 100.6 hinged load covers, 296/165 expansible or collapsible vehicle body, 296/176 expansible/collapsible from a first to a second configuration for camping. The disclosure describes a system which can be adapted for installation as part of a complete rear lifting load bed cover (similar to a lift-roof cover), or sold as a kit to be installed at a retail level. The system avoids or minimizes need for modification of the cap and ensures that aesthetic benefits are fully maintained. The application of an appropriately configured 4-bar hinging system, in combination with means for controlling associated functional geometric requirements independent of the installation process, overcomes key objections directed at lift-roof covers of the prior art.
(b) Description of Related Art
Enninga, U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,175, discloses an openable cover that is operable about an internally mounted, stationary pivot means disposed adjacent the inside top, forward end of the cover so that the cover may be rotated between open and closed positions with respect to the load bed. Limitations of the concept appear to include cost and complexity both in manufacturing and installation. A system is shown for attaching and rotating a conventional cab high load bed cover 17 to provide rear lift. The system employs hinged attachment of the cover to a frame comprising left and right side bases 21, 22 joined by a bridge 29 to create a frame fixedly attached to the vehicle load bed 13. Lever members 27, 37 are attached to the frame by pivots 25, 35. It appears that the cover 17 is attached to lever members 27, 67 and thereby pivots about pivots 25, 35. With this arrangement, attaching locations on the cover 17 must be used other than as provided by cover side wall mounting rails normally employed for fixed mounting of a cover to a vehicle load bed. This apparently requires mountings of some form to be added to the cover forward wall. Such modifications may adversely affect the future utility and value of the cover and are avoided in the present invention.
Medlin, U.S. Pat. No. 5,595,418, discloses a short/long arm system for pivotally attaching a camper shell (cab high load bed cover) to a vehicle load bed, allowing rear lift while keeping the cap upper forward edge clear of the vehicle cab. However, upper and lower arm pivots are disclosed as substantially one above the other on the cap forward wall (or adjacent to it on the side walls). These upper pivot locations appear to require a prohibitively heavy and costly form of arm construction in order to achieve levels of lateral rigidity which would provide stable positioning of the cap relative to a load bed when open and also probably present difficulty with respect to completing satisfactory installation. As in Lake U.S. Pat. No. 7,093,882, attachments at the cap forward wall appear to require techniques which prevent it from being conveniently adaptable to a variety of production caps.
Whereas Medlin discloses a large long upper arm above a large short lower arm, each arm pivoting from an upper attachment at, or adjacent to, the cap forward wall, the present invention employs relatively small short forward and long rearward arms, each pivoting from an upper attachment at, or close to, the horizontal mounting rail at the lower edge of each side wall. In Medlin, an upper arm upper pivot resides substantially vertically above a lower arm upper pivot on or proximate the cap forward wall (cap closed), whereas in the present invention arms are positioned so that the upper pivot of each arm lies substantially on, or close to, the same horizontal plane when closed, and at no time does one arm lie above the other. Medlin discloses lengths for upper and lower arms around 48 and 30 inches, respectively, which are 6 or more times longer than needed for arms in the present invention.
Technology of the prior art also includes a 4-bar hinging system used in forward hinged attachment of low profile molded unit covers (e.g. Leer model 700) to pickup load beds. However, 4-bar hinges of the prior art for low profile load bed cover applications, if applied to forward attachment of a cab high cover, provide insufficient rearward travel of the cap to maintain clearance between a truck cab and a load bed cap when raised.
Market testing of the lift-roof cover concept defined by Lake U.S. Pat. No. 7,093,882 revealed cost issues resulting from replacement of the cap forward wall with a hinged forward wall assembly and from associated complexities of addressing multiple applications of potential customer interest. Interest has been further limited by an associated loss of availability of forward window options demanded by many users of conventional caps. The present invention provides reductions in complexity of application relative to Lake U.S. Pat. No. 7,093,882 while giving up a small degree of functionality. The improvement in loading access is provided with use of readily available caps requiring minimal or no attachment modifications. The invention is simplified relative to Lake U.S. Pat. No. 7,093,882 by avoiding need for modification of the cover forward wall, thereby more easily maintaining functional robustness and supporting customer demand for pivoting, removable, or sliding forward window options.

4-bar hinge system for load bed cab-high cover adaptation to rear lift access


Techniques and systems for migrating links in documents are described. For example, during a migration process, a first document may be selected to be migrated from a source document database. A determination may be made that the first document includes a link to a second document. The first document may be migrated to a target document database. The second document may be selected to be migrated from the source document database. The second document may be migrated to the target document database. The link in the first document may be finalized to include an address of the second document in the target document database.

As the value and use of information continues to increase, individuals and businesses seek additional ways to process and store information. One option available to users is information handling systems. An information handling system generally processes, compiles, stores, and/or communicates information or data for business, personal, or other purposes thereby allowing users to take advantage of the value of the information. Because technology and information handling needs and requirements vary between different users or applications, information handling systems may also vary regarding what information is handled, how the information is handled, how much information is processed, stored, or communicated, and how quickly and efficiently the information may be processed, stored, or communicated. The variations in information handling systems allow for information handling systems to be general or configured for a specific user or specific use such as financial transaction processing, airline reservations, enterprise data storage, or global communications. In addition, information handling systems may include a variety of hardware and software components that may be configured to process, store, and communicate information and may include one or more computer systems, data storage systems, and networking systems.
A document stored in a document database may include links (e.g., hyperlinks) that reference other documents stored in the document database. When migrating applications from a first (e.g., source) document database to a second (e.g., target) document database, documents associated with the applications may be also be migrated. The migration process may include migrating the document links in each of the documents that are being migrated. After the documents have been migrated, the document links in each migrated document are modified to reference the other migrated documents in the target platform. Migrating links in documents is referred to as document link tracking and is a time-consuming and computing resource intensive process. Conventional migration products typically require that a user (e.g., a system administrator) exercise manual control over the document link tracking process. However, manual control over document link tracking may make the migration process complex and error-prone for the user. In addition, the document link tracking may place a significant demand on local computing resources.


A network configurator can dynamically configure a device to couple network data between other devices in a wireless network. The devices can include two independent wireless transceivers that can each operate within different frequency bands, such as the 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz frequency bands. The configuration of the independent wireless transceivers can be based, at least in part, on device capabilities of the wireless transceivers, channel conditions, and a quality of service associated with the other wireless stations in the wireless network.

Embodiments described generally relate to the field of communication systems and, more particularly, to enhanced wireless network coverage within a defined coverage area.
Wireless networks are widely deployed, especially for use in well-defined and limited areas such as homes and apartments. Often, a single wireless access point/router is connected to a cable modem or digital subscriber line (DSL) modem to provide wireless access to a broadband network. Wireless access points can operate in a 2.4 GHz frequency band or in both the 2.4 GHz frequency band and a 5 GHz frequency band. However, these wireless access points may not be able to support the demands of multiple end devices (or stations). In particular, the limited frequencies used by the wireless access points may not support high data throughput rates required by multiple stations.


Disclosed herein is an electronic apparatus that can use not only an LCD monitor provided as a standard component, but also a DVI monitor. The apparatus incorporates a BIOS. The BIOS acquires display parameters from the DVI monitor if the DVI monitor is connected to the apparatus and causes the DVI monitor to function as display device of the apparatus.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to an electronic apparatus provided on which display monitors of different types can be used. More particularly, the invention relates to a technique of selectively controlling display monitors.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, electronic devices, such as notebook-type personal computers and mobile digital players, have a liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor as standard display.
In recent years, monitors (hereinafter referred to as "DVI monitors") that accord with the standards of digital displays called DVIs (Digital Visual Interfaces) are used in increasing numbers. The DVI monitor is a display that generates images directly from digital signals. It can display high-quality images.
A notebook-type personal computers has either an analog RGB monitor (usually, a CRT monitor) or an LCD monitor, no matter whether it can be connected to a DVI monitor or not. The user may use a DVI monitor to display images reproduced from, for example, a DVD drive or a TV tuner. Special utility software must be executed to use the DVI monitor. That is, it is necessary for the user to switch the standard monitor, e.g., an LCD monitor, to the DVI monitor.
Some computers have a DVI-monitor connector and the function of detecting the connection of a DVI monitor to the DVI-monitor connector. (Such a computer is disclosed in, for example, Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2002-169532.) In other words, any computer that has this function can automatically detect the connection of the DVI monitor to it.
Nonetheless, the user must do something to execute the special utility software to make the DVI monitor perform its function.

Method and apparatus for controlling display monitors provided on an electronic apparatus


A data model in which a set provides an abstraction that isolates the computation of membership from the details of how an enforcement point determines access (e.g., based on claims, based on security group membership etc). Set operations (e.g., intersection, union, inverse) can then be used across the sets. The architecture utilizes workflow on set transitions such that when an object such as a user enters the scope of one of these sets, notification can occur, such that inadvertent changes which lead to separation-of-duties violations can be detected quickly. The sets can also be used to define entitlements for enforcement of claims-based access control in a cross-organization deployment (e.g., to a cloud-hosted application).

Enterprises which are moving to a governance model for controlling access to sensitive information resources or are subject to regulatory requirements to limit access to this information to only authorized employees with a legitimate business need, must first understand the access model deployed in the enterprise information technology systems, such as file servers and collaboration sites. In many enterprises this has historically been an ad-hoc process, in which it is difficult to detect anomalous situations in which users do not have the correct access for the user role or users have received access entitlements which are atypical for the assigned role.

Separation of duties checks from entitlement sets


An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) generates multiple analog waveforms, preferably as voltage ramps, that progressively increase in signal value over time but at different rates of increase. The ramp with the greatest slope is initially compared with an input signal sample until the ramp exceeds the sample, at which time the system switches to the ramp with the next greatest slope for comparison with the input. The operation then repeats, with the system switching to the next lower ramp each time the current ramp exceeds the input. Both the number of ramp switching events that occur during a sample cycle, and the clock count at the time of the most recent ramp switch, are recorded and used respectively as the most and least significant bits of a digital output. The switching event count proceeds from an initial maximum value from which it subtracts at each switching event, while the clock count builds up from an initial minimum value.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and related conversion methods, and more particularly to ADCs that are adaptable to multiple-channel analog inputs.
2. Description of the Related Art
Numerous different ADC architectures are available, such as successive-approximation, flash, dual-ramp and staircase devices. Such converters are described in general in Fink and Christiansen, ed, Electronics Engineer's Handbook, McGraw-Hill, 1989, pages 3.42-3.43, 8.69-8.77, 16.63-16.67.
One of the limitations of presently available ADCs is the difficulty in providing monolithically integrated converters with a multi-channel input capability. Monolithic integration would be very helpful in applications which have stringent noise, power, space and performance requirements. Without such integration, cost considerations can dictate that only a single ADC be used to service multiple channels. In this event, the ADC is multiplexed among the different channels, which typically number 16. This is the approach taken in Talambiras, "Some Considerations in the Design of Wide-Dynamic-Range Audio Digitizing Systems", Proc. Audio Engineering Society 57th Conv., May 10, 1977, pages 164-170, and also in the 1988 Analog Devices Data Book, pages 3.13-3.22 for the AD368/AD369 converters. Both of these references multiplex successive approximation converters. This requires a large amount of power, and it is difficult to monolithically integrate the multiplexer, programmer and analog-to-digital function as indicated in the two references on the same chip.

Ripsaw analog-to-digital converter and method


Clip for attaching a bed liner to a cargo area of a vehicle such as a pickup truck can include a body to which is attached an ear, and attached to the ear, a toe that can engage a vertical portion of a wall of the bed liner; optionally, a hole may be provided in the body to disengage the toe from the bed liner wall opposite the toe. The clip in another embodiment can include a body to which is attached a biasing upper extension arm, and a laterally directed retaining member, and between the body and the laterally directed retaining member is provided at least one gap for receiving a wall portion of the bed liner; optionally, a recess may be provided to accommodate a blind lip tab of the pickup truck cargo area wall.

I. Field
The present invention concerns a clip for attaching a bed liner to a cargo area of a vehicle such as a pickup truck. It may concern such a clip for an over the rail bed liner.
II. Art
Various clip devices are known for attaching bed liners to the beds of pickup trucks. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,122,583 to Grittner et al.; 4,572,568 to Kapp et al.; 4,595,229 to Wagner; 4,740,026 to Wagner; 4,740,027 to Ormiston; 4,750,776 to Barben; 4,768,822 to Gower; 4,850,633 to Emery; 5,046,775 to Marcum, Jr. et al.; 5,267,820 to Sturtevant; 5,364,150 to Cochran et al.; 5,513,934 to German; and 5,782,520 to Smith. Compare, U.S. Pat. No. 4,305,182 to Peterson. See also, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,853,913 to Rapata, 3,029,486 to Raymond, 3,093,027 to Rapata, 3,093,874 to Rapata, 4,181,349 to Nix et al. 4,470,737 to Wollar, 4,540,214 to Wagner, 4,575,146 to Markos, 4,659,133 to Gower, 4,677,714 to Wright, 4,708,895 to Mizasawa, 4,796,942 to Robinson et al., 4,906,040 to Edwards, 4,924,561 to Yoneyama, 5,150,940 to Kennedy, 5,345,658 to Kennedy, and 5,893,599 to Strohfeldt; Australian patent No. 250,088 (Oct. 11, 1962), and French patent Nos. 1,364,535 (1964) and 1,576,385 (1969); and Durakon Industries, Inc., instruction sheet (Sep. 12, 2002) for a Dodge Ram 1500 liner fastener, Penda Corporation, Bedliner Installation Instructions (6/93) for an over rail bedliner and fastener, and The Colonel's Inc., Installation Instructions for fastening bedliners with an overrail fastener clip.
Among problems with some of these can be mentioned complexity or multi-part construction. Others do not hold as securely as desired. Some are cost prohibitive. Some require downward pressure on the bed liner through a flexible lower arm.
It would be good to ameliorate or overcome such problems.


A method for producing a genetically modified plant by introducing a polynucleotide to an intact plant or plant cell(s) via electroporation, in the absence of cell wall-degrading enzymes. Genetically engineered plants produced by the method of the invention are also provided. The invention also provides a method for producing a polypeptide in an intact plant cell, including plant tissue or a whole plant by introducing a biologically active polypeptide directly into the plant.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to the transfer of molecules into a plant, and specifically to a method of introducing molecules such as polypeptides or polynucleotides into an intact plant or plant tissue using electroporation.
2. Description of Related Art
The ability to alter the genetic composition of a living cell by transformation is one of the core technologies in biotechnology. By manipulating the genetic repertoire of a cell, one can produce large amounts of a desirable protein product. One of the primary limitations to the alteration of cells has been the technology to carry out the transformation.
Genetically engineered plants are useful for the production of vaccines against human diseases, ranging from tooth decay to life-threatening infections such as bacterial diarrhea, cholera, and AIDS. It may even be possible to produce vaccines in plants which are then eaten as part of the normal diet. Such vaccines might be cheaper than those now available, because plants are easier to grow in large quantities than are the cultured animal cells which are currently being used to make most vaccines.
Most commonly, DNA transfer into plant cells has been accomplished by preparation of protoplasts which are subsequently treated with a DNA-containing solution which is taken up by the protoplast. As plant regeneration from protoplasts has generally been limited to a relatively small number of genotypes for various species, it has been difficult to develop a generally effective protoplast based procedure. Therefore, other approaches have been recently explored.
Typically, means for delivery of DNA into living cells include cellular uptake of DNA precipitates, microinjection of DNA into a single cell, electrofusion, insertion of DNA into cells by micro-projectiles coated with DNA, and cellular uptake of DNA from the surrounding solution following exposure of the cell to a strong electric pulse (i.e., electroporation).
Micro-injection of DNA into single cells is inefficient and tedious, and only a limited number of cells can be treated at one time. Electro-fusion is a means by which exogenous genetic material is introduced into a host plant (U.S. Pat. No. 4,832,814). The insertion of genetic material is accomplished by either permeabilizing the cell membrane to allow entry of genetic material or fusing the host cell with a cell containing the genetic material of interest. Electro-fusion has many limitations and does not work for all plant cells (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,822,470).
Insertion of DNA into cells using DNA-coated micro-projectiles (U.S. Pat. No. 4,945,050) has also been utilized for genetically modifying plants. The exposure to gas and debris from an explosive event arises from the need to use an explosion to achieve the high degree of acceleration required to give the micro-projectiles the requisite kinetic energy to pierce the cell. These conditions impose severe limitations to applying the projectile method to cells in an intact plant or organism. The high velocity ballistic penetration by small particles with the nucleic acid either within the matrix of small beads or particles, or on the surface (Klein, et al., Nature, 327:70, 1987). Although, typically only a single introduction of a new nucleic acid segment is required, this method particularly provides for multiple introductions. However, this technology requires that plants go through a tissue culture stage, and again the conditions for regeneration of whole plants from plant cells are not without problems.
Cellular uptake of DNA following exposure of the cell to an electric pulse is accomplished often in surroundings which are not too far from physiological, and often for an amount of time on the order of milliseconds or less. The target cells are typically required to be placed in a cavity (e.g., a cuvette). Most electro-transformation is carried out on cells in suspension after dissociating the tissue to single cells or small aggregates of cells before treating.
Direct transfer of genes into cells or intact plant leaves or tissues by electroporation, has required the addition of chemicals such as spermine, spermidine or lipophilic molecules such as Lipofectin.RTM. (see for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,286,634). Most recently, Chowrira, et al. (Molecular Biotechnology, 3:17, 1995) showed studies which demonstrated that leguminous plants could be transformed by electroporation of DNA into intact nodal meristems in planta, resulting in transient expression and stable integration of transgenes, when DNA is first mixed with lipofectin reagent. The study showed that the amount of lipofectin added to the plasmid DNA was critical for the introduction of DNA to the plant cells.
Transient expression of gus gene (.beta.-glucuronidase) and anthocyanin was obtained in immature embryos by electroporation of DNA in a spermidine-containing electroporation solution (Songstad, et al., Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 33:195, 1993). NPTII (neomycin phosphotransferase II) gene expression was also greatly enhanced by transformation of DNA in buffer containing spermidine, which delays lysis of protoplasts and inhibits the activity of nucleases (Dekeyser, et al., The Plant Cell, 2:591, 1990). In contrast, transformation in the absence of spermidine resulted in extremely low if any gene expression. Spermine and lipofectin containing buffers were also utilized for transferring DNA via electroporation to intact cowpea seed-derived embryos (Akella and Lurquin, Plant Cell Reports, 12:110, 1993).
Monocot cells were transformed in the absence of cell wall degrading enzymes by electroporation of either single cell suspensions or cell aggregates, both from prior dissociation of plant tissue (Gobel, et al., WO93/21335). Therefore, in vitro cell culture was required following treatment.
There remains a need for a method of introducing molecules into plants which avoids the problems associated with regeneration from protoplasts and which allows many cells to be transformed at one time, in the absence of chemicals.

Electroporation-mediated molecular transfer in intact plants


Described are imprint lithography templates, methods of forming and using the templates, and a template holder device. An imprint lithography template may include a body with a plurality of recesses on a surface of the body. The body may be of a material that is substantially transparent to activating light. At least a portion of the plurality of recesses may define features having a feature size less than about 250 nm. A template may be formed by obtaining a material that is substantially transparent to activating light and forming a plurality or recesses on a surface of the template. In some embodiments, a template may further include at least one alignment mark. In some embodiments, a template may further include a gap sensing area. An imprint lithography template may be used to form an imprinted layer in a light curable liquid disposed on a substrate. During use, the template may be disposed within a template holder. The template holder may include a body with an opening configured to receive the template, a support plate, and at least one piezo actuator coupled to the body. The piezo actuator may be configured to alter a physical dimension of the template during use.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to imprint lithography templates. More particularly, to imprint lithography templates for use in micro- and nano-imprint lithography processes.
2. Description of the Relevant Art
Optical lithography techniques are currently used to make most microelectronic devices. However, it is believed that these methods are reaching their limits in resolution. Sub-micron scale lithography has been a critical process in the microelectronics industry. The use of submicron scale lithography allows manufacturers to meet the increased demand for smaller and more densely packed electronic components on chips. It is expected that in the coming years, the microelectronics industry will pursue structures that are smaller than about 50 nm. Further, there are emerging applications of nanometer scale lithography in the areas of opto-electronics and magnetic storage. For example, photonic crystals and high-density patterned magnetic memory of the order of terabytes per square inch require nanometer scale lithography.
For making sub-50 nm structures, optical lithography techniques may require the use of very short wavelengths of light (e.g., about 13.2 nm). At these short wavelengths, many common materials may not be optically transparent and therefore imaging systems typically have to be constructed using complicated reflective optics. Furthermore, obtaining a light source that has sufficient output intensity at these wavelengths may be difficult. Such systems may lead to extremely complicated equipment and processes that may be prohibitively expensive. It is believed that high-resolution e-beam lithography techniques, though very precise, may be too slow for high-volume commercial applications.
Imprint lithography processes have demonstrated the ability to replicate high-resolution (sub-50 nm) images on substrates using templates that contain images as topography on their surfaces. It is believed that imprint lithography may be an alternative to optical lithography for use in patterning substrates in the manufacture of microelectronic devices, optical devices, MEMS, opto-electronics, patterned magnetic media for storage applications, etc. Imprint lithography techniques may be superior to optical lithography for making three-dimensional structures such as micro lenses and T-gate structures.
For production-scale imprint lithography, it may be desirable to place patterned regions as close as possible to each other without interfering with subsequent imprints. This effectively maximizes the patternable area on the substrate. In order to accomplish this goal, the location of the any excess fluid that is expelled from the patterned area should be well confined and repeatable. As such, the individual components, including the template, substrate, fluid and any other materials that may affect the physical properties of the system, including but not limited to surface energy, interfacial energies, Haymaker constants, Van der Waals' forces, viscosity, density, opacity, etc., should be engineered properly to accommodate a repeatable process. Accordingly, a need exists for a way of controlling the spread of excess fluid outside desired patterning regions that can facilitate production-scale imprint lithography.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Device for holding a template for use in imprint lithography

Board of Regents, The University of Texas System


A computing device hosting a website of a business may be operable to receive a first search input comprising a term submitted via a search bar on the website. Upon performing an internal search for the term with no result, the computing device may output information on the no-result. The computing device may then perform, using one or more external search engines, a search for the term. Search results of the search, performed using the external search engine(s), may be analyzed. Based on a result of the analysis, one or more particular character strings related to the term may be identified. The computing device may generate and store, based on the identifying of the particular character string(s), one or more alternative search suggestions. Upon subsequently receiving an input comprising at least a portion of the term entered in the search bar, the computing device may output the alternative search suggestion(s).

Consumers often do online searches or queries via a website of a retailer or business for a product or a part of some apparatus. For example, a consumer or customer may type in a model number or a part number as a keyword in a search bar on the website. In instances when there is no match for the search, the customer may receive, in return, information or a message indicating "no result" for the search. Conventionally, if the same customer or some other customer searches for the same model number or the same part number at some other time later, he/she will still receive the message indicating "no result" for the search.
Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional and traditional approaches will become apparent to one of skill in the art, through comparison of such systems with the present disclosure as set forth in the remainder of the present application with reference to the drawings.

Method and system for providing alternative result for an online search previously with no result


A natural gas reformer comprising a stack of thermally conducting plates interspersed with catalyst plates and provided with internal or external manifolds for reactants. The catalyst plate is in intimate thermal contact with the conducting plates so that its temperature closely tracks the temperature of the thermally conducting plate, which can be designed to attain a near isothermal state in-plane to the plate. One or more catalysts may be used, distributed along the flow direction, in-plane to the thermally conducting plate, in a variety of optional embodiments. The reformer may be operated as a steam reformer or as a partial oxidation reformer. When operated as a steam reformer, thermal energy for the (endothermic) steam reforming reaction is provided externally by radiation and/or conduction to the thermally conducting plates. This produces carbon monoxide, hydrogen, steam and carbon dioxide. When operated as a partial oxidation reformer, a fraction of the natural gas is oxidized assisted by the presence of a combustion catalyst and reforming catalyst. This produces carbon monoxide, hydrogen, steam and carbon dioxide. Because of the intimate thermal contact between the catalyst plate and the conducting plates, no excessive temperature can develop within the stack assembly. Details of the plate design may be varied to accommodate a variety of manifolding embodiments providing one or more inlets and exit ports for introducing, pre-heating and exhaust the reactants.

The present invention relates to reformers, and particularly to reforming apparatus that reforms fuel into fuel species suitable for use by electrochemical converters. In particular it relates to a plate type reformer suitable for either steam reforming or partial oxidation reforming.
The use of conventional hydrocarbon fuels as a fuel reactant for fuel cells is well known in the art. The hydrocarbon fuels are typically pre-processed and reformed into simpler reactants prior to introduction to the electrochemical converter. Conventionally, the fuel is pre-processed by passing the hydrocarbon fuel first through a desulfurization unit, then through a reformer, and a shift reactor (for H.sub.2 fueled fuel cell only) to produce a suitable fuel stock.
Conventional steam reformers currently in wide commercial use comprise a reformer section consisting of a catalyst material which promotes the reforming reaction and a burner to supply heat for the endothermic reforming reaction. A steam source is typically connected to the reformer section to provide steam. The burner typically operates at temperatures well above that required by the reforming reaction and well above the operating temperatures of conventional fuel cells, e.g., solid oxide fuel cells. Because of this, the burner must be operated as a separate unit independent of the fuel cell and as such adds considerable bulk, weight, cost and complexity to the overall power system. Furthermore, the burner is not uniquely adaptable to utilize the waste heat generally available from the fuel cell. Moreover, the consumption of extra fuel by the burner limits the efficiency of the power system.
A typical tubular reformer contains multiple tubes, which are normally made of refractory metal alloys. Each tube contains a packed granular or pelletized material having a suitable reforming catalyst as a surface coating. The tube diameter typically varies from between 9 cm and 16 cm, and the heated length of the tube is normally between 6 and 12 meters. A combustion zone is provided external to the tubes, and is typically formed in the burner. The tube surface temperature is maintained by the burner in the range of 900.degree. C. to ensure that the hydrocarbon fuel flowing inside the tube is properly catalyzed with steam at a temperature between 500.degree. C. and 700.degree. C. This traditional tube reformer relies upon conduction and convection heat transfer within the tube to distribute heat for reforming.
Plate-type reformers are known in the art, an example of which is shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,015,444 of Koga et al. The reformer described therein has alternating flat gap spaces for fuel/steam mixture flow and fuel/air mixture flow. The combustion of the fuel/air stream within the spaces provides the heat for reforming of the fuel/steam mixture stream. A drawback of this design is that the reformer relies upon heat transfer between the adjacent flat gap spaces to promote the fuel reforming process.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,470,670 of Yasumoto et al. describes an integrated fuel cell/reformer structure, which has alternating layers of fuel cell and reformer plates. The heat transfer from the exothermic fuel cell to the endothermic reformer occurs through the thickness of the separating plates. A drawback of this design is that it is difficult to attain, if at all, temperature uniformities in this fuel cell/reformer structure, and which is essential in compact and efficient chemical or electrochemical apparatus designs. This fuel cell/reformer structure also requires complex and cumbersome reactant manifolding to interconnect the reactant flows between the alternating fuel cell layers and the reformer layers.
Electrochemical converters, such as fuel cells, have been known as systems for converting chemical energy derived from fuel stocks directly into electrical energy through electrochemical reaction. One type of fuel cell typically employed in fuel cell power generation systems is a solid oxide fuel cell. The solid oxide fuel cell generates electricity and releases waste heat at a temperature of about 1000.degree. C.
A typical fuel cell consists mainly of a series of electrolyte units, onto which fuel and oxidizer electrodes are attached, and a similar series of interconnectors disposed between the electrolyte units to provide serial electrical connections. Electricity is generated between the electrodes across the electrolyte by an electrochemical reaction that is triggered when a fuel, e.g., hydrogen, is introduced at the fuel electrode and an oxidant, e.g., oxygen, is introduced at the oxidizer electrode.
Typically, the electrolyte is an ionic conductor having low ionic resistance thereby allowing the transport of an ionic species from one electrode-electrolyte interface to the opposite electrode-electrolyte interface under the operating conditions of the converter. The electrical current can be tapped for external load from the interconnector plates.
The conventional solid oxide fuel cell also includes, in addition to the features listed above, an electrolyte having a porous fuel and oxidizer electrode material applied on opposing sides of the electrolyte. The electrolyte is typically an oxygen ion conducting material, such as stabilized zirconia. The oxidizer electrode, which is typically maintained in an oxidizing atmosphere, is usually an perovskite of high electrical conductivity, such as strontium doped lanthanum manganite (LaMnO3(Sr). The fuel electrode is typically maintained in a fuel rich or reducing atmosphere and is usually a cermet such as zirconia-nickel (ZrO2/Ni). The interconnector plate of the solid oxide fuel cell typically is made of an electronically conducting material which is stable in both an oxidizing and reducing atmosphere.
There still exists a need in the art for apparatus that utilizes the waste heat generated by the fuel cell for reforming use. In particular, there exists a need for employing reformer design in close association with the electrochemical converters.
The invention will next be described in connection with certain preferred embodiments. However, it should be clear that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.